WEBVTT - Jellyfish: Even Cooler than Octopi? 0:00:01.120 --> 0:00:04.280 Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff 0:00:04.320 --> 0:00:12.720 Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 0:00:12.800 --> 0:00:17.640 Josh Clark with Charles W. Chuck Bryant with Jerry This 0:00:17.800 --> 0:00:21.840 Stuff you should Know. Oh man, let's start over all 0:00:21.960 --> 0:00:28.880 right now, it's okay, how you doing. I'm good. I'm 0:00:29.000 --> 0:00:32.080 jet black still I'm coming out of it for sure, 0:00:32.200 --> 0:00:34.920 but yeah, I'm a little jet like. I just I 0:00:35.040 --> 0:00:38.720 was explaining off Mike that my body is four thirty 0:00:38.920 --> 0:00:41.959 or five every morning. Does get up? Dummy? It's ten 0:00:42.080 --> 0:00:46.920 fifteen eleven, and I go, no, it's not. It's dark. 0:00:48.280 --> 0:00:52.960 No internal struggle. And it's a British voice too. It's like, 0:00:53.040 --> 0:00:56.360 get up, you need your beans and blood sausage and 0:00:56.960 --> 0:01:01.080 I port pies. How was that? Oh man, I want 0:01:01.120 --> 0:01:05.880 another one so bad? You know, save that? Okay? Uh, 0:01:05.959 --> 0:01:09.120 My like is not so much pronounced in the morning. 0:01:09.560 --> 0:01:12.240 It's just at nine thirty at night, I fall over 0:01:12.360 --> 0:01:15.120 wherever I'm standing, or said, you're just like cooking in 0:01:15.160 --> 0:01:18.920 a walk and you just face first. You noticed the 0:01:18.959 --> 0:01:22.199 burned face. Yeah, that's dangerous. Well it hurt pretty bad 0:01:22.440 --> 0:01:26.080 because that walk grease gets pretty hot. It does walk, 0:01:26.600 --> 0:01:33.000 But is this what walks? Who walks still, dude, you kidney, No, 0:01:33.319 --> 0:01:37.120 it's are continents of people watch. Well, sure, but I 0:01:37.240 --> 0:01:40.200 just I guess I just imagined like wearing a tennis 0:01:40.200 --> 0:01:43.080 sweater tight around my neck, and I didn't say fond. 0:01:45.400 --> 0:01:50.960 You're having a pot of boiling cheese. That's pretty seventies. 0:01:53.480 --> 0:01:55.200 You know what, if you ever want a fon dupot 0:01:55.200 --> 0:01:57.320 and like just because you think it'd be fun to 0:01:57.320 --> 0:02:00.240 have a fond party, don't buy one new, just go 0:02:00.320 --> 0:02:03.720 to a goodwill. I wanted for like three dollars. Yeah, 0:02:03.880 --> 0:02:07.160 you mean I have an unused one? Is it pea green? 0:02:09.560 --> 0:02:11.360 I don't know if I would cook out of a 0:02:11.440 --> 0:02:16.160 pea green anything? Now? Yeah, all right, No, I wouldn't 0:02:16.480 --> 0:02:21.120 pea green refrigerator, wouldn't need out of it p green car. 0:02:21.240 --> 0:02:27.280 I just throw up anytime I want to go drop. Uh. 0:02:27.360 --> 0:02:30.520 I'll tell you what I am excited about though. Jellyfish. Yeah, 0:02:30.680 --> 0:02:36.639 this is now officially my second favorite seafaring creature after octopus. 0:02:35.720 --> 0:02:41.239 Yeah for sure. Yeah, and this was close to like 0:02:41.680 --> 0:02:45.560 the jellyfish was really tugging at my heartstrings. Yeah, and 0:02:45.600 --> 0:02:47.720 the and the octopus just kept saying, you know what, 0:02:47.880 --> 0:02:53.000 remember me, Remember the caramatophores. Watch this, bam, it looks 0:02:53.120 --> 0:02:55.560 like something completely different. And then I remember it. I 0:02:55.560 --> 0:02:58.440 was like, all right, octopus, you're right, jellyfish can't do that. 0:02:58.880 --> 0:03:02.840 I'm Rocky the squirrel. Now I'm a Roman soldier. Now 0:03:02.840 --> 0:03:07.800 I'm a cornucopia of vegetables in an oil painting. Uh. 0:03:07.840 --> 0:03:11.680 They are pretty cool, Yeah, but the jellyfish is really amazing. Yeah. 0:03:11.720 --> 0:03:16.160 The octopuses, though they're like they're doing it on purpose. 0:03:16.200 --> 0:03:20.160 The jellyfish just accidentally kind of stumbles backwards into awesomeness. 0:03:20.840 --> 0:03:24.239 You know, well, after five million years of practice, maybe seven, 0:03:25.639 --> 0:03:29.639 we'll see it's amazing. So when you're talking about jellyfish, 0:03:29.680 --> 0:03:31.760 a lot of people say, well, there's a jellyfish. That's 0:03:31.760 --> 0:03:34.280 a jellyfish, that's a jellyfish. That lady walking down the 0:03:34.280 --> 0:03:36.480 street with the leash got a jellyfish on the end 0:03:36.480 --> 0:03:40.920 of right, And and you would say jellyfish, jellyfish, comb, 0:03:41.040 --> 0:03:46.400 jelly dog, or weird cat lady who walks her cat. Yeah, 0:03:46.680 --> 0:03:50.200 that's unwholesome. That's as unwholesome as walking a jellyfish down 0:03:50.200 --> 0:03:55.120 the street on a leash. So there are such things 0:03:55.120 --> 0:03:58.760 as comb jellies, and there's jellyfish, and you out there 0:03:58.840 --> 0:04:02.400 who's lived maybe ten twenty years on this planet or more, 0:04:02.680 --> 0:04:05.240 we've probably seen them both. But it turns out that 0:04:05.320 --> 0:04:08.440 they look very similar. But as we're finding out, as 0:04:08.480 --> 0:04:11.360 we get deeper and deeper into using genetics to do 0:04:11.520 --> 0:04:16.040 taxonomy rather than our peepers, that doesn't necessarily mean they're related. 0:04:16.480 --> 0:04:20.040 And actually there's there's some tremendous debate between just how 0:04:20.080 --> 0:04:24.200 closely related jellyfish and comb jellies are. Tremendous debate. Yes, 0:04:24.360 --> 0:04:27.760 we're very subdued. It depends on where you are among 0:04:27.839 --> 0:04:31.000 like fifty people. If you're in the jellyfish department of 0:04:31.080 --> 0:04:35.039 some like the Monterey Bay Aquarium, I'll bet it gets 0:04:35.160 --> 0:04:38.920 nuts a little vigorous. Yeah, they down some some old 0:04:38.920 --> 0:04:43.599 English forty uh right, malt liquor and argue and to 0:04:43.640 --> 0:04:47.120 get out the breast knuckles about taxonomy, so that the 0:04:47.200 --> 0:04:51.159 two phila they are different. Uh, we're talking respectively for 0:04:51.240 --> 0:04:57.720 jellyfish and comb jellies. Uh, Nadaria and yeah nice, And 0:04:57.760 --> 0:05:01.160 there's seas before both of them, both island. So it 0:05:01.160 --> 0:05:11.279 looks like center bites and sephora. Yeah, center bites. Yeah, 0:05:11.560 --> 0:05:14.040 what is that? A centerbon that's no center bites. They 0:05:14.040 --> 0:05:17.400 were the monsters in hell Raiser. Oh I thought it 0:05:17.400 --> 0:05:19.800 was like a centabon that was in handy bite sized pieces. 0:05:19.800 --> 0:05:23.520 That's a cinabyte. These are center bites. Gotcha? Where where 0:05:23.520 --> 0:05:25.120 did this research come from? By the way, a big 0:05:25.120 --> 0:05:28.680 shout out Smithsonian. They have a site called the Ocean 0:05:28.720 --> 0:05:32.000 Portal amazing that has all sorts of great stuff on it. Yeah, 0:05:32.000 --> 0:05:36.800 you can't go wrong with Smithsonian. That's their their logos. 0:05:37.680 --> 0:05:40.359 There's this that forms the basis of this one. But 0:05:40.480 --> 0:05:42.320 I also want to give a huge shout out to 0:05:42.360 --> 0:05:44.720 another article I read a while back that I went 0:05:44.760 --> 0:05:47.480 back and reread. Actually it's called They're taking Over, and 0:05:47.560 --> 0:05:51.120 it was a New York View of Books article on it. Yeah. Uh, 0:05:51.160 --> 0:05:55.440 well it reviewed a book on jellyfish, Yes, specifically jellyfish 0:05:55.480 --> 0:05:59.360 blooms or when you'll see on the news like, oh 0:05:59.400 --> 0:06:02.120 my gosh, there's five thousand jellyfish right here right now, 0:06:03.000 --> 0:06:07.120 or thirty three thousand square miles of jellyfish. But we'll 0:06:07.120 --> 0:06:09.240 get to that. Yeah. Yeah, yeah, we're getting ahead of ourselves. 0:06:09.279 --> 0:06:12.080 So there's jellyfish and comb jellies and there we don't 0:06:12.080 --> 0:06:14.160 know if they're related. They look a lot like they're 0:06:14.240 --> 0:06:17.400 very much. Um, they seem related. So we're gonna talk 0:06:17.400 --> 0:06:21.120 about both. Yes, right, so let's talk about him, chuck. 0:06:21.240 --> 0:06:24.320 All right, Well we'll start off with the body, uh, 0:06:24.360 --> 0:06:27.800 because well they're kind of all body. Uh. They both 0:06:27.839 --> 0:06:30.919 jellyfish income jellies have they have a lot of differences, 0:06:30.960 --> 0:06:33.520 but you know, when you look under the hood, they 0:06:33.640 --> 0:06:35.760 have a lot of similarities, which is why you would 0:06:35.800 --> 0:06:39.080 expect when people use their peepers, they would just think, well, yeah, 0:06:39.120 --> 0:06:42.240 of course they're the same. Look at them. Don't don't 0:06:42.279 --> 0:06:46.120 think too don't overthink it. That was early science. Don't 0:06:46.120 --> 0:06:48.839 overthink it. So both of them have a couple of 0:06:49.120 --> 0:06:52.600 major cell layers, the external epidermist and then the internal 0:06:52.600 --> 0:06:58.080 one called the gastrodermist. And in between those is what 0:06:58.160 --> 0:07:03.599 you think of as jellyfish. Yeah, that's the mesoglia, Yeah, 0:07:03.640 --> 0:07:07.840 which is a great name for that, and it's the filling. Yeah, 0:07:08.000 --> 0:07:10.960 it's ninety five. And in fact, jellyfish and come jellies 0:07:10.960 --> 0:07:16.240 are about water. Yeah, seawater actually salt and water. They're 0:07:16.280 --> 0:07:18.840 basically made up of the sea. I saw it put somewhere, 0:07:19.600 --> 0:07:24.160 you know, it's amazing. Um. So they they have basically 0:07:24.280 --> 0:07:29.560 one mouth where um stuff goes in and comes out. 0:07:30.520 --> 0:07:35.920 It's like a u mouth and oral anus. Basically, I 0:07:35.920 --> 0:07:37.840 don't even know if they refer to it as a mouth. 0:07:37.880 --> 0:07:40.360 Do they like somewhere in this thing? Didn't it called 0:07:40.360 --> 0:07:43.680 it literally like a body hole or something. Yeah, it's 0:07:43.720 --> 0:07:47.280 it's a pretty basic, basic organism, but it does a 0:07:47.280 --> 0:07:49.880 lot of things, so it's not Yeah, when you think 0:07:49.880 --> 0:07:52.480 of mouth, you just think eating. Not necessarily, Hey, let's 0:07:52.480 --> 0:07:55.760 put some sperm and egg in there too. It's like 0:07:55.800 --> 0:07:58.920 all purpose. Yeah, but they don't necessarily need in a 0:07:58.960 --> 0:08:02.880 mouth for eating because apparently they can absorb nutrients like 0:08:03.120 --> 0:08:05.760 just through their skin. Yeah, so they have they don't 0:08:05.760 --> 0:08:08.559 have a stomach, they don't have intestines, they don't have lungs. 0:08:08.600 --> 0:08:11.040 They're just like, get in my get in my skin 0:08:11.560 --> 0:08:15.200 nutrients and oxygen. And if you think about it, then 0:08:15.280 --> 0:08:19.880 they don't need lungs, they don't need like a they 0:08:19.880 --> 0:08:22.320 don't need a mouth, so they don't need to chew. 0:08:23.080 --> 0:08:26.440 All this stuff requires a lot of energy. They actually 0:08:26.480 --> 0:08:31.480 are extraordinarily efficient organisms, so they get a lot more 0:08:31.640 --> 0:08:34.520 energy out of the stuff that they take in than 0:08:34.640 --> 0:08:37.719 other things, which actually gives them a huge advantage we'll 0:08:37.760 --> 0:08:41.599 see later. Uh. So the outer cells, they have this epidermis, 0:08:41.640 --> 0:08:44.320 like we said, and it has what's called a nerve net, 0:08:44.840 --> 0:08:49.960 and it's just this net of nerves literally, um. And 0:08:50.000 --> 0:08:53.800 that it's it's it's their nervous system basically, and it's 0:08:53.840 --> 0:08:57.640 the it's the most basic, Um, I guess brain like 0:08:57.840 --> 0:09:02.800 structure of any organism on the planet, of any multicellular organism. 0:09:02.800 --> 0:09:04.960 I guess that's right. And so in the nerve net, 0:09:05.040 --> 0:09:07.600 not only does it have nerves, it also has some 0:09:07.640 --> 0:09:11.080 sort of specialized cells, like some that detect light so 0:09:11.160 --> 0:09:13.240 they can know that they need to move away from 0:09:13.240 --> 0:09:18.360 that boat spotlight. Uh, and then some that tell them 0:09:18.360 --> 0:09:23.680 whether they're moving up or down or whether they're upside down. Yeah, dummies, 0:09:23.760 --> 0:09:25.840 that's a that's a big one. You think about it. 0:09:25.880 --> 0:09:28.800 But I mean, like, that's if you don't have no 0:09:29.080 --> 0:09:31.480 But this is the weird part, man. This is so 0:09:31.559 --> 0:09:34.439 disturbing to me. This is almost as disturbing as squid 0:09:34.440 --> 0:09:40.239 having beaks. Some types of jellies, box jellies in particular, 0:09:41.200 --> 0:09:48.320 um box jellyfish have eyes, they have retinas lenses, but 0:09:48.440 --> 0:09:52.200 they don't have a brain. So scientists are like, how what, 0:09:52.320 --> 0:09:55.600 how are you processing these images that you're clearly taking 0:09:55.600 --> 0:09:59.200 in and responding to. Like we've shown you pictures of 0:09:59.280 --> 0:10:04.120 like um Sheryl lad and you like gave a thumbs up. 0:10:04.720 --> 0:10:08.679 So obviously you can use these eyes. But how are 0:10:08.760 --> 0:10:12.080 you sorting these images? You know? Yeah, they think it's 0:10:12.120 --> 0:10:15.440 that that nerve ring, but they're not sure, right, and 0:10:15.520 --> 0:10:20.400 that's a ring around Uh, it's concentration of nerves basically 0:10:20.760 --> 0:10:22.800 that they haven't figured out yet, but they think that's 0:10:23.240 --> 0:10:29.240 therein is the secret. It'd be like, um, it would 0:10:29.240 --> 0:10:33.559 be like now, I can't come with a good analysis. 0:10:33.600 --> 0:10:35.439 There's a million of them out there, but I'm not 0:10:35.920 --> 0:10:38.120 still jetlagged. I guess you'll think it one. I just 0:10:38.200 --> 0:10:40.760 want to apologize to everybody because that could have been great. 0:10:40.920 --> 0:10:43.720 I was on the edge of my seat. Uh. So, 0:10:43.840 --> 0:10:46.840 comb jellies they have a few things that the regular 0:10:46.960 --> 0:10:51.199 jelly does not have, uh, most notably the comb their 0:10:51.280 --> 0:10:56.040 name for these uh sillia, these giant fuse cilia. There's 0:10:56.080 --> 0:11:00.000 eight rows up and down their bodies and they basically 0:11:00.120 --> 0:11:02.319 are there ways of locomoting neck like little bit the 0:11:02.360 --> 0:11:06.280 oars paddling around in the water. And there are other 0:11:06.360 --> 0:11:08.280 animals that do this, but the comb jelly is the 0:11:08.360 --> 0:11:10.760 largest one to do this and to use this kind 0:11:10.760 --> 0:11:14.400 of locomotion, And it looks like a rainbow if you 0:11:14.400 --> 0:11:16.720 look one up, but you think it might be bioluminescent, 0:11:16.800 --> 0:11:20.040 but it's not. It's just light catching the silia and 0:11:20.160 --> 0:11:25.400 scattering it. It's beautiful. It is quite beautiful. But that's 0:11:25.440 --> 0:11:28.280 the thing that that separates comb jellies from jelly jellyfish 0:11:28.360 --> 0:11:32.080 most um pronounced lee right, Yeah, because a lot of 0:11:32.120 --> 0:11:37.840 their activities and just the stuff that they do, it's 0:11:37.880 --> 0:11:41.360 fairly similar the TV they watch, Yeah, but their means 0:11:41.360 --> 0:11:45.680 of locomotion are are really the big, huge distinction. Yeah. 0:11:45.720 --> 0:11:48.440 The a lot of the comb jellies have a single pair, 0:11:48.559 --> 0:11:50.600 just two tentacles, but it looks like more because they 0:11:50.640 --> 0:11:53.559 branch out um and they use those like little fishing 0:11:53.600 --> 0:11:57.280 lines because they have sticky cells uh color blasts at 0:11:57.280 --> 0:12:01.040 the end. And this is different uh big time the jellyfish. 0:12:01.080 --> 0:12:06.120 They don't sting. No, they use glue, which is pretty neaty. 0:12:06.160 --> 0:12:08.720 You won't be stung by a comb jelly, So just 0:12:09.040 --> 0:12:12.000 swim up and hug one. They love it when you 0:12:12.080 --> 0:12:15.920 do that. So um. When you think of a jellyfish, 0:12:15.960 --> 0:12:19.120 like a true jelly is what what they're called. Um 0:12:19.280 --> 0:12:23.240 there you think of like kind of this bell shaped, 0:12:23.960 --> 0:12:27.400 umbrella shaped thing with the tentacles hanging down. Beautiful. And 0:12:27.520 --> 0:12:30.800 if it's a jellyfish, that's actually one of two forms 0:12:30.840 --> 0:12:34.600 that it will take in its lifetime. Right, Um, it's 0:12:34.679 --> 0:12:38.160 that's the medusa form, and it's it's the adult form. 0:12:38.679 --> 0:12:42.680 There's a juvenile form called a polyp, and um, depending 0:12:42.720 --> 0:12:45.160 on when it is in its life cycle, it will 0:12:45.200 --> 0:12:48.240 either be in a meduca form or polyp form. Yeah, 0:12:48.320 --> 0:12:50.360 and we'll get into the little more of the life cycle. 0:12:50.400 --> 0:12:54.280 But a polyp can end up becoming a medusa or 0:12:54.440 --> 0:12:56.480 just might be happy as a little polyp and just 0:12:56.520 --> 0:12:59.480 stay as a polyp and create more meducea. Yeah, And 0:12:59.480 --> 0:13:03.160 the polyp looks like, um, it almost looks like a plant. 0:13:03.800 --> 0:13:07.240 It looks like a little stalk attached to something, usually 0:13:07.320 --> 0:13:11.040 the sand or as we'll see, maybe a oil rig 0:13:11.040 --> 0:13:12.440 out in the middle of the ocean or something, or 0:13:12.520 --> 0:13:16.360 cher a lad. That's right, because she's she's a deep 0:13:16.400 --> 0:13:21.880 water dweller at this point. Um, So it looks like 0:13:21.920 --> 0:13:23.240 a little plant. It's got it. It It looks like a 0:13:23.240 --> 0:13:27.520 little stalk. And then the uh, tentacles are blooming out 0:13:27.520 --> 0:13:30.600 of it, almost like a flower, yeah, like anemone or 0:13:30.640 --> 0:13:33.160 something like that. Yeah, And sometimes you see them many 0:13:33.200 --> 0:13:35.920 many of them together in a colony. You think that's 0:13:35.920 --> 0:13:39.000 an amazing plant. That's actually a jelly. Yeah, pretty cool 0:13:39.080 --> 0:13:40.840 if you would be able to tell if you poked 0:13:40.880 --> 0:13:44.560 it with your finger. That's right. So the size among 0:13:44.840 --> 0:13:49.520 jellies ants and um comb jellies are I mean, some 0:13:49.640 --> 0:13:53.520 of are just microscopic, others get pretty big. If there's 0:13:53.600 --> 0:13:56.439 one called the lion's main jellyfish, which on the whole 0:13:56.800 --> 0:13:59.959 across like the whole species, they are the largest jelly 0:14:00.040 --> 0:14:03.280 fish known to humankind. Did you see this thing? Yeah, 0:14:03.440 --> 0:14:07.400 it looks like photoshop when you see a scuba diver 0:14:07.520 --> 0:14:11.199 up next to one. It definitely does. Like the bell 0:14:11.280 --> 0:14:15.280 actually gets to be six ft wide, ye. Yeah, and 0:14:15.320 --> 0:14:20.160 the tentacles are like, um long, fifty long, yeah, and 0:14:20.240 --> 0:14:22.960 some some get bigger than that. But that's you know, 0:14:23.080 --> 0:14:27.640 the average size of one of those. This is pretty neat. Yeah, 0:14:27.720 --> 0:14:31.800 I mean they're not to be feared, but swimming up 0:14:31.800 --> 0:14:34.800 to something that large and that kind of creepy looking 0:14:35.120 --> 0:14:38.160 is not for me. That's all. I'll say that eats anything. 0:14:38.480 --> 0:14:42.400 It'll eat anything like people. Yeah, no, I won't need 0:14:42.440 --> 0:14:47.760 a person. I don't know if they were big enough 0:14:47.800 --> 0:14:50.480 it it might all right. So let's talk a little 0:14:50.480 --> 0:14:54.840 bit about the various types. UM. We'll start with Nadaria, 0:14:54.920 --> 0:14:59.720 which is the the jellyfish itself, not the comb. There 0:14:59.720 --> 0:15:02.760 are more than ten thousand species, uh, and about four 0:15:02.840 --> 0:15:05.920 thousand or fewer actually are what we think of as 0:15:06.000 --> 0:15:09.720 the true jelly the medusa that we know and love, uh. 0:15:09.760 --> 0:15:13.240 And within that there are quite a few different types, 0:15:13.600 --> 0:15:17.800 one of which is the skiffa zoa. And this is 0:15:17.840 --> 0:15:22.440 the most common true jellyfish that you can imagine. When 0:15:22.440 --> 0:15:25.720 you picture jelly fish in your mind, you're probably thinking 0:15:25.720 --> 0:15:33.720 of the skiffa zoa UM. The hydrozoa are um imposts. Well, 0:15:33.760 --> 0:15:36.120 they're they're the ones who they spend most of their 0:15:36.160 --> 0:15:39.600 time as polyps, right, So the skiff a zoa spend 0:15:39.600 --> 0:15:43.479 most of their time in the medusa phase. The hydrozoa 0:15:43.600 --> 0:15:45.680 are the ones that look like plants at the bottom 0:15:45.720 --> 0:15:50.040 and are just reproducing like mad um. And they actually 0:15:50.760 --> 0:15:54.360 can come together and create what are called colonial siphon 0:15:54.440 --> 0:15:58.240 of force. And that's a you know, a Portuguese man 0:15:58.240 --> 0:16:01.520 of war. Yeah, okay, so that is actually not a 0:16:01.560 --> 0:16:05.680 true jellyfish. It's actually a collection. It's a it's a 0:16:05.720 --> 0:16:10.080 colony that comes together to act like one large organism, right, 0:16:10.640 --> 0:16:13.480 and it's made up of persons. So like there's the 0:16:13.640 --> 0:16:17.480 person that is in charge of digestion, there's the person 0:16:17.560 --> 0:16:20.600 that's in charge of catching prey. There's the person that's 0:16:20.640 --> 0:16:24.120 in charge of locomotion. And rather than these things being 0:16:24.160 --> 0:16:28.200 bodied parts, they're actually individual organisms that are genetically identical 0:16:28.280 --> 0:16:30.640 the one another because they all come from the same egg. 0:16:31.040 --> 0:16:35.280 But they're actually a colony. Does that make sense? Like, 0:16:35.400 --> 0:16:40.520 imagine if your organs were various actual organisms that came 0:16:40.560 --> 0:16:43.480 together to make you. It's like the polyphonic spree of 0:16:44.440 --> 0:16:47.360 the ocean world. Exactly. It's amazing. That's exactly what I 0:16:47.440 --> 0:16:50.440 was driving at. Uh. Next up, we have the Cuba 0:16:50.520 --> 0:16:53.720 zoa and that's you mentioned the box jellyfish. They look 0:16:53.800 --> 0:16:56.520 like a box is more squared looking. Those are the 0:16:56.560 --> 0:16:59.560 most dangerous ones. Yeah. They have the most potent venom, 0:16:59.640 --> 0:17:03.119 and it is of us stuff, not just of jellyfish, 0:17:03.160 --> 0:17:06.000 of any animal on the planet. Yeah, the sea wasp 0:17:06.040 --> 0:17:12.160 has the most powerful venom for humans, I should say 0:17:12.359 --> 0:17:16.040 the sea wasp in that just awesome sounding. Yeah, that 0:17:16.119 --> 0:17:18.400 sounds like something you want to avoid at all costs. Yeah. 0:17:19.200 --> 0:17:21.359 Uh so these guys are the ones that have a 0:17:21.400 --> 0:17:25.800 more complex nervous system, that have the the eyes right 0:17:26.400 --> 0:17:28.360 with the corneas and things, which so they're the most 0:17:28.400 --> 0:17:32.280 deadly and they're looking at you. Yeah, they're saying, I'm 0:17:32.320 --> 0:17:37.520 coming for you. The star o zoa. Uh stock jellyfishes, 0:17:37.640 --> 0:17:41.080 and they don't float. They are actually like to cling 0:17:41.119 --> 0:17:44.480 onto things and attached to things, and they're mainly cold water. 0:17:44.960 --> 0:17:48.239 But all you can find most all kinds are not 0:17:48.280 --> 0:17:50.639 all kinds. You can find some kind of jellyfish and 0:17:50.680 --> 0:17:54.160 almost any kind of water, any kind of ocean water 0:17:54.200 --> 0:17:56.760 in the world. Well not just that there's some thriving 0:17:56.840 --> 0:17:59.760 fresh water. There's a type of jellyfish that is um 0:17:59.800 --> 0:18:04.159 all over the Great Lakes. It was originally it's native 0:18:04.200 --> 0:18:06.480 to China, and they think that it was brought over 0:18:07.080 --> 0:18:12.000 originally from China to England in like a water lily shipment, 0:18:12.640 --> 0:18:16.480 because it was first discovered in the westn like garden ponds, 0:18:17.000 --> 0:18:19.480 and it somehow made its way to the Great Lakes. 0:18:19.480 --> 0:18:22.560 And now there's a freshwater jellyfish that's about I think 0:18:22.680 --> 0:18:25.760 the size of your thumbnail, depending on what size your 0:18:25.760 --> 0:18:29.359 thumbnail is in the Great Lakes, that's a jellyfish, and 0:18:29.400 --> 0:18:32.160 it's a true jellyfish. And we should say also with 0:18:32.320 --> 0:18:35.440 um jellyfish locomotion, they don't use the silly a like 0:18:35.560 --> 0:18:40.879 a comb jellyfish does. They in Medusa form expand and 0:18:40.920 --> 0:18:44.560 contract the bell, right, And I was reading I think 0:18:44.600 --> 0:18:48.080 it was a Scientific American or Popular Science one of 0:18:48.119 --> 0:18:50.760 those two all posted on the podcast Pitch, but it 0:18:50.840 --> 0:18:55.760 was they some researchers examined how jellyfish move and they 0:18:55.800 --> 0:18:59.320 found that not only are they like um able to 0:18:59.400 --> 0:19:03.840 move when they when they expand and then contract in 0:19:03.920 --> 0:19:08.000 the resting motion of their bell, of vortex actually forms 0:19:08.000 --> 0:19:11.320 in the water above them and moves beneath them and 0:19:11.359 --> 0:19:14.119 moves them up that way. So they're constantly moving, but 0:19:14.160 --> 0:19:17.680 they're only exerting like half of the energy needed to 0:19:17.720 --> 0:19:21.760 move forward, to propel forward or upward. Right. So that's 0:19:21.800 --> 0:19:25.359 even one more way that they're an incredibly efficient type 0:19:25.359 --> 0:19:28.200 of animal. Yeah, without a brain, they're pretty smart. Yep, 0:19:28.320 --> 0:19:31.080 you know what I mean. Uh, should we take a break? 0:19:31.520 --> 0:19:33.080 All right, We'll take a break, and we're gonna come 0:19:33.080 --> 0:19:36.600 back and dive into the wonderful world of comb jellies. 0:20:00.600 --> 0:20:02.919 All right, So we talked about just a few of 0:20:03.000 --> 0:20:07.840 the standard jellyfish. The comb jellies are way way fewer 0:20:07.840 --> 0:20:12.080 species of the tina fours. Um, we're talking I think 0:20:12.560 --> 0:20:14.560 ten thousand for the other. This is about a hundred 0:20:14.640 --> 0:20:20.240 to a hundred and fifty. Yeah, not even hundred hundred fifty. Yeah, 0:20:20.280 --> 0:20:23.600 But they're saying that it's possible that these are just 0:20:23.720 --> 0:20:27.520 the ones we are aware of because um, we've encountered 0:20:27.520 --> 0:20:30.119 them in coastal waters that may be way more in 0:20:30.200 --> 0:20:33.000 deep sea. Yeah. They don't know much about those guys, right, right. 0:20:33.200 --> 0:20:34.840 And the ones that are in deep see that we've 0:20:34.920 --> 0:20:38.840 encountered tend to be so fragile that we can't collect them. Yeah, 0:20:38.880 --> 0:20:40.640 because they're not tough, because they don't have to put 0:20:40.720 --> 0:20:43.520 up with you know, their meriads and waves and yeah, 0:20:43.680 --> 0:20:45.719 they just float out there and yeah, you look at 0:20:45.760 --> 0:20:49.320 them too hard and they crumble. Um. So one type 0:20:49.320 --> 0:20:53.800 of a comb jelly is uh sodipid uh and they 0:20:53.800 --> 0:20:57.080 are all round their spherical or oval. They have those 0:20:57.080 --> 0:20:59.920 branch tentacles that we talked about, and those tend of 0:21:00.000 --> 0:21:01.600 goals are a little unique and that they can actually 0:21:01.680 --> 0:21:04.240 draw them back into the body when it's cold, yeah, 0:21:04.240 --> 0:21:08.880 which is pretty cool. Really okay, so I believe, uh yeah. 0:21:08.880 --> 0:21:11.160 And they have like sheaths on the sides of their 0:21:11.160 --> 0:21:15.199 mouths that it draws back into, which is pretty cool. Amazing. Um. 0:21:15.280 --> 0:21:19.760 Then there's low baits, uh, which have lobes on the 0:21:19.800 --> 0:21:25.320 sides right, um, and that's about it. They have the 0:21:25.359 --> 0:21:29.399 lobes and that's what they're known for. Baroids. These are 0:21:29.440 --> 0:21:32.879 kind of cool. These are the dudes that have no tentacles. 0:21:33.760 --> 0:21:35.960 So the way they eat is they have a big, 0:21:36.000 --> 0:21:39.080 big mouth that draws in a lot of stuff and 0:21:39.080 --> 0:21:42.880 then a very tight, almost zipper like thing that shuts 0:21:43.359 --> 0:21:45.560 and then they can shut that mouth really hard and 0:21:45.600 --> 0:21:49.080 just wash all that stuff up. Well, they have cilia 0:21:49.200 --> 0:21:52.480 inside their mouths that act like teeths that pull their 0:21:52.520 --> 0:21:58.480 prey apart alive teethes tooth teeth. Yeah, oh man, that's weird. 0:21:58.600 --> 0:22:02.920 Set leg um. But the little the teeth just pick 0:22:02.960 --> 0:22:05.560 it like their prey and just pull them apart. It 0:22:05.600 --> 0:22:09.080 dissolves them basically mechanically. Amazing. Have you ever seen a 0:22:09.160 --> 0:22:14.280 video of um, the uh, the pelican who's just standing 0:22:14.280 --> 0:22:16.280 there and there's a pigeon like on the ground right 0:22:16.320 --> 0:22:17.720 in front of him, and all of a sudden, the 0:22:17.760 --> 0:22:20.800 pigeon the pelican just eats the pigeon, and the pigeons 0:22:20.840 --> 0:22:23.240 like trying to get out of the pelicans like huge mouth, 0:22:23.880 --> 0:22:27.040 and the pelicans just sitting there like nothing's happening, and 0:22:27.040 --> 0:22:30.760 then finally like the pigeon stops moving. It is really 0:22:30.800 --> 0:22:35.040 disturbing because you you, you know, like pelicans don't normally 0:22:35.080 --> 0:22:37.679 eat live pigeons, so there's like there's something wrong with 0:22:37.720 --> 0:22:43.440 this pelican or it was just like no remorse whatsoever. Yeah, 0:22:43.560 --> 0:22:47.520 it's a it's a disconcerting video, especially if you're a 0:22:47.520 --> 0:22:50.720 pigeon lover, which I'm not. I'm it's not like I 0:22:50.760 --> 0:22:53.400 hate pigeons, but you don't want to see him get 0:22:54.160 --> 0:22:57.480 you know, eaten eaten by a pelican. Yeah, it's it's weird. 0:22:57.840 --> 0:23:02.080 It's totally strange. Where do you find the stuff it's around? 0:23:02.160 --> 0:23:05.520 It's so weird. I think you may showed me that one. Yeah, 0:23:05.520 --> 0:23:09.280 you guys always have a lot of weird videos. Your fingertips, 0:23:09.680 --> 0:23:11.399 You and you me are just always talking about like 0:23:11.440 --> 0:23:13.840 did you see the one where you know the pelican 0:23:13.960 --> 0:23:17.120 ate the pigeons. Yeah, I guess so that's pretty neat. 0:23:18.000 --> 0:23:22.160 Um Comb jellies distribution wise, they are also all over 0:23:22.200 --> 0:23:25.320 the oceans. Uh. They do perform a little warmer water though, 0:23:25.520 --> 0:23:28.800 but you can't find them anywhere. Um. So we're talking 0:23:28.800 --> 0:23:31.199 earlier about the fact that they are from different phyla 0:23:31.800 --> 0:23:35.640 and that there's this, you know, drunken argument going on 0:23:36.280 --> 0:23:39.920 among scientists at the Monterey Bay Aquaria about how how 0:23:39.960 --> 0:23:43.240 closely related they are. Um. They used to all be 0:23:43.320 --> 0:23:49.800 described as uh seln selenerata, which is hollow bellied. Oh yeah, 0:23:50.040 --> 0:23:52.359 makes sense, but they don't. They don't say that anymore, 0:23:53.080 --> 0:23:55.680 not in these and if you want to be ridiculed 0:23:56.280 --> 0:23:59.560 by your peers, call them that. But some people say, 0:23:59.720 --> 0:24:02.240 you know, their sister groups. Some people say, nope, they're 0:24:02.240 --> 0:24:06.000 not even that closely related. Uh so the debate rages on. 0:24:06.119 --> 0:24:09.840 I guess yep. So. Um. What what's interesting is that 0:24:09.880 --> 0:24:12.639 we even know how long jellies have been around because 0:24:12.800 --> 0:24:17.200 there they have no solid parts. Yeah, you'd think it'd 0:24:17.200 --> 0:24:20.400 be hard to find a fossil. They have gelatinous parts. 0:24:20.400 --> 0:24:23.080 They don't have any hardened parts. Yeah, that would be 0:24:23.119 --> 0:24:26.359 fossilized easily. But there have been some discoveries, some amazing 0:24:26.400 --> 0:24:31.080 discoveries of jellyfish and um comb jellies from about five 0:24:31.480 --> 0:24:34.560 million years ago. It's the I believe, the oldest known 0:24:34.600 --> 0:24:38.920 specimens found. And there's this one found in Utah because 0:24:38.920 --> 0:24:42.239 apparently Utah used to be a shallow inland sea and 0:24:42.240 --> 0:24:44.920 it had these jellyfish in it. And I guess something 0:24:45.000 --> 0:24:48.640 happened to this jellyfish. It was crushed by a rock, 0:24:50.280 --> 0:24:52.840 something a lot of pressure, I would think, but all 0:24:52.840 --> 0:24:55.200 of a sudden it just captured it. Because it's it's 0:24:55.240 --> 0:24:58.560 like a perfect it's like a drawing of a jellyfish 0:24:58.600 --> 0:25:02.080