1 00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:10,000 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to step mom? Never told you? 3 00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:17,799 Speaker 1: From house to works dot Com? Hey, and welcome to podcast. 4 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:20,440 Speaker 1: This is Molly. I'm Kristin. Kristin. You want to hear 5 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:25,000 Speaker 1: some movie news? Sure? Um, I was reading the internets yesterday, 6 00:00:25,239 --> 00:00:28,319 Speaker 1: and um, I saw some movie news involving two of 7 00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:30,400 Speaker 1: our our favorites. I think if I can be so 8 00:00:30,480 --> 00:00:32,159 Speaker 1: bold as to say these people are your favorites to 9 00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:35,400 Speaker 1: Tina Fee and Steve Carrell, they've got a movie coming 10 00:00:35,400 --> 00:00:37,479 Speaker 1: out in April called Date Night, but they might work 11 00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:39,919 Speaker 1: together again, because right now they're working on this thing 12 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:46,600 Speaker 1: called Mail Order Groom, and it's gonna feature you know what, 13 00:00:46,640 --> 00:00:48,480 Speaker 1: sound too happy about it, and I just keep going. 14 00:00:49,159 --> 00:00:53,040 Speaker 1: It's gonna feature Tina Faye as a woman who's unlucky 15 00:00:53,040 --> 00:00:56,640 Speaker 1: in love, so unlucky that she orders a groom from 16 00:00:56,680 --> 00:00:59,960 Speaker 1: the Ukraine to be played by Steve Carrell and Hilaria 17 00:01:00,040 --> 00:01:03,240 Speaker 1: You will hopefully ensue. Hopefully in sue. I don't know, 18 00:01:04,160 --> 00:01:08,199 Speaker 1: but let's I think that you always find humor in 19 00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:11,280 Speaker 1: income in uh situations that already exist. And so then 20 00:01:11,319 --> 00:01:13,720 Speaker 1: I tried to see if I could mail order a room. Yeah, 21 00:01:13,760 --> 00:01:15,400 Speaker 1: I didn't get no one come in. I didn't get 22 00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:18,360 Speaker 1: any options. I couldn't find I couldn't really find good site. 23 00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:20,720 Speaker 1: You couldn't mail order a groom in this day and age. 24 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:23,559 Speaker 1: I couldn't find any that I wanted. I mean, maybe 25 00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:25,479 Speaker 1: I didn't maybe I wasn't searching far and wide enough. 26 00:01:25,520 --> 00:01:27,240 Speaker 1: But I googled. I saw my results and I was like, 27 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:30,280 Speaker 1: But then I was like, well, mail order brides are 28 00:01:30,319 --> 00:01:33,000 Speaker 1: they still a thing? And they are and they are 29 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:36,760 Speaker 1: big time there are. This is going to an article 30 00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:39,800 Speaker 1: to be found UM two thousand six article in Harper's. 31 00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:43,480 Speaker 1: It is estimated that well over a hundred thousand women 32 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:46,400 Speaker 1: across the world are listed on the Internet as available 33 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:49,400 Speaker 1: for marriage to Western men. So it's not really you know, 34 00:01:49,480 --> 00:01:51,320 Speaker 1: like the mail we think of mail order brides. You 35 00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:56,040 Speaker 1: know the old West, old plane, the airplane and tall. Yeah, 36 00:01:56,320 --> 00:01:58,360 Speaker 1: farmers would have to write off for a wife. Yeah, 37 00:01:58,440 --> 00:02:01,080 Speaker 1: get to get a wife shipped in from from the West. 38 00:02:01,120 --> 00:02:05,680 Speaker 1: But now with the magic of the interweb, uh, it 39 00:02:05,840 --> 00:02:09,520 Speaker 1: is mail d brides are robust business. It's the boom 40 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:12,520 Speaker 1: and business. But whereas you know, in the wild West. 41 00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:15,919 Speaker 1: We have this this vision of very proper ladies who 42 00:02:15,919 --> 00:02:18,240 Speaker 1: probably already had maybe a small fortune to their name, 43 00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:20,920 Speaker 1: coming out to this brand new land. It's sort of 44 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:24,360 Speaker 1: the reverse now. Now it's more women who lack resources 45 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:27,480 Speaker 1: hoping to come to men who already have them. So 46 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:30,800 Speaker 1: there's a different sort of um money dynamic that plays 47 00:02:30,840 --> 00:02:35,520 Speaker 1: into it. Yeah, because you obviously have to pay for 48 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:39,360 Speaker 1: these brides. I mean, it's not like going on doing 49 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:41,600 Speaker 1: online dating where you know, you can just like meet 50 00:02:41,639 --> 00:02:45,040 Speaker 1: up with someone and hope you hit it off. You Uh, 51 00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:47,000 Speaker 1: there's some fees to go along with this. Like for 52 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:51,440 Speaker 1: this Harper's article, the author sort of did a mail 53 00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:56,840 Speaker 1: order embedded mission and he paid four thousand dollars to 54 00:02:56,880 --> 00:03:01,080 Speaker 1: a company called a Foreign Affair that basically took a 55 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:05,359 Speaker 1: group of men to the Ukraine for a bride hunt. 56 00:03:05,680 --> 00:03:08,640 Speaker 1: Who would have all these women come to these social 57 00:03:08,639 --> 00:03:12,239 Speaker 1: events kind of like it reminded me of millionaire Matchmaker 58 00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:16,639 Speaker 1: on Bravo on steroids, Yeah, because you would be like 59 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:20,280 Speaker 1: five guys and then two women would come in hordes 60 00:03:20,360 --> 00:03:24,960 Speaker 1: of women, and they would have these dossiers with photos 61 00:03:25,040 --> 00:03:26,600 Speaker 1: of all the women and their names and everything, so 62 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:28,680 Speaker 1: they could kind of pick out who they liked and 63 00:03:28,720 --> 00:03:30,600 Speaker 1: remember their names. Then they would have little slips of 64 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:32,919 Speaker 1: paper that they could, you know, write their phone numbers 65 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 1: down and then maybe take them on a date later. 66 00:03:35,400 --> 00:03:38,480 Speaker 1: But they would literally meet hundreds and hundreds of women 67 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,440 Speaker 1: and then a week later, hopefully leave the Ukraine with 68 00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:47,760 Speaker 1: a fiancee. I mean, if that's what I call romance. Okay, Well, 69 00:03:47,800 --> 00:03:49,840 Speaker 1: you know we were being these articles. I think that 70 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:52,600 Speaker 1: it's very easy to get judgmental. We were talking about 71 00:03:52,600 --> 00:03:54,000 Speaker 1: this before we came in. How you know, we like 72 00:03:54,080 --> 00:03:56,680 Speaker 1: to be non judgmental about all our topics, but it 73 00:03:56,840 --> 00:03:59,760 Speaker 1: is kind of hard to divorce yourself from a little 74 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:03,720 Speaker 1: and the creepiness of five guys going to the Ukraine 75 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,080 Speaker 1: and meeting these hundreds of women, and you know this hardper't. 76 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:09,520 Speaker 1: Archical by Christopher A. Garon points out that, you know, 77 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:12,040 Speaker 1: some of these guys treat it as a little bit 78 00:04:12,200 --> 00:04:14,920 Speaker 1: of a sex tour that you know, they meet these women. 79 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:18,240 Speaker 1: They're kind of auditioning women for the role of wife. 80 00:04:18,600 --> 00:04:20,400 Speaker 1: And like you said, it is kind of a reality 81 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:24,159 Speaker 1: show on steroids in terms of the opportunities they get 82 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:27,960 Speaker 1: and um their attitude tour. But let's let's back up 83 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:29,600 Speaker 1: a little bit and let's try and be a little 84 00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:31,880 Speaker 1: non judgmental about it. Let's maybe talk about a little 85 00:04:31,880 --> 00:04:35,599 Speaker 1: bit about the history of mail order brides in the 86 00:04:35,680 --> 00:04:38,680 Speaker 1: United States. We mentioned the idea of the kind of 87 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: the Old West mail order brides, but even before that, 88 00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:46,920 Speaker 1: Louis the fifteenth actually sent over women referred to as 89 00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:51,680 Speaker 1: casket girls from France to marry Louisiana colonists in the 90 00:04:51,760 --> 00:04:54,760 Speaker 1: early eighteenth century, and they were referred to as casket 91 00:04:54,760 --> 00:04:58,839 Speaker 1: girls because of the I guess the shape of the 92 00:04:58,960 --> 00:05:01,839 Speaker 1: chests that they were into to bring all their belongings. 93 00:05:02,560 --> 00:05:06,640 Speaker 1: And now this article points out that, you know, while 94 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:09,520 Speaker 1: we have this vision of wild West Miller bride's happening 95 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:11,840 Speaker 1: all the time, it probably was not you know, that 96 00:05:11,960 --> 00:05:14,240 Speaker 1: omni present. It wasn't like every man was writing home. 97 00:05:14,600 --> 00:05:17,120 Speaker 1: But I think we mentioned this in our Online Dating podcast. 98 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:19,960 Speaker 1: There were, you know, many magazines of the day that 99 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:24,400 Speaker 1: would have, you know, a bride option in the classified. 100 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:26,839 Speaker 1: So it was a way to meet people. And as 101 00:05:26,839 --> 00:05:29,760 Speaker 1: we mentioned online dating, Internet, as you already said today, Kristen, 102 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:34,080 Speaker 1: it it really it really expands the business just because 103 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:36,520 Speaker 1: it opens it up to everyone with an Internet connection. 104 00:05:37,080 --> 00:05:40,120 Speaker 1: So for a while this was very popular in just 105 00:05:40,440 --> 00:05:44,440 Speaker 1: Southeast Asia, and then in the ninth mid nineties there 106 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:47,720 Speaker 1: was just this huge boom of women when the Soviet 107 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:50,560 Speaker 1: Union collapsed, of women hoping to make a better life 108 00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:54,159 Speaker 1: for themselves in America and so um, that's sort of 109 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:57,560 Speaker 1: where the main team markets for this occur in Southeast 110 00:05:57,600 --> 00:06:02,719 Speaker 1: Asia and the and the old Soviet Union. Now. The 111 00:06:02,800 --> 00:06:06,039 Speaker 1: interesting thing too, when we're looking at the history of 112 00:06:06,080 --> 00:06:09,200 Speaker 1: male order brides is also the resurgence in the United 113 00:06:09,279 --> 00:06:12,920 Speaker 1: States that takes place in the nineteen seventies, because it 114 00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:15,080 Speaker 1: kind of dies out for a little while in the 115 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:18,279 Speaker 1: twentieth century once, I guess probably once you know, the 116 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:21,160 Speaker 1: United States starts to fill up in their available men 117 00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:24,480 Speaker 1: and women around when there's no more Wild West. Yes, 118 00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:27,560 Speaker 1: when the Wild West was one. But then in the 119 00:06:27,640 --> 00:06:33,480 Speaker 1: seventies we have more men returning to this mail order system. 120 00:06:33,640 --> 00:06:38,880 Speaker 1: And they largely blame it on the feminist movement. Yes, 121 00:06:39,080 --> 00:06:42,800 Speaker 1: apparently US American women got to do upity for our 122 00:06:42,839 --> 00:06:46,080 Speaker 1: own good. Too, many wacky women just throw in their 123 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:49,000 Speaker 1: aprons away and going off to work. How dare we 124 00:06:49,040 --> 00:06:52,240 Speaker 1: think it could be equal? It really affected male female relations, 125 00:06:52,279 --> 00:06:53,920 Speaker 1: I mean, but That's why I think where we're starting 126 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:55,800 Speaker 1: to bring in our own perspective on it. Christ. I mean, 127 00:06:55,800 --> 00:06:57,919 Speaker 1: it's impossible not to because I feel like every article 128 00:06:57,920 --> 00:07:01,000 Speaker 1: we read on this phenomenon the shured some quote from 129 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:02,359 Speaker 1: a guy that would kind of just rub you the 130 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:04,599 Speaker 1: wrong way, Like I just wanted a woman who would 131 00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:06,520 Speaker 1: cook my dinner and take care of my kids. I 132 00:07:06,520 --> 00:07:10,160 Speaker 1: think the phrase traditional values comes up, but that's not 133 00:07:10,200 --> 00:07:13,760 Speaker 1: two distraditional values. But I think that, you know, they 134 00:07:14,680 --> 00:07:16,680 Speaker 1: there was just sort of this. I mean, I think 135 00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:20,840 Speaker 1: it's wrong to pinpoint that all American women have thrown 136 00:07:20,880 --> 00:07:25,400 Speaker 1: away traditional values and that all um Southeast Asian or 137 00:07:25,520 --> 00:07:28,760 Speaker 1: Ukrainian women have them. You know, That's where it gets 138 00:07:28,840 --> 00:07:30,920 Speaker 1: kind of, you know, it rubs you the wrong ways 139 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:35,120 Speaker 1: that we're relying on these mass cultural stereotypes of how 140 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:38,680 Speaker 1: feminism works in the world. But I mean it's valid. 141 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:40,320 Speaker 1: Seems to be why these men go over there as 142 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:43,960 Speaker 1: they want, you know, the opposite of what an American 143 00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:47,160 Speaker 1: woman is portrayed to be. But the modern male order 144 00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:50,800 Speaker 1: broad industry really started as just a simple business venture. 145 00:07:51,280 --> 00:07:53,200 Speaker 1: The New York Times. This is an article we found 146 00:07:53,200 --> 00:07:56,480 Speaker 1: from Nino Actually, uh, The New York Times attributes it 147 00:07:56,560 --> 00:07:59,960 Speaker 1: to a man named John Broussard, who in nineteen seven 148 00:08:00,200 --> 00:08:05,960 Speaker 1: four expanded his import business of bulls and vases to 149 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:09,680 Speaker 1: uh to women, to Asian women. Yeah. I mean if 150 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:14,800 Speaker 1: you like their handicrafts, will probably like their women. Yeah. 151 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:18,000 Speaker 1: But um, but you know now there are hundreds of 152 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:20,920 Speaker 1: these firms online. What started with that? With that simple 153 00:08:20,960 --> 00:08:24,120 Speaker 1: import business. Now, basically you can sign up with a 154 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:27,160 Speaker 1: service like the popular one that the Harper's art called 155 00:08:27,560 --> 00:08:30,520 Speaker 1: deals with is called a foreign affair. But if you 156 00:08:30,760 --> 00:08:33,160 Speaker 1: just a simple Google search will turn up tons of them, 157 00:08:33,200 --> 00:08:37,000 Speaker 1: things like Russian wives dot com, Asian wives dot com, 158 00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:40,600 Speaker 1: you know, all sorts of variations on that theme. And 159 00:08:40,679 --> 00:08:44,400 Speaker 1: basically Harper says that that a foreign affair could take 160 00:08:44,400 --> 00:08:47,719 Speaker 1: a man from the from sign up to wedding for 161 00:08:47,720 --> 00:08:52,200 Speaker 1: about ten thousand dollars, from your membership fees to the 162 00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:57,160 Speaker 1: fees of ordering the addresses for these women, um, to 163 00:08:57,679 --> 00:09:00,800 Speaker 1: the dates, to the trip over there to meet her, 164 00:09:00,840 --> 00:09:05,600 Speaker 1: et cetera. Ten grand. Hey, now all right, let's have 165 00:09:05,640 --> 00:09:09,120 Speaker 1: some feminist sensibilities clicking and say, hey, women are for sale. 166 00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:13,200 Speaker 1: That's that's not good. And some organizations will classify this 167 00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:17,040 Speaker 1: as human trafficking. But you know what these people would 168 00:09:17,040 --> 00:09:19,720 Speaker 1: say in return is that, hey, the women sign up 169 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:21,920 Speaker 1: to do it, they get to say yes or no. 170 00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:24,680 Speaker 1: It's not like, you know, the man kidnaps the woman, 171 00:09:25,080 --> 00:09:27,400 Speaker 1: she says, yes, I will marry you. Of course, you 172 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:29,640 Speaker 1: could argue that if she doesn't speak English, that maybe 173 00:09:30,320 --> 00:09:34,720 Speaker 1: maybe the uh, the distinction is is small. But you know, 174 00:09:34,840 --> 00:09:38,240 Speaker 1: it's basically a glorified form of online dating. You know, 175 00:09:38,320 --> 00:09:41,280 Speaker 1: two people meet via the internet. It's just that you know, 176 00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:43,280 Speaker 1: one of them paid an awful lot of money to 177 00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:47,120 Speaker 1: to do so. But once the mail order brides are 178 00:09:47,280 --> 00:09:51,560 Speaker 1: united with their prospective husbands in the States or in 179 00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:55,040 Speaker 1: other countries, there's actually uh, it's very very popular for 180 00:09:55,160 --> 00:09:58,320 Speaker 1: Filipino women to um kind of go over to uh 181 00:09:58,400 --> 00:10:02,599 Speaker 1: what was it, South korearea, and once the marriage is finalized, 182 00:10:02,720 --> 00:10:06,000 Speaker 1: things can can definitely go wrong, as you can imagine 183 00:10:06,600 --> 00:10:10,320 Speaker 1: culture shop, yeah, culture shock with these situations, um, and 184 00:10:10,679 --> 00:10:14,760 Speaker 1: sometimes there is domestic violence that happens. These women will leave, 185 00:10:14,800 --> 00:10:17,640 Speaker 1: the men will go crazy, who knows. And so the 186 00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:23,120 Speaker 1: US is actually instituted laws in two thousand five to 187 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:27,160 Speaker 1: protect provide more protection for these women and kind of 188 00:10:27,200 --> 00:10:30,200 Speaker 1: make sure that nothing shady is going on in these 189 00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:34,160 Speaker 1: in these essentially marriage deals that are being brokered. And 190 00:10:34,240 --> 00:10:38,520 Speaker 1: A President Bush signed the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act 191 00:10:38,840 --> 00:10:43,000 Speaker 1: or IMBRA in two thousand five. And under this new law, 192 00:10:43,840 --> 00:10:48,560 Speaker 1: um any i m b s UH International marriage Yes 193 00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:52,559 Speaker 1: under U S jurisdiction would be required to provide prospective 194 00:10:52,559 --> 00:10:56,760 Speaker 1: brides with detailed information any client requesting their information, including 195 00:10:56,760 --> 00:10:59,720 Speaker 1: a search of federal and state sex funder registries and 196 00:10:59,720 --> 00:11:02,440 Speaker 1: a be the client stated marital and criminal background to 197 00:11:02,720 --> 00:11:07,640 Speaker 1: basically make sure that these women are not marrying some devions. Yeah, 198 00:11:07,679 --> 00:11:11,800 Speaker 1: because there were a number of unfortunate cases where you know, 199 00:11:11,840 --> 00:11:14,040 Speaker 1: not only was their domestic violence, but actually the women 200 00:11:14,040 --> 00:11:17,040 Speaker 1: were murdered. Probably most notable I think UM is a 201 00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:20,960 Speaker 1: case the case of Anastasia King, who's um who she 202 00:11:21,080 --> 00:11:23,880 Speaker 1: was the second um male or bride that this man 203 00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:26,680 Speaker 1: had brought over. The first one had a restraining order 204 00:11:26,679 --> 00:11:28,520 Speaker 1: against him, and he had I started the process of 205 00:11:28,520 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 1: finding a third one. So they were saying that you know, 206 00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:32,800 Speaker 1: this process is a little bit like a one way 207 00:11:32,840 --> 00:11:35,280 Speaker 1: mirror where the guy gets, like you said, a dossier 208 00:11:35,400 --> 00:11:37,480 Speaker 1: on these women and the women just show up and 209 00:11:37,480 --> 00:11:40,480 Speaker 1: hope that they're picked because you know, they're in a 210 00:11:40,520 --> 00:11:43,680 Speaker 1: country where there are a few educational opportunities. The men 211 00:11:44,160 --> 00:11:46,520 Speaker 1: that they're talking about, the Ukrainian men, you know, they drink, 212 00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:49,720 Speaker 1: they have shorter lifespans, they smoke, they don't treat women 213 00:11:49,760 --> 00:11:52,080 Speaker 1: with respect that you know, they do have these traditional 214 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:54,080 Speaker 1: values that men seek. But it's not like you know, 215 00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:56,599 Speaker 1: they are they're getting something out of it too, you 216 00:11:56,720 --> 00:11:59,840 Speaker 1: I mean, they're they're far more economic opportunities to be 217 00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:02,400 Speaker 1: in the US compared with the place, you know, like 218 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:05,480 Speaker 1: the Ukraine. Right, So things like embrod designed to give 219 00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:08,480 Speaker 1: a little bit more transparency these women who, yes, they're 220 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:11,679 Speaker 1: eager to get out of a bad situation, um, but 221 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:13,440 Speaker 1: you know they don't want to step right into another 222 00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:17,120 Speaker 1: bad situation. Yeah. And as you can imagine in our 223 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:21,679 Speaker 1: post nine eleven uh environment home, the Department of Home 224 00:12:21,720 --> 00:12:25,000 Speaker 1: in Security has become more vigilant on running background checks 225 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:28,479 Speaker 1: on Americans who are petitioning for a fiance or spousal 226 00:12:29,200 --> 00:12:33,000 Speaker 1: visa to I guess, crackdown on a little bit more 227 00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:37,319 Speaker 1: on people coming into and out of the country. So 228 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:40,200 Speaker 1: regulations are being tightened some, but there it's still a 229 00:12:40,320 --> 00:12:45,960 Speaker 1: very common, I guess, relatively common thing I think one 230 00:12:46,040 --> 00:12:48,320 Speaker 1: article made the point that instead of becoming more of 231 00:12:48,360 --> 00:12:52,280 Speaker 1: a fringe thing, it might become more commonplace as time 232 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:54,760 Speaker 1: goes on, because, like I said it, sometimes it can 233 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:57,720 Speaker 1: just seem like a glorified form of online dating. But 234 00:12:57,840 --> 00:13:01,000 Speaker 1: sometimes it does seem like this very seedy sex to 235 00:13:01,080 --> 00:13:03,439 Speaker 1: our kind of thing. Well, let's talk a little bit 236 00:13:03,440 --> 00:13:07,280 Speaker 1: about maybe the like, who who are the men who 237 00:13:07,320 --> 00:13:10,640 Speaker 1: are ordering these brides for uh? And Well, the I 238 00:13:10,679 --> 00:13:14,600 Speaker 1: will say these statistics are a little bit dated. However, 239 00:13:15,080 --> 00:13:18,200 Speaker 1: they I'm going to guess that they probably still apply. 240 00:13:18,679 --> 00:13:22,200 Speaker 1: And and since these companies are loath to give out 241 00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:25,400 Speaker 1: who actually comes to them, there aren't more updated statistics. 242 00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:29,080 Speaker 1: And these are from immigration services. And the men are 243 00:13:29,160 --> 00:13:35,200 Speaker 1: generally white at the time, politically and ideologically conservative, they're 244 00:13:35,240 --> 00:13:40,040 Speaker 1: generally pretty well off. Their median age is thirty seven 245 00:13:40,679 --> 00:13:43,319 Speaker 1: and fifty seven percent had been married at least once, 246 00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:46,679 Speaker 1: and most had been divorced after an average of seven 247 00:13:46,720 --> 00:13:49,360 Speaker 1: years of marriage. And that was one thing that came 248 00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:53,440 Speaker 1: up in the Harper's article was that a lot of 249 00:13:53,440 --> 00:13:58,000 Speaker 1: the men who were on this Ukrainian bridal tour, we're 250 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:01,040 Speaker 1: kind of bitter about their their divorce. A lot of 251 00:14:01,040 --> 00:14:03,960 Speaker 1: them more divorces, and they just wanted, you know, they 252 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:06,439 Speaker 1: wanted a woman to come in there and take care 253 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:09,160 Speaker 1: of their house and just be sweet on them and 254 00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:13,040 Speaker 1: not question them about money, not question them and you know, 255 00:14:13,280 --> 00:14:15,679 Speaker 1: just just take care of things, take care of the house, 256 00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:18,520 Speaker 1: right because they've been burned in the past by these 257 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:23,120 Speaker 1: feminist American women. Yes, um and uh, you know, kind 258 00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:25,640 Speaker 1: of going back to you, I said that traditional values 259 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:27,000 Speaker 1: is something that comes up a lot, and this is 260 00:14:27,040 --> 00:14:30,800 Speaker 1: something mentioned in the Immigration Services report. It says most 261 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:34,080 Speaker 1: of the persons person most of the personal reports from 262 00:14:34,160 --> 00:14:36,880 Speaker 1: American men who have married women through these agencies talk 263 00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:41,479 Speaker 1: about traditional values. That is, American women are thought, uh, 264 00:14:41,760 --> 00:14:44,240 Speaker 1: not content to be wives and mothers, but seek personal 265 00:14:44,240 --> 00:14:47,640 Speaker 1: satisfaction through their own careers and interest, whereas these foreign 266 00:14:47,640 --> 00:14:52,080 Speaker 1: women are just happy to come and be good housewives. 267 00:14:52,360 --> 00:14:54,480 Speaker 1: So who are these women who will be in the 268 00:14:54,520 --> 00:14:59,560 Speaker 1: good housewives? From the same immigration Immigration Services report and uh, 269 00:14:59,720 --> 00:15:02,160 Speaker 1: there were one study that looked at five of the 270 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:05,600 Speaker 1: most popular catalogs offering Asian women and seventy percent of 271 00:15:05,640 --> 00:15:09,200 Speaker 1: those women were Filipino. Despite the fact that UM in 272 00:15:09,240 --> 00:15:12,680 Speaker 1: the Philippines, they have passed Republic Act Number six nine 273 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:16,280 Speaker 1: five five, which makes these listings illegal. And you may remember, UM, 274 00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:17,760 Speaker 1: I think it was a year year and a half 275 00:15:17,800 --> 00:15:21,360 Speaker 1: ago Alec Baldwin made some joke about getting um a 276 00:15:21,440 --> 00:15:24,520 Speaker 1: Filipino mail order bride and it caused all sorts of drama. 277 00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:26,240 Speaker 1: I think he's not allowed to go step from the 278 00:15:26,240 --> 00:15:28,840 Speaker 1: Philippines now, just because that country has had a lot 279 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:32,880 Speaker 1: of problems with their women being sold into sex slavery, UM, 280 00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:37,160 Speaker 1: into situations where their domestic violence. UM, you know there there, 281 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:39,560 Speaker 1: it's been sort of a big source of culture shock, 282 00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:41,440 Speaker 1: and the women don't fare as well as maybe some 283 00:15:41,520 --> 00:15:44,440 Speaker 1: of these other cultures do. So it's outlawed, but they're 284 00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:47,840 Speaker 1: still getting into these listings. UM. Seventy percent of them 285 00:15:47,920 --> 00:15:51,320 Speaker 1: in that study, we're Filipino, sixteen percent were Indonesian, eight 286 00:15:51,320 --> 00:15:54,280 Speaker 1: percent were tied, two percent Malaysian and Japanese, and one 287 00:15:54,280 --> 00:15:57,080 Speaker 1: percent Chinese and Korean. But as we said, there was 288 00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:00,320 Speaker 1: UM this huge influx of women from the former Soviet Union, 289 00:16:00,920 --> 00:16:03,320 Speaker 1: and the difference between the Asian women and the Soviet 290 00:16:03,400 --> 00:16:07,080 Speaker 1: Union women is that, UM, the Asian women are usually younger. Yeah, 291 00:16:07,200 --> 00:16:09,920 Speaker 1: forty one percent of the Asian women are generally between 292 00:16:09,920 --> 00:16:12,480 Speaker 1: twenty one and twenty five. And remember that the median 293 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:17,800 Speaker 1: age for the men who are essentially buying these women, 294 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,720 Speaker 1: if you will, there's thirty seven, So there's usually a 295 00:16:21,840 --> 00:16:24,160 Speaker 1: very large age yet, right, And you know the Harper's 296 00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:26,240 Speaker 1: arkical talked about going to one of these socials where 297 00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:28,080 Speaker 1: are these women are circulating and trying to get the 298 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:31,680 Speaker 1: males attention, and that you know, when the women weren't there, 299 00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:33,480 Speaker 1: the men amongst themselves would say, you know, I want 300 00:16:33,480 --> 00:16:35,760 Speaker 1: a partner, I want an equal, Like, yes, she can't 301 00:16:35,800 --> 00:16:37,720 Speaker 1: have any money, but you know, I do want to companion. 302 00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 1: They're trying to, you know, maybe class up their reasons 303 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:42,360 Speaker 1: a little bit. And the writer says that, you know, 304 00:16:42,400 --> 00:16:45,000 Speaker 1: the forty year old women who perfectly met their description 305 00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:48,040 Speaker 1: would circulate and get no attention, perfectly attractive women, and 306 00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:51,040 Speaker 1: the men would just flock to these very young women. 307 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:55,840 Speaker 1: But the Immigration Services stats do point out that UM women, 308 00:16:56,320 --> 00:17:00,360 Speaker 1: the brides who come from forber Soviet Union countries tend 309 00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:03,240 Speaker 1: to be a little bit older, where the majority of 310 00:17:03,280 --> 00:17:05,840 Speaker 1: them are between twenty and thirties. So still not I 311 00:17:05,840 --> 00:17:09,640 Speaker 1: mean there's still o their twenties, um, but a little 312 00:17:09,640 --> 00:17:12,000 Speaker 1: bit older, a little bit older and most of them, 313 00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:14,399 Speaker 1: you know, do you say they want a better life 314 00:17:14,640 --> 00:17:17,080 Speaker 1: and that they find American and attractive? They are the 315 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:20,640 Speaker 1: movie stars of the world. Yeah, I will say once 316 00:17:20,640 --> 00:17:23,359 Speaker 1: again from that Harper's article, the author did not do 317 00:17:24,119 --> 00:17:27,119 Speaker 1: any of those men any favors. They didn't sound It 318 00:17:27,240 --> 00:17:31,639 Speaker 1: wasn't like a bunch of Brad Pitt's head never to 319 00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:35,040 Speaker 1: the Ukraine check out a why. But the problem I 320 00:17:35,080 --> 00:17:39,160 Speaker 1: think is, um, are are the examples like the ones 321 00:17:39,320 --> 00:17:42,760 Speaker 1: posted in the Harper's article? Are they the norm? Are 322 00:17:42,800 --> 00:17:45,080 Speaker 1: they the exception that make a good story? Because we 323 00:17:45,119 --> 00:17:47,679 Speaker 1: did find one two thousand six New York Times article 324 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:50,800 Speaker 1: um that was going over the impact of EMBRA after 325 00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:53,080 Speaker 1: President Bush signed it into law, and there was this 326 00:17:53,119 --> 00:17:55,439 Speaker 1: one guy. I mean, they seemed to have, you know, 327 00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:57,560 Speaker 1: a fairly sweet love story. He'd fallen in love with 328 00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:00,560 Speaker 1: a girl from Latin America and he's I think it 329 00:18:00,560 --> 00:18:02,440 Speaker 1: would be easier to get a bag of heroin into 330 00:18:02,440 --> 00:18:04,040 Speaker 1: this country than to get you know, the woman I 331 00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:06,520 Speaker 1: love into this country. Yeah, He's like he's gone over 332 00:18:06,560 --> 00:18:08,440 Speaker 1: there to visit her. I mean they maintain a long 333 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:14,800 Speaker 1: distance relationship through UM, through phone and video chats. So 334 00:18:14,920 --> 00:18:16,480 Speaker 1: I mean I think that you know, that was sort 335 00:18:16,520 --> 00:18:19,520 Speaker 1: of an example that's not often seen where this story 336 00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:25,000 Speaker 1: is um presented of you know, quote unquote normal guy, 337 00:18:25,320 --> 00:18:27,679 Speaker 1: normal girl falling in love. Because I will say, I 338 00:18:27,680 --> 00:18:31,399 Speaker 1: mean we probably have been uh, you know, judging these 339 00:18:31,440 --> 00:18:33,879 Speaker 1: these men pretty harshly saying oh, you know you have 340 00:18:33,960 --> 00:18:37,320 Speaker 1: to pay for a wife, and why are you doing this? 341 00:18:37,760 --> 00:18:39,680 Speaker 1: I mean, you pay to join e harmony. That's why 342 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:42,800 Speaker 1: I keep saying, a glorified form of online dating. And 343 00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:45,600 Speaker 1: I do think that those cedy men make a better 344 00:18:45,640 --> 00:18:49,000 Speaker 1: story than you know, a perfectly normal guy who just 345 00:18:49,119 --> 00:18:51,640 Speaker 1: happened to you know, fall in love with the Gulf 346 00:18:51,640 --> 00:18:54,720 Speaker 1: from Latin America. But along a lot of times, so Molly, 347 00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:59,520 Speaker 1: these male order marriages don't really last very long. They not, surprisingly, 348 00:19:00,119 --> 00:19:05,240 Speaker 1: I mean, even though there's not violence, um or death unfortunately, 349 00:19:05,240 --> 00:19:07,080 Speaker 1: you know, and those normal guys would say that those 350 00:19:07,119 --> 00:19:09,840 Speaker 1: are just the unfortunate things that make the headline. But 351 00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:13,239 Speaker 1: according to Immigration Services, who of course, you know, they 352 00:19:13,280 --> 00:19:15,200 Speaker 1: do have reason to worry about this. The most common 353 00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:18,920 Speaker 1: times for male order brides leave the marriage are immediately 354 00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:21,000 Speaker 1: three months after marriage when they get a green card, 355 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:24,200 Speaker 1: or two years after marriage when they get their receipt 356 00:19:24,240 --> 00:19:29,840 Speaker 1: of nonconditional permanent residents. So if you're if you're concerned 357 00:19:29,840 --> 00:19:32,240 Speaker 1: about immigration it, you know, if you've seen the movie 358 00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:37,240 Speaker 1: Green Card, so you know, well maybe maybe in this sense, okay, 359 00:19:37,359 --> 00:19:40,840 Speaker 1: maybe we shouldn't be judging these these unions, these brokered 360 00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:43,879 Speaker 1: marriages too harshly because the men are paying for something, 361 00:19:43,880 --> 00:19:45,840 Speaker 1: but the women in a way of probably using the 362 00:19:45,840 --> 00:19:49,199 Speaker 1: men for something as well. They want American citizenship, they 363 00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:50,760 Speaker 1: want to be able to stay over here and make 364 00:19:50,800 --> 00:19:53,840 Speaker 1: a life for themselves, and someone's gonna pay their way 365 00:19:53,840 --> 00:19:56,040 Speaker 1: to do that. And even in the Harper's Arcle, some 366 00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:57,760 Speaker 1: of the women just wanted to get the free champagne 367 00:19:57,840 --> 00:20:00,840 Speaker 1: at the at the socials. They you know, go out 368 00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:03,679 Speaker 1: on dates in order really expensive dinners, which caused the 369 00:20:03,680 --> 00:20:06,679 Speaker 1: men to say some really jerky things, but you know, 370 00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:10,920 Speaker 1: it's it's quid pro quo. Yeah, it seems like these 371 00:20:10,920 --> 00:20:15,240 Speaker 1: men just can't escape crafty women just looking out for 372 00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:18,080 Speaker 1: their own. Feminism will make its way around the world eventually. 373 00:20:18,960 --> 00:20:22,960 Speaker 1: Uh so, Yeah, Mail Order Bride's still going strong. Simple 374 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:25,840 Speaker 1: Google search. I did not do the Google search for 375 00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:28,119 Speaker 1: it because because she didn't want to get in trouble 376 00:20:28,119 --> 00:20:31,120 Speaker 1: with our internet. All those ties and I've got all 377 00:20:31,160 --> 00:20:35,480 Speaker 1: sorts of things in my search history now. Um, but yeah, 378 00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:37,399 Speaker 1: what do you guys think? Is it? Is it just 379 00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:39,960 Speaker 1: a form of online dating that shouldn't be judged? Or 380 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:42,720 Speaker 1: is there or a women being bought? Is it? Is 381 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:45,880 Speaker 1: it creepier? It creepier? Yes? Or are you a mail 382 00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:48,920 Speaker 1: or a bride yes? Or a guy who's ordered a male? 383 00:20:49,240 --> 00:20:52,520 Speaker 1: Any anybody? Just email us. It's a mom stuff at 384 00:20:52,520 --> 00:20:54,400 Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. And we got a little 385 00:20:54,400 --> 00:21:00,159 Speaker 1: bit of listener mail to share with you guys. So 386 00:21:00,200 --> 00:21:02,320 Speaker 1: to start things off, I've got an email here from 387 00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:06,800 Speaker 1: Diana and she wrote us about the episode we did 388 00:21:06,840 --> 00:21:10,840 Speaker 1: on placento phagi a k a. Eating your own placenta, 389 00:21:11,280 --> 00:21:14,680 Speaker 1: And she said, you said that lower mammals eat their placenta's, 390 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:18,760 Speaker 1: but all placental mammals eat their placentas, even great apes 391 00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:22,520 Speaker 1: like chimps. One good reason that humans or other animals 392 00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:24,560 Speaker 1: would eat placenta in the wild is because it smells 393 00:21:24,560 --> 00:21:28,359 Speaker 1: of blood, which attracts predators. However, placenta has been eaten 394 00:21:28,359 --> 00:21:30,600 Speaker 1: by so many animals for so many millions of years, 395 00:21:30,920 --> 00:21:34,040 Speaker 1: it would be surprising if it's just a way to 396 00:21:34,119 --> 00:21:37,520 Speaker 1: transmit nutrients between the mother and the fetus, and did 397 00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:41,000 Speaker 1: not also evolve as an important food and nutrient source 398 00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:45,800 Speaker 1: after a physiologically traumatic event, even not to mention how 399 00:21:45,840 --> 00:21:48,880 Speaker 1: many calories the mother will soon be expending on breastfeeding. 400 00:21:49,160 --> 00:21:51,240 Speaker 1: One other small thing that you all have said a 401 00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:54,120 Speaker 1: few times is quote the good of the species, As 402 00:21:54,240 --> 00:21:56,840 Speaker 1: has been laid out in popular books like The Selfish Gene. 403 00:21:57,160 --> 00:22:00,679 Speaker 1: It's really the individual, the carrier of a glomeration of 404 00:22:00,720 --> 00:22:04,400 Speaker 1: genes that the selection acts on. If adaptations were for 405 00:22:04,480 --> 00:22:06,399 Speaker 1: the quote good of the species, we would all be 406 00:22:06,520 --> 00:22:09,480 Speaker 1: much nicer to each other, not trying to out reproduce 407 00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:12,840 Speaker 1: each other. So thank you, Diane. All Right, I have 408 00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:15,960 Speaker 1: one email that's not signed, but I'll just read it says, 409 00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:18,000 Speaker 1: looking back at my childhood, I have to say without 410 00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:20,240 Speaker 1: question that I was a brat and complete bully. So 411 00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:22,080 Speaker 1: this is about our bullying podcast that probably should have 412 00:22:22,080 --> 00:22:25,399 Speaker 1: specified that, um my main ways have slowly disappeared over 413 00:22:25,440 --> 00:22:27,080 Speaker 1: the years. But to help with those who need dealing 414 00:22:27,160 --> 00:22:29,840 Speaker 1: with bullys, I could probably help with my experience, standing 415 00:22:29,880 --> 00:22:31,720 Speaker 1: up for yourself is the most effective way to get 416 00:22:31,720 --> 00:22:33,760 Speaker 1: a bully to stop. Whenever someone stood up to me, 417 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:36,040 Speaker 1: I was like, oh hey, they're sticking up for themselves. 418 00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:38,560 Speaker 1: No fun. Now I got to find someone new. Also, 419 00:22:38,720 --> 00:22:41,080 Speaker 1: being witty and smart helps too. There's no better way 420 00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:42,840 Speaker 1: to make a bully seas than to make them feel 421 00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:45,800 Speaker 1: incompetent without them really knowing what you just did. My 422 00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:48,320 Speaker 1: advice is limited since this was years ago. And one 423 00:22:48,359 --> 00:22:51,800 Speaker 1: more thing, have confidence in your own capabilities. Bullys are insecure, 424 00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:54,480 Speaker 1: and I had plenty of insecurities growing up. Knowing how 425 00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:57,000 Speaker 1: amazing you are definitely helps and defeating bullies because you 426 00:22:57,040 --> 00:22:59,080 Speaker 1: know that they can't be and won't be as strong 427 00:22:59,119 --> 00:23:01,320 Speaker 1: as you are. I hope this helps your younger readers, 428 00:23:02,320 --> 00:23:05,440 Speaker 1: So thank you, former bully. And then the clothes stings out. 429 00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:12,439 Speaker 1: I've got a short email from Layton, she says, and 430 00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:15,320 Speaker 1: this is in response to our episode on do kids 431 00:23:15,359 --> 00:23:17,440 Speaker 1: need a mother and a father? And she said, I'm 432 00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:20,160 Speaker 1: thirteen years old and my mom is a single mom, 433 00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:22,240 Speaker 1: and I spend of my time with her. I do 434 00:23:22,320 --> 00:23:24,600 Speaker 1: go visit my father every other weekend for two days, 435 00:23:24,800 --> 00:23:26,399 Speaker 1: but I go to a private school and get the 436 00:23:26,400 --> 00:23:29,119 Speaker 1: best education possible, all thanks to my mom. While my 437 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:31,239 Speaker 1: dad helps out. I live a very good life just 438 00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:33,880 Speaker 1: with my mom. My mom does the work of two 439 00:23:33,880 --> 00:23:36,479 Speaker 1: parents with the energy of one. Mom does a very 440 00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:38,720 Speaker 1: good job all by yourself. So to make a point, 441 00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:41,840 Speaker 1: I believe that any kid will be raised correctly, whether 442 00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:46,159 Speaker 1: raised by gay, lesbian, one, two or sixteen parents. So 443 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:50,040 Speaker 1: thank you Layton, and again, our email is mom Stuff 444 00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:52,840 Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. And during the week 445 00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:54,760 Speaker 1: we would love for you guys to head over to 446 00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:58,240 Speaker 1: our blog. It's called how to stuff And if you 447 00:23:58,280 --> 00:24:00,560 Speaker 1: want to read other articles that molle I have written, 448 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:04,440 Speaker 1: you can go over to our little home it's called 449 00:24:04,440 --> 00:24:09,679 Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. For more on this and 450 00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:13,919 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics, is it how stuff works dot com. 451 00:24:14,160 --> 00:24:16,879 Speaker 1: Want more how stuff works, check out our blogs on 452 00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:23,879 Speaker 1: the how stuff works dot com home page. Brought to 453 00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:27,000 Speaker 1: you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, 454 00:24:27,160 --> 00:24:27,640 Speaker 1: are you