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Speaker 1: Also media.

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Speaker 2: Ah, we're back, and you know we're talking about Versailles,

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Speaker 2: me and my friend ed Edward Zitron. I've never called Edward.

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Speaker 2: It feels wrong. It's mostly what my mother calls me.

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Speaker 3: When I've done something like Edward Edward Benjamin Zitron. That's

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Speaker 3: when I know I'm in real trouble.

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Speaker 2: Edward Benjamin Zitron.

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Speaker 3: That's when the that's that's yeah, that's that's when I'm about.

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Speaker 2: To really do that. Yeah, I feel like I need

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Speaker 2: to punish you for something. Just hearing that.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's exactly it.

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Speaker 2: It's the punishment phrase. So ed a better offline. We're

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Speaker 2: talking about Versailles and the weird culture of oligarchy. Well

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Speaker 2: it wasn't. I mean, it's an aristocracy, but whatever. Like,

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Speaker 2: we're talking about this weird subculture that Louis the fourteenth creator.

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Speaker 4: During that during that break between recording episodes, neither of

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Speaker 4: you peede right because I'm not okay with that.

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Speaker 2: I I pissed, behead you, behead you. It's done. Fortress.

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Speaker 2: Honestly though, it'd be pretty cool if I just got

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Speaker 2: to live in a fortress forever. I would not mind

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Speaker 2: a nice fortress stead. But don't pee as long as

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Speaker 2: it's all the time.

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Speaker 3: I drink so many diet cokes I would be beheaded.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, you would not have lasted a minute in verse

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Speaker 2: I me, I'm great at holding my pe. I'd have

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Speaker 2: been the fucking king's best friend. We'd have gotten wasted together.

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Speaker 2: We'd have been gambling. It is funny to me that

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Speaker 2: like all of these royal well every night gambling, constantly

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Speaker 2: losing and making fortunes, like while the country. A big

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Speaker 2: part of like why people get increasingly angry in the

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Speaker 2: period from here up to seventeen eighty nine when the

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Speaker 2: revolution happens, is like every day in these like newspapers

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Speaker 2: that are getting smuggled into France and you know these

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Speaker 2: other different like kind of news delivering methods. We'll talk

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Speaker 2: about that whole news ecosystem in Paris in a little bit.

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Speaker 2: But every day people are reading stories about like who

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Speaker 2: lost how much money? And Versailles. So they're like, oh,

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Speaker 2: the price of bread just tripled, my family's going to

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Speaker 2: starve and die. And the Duke de Orleone gambled away

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Speaker 2: seven hundred thousand livres like just burnt it for nothing.

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Speaker 2: Kind of pissed about that.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, well, no, it's the case, may.

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Speaker 2: Be, yeah right, I would dare not be pissed about

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Speaker 2: it in front of the King. You know, the fact

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Speaker 2: that gambling is absolutely central to the culture of this

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Speaker 2: leadership caste, who all live at Versailles with the King.

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Speaker 2: I can't not think about crypto and how central that

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Speaker 2: is to the people who are trying to make themselves

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Speaker 2: the new the American nobility, right, who want to be

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Speaker 2: our hereditary aristocracy that rules things, and how they spend

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Speaker 2: most of their time and money gambling on crypto. Yeah, anyway,

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Speaker 2: I don't know, interesting interesting history, yes, yes, and they

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Speaker 2: even have their own you know, they've got mar A Lago,

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Speaker 2: which Trump clearly wants to be a sort of Versailles.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, he lacks the atrocity gene, true, like I'm sure

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Speaker 3: he would love to do one, but like he lacks

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Speaker 3: the killer instinct of these perverts.

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Speaker 2: Well, yeah, he did not have to literally fight a

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Speaker 2: series of wars in over to get where order to

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Speaker 2: get where he is, which again, that's consistently the best

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Speaker 2: thing we have going for us.

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Speaker 1: You know.

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Speaker 2: It's the same as like, well, at least this generation

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Speaker 2: of fascists didn't all spend four years fighting in close

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Speaker 2: quarters in trenches. You know that said neither did we.

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Speaker 2: So the social constitution of Versailles took a lot from

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Speaker 2: its founder, which meant that the whole place was a

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Speaker 2: huge adultery club all the time. There's a great story

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Speaker 2: in Nancy Mitford's book that might be apocryphal, but it

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Speaker 2: tells of a high ranking noble returning home early from

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Speaker 2: a trip abroad to find his wife in bed with

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Speaker 2: her lover, and he apologized to both of them. He

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Speaker 2: was like, oh my god, I didn't warn you I'd

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Speaker 2: come home early. Of course you're fucking some dude. Oh

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Speaker 2: my god, I am so embarrassed. This is on me.

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Speaker 2: You know, it's not Poland, yeah, it's like Portland completely

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Speaker 2: my bad.

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Speaker 3: You should apologize.

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Speaker 2: Oh rude. The normalization of this behavior among the ruling

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Speaker 2: class contributed to a growing break with the bourgeoisie in

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Speaker 2: the working class of France, because while these nobles who

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Speaker 2: are living together, they don't really most of them. There

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Speaker 2: are conflicts that emerge, but most of them aren't super

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Speaker 2: judgmental about adultery, right, It is just kind of considered

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Speaker 2: something you do. The working class and most of the

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Speaker 2: bourgeoisie are extremely Catholic and they are not okay with this.

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Speaker 2: And again, as more of this stuff leaks and gets

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Speaker 2: leaked out, right, if you want to, if you are

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Speaker 2: politically opposed to Madame de montespan right or whichever of

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Speaker 2: the King's lovers, you leak out stories of her doing

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Speaker 2: fucked up shit, you know, gambling irresponsibly, being drunk, sleeping

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Speaker 2: around on the king right, or whatever, and that both

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Speaker 2: makes the king look bad and it makes the King

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Speaker 2: more likely to send her away right right.

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Speaker 3: And because the peasantry would get morally offended, well, I mean,

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Speaker 3: that's kind of a by product, right.

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Speaker 2: The reason why you, as a noble at Versailles, are

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Speaker 2: leaking out stories about her is you want to hurt

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Speaker 2: her position, right, And the stories will get out into

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Speaker 2: the press, and then the police will find out that

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Speaker 2: peasants are talking about this and bourgeoisiser talking about this.

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Speaker 2: They'll bring that story back to the King and then

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Speaker 2: he'll know that he's been embarrassed. And so your goal

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Speaker 2: is a noble leaking that is to influence that situation.

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Speaker 2: But the byproduct of this is that the peasantry and

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Speaker 2: the like the regular people of France are constantly hearing

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Speaker 2: about how the king is sleeping around and not being

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Speaker 2: a good Catholic, and that makes them increasingly angry and

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Speaker 2: disaffected from the monarchy. This is a process that occurs

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Speaker 2: over like a century, but this, the sheer weight of

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Speaker 2: all these stories, changes completely how regular people think about

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Speaker 2: their rulers, right, in a way that is very negative

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Speaker 2: and that contributes to the growth of revolutionary sentiment. Right,

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Speaker 2: it's a part of it, you know. So this whole

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Speaker 2: process gets really escalated when Madame DeMont Span succeeds in

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Speaker 2: using magic to win the king over as her lover. Now,

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Speaker 2: Madame de Montespand had a husband, and in most cases,

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Speaker 2: when the king fucks your wife, you're cool with it.

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Speaker 2: For one thing. As a noble you are rarely married

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Speaker 2: for love. Right. You got married with this lady because

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Speaker 2: of a money thing, because of a political alliance. So like,

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Speaker 2: you don't really care who she fucks as long as

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Speaker 2: you're able to fuck who you like. Right. This is

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Speaker 2: not the case with Madame de Montespan's wife and the king.

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Speaker 2: Normally his thing is like to the husband, Hey, here

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Speaker 2: have a couple of privileges. You you get all the

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Speaker 2: tax money from this specific and it's something king, yes,

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Speaker 2: oh yes, you get very well rewarded. Right. And it's

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Speaker 2: also there's no shame in being cucked by the king, right,

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Speaker 2: he's the king, you know, like it's kind of a

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Speaker 2: bragging point of like, yeah, my wife is shtup in

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Speaker 2: the king. Now I get all of the taxes paid

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Speaker 2: on you know, fine leather work in Normandy or whatever,

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Speaker 2: you know. But this guy felt differently. And his uncle

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Speaker 2: was the Archbishop of Sins, right, so his uncle is

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Speaker 2: a high ranking member of the Catholic clergy. This guy's

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Speaker 2: pissed that the king is fucking his wife, and so

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Speaker 2: the archbishop his uncle, in order to punish the king,

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Speaker 2: finds a different married woman in his bishopric who's cheating

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Speaker 2: on her husband, and he makes her do public penance. Right,

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Speaker 2: He like puts her in public and punishes her, and

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Speaker 2: he posts public warnings about the sin of adultery. Now, again,

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Speaker 2: there's no free press in France, but numerous French papers

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Speaker 2: and pamphlets are printed in Amsterdam or the Hague and

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Speaker 2: sent across and the population is generally aware of what's

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Speaker 2: going on. As a result, the scandal peters out. Eventually

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Speaker 2: largely because the son king refuses to give a shit

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Speaker 2: about it or stop traveling around with his wife, his

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Speaker 2: pregnant former mistress, and his new mistress all in this

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Speaker 2: shit same carriage. There's a very funny moment where they're

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Speaker 2: all like traveling to the front together one day after

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Speaker 2: they work out their differences and get along, and some

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Speaker 2: of the soldiers they pass are like, I just saw

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Speaker 2: the king and the three queens of France.

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Speaker 3: Damn Jesus Christ.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, the fact they're alive. Will we're allowed to live? Yeah?

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Speaker 2: I don't know the rest of that thirty one year

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Speaker 2: old life. Yeah, right now. Speaking of which, travel in

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Speaker 2: the king's carriage was one of the great honors the

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Speaker 2: Versailles set competed over whenever he went on a trip.

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Speaker 2: If he picked you to travel with him, that's a

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Speaker 2: big deal, right, You've like won a major win. But

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Speaker 2: it's also miserable. As Mitford writes, these journeys, except for

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Speaker 2: the prestige they gave, were a real torment to his

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Speaker 2: companions and the coldest weather, all the windows had to

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Speaker 2: be kept open, as he could not bear stuffiness. The

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Speaker 2: ladies were expected to be merry eat a great deal.

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Speaker 2: He hated people to refuse food and to have no

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Speaker 2: physical needs that would force them to leave the coach,

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Speaker 2: and they hit, no, they can't do it any just

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Speaker 2: if by any chance they were taken ill, fainted, or

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Speaker 2: felt sick, they could expect no sympathy. On the contrary,

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Speaker 2: Disfavor said it, he's such a freak. Louis the fourteenth

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Speaker 2: had no sympathy for his pregnant mistresses either. He's going

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Speaker 2: to get you pregnant, and he's going to take care

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Speaker 2: of his bastard kids. He pays for them, He pays

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Speaker 2: for them well, they live very well, and he's like

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Speaker 2: the treats the kids reasonably nice. He hates pregnancy, so

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Speaker 2: his mistresses, when he gets them pregnant, are ordered to

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Speaker 2: hide their condition from him and the like. It's understood,

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Speaker 2: if you get pregnant, you need to not tell me.

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Speaker 2: You need to do everything you can to hide it,

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Speaker 2: and you need to have the kid quietly and then

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Speaker 2: smuggle it out of the palace into the hands of

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Speaker 2: some common maid or a poor noble or someone who

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Speaker 2: I will pay them to raise this kid. Right, So

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Speaker 2: does this guy like every nine months or so, just

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Speaker 2: find out he has a you child yes, Oh, okay,

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Speaker 2: you basically Louis the fourteenth Life. Yeah, I'm kids crazy,

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Speaker 2: another kid, Okay, some money, pay some random lady to

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Speaker 2: take care of it. I don't want to hear about

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Speaker 2: it though. Yeah, there's just one weird story. There's this

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Speaker 2: lady who he like. He like, pays her to take

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Speaker 2: care of one of his bastards because he hates her

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Speaker 2: and he wants her away from Versailles. And then the

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Speaker 2: kid dies immediately, and she's so sad about it that

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Speaker 2: he starts to like her, and he's like, oh, you

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Speaker 2: know what, then she got sad when my kid died.

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Speaker 2: Now I think she's cool. He is, He's a weird

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Speaker 2: he's nothing like then nothing would. Yeah. In general, one

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Speaker 2: thing you are struck by reading about Versailles under the

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Speaker 2: Sun King is that everyone lives in constant terror of

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Speaker 2: pissing this one dude off. One of his courtiers who

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Speaker 2: never quite made it to the inner circle later said falseness, servility,

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Speaker 2: admiring glances, combined with a dependent and cringing attitude above

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Speaker 2: all in appearance of being nothing without him, were the

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Speaker 2: only means of pleasing him. Cool dad to hang out with.

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Speaker 3: Hey, I'm joining my my economy ruining house.

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Speaker 2: It would be miserable. It's built up bones and costs

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Speaker 2: half of France to run.

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Speaker 3: The Twilight Zone episode about this with like a child.

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Speaker 2: Sounds horrifying. This sounds great for him. Yeah, yeah, now

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Speaker 2: the end. Oh, I don't know that we have a

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Speaker 2: full idea, but a bunch a bunch of bastards and

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Speaker 2: some legit kids, okay, Now, a displeased king could be

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Speaker 2: a terrifying thing. A representative story came when a group

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Speaker 2: of the King's friends got lost hunting one day. They

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Speaker 2: stumbled upon a cabin twenty miles or so from Versailles,

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Speaker 2: and the old man who lived there took them in

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Speaker 2: and fed them right. During a conversation while they're having

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Speaker 2: dinner that night, they found out that he had been

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Speaker 2: a frondeur, that is, a member of the rebellion in

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Speaker 2: Louis the fourteenth childhood, right that we started the episode

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Speaker 2: talking about. So the King's friends returned to Versailles and

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Speaker 2: they're like, hey, man, you'll never believe this. You know,

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Speaker 2: we met this old dude. He was part of the

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Speaker 2: rebellion years ago. He just lives right next to Versailles.

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Speaker 2: Very nice guy. You know, and they thought the King

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Speaker 2: would find it amusing. The King was livid and he

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Speaker 2: had the man trapped down and executed immediately. So real,

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Speaker 2: not a forgiving fellow. What of For another example of

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Speaker 2: like how Mercury old this guy could be one of

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Speaker 2: his closest friends in confidants was a guy named la Zune,

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Speaker 2: and la Zune got the idea in his mind one

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Speaker 2: day that he wanted to marry the King's cousin. Now

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Speaker 2: the same like at the same time as he's like

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Speaker 2: being like, hey, man, you should let me do this,

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Speaker 2: he starts making jokes which annoy the king, and the

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Speaker 2: King gets increasingly pissed off over the course of the night.

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Speaker 2: At like the fact that this guy is joking around

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Speaker 2: and talking about marrying his cousin, the King has his

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Speaker 2: very good friend arrested and locked away in a fortress

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Speaker 2: for ten years.

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Speaker 3: So the guy, well, the guys, the guy, the guy,

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Speaker 3: the guy, Okay, cool. Why does anyone joke with Louis?

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Speaker 2: Yeah it is. Is there a reward for being funny?

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Speaker 2: I suppose yes, because a big, big part of why

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Speaker 2: he likes the mistresses he likes is they can make

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Speaker 2: him laugh. If you can make him laugh, you can

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Speaker 2: get close to him, and there's you can get a

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Speaker 2: lot of benefits from that. But obviously comedy is a

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Speaker 2: very two edged sort, you know, kolemedy is both legal

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Speaker 2: illegal again, yes, yeah, it really depends on how the

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Speaker 2: sun King feels in any given moment. So very a

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Speaker 2: dangerous place to take make jokes. This is this is

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Speaker 2: truly insane.

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Speaker 3: This is just like but it's like, there's a completely

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Speaker 3: there's a set of laws social and financial, and you

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Speaker 3: could just die because you were slightly.

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Speaker 2: Rude, yes, yes, in a way that you would never

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Speaker 2: have been able to guess, like you'll never find out

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Speaker 2: because your dad Yeah yeah, yeah, your dad are or

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Speaker 2: and usually just locked away. But if you're noble, usually

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Speaker 2: you just get locked away. So by the sixteen seventies,

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Speaker 2: the late sixteen seventies, Louis has created a captive society

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Speaker 2: of increasingly deranged, terrified, out of touch nobles whose entire

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Speaker 2: life revolves around trying to get him to like them.

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Speaker 2: The stakes are life and death. A bad joke can

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Speaker 2: get you locked in a fortress, and so again, people

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Speaker 2: increasingly turn to black magic. And one of the things

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Speaker 2: that's happening, as I said, A lot of this is nonsense,

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Speaker 2: like these black masses and stuff I don't think are

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Speaker 2: doing anything real, but there is a lot of real

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Speaker 2: stuff being sold by these witches.

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Speaker 3: Right.

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Speaker 2: Witchcraft has always been heavily tied to early medicine, and

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Speaker 2: particularly the use of botanical drugs. This often meant a

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Speaker 2: border of fasciants, right, like if you got pregnant and

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Speaker 2: didn't want to be, if it was bad for you

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Speaker 2: to be pregnant, especially all of the fucking that goes

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Speaker 2: on in you know, between these nobles, it's not always

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Speaker 2: a good idea to get pregnant with the person you're fucking.

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Speaker 2: You can get an abortion from these from these witches,

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Speaker 2: right the witch but they also offer they offer what

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Speaker 2: are called inheritance powders, which is literally poisoned to kill

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Speaker 2: the guy you will inherit his like the money of right,

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Speaker 2: like offer your husband. And over the middle of the

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Speaker 2: sun King's reign, it becomes very common to poison rivals

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Speaker 2: for his affections. In other words, you are trying to

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Speaker 2: kill people if they are closer to the king, and

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Speaker 2: you want to be close to the king. For the

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Speaker 2: most popular poisons are arsenic and antimony. In Versailles, these

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Speaker 2: were often snuck. How would you guess? What would you

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Speaker 2: guess is the most common way to poison people to

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Speaker 2: death in versai Well, poison them death. We're talking about

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Speaker 2: tron spoiling.

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Speaker 4: I'm gonna guess. No, no, no, I'm gonna guess that.

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Speaker 4: It is like they sneak it into the food.

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Speaker 2: M Okay, you're gonna guess food and you get a

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Speaker 2: guess for the most common way to poison someone at

301
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Speaker 2: versa something.

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Speaker 3: To do with clothing, some sort of like some sort

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Speaker 3: of accessory perhaps that can have a poison on it.

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00:16:31,200 --> 00:16:33,280
Speaker 2: That is actually one of them. But that's not the

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00:16:33,360 --> 00:16:37,280
Speaker 2: most common method. So I'm gonna give you a partial Sophie,

306
00:16:37,400 --> 00:16:39,920
Speaker 2: you're wrong. The most common way to poison people at

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00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:52,360
Speaker 2: Versailles is to put poison in their enemas. So social

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Speaker 2: life at the palace, there's huge feasts all the time, right,

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Speaker 2: Like you're still be having these big feasts, and the

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Speaker 2: king is obsessed. He hates it when people don't eat.

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Speaker 2: If he is offering you food, you have to eat.

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Speaker 2: You have to eat a lot.

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Speaker 5: Don't ship in any.

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Speaker 3: Presenting less you use the shitting the anima thing.

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00:17:13,320 --> 00:17:16,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, and that's fine then, is now didn't want to

316
00:17:16,840 --> 00:17:20,680
Speaker 2: get fat? Right, Like there's a degree of stigma around that,

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Speaker 2: especially for like women at the court. And more to

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Speaker 2: the point, well.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, body shaving.

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Speaker 2: Do better sunking. The kind of food, the kind of

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Speaker 2: foods people are eating, these very rich foods, a lot

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Speaker 2: of cheese. People don't poop very well after eating feasts.

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Speaker 2: So inimas, everyone is taking enemas regularly because it's the

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Speaker 2: only way to relieve yourself after the king forces you

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Speaker 2: to eat six thousand calories of final and meat. Here

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Speaker 2: was this as well, This is like the sixteen seventy sixteen.

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Speaker 3: How many people died from these fucking things? Like, we

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Speaker 3: must have been a lot of infections.

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Speaker 2: We'll never know because like number one, arsenic looks like

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Speaker 2: a couple of other things, and somebody has a feast

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Speaker 2: and then has a heart attack or gets it. People

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Speaker 2: get sick and die for all sorts of reasons, and

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Speaker 2: we're bad at diagnosing, right. We do know there are

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Speaker 2: a number of proven poisonings, but we don't know how

335
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Speaker 2: many of the deaths at Versailles because Versaia is also

336
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Speaker 2: it's very easy to get sick there because you live

337
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Speaker 2: in a big house with three thousand people.

338
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Speaker 3: Well, like pissing and pooping disease in weird places.

339
00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,399
Speaker 2: That's probably that's not much of the problem. It's more

340
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Speaker 2: just that you know, flu season comes around and everyone

341
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Speaker 2: is in the same big room together, right, you know,

342
00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:47,000
Speaker 2: it's just easy to get sick. Again.

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Speaker 4: The thought that you had in part one, the smell

344
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Speaker 4: of this place.

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Speaker 2: The smell of this place because people are also yeah,

346
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Speaker 2: I mean they're using they're doing their enemas in their

347
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Speaker 2: private apartments, in the chamber pots. But enemas are a

348
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Speaker 2: daily thing for a number of people. And yeah, that's

349
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Speaker 2: an easy way to kill them. As you just put

350
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Speaker 2: arsenic in their enema, they'll shoot it out their ass

351
00:19:07,640 --> 00:19:11,119
Speaker 2: and get sick. Now ed, you got this right, a

352
00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:14,600
Speaker 2: very common method of poisoning. You would also impregnate someone's

353
00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:18,400
Speaker 2: clothes with arsenic, right, So you would put it unlike

354
00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:22,159
Speaker 2: the arms of their clothing or whatever, and that wouldn't

355
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Speaker 2: do anything unless they like touch their mouth or their eyes.

356
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Speaker 2: But people do that all the time, right, So the

357
00:19:27,040 --> 00:19:28,760
Speaker 2: idea is that you put it in the garment, they'll

358
00:19:28,760 --> 00:19:31,760
Speaker 2: get it on their hands. Eventually they'll touch themselves somewhere

359
00:19:31,800 --> 00:19:35,880
Speaker 2: that the poison can get in, right, and the symptoms

360
00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:38,639
Speaker 2: of arsenic are being are kind of similar to syphilis,

361
00:19:39,080 --> 00:19:41,480
Speaker 2: So it has this benefit of if they don't know

362
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Speaker 2: they've been poisoned, everyone thinks they've caught syphilis, and there's

363
00:19:44,680 --> 00:19:47,159
Speaker 2: a huge social stigma to getting syphilis. So again, if

364
00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:49,760
Speaker 2: you're trying to damage your rival, you don't necessarily have

365
00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:52,040
Speaker 2: to kill them. If you can make people think they

366
00:19:52,119 --> 00:19:55,080
Speaker 2: have syphilis, you can do some damage to their reputation.

367
00:19:55,560 --> 00:19:58,520
Speaker 2: They won't be able to fuck people anymore, you know. Yeah,

368
00:19:58,560 --> 00:20:03,119
Speaker 2: it's an issue now. Doctors had developed methods for testing

369
00:20:03,200 --> 00:20:06,200
Speaker 2: poison by this point, and they are awful. The main

370
00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:09,280
Speaker 2: one was if you think someone was poisoned, right, if

371
00:20:09,320 --> 00:20:11,560
Speaker 2: some guy gets sick suddenly and he's like, I think

372
00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:16,199
Speaker 2: I was poisoned, you feed whatever liquid or powder they

373
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Speaker 2: think that they were poisoned with to a dog, and

374
00:20:19,080 --> 00:20:23,080
Speaker 2: if the dog survives, it's not poison. If the dog dies,

375
00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:28,399
Speaker 2: it's poison. Right. Pretty brutal, but like it makes sense now.

376
00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:31,280
Speaker 2: Because the stakes were high and royalty is at risk,

377
00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:35,240
Speaker 2: doctors are constantly pushed to innovate and create antidotes, and

378
00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:37,760
Speaker 2: they don't really know what they're doing very rarely do

379
00:20:37,920 --> 00:20:41,560
Speaker 2: these work, and in order to try and figure out

380
00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:44,640
Speaker 2: if they do work. There's enough of science is becoming

381
00:20:44,720 --> 00:20:47,159
Speaker 2: a thing in this period. Right, we're not quite at

382
00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:50,960
Speaker 2: the Enlightenment, but people are starting to do science. And

383
00:20:51,160 --> 00:20:53,359
Speaker 2: one of the ways in which they try to scientifically

384
00:20:53,480 --> 00:20:57,239
Speaker 2: create antidotes is when a doctor thinks he's figured out

385
00:20:57,280 --> 00:21:00,439
Speaker 2: an antidote to a poison, they'll find a death row

386
00:21:00,560 --> 00:21:04,440
Speaker 2: prisoner who volunteers, and they'll poison them and then given

387
00:21:04,480 --> 00:21:08,800
Speaker 2: the antidote, and if they survive, their sentence is commuted,

388
00:21:08,840 --> 00:21:09,959
Speaker 2: they get off of the row.

389
00:21:10,119 --> 00:21:12,160
Speaker 3: Right, I honestly would believe that they were just send

390
00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:13,280
Speaker 3: back to prison.

391
00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:17,879
Speaker 2: Like now they're they're not there's a reward. People usually

392
00:21:17,960 --> 00:21:19,080
Speaker 2: don't survive. Right.

393
00:21:21,119 --> 00:21:24,879
Speaker 3: Was all of this testing created specifically because of the sign?

394
00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:29,199
Speaker 2: Yeah? I mean not, that's not the I guess there

395
00:21:29,240 --> 00:21:32,520
Speaker 2: are people others accelerates are getting poisoned. This is not

396
00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:36,280
Speaker 2: only a thing in France, right, Elements of this exists elsewhere,

397
00:21:36,600 --> 00:21:41,320
Speaker 2: but this poisoning economy is created and largely develops because

398
00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:45,240
Speaker 2: it's the shit like this existed under the Roman Empire

399
00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:48,359
Speaker 2: and further back. People always provided poisons and stuff, but

400
00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:52,280
Speaker 2: this specific industry, like version of the industry crops up

401
00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:53,600
Speaker 2: as a result of Versailles.

402
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:57,760
Speaker 3: Right, you've got the which economy, You've got the poison economy,

403
00:21:57,880 --> 00:21:59,200
Speaker 3: and of course the devil economy.

404
00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:03,639
Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, Basically the extant poisoning and devil economy that

405
00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:06,440
Speaker 2: had existed in France that was probably similar to the

406
00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:09,760
Speaker 2: way it works in its neighbors, becomes this specific thing

407
00:22:10,119 --> 00:22:14,120
Speaker 2: because of Versailles. Right, that's fair to say. I think

408
00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:17,040
Speaker 2: I don't want to be like no one else poisons people, right,

409
00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:21,400
Speaker 2: everyone's poisoning people. You know, we poison people today. We've

410
00:22:21,400 --> 00:22:23,760
Speaker 2: gotten very good at it thanks to the Russians, you know,

411
00:22:24,760 --> 00:22:26,800
Speaker 2: That's what it was going to be an ad speaking

412
00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:28,520
Speaker 2: of which, Yeah, it is time for our ads, and

413
00:22:28,600 --> 00:22:33,920
Speaker 2: we are sponsored entirely by Novachuk. Novachuck. If you want

414
00:22:34,040 --> 00:22:38,280
Speaker 2: a lot of people dead very quickly in a way

415
00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:44,159
Speaker 2: that will alert the entire security establishment of whatever country,

416
00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:53,200
Speaker 2: you poison them in, Novachuck, we're back. And I can't

417
00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:56,840
Speaker 2: believe you didn't accept the Novachuk ads for better offline,

418
00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:59,720
Speaker 2: it really seems like a natural move for you.

419
00:22:59,720 --> 00:23:03,440
Speaker 3: You know, I'm just saving my first like ad read

420
00:23:03,600 --> 00:23:07,359
Speaker 3: for like Hanwa I think like or Loki, you know,

421
00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:10,880
Speaker 3: the greats, the really I want to associate, Yeah, brand.

422
00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:13,639
Speaker 2: I mean we're working on a Raitheon sponsorship for you,

423
00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:18,119
Speaker 2: and this is cools on media. Yeah yeah, yeah, largely

424
00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:24,920
Speaker 2: sponsored by Wraitheon. Get or a fucking who is it?

425
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:27,520
Speaker 2: The Sikorski like it doing black Hawk.

426
00:23:27,359 --> 00:23:34,479
Speaker 3: Ads Cold Academy Now And that was in the past.

427
00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:41,600
Speaker 2: That's in the past. So back to the poisoning economy periodicity,

428
00:23:41,720 --> 00:23:44,720
Speaker 2: poisoners would be caught and brought to justice. This happened

429
00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:48,719
Speaker 2: in sixteen seventy six with the Marquis de Brinvillier, who

430
00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:52,159
Speaker 2: poisoned her father and two brothers but failed to poison

431
00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:55,000
Speaker 2: her husband. And it's like a weird story. Her lover

432
00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:57,879
Speaker 2: who was her accomplice in poisoning the rest of her family.

433
00:23:58,600 --> 00:24:01,600
Speaker 2: I don't fully do stand, but he like decides to

434
00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:04,200
Speaker 2: feed her husband the antidote because I think maybe of

435
00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:07,520
Speaker 2: some strange sense of guilt. So she gets caught and

436
00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:11,600
Speaker 2: sentenced and executed, and her trial is a media sensation.

437
00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:15,720
Speaker 2: All of these newsletters and whatnot in Paris, Like every

438
00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:18,440
Speaker 2: cafe in Paris, people are talking about the trial over

439
00:24:18,560 --> 00:24:21,720
Speaker 2: this poisoner, this rich noble woman who is like poisoning

440
00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:25,920
Speaker 2: her family, and before one thing they're majorly talking about

441
00:24:26,080 --> 00:24:29,840
Speaker 2: is before she is beheaded, she says, it's unfair. I'm

442
00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:32,320
Speaker 2: the only one being punished for this, because everyone at

443
00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:38,400
Speaker 2: Versailles does this rightful.

444
00:24:36,160 --> 00:24:37,879
Speaker 3: Sticky stuff conversation.

445
00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:43,160
Speaker 2: All exactly, and she's not lying right like, it's extremely

446
00:24:43,320 --> 00:24:47,439
Speaker 2: common to do all of this. Now, this is an

447
00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:49,800
Speaker 2: accurate complaint and it sets off kind of a public

448
00:24:49,960 --> 00:24:53,680
Speaker 2: moral panic over witchcraft and poison. Just about the only

449
00:24:53,720 --> 00:24:56,479
Speaker 2: person who had been unaware of the trade and spells

450
00:24:56,520 --> 00:24:59,399
Speaker 2: and poisons was the son King. Again, because all of

451
00:24:59,440 --> 00:25:01,760
Speaker 2: this is being done in order to get closer to

452
00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:05,639
Speaker 2: him and curry favor with him, he orders the parish

453
00:25:05,720 --> 00:25:10,080
Speaker 2: chief of police, Gabrielle de Larini, to investigate. What follows

454
00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:13,600
Speaker 2: is a three year plunge into the magical underground, where

455
00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:17,320
Speaker 2: inheritance powders made of arsenic were sold alongside black masses

456
00:25:17,400 --> 00:25:20,720
Speaker 2: performed by priests. From an article in the BBC History

457
00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:23,840
Speaker 2: Magazine by Johnny Wilkes, one of the most popular potion

458
00:25:23,960 --> 00:25:27,320
Speaker 2: peddlers was La Voisin, who named among her clients those

459
00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:30,480
Speaker 2: looking for advantage at Versai the Duke de Luxembourg bought

460
00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:32,920
Speaker 2: charms to keep him safe from swords, while a number

461
00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:35,120
Speaker 2: of women look for any additive to seduce the key.

462
00:25:37,359 --> 00:25:38,679
Speaker 2: I want some sword pills.

463
00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:41,679
Speaker 3: And there's no wealth of way to protect from a sword.

464
00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:46,720
Speaker 2: No, no, no, only only drugs. And it's funny because

465
00:25:49,040 --> 00:25:52,040
Speaker 2: at like formal, especially at formal events, but basically all

466
00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:55,280
Speaker 2: the time, swords are mandatory dress at Versailles, to the

467
00:25:55,359 --> 00:25:57,960
Speaker 2: extent that if you forget one, they'll give you the

468
00:25:58,119 --> 00:26:00,600
Speaker 2: loan you a sword at the door. You don't want

469
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:02,439
Speaker 2: to use the loana sword. You don't want to use

470
00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:07,040
Speaker 2: the loaner sword. No, no, no, everyone's going to be

471
00:26:07,080 --> 00:26:09,320
Speaker 2: at check out. Dickhead over there with the loan of

472
00:26:09,400 --> 00:26:13,040
Speaker 2: sword and didn't bring that's that fucker's a rental.

473
00:26:13,320 --> 00:26:16,359
Speaker 3: That's a real sword. It hasn't even got a sword

474
00:26:16,400 --> 00:26:17,120
Speaker 3: amula either.

475
00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:21,720
Speaker 2: Yeah, and no sword ambula. What a dick. So, with

476
00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:25,520
Speaker 2: Dila Rainy convinced of an epidemic, Louis appointed a special

477
00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:29,440
Speaker 2: tribunal in April of sixteen seventy nine. Its sessions took

478
00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:32,680
Speaker 2: place in halls lit only by flaming short torches, the

479
00:26:32,800 --> 00:26:37,080
Speaker 2: Chamber Ardente Burning Chamber. More than four hundred people were accused,

480
00:26:37,240 --> 00:26:40,720
Speaker 2: dozens exiled, and thirty six put to death, including love

481
00:26:40,800 --> 00:26:43,480
Speaker 2: with sin. And this is partly because part of why

482
00:26:43,720 --> 00:26:46,080
Speaker 2: this gets so bad is they they or at least

483
00:26:46,359 --> 00:26:49,000
Speaker 2: Dela Rainey says, there was a plot to poison the

484
00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:51,800
Speaker 2: king to death, right right, but like and maybe there

485
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:55,840
Speaker 2: was because people don't enjoy living this way. I was

486
00:26:55,920 --> 00:26:57,800
Speaker 2: gonna say, like, it feels like there would have been

487
00:26:57,880 --> 00:27:01,440
Speaker 2: more tempios on the case. There's probably was a plot

488
00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:06,200
Speaker 2: to poison the king. Yeah, seems like a natural thing

489
00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:09,000
Speaker 2: to want to do in the situation to leave like

490
00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:15,440
Speaker 2: the frat house were. It's an understandable evolution of I'm

491
00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:17,760
Speaker 2: poisoning all of my friends to get close to the king.

492
00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:21,080
Speaker 2: What did we just poison the king? Yeah? We could

493
00:27:21,119 --> 00:27:24,679
Speaker 2: go home. Yeah we could go home. I could sleep,

494
00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:29,080
Speaker 2: I can piss. Quote. Fear spread among a court already

495
00:27:29,160 --> 00:27:32,080
Speaker 2: riddled with suspicion, and the deaths continued, but Louis put

496
00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:33,760
Speaker 2: an end to things after he heard a name of

497
00:27:33,840 --> 00:27:38,000
Speaker 2: someone implicated that alarmed him. The Madame de Montespan, his mistress.

498
00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:40,280
Speaker 2: Fearing the king made tire of her, she is said

499
00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:43,160
Speaker 2: to have sprinkled love potions into his food potions made

500
00:27:43,200 --> 00:27:47,040
Speaker 2: from Spanish fly iron filling sperm and minstrel blood. It

501
00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:49,840
Speaker 2: was even claimed she had a priest perform a sacrilegious

502
00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:52,800
Speaker 2: mass over her naked body, which involved the sacrifice of

503
00:27:52,840 --> 00:27:55,959
Speaker 2: an infant. Monta Span was never tried, but the Trifai

504
00:27:56,080 --> 00:27:58,679
Speaker 2: reveiled something dark and rotting at the heart of Louis

505
00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:11,640
Speaker 2: Versailles utopia and Jesus that that escalated. That was not subtle. Wow, okay, yeah,

506
00:28:11,680 --> 00:28:13,479
Speaker 2: I have a priest to a spell. So the king

507
00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:16,200
Speaker 2: likes to me too, Like I'm putting sperm and minstrel

508
00:28:16,280 --> 00:28:17,200
Speaker 2: blood in his food.

509
00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:20,760
Speaker 5: I got the minstrel, I forgot the com Where do

510
00:28:20,880 --> 00:28:25,479
Speaker 5: we get to come? You over there in the corner?

511
00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:28,920
Speaker 5: It now you want to make a dollar?

512
00:28:34,480 --> 00:28:36,959
Speaker 2: Oh man, it's so funny. I don't know that an

513
00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:44,040
Speaker 2: infant was sacrificed. Every Satanic panic they talk about sacrificing babies.

514
00:28:44,040 --> 00:28:46,680
Speaker 2: I feel like it's pretty uncommon to sacrifice babies. But

515
00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:52,840
Speaker 2: maybe like these people are, I wouldn't and they could

516
00:28:52,880 --> 00:28:55,560
Speaker 2: get a baby, right. It's not hard to get a

517
00:28:55,640 --> 00:29:00,160
Speaker 2: baby counts right wright, of course you do need that

518
00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:03,280
Speaker 2: baby might make you immune to taxes, unless it's like

519
00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:07,080
Speaker 2: the eleventh baby in which cash, but most of the

520
00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:09,720
Speaker 2: babies are dying, so like I can see if like

521
00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:11,960
Speaker 2: some richly he's like, hey man, you know that kidd

522
00:29:11,960 --> 00:29:18,120
Speaker 2: of yours isn't looking great. I need a baby as well. Also,

523
00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:23,160
Speaker 2: do you any com trying to do one? Stop shopping here?

524
00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:31,720
Speaker 2: Oh man? What a what a great culture. I love

525
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:39,200
Speaker 2: magic of the Court and Versailles, the common dead baby trade.

526
00:29:39,840 --> 00:29:43,560
Speaker 2: This house is like off of the economy, is half

527
00:29:43,640 --> 00:29:47,640
Speaker 2: of the rich economy. I mean that's how it costs.

528
00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:49,920
Speaker 2: I don't know if they're spending that much each year

529
00:29:49,960 --> 00:29:51,840
Speaker 2: because it doesn't make money by this point. But yes,

530
00:29:52,320 --> 00:29:55,280
Speaker 2: this this house that costs half of the GDP to build.

531
00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:58,560
Speaker 3: Yeah, it's ruining the lives of every noble.

532
00:29:58,720 --> 00:30:01,800
Speaker 2: It's destroying because now driving them insane.

533
00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,040
Speaker 3: Again, it's like a gossip industry.

534
00:30:04,400 --> 00:30:07,400
Speaker 2: He has created like the cultural equivalent of a death star,

535
00:30:07,560 --> 00:30:10,840
Speaker 2: but it's aimed at his own country, like and.

536
00:30:10,960 --> 00:30:13,120
Speaker 3: It's very people as well.

537
00:30:14,200 --> 00:30:18,520
Speaker 2: Now, all of this, this, like this story, people can't

538
00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:21,320
Speaker 2: stop talking about this, and I mean I can't stop

539
00:30:21,400 --> 00:30:26,800
Speaker 2: thinking about it. Of course, this wild this and this

540
00:30:27,160 --> 00:30:31,000
Speaker 2: massively accelerates the news the growth of a news ecosystem

541
00:30:31,080 --> 00:30:34,200
Speaker 2: in Paris, right, and in the news, this kind of

542
00:30:34,760 --> 00:30:36,720
Speaker 2: I'm going to lay out how this works. This whole

543
00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:41,640
Speaker 2: news ecosystem in Paris sprouts. It existed before Louis, some

544
00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:45,280
Speaker 2: aspects of it. There had been these things called libel's

545
00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:48,840
Speaker 2: for years, which were like books about different people in

546
00:30:48,960 --> 00:30:51,840
Speaker 2: government and politics, and you know, including some of the

547
00:30:51,920 --> 00:30:56,000
Speaker 2: King's mistresses, that were like books attacking them, right, which

548
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:59,080
Speaker 2: are usually illegal, but they're sold quite often. Those that

549
00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:03,120
Speaker 2: existed before Louis fourteenth. Obviously there had been some kinds

550
00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:05,280
Speaker 2: of papers in other countries that would get into France.

551
00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:10,000
Speaker 2: But what really accelerates the birth of a massive and

552
00:31:10,160 --> 00:31:14,160
Speaker 2: honestly very modern, feeling news ecosystem in Paris is Versailles.

553
00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:18,520
Speaker 2: Because now that all of power is centralized at Versailles,

554
00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:20,720
Speaker 2: and all of the people in power, including the king,

555
00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:25,239
Speaker 2: are no longer having much contact at all with regular people, right,

556
00:31:25,520 --> 00:31:28,240
Speaker 2: they're not governing out of the same city that French

557
00:31:28,320 --> 00:31:31,720
Speaker 2: people live in. They're increasingly locked in their own world.

558
00:31:31,880 --> 00:31:35,760
Speaker 2: So if you're a normal French person, the media becomes

559
00:31:35,840 --> 00:31:38,360
Speaker 2: your way to keep in touch with the government, right,

560
00:31:38,880 --> 00:31:42,280
Speaker 2: this alien world of Versailles, you know, And so that

561
00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:46,400
Speaker 2: is a lot of the fuel by which creates something

562
00:31:46,560 --> 00:31:50,080
Speaker 2: very similar to our current social media ecosystem in Paris.

563
00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:52,040
Speaker 2: Part of why this is able to work is that

564
00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:55,280
Speaker 2: literacy is actually very common in Paris, even among the poor,

565
00:31:56,120 --> 00:31:59,480
Speaker 2: Like a significant amount of people do know how to read,

566
00:31:59,560 --> 00:32:02,880
Speaker 2: even p who do not come from money. But even

567
00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:05,239
Speaker 2: if you don't know how to read, there's like an

568
00:32:05,280 --> 00:32:08,920
Speaker 2: equivalent to TV news, which are called I'm not going

569
00:32:08,960 --> 00:32:10,880
Speaker 2: to use the French term for it, but they're called

570
00:32:11,160 --> 00:32:15,480
Speaker 2: oral newsmongers, right, as in someone who like just tells

571
00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:18,080
Speaker 2: you the news, right. These are like the newscasters of

572
00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:21,280
Speaker 2: their day. So it's not TV there's, but there is.

573
00:32:21,360 --> 00:32:23,800
Speaker 2: There's a large chestnut tree in the center of Paris

574
00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:27,880
Speaker 2: called the Tree of Krackowl. And so in the early mornings,

575
00:32:27,920 --> 00:32:31,840
Speaker 2: these oral newsmongers will gather up all the newspapers they can,

576
00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:34,479
Speaker 2: all the gossip, you know, they collected the night before,

577
00:32:35,080 --> 00:32:37,360
Speaker 2: and they'll go out and they'll like read the best

578
00:32:37,440 --> 00:32:40,320
Speaker 2: bits out to the crowd, right, and you know, people

579
00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:41,920
Speaker 2: will throw them some money for that, and the people

580
00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:44,840
Speaker 2: who stand around another chunk of people will stand around

581
00:32:44,960 --> 00:32:47,720
Speaker 2: listening to these oral newsmongers. Some of them are just

582
00:32:47,800 --> 00:32:49,840
Speaker 2: doing that to get the news in the morning. Some

583
00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:52,520
Speaker 2: of them are taking notes on what these people say,

584
00:32:53,240 --> 00:32:55,920
Speaker 2: and then these notes sometimes get turned into pamphlets, but

585
00:32:56,080 --> 00:32:59,840
Speaker 2: usually they'll just bring them to the cafes and the

586
00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:02,520
Speaker 2: bars later in the day and read them out to

587
00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:06,800
Speaker 2: everyone there, and as a result, news disseminates in a

588
00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:09,080
Speaker 2: very modern way. This is almost like having twenty four

589
00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:11,960
Speaker 2: hour TV news, right, a podcast really yeah, or a

590
00:33:12,040 --> 00:33:15,920
Speaker 2: podcast right, and that then turns in in some cases

591
00:33:15,960 --> 00:33:18,360
Speaker 2: it turns into like print news, but it also turns

592
00:33:18,440 --> 00:33:22,160
Speaker 2: into direct gossip that it's closer to, like if you

593
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:24,360
Speaker 2: think of the Tree of Crackout as like TV news,

594
00:33:24,680 --> 00:33:28,040
Speaker 2: and then these cafes and bars are like Twitter and Facebook, right.

595
00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:30,760
Speaker 2: So it is in a lot of ways. It's an

596
00:33:30,800 --> 00:33:34,360
Speaker 2: extremely modern seeming system that develops here.

597
00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:38,160
Speaker 3: It's so crazy how many different systems grew out of

598
00:33:38,280 --> 00:33:42,360
Speaker 3: this necessity, yes, to create this insane alien world where

599
00:33:42,680 --> 00:33:44,960
Speaker 3: the people that run the government. I was just thinking, like,

600
00:33:45,280 --> 00:33:47,200
Speaker 3: these are the people running the government. They're not just

601
00:33:47,320 --> 00:33:49,440
Speaker 3: like fucking around. They're also running.

602
00:33:49,240 --> 00:33:52,640
Speaker 2: Fronts they are running for and that's why again, pieces

603
00:33:52,720 --> 00:33:55,480
Speaker 2: of this aspects of what becomes this news economy existed

604
00:33:55,520 --> 00:33:59,120
Speaker 2: before versaill versa. I supercharges it, and it also fuels

605
00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:02,720
Speaker 2: it because most much, not maybe if not most well actually, honestly,

606
00:34:02,840 --> 00:34:05,360
Speaker 2: usually most of what is being talked about at the

607
00:34:05,480 --> 00:34:09,360
Speaker 2: Tree of Crackou and in these cafes starts as gossip.

608
00:34:09,560 --> 00:34:13,759
Speaker 2: People at the courts smuggle out, you know, send out

609
00:34:13,840 --> 00:34:15,759
Speaker 2: with an eight or whatnot. They'll write it down, they'll

610
00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:18,080
Speaker 2: send it to somebody that they know, you know, passes

611
00:34:18,120 --> 00:34:20,640
Speaker 2: stuff on to the people making these papers that are

612
00:34:20,680 --> 00:34:22,719
Speaker 2: being smuggled in the France, or they'll pass it on

613
00:34:23,120 --> 00:34:26,200
Speaker 2: to oral newsmongers. Because I want to get this piece

614
00:34:26,239 --> 00:34:28,480
Speaker 2: of gossip out because it's bad for arrival. I want

615
00:34:28,520 --> 00:34:30,200
Speaker 2: to get this piece of gossip out because it will

616
00:34:30,239 --> 00:34:32,760
Speaker 2: hurt this person close to the king, or it'll embarrass

617
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:35,239
Speaker 2: the king and stop him from doing something that's bad

618
00:34:35,320 --> 00:34:36,400
Speaker 2: for me for whatever reason.

619
00:34:36,560 --> 00:34:38,800
Speaker 3: Right, and honestly, no one to this group, because it

620
00:34:38,840 --> 00:34:41,239
Speaker 3: was fucking insane. If this was going on right now,

621
00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:42,600
Speaker 3: this would be all I cad about.

622
00:34:42,840 --> 00:34:44,560
Speaker 2: Yes, yes, this is the only thing you'd want to

623
00:34:44,560 --> 00:34:47,239
Speaker 2: talk about. It's the crazy house. Why would just be like,

624
00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:50,959
Speaker 2: what's going on to someone poison the crazy house? Yeah,

625
00:34:52,440 --> 00:34:55,840
Speaker 2: he pissed, Yeah, so it was said that if you

626
00:34:56,320 --> 00:34:58,440
Speaker 2: during the you know, when these oral newsmongers would get

627
00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:00,120
Speaker 2: up and give the news under that chestnut tree, that

628
00:35:00,160 --> 00:35:02,680
Speaker 2: if you heard a branch crack, that meant that the

629
00:35:02,760 --> 00:35:07,440
Speaker 2: newsmonger had gotten something wrong. And so cr que crack

630
00:35:07,560 --> 00:35:10,719
Speaker 2: became slang for fake news. That's the first like fake

631
00:35:10,840 --> 00:35:16,000
Speaker 2: news term and the last. From here, people in attendance

632
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:17,920
Speaker 2: would again take notes on the best bits in the

633
00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:21,800
Speaker 2: DeCamp for cafes, wine shops and salons. Police would sometimes

634
00:35:21,880 --> 00:35:24,560
Speaker 2: confiscate these notes when they could, but this was all

635
00:35:24,640 --> 00:35:28,800
Speaker 2: simply too common to stop. The system is still in

636
00:35:28,920 --> 00:35:31,800
Speaker 2: its infancy during the reign of the Sun King, but

637
00:35:31,880 --> 00:35:34,040
Speaker 2: it starts to really grow during the reign of the

638
00:35:34,080 --> 00:35:36,880
Speaker 2: Sun King, and it will evolve over the next two reigns,

639
00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:39,879
Speaker 2: and ultimately this is a huge part of why there's

640
00:35:39,880 --> 00:35:42,719
Speaker 2: a revolution, right the fact that there's these papers, there's

641
00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:46,399
Speaker 2: these revolutionary presses and tracks, and the fact that all

642
00:35:46,480 --> 00:35:50,680
Speaker 2: of this gossip about royalty is really bad pr for

643
00:35:50,800 --> 00:35:53,480
Speaker 2: the nobility and for the king and the queen.

644
00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:54,720
Speaker 3: They just sound insane.

645
00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:58,560
Speaker 2: They sounded insane and awful, and it's kind of fucked up.

646
00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:01,680
Speaker 2: As we'll talk about Eventually, the King and Queen WI

647
00:36:01,719 --> 00:36:05,000
Speaker 2: ultimately pay the price, you know, which includes the queen

648
00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:09,680
Speaker 2: being Marie Antoinette and her husband Louis the sixteenth are

649
00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:12,480
Speaker 2: not nearly as bad as the son king, and in fact,

650
00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:14,919
Speaker 2: my opinion of them is they were kind of trying

651
00:36:14,960 --> 00:36:17,359
Speaker 2: to do the best they knew how to. But they

652
00:36:17,400 --> 00:36:21,120
Speaker 2: were raised number one in this insane place and it

653
00:36:21,320 --> 00:36:26,040
Speaker 2: deranged culture that has gotten even crazier by the time

654
00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:29,879
Speaker 2: they come in. There's just no chance of them ever fixing, right.

655
00:36:29,880 --> 00:36:32,080
Speaker 3: Question how long has this been going on? So, like,

656
00:36:32,120 --> 00:36:34,160
Speaker 3: how long has the SI been around at this point?

657
00:36:34,600 --> 00:36:37,560
Speaker 2: I mean by the time we're into the sixteen eighties,

658
00:36:39,080 --> 00:36:41,720
Speaker 2: like twenty years something like that. Oh my god, fifteen

659
00:36:41,760 --> 00:36:45,239
Speaker 2: twenty I think. So I don't think it's yeah, we're

660
00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:49,319
Speaker 2: in this scene growing up going on. Yeah, well yes, yes,

661
00:36:49,400 --> 00:36:53,600
Speaker 2: because again the Sun King reigns seventy two years, right,

662
00:36:54,640 --> 00:36:58,200
Speaker 2: so and you know Versailles he starts building when he's

663
00:36:58,280 --> 00:37:01,960
Speaker 2: like twenty four, right, so he is around with it

664
00:37:02,120 --> 00:37:06,000
Speaker 2: for a long time. People are born and die with

665
00:37:06,200 --> 00:37:09,279
Speaker 2: Versailles being the center of the French world during his lifetime,

666
00:37:09,560 --> 00:37:12,960
Speaker 2: you know, and his time as the king. Now again

667
00:37:14,160 --> 00:37:17,120
Speaker 2: It's important to note that the main reason why this

668
00:37:17,680 --> 00:37:20,319
Speaker 2: very modern information ecosystem gets off the ground is there's

669
00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:22,680
Speaker 2: this desire of what are called the little people to

670
00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:26,520
Speaker 2: understand what the big people are doing at Versailles. As

671
00:37:26,600 --> 00:37:29,480
Speaker 2: Robert Darton writes in The Revolutionary Temper, which is a

672
00:37:29,680 --> 00:37:32,880
Speaker 2: great book about the way the media worked in Paris

673
00:37:32,960 --> 00:37:35,920
Speaker 2: leading up to the Revolution. For most Parisians, especially the

674
00:37:35,960 --> 00:37:38,680
Speaker 2: little people, Versaill was an alien world, and politics was

675
00:37:38,719 --> 00:37:41,960
Speaker 2: the king's business, transacted in his name by ministers, courtiers,

676
00:37:41,960 --> 00:37:45,399
Speaker 2: and power brokers among legrands. That's the big people. Yet

677
00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:47,640
Speaker 2: worried about the power plays leaked from Versailles, and it

678
00:37:47,719 --> 00:37:50,160
Speaker 2: converged with all sorts of other news in the information

679
00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:54,440
Speaker 2: system of Paris. Legrands at the top of society had access.

680
00:37:54,600 --> 00:37:57,680
Speaker 2: And these are not just nobles, right, Wealthy merchants are

681
00:37:57,719 --> 00:38:00,560
Speaker 2: also at Versailles. And in fact, there's a whole cottage

682
00:38:00,560 --> 00:38:03,920
Speaker 2: industry in books for rich people who are not nobles,

683
00:38:03,960 --> 00:38:07,480
Speaker 2: who need to understand the stuff that nobles are raised

684
00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:10,759
Speaker 2: understanding in order to not embarrass themselves at Versailles. That

685
00:38:10,920 --> 00:38:14,239
Speaker 2: becomes like a cottage industry. And yeah, like a big

686
00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:16,759
Speaker 2: part of what fuels. This is, you know, these people

687
00:38:16,960 --> 00:38:21,960
Speaker 2: doling out rumors and lies, often for social cachet. If

688
00:38:21,960 --> 00:38:24,200
Speaker 2: someone makes a crude joke at the king's expense or

689
00:38:24,280 --> 00:38:27,880
Speaker 2: flirt with one of his mistresses, they can upset dynamics

690
00:38:28,040 --> 00:38:30,719
Speaker 2: at the palace in ways that are beneficial to them. Now,

691
00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:34,840
Speaker 2: the downside of this constant churn is that people outside

692
00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:37,839
Speaker 2: of Versailles get this feeling that everything going on there

693
00:38:37,960 --> 00:38:43,680
Speaker 2: is like illegal, immoral sex, gambling and wasting all of

694
00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:47,600
Speaker 2: the country's money. Right, because which is partially largely accurate.

695
00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:50,800
Speaker 3: Right, Yeah, it doesn't sound like they were unreasonable in

696
00:38:50,880 --> 00:38:51,320
Speaker 3: believing that.

697
00:38:51,719 --> 00:38:53,759
Speaker 2: What's kind of fucked up is that Marie Antoinette and

698
00:38:53,840 --> 00:38:57,680
Speaker 2: Louis the sixteenth are like, compared to Louis the fourteenth,

699
00:38:58,200 --> 00:39:01,440
Speaker 2: fairly moral people. They do not engage in at least

700
00:39:01,520 --> 00:39:04,960
Speaker 2: nearly the same level of adultery. They are less wasteful

701
00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:10,000
Speaker 2: than the kings before them. But because the royalty have

702
00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:14,040
Speaker 2: this reputation by their time, they get that reputation too,

703
00:39:14,520 --> 00:39:18,040
Speaker 2: right because everyone for a hundred years, all that everyone's

704
00:39:18,040 --> 00:39:19,880
Speaker 2: been writing about how fucked up Versailla is. They're not

705
00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:22,360
Speaker 2: going to stop now just because these people are like

706
00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:25,319
Speaker 2: forty percent less shitty, right, Which is not to say

707
00:39:25,360 --> 00:39:29,240
Speaker 2: that Antoinette and Louis the sixteenth weren't shitty or wasteful,

708
00:39:29,280 --> 00:39:32,239
Speaker 2: They just weren't as bad as their predecessors. Yeah right.

709
00:39:33,080 --> 00:39:36,040
Speaker 2: So as he aged, the Sun King did grow less

710
00:39:36,080 --> 00:39:41,520
Speaker 2: promiscuous and more focused on maintaining control. As Johnny Wilkes writes,

711
00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:45,000
Speaker 2: Louis turned his life movements and even abolutions, which is like,

712
00:39:45,200 --> 00:39:48,280
Speaker 2: you know his toilet has cleaning himself into a daily

713
00:39:48,400 --> 00:39:52,240
Speaker 2: performance governed by a seemingly endless list of detailed rituals

714
00:39:52,280 --> 00:39:54,640
Speaker 2: and strict rules of etiquette, all in order to keep

715
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:57,760
Speaker 2: the nobles busy. All revolved around the Sun King. Starting

716
00:39:57,800 --> 00:40:00,759
Speaker 2: when he first awoke, A select group be granted and

717
00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:03,640
Speaker 2: access to the King's bedchamber, although they were not to

718
00:40:03,760 --> 00:40:06,480
Speaker 2: cross the railing to get near the bed during during

719
00:40:06,520 --> 00:40:09,320
Speaker 2: the ceremonial rising, and only the most senior in the

720
00:40:09,400 --> 00:40:11,720
Speaker 2: room had the honor of helping Louis into his shirt.

721
00:40:13,560 --> 00:40:15,920
Speaker 2: Did the same thing at cees, Yeah, same thing. Yeah,

722
00:40:15,960 --> 00:40:19,640
Speaker 2: that's exactly how we handle ce Now. The fact that

723
00:40:19,800 --> 00:40:22,760
Speaker 2: life there was a constant series of balls and parties

724
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:27,560
Speaker 2: necessitated constant grant state expenses for fireworks which sometimes kill people,

725
00:40:27,920 --> 00:40:30,160
Speaker 2: and food in the law. But it also kept the

726
00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:33,000
Speaker 2: courtiers there in constant debt. Many had to borrow from

727
00:40:33,040 --> 00:40:38,000
Speaker 2: the crown to afford the accouterment of life at Versailles. Yeah,

728
00:40:38,040 --> 00:40:38,719
Speaker 2: the king.

729
00:40:38,800 --> 00:40:40,239
Speaker 3: They had to get from the king to go to

730
00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:41,040
Speaker 3: the king's party.

731
00:40:41,320 --> 00:40:43,800
Speaker 2: Yes, yes, and this is again part of how he

732
00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:46,879
Speaker 2: maintains control when the sun came, and part of why

733
00:40:46,920 --> 00:40:50,040
Speaker 2: it's so expensive is like what's acceptable fashion changes on

734
00:40:50,080 --> 00:40:52,520
Speaker 2: a whim. So when the king starts to go, bald

735
00:40:53,040 --> 00:40:56,040
Speaker 2: wigs become fashionable, right, and suddenly everyone should have a

736
00:40:56,120 --> 00:40:58,440
Speaker 2: wig because the king does. And when the king has

737
00:40:58,600 --> 00:41:01,520
Speaker 2: asked surgery for an anal fistula, people start wearing like

738
00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:07,960
Speaker 2: bandages around their crotches like HiT's yeah, mates, yeah, it's

739
00:41:07,960 --> 00:41:09,920
Speaker 2: also crazy fucked up man.

740
00:41:11,080 --> 00:41:13,359
Speaker 4: It's like when we saw those guys wearing the ear

741
00:41:13,480 --> 00:41:15,399
Speaker 4: bandage at the r this year.

742
00:41:15,840 --> 00:41:17,320
Speaker 2: It is exactly like that.

743
00:41:17,600 --> 00:41:18,280
Speaker 4: So rised.

744
00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:23,680
Speaker 2: This is like coo, just like that. Yes, this is

745
00:41:24,200 --> 00:41:25,320
Speaker 2: this is so insane.

746
00:41:26,280 --> 00:41:29,320
Speaker 3: Probably even if even if this was just people partying,

747
00:41:29,680 --> 00:41:31,480
Speaker 3: it would be strange. But the fact that this is

748
00:41:31,600 --> 00:41:33,480
Speaker 3: the like the economy.

749
00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:37,160
Speaker 2: By the by this point the sixteen eighties a decent

750
00:41:37,320 --> 00:41:40,920
Speaker 2: number of the people here have been like raised in this.

751
00:41:41,560 --> 00:41:45,200
Speaker 2: You know, they don't know another world exists.

752
00:41:47,800 --> 00:41:48,680
Speaker 3: Jesus Christ.

753
00:41:49,239 --> 00:41:52,280
Speaker 2: In sixteen eighty three, the Queen died and Louis married

754
00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:56,040
Speaker 2: his current mistress, Madame de Mentinon. He was less of

755
00:41:56,080 --> 00:41:58,120
Speaker 2: a rake by this point, in part for the sake

756
00:41:58,160 --> 00:42:00,759
Speaker 2: of his immortal soul. A king who was known as

757
00:42:00,800 --> 00:42:03,560
Speaker 2: an adulterer couldn't take communion while he lived in sin.

758
00:42:03,640 --> 00:42:05,919
Speaker 2: This was a power that the Church had, and even

759
00:42:05,960 --> 00:42:09,200
Speaker 2: the king really couldn't force them to do this once

760
00:42:09,280 --> 00:42:11,160
Speaker 2: he was no longer in the prime of health. Louis

761
00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:14,080
Speaker 2: worried about this more and more, because if you die

762
00:42:14,800 --> 00:42:19,120
Speaker 2: not taking communion, you go to hell, even a king. Right,

763
00:42:19,239 --> 00:42:21,920
Speaker 2: So that's the understanding that, like if the king is

764
00:42:21,960 --> 00:42:26,080
Speaker 2: committing adultery and doesn't stop in time to get forgiven

765
00:42:26,239 --> 00:42:28,800
Speaker 2: and you know, given his communion and last rites and whatnot,

766
00:42:29,120 --> 00:42:30,880
Speaker 2: then he goes to hell. Even the king will go

767
00:42:30,960 --> 00:42:34,160
Speaker 2: to hell. And as he'd gets sicker and older, Louis

768
00:42:34,160 --> 00:42:36,759
Speaker 2: worries about this more. Now, As I said, the King

769
00:42:36,920 --> 00:42:40,520
Speaker 2: Sun King's reign is impossibly long by the standard, like

770
00:42:40,920 --> 00:42:44,360
Speaker 2: thirty years is a long reign for a modern dictator

771
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:47,080
Speaker 2: with access to modern medicine. If you make it to

772
00:42:47,200 --> 00:42:50,359
Speaker 2: thirty years as a dictator, you were doing very well, right.

773
00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:54,360
Speaker 2: The Son King reigns for seventy two years. He is

774
00:42:54,440 --> 00:42:58,759
Speaker 2: the longest recorded reigning monarch in history human history. Now

775
00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:02,200
Speaker 2: there's some argument about this with people for whom our

776
00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:05,000
Speaker 2: documentation is less good because date keeping was just in

777
00:43:05,040 --> 00:43:08,680
Speaker 2: a very different state. But they just I mean, I can't.

778
00:43:08,800 --> 00:43:11,279
Speaker 2: It's very hard for someone to be king for longer

779
00:43:11,360 --> 00:43:13,400
Speaker 2: than seventy two years, you know.

780
00:43:13,920 --> 00:43:16,719
Speaker 3: And it was likely sustained by the complete insane of

781
00:43:16,800 --> 00:43:17,680
Speaker 3: the world he made.

782
00:43:18,320 --> 00:43:20,640
Speaker 2: Well, yeah, it was also the government thing. Yeah. What

783
00:43:20,760 --> 00:43:23,480
Speaker 2: if Congress was just Vegas my house?

784
00:43:24,360 --> 00:43:24,600
Speaker 4: Yeah?

785
00:43:24,880 --> 00:43:27,400
Speaker 3: What if the House of Representatives was a place they lived?

786
00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:29,120
Speaker 3: Yeah and fucked.

787
00:43:29,680 --> 00:43:32,680
Speaker 2: Yeah that said, you know, by the time he's getting

788
00:43:32,719 --> 00:43:35,080
Speaker 2: laid in his reign, kings are like anyone else as

789
00:43:35,160 --> 00:43:37,279
Speaker 2: they age, the shit that used to work don't work.

790
00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:41,279
Speaker 2: And Louis had been for most of his life a

791
00:43:41,400 --> 00:43:44,040
Speaker 2: very successful war leader, but in the last decades of

792
00:43:44,080 --> 00:43:47,480
Speaker 2: his reign he makes increasingly poor decisions, and some of

793
00:43:47,560 --> 00:43:50,560
Speaker 2: these lead him to participate in the War of Spanish

794
00:43:50,680 --> 00:43:54,120
Speaker 2: Succession in the early seventeen hundreds. A lot of the

795
00:43:54,200 --> 00:43:57,279
Speaker 2: wars in this period are wars of succession. A king

796
00:43:57,320 --> 00:44:00,920
Speaker 2: will die without an air everyone will feel like, well, iveyl,

797
00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:03,600
Speaker 2: like one of my relatives should be in there, you know,

798
00:44:03,719 --> 00:44:08,400
Speaker 2: and then maybe France, you know, can effectively be helping

799
00:44:08,480 --> 00:44:11,719
Speaker 2: to govern Spain or whatever. This does not work, or

800
00:44:11,719 --> 00:44:13,759
Speaker 2: at least what Louis wants out of the War of

801
00:44:13,800 --> 00:44:16,920
Speaker 2: Spanish Succession. He doesn't get. The war is kind of

802
00:44:17,000 --> 00:44:20,880
Speaker 2: a mixed bag for France. Her ambitions in Spain are stymied,

803
00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:24,239
Speaker 2: but she does close the war out after years with

804
00:44:24,360 --> 00:44:28,040
Speaker 2: some strong winds against Austria. Right, so it's not a

805
00:44:28,200 --> 00:44:32,799
Speaker 2: total calamity, but it's hideously unpopular and by the end

806
00:44:32,960 --> 00:44:35,520
Speaker 2: the country is like bankrupt, and in fact the economy

807
00:44:35,520 --> 00:44:37,960
Speaker 2: shits the bed so bad that Louis has to melt

808
00:44:38,080 --> 00:44:41,720
Speaker 2: down ten million livres worth of silver furniture at Versailles

809
00:44:41,880 --> 00:44:44,799
Speaker 2: to pay the crown's debts. This is not a good

810
00:44:44,880 --> 00:44:47,520
Speaker 2: deal because it only results in three million livres worth

811
00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:51,440
Speaker 2: of metal. Newsmongers whispered that the king might have made

812
00:44:51,520 --> 00:44:53,760
Speaker 2: more headway on the crown's debts if he had sold

813
00:44:53,800 --> 00:44:57,360
Speaker 2: the crown diamonds, but Louis couldn't stand the idea. He

814
00:44:57,520 --> 00:45:01,880
Speaker 2: loved seeing his female relatives nieces and granddaughters and the like,

815
00:45:02,200 --> 00:45:05,359
Speaker 2: wearing diamonds, and he was absolutely unwilling to sell those time.

816
00:45:05,440 --> 00:45:09,000
Speaker 2: That's unreasonable to expect of him, of course, of course exactly.

817
00:45:09,280 --> 00:45:12,960
Speaker 2: And look, if you don't want to sell your royal diamonds, uh,

818
00:45:13,600 --> 00:45:13,799
Speaker 2: you know.

819
00:45:16,120 --> 00:45:17,080
Speaker 3: I wouldn't sell mine.

820
00:45:17,600 --> 00:45:19,480
Speaker 2: Buy some diamonds from our sponsors.

821
00:45:24,080 --> 00:45:28,360
Speaker 3: Okay, yep, yeah, I'm good, just emotional that he couldn't

822
00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:31,680
Speaker 3: have this, but he can't turn cool Zone Media into

823
00:45:31,680 --> 00:45:32,319
Speaker 3: the party house.

824
00:45:32,719 --> 00:45:34,719
Speaker 2: Yeah, this will see, yes, is going to become for

825
00:45:34,800 --> 00:45:37,120
Speaker 2: me though. This is inspired me. Yeah, I have always

826
00:45:37,200 --> 00:45:39,400
Speaker 2: wanted to create a giant house and make all of

827
00:45:39,480 --> 00:45:43,960
Speaker 2: the podcasters live there, podcasting Versailles and called.

828
00:45:43,800 --> 00:45:45,720
Speaker 1: The content It's called a content house.

829
00:45:46,040 --> 00:45:47,200
Speaker 2: It's called a content house.

830
00:45:47,239 --> 00:45:49,239
Speaker 4: And don't look up the suicide race.

831
00:45:49,600 --> 00:45:54,560
Speaker 2: Yeah no, that does sound like a nightmare. The pods

832
00:45:54,640 --> 00:45:56,719
Speaker 2: save guys are going to be poisoning each other to

833
00:45:56,800 --> 00:45:59,319
Speaker 2: get close. Like I said, Actually that part sounds rad

834
00:46:00,200 --> 00:46:06,719
Speaker 2: This sounds great. So we're yeah, I mean we've been back,

835
00:46:06,800 --> 00:46:10,640
Speaker 2: but Versailles had to downsize in its last year's right,

836
00:46:10,800 --> 00:46:14,480
Speaker 2: Louis the fourteenth is not doing as well at the

837
00:46:14,600 --> 00:46:16,760
Speaker 2: end of his reign as he had at beginning. Frances

838
00:46:16,840 --> 00:46:19,120
Speaker 2: broke and it will it will be in a kind

839
00:46:19,160 --> 00:46:22,759
Speaker 2: of semi constant state of being broke until you know,

840
00:46:22,920 --> 00:46:27,160
Speaker 2: Marie Antoinette and her husband get forced out. Right for

841
00:46:27,239 --> 00:46:29,960
Speaker 2: an idea of how of how fucked up things get.

842
00:46:30,160 --> 00:46:32,719
Speaker 2: At Versailles, at the height of the Sun King's power,

843
00:46:32,960 --> 00:46:38,000
Speaker 2: there had been fifteen hundred fountains at Versailles. Right by

844
00:46:38,040 --> 00:46:42,920
Speaker 2: the time of Marie Antoinette, there are only three hundred. Yeah, tragic,

845
00:46:43,040 --> 00:46:44,520
Speaker 2: It's tragic. You hate to see it.

846
00:46:46,200 --> 00:46:47,320
Speaker 3: I only have two hundred.

847
00:46:47,440 --> 00:46:51,200
Speaker 2: I mean that's yeah, it really is, you know, And

848
00:46:51,360 --> 00:46:53,960
Speaker 2: and I've been telling you you could, you'd need another

849
00:46:54,360 --> 00:46:59,960
Speaker 2: thirteen hundred fountains. I agree. Just fountain technology is advance

850
00:47:00,280 --> 00:47:05,680
Speaker 2: so much it is crazy versus this one palace for

851
00:47:05,760 --> 00:47:08,759
Speaker 2: the king had more fountains by a long shot than

852
00:47:08,840 --> 00:47:13,759
Speaker 2: Las Vegas, Nevada. Yeah, like, like way more fountains. How

853
00:47:13,840 --> 00:47:15,960
Speaker 2: big were they though? Some of them are pretty big.

854
00:47:16,760 --> 00:47:20,120
Speaker 2: They're pretty big, and they have to because the technology

855
00:47:20,200 --> 00:47:22,640
Speaker 2: is not as good and there's like getting enough water

856
00:47:22,800 --> 00:47:26,080
Speaker 2: is harder. They're having to constantly turn them on and

857
00:47:26,280 --> 00:47:29,640
Speaker 2: off as the King approaches different areas, so he doesn't

858
00:47:29,760 --> 00:47:32,320
Speaker 2: know that they're not on. And also just because like

859
00:47:32,400 --> 00:47:35,000
Speaker 2: you can't have them all functioning at once, there's too many.

860
00:47:35,239 --> 00:47:38,080
Speaker 2: So there's this whole network of like people running back

861
00:47:38,080 --> 00:47:39,719
Speaker 2: and forth. The King's going here, now, you gotta like

862
00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:42,200
Speaker 2: turn this one off, get the flow going to that one.

863
00:47:42,719 --> 00:47:45,000
Speaker 3: Right, there's a decent chance he had no idea that

864
00:47:45,120 --> 00:47:48,640
Speaker 3: any of this is happening, just like reality to him

865
00:47:48,880 --> 00:47:53,600
Speaker 3: must be complete, must have been completely insane. That's like

866
00:47:53,760 --> 00:47:56,480
Speaker 3: life fucking rocks. Yeah, I walk around, there's always fountains.

867
00:47:56,600 --> 00:47:59,359
Speaker 2: There's always fountains. Or he took a lot of joy

868
00:47:59,440 --> 00:48:02,320
Speaker 2: in the fact that everyone was like constantly working, and

869
00:48:02,400 --> 00:48:04,239
Speaker 2: he there was an extent to which he did want

870
00:48:04,360 --> 00:48:09,080
Speaker 2: everyone always obsessed with keeping him happy. Right, But it

871
00:48:09,200 --> 00:48:12,960
Speaker 2: is that also that's kind of that causes brain damage, right,

872
00:48:13,520 --> 00:48:17,719
Speaker 2: having being this separated from reality and this insulated from

873
00:48:17,840 --> 00:48:21,520
Speaker 2: everyone else and living in a situation like this, like

874
00:48:22,000 --> 00:48:25,520
Speaker 2: you would be hurting your head less by just standing

875
00:48:25,640 --> 00:48:28,480
Speaker 2: next to one hundred and fifty five millimeter howitzer while

876
00:48:28,520 --> 00:48:36,520
Speaker 2: it fires all day, right, like it's I cannot overemphasize

877
00:48:36,800 --> 00:48:39,719
Speaker 2: how bad this is for you, and how much this

878
00:48:39,920 --> 00:48:42,560
Speaker 2: affects his judgment making right.

879
00:48:42,800 --> 00:48:42,920
Speaker 4: Right.

880
00:48:43,040 --> 00:48:46,800
Speaker 2: He's also older, right, which means that he's not thinking

881
00:48:46,880 --> 00:48:49,279
Speaker 2: as clearly as he used to be. Maybe there's some

882
00:48:49,360 --> 00:48:53,520
Speaker 2: aminsha here too. He's sicker, but he makes a lot

883
00:48:53,560 --> 00:48:56,600
Speaker 2: of bad decisions, right, and he's aware of this to

884
00:48:56,719 --> 00:49:00,879
Speaker 2: some extent. His last words are generally reported as being

885
00:49:01,080 --> 00:49:04,120
Speaker 2: I have loved war too much, right, Like, he really

886
00:49:04,160 --> 00:49:06,200
Speaker 2: seems to regret, and that's what he passes on to

887
00:49:06,280 --> 00:49:10,200
Speaker 2: his successor, don't do as many wars as I did.

888
00:49:10,360 --> 00:49:13,440
Speaker 2: It ended badly, right, I got way too into war

889
00:49:14,040 --> 00:49:17,920
Speaker 2: and it really was great. We are broke now. I

890
00:49:18,040 --> 00:49:19,719
Speaker 2: had to melt down my furniture.

891
00:49:22,920 --> 00:49:26,920
Speaker 3: But also the furniture was made of fucking silver, a

892
00:49:27,000 --> 00:49:27,320
Speaker 3: lot of it.

893
00:49:27,440 --> 00:49:29,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, But the fun it's just a bunch of fucking

894
00:49:30,040 --> 00:49:34,320
Speaker 2: full metal. Yeah. Yeah, I think a lot of it's plated. Okay,

895
00:49:34,440 --> 00:49:36,320
Speaker 2: I'm sure a decent amount of it's silver plated, but

896
00:49:36,400 --> 00:49:38,279
Speaker 2: also not all of it. Right, he does have the

897
00:49:38,360 --> 00:49:42,960
Speaker 2: money for pure silver chairs and stuff, you know, the king, Yeah,

898
00:49:46,120 --> 00:49:49,759
Speaker 2: so good. And again this is one of kind of

899
00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:51,520
Speaker 2: like the I don't know if tragedy is the right

900
00:49:51,600 --> 00:49:53,680
Speaker 2: word but one of the things that is like unjust

901
00:49:53,760 --> 00:49:57,440
Speaker 2: here is that the last king in his line, Louis

902
00:49:57,520 --> 00:50:00,840
Speaker 2: the sixteenth, you know, Marie Antoinette's husband, is going to

903
00:50:00,920 --> 00:50:03,880
Speaker 2: be murdered in part as a result of this horrible

904
00:50:03,920 --> 00:50:06,400
Speaker 2: system of debt that gets started in the end of

905
00:50:06,440 --> 00:50:09,399
Speaker 2: the Sun King's reign. Louis the sixteenth hates war. He's

906
00:50:09,480 --> 00:50:11,200
Speaker 2: like the only one of these guys who is not

907
00:50:11,440 --> 00:50:15,480
Speaker 2: at all interested in starting wars. He does get involved

908
00:50:15,560 --> 00:50:19,040
Speaker 2: in the war that the US has right like our

909
00:50:19,120 --> 00:50:23,000
Speaker 2: War of Independence, but he's not like a warmonger in

910
00:50:23,080 --> 00:50:25,640
Speaker 2: the same way that his relatives had been, in part

911
00:50:25,719 --> 00:50:28,759
Speaker 2: because he sees where it takes the kingdom. But he's

912
00:50:28,840 --> 00:50:31,320
Speaker 2: ultimately going to pay with his head the price for

913
00:50:31,440 --> 00:50:34,560
Speaker 2: all of the warmongering that is his grandpa and great

914
00:50:34,600 --> 00:50:37,239
Speaker 2: grandpa and what not do nor his great grandpa and

915
00:50:37,280 --> 00:50:39,800
Speaker 2: I guess great great grandpa. It gets a little confusing

916
00:50:39,880 --> 00:50:43,680
Speaker 2: because since Louis this fourteenth had reigned for seventy two years,

917
00:50:44,160 --> 00:50:46,800
Speaker 2: he didn't have any kids that are alive, right, Like,

918
00:50:47,080 --> 00:50:50,399
Speaker 2: those fuckers all died a while ago, you know, Yeah,

919
00:50:51,320 --> 00:50:56,120
Speaker 2: they got poisoned or they got the fucking symholists or whatever. Yeah,

920
00:50:56,680 --> 00:51:00,600
Speaker 2: well he's he's got all. He's probably trickled. This really

921
00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:03,719
Speaker 2: stopped working right, right, and so it's going to be

922
00:51:03,880 --> 00:51:07,719
Speaker 2: his successor who becomes Louis the fifteenth, which, if you've

923
00:51:07,760 --> 00:51:10,320
Speaker 2: seen the Sophia Coppola Marie Antoinette movie, this is the

924
00:51:10,400 --> 00:51:14,960
Speaker 2: guy rip torn place. Okay, yeah, the second Louis. In

925
00:51:15,080 --> 00:51:18,279
Speaker 2: the Versailles line, there are only three kings during the

926
00:51:18,360 --> 00:51:22,320
Speaker 2: period of Versailles being the center of France, right the

927
00:51:22,440 --> 00:51:26,080
Speaker 2: Sun King, Louis the fifteenth and Louis the sixteenth, and

928
00:51:27,239 --> 00:51:29,800
Speaker 2: Louis the fourteenth had reigned so long that Louis the

929
00:51:29,920 --> 00:51:34,879
Speaker 2: fifteenth is his great grandson. He was five years old

930
00:51:35,000 --> 00:51:37,400
Speaker 2: when he was crowned the king, and this came as

931
00:51:37,440 --> 00:51:39,680
Speaker 2: a surprise. He was not expected up until kind of

932
00:51:39,719 --> 00:51:42,040
Speaker 2: the last moment that he would be the Delphine, and

933
00:51:42,320 --> 00:51:45,120
Speaker 2: Delphine is the French word for the prince that's going

934
00:51:45,200 --> 00:51:49,440
Speaker 2: to inherit being the king, right, that's the Delphine, So

935
00:51:50,400 --> 00:51:54,600
Speaker 2: this comes as a surprise. Other people are in line

936
00:51:54,680 --> 00:51:57,920
Speaker 2: to be the king before him up until the last minute,

937
00:51:58,040 --> 00:52:00,480
Speaker 2: right in the last five years of the Sun King's rain.

938
00:52:01,000 --> 00:52:04,040
Speaker 2: The Grand and Petite Dauphines which are the first and

939
00:52:04,160 --> 00:52:07,400
Speaker 2: second in line for the throne, both die of smallpox

940
00:52:07,480 --> 00:52:11,959
Speaker 2: and measles, respectively. Louis the Fifteenth's brother, who was also

941
00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:15,360
Speaker 2: ahead of him, becomes Dauphine, but then he gets measles,

942
00:52:16,160 --> 00:52:19,239
Speaker 2: and also the Louis the fifteenth gets measles too, right,

943
00:52:19,280 --> 00:52:21,800
Speaker 2: they both get mesles at the same time. His older

944
00:52:21,920 --> 00:52:26,520
Speaker 2: brother dies, he survives, and again, stories like this are

945
00:52:26,760 --> 00:52:30,320
Speaker 2: very common at Versailles in particular. That's not the only obviously,

946
00:52:30,960 --> 00:52:33,000
Speaker 2: it's a lot more common to die of sicknesses like

947
00:52:33,080 --> 00:52:35,720
Speaker 2: this and for them to sweep through families, even noble families,

948
00:52:35,800 --> 00:52:39,040
Speaker 2: all throughout Europe. But everyone, you've got three thousand people

949
00:52:39,120 --> 00:52:43,279
Speaker 2: living in one big house, disease spreads more readily, right, and.

950
00:52:43,320 --> 00:52:45,759
Speaker 3: A place where people probably hide their symptoms as well,

951
00:52:45,880 --> 00:52:47,399
Speaker 3: because they don't want the king to think.

952
00:52:47,480 --> 00:52:51,280
Speaker 2: Because the king gets angry if you're sick, yeah, because

953
00:52:51,320 --> 00:52:56,600
Speaker 2: it's yes, yes. So Louis the fifteenth ultimately becomes king

954
00:52:56,719 --> 00:53:00,359
Speaker 2: because every three other guys die in quick success over

955
00:53:00,360 --> 00:53:03,440
Speaker 2: the course of a couple of years, and the treatment

956
00:53:03,520 --> 00:53:05,759
Speaker 2: for measles that he and his brother both undergo is

957
00:53:05,840 --> 00:53:09,560
Speaker 2: blood letting, and that kills his brother. But he survives. Now,

958
00:53:09,880 --> 00:53:13,000
Speaker 2: in the Sun King's last days, he rewrote his will

959
00:53:13,120 --> 00:53:16,200
Speaker 2: to limit the next king's power and establish a regency

960
00:53:16,239 --> 00:53:18,400
Speaker 2: council because he knows that the next king is going

961
00:53:18,440 --> 00:53:22,000
Speaker 2: to be five, right, and he also knows it that's

962
00:53:22,080 --> 00:53:25,120
Speaker 2: the reason. Well, the bigger reason is that a five

963
00:53:25,200 --> 00:53:26,839
Speaker 2: year old can't be king. Yeah, he has to wait

964
00:53:26,840 --> 00:53:30,320
Speaker 2: till he's thirteen. But of course the kid's great uncle,

965
00:53:30,440 --> 00:53:33,359
Speaker 2: Philip the Second, the Duke of Orleon. He's the guy

966
00:53:33,400 --> 00:53:36,160
Speaker 2: who's supposed to be regent so ruling in the king's stead.

967
00:53:36,719 --> 00:53:39,560
Speaker 2: The Son King doesn't like the Duke of Orleon because

968
00:53:39,560 --> 00:53:41,360
Speaker 2: he's an atheist and a warmonger.

969
00:53:41,640 --> 00:53:41,759
Speaker 4: Right.

970
00:53:41,920 --> 00:53:45,319
Speaker 2: Oh okay, that's that's how the Sun King sees him, right,

971
00:53:45,760 --> 00:53:48,200
Speaker 2: And instead, the Son King wants his bastard son, the

972
00:53:48,280 --> 00:53:50,600
Speaker 2: Duke of Maine, to be the regent until Louis the

973
00:53:50,680 --> 00:53:52,800
Speaker 2: fifteenth is old enough to take up the job, so

974
00:53:52,920 --> 00:53:55,759
Speaker 2: he rewrites his will. But as soon as the Sun

975
00:53:55,840 --> 00:53:58,520
Speaker 2: King dies, Philip leads a coup in the wake of

976
00:53:58,600 --> 00:54:00,360
Speaker 2: the Sun King's death, and he goes go to the

977
00:54:00,440 --> 00:54:03,479
Speaker 2: Parliament of Paris, this which is again a legal body,

978
00:54:03,560 --> 00:54:05,680
Speaker 2: and he convinces them to a null parts of the

979
00:54:05,800 --> 00:54:09,360
Speaker 2: King's will. In exchange, he reaffirms what it's going to

980
00:54:09,400 --> 00:54:12,160
Speaker 2: be called the right of remonstrance, which is parliament's power

981
00:54:12,239 --> 00:54:14,279
Speaker 2: to challenge the king to say no if the King

982
00:54:14,360 --> 00:54:17,600
Speaker 2: says I want a new tax or something. Right, and

983
00:54:17,719 --> 00:54:20,279
Speaker 2: the fact that the Parliament gets this power back is

984
00:54:20,360 --> 00:54:22,719
Speaker 2: going to lead to a number of conflicts that become

985
00:54:22,800 --> 00:54:25,840
Speaker 2: contributing factors to the revolution. Right, and it's as a

986
00:54:25,880 --> 00:54:28,480
Speaker 2: result of these kind of court politics. Right, Philippe wants

987
00:54:28,560 --> 00:54:30,480
Speaker 2: to be the regent. He doesn't want this other guy

988
00:54:30,560 --> 00:54:34,560
Speaker 2: to be the regent. You know, after this, you know,

989
00:54:35,120 --> 00:54:37,440
Speaker 2: this whole mess with the will is sorted out. The

990
00:54:37,600 --> 00:54:40,640
Speaker 2: child King Louis the fifteenth has a normal childhood, you know,

991
00:54:40,760 --> 00:54:42,719
Speaker 2: by which I mean at age seven, he's given to

992
00:54:42,800 --> 00:54:45,840
Speaker 2: a seventy three year old general and taught military etiquette

993
00:54:45,840 --> 00:54:48,439
Speaker 2: and court etiquette. He learns how to ride and hunt,

994
00:54:48,680 --> 00:54:51,359
Speaker 2: while Philippe proved that the son king had been right

995
00:54:51,520 --> 00:54:54,400
Speaker 2: not to trust him. One of Philip's first big moves

996
00:54:54,560 --> 00:54:57,239
Speaker 2: is to make a Scottish economist named John Law the

997
00:54:57,320 --> 00:55:01,880
Speaker 2: Controller General of Finances, opens a private bank that becomes

998
00:55:01,960 --> 00:55:04,120
Speaker 2: one of the first banks in the world to issue

999
00:55:04,200 --> 00:55:09,239
Speaker 2: paper money, right, massive innovation. Unfortunately, the primary purpose of

1000
00:55:09,320 --> 00:55:12,320
Speaker 2: this bank is to take investments for the Mississippi Company,

1001
00:55:12,640 --> 00:55:16,760
Speaker 2: which meant to colonize Louisiana. And if you've been there recently,

1002
00:55:17,880 --> 00:55:20,480
Speaker 2: you know this didn't work out for the French, right,

1003
00:55:21,000 --> 00:55:24,280
Speaker 2: you know, New Orleans is pretty nice, but like, overall,

1004
00:55:24,560 --> 00:55:29,400
Speaker 2: they don't Louisiana doesn't become a great functional colony. And

1005
00:55:30,080 --> 00:55:32,520
Speaker 2: this is kind of like a Ponzi scheme of its

1006
00:55:32,640 --> 00:55:36,680
Speaker 2: day because it collapses. The plan collapses, which kills the

1007
00:55:36,840 --> 00:55:40,760
Speaker 2: national bank and bankrupts a huge chunk of the nobility

1008
00:55:40,800 --> 00:55:43,800
Speaker 2: who had invest it into it. Right, Oh God, Like,

1009
00:55:43,920 --> 00:55:46,920
Speaker 2: this is like a massive financial disaster of its day.

1010
00:55:47,360 --> 00:55:49,920
Speaker 2: So more of these guys go in debt to the crown,

1011
00:55:50,120 --> 00:55:52,680
Speaker 2: and the crown knows primarily how to help these guys.

1012
00:55:52,680 --> 00:55:55,000
Speaker 2: If you want to help these nobles who are close

1013
00:55:55,080 --> 00:55:58,480
Speaker 2: to the king rebuild their fortunes, your main way of

1014
00:55:58,600 --> 00:56:01,040
Speaker 2: doing that is to give them the right to tax

1015
00:56:01,400 --> 00:56:05,240
Speaker 2: certain areas. And there's only a limited number of these taxes.

1016
00:56:05,360 --> 00:56:08,560
Speaker 2: You have to create new ones, which means the recovery

1017
00:56:08,640 --> 00:56:10,520
Speaker 2: of these fortunes by the nobles is going to be

1018
00:56:10,600 --> 00:56:13,120
Speaker 2: born largely by the poor and the bourgeois. He right.

1019
00:56:13,680 --> 00:56:14,040
Speaker 4: Uh huh.

1020
00:56:14,680 --> 00:56:17,960
Speaker 2: Louis the fifteenth gets married to one of his cousins,

1021
00:56:18,440 --> 00:56:20,040
Speaker 2: Marianna Victoria of Spain.

1022
00:56:20,719 --> 00:56:20,839
Speaker 1: Uh.

1023
00:56:21,360 --> 00:56:25,399
Speaker 2: This is there's a there's a six year age gap.

1024
00:56:25,920 --> 00:56:31,640
Speaker 2: She's three and he's nine. Problematic, but not for either

1025
00:56:31,760 --> 00:56:35,719
Speaker 2: of them. They're not really in charge of this. There again,

1026
00:56:35,800 --> 00:56:37,440
Speaker 2: a six year old and a three year old or

1027
00:56:37,440 --> 00:56:41,680
Speaker 2: a nine year old a three year old. The bride

1028
00:56:41,880 --> 00:56:43,800
Speaker 2: is sent to the Louverra to live with her husband.

1029
00:56:44,480 --> 00:56:46,440
Speaker 2: But after about four years of this, the.

1030
00:56:46,760 --> 00:56:49,600
Speaker 3: Child pride to the child king.

1031
00:56:50,239 --> 00:56:53,040
Speaker 2: Then Philippe dies and she gets sent back home because

1032
00:56:53,040 --> 00:56:56,080
Speaker 2: she's not old enough to have kids. Thank god, there's

1033
00:56:56,160 --> 00:57:00,480
Speaker 2: that understanding. Seven year old's a little young to have children.

1034
00:57:01,160 --> 00:57:02,480
Speaker 3: But you know, it's fucking France.

1035
00:57:02,520 --> 00:57:05,279
Speaker 2: They were like thinking about it. They thought about it.

1036
00:57:05,440 --> 00:57:09,640
Speaker 2: Rack Benjie. Louis the fifteenth takes over ruling duties at

1037
00:57:09,719 --> 00:57:13,720
Speaker 2: age thirteen in June of seventeen twenty two. And again

1038
00:57:14,320 --> 00:57:17,120
Speaker 2: when we talk about the degree of complicity, by this point,

1039
00:57:17,600 --> 00:57:22,560
Speaker 2: Louis the fourteenth totally responsible for his actions. Louis the

1040
00:57:22,640 --> 00:57:25,240
Speaker 2: Fifteenth partially, but you have to do it. You do

1041
00:57:25,360 --> 00:57:27,800
Speaker 2: have to take into account this man becomes king at

1042
00:57:27,840 --> 00:57:32,400
Speaker 2: age thirteen, and again Marie Antoinette married at thirteen. Right,

1043
00:57:32,640 --> 00:57:36,040
Speaker 2: these are children being thrown into these roles, and to

1044
00:57:36,560 --> 00:57:39,360
Speaker 2: the head of this insane you are taking a thirteen

1045
00:57:39,440 --> 00:57:41,919
Speaker 2: year old and saying, hey, you are now the head

1046
00:57:42,080 --> 00:57:47,240
Speaker 2: of the most like, insidiously fucked up and mentally dominating

1047
00:57:47,360 --> 00:57:48,680
Speaker 2: cult that has ever existed.

1048
00:57:48,960 --> 00:57:52,760
Speaker 6: Built for someone else, built for someone else, good life,

1049
00:57:52,840 --> 00:57:56,080
Speaker 6: someone else when they were more sane than they are now,

1050
00:57:56,160 --> 00:57:58,480
Speaker 6: which they were not very sane before, but now they're

1051
00:57:58,560 --> 00:57:59,320
Speaker 6: really insane.

1052
00:57:59,440 --> 00:58:04,440
Speaker 2: This cold designed by like a once in a several

1053
00:58:04,560 --> 00:58:09,520
Speaker 2: generations political genius Twining who was a mature adult. Yes,

1054
00:58:10,520 --> 00:58:14,280
Speaker 2: good luck, good luck. So this thing that had Versai

1055
00:58:14,400 --> 00:58:17,680
Speaker 2: had initially been a way for him to exert control.

1056
00:58:18,280 --> 00:58:21,800
Speaker 2: By the time his successor takes over, the system is

1057
00:58:22,400 --> 00:58:26,720
Speaker 2: controlling the king as much as it's controlling the nobles. Right,

1058
00:58:27,760 --> 00:58:32,120
Speaker 2: they are no longer running things, because this increasingly arcane

1059
00:58:32,160 --> 00:58:35,720
Speaker 2: system of etiquette has taken on a life of its own,

1060
00:58:36,400 --> 00:58:38,920
Speaker 2: And so from the beginning Louis the fifteenth is as

1061
00:58:39,000 --> 00:58:41,320
Speaker 2: much a prisoner of the system as he is the

1062
00:58:41,400 --> 00:58:44,040
Speaker 2: guy at its head. For an idea of how cloying

1063
00:58:44,120 --> 00:58:45,960
Speaker 2: and total it could be. A treat is from seventeen

1064
00:58:46,040 --> 00:58:50,120
Speaker 2: twenty nine on napkin etiquette stated it is ungentlemanly to

1065
00:58:50,280 --> 00:58:53,200
Speaker 2: use a napkin for wiping the face or scraping the teeth,

1066
00:58:53,480 --> 00:58:56,360
Speaker 2: and a vulgar error to wipe one's nose with it.

1067
00:58:57,000 --> 00:58:59,880
Speaker 2: The same there do you do it? You just get

1068
00:58:59,960 --> 00:59:02,960
Speaker 2: it's a looking napkin, You just keep it.

1069
00:59:04,160 --> 00:59:04,360
Speaker 6: Yeah.

1070
00:59:05,120 --> 00:59:07,920
Speaker 2: The same treatise went on to insist the person of

1071
00:59:08,120 --> 00:59:11,240
Speaker 2: highest rank in the company should unfold his napkin first,

1072
00:59:11,600 --> 00:59:14,040
Speaker 2: all others waiting until he has done so before they

1073
00:59:14,200 --> 00:59:17,640
Speaker 2: unfold theirs. When all of those present are social equals,

1074
00:59:18,000 --> 00:59:21,000
Speaker 2: all unfold together with no ceremony.

1075
00:59:24,480 --> 00:59:25,720
Speaker 3: For this useless napkin.

1076
00:59:26,480 --> 00:59:31,600
Speaker 2: For a napkin, there's books written on napkins sick. Every

1077
00:59:31,760 --> 00:59:34,840
Speaker 2: night includes a grand dinner, which is a public event.

1078
00:59:35,160 --> 00:59:37,840
Speaker 2: Anyone who is at Versailles can show up and watch

1079
00:59:37,960 --> 00:59:40,480
Speaker 2: the dinner, but it's only public in the sense that

1080
00:59:40,560 --> 00:59:43,640
Speaker 2: the public can watch. Only the royal family gets to

1081
00:59:43,680 --> 00:59:46,800
Speaker 2: sit and eat. Right, and based on your rank, if

1082
00:59:46,840 --> 00:59:51,120
Speaker 2: you're a duchess or a princess or someone similarly high ranking,

1083
00:59:51,440 --> 00:59:54,160
Speaker 2: you might get to sit at a stool. Right, Okay,

1084
00:59:54,360 --> 00:59:57,600
Speaker 2: everyone else has to stand. The king is the only

1085
00:59:57,680 --> 01:00:00,800
Speaker 2: one who gets a chair with armrests, I think is why.

1086
01:00:00,840 --> 01:00:02,880
Speaker 2: I think the king and queen both get armrests in

1087
01:00:02,920 --> 01:00:06,040
Speaker 2: their chairs, and if another king is visiting, he gets

1088
01:00:06,080 --> 01:00:09,840
Speaker 2: a chair with armrests. Right, Although this is complicated because

1089
01:00:09,840 --> 01:00:13,200
Speaker 2: of all of this etiquette, Like you can if you're

1090
01:00:13,240 --> 01:00:17,919
Speaker 2: in a room with a bunch of people, only people

1091
01:00:18,000 --> 01:00:21,680
Speaker 2: can only start conversations with someone who is an equal

1092
01:00:21,760 --> 01:00:25,040
Speaker 2: or lower rank to them, so talking about anything is

1093
01:00:25,120 --> 01:00:29,880
Speaker 2: really fucked up. And generally when kings visit, When kings

1094
01:00:29,920 --> 01:00:33,640
Speaker 2: and queens visit, they visit incognito, which is they pretend

1095
01:00:33,840 --> 01:00:37,640
Speaker 2: to not be the King of Russia or Prussia or wherever.

1096
01:00:38,120 --> 01:00:40,520
Speaker 2: They pretend to be just another random nobleman with a

1097
01:00:40,560 --> 01:00:43,400
Speaker 2: fake name, because then they don't have to deal with

1098
01:00:43,680 --> 01:00:46,520
Speaker 2: all of this etiquette. Because usually if you're a king

1099
01:00:46,520 --> 01:00:48,560
Speaker 2: who's heading there, you're heading there to handle some very

1100
01:00:48,680 --> 01:00:51,400
Speaker 2: serious state business and you don't have the time to

1101
01:00:51,520 --> 01:00:54,120
Speaker 2: deal with all this bullshit, so you just lie and

1102
01:00:54,240 --> 01:00:57,120
Speaker 2: say you're someone else and everyone knows. But then we

1103
01:00:57,200 --> 01:00:59,280
Speaker 2: don't have to do as much of the bullshit.

1104
01:00:59,520 --> 01:01:03,440
Speaker 3: Right, But who decides who the social hierarcky or is

1105
01:01:03,520 --> 01:01:04,360
Speaker 3: this arbitrary.

1106
01:01:04,960 --> 01:01:07,400
Speaker 2: It's been decided over the course of years. So I

1107
01:01:07,480 --> 01:01:09,040
Speaker 2: mean again, a lot of this comes out of the

1108
01:01:09,240 --> 01:01:13,280
Speaker 2: earlier feudal system, right, but you have princes and princesses

1109
01:01:13,320 --> 01:01:15,840
Speaker 2: of the blood which you're above, you know, these kind

1110
01:01:15,840 --> 01:01:17,960
Speaker 2: of lower ranking nobles, and you've got this.

1111
01:01:18,040 --> 01:01:22,040
Speaker 3: Whole everyone insane. Hi, every single person there is just

1112
01:01:22,200 --> 01:01:23,640
Speaker 3: experiencing psyches.

1113
01:01:24,160 --> 01:01:27,800
Speaker 2: Yes, old times people are people are constantly like it's this,

1114
01:01:28,320 --> 01:01:30,920
Speaker 2: It's this maddening thing. Like if you are if you

1115
01:01:31,000 --> 01:01:33,480
Speaker 2: are handing the and this happens if you're handing the

1116
01:01:33,560 --> 01:01:35,640
Speaker 2: king or the queen. If you're the highest ranking guy

1117
01:01:35,680 --> 01:01:37,640
Speaker 2: in the room, when they wake up and you're handing

1118
01:01:37,720 --> 01:01:40,640
Speaker 2: them their shirt and someone else walks in who is

1119
01:01:40,680 --> 01:01:43,240
Speaker 2: of an equal or higher rank, you have to stop

1120
01:01:43,680 --> 01:01:46,440
Speaker 2: and give the shirt to them. There's a at one

1121
01:01:46,480 --> 01:01:49,000
Speaker 2: point when Marie Antoinette is like new to the palace.

1122
01:01:49,320 --> 01:01:51,040
Speaker 2: This happens like four or five times in a row,

1123
01:01:51,120 --> 01:01:54,400
Speaker 2: and she's just standing there naked in the freezing cold, like,

1124
01:01:54,640 --> 01:01:56,880
Speaker 2: for the love of God, somebody please give me clothes,

1125
01:01:57,560 --> 01:02:00,560
Speaker 2: you know, like that that's an actual thing that happens.

1126
01:02:00,640 --> 01:02:03,760
Speaker 2: Oh no, another guy walked in. Another lady walked in. No, no, no,

1127
01:02:03,920 --> 01:02:06,520
Speaker 2: she gets the shirt. Now, look, we literally you are

1128
01:02:06,600 --> 01:02:09,240
Speaker 2: not allowed as the king, like by this point, if

1129
01:02:09,240 --> 01:02:11,680
Speaker 2: you're the king and the queen, you are an absolute

1130
01:02:11,760 --> 01:02:14,240
Speaker 2: monarch and you are literally not allowed to touch your

1131
01:02:14,280 --> 01:02:18,600
Speaker 2: own shirt because that would be this hideous violation of

1132
01:02:18,640 --> 01:02:22,680
Speaker 2: etiquette that would like upset this very intricate social system

1133
01:02:22,760 --> 01:02:25,800
Speaker 2: that everyone is reliant too. And the fear was that

1134
01:02:25,840 --> 01:02:28,040
Speaker 2: if you break any of these protocol everything kind of

1135
01:02:28,680 --> 01:02:31,880
Speaker 2: everything collapses. Right, that's exactly it, right.

1136
01:02:32,040 --> 01:02:33,919
Speaker 3: The most expensive cultival time.

1137
01:02:34,120 --> 01:02:37,600
Speaker 2: It's such a stupid system. It's so fucking funny, it's

1138
01:02:38,320 --> 01:02:42,760
Speaker 2: it's really funny and dumb. So doors could not be

1139
01:02:42,920 --> 01:02:45,440
Speaker 2: knocked on, right, You can't knock on a door because

1140
01:02:45,680 --> 01:02:48,800
Speaker 2: the sun King was annoyed by knocking. And so again

1141
01:02:48,920 --> 01:02:52,800
Speaker 2: another of intricate etiquette revolves around how you let someone

1142
01:02:52,920 --> 01:02:55,680
Speaker 2: know you're at the door, because you also can't open doors.

1143
01:02:55,960 --> 01:02:59,840
Speaker 2: Only courtiers can open only like like staff can open doors, basically, right,

1144
01:03:00,120 --> 01:03:02,160
Speaker 2: no one else can open So you're you're not opening

1145
01:03:02,200 --> 01:03:04,520
Speaker 2: any doors. If you want to get in, you have

1146
01:03:04,680 --> 01:03:08,280
Speaker 2: to scratch the door with your left little finger and

1147
01:03:08,400 --> 01:03:12,200
Speaker 2: you're right now, you're right. Courtiers start growing this left

1148
01:03:12,280 --> 01:03:15,600
Speaker 2: fingernail out like the left lower little fingernail out like

1149
01:03:15,680 --> 01:03:19,080
Speaker 2: a coke nail, so that they can more effectively scratch

1150
01:03:19,200 --> 01:03:22,960
Speaker 2: the door to get whatever Lewis is reigning's attention at

1151
01:03:23,000 --> 01:03:27,000
Speaker 2: the time. Just like a little like a talon, like

1152
01:03:27,120 --> 01:03:29,400
Speaker 2: a towel. You got a little towel, You got a cokenail,

1153
01:03:29,920 --> 01:03:36,480
Speaker 2: the king's expression, yeah, lovely. Etiquette enthusiast and Etiquette Apedia

1154
01:03:36,680 --> 01:03:40,640
Speaker 2: editor Marra Graber lays out how absolutely claustrophobic the system

1155
01:03:40,840 --> 01:03:44,000
Speaker 2: was by Louis the fifteenth reign quote. At the palace,

1156
01:03:44,080 --> 01:03:47,040
Speaker 2: the courtiers lived under the despotic surveillance of the king,

1157
01:03:47,200 --> 01:03:50,000
Speaker 2: and upon their good behavior, their deference, and their observance

1158
01:03:50,040 --> 01:03:53,760
Speaker 2: of etiquette, their whole careers depended. If you displeased a Louis,

1159
01:03:54,000 --> 01:03:57,240
Speaker 2: he would simply not see you the following day, his

1160
01:03:57,400 --> 01:03:59,640
Speaker 2: gaze would pass over you as he surveyed the people

1161
01:03:59,640 --> 01:04:02,240
Speaker 2: before him, and not being seen by the King was

1162
01:04:02,280 --> 01:04:06,480
Speaker 2: tantamount to ceasing to count. At Versailles, a whole timetable

1163
01:04:06,560 --> 01:04:09,240
Speaker 2: of ceremonies followed, much of it revolving around the King's

1164
01:04:09,240 --> 01:04:12,360
Speaker 2: own person. Intimacy with Louis meant power and power was

1165
01:04:12,360 --> 01:04:15,560
Speaker 2: symbolically expressed and attending to certain of the king's most

1166
01:04:15,600 --> 01:04:18,760
Speaker 2: private and physical needs, handing him his stockings to put

1167
01:04:18,800 --> 01:04:20,880
Speaker 2: on in the morning, being present as he used like

1168
01:04:20,960 --> 01:04:24,000
Speaker 2: the bathroom, right rushing when the signal sounded, to be

1169
01:04:24,080 --> 01:04:26,840
Speaker 2: present as he got ready for bed. It mattered desperately.

1170
01:04:26,920 --> 01:04:29,280
Speaker 2: What closeness did the king allowed you, whether he spoke

1171
01:04:29,320 --> 01:04:31,320
Speaker 2: to you in front of whom, and for how long.

1172
01:04:31,840 --> 01:04:34,160
Speaker 2: The point about Versailles was that there was no escape.

1173
01:04:34,440 --> 01:04:36,600
Speaker 2: The courtiers had to make it where they were. The

1174
01:04:36,680 --> 01:04:39,720
Speaker 2: stage was the Louis, and the rules and the roles

1175
01:04:39,720 --> 01:04:42,040
Speaker 2: that could be played were designed by him. It was

1176
01:04:42,120 --> 01:04:44,560
Speaker 2: up to each courtier to fit him or herself into

1177
01:04:44,640 --> 01:04:46,960
Speaker 2: one of the slots provided. The leaders of all the

1178
01:04:47,000 --> 01:04:49,440
Speaker 2: other towns and villages of France were made largely through

1179
01:04:49,480 --> 01:04:52,320
Speaker 2: the use of etiquette, and more specifically through rudeness and

1180
01:04:52,440 --> 01:04:56,600
Speaker 2: judicious sliding by the tax collecting intendants to feel their subordination,

1181
01:04:56,880 --> 01:05:02,080
Speaker 2: their distance from the court. That's a good system of government.

1182
01:05:02,400 --> 01:05:05,160
Speaker 3: Yeah sounds it feels like you just live in this

1183
01:05:05,440 --> 01:05:08,120
Speaker 3: constant state of paranoia. It reminds me of like the

1184
01:05:08,480 --> 01:05:13,240
Speaker 3: death of Stalin as well. Yes, just like apologizing to

1185
01:05:13,360 --> 01:05:15,840
Speaker 3: people or like not apologizing because that emits guiled.

1186
01:05:16,520 --> 01:05:20,080
Speaker 2: Whenever you have an absolute monarchy, right and again, you

1187
01:05:20,120 --> 01:05:24,320
Speaker 2: know Stalin Stalin's Russia isn't technically a monarchy, but it's

1188
01:05:24,400 --> 01:05:26,880
Speaker 2: you've got it's an absolute dictatorship that they're all more

1189
01:05:26,960 --> 01:05:29,480
Speaker 2: similar than they all are different. And anytime you have

1190
01:05:29,560 --> 01:05:33,080
Speaker 2: one that's this absolute, it it's it is a cult

1191
01:05:33,280 --> 01:05:37,600
Speaker 2: at the top, right, Yeah, because everything surrounding the ruler

1192
01:05:38,680 --> 01:05:42,240
Speaker 2: has to be both an altered reality, because there's certain

1193
01:05:42,280 --> 01:05:44,880
Speaker 2: things he refuses to see and does not have to

1194
01:05:44,920 --> 01:05:49,400
Speaker 2: be aware of. Right, Yeah, it's pretty good. I'm glad

1195
01:05:49,440 --> 01:05:52,120
Speaker 2: that doesn't happen now to people like, for example, the

1196
01:05:52,240 --> 01:05:56,800
Speaker 2: president or billionaires. I'm glad billionaires don't also live in

1197
01:05:56,880 --> 01:06:00,320
Speaker 2: their own functionally isolated realities where they they have no

1198
01:06:00,440 --> 01:06:03,080
Speaker 2: real contact with the world and no one ever argues

1199
01:06:03,160 --> 01:06:05,080
Speaker 2: them with them or tells them their ideas are bad,

1200
01:06:05,440 --> 01:06:08,240
Speaker 2: and every moment of their lives is them getting exactly

1201
01:06:08,320 --> 01:06:11,120
Speaker 2: what they want at any given moment. That obviously does

1202
01:06:11,200 --> 01:06:13,480
Speaker 2: not cause them the kind of brain damage that all

1203
01:06:13,560 --> 01:06:15,920
Speaker 2: of the kings of France got before the Revolution of

1204
01:06:15,960 --> 01:06:16,920
Speaker 2: seventeen eighty nine.

1205
01:06:17,520 --> 01:06:20,240
Speaker 3: Yeah, of course, I mean what I'm like, totally differ

1206
01:06:20,360 --> 01:06:22,760
Speaker 3: So don't have like CEOs of public companies like this.

1207
01:06:23,280 --> 01:06:26,120
Speaker 2: No, just like bench capitalist. This doesn't happen to every

1208
01:06:26,280 --> 01:06:29,280
Speaker 2: rich guy. Right, every rich guy doesn't have his own Versailles.

1209
01:06:29,480 --> 01:06:32,920
Speaker 2: You know that would be crazy. They wish it, almost

1210
01:06:33,040 --> 01:06:37,560
Speaker 2: wishes they'd all be insane. Anyway, let's read about the

1211
01:06:37,640 --> 01:06:41,840
Speaker 2: town in Texas he owns now? Anyway? Yeah, school or

1212
01:06:41,920 --> 01:06:45,480
Speaker 2: the school. Now. The one method that out of favor

1213
01:06:45,680 --> 01:06:48,400
Speaker 2: or distant nobles and wealthy business owners had of getting

1214
01:06:48,440 --> 01:06:51,000
Speaker 2: the King's attention outside of cutting through this Gordian out

1215
01:06:51,040 --> 01:06:54,440
Speaker 2: of palace etiquette, was to get a story true or libelous,

1216
01:06:54,560 --> 01:06:58,280
Speaker 2: to go viral among the popular media. I talk right,

1217
01:06:59,080 --> 01:07:03,640
Speaker 2: I talked post Yeah, they're posters. Yeah. As time went on,

1218
01:07:04,200 --> 01:07:06,920
Speaker 2: when more nobles, certain nobles start hosting, some of them

1219
01:07:06,960 --> 01:07:11,200
Speaker 2: host printing presses, others host basically bookstores for these libels.

1220
01:07:11,520 --> 01:07:15,640
Speaker 2: These books that are like unauthorized biographies of the king

1221
01:07:15,920 --> 01:07:18,680
Speaker 2: or his minister or his mistress. Right, and these are

1222
01:07:18,760 --> 01:07:21,800
Speaker 2: full sized books, but they're usually take it. They're cobbled

1223
01:07:21,840 --> 01:07:24,440
Speaker 2: together from day's worth of notes like taken at the

1224
01:07:24,480 --> 01:07:27,760
Speaker 2: Tree of Crackou and from reports sent on the sly

1225
01:07:27,920 --> 01:07:30,760
Speaker 2: By Versailles regulars. Right, people will compile these all into

1226
01:07:30,880 --> 01:07:34,120
Speaker 2: books that are like you know that guy, what's his name,

1227
01:07:35,160 --> 01:07:37,680
Speaker 2: the dude who's written like a couple of books about

1228
01:07:37,760 --> 01:07:42,840
Speaker 2: the inside of the Trump administration, Michael Wolf. Yes, that's

1229
01:07:43,040 --> 01:07:46,840
Speaker 2: he's doing labels right where some of what sent them's true,

1230
01:07:46,960 --> 01:07:49,400
Speaker 2: some of what's in them bullshit, nobody ever really knows.

1231
01:07:49,840 --> 01:07:52,320
Speaker 2: But they're these books that are meant to be slanderous

1232
01:07:52,400 --> 01:07:55,760
Speaker 2: and popular among the masses by giving you, like the

1233
01:07:55,920 --> 01:07:59,760
Speaker 2: gory details from inside in the lives of these people

1234
01:07:59,760 --> 01:08:02,840
Speaker 2: who are of all the power, right, and these are

1235
01:08:02,880 --> 01:08:07,200
Speaker 2: illegal to be sold in France, but certain nobles who

1236
01:08:07,200 --> 01:08:10,640
Speaker 2: have big properties in France will let people sell books

1237
01:08:10,760 --> 01:08:14,120
Speaker 2: or newsletters there and then the police can't raid them, right,

1238
01:08:14,280 --> 01:08:20,400
Speaker 2: because that's the Duke's house or whatever. Effectively, so the

1239
01:08:20,520 --> 01:08:22,400
Speaker 2: other major thing that I haven't talked about yet that

1240
01:08:22,560 --> 01:08:25,760
Speaker 2: is honestly maybe the number one way in which a

1241
01:08:25,840 --> 01:08:28,640
Speaker 2: lot of gossip gets out. And this is again it's

1242
01:08:28,720 --> 01:08:33,320
Speaker 2: effectively like we've talked about, how like the salons and stuff,

1243
01:08:33,400 --> 01:08:35,960
Speaker 2: these cafes where we will take their notes from you know,

1244
01:08:36,120 --> 01:08:40,920
Speaker 2: the morning newsmonger speeches. That's like Twitter and Facebook, the

1245
01:08:41,080 --> 01:08:45,760
Speaker 2: TikTok of the day, the songs popular songs. There's a

1246
01:08:45,840 --> 01:08:48,560
Speaker 2: couple of there's a dozen or more different melodies that

1247
01:08:48,680 --> 01:08:51,960
Speaker 2: people regularly just rewrite new lyrics for, And so everybody

1248
01:08:52,080 --> 01:08:55,599
Speaker 2: knows all these melodies, and on a daily basis new

1249
01:08:55,960 --> 01:08:58,400
Speaker 2: versions of the song. You'll hear someone singing it at

1250
01:08:58,439 --> 01:09:00,840
Speaker 2: the market, You'll start sing it. They'll go viral among

1251
01:09:00,920 --> 01:09:03,559
Speaker 2: the whole city, and a lot of gossip and news

1252
01:09:03,640 --> 01:09:05,600
Speaker 2: gets out this way. This is again effectively like the

1253
01:09:05,720 --> 01:09:09,439
Speaker 2: TikTok of its day. One explanation at the time, this

1254
01:09:09,560 --> 01:09:12,200
Speaker 2: is a contemporary writer talking about this kind of weird

1255
01:09:12,280 --> 01:09:15,800
Speaker 2: musical culture in Paris described it this way. A dastardly

1256
01:09:15,920 --> 01:09:19,599
Speaker 2: courtier puts them slanderous rumors into rhyming couplets, and by

1257
01:09:19,680 --> 01:09:22,559
Speaker 2: means of lowly servants, has then planted in market stalls

1258
01:09:22,600 --> 01:09:25,639
Speaker 2: and street stands. From the markets there passed on to artisans,

1259
01:09:25,640 --> 01:09:27,640
Speaker 2: who in turn relay them back to the nobleman who

1260
01:09:27,680 --> 01:09:30,439
Speaker 2: had composed them, and who, without losing a moment, take

1261
01:09:30,520 --> 01:09:34,160
Speaker 2: off for a meeting place in the Palace of Versailles

1262
01:09:34,400 --> 01:09:37,200
Speaker 2: and whisper to one another in a tone of consummate hypocrisy.

1263
01:09:37,520 --> 01:09:38,160
Speaker 2: Have you read them?

1264
01:09:38,360 --> 01:09:38,519
Speaker 3: Here?

1265
01:09:38,600 --> 01:09:41,439
Speaker 2: They are They're circulating among the common people of Paris.

1266
01:09:43,439 --> 01:09:44,760
Speaker 2: Know this is not just song, but a lot of

1267
01:09:44,800 --> 01:09:47,519
Speaker 2: it does come in the form of like these rhyming

1268
01:09:47,600 --> 01:09:51,360
Speaker 2: little couplets. Right now. In Louis the fifteenth reign, the

1269
01:09:51,400 --> 01:09:56,120
Speaker 2: most popular of these songs, gossip songs, were about his mistresses,

1270
01:09:56,600 --> 01:09:58,519
Speaker 2: because he was the kind of king who was seen

1271
01:09:58,600 --> 01:10:00,960
Speaker 2: by his wife as little as possible, and by the

1272
01:10:01,040 --> 01:10:06,160
Speaker 2: mid seventeen hundreds this had reached a fever pitch of unpopularity. Again,

1273
01:10:06,320 --> 01:10:10,120
Speaker 2: anknown adulterer couldn't receive the sacrament, and when the king

1274
01:10:10,200 --> 01:10:13,519
Speaker 2: got seriously ill, which happened with some regularity given how

1275
01:10:13,800 --> 01:10:16,800
Speaker 2: disease spread at Versailles, he would have to dismiss his

1276
01:10:17,000 --> 01:10:20,240
Speaker 2: mistress in order to take communion. Right this happened in

1277
01:10:20,320 --> 01:10:24,200
Speaker 2: seventeen forty four, and when it's generally accepted, you dismiss

1278
01:10:24,240 --> 01:10:26,320
Speaker 2: your mistress, then you're good with God again. You can

1279
01:10:26,360 --> 01:10:28,439
Speaker 2: go to heaven if you die. But if you dismiss

1280
01:10:28,479 --> 01:10:31,240
Speaker 2: her and you get better, you're not supposed to take

1281
01:10:31,280 --> 01:10:34,640
Speaker 2: her back. Right at most, you're supposed to find a

1282
01:10:34,760 --> 01:10:38,280
Speaker 2: new mistress. But Louis the fifteenth got really attached to

1283
01:10:38,360 --> 01:10:40,920
Speaker 2: his mistresses, and so he takes this lady back, and

1284
01:10:41,040 --> 01:10:44,559
Speaker 2: that scandalizes the people, and it pisses off the church.

1285
01:10:45,080 --> 01:10:47,000
Speaker 2: And the big part of why people are pissed about

1286
01:10:47,040 --> 01:10:49,200
Speaker 2: this is that they see this as having a major

1287
01:10:49,280 --> 01:10:53,880
Speaker 2: impact on public health, because it's this very fun belief.

1288
01:10:53,920 --> 01:10:58,600
Speaker 2: At the time, it was widely believed that when he

1289
01:10:58,880 --> 01:11:03,679
Speaker 2: was made the king, the king gained the magical power

1290
01:11:03,800 --> 01:11:06,720
Speaker 2: that was known as the royal touch, right, And so

1291
01:11:06,880 --> 01:11:10,360
Speaker 2: a king, by touching you could cure what was called

1292
01:11:10,400 --> 01:11:14,960
Speaker 2: the king's disease, which was scrofula. Now scrofula is a

1293
01:11:15,040 --> 01:11:17,800
Speaker 2: kind of tuberculosis, right, and it's a kind of thing

1294
01:11:17,840 --> 01:11:19,680
Speaker 2: that spreads a lot in society where people don't wash

1295
01:11:19,680 --> 01:11:22,640
Speaker 2: their fucking hands. And the understanding is that when the

1296
01:11:22,720 --> 01:11:25,760
Speaker 2: king ascends, he gets the power to cure scrofula by

1297
01:11:25,840 --> 01:11:29,400
Speaker 2: touching people, but he loses it if God's not happy

1298
01:11:29,479 --> 01:11:33,200
Speaker 2: with him, right. And the practical issue here is that

1299
01:11:33,800 --> 01:11:37,160
Speaker 2: once a year at Eastern mass the king would go

1300
01:11:37,400 --> 01:11:40,840
Speaker 2: to Paris and a huge all of everyone with scrofula

1301
01:11:40,920 --> 01:11:43,960
Speaker 2: would line up and he would touch them all, right,

1302
01:11:44,640 --> 01:11:48,040
Speaker 2: And obviously this presents there's some danger of the king

1303
01:11:48,120 --> 01:11:51,960
Speaker 2: getting sick from this, right, But this also provides them

1304
01:11:52,000 --> 01:11:54,559
Speaker 2: with a degree of safety because every year a huge

1305
01:11:54,680 --> 01:11:58,639
Speaker 2: number of like the poor people in Paris make direct

1306
01:11:58,840 --> 01:12:01,840
Speaker 2: contact with the king in a way where they see

1307
01:12:01,960 --> 01:12:05,479
Speaker 2: him as saving them. Can you think of how that

1308
01:12:05,760 --> 01:12:07,320
Speaker 2: protect the king from the mob?

1309
01:12:07,880 --> 01:12:12,960
Speaker 3: Right, regardless whether they're actually here healed of their scropula

1310
01:12:13,720 --> 01:12:14,400
Speaker 3: or whatever, like.

1311
01:12:14,960 --> 01:12:17,439
Speaker 2: That matters less than everyone sees the king is a

1312
01:12:17,479 --> 01:12:21,519
Speaker 2: part of our public health system. And also he is

1313
01:12:21,560 --> 01:12:24,360
Speaker 2: coming on he helps me directly. I'm not going to

1314
01:12:24,479 --> 01:12:28,519
Speaker 2: murder the king, you know, why would I do that? Right?

1315
01:12:29,080 --> 01:12:33,040
Speaker 2: But Louis the fifteenth loses this power, and so he

1316
01:12:33,160 --> 01:12:36,560
Speaker 2: stops going to these eastern masses and touching people, and

1317
01:12:36,720 --> 01:12:40,799
Speaker 2: it cuts off a very important connection between the crowned

1318
01:12:41,280 --> 01:12:44,840
Speaker 2: line and the masses in Paris. Right, this is going

1319
01:12:44,880 --> 01:12:48,080
Speaker 2: to contribute to revolutionary conditions. Again, all these are just

1320
01:12:48,160 --> 01:12:51,120
Speaker 2: like pieces of why this happens. But the fact that

1321
01:12:51,200 --> 01:12:55,680
Speaker 2: the king is under Louis the fifteenth, what contact the king?

1322
01:12:55,840 --> 01:12:59,160
Speaker 2: You know, Louis the fourteenth already had reduced significantly. By

1323
01:12:59,240 --> 01:13:03,559
Speaker 2: moving out of pair Ris, the King's contact with regular people.

1324
01:13:04,040 --> 01:13:07,479
Speaker 2: Louis the fifteenth cuts off one of the last vestiges

1325
01:13:07,520 --> 01:13:10,040
Speaker 2: of that because he won't stop fucking his mistresses and

1326
01:13:10,080 --> 01:13:12,880
Speaker 2: he gets canceled by the church. Another issue is that

1327
01:13:13,439 --> 01:13:16,240
Speaker 2: the church threatens to take away because he won't stop

1328
01:13:16,320 --> 01:13:19,280
Speaker 2: fucking his mistresses. The church threatens to take away the

1329
01:13:19,400 --> 01:13:23,080
Speaker 2: Jubilee in seventeen fifty every twenty five years, the church

1330
01:13:23,120 --> 01:13:26,519
Speaker 2: would forgive everyone in France's sins, right, so you don't

1331
01:13:26,520 --> 01:13:28,040
Speaker 2: have to pay, You don't have to It's like a

1332
01:13:28,160 --> 01:13:31,960
Speaker 2: big deal, right, and the king of it. They don't

1333
01:13:32,040 --> 01:13:34,360
Speaker 2: ultimately go through with this. The church, the king is

1334
01:13:34,400 --> 01:13:36,479
Speaker 2: able to lean on them, but for a long time,

1335
01:13:36,520 --> 01:13:39,880
Speaker 2: everyone thinks that the King has cost them the Jubilee

1336
01:13:40,040 --> 01:13:42,320
Speaker 2: because he can't keep his dick in his pants. And

1337
01:13:42,439 --> 01:13:47,559
Speaker 2: that makes them very angry, right right, Like this isn't

1338
01:13:47,680 --> 01:13:51,839
Speaker 2: just them being judgmental. They are seeing significant public health costs.

1339
01:13:51,920 --> 01:13:55,120
Speaker 2: That's how we're going to hell. People are gonna go

1340
01:13:55,160 --> 01:13:59,120
Speaker 2: to hell over here, man, what the fuck? And the

1341
01:13:59,200 --> 01:14:03,519
Speaker 2: popular media goes nuts about this rumor. As Robert Darton writes,

1342
01:14:04,080 --> 01:14:07,240
Speaker 2: one novelist published a letter from a correspondent who vilified

1343
01:14:07,320 --> 01:14:09,880
Speaker 2: Louis for depriving his people of the jubilee. It is

1344
01:14:10,080 --> 01:14:12,560
Speaker 2: monstrous that all of French should be deprived of it

1345
01:14:12,640 --> 01:14:14,560
Speaker 2: because the king, by his own fault, is not in

1346
01:14:14,640 --> 01:14:17,879
Speaker 2: a state of to receive this grace. The general resentment

1347
01:14:17,960 --> 01:14:21,519
Speaker 2: was expressed by some of the crudest poems Lewis the

1348
01:14:21,600 --> 01:14:25,320
Speaker 2: Badly Loved, make your Jubilee, give up your whoreor Madame

1349
01:14:25,439 --> 01:14:31,160
Speaker 2: le pompadour and give us bread. Oh this is one

1350
01:14:31,200 --> 01:14:34,200
Speaker 2: of those songs, right, it sounds better in the original French,

1351
01:14:34,600 --> 01:14:36,800
Speaker 2: but not when I say it. Yeah, no, and you

1352
01:14:37,040 --> 01:14:40,080
Speaker 2: don't have the French. I don't have the French gene. No,

1353
01:14:40,720 --> 01:14:44,559
Speaker 2: but yeah, this is like popular songs. Honestly, they're like, yeah,

1354
01:14:44,680 --> 01:14:46,760
Speaker 2: I describe it as TikTok. You might even describe it

1355
01:14:46,800 --> 01:14:48,760
Speaker 2: as like punk rock in the eighties, right, these like

1356
01:14:48,960 --> 01:14:51,759
Speaker 2: songs people are singing about this kind of criticizing power.

1357
01:14:51,880 --> 01:14:54,080
Speaker 3: It is very culturally, very cool that there's like this

1358
01:14:54,200 --> 01:14:56,799
Speaker 3: weird like cottage journalism industry and this weird.

1359
01:14:56,640 --> 01:15:00,760
Speaker 2: Like this this trash shit. Yeah, this is It is

1360
01:15:00,840 --> 01:15:03,240
Speaker 2: interesting that you can almost look at this as like

1361
01:15:03,280 --> 01:15:06,760
Speaker 2: a common point of origin for like journalism, hip hop,

1362
01:15:07,360 --> 01:15:14,080
Speaker 2: punk rock, and TikTok. Right, Yeah, fucking the king and

1363
01:15:14,160 --> 01:15:17,439
Speaker 2: Versailles not being able to keep his dick in his pants. Yeah, yeah,

1364
01:15:18,760 --> 01:15:21,439
Speaker 2: So what we see throughout Louis the fifteenth reign is

1365
01:15:21,479 --> 01:15:24,120
Speaker 2: a king whose decisions, and some of his decisions are good,

1366
01:15:24,840 --> 01:15:28,040
Speaker 2: constantly drive a wedge between him and everyone outside of

1367
01:15:28,160 --> 01:15:32,160
Speaker 2: Versailles because of the media ecosystem, which at this point

1368
01:15:32,280 --> 01:15:36,400
Speaker 2: has grown to be entirely like predicated on critiquing the

1369
01:15:36,520 --> 01:15:41,280
Speaker 2: king and his nobles. Right, and to everyone's surprise, what's

1370
01:15:41,320 --> 01:15:45,479
Speaker 2: happened here is without anyone meaning for this to evolve

1371
01:15:45,600 --> 01:15:50,320
Speaker 2: this way, This emergent media ecosystem has created a check

1372
01:15:50,479 --> 01:15:54,919
Speaker 2: on the king's absolute power. As a Parisian comedian Nicholas

1373
01:15:55,000 --> 01:15:59,720
Speaker 2: Chamfort said, France is quote an absolute monarchy tempered by songs.

1374
01:16:01,880 --> 01:16:06,439
Speaker 3: That is actually that is actually very love fucking awesome

1375
01:16:06,640 --> 01:16:09,599
Speaker 3: here and the controlling animal house.

1376
01:16:09,720 --> 01:16:13,439
Speaker 2: Yeah over here is people making up means songs about

1377
01:16:13,479 --> 01:16:14,920
Speaker 2: him like.

1378
01:16:15,040 --> 01:16:17,640
Speaker 3: That's what in fact, that he was too horny. I

1379
01:16:17,640 --> 01:16:20,760
Speaker 3: guess he was right the level horny.

1380
01:16:21,080 --> 01:16:25,960
Speaker 2: Kendrick's like obliquely ship talking Trump through his presentation at

1381
01:16:26,000 --> 01:16:31,320
Speaker 2: the super Bowl, Right, It's in some ways it hasn't changed.

1382
01:16:32,200 --> 01:16:34,280
Speaker 2: It's just always been understood that if you are good

1383
01:16:34,360 --> 01:16:37,439
Speaker 2: enough at music, no dictator will be brave enough to

1384
01:16:37,560 --> 01:16:42,639
Speaker 2: kill you. Yeah, this is why Billy Joel was allowed

1385
01:16:42,640 --> 01:16:46,560
Speaker 2: to go to the USSR. You know the power of

1386
01:16:46,640 --> 01:16:47,479
Speaker 2: the piano man.

1387
01:16:47,400 --> 01:16:49,879
Speaker 3: And why Stephen Sgal is fine as well.

1388
01:16:49,960 --> 01:16:53,880
Speaker 2: Is right, is right? Is very safe? Uh everywhere music

1389
01:16:54,080 --> 01:16:58,880
Speaker 2: is great music. When he went to war uh Louis

1390
01:16:58,920 --> 01:17:02,360
Speaker 2: the fifteenth and seventh teen forty alongside the Austrians against

1391
01:17:02,400 --> 01:17:06,439
Speaker 2: an alliance of British people, Hessians, Hanovarians and the hated Dutch,

1392
01:17:06,840 --> 01:17:09,479
Speaker 2: there was a vicious battle near the village of Lawfeld.

1393
01:17:09,960 --> 01:17:13,080
Speaker 2: In real terms, it was a tactical victory for France.

1394
01:17:13,200 --> 01:17:17,880
Speaker 2: They take the village, but either a strategic defeat or

1395
01:17:17,920 --> 01:17:20,360
Speaker 2: at best to draw because they lose so many men

1396
01:17:20,439 --> 01:17:23,760
Speaker 2: taking this town they can't continue the offensive that they

1397
01:17:23,840 --> 01:17:27,760
Speaker 2: had intended in support of the Austrians. That said, they

1398
01:17:27,840 --> 01:17:30,799
Speaker 2: do take the town, so the king declares it a victory.

1399
01:17:31,479 --> 01:17:34,600
Speaker 2: But the newspapers, and again all of the newspapers that

1400
01:17:34,680 --> 01:17:37,920
Speaker 2: get into France are printed in Amsterdam, who are fighting

1401
01:17:38,000 --> 01:17:41,320
Speaker 2: against the king. The King sends back his messengers to

1402
01:17:41,360 --> 01:17:44,360
Speaker 2: declare victory in Paris. The newspapers that arrive at the

1403
01:17:44,400 --> 01:17:49,240
Speaker 2: same time all say France lost the battle. Right police

1404
01:17:49,280 --> 01:17:53,000
Speaker 2: spies informed the government. Hey, most of the media says,

1405
01:17:53,080 --> 01:17:56,639
Speaker 2: we actually lost this, and it's kind of generating unrest.

1406
01:17:57,240 --> 01:18:00,479
Speaker 2: An effort gets made, this distribute counter propaganda. But it's

1407
01:18:00,560 --> 01:18:04,400
Speaker 2: like when the government tries to make tiktoks, right, nobody

1408
01:18:04,840 --> 01:18:08,559
Speaker 2: like that. Like the police aren't good at making songs.

1409
01:18:08,680 --> 01:18:11,640
Speaker 7: People want to sing, you know, I wonder what the

1410
01:18:11,640 --> 01:18:14,559
Speaker 7: police songs were like. No, they must have sucked as

1411
01:18:15,240 --> 01:18:18,280
Speaker 7: they did not slap. It was literally the police. This

1412
01:18:18,439 --> 01:18:22,639
Speaker 7: is this is, this is where Sting gets his start.

1413
01:18:26,080 --> 01:18:28,559
Speaker 7: Very horny guy as well, so very horny man as well.

1414
01:18:28,600 --> 01:18:33,280
Speaker 2: He would have fit in. So Now by this point, again,

1415
01:18:33,400 --> 01:18:36,479
Speaker 2: this this modern ecosystem had largely a lot of it

1416
01:18:36,600 --> 01:18:40,400
Speaker 2: had developed as a way to keep abreast with palace gossip.

1417
01:18:40,840 --> 01:18:44,000
Speaker 2: But at this point it pivots, you know, and it

1418
01:18:44,120 --> 01:18:47,920
Speaker 2: pivots to This is almost the first time where you

1419
01:18:48,080 --> 01:18:52,639
Speaker 2: see something like a modern ecosystem obsessing over a major

1420
01:18:52,840 --> 01:18:56,200
Speaker 2: world war in media res right in the same way

1421
01:18:56,200 --> 01:18:58,519
Speaker 2: people did about like the Gulf War or or you know,

1422
01:18:58,840 --> 01:19:02,240
Speaker 2: more recently the expanded judging the government well and judging

1423
01:19:02,360 --> 01:19:04,960
Speaker 2: the government for it. The government has this is a

1424
01:19:05,560 --> 01:19:09,200
Speaker 2: very rare thing and it's really kind of what. I

1425
01:19:09,240 --> 01:19:11,040
Speaker 2: don't know if it's the first time this has happened,

1426
01:19:11,120 --> 01:19:13,479
Speaker 2: but I don't know that it's ever happened before on

1427
01:19:13,640 --> 01:19:18,080
Speaker 2: this scale, where the absolute monarchy completely loses control of

1428
01:19:18,160 --> 01:19:23,080
Speaker 2: the information coming out of a conflict on foreign soil. Right,

1429
01:19:23,720 --> 01:19:26,720
Speaker 2: that's a big deal. And this war, the War of

1430
01:19:26,760 --> 01:19:29,640
Speaker 2: Austrian Succession, it's one of a number of wars that

1431
01:19:30,120 --> 01:19:32,720
Speaker 2: that some historians will argue should be counted as the

1432
01:19:32,760 --> 01:19:35,720
Speaker 2: first real World War. I don't care to get into

1433
01:19:35,760 --> 01:19:38,880
Speaker 2: that argument, but this is a massive conflict, right right,

1434
01:19:39,800 --> 01:19:42,400
Speaker 2: And the fact that the government of France has completely

1435
01:19:42,520 --> 01:19:47,120
Speaker 2: lost control due to the independent media is incredibly noteworthy.

1436
01:19:47,840 --> 01:19:51,120
Speaker 2: I want to quote again from that book. Reports of

1437
01:19:51,160 --> 01:19:53,800
Speaker 2: the overseas warfare appeared, and the gazettes and the Cafe

1438
01:19:53,920 --> 01:19:57,120
Speaker 2: Sophisticates discussed them, but most Parisians, if they followed foreign

1439
01:19:57,160 --> 01:19:59,840
Speaker 2: affairs at all, concentrated on the fighting nearby and the

1440
01:20:00,040 --> 01:20:03,439
Speaker 2: low countries where Martial de Sachs scored his victories. They

1441
01:20:03,479 --> 01:20:05,960
Speaker 2: were appalled. Therefore, as soon as they learned about the

1442
01:20:06,000 --> 01:20:09,839
Speaker 2: preliminaries to the peace, to discover that Louis the fifteenth

1443
01:20:09,880 --> 01:20:12,840
Speaker 2: had agreed to return everything France had won at such

1444
01:20:12,920 --> 01:20:17,240
Speaker 2: expense and suffering. In exchange, he received virtually nothing he'd

1445
01:20:17,280 --> 01:20:20,519
Speaker 2: got back Louisbourg, a fortress on the Cape Breton Island,

1446
01:20:20,600 --> 01:20:23,559
Speaker 2: while he surrendered Madras, a greater prize to the British.

1447
01:20:23,880 --> 01:20:27,320
Speaker 2: To ordinary Parisians with an uncertain grasp of geography, the

1448
01:20:27,400 --> 01:20:30,280
Speaker 2: global readjustment and the balance of power, insofar as they

1449
01:20:30,320 --> 01:20:32,960
Speaker 2: were aware of it, mattered less than the sacrifice of

1450
01:20:33,000 --> 01:20:37,040
Speaker 2: the fortresses in Flanders. Most Parisians, moreover, experienced the war

1451
01:20:37,080 --> 01:20:39,679
Speaker 2: as hardship inflicted on their daily lives in the form

1452
01:20:39,720 --> 01:20:43,679
Speaker 2: of increased taxes, scarcer goods, and higher prices. The Dixim,

1453
01:20:44,080 --> 01:20:46,960
Speaker 2: a special tax levied since seventeen forty one to support

1454
01:20:47,000 --> 01:20:49,920
Speaker 2: the war, fell on virtually all revenue, although the clergy

1455
01:20:50,040 --> 01:20:54,200
Speaker 2: negotiated an exemption. Salaries were exempt, so laborers did not

1456
01:20:54,320 --> 01:20:58,559
Speaker 2: suffer directly. But the Dixem was a bitter blow to rentiers, merchants,

1457
01:20:58,720 --> 01:21:05,680
Speaker 2: artisans and shopkeepers. So there's both this this thing that

1458
01:21:06,720 --> 01:21:09,439
Speaker 2: in an earlier era the king would have been able

1459
01:21:09,439 --> 01:21:11,240
Speaker 2: to spend as we've got a piece. We forced a

1460
01:21:11,320 --> 01:21:13,479
Speaker 2: piece on them after all these victories, and that's kind

1461
01:21:13,479 --> 01:21:15,439
Speaker 2: of what I would have gotten out Instead, there's all

1462
01:21:15,479 --> 01:21:17,880
Speaker 2: this reporting on everything that France is giving up in

1463
01:21:18,000 --> 01:21:21,760
Speaker 2: the piece because the Dutch have a vested interest in

1464
01:21:21,800 --> 01:21:23,800
Speaker 2: that information getting out to the people of France because

1465
01:21:23,800 --> 01:21:26,680
Speaker 2: it and it's being printed over too, yes, and it's

1466
01:21:26,720 --> 01:21:30,400
Speaker 2: being printed over there too, and so people gain a

1467
01:21:30,439 --> 01:21:32,720
Speaker 2: real understanding of the fact that oh, no, no, we're

1468
01:21:32,800 --> 01:21:35,600
Speaker 2: being lied to about this war that has fucked up

1469
01:21:35,680 --> 01:21:38,000
Speaker 2: my life. You know, I'm paying a lot more in

1470
01:21:38,120 --> 01:21:40,519
Speaker 2: taxes because of this, and we just gave everything up

1471
01:21:40,640 --> 01:21:42,200
Speaker 2: what my son died. You know.

1472
01:21:42,320 --> 01:21:45,880
Speaker 3: It's two very different ecosystems, media ecosystems as well, because

1473
01:21:45,880 --> 01:21:49,000
Speaker 3: you've got the internal palace intrigue quite literally, yeah, which

1474
01:21:49,080 --> 01:21:52,680
Speaker 3: is controlling the nobles with this weird system of rules sotalia.

1475
01:21:53,000 --> 01:21:53,200
Speaker 2: Yeah.

1476
01:21:53,920 --> 01:21:56,559
Speaker 3: And then but they've shown no interest for actually controlling

1477
01:21:56,640 --> 01:21:59,880
Speaker 3: the real problem, like the real the independent media that's

1478
01:22:00,000 --> 01:22:00,880
Speaker 3: bucking the rosses off.

1479
01:22:01,120 --> 01:22:04,080
Speaker 2: No, because like the king is, he's monitoring everyone's male right.

1480
01:22:04,160 --> 01:22:06,000
Speaker 2: When they send out gossip, they have to be very

1481
01:22:06,080 --> 01:22:08,960
Speaker 2: secret about it. People get punished for this. So inside

1482
01:22:09,040 --> 01:22:12,960
Speaker 2: the palace it's as close to a totalitarian state as

1483
01:22:13,000 --> 01:22:17,120
Speaker 2: it can be. And then in Paris it's like a

1484
01:22:17,479 --> 01:22:21,280
Speaker 2: very free media environment. Even though this is all technically illegal,

1485
01:22:21,800 --> 01:22:23,120
Speaker 2: everything is getting out.

1486
01:22:24,000 --> 01:22:25,880
Speaker 3: Yeah, it's probably because there's so much shit that they

1487
01:22:26,000 --> 01:22:28,679
Speaker 3: do with inviside that they can't control it at this point.

1488
01:22:28,760 --> 01:22:31,000
Speaker 2: Well yeah, and they don't. They're not really as aware

1489
01:22:31,120 --> 01:22:34,400
Speaker 2: because they have no connection to Paris really, right, the

1490
01:22:34,920 --> 01:22:38,040
Speaker 2: most of the nobility and certainly not the king. So

1491
01:22:38,280 --> 01:22:41,080
Speaker 2: the dic same pisses off a lot of people in

1492
01:22:41,120 --> 01:22:44,880
Speaker 2: the bourgeoisie. There's another tax that just everyone has to pay,

1493
01:22:45,680 --> 01:22:47,760
Speaker 2: which is kind of Louis the fifteenth. He was because

1494
01:22:47,960 --> 01:22:50,200
Speaker 2: the nobles were subject to it too, so you could

1495
01:22:50,200 --> 01:22:52,639
Speaker 2: see it as him trying to modernize and make things fairer.

1496
01:22:53,000 --> 01:22:55,559
Speaker 2: But it just creates more anger and unrest because it's

1497
01:22:55,640 --> 01:22:59,320
Speaker 2: just another tax. He also puts through tariffs on consumer goods.

1498
01:23:00,160 --> 01:23:02,519
Speaker 2: Prices for the necessities of life start to surge to

1499
01:23:02,560 --> 01:23:05,840
Speaker 2: an unsustainable level. There are bread riots, you know, people

1500
01:23:05,960 --> 01:23:09,880
Speaker 2: are starving. In order to try and mitigate this. When

1501
01:23:09,920 --> 01:23:12,439
Speaker 2: the war finally ends, the king orders two days of

1502
01:23:12,520 --> 01:23:16,360
Speaker 2: celebration and the crown provides a feast like food and

1503
01:23:16,479 --> 01:23:18,760
Speaker 2: wine all you can eat for two days for the

1504
01:23:18,840 --> 01:23:22,320
Speaker 2: little people of Paris. Right, So there's a massive party

1505
01:23:22,400 --> 01:23:23,960
Speaker 2: and this is the kind of thing in the past

1506
01:23:24,400 --> 01:23:26,720
Speaker 2: that would have got everybody back to being fans of

1507
01:23:26,760 --> 01:23:30,080
Speaker 2: the king, right, but people know everything that went on

1508
01:23:30,240 --> 01:23:34,439
Speaker 2: behind the scenes, and so for the first time, when

1509
01:23:34,479 --> 01:23:37,960
Speaker 2: the king goes through Paris on like his victory march,

1510
01:23:38,640 --> 01:23:41,400
Speaker 2: people don't during this massive party where they're all getting

1511
01:23:41,400 --> 01:23:44,200
Speaker 2: free food and booze, no one shouts vive le roi.

1512
01:23:44,760 --> 01:23:48,240
Speaker 2: Nobody shouts like long live the King right right, It's

1513
01:23:48,560 --> 01:23:52,720
Speaker 2: like commoners refuse to do this, and popular gossip notes

1514
01:23:52,760 --> 01:23:55,559
Speaker 2: that women in the market start arguing, like making fun

1515
01:23:55,600 --> 01:23:57,640
Speaker 2: of each other by saying, you are as stupid as

1516
01:23:57,680 --> 01:24:03,760
Speaker 2: the peace right. It's become this rule. It's a calamity

1517
01:24:04,240 --> 01:24:08,200
Speaker 2: for them for the crown. A dozen people are also

1518
01:24:08,320 --> 01:24:10,760
Speaker 2: crushed to death during a fireworks display due to a

1519
01:24:10,800 --> 01:24:14,040
Speaker 2: bottleneck in the streets, and this is reported on massively right.

1520
01:24:14,479 --> 01:24:17,600
Speaker 2: People talk about this all that like constantly. It is

1521
01:24:17,760 --> 01:24:20,120
Speaker 2: like a massive topic of discussion in the media, and

1522
01:24:20,439 --> 01:24:23,639
Speaker 2: every mistake, every attendant death, and all of the suffering

1523
01:24:23,680 --> 01:24:26,360
Speaker 2: of the masses, every bad thing that happens adds to

1524
01:24:26,479 --> 01:24:29,839
Speaker 2: the crush of a hostile papers, books and songs attacking

1525
01:24:29,920 --> 01:24:32,840
Speaker 2: the regime, and rather than trying to deal with any

1526
01:24:32,920 --> 01:24:35,559
Speaker 2: of this or trying to directly engage with the people.

1527
01:24:36,200 --> 01:24:39,800
Speaker 2: Louis the fifteenth largely responds to a hostile public by

1528
01:24:39,920 --> 01:24:44,360
Speaker 2: drawing inwards and retreating to Versailles. After the failed celebrations

1529
01:24:44,400 --> 01:24:47,120
Speaker 2: of seventeen forty eight, the king avoids the capital. In

1530
01:24:47,200 --> 01:24:49,479
Speaker 2: seventeen forty nine and seventeen fifty he doesn't go there

1531
01:24:49,520 --> 01:24:52,960
Speaker 2: at all. Rumors spread through songs, through small papers and

1532
01:24:53,040 --> 01:24:57,400
Speaker 2: newsmongers that he fears sparking a riot, and so people

1533
01:24:57,479 --> 01:24:59,960
Speaker 2: really start talking for the first time, is the case

1534
01:25:00,200 --> 01:25:03,559
Speaker 2: scared of the mob? Do we maybe as a group

1535
01:25:03,640 --> 01:25:08,759
Speaker 2: of angry people in Paris have power to threaten the monarchy?

1536
01:25:09,760 --> 01:25:12,320
Speaker 2: This is when people really start talking about that. You know,

1537
01:25:12,720 --> 01:25:15,160
Speaker 2: this is an important step on the road to seventeen

1538
01:25:15,240 --> 01:25:20,320
Speaker 2: eighty nine, right, Yeah, in mid seventeen, Yeah.

1539
01:25:20,680 --> 01:25:23,200
Speaker 3: They just lost control of everything they did. They they

1540
01:25:23,200 --> 01:25:24,479
Speaker 3: didn't really, Yeah.

1541
01:25:24,800 --> 01:25:28,040
Speaker 2: They're starting to again. They get another forty years before

1542
01:25:28,080 --> 01:25:30,479
Speaker 2: this all falls, right, But these are important idea If

1543
01:25:30,520 --> 01:25:33,680
Speaker 2: this marinating isn't brilliant, Yes, it takes a while for

1544
01:25:33,840 --> 01:25:36,840
Speaker 2: this to marinate, and this is part of like what

1545
01:25:37,240 --> 01:25:41,680
Speaker 2: leads things to collapse. In mid seventeen forty nine, a

1546
01:25:41,840 --> 01:25:45,960
Speaker 2: major government minister is brought down by a song. The

1547
01:25:46,160 --> 01:25:49,760
Speaker 2: victim is Compte de Moripas, who was the king's most

1548
01:25:49,800 --> 01:25:52,080
Speaker 2: powerful minister. He's a close friend to the king and

1549
01:25:52,200 --> 01:25:55,439
Speaker 2: he is like his basically his number one advisor, right,

1550
01:25:55,920 --> 01:25:59,040
Speaker 2: And one day the king retires, you know, he doesn't

1551
01:25:59,040 --> 01:26:01,080
Speaker 2: always like to be surrounded the crowd, so he goes

1552
01:26:01,960 --> 01:26:05,480
Speaker 2: to his royal bedchambers with his mistress, Madame de Pompadour,

1553
01:26:05,800 --> 01:26:09,400
Speaker 2: and her cousin Madame de'estrade and the Comte de morrepass

1554
01:26:09,479 --> 01:26:12,080
Speaker 2: And I think they're all kind of fucking right, Like

1555
01:26:12,720 --> 01:26:15,000
Speaker 2: I don't know, yeah, or at least they're both fucking

1556
01:26:15,040 --> 01:26:18,080
Speaker 2: at the same time. Over the course of the night,

1557
01:26:18,280 --> 01:26:22,640
Speaker 2: Madame Pompadour hands out wyatt white hyacinths as gifts, and

1558
01:26:23,040 --> 01:26:25,840
Speaker 2: this private moment hits the streets of Paris days later,

1559
01:26:25,960 --> 01:26:28,320
Speaker 2: set to the tune of a popular love song by

1560
01:26:28,360 --> 01:26:31,320
Speaker 2: your Noble and free manner Iris. You enchant our hearts

1561
01:26:31,640 --> 01:26:34,879
Speaker 2: on our path. You strew flowers, but they are white flowers,

1562
01:26:35,360 --> 01:26:38,880
Speaker 2: And that doesn't seem super scandalous, right It is, though,

1563
01:26:38,960 --> 01:26:42,000
Speaker 2: because the word for flower is very similar to a

1564
01:26:42,120 --> 01:26:47,800
Speaker 2: colloquial term for vaginal discharge. And what this song is

1565
01:26:47,960 --> 01:26:52,600
Speaker 2: saying is that the King's mistress spread VD and this

1566
01:26:52,760 --> 01:26:56,640
Speaker 2: priort private moment in the royal chambers, she got that.

1567
01:26:57,200 --> 01:27:00,680
Speaker 2: That's what the white flowers are like, white vaginal this charge. Right,

1568
01:27:00,720 --> 01:27:03,920
Speaker 2: It's it's like she's she had an STD and she

1569
01:27:04,120 --> 01:27:07,000
Speaker 2: spread it to the king in Moropaus. Right, that's kind

1570
01:27:07,040 --> 01:27:08,600
Speaker 2: of what the song is a legend. I don't know,

1571
01:27:08,640 --> 01:27:11,439
Speaker 2: I don't think that's actually what happened, because that's what

1572
01:27:11,600 --> 01:27:15,679
Speaker 2: the song is like, yeah, go through well, and here's

1573
01:27:15,720 --> 01:27:18,639
Speaker 2: the big thing. There are four people in the room

1574
01:27:19,160 --> 01:27:21,280
Speaker 2: when this happens, right, And that was what I was thinking, like,

1575
01:27:21,760 --> 01:27:26,879
Speaker 2: write this, well, it's Moropas, right, is the compt de Maropaus?

1576
01:27:26,920 --> 01:27:29,920
Speaker 2: Because obviously the King's mistress isn't gonna lake this. Her

1577
01:27:30,000 --> 01:27:34,160
Speaker 2: cousin's unlikely to sure shit, not the king, right. And

1578
01:27:34,479 --> 01:27:37,360
Speaker 2: what makes this even more obvious is that Moropaus is

1579
01:27:37,439 --> 01:27:41,200
Speaker 2: a famous and beloved popular songwriter, and he had four

1580
01:27:41,400 --> 01:27:45,000
Speaker 2: years used music to launder gossip and attacks on his

1581
01:27:45,200 --> 01:27:48,439
Speaker 2: enemies at Versailles into Paris, and in fact, a lot

1582
01:27:48,520 --> 01:27:51,240
Speaker 2: of the a lot of what we have from this

1583
01:27:51,439 --> 01:27:55,480
Speaker 2: period from this aspect of culture. These like popular political

1584
01:27:55,720 --> 01:28:01,800
Speaker 2: like like slander songs are ones that Maropaus wrote. Forty

1585
01:28:01,920 --> 01:28:04,320
Speaker 2: five volumes of his lyrics survived to this day.

1586
01:28:04,439 --> 01:28:05,040
Speaker 3: Jesus Christ.

1587
01:28:05,080 --> 01:28:09,680
Speaker 2: So this guy was prolific, right again, Yeah, and so

1588
01:28:10,240 --> 01:28:14,240
Speaker 2: when this thing that four people are for leaks out

1589
01:28:14,320 --> 01:28:16,880
Speaker 2: in song form, everyone immediately know like, this has to

1590
01:28:16,960 --> 01:28:21,040
Speaker 2: be you, right, Marapas he had tried to spread this

1591
01:28:21,240 --> 01:28:24,479
Speaker 2: verse to damage the king's mistress because he was closer

1592
01:28:24,520 --> 01:28:26,680
Speaker 2: to the queen. Right, This whole thing had been I

1593
01:28:26,760 --> 01:28:29,439
Speaker 2: want to like separate her from the king. But this

1594
01:28:29,640 --> 01:28:32,240
Speaker 2: blows up because he's very sloppy about how he does it,

1595
01:28:32,360 --> 01:28:35,400
Speaker 2: and he tries to blame the whole debacle on Marshall Richelieu,

1596
01:28:35,600 --> 01:28:39,400
Speaker 2: who's one of his rivals. But Richelieu figures out what's

1597
01:28:39,439 --> 01:28:42,479
Speaker 2: going on and tells the king. As Darton writes, this

1598
01:28:42,680 --> 01:28:44,960
Speaker 2: version of Marpas's fall owed a great deal to the

1599
01:28:45,040 --> 01:28:47,120
Speaker 2: rumor mill of the court and the baroque character of

1600
01:28:47,160 --> 01:28:50,160
Speaker 2: politics in Versailles. Parisians, who had little contact with that

1601
01:28:50,240 --> 01:28:52,800
Speaker 2: alien world, could not be certain about what lay behind

1602
01:28:52,880 --> 01:28:56,280
Speaker 2: Maropas's fall, but they knew that songs precipitated it, and

1603
01:28:56,400 --> 01:29:01,200
Speaker 2: that the result was a realignment of power, and so

1604
01:29:02,080 --> 01:29:05,639
Speaker 2: kind of by this period, you know, seventeen forty nine,

1605
01:29:06,400 --> 01:29:09,080
Speaker 2: you've got the king has gotten scared out of Paris

1606
01:29:09,160 --> 01:29:12,640
Speaker 2: by the mob, and now people have realized that like

1607
01:29:12,840 --> 01:29:15,880
Speaker 2: these songs, these like popular this popular media has the

1608
01:29:15,920 --> 01:29:19,599
Speaker 2: ability to uproot and force government ministers out of their office.

1609
01:29:20,040 --> 01:29:24,519
Speaker 2: Right in addition to this, you've created this permanent because

1610
01:29:24,560 --> 01:29:26,200
Speaker 2: of how negative a lot of this media is, this

1611
01:29:26,360 --> 01:29:30,880
Speaker 2: really permanent breach between the crown and the people. In

1612
01:29:31,000 --> 01:29:34,200
Speaker 2: seventeen fifty one, the King's attempts a return to Paris.

1613
01:29:34,439 --> 01:29:36,880
Speaker 2: He goes to a mass at Notre Dame and as

1614
01:29:36,960 --> 01:29:40,879
Speaker 2: he rides in the crowd around him maintains near total silence,

1615
01:29:41,240 --> 01:29:44,040
Speaker 2: an experience so upsetting that Louis the fifteenth has a

1616
01:29:44,200 --> 01:29:46,960
Speaker 2: road built so he can avoid Paris in the future

1617
01:29:47,200 --> 01:29:50,240
Speaker 2: when traveling to his various properties. And by this point

1618
01:29:50,640 --> 01:29:54,680
Speaker 2: seventeen fifty one, the roth that's going to lead to

1619
01:29:55,400 --> 01:29:59,320
Speaker 2: the revolution is probably terminal. Right, there's almost certainly no

1620
01:30:00,040 --> 01:30:02,680
Speaker 2: because this system that the next king is going to

1621
01:30:02,760 --> 01:30:05,160
Speaker 2: come up in, that is going to continue governing, is

1622
01:30:05,240 --> 01:30:08,599
Speaker 2: like it can't do anything but make this system worse.

1623
01:30:09,040 --> 01:30:12,280
Speaker 2: By its nature, it feeds this media ecosystem that is

1624
01:30:12,320 --> 01:30:16,120
Speaker 2: so toxic to the crown. By its nature, it creates

1625
01:30:16,200 --> 01:30:19,640
Speaker 2: a ruling class who has no contact or understanding with

1626
01:30:19,800 --> 01:30:23,080
Speaker 2: regular people and who will constantly fuck them over and

1627
01:30:23,200 --> 01:30:26,240
Speaker 2: over order to pay and afford keeping their fancy party

1628
01:30:26,280 --> 01:30:29,439
Speaker 2: house going. Right, all of this, all of this has

1629
01:30:29,560 --> 01:30:31,479
Speaker 2: happened by seventeen fifty one.

1630
01:30:31,520 --> 01:30:34,720
Speaker 3: No, it's people everything about it, and they know people well,

1631
01:30:34,760 --> 01:30:37,000
Speaker 3: they constantly yes, and what they know about it is

1632
01:30:37,120 --> 01:30:40,200
Speaker 3: just told in the most scandalous, ridiculous way.

1633
01:30:40,760 --> 01:30:43,560
Speaker 2: Very a lot of it's yeah, yeah, a lot of

1634
01:30:43,600 --> 01:30:46,960
Speaker 2: it's also told in catchy songs. It's cold and catchy songs.

1635
01:30:46,960 --> 01:30:49,599
Speaker 2: They're gonna be catchy songs about like Marie Antoinette being

1636
01:30:49,640 --> 01:30:52,600
Speaker 2: a spy for her home in Austria and she's not.

1637
01:30:53,200 --> 01:30:55,519
Speaker 2: There's a lot of valid critiques of Marie Antoinette, but

1638
01:30:55,560 --> 01:30:58,200
Speaker 2: she like legitimately did not do any of the things

1639
01:30:58,240 --> 01:31:00,400
Speaker 2: her family wanted her to do in turn of like

1640
01:31:00,560 --> 01:31:04,040
Speaker 2: influencing France to be pro Austria. Like they were constantly

1641
01:31:04,080 --> 01:31:06,280
Speaker 2: pissed at her, but it didn't matter in terms of

1642
01:31:06,320 --> 01:31:10,519
Speaker 2: her unpopularity because the mob was convinced and the popular

1643
01:31:10,640 --> 01:31:17,000
Speaker 2: media was convinced that she was effectively a spy. Right, yeah, well, probably.

1644
01:31:16,800 --> 01:31:19,040
Speaker 3: Good for this one, but not good for now when

1645
01:31:19,360 --> 01:31:20,040
Speaker 3: good things.

1646
01:31:19,920 --> 01:31:25,040
Speaker 2: Happen, yeah, you know, it's it's we'll see again. This

1647
01:31:25,200 --> 01:31:27,519
Speaker 2: all moved. The media moved pretty fast in Paris of

1648
01:31:27,560 --> 01:31:29,839
Speaker 2: this day, but not as fast as it works today.

1649
01:31:32,040 --> 01:31:34,200
Speaker 2: And I guess if I have a hopeful thing in

1650
01:31:34,360 --> 01:31:36,840
Speaker 2: terms of you know, these v are are modern day

1651
01:31:36,880 --> 01:31:40,679
Speaker 2: people attempting to make an aristocracy or you know, honestly

1652
01:31:40,720 --> 01:31:43,120
Speaker 2: trying to make a monarchy with themselves as the Crat's

1653
01:31:43,160 --> 01:31:46,040
Speaker 2: what Curtis Yarvin and the like one. They want to

1654
01:31:46,080 --> 01:31:51,000
Speaker 2: be nobles in this new hereditary order under CEO kings,

1655
01:31:51,600 --> 01:31:56,320
Speaker 2: and things move faster now, and the same dynamics that

1656
01:31:58,320 --> 01:32:02,880
Speaker 2: caused every thing to fall apart for the people running

1657
01:32:02,960 --> 01:32:07,599
Speaker 2: Versailles are human dynamics. And these people, I think are

1658
01:32:07,680 --> 01:32:10,160
Speaker 2: convinced that they can force that out of us by

1659
01:32:10,240 --> 01:32:13,280
Speaker 2: taking control of social media, you know, by breeding it

1660
01:32:13,360 --> 01:32:17,840
Speaker 2: out of people or whatever. I don't think that they can.

1661
01:32:18,760 --> 01:32:18,960
Speaker 7: Yeah.

1662
01:32:19,560 --> 01:32:19,760
Speaker 2: Yeah.

1663
01:32:19,960 --> 01:32:23,160
Speaker 3: In fact, the very dynamics discussed in this these episodes

1664
01:32:23,200 --> 01:32:25,080
Speaker 3: is kind of suggesting why they can't, because people will

1665
01:32:25,120 --> 01:32:26,360
Speaker 3: just eventually go what the fuck?

1666
01:32:27,040 --> 01:32:30,439
Speaker 2: Yeah, Yeah, there's there's more to talk about. We may

1667
01:32:30,520 --> 01:32:33,560
Speaker 2: do you know soon episodes on you know, kind of

1668
01:32:33,640 --> 01:32:36,519
Speaker 2: the end of this process and what happens with Marie

1669
01:32:36,520 --> 01:32:40,280
Speaker 2: Antoinette and her husband. Louis the sixteenth is also interesting.

1670
01:32:40,680 --> 01:32:44,080
Speaker 2: They're just not really bastards in the same way that

1671
01:32:44,160 --> 01:32:47,479
Speaker 2: Louis the fifteenth and fourteenth are right, right, Like, they

1672
01:32:48,040 --> 01:32:49,800
Speaker 2: make a lot of mistakes, and they do do some

1673
01:32:50,000 --> 01:32:52,760
Speaker 2: like they do do bad things right like every king

1674
01:32:52,840 --> 01:32:57,439
Speaker 2: and queen does. But these guys are why the system

1675
01:32:57,920 --> 01:33:01,439
Speaker 2: had pissed people off so much that those two needed

1676
01:33:01,479 --> 01:33:05,439
Speaker 2: to lose their heads, right. The terror is largely fueled

1677
01:33:05,720 --> 01:33:08,240
Speaker 2: by the ship that had by the ship that Louis

1678
01:33:08,280 --> 01:33:12,320
Speaker 2: the fourteenth creates at Versailles, and that Louis the fifteenth perpetuates,

1679
01:33:12,439 --> 01:33:16,200
Speaker 2: right Like, that's all of that anger gets built up

1680
01:33:16,240 --> 01:33:19,800
Speaker 2: as a result of that period of time, and you

1681
01:33:19,920 --> 01:33:21,400
Speaker 2: know that's cool.

1682
01:33:22,520 --> 01:33:25,599
Speaker 3: Yeah, seems like it ended well for everyone involved.

1683
01:33:26,000 --> 01:33:29,120
Speaker 2: It doesn't it ends great for everyone. Louis the fourteenth,

1684
01:33:29,240 --> 01:33:34,680
Speaker 2: how do he collp it just disaus uh oh Louis, No,

1685
01:33:34,800 --> 01:33:38,280
Speaker 2: he gets some he gets a small box. Oh okay, yeah,

1686
01:33:38,320 --> 01:33:40,200
Speaker 2: he gets a small box. He has to send away

1687
01:33:40,240 --> 01:33:43,280
Speaker 2: his mistress, but he's like in his seventies. No, yeah,

1688
01:33:43,320 --> 01:33:48,880
Speaker 2: he also reigns a crazy lung. He reigns for decades. Again,

1689
01:33:48,960 --> 01:33:51,479
Speaker 2: this whole period like is like there's more than a

1690
01:33:51,600 --> 01:33:55,000
Speaker 2: century of Versailles, even though there's only like three kings, right,

1691
01:33:56,200 --> 01:34:01,640
Speaker 2: so it lasts a while. It just isn't you know

1692
01:34:02,680 --> 01:34:05,880
Speaker 2: by I think by probably like seventeen forty nine to

1693
01:34:05,960 --> 01:34:10,200
Speaker 2: seventeen fifty one, somewhere around then. I think the revolution

1694
01:34:10,479 --> 01:34:13,639
Speaker 2: was inevitable. There was all There was probably no way

1695
01:34:14,880 --> 01:34:18,160
Speaker 2: just functionally because I don't think Versailles, I think Versite.

1696
01:34:18,360 --> 01:34:22,160
Speaker 2: Among other things, the fact that it was so ossified

1697
01:34:22,200 --> 01:34:25,800
Speaker 2: by this point it was incapable of changing. Right, how

1698
01:34:25,840 --> 01:34:28,280
Speaker 2: do you feel any of reform things. You're spending all

1699
01:34:28,280 --> 01:34:31,160
Speaker 2: your time worrying about who's holding your shirt as the kids,

1700
01:34:31,240 --> 01:34:33,600
Speaker 2: You have very little time to fix the way the

1701
01:34:33,720 --> 01:34:38,599
Speaker 2: government works, right Yeah, yeah, the Napkin situation is really

1702
01:34:38,800 --> 01:34:41,840
Speaker 2: bogging you down by this point. And again, all of

1703
01:34:41,920 --> 01:34:45,240
Speaker 2: this was around how the government was run too. Yeah,

1704
01:34:45,880 --> 01:34:49,960
Speaker 2: very good, exactly, Jesus, yep, it's great.

1705
01:34:50,320 --> 01:34:53,400
Speaker 3: Christ three times on this show now, and every time

1706
01:34:53,479 --> 01:34:56,000
Speaker 3: you find a new freak, oh series of freaks.

1707
01:34:56,080 --> 01:35:00,880
Speaker 2: The freak Collection because Duo of Freaks. That's that's the show.

1708
01:35:01,680 --> 01:35:06,800
Speaker 1: That's the podcasta Ed, you have a podcast, I do it.

1709
01:35:07,320 --> 01:35:10,759
Speaker 3: It's called Better Offline. Got a betrofline dot com? Emailing

1710
01:35:10,840 --> 01:35:13,240
Speaker 3: me easy at better better off line dot com. If

1711
01:35:13,240 --> 01:35:15,600
Speaker 3: you hate me or love me, ideally the latter. And

1712
01:35:15,640 --> 01:35:17,920
Speaker 3: if you want to set up a bizarre series of

1713
01:35:18,040 --> 01:35:19,800
Speaker 3: rules that I will make you live by, go to

1714
01:35:19,840 --> 01:35:22,760
Speaker 3: our reddit, which is our slash bet off line. We're

1715
01:35:22,760 --> 01:35:24,760
Speaker 3: already working on a Vasai like system there.

1716
01:35:26,680 --> 01:35:30,439
Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, yeah, so I check that out. You know,

1717
01:35:30,560 --> 01:35:35,280
Speaker 2: when finally when he when he lives, When when Ed

1718
01:35:35,400 --> 01:35:39,920
Speaker 2: lives completely surrounded by the nobility of France, that's when

1719
01:35:39,960 --> 01:35:43,000
Speaker 2: podcasts and we'll finally reach its apex oh wait.

1720
01:35:46,560 --> 01:35:49,200
Speaker 1: Behind the Bastards is a production of cool Zone Media.

1721
01:35:49,600 --> 01:35:52,240
Speaker 1: For more from cool Zone Media, visit our website cool

1722
01:35:52,320 --> 01:35:56,240
Speaker 1: Zonemedia dot com, or check us out on the iHeartRadio app,

1723
01:35:56,320 --> 01:35:58,680
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

1724
01:35:59,080 --> 01:36:02,440
Speaker 4: Behind the Bastards you're now available on YouTube, new episodes

1725
01:36:02,800 --> 01:36:06,360
Speaker 4: every Wednesday and Friday. Subscribe to our channel YouTube dot

1726
01:36:06,439 --> 01:36:08,960
Speaker 4: com slash at Behind the Bastards