1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:06,760 Speaker 1: We're continuing our series today on the increasing global criminalization 2 00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:11,480 Speaker 1: of protest with a look at what's happening now with 3 00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:15,920 Speaker 1: the protest that the fossil fuel industry, politicians, and police 4 00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:20,640 Speaker 1: often cite as the reason that we need new laws 5 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:26,960 Speaker 1: against protest in the United States. Standing Rock. The protests 6 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,680 Speaker 1: on the Standing Rock Sioux Indian Reservation in North and 7 00:00:29,720 --> 00:00:34,200 Speaker 1: South Dakota took place from April twenty sixteen to February 8 00:00:34,360 --> 00:00:39,239 Speaker 1: twenty seventeen. The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and thousands of 9 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:44,040 Speaker 1: allies protested against a project called the Dakota Access Pipeline 10 00:00:44,240 --> 00:00:48,000 Speaker 1: or DAPPLE, a one thousand, one hundred and seventy two 11 00:00:48,040 --> 00:00:51,200 Speaker 1: mile long pipeline running from the back and oil fields 12 00:00:51,200 --> 00:00:56,360 Speaker 1: in western North Dakota to southern Illinois, crossing the Missouri 13 00:00:56,520 --> 00:01:01,760 Speaker 1: and Mississippi Rivers. Members of the Standing Rock Tribe and 14 00:01:01,840 --> 00:01:05,600 Speaker 1: surrounding communities said the pipeline was a serious threat to 15 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:10,720 Speaker 1: the region's drinking water. The construction also directly threatened burial 16 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:15,280 Speaker 1: grounds and cultural sites of historic importance. Although you'll hear 17 00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:17,679 Speaker 1: in this episode that both the company in charge of 18 00:01:17,680 --> 00:01:21,920 Speaker 1: the project, Energy Transfer, and the US government, have at 19 00:01:21,959 --> 00:01:27,280 Speaker 1: various times claimed otherwise, the Dapple fight has been a 20 00:01:27,319 --> 00:01:30,880 Speaker 1: real roller coaster, and it might surprise some of you 21 00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:34,840 Speaker 1: to hear that despite the fact that construction on the 22 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:39,479 Speaker 1: pipeline was completed in April twenty seventeen, the Army Corps 23 00:01:39,480 --> 00:01:44,759 Speaker 1: of Engineers only just this year, in September twenty twenty three, 24 00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:51,000 Speaker 1: six years later, released its Environmental Impact Statement or EIS 25 00:01:51,320 --> 00:01:56,800 Speaker 1: on the project. You might remember that back in twenty sixteen. 26 00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:00,880 Speaker 1: December twenty sixteen, to be exact, the Army Corps of 27 00:02:00,920 --> 00:02:04,880 Speaker 1: Engineers announced that they would deny the easement to drill 28 00:02:05,040 --> 00:02:10,239 Speaker 1: under the Missouri River and would conduct an EIS. Energy 29 00:02:10,280 --> 00:02:15,040 Speaker 1: Transfer criticized the Obama administration when that came out, calling 30 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:19,520 Speaker 1: it political interference and saying that further delay in the 31 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:23,120 Speaker 1: consideration of this case would add millions of dollars more 32 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:27,760 Speaker 1: each month in costs that could not be recovered. When 33 00:02:27,880 --> 00:02:31,040 Speaker 1: former President Trump took office just a month later in 34 00:02:31,160 --> 00:02:36,240 Speaker 1: January twenty seventeen, he issued an executive order overturning everything 35 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:39,919 Speaker 1: that the Army Corps had said and lifting all blocks 36 00:02:40,080 --> 00:02:44,639 Speaker 1: to pipeline construction. The tribe sued, and in twenty twenty 37 00:02:44,680 --> 00:02:47,920 Speaker 1: a US federal judge ruled with them. They said the 38 00:02:47,960 --> 00:02:52,160 Speaker 1: government had not studied the pipeline's effects on the quality 39 00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:56,680 Speaker 1: of the human environment enough. They ordered the Army Corps 40 00:02:56,680 --> 00:02:59,840 Speaker 1: of Engineers to go ahead with its environmental impact review. 41 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:02,240 Speaker 1: There was a lot of legal back and forth after that, 42 00:03:02,320 --> 00:03:05,520 Speaker 1: but ultimately all the courts agreed on the need for 43 00:03:05,560 --> 00:03:10,200 Speaker 1: an environmental review that includes the Supreme Court. Despite all 44 00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:14,560 Speaker 1: of those rulings, the pipeline has remained operational this whole time, 45 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:23,720 Speaker 1: transporting over five hundred thousand barrels per day. After it 46 00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:27,520 Speaker 1: released the draft EIS in September this year, the Army 47 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:31,240 Speaker 1: Corps of Engineers scheduled a public hearing on it in Bismarck, 48 00:03:31,440 --> 00:03:36,200 Speaker 1: North Dakota in November. Our senior editor for this series, 49 00:03:36,320 --> 00:03:39,760 Speaker 1: Alane Brown, who's been reporting on Standing Rock and Dapple 50 00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:43,560 Speaker 1: since twenty sixteen, was there to hear what everyone had 51 00:03:43,560 --> 00:03:47,720 Speaker 1: to say. Today she brings us that story and also 52 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:51,960 Speaker 1: a look at the impact that anti protest tactics used 53 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:54,880 Speaker 1: to shut down what was happening at Standing Rock and 54 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:59,360 Speaker 1: lots of other protests since then have had on communities. 55 00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:02,800 Speaker 1: Whether we should start to think about those impacts as 56 00:04:02,880 --> 00:04:07,400 Speaker 1: part of an environmental impact as well, particularly when we're 57 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:11,800 Speaker 1: looking at Indigenous communities for whom these tactics really trigger 58 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:17,200 Speaker 1: historical generational trauma. The public comment period for this Environmental 59 00:04:17,279 --> 00:04:22,120 Speaker 1: Impact Statement closes next week December thirteenth, twenty twenty three. 60 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:28,040 Speaker 1: Welcome back to Drilled, the real free speech Threat. I'm 61 00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:31,320 Speaker 1: Abe Westervelt. After the break, Alan Brown takes us to 62 00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:41,440 Speaker 1: North Dakota. 63 00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:47,239 Speaker 2: I know I'm just gonna say the thing true. 64 00:04:47,320 --> 00:04:51,120 Speaker 3: I'm in North Dakota on a hill overlooking the Cannonball River. 65 00:04:51,880 --> 00:04:56,080 Speaker 3: I'm surrounded by rolling land dusted with snow under a 66 00:04:56,120 --> 00:05:01,120 Speaker 3: gray sky. This land is unseeded treaty territory, meaning it 67 00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:04,400 Speaker 3: was never given up or seated by the Ocheti Shakoen 68 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:08,520 Speaker 3: people that have lived here for generations. I'm standing with 69 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:11,320 Speaker 3: a handful of water protectors from the tribal nation of 70 00:05:11,400 --> 00:05:13,599 Speaker 3: standing Rock over a small fire. 71 00:05:15,240 --> 00:05:18,200 Speaker 4: The Army Corps of Engineers is doing what they call corraling. 72 00:05:18,400 --> 00:05:20,279 Speaker 4: So is it going to be a single line in 73 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:23,000 Speaker 4: and they're going to corral us in. There's going to 74 00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:26,440 Speaker 4: be booths with curtains and a sonographer and it, Mike, 75 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:28,680 Speaker 4: It's not going to be like your typical hearing that 76 00:05:28,720 --> 00:05:29,400 Speaker 4: we're used. 77 00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:33,440 Speaker 3: To Today, water protectors are being invited by the US 78 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:36,880 Speaker 3: Army Corps of Engineers to a public hearing to share 79 00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:40,280 Speaker 3: their comments on the draft environmental impact Statement for the 80 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:45,240 Speaker 3: Dakota Access Pipeline known as DAPPLE. The pipeline has been 81 00:05:45,320 --> 00:05:49,839 Speaker 3: operating since twenty seventeen, and then. 82 00:05:49,760 --> 00:05:53,360 Speaker 4: You make it as personal as possible. You talk about 83 00:05:53,480 --> 00:05:56,000 Speaker 4: how or where you grew up and how the Missouri 84 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:57,279 Speaker 4: River is connected to you. 85 00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:01,360 Speaker 3: For over seven years, some people gathered here have been 86 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:04,640 Speaker 3: fighting to stop the pipeline. Some of them camped on 87 00:06:04,720 --> 00:06:08,480 Speaker 3: this very spot in twenty sixteen in a resistance camp 88 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:11,760 Speaker 3: that was a jumping off point for direct action protests 89 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:18,080 Speaker 3: meant to stop construction. Police and private security responded with dogs, 90 00:06:18,640 --> 00:06:25,240 Speaker 3: tear gas, water hoses, aerial surveillance, infiltration of their movement spaces, 91 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:29,040 Speaker 3: radio eavesdropping, and mass arrests. 92 00:06:30,320 --> 00:06:34,000 Speaker 4: Like we do know and we did confirm that private 93 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:38,960 Speaker 4: security is there along with North Dakota law enforcement. 94 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:43,360 Speaker 3: After the pipeline was complete, the camps shut down and 95 00:06:43,400 --> 00:06:47,960 Speaker 3: the cameras left, but Standing Rock and other tribes continued 96 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:51,960 Speaker 3: to fight in court. In twenty twenty, a judge agreed 97 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:55,080 Speaker 3: with the tribes. He revoked the permit that allowed the 98 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:58,440 Speaker 3: pipeline to cross the Missouri River, and he ordered an 99 00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:03,440 Speaker 3: environmental impact state men. That report is seven years late, 100 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:07,479 Speaker 3: but it also represents one of the few pathways left 101 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:08,680 Speaker 3: to stop the pipeline. 102 00:07:09,279 --> 00:07:12,920 Speaker 4: I can't I can't speak for any other elder, but 103 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:15,240 Speaker 4: I'm kind of getting up there, and i just want 104 00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:17,280 Speaker 4: to say I'm really proud. 105 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:19,720 Speaker 2: Of all of you, really proud of all of you. 106 00:07:20,480 --> 00:07:22,400 Speaker 1: And that's all I can say. 107 00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:25,360 Speaker 5: I'm always proud of all of you. 108 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:33,880 Speaker 4: Okay, car count. 109 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:36,679 Speaker 6: And we're off. 110 00:07:36,880 --> 00:07:41,000 Speaker 3: I'm in a line of about one, two, three, four, five, 111 00:07:41,160 --> 00:07:46,920 Speaker 3: six cars. We've got our blinkers on and we're headed 112 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:52,720 Speaker 3: to the public hearings. Right now, our cars are crossing 113 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 3: over the precise site where the Dakota Access pipeline is buried. 114 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:02,880 Speaker 3: At a certain point, there were encampments all the way 115 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:07,640 Speaker 3: up to that spot where the pipeline route is. Eventually 116 00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:11,440 Speaker 3: that was pushed back, but the place where you know 117 00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:16,080 Speaker 3: over ten thousand people were camped at one point is 118 00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:23,320 Speaker 3: right where folks set a fire and were praying. I 119 00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:25,320 Speaker 3: had a chance to read the EIS before I came 120 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:30,440 Speaker 3: out here. After years of researching the environmental harms associated 121 00:08:30,440 --> 00:08:33,520 Speaker 3: with pipelines like this one. I was pretty surprised to 122 00:08:33,559 --> 00:08:36,679 Speaker 3: hear the Army Corps suggest that removing the pipeline would 123 00:08:36,679 --> 00:08:40,640 Speaker 3: be more environmentally harmful than allowing the oil to continue 124 00:08:40,679 --> 00:08:44,280 Speaker 3: pumping under one of Standing Rock's primary drinking water sources. 125 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:48,160 Speaker 3: The EIS says that a major spill under the Missouri 126 00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:52,880 Speaker 3: River is remote to unlikely. As for climate change, this 127 00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:56,480 Speaker 3: document claims that allowing the pipeline to continue operating as 128 00:08:56,520 --> 00:09:02,200 Speaker 3: it is would quote not generate any direct greenhouse gas emissions, 129 00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:05,520 Speaker 3: with the exception of a minor amount of emissions associated 130 00:09:05,559 --> 00:09:09,960 Speaker 3: with pipeline maintenance activities. That's because the Army Corps is 131 00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:13,960 Speaker 3: only taking into account the emissions generated by the pipeline itself, 132 00:09:14,600 --> 00:09:23,000 Speaker 3: not by the activity it enables burning fossil fuels. Finally, 133 00:09:23,040 --> 00:09:27,679 Speaker 3: it claims there are simply no historic properties like sacred sites, 134 00:09:27,720 --> 00:09:31,640 Speaker 3: for example, in the area being studied. A couple of 135 00:09:31,760 --> 00:09:34,760 Speaker 3: nights before the hearing, I sat down with Honorata Defender 136 00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:39,199 Speaker 3: and Jonathan Edwards to talk about the EIS. Honorata is 137 00:09:39,240 --> 00:09:42,640 Speaker 3: a journalist for the local Corson Sioux County News Messenger, 138 00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:47,000 Speaker 3: and Jonathan is a former paramedic. Their siblings and both 139 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:50,679 Speaker 3: members of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, and they organized 140 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:54,440 Speaker 3: some of the first grassroots meetings about the pipeline, held 141 00:09:54,559 --> 00:09:58,360 Speaker 3: in an unheated movie theater here in the reservation town 142 00:09:58,480 --> 00:10:02,520 Speaker 3: of McLoughlin, South Dakota. We ate pizza at a Senex 143 00:10:02,559 --> 00:10:08,280 Speaker 3: gas station with a small table in the back. Have 144 00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:11,559 Speaker 3: you guys had a chance to look at the draft 145 00:10:11,640 --> 00:10:13,200 Speaker 3: environmental impact statement. 146 00:10:15,720 --> 00:10:15,960 Speaker 4: You have? 147 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:18,400 Speaker 3: What do you think about it? 148 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:26,880 Speaker 7: I think it's bull duty. It's severely lacking in everything. 149 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:31,880 Speaker 7: It is not a real environmental impact statement. 150 00:10:32,800 --> 00:10:33,240 Speaker 8: Be honest. 151 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:36,000 Speaker 9: I haven't read it, so but I would imagine it's 152 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:40,080 Speaker 9: just something that's copied and pasted from another EI S 153 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:42,600 Speaker 9: if they did somewhere else in another part of the country. 154 00:10:43,520 --> 00:10:47,199 Speaker 9: I don't think it'll adequately address our treaty rights, our sovereignty, 155 00:10:47,960 --> 00:10:54,720 Speaker 9: the effect to the water when when the thing breaks. 156 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:59,199 Speaker 9: I think I'm on the spill response team. We had 157 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:03,120 Speaker 9: a it's some asthma classes a couple of years ago, and. 158 00:11:04,960 --> 00:11:06,440 Speaker 3: Yeah, we're screwed. 159 00:11:06,120 --> 00:11:07,680 Speaker 10: Here if there's an oil spilled. 160 00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:11,160 Speaker 3: I was curious about another kind of impact that I 161 00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:15,320 Speaker 3: knew the pipeline had had. I've spent years digging into 162 00:11:15,400 --> 00:11:19,240 Speaker 3: reams of public records and leak documents describing the way 163 00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:22,840 Speaker 3: the pipeline company and its private security contractor, Tiger Swan, 164 00:11:23,480 --> 00:11:27,840 Speaker 3: worked with police to repress the movement. The EIS didn't 165 00:11:27,880 --> 00:11:31,680 Speaker 3: mention the emotional and physical trauma of police repression. It 166 00:11:31,720 --> 00:11:34,920 Speaker 3: didn't mention the long running community divisions that a project 167 00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:38,480 Speaker 3: like this can inflict. Those kinds of long term impacts 168 00:11:38,520 --> 00:11:42,920 Speaker 3: are common around the world when corporations and governments forced 169 00:11:42,920 --> 00:11:47,360 Speaker 3: through large polluting projects, and they typically go unacknowledged by 170 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:52,920 Speaker 3: regulatory processes. I wondered, like, what kind of impact all 171 00:11:52,960 --> 00:11:57,760 Speaker 3: that law enforcement presence and private security presence, like in 172 00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:00,520 Speaker 3: a way that that is an extension of the pipe line, 173 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:05,000 Speaker 3: So what impact has that had on continued impact has 174 00:12:05,040 --> 00:12:07,360 Speaker 3: that had on people who were subject to it. 175 00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:11,199 Speaker 7: I know a number of people that you know they 176 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:16,840 Speaker 7: have PTSD still that suffered from PTSD still from what 177 00:12:16,960 --> 00:12:20,360 Speaker 7: they went through because of how Tigers Want and the 178 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:21,800 Speaker 7: police handle everything. 179 00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:27,400 Speaker 3: For Jonathan, fighting the pipeline deepened his distrust of public 180 00:12:27,440 --> 00:12:31,480 Speaker 3: agencies that are supposed to keep people safe. For him, 181 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:35,720 Speaker 3: this was an intensified version of the everyday criminalization that 182 00:12:35,800 --> 00:12:39,160 Speaker 3: he faced as a Lakota man in white communities bordering 183 00:12:39,160 --> 00:12:39,800 Speaker 3: the reservation. 184 00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:43,240 Speaker 9: I'm in a group that's most likely to be killed 185 00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:48,959 Speaker 9: by police, Native American males, you know, more so than 186 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:53,120 Speaker 9: African American males. So I think it's just something that 187 00:12:53,679 --> 00:13:00,959 Speaker 9: expect to personally, that I expected, and it's just normal, 188 00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:09,800 Speaker 9: I guess. Unfortunately, the gassed US shot at US beat people, 189 00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:13,560 Speaker 9: you know, pointing loaded weapons at unarmed women and children. 190 00:13:15,720 --> 00:13:19,760 Speaker 10: A lot of tear gas. 191 00:13:19,640 --> 00:13:20,080 Speaker 9: Asthma. 192 00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:24,160 Speaker 10: Now they have never. 193 00:13:24,040 --> 00:13:26,520 Speaker 9: Had any breathing problems before before I went out there, 194 00:13:26,640 --> 00:13:30,520 Speaker 9: but but yeah, there's just a lot of tear gas 195 00:13:31,280 --> 00:13:34,360 Speaker 9: and mind you for standing. 196 00:13:33,960 --> 00:13:38,560 Speaker 3: On our own land. Oh well, I guess what you know, 197 00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:42,760 Speaker 3: I'm kind of thinking about is like, if resistance to 198 00:13:42,800 --> 00:13:46,800 Speaker 3: a pipeline under the conditions that were in the reality 199 00:13:46,840 --> 00:13:49,480 Speaker 3: that we're living in, with climate change, with leaks, with 200 00:13:49,559 --> 00:13:54,720 Speaker 3: all these things, if resistance is inevitable, and if resistance 201 00:13:54,960 --> 00:14:00,439 Speaker 3: means like this kind of police repression, then like, isn't 202 00:14:00,520 --> 00:14:04,200 Speaker 3: PTSD and the trauma that comes with those kinds of 203 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:08,080 Speaker 3: police confrontations also like an impact of the pipeline. 204 00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:13,800 Speaker 7: Yeah, most definitely they are. Yeah, I've never thought of 205 00:14:13,840 --> 00:14:15,880 Speaker 7: it that way, but now that you bring it up. Yeah, 206 00:14:15,920 --> 00:14:21,520 Speaker 7: it most definitely is, because unfortunately, I mean, these people, 207 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:24,920 Speaker 7: I mean they're gonna be haunted for the rest of 208 00:14:24,960 --> 00:14:27,360 Speaker 7: their days. We're all going to be haunted for the 209 00:14:27,360 --> 00:14:30,720 Speaker 7: rest of our days on the travesties that were committed there. 210 00:14:32,160 --> 00:14:35,080 Speaker 3: Anarata is clear on what she'd like to see happen. 211 00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:38,960 Speaker 7: I would love to see them remove it. They say 212 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:42,560 Speaker 7: that there's gonna be it would be worse. That's what 213 00:14:42,600 --> 00:14:46,520 Speaker 7: they say throughout the whole environmental impact statement, basically is 214 00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:49,480 Speaker 7: that it'd be worse for the wildlife, it'd be worse 215 00:14:49,560 --> 00:14:54,560 Speaker 7: for the habitat, it'd be worse for the fish for 216 00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:59,320 Speaker 7: us to remove the pipeline. And I believe that's so false. 217 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,400 Speaker 7: It's the unstruethening I've ever heard. I mean, they already 218 00:15:03,440 --> 00:15:09,400 Speaker 7: disrupted all of this by putting it in, so why 219 00:15:09,520 --> 00:15:11,720 Speaker 7: is it now a big deal to remove it? 220 00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:15,880 Speaker 3: She's describing one of the strangest things about the document. 221 00:15:16,640 --> 00:15:20,600 Speaker 3: Since the pipeline is already built, the eis is backward. 222 00:15:21,120 --> 00:15:24,840 Speaker 3: It describes the severe environmental harms that would come from 223 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:29,400 Speaker 3: removing the pipeline, which one has to assume are basically 224 00:15:29,440 --> 00:15:32,080 Speaker 3: the same harms that would have come from putting the 225 00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:37,600 Speaker 3: thing in. I figured Honorata and Jonathan would be at 226 00:15:37,640 --> 00:15:41,120 Speaker 3: the EIS hearing, but Bismarck is an hour and a 227 00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:44,320 Speaker 3: half away from the town where they helped start this movement. 228 00:15:45,160 --> 00:15:48,200 Speaker 3: Honorata wasn't sure if she'd have gas money, and her 229 00:15:48,280 --> 00:15:54,280 Speaker 3: van's heat was broken. It was twenty five degrees outside 230 00:15:54,360 --> 00:15:57,800 Speaker 3: back on the road, our caravan eventually arrived at the Ratisin, 231 00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:01,120 Speaker 3: where two days of public hearing were about to begin. 232 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:04,800 Speaker 3: I catch up with Standing Rock Tribal chair Janet al 233 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:08,480 Speaker 3: Qayr in the lobby. The Standing Rock Zoo Tribe has 234 00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:12,560 Speaker 3: already dropped out as a cooperating agency on the EIS, 235 00:16:12,880 --> 00:16:14,440 Speaker 3: and I want to understand why. 236 00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:20,800 Speaker 11: When this pre draft came out, it showed on the 237 00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:24,640 Speaker 11: cover of this book that we were a cooperating agency 238 00:16:24,760 --> 00:16:26,960 Speaker 11: with our logo, and when. 239 00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:30,120 Speaker 2: We opened it up, you're like, hey. 240 00:16:30,440 --> 00:16:35,280 Speaker 11: Don't you're not giving us anything, You're redacting everything. How 241 00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:39,040 Speaker 11: was this cooperating I don't want our logo on this document. 242 00:16:39,560 --> 00:16:41,479 Speaker 11: I'm not supporting this document. 243 00:16:42,120 --> 00:16:46,680 Speaker 3: The pages on spill response are heavily redacted. Janet and 244 00:16:46,760 --> 00:16:50,680 Speaker 3: others suspect it has to do with the independent contractor 245 00:16:51,160 --> 00:16:53,840 Speaker 3: that drafted much of the EIS. 246 00:16:55,040 --> 00:16:57,840 Speaker 11: You know, when this came down in twenty twenty, the 247 00:16:57,920 --> 00:17:05,520 Speaker 11: tribes asked that can we since we're in a cooperating agency, 248 00:17:04,840 --> 00:17:10,880 Speaker 11: are you going to allow us to have some kind 249 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:15,040 Speaker 11: of say in who this independent company is going to be. 250 00:17:15,840 --> 00:17:20,000 Speaker 3: Months later, with little fanfare, Army Corps announced that they'd 251 00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:26,480 Speaker 3: hired Environmental Resources Management. Environmental Resources Management has been accused 252 00:17:26,480 --> 00:17:30,160 Speaker 3: of conflicts of interest before, including when it was hired 253 00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:33,439 Speaker 3: by the State Department to help draft the EIS for 254 00:17:33,520 --> 00:17:38,320 Speaker 3: the controversial Keystone exceled Tarsan Soil pipeline in twenty twelve. 255 00:17:40,520 --> 00:17:44,680 Speaker 3: Reporters and environmental organizations uncovered a whole tangle of red flags, 256 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:49,080 Speaker 3: including that some of the Environmental Resources Management experts who 257 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:52,679 Speaker 3: worked on the EIS had previously worked for the pipeline's 258 00:17:52,720 --> 00:17:56,600 Speaker 3: parent company, Trans Canada and for other companies with a 259 00:17:56,680 --> 00:18:01,720 Speaker 3: stake in kxl's construction. So many red flags in fact, 260 00:18:01,920 --> 00:18:08,520 Speaker 3: that the State Department's Office of Inspector General investigated. Ultimately, 261 00:18:08,840 --> 00:18:11,480 Speaker 3: they concluded that none of it amounted to a violation 262 00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:15,920 Speaker 3: of the Department's conflict of interest policy. To many critics, 263 00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:19,639 Speaker 3: that was just an indication of how truly broken the 264 00:18:19,680 --> 00:18:24,639 Speaker 3: system was. Environmental Resources Management again came under fire in 265 00:18:24,720 --> 00:18:29,639 Speaker 3: twenty eighteen when another government agency, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 266 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:34,000 Speaker 3: hired the company to monitor construction of Enbridge's Atlantic Bridge 267 00:18:34,080 --> 00:18:39,000 Speaker 3: natural Gas project. Records obtained by DSMOG showed the agency 268 00:18:39,119 --> 00:18:42,959 Speaker 3: was aware that Environmental Resources Management had a business relationship 269 00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:50,159 Speaker 3: with Enbridge, but hired them anyway. Environmental Resources Management is 270 00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:54,399 Speaker 3: a member of the American Petroleum Institute, which has long 271 00:18:54,520 --> 00:18:58,719 Speaker 3: been an ardent supporter of the pipeline. It's also a 272 00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:03,560 Speaker 3: member of the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers, an industry 273 00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:08,080 Speaker 3: association that helped draft new anti protest laws which swept 274 00:19:08,119 --> 00:19:11,360 Speaker 3: the nation in the wake of the pipeline protests near 275 00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:15,200 Speaker 3: the Standing Rock Reservation in twenty sixteen and twenty seventeen. 276 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:20,879 Speaker 3: Environmental Resources Management did not respond to a request for comment. 277 00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:27,240 Speaker 11: We knew there was a conflict of interest. We all 278 00:19:27,280 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 11: know what a conflict of interest is, you know, and 279 00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:39,320 Speaker 11: so but it we were just disregarded in that decision. Yeah, 280 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:42,600 Speaker 11: And just like we said today, everything is box has 281 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:43,880 Speaker 11: been checked off already. 282 00:19:44,800 --> 00:19:50,240 Speaker 3: So and so it sounds like the option that the 283 00:19:50,359 --> 00:19:54,320 Speaker 3: tribe prefers is sealing it off and leaving it in 284 00:19:54,359 --> 00:19:54,920 Speaker 3: the riverbed. 285 00:19:55,119 --> 00:19:59,520 Speaker 11: Okay, right, sealing it off. We chose that option basically 286 00:19:59,640 --> 00:20:01,879 Speaker 11: not to destroy the river bed. 287 00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:02,719 Speaker 4: You know. 288 00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:07,040 Speaker 3: As the hearing kicked off, the Army Corps laid out 289 00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:11,359 Speaker 3: the possible outcomes this EIS process could have. At the 290 00:20:11,440 --> 00:20:14,119 Speaker 3: end of the day, after the comment period closes on 291 00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:18,160 Speaker 3: December thirteenth, the agency will have to decide again whether 292 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:20,600 Speaker 3: it's going to sign off on the pipeline's route, known 293 00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:22,600 Speaker 3: as an easement under the Missouri River. 294 00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:27,680 Speaker 12: Within the EIS, there are five alternatives analyzed. The first 295 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:32,320 Speaker 12: alternative is to not grant the Eastment and would result 296 00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:35,239 Speaker 12: in the restoration, meaning that the existing pipeline would be 297 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:36,000 Speaker 12: stopped and. 298 00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:38,320 Speaker 7: Dug up. 299 00:20:39,840 --> 00:20:43,160 Speaker 12: The second alternative would be to not grant the Eastment, 300 00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:46,760 Speaker 12: but leave that pipeline in place so that the oil 301 00:20:46,760 --> 00:20:49,920 Speaker 12: would stop. However, there would be no excavation of the pipeline. 302 00:20:51,320 --> 00:20:54,480 Speaker 12: The third alternative, which is the applicants to go to 303 00:20:54,520 --> 00:21:00,439 Speaker 12: access LLC's identified alternative, is to reissue the east with 304 00:21:00,520 --> 00:21:03,199 Speaker 12: the existing conditions the same as they were under the 305 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:09,399 Speaker 12: previous environmental assessment. The fourth alternative would be to grant 306 00:21:09,440 --> 00:21:15,040 Speaker 12: the East Mint with additional mitigation measures. The last alternative, 307 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:18,440 Speaker 12: as a result of public scopey commas, was to look 308 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:20,760 Speaker 12: at an alternative that re routes the pipeline. 309 00:21:21,200 --> 00:21:25,159 Speaker 3: In the room is a microcosm of the movement. The 310 00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:28,520 Speaker 3: space is dominated by water protectors from Standing Rock and 311 00:21:28,600 --> 00:21:32,280 Speaker 3: other neighboring tribes. There's also a duel of police officers. 312 00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:36,160 Speaker 3: Water protectors already recognized one of them as an officer 313 00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:39,480 Speaker 3: who was behind the razor wire at the front line. 314 00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:41,760 Speaker 3: There are a few burly men who later tell me 315 00:21:41,800 --> 00:21:44,480 Speaker 3: they are pipeliners, there to advocate in favor of the 316 00:21:44,480 --> 00:21:48,120 Speaker 3: pipeline for their union. And there's a handful of white 317 00:21:48,119 --> 00:21:51,639 Speaker 3: guys who don't quite look like they fit in. I 318 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:55,480 Speaker 3: figure they must be police or private security. Of course, 319 00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:59,000 Speaker 3: it's hard to learn exactly who anyone is because this 320 00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:02,919 Speaker 3: is not the public hearing we were all expecting. Public 321 00:22:02,960 --> 00:22:06,679 Speaker 3: comments are to be submitted privately to stenographers sitting behind 322 00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:10,639 Speaker 3: curtained boots. Water Protectors had hoped to deliver their remarks 323 00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:13,400 Speaker 3: in front of the pipeline executives who built the project 324 00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:17,440 Speaker 3: with no microphone, provided they took to the bullhorn. 325 00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:22,960 Speaker 4: Apply the perpetrators aren't going to be here to listen 326 00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:25,679 Speaker 4: to us because they don't have a backbone. 327 00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:28,960 Speaker 3: So my comments. 328 00:22:30,400 --> 00:22:31,000 Speaker 12: Right here. 329 00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:34,800 Speaker 4: Because I'm not afraid to. 330 00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:37,639 Speaker 13: Say no, we're not being given a mic bush. 331 00:22:38,119 --> 00:22:39,280 Speaker 4: That's okay, We'll bring them on. 332 00:22:40,200 --> 00:22:45,280 Speaker 13: And when you're able to push people behind curtains, there's 333 00:22:45,359 --> 00:22:50,440 Speaker 13: no accountability and our voices lose their power when we're 334 00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:54,080 Speaker 13: here at numbers. There's people here and where you're wanting 335 00:22:54,080 --> 00:22:54,520 Speaker 13: to pop. 336 00:22:57,560 --> 00:23:00,840 Speaker 3: The Army Corp attempted to respond to the complaints the 337 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:03,840 Speaker 3: next day. Commenters had the option to either go into 338 00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:08,080 Speaker 3: the booths or deliver their testimony by microphone. I catch 339 00:23:08,119 --> 00:23:11,760 Speaker 3: up with Tim Donagy, the research manager for Greenpeace USA, 340 00:23:12,280 --> 00:23:15,399 Speaker 3: after he speaks at the mic. Green Peace and a 341 00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:18,600 Speaker 3: handful of water protectors are still fighting a lawsuit from 342 00:23:18,760 --> 00:23:23,400 Speaker 3: Energy Transfer, which claims that Greenpeace orchestrated the movement as 343 00:23:23,400 --> 00:23:26,840 Speaker 3: a way to encourage donations. The company has used the 344 00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:29,879 Speaker 3: lawsuit to go after all kinds of indigenous people and 345 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:34,440 Speaker 3: environmental justice advocates via subpoenas. It's what some critics call 346 00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:38,840 Speaker 3: judicial harassment. But Tim isn't here today to talk about that. 347 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:42,760 Speaker 3: He's focused on the eis's shortcomings where it comes to 348 00:23:42,760 --> 00:23:43,840 Speaker 3: the climate crisis. 349 00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:49,479 Speaker 14: Oftentimes, in environmental impact statements, they'll say, well, if we essentially, 350 00:23:49,480 --> 00:23:51,879 Speaker 14: if we're not going to drill oil here, it'll come 351 00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:54,879 Speaker 14: from somewhere else, so it'll just be perfectly substituted. And 352 00:23:54,920 --> 00:23:58,720 Speaker 14: because of that assumption, they say, well, there's no climate 353 00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:01,560 Speaker 14: impact from approving this project or disapproving it, because it's 354 00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:03,040 Speaker 14: going to be the same no matter what. And I 355 00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:05,200 Speaker 14: think that kind of flies in the face of basically 356 00:24:05,240 --> 00:24:07,959 Speaker 14: what the science has shown about oil markets, which is 357 00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:10,960 Speaker 14: that there's not going to be one hundred percent new 358 00:24:11,000 --> 00:24:12,840 Speaker 14: oil coming on but it's not going to be zero 359 00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:14,600 Speaker 14: percent either. It's going to be kind of somewhere in 360 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:16,640 Speaker 14: the middle, and a lot of the studies have kind 361 00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:19,880 Speaker 14: of shown that it's roughlye around fifty percent of the 362 00:24:19,920 --> 00:24:22,320 Speaker 14: oil will be replaced. But that means that building a 363 00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:26,840 Speaker 14: pipeline like decode acxis is going to boost the oil supply, 364 00:24:27,040 --> 00:24:30,280 Speaker 14: It's going to boost oil consumption, and as a result, 365 00:24:30,400 --> 00:24:34,639 Speaker 14: is going to increase global greenhouse gas emissions. And obviously 366 00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:37,199 Speaker 14: we're at in a climate crisis and we simply just 367 00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:42,159 Speaker 14: can't do this anymore. We can't continue to be facilitating 368 00:24:42,320 --> 00:24:44,560 Speaker 14: more and more oil and gas extraction at a time 369 00:24:44,880 --> 00:24:46,679 Speaker 14: when we need to be using less of it. So 370 00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:49,760 Speaker 14: it's just like slamming on the brakes and the gas pedal. 371 00:24:49,760 --> 00:24:51,840 Speaker 14: At the same time, the courts in the last couple 372 00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:54,919 Speaker 14: of years have said that's not a good analysis, and 373 00:24:55,119 --> 00:24:57,240 Speaker 14: any way, NEPA requires that you do more than that. 374 00:24:57,560 --> 00:25:00,040 Speaker 14: And then the other flaw I would say in this 375 00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:04,760 Speaker 14: particular analysis is they're kind of implicitly assuming a business 376 00:25:04,760 --> 00:25:07,920 Speaker 14: as usual baseline scenario where they're saying, oh, for decades 377 00:25:07,960 --> 00:25:10,040 Speaker 14: to come, we're going to be using lots of oil. 378 00:25:10,119 --> 00:25:12,800 Speaker 14: And I think, you know, there's already like countries are 379 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:16,520 Speaker 14: pledging to do better on climate, there's a continuing conversation 380 00:25:16,600 --> 00:25:19,320 Speaker 14: about how we're going to reduce emissions. I think it's 381 00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:21,800 Speaker 14: just not credible to say that nothing is going to 382 00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:24,320 Speaker 14: happen over the next coupley Obviously we need to go faster, 383 00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:28,320 Speaker 14: but neither we shouldn't also just be assuming that oil 384 00:25:28,359 --> 00:25:30,000 Speaker 14: demand is going to stay high all the way out 385 00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:31,680 Speaker 14: for you know, decades to come. 386 00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:36,800 Speaker 3: Across the room. I see Julie Fedorchak, a member of 387 00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:40,880 Speaker 3: the North Dakota Public Service Commission, which issued another key 388 00:25:40,880 --> 00:25:44,560 Speaker 3: permit for the pipeline, she's a reliable advocate for the 389 00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:47,560 Speaker 3: oil and gas industry, and I was curious what she'd 390 00:25:47,600 --> 00:25:50,440 Speaker 3: say about the process, including how it handled the question 391 00:25:50,520 --> 00:25:51,600 Speaker 3: of climate impacts. 392 00:25:52,240 --> 00:25:55,159 Speaker 8: We had three public hearings, actually four if you consider 393 00:25:55,240 --> 00:26:00,000 Speaker 8: the one for optimization, and you know, had a very 394 00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:03,080 Speaker 8: exhausted review looking at all of the impacts to the 395 00:26:03,560 --> 00:26:07,159 Speaker 8: environmental impacts, all the river crossings, all the water bodies, wetlands, 396 00:26:08,119 --> 00:26:16,040 Speaker 8: cultural resources, unstable areas like the whole Gamut. So I 397 00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:19,080 Speaker 8: think that, you know, all of those reviews were done effectively, 398 00:26:19,680 --> 00:26:22,440 Speaker 8: and that's what the law requires, and so we need 399 00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:23,440 Speaker 8: to support the law. 400 00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:26,879 Speaker 6: So I'm just curious about how that review process that 401 00:26:26,920 --> 00:26:30,480 Speaker 6: you're talking about addressed the climate crisis and the impact 402 00:26:30,600 --> 00:26:34,040 Speaker 6: of the fuel that this pipeline is carrying on the climate. 403 00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:36,679 Speaker 8: Actually, that's not part of the law in North Dakota. 404 00:26:36,840 --> 00:26:39,040 Speaker 8: We don't have to review that. It's in fact, we're 405 00:26:39,440 --> 00:26:43,240 Speaker 8: but inhibited from including that in our review of these 406 00:26:43,359 --> 00:26:47,199 Speaker 8: kinds of infrastructure projects. So the company wasn't required to 407 00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:49,000 Speaker 8: provide any data of that nature. 408 00:26:50,240 --> 00:26:53,199 Speaker 3: Although federal agencies like the Army Corps are required by 409 00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:57,960 Speaker 3: law to consider climate impacts, state laws very significantly as 410 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:01,679 Speaker 3: far as I could tell, the environmental regulatory process has 411 00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:04,920 Speaker 3: not fully accounted for the climate impacts of the Dakota 412 00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:10,000 Speaker 3: Access Pipeline. The hearing was winding down, and when Nia 413 00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:13,840 Speaker 3: Locke got up to speak, she's the standing Rock tribal 414 00:27:13,880 --> 00:27:16,600 Speaker 3: member who had given us the logistical rundown as we 415 00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:19,520 Speaker 3: prepared to caravan out here right now. 416 00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:25,040 Speaker 4: But one of the things that hurt me personally, that 417 00:27:25,119 --> 00:27:29,240 Speaker 4: affects me to this day is when I saw the 418 00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:35,040 Speaker 4: announcement from the local media here from Kwyr that the 419 00:27:35,160 --> 00:27:41,879 Speaker 4: Army Corps engineers hired on private security, according to the 420 00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:46,320 Speaker 4: Tiger Swan documents in twenty sixteen, were elicted as a 421 00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:54,600 Speaker 4: Jihattis terrorist. They used aero to monitor us. There was 422 00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:58,960 Speaker 4: chemicals that were sprayed upon us, and they activated specific 423 00:27:59,080 --> 00:28:04,280 Speaker 4: propaganda that was put out on a national level. We're 424 00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:08,000 Speaker 4: brutalized out there, and that we were light about. And 425 00:28:08,040 --> 00:28:12,800 Speaker 4: then I watched friends family, I even watched are then 426 00:28:12,880 --> 00:28:14,960 Speaker 4: tribal chairman gay York Shovel. 427 00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:15,880 Speaker 7: Get arrested. 428 00:28:17,400 --> 00:28:19,920 Speaker 3: Whenia and I talked more about it in the hallway. 429 00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:23,800 Speaker 4: I just find it really interesting that people now have 430 00:28:24,440 --> 00:28:29,639 Speaker 4: a criminal record for standing up and speaking the truth. 431 00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:34,439 Speaker 4: Prior to twenty sixteen, I was a very innocent law 432 00:28:34,480 --> 00:28:39,080 Speaker 4: Quota language teacher, and I only had historical trauma from 433 00:28:39,400 --> 00:28:45,720 Speaker 4: congressional decisions that were made from boarding schools to militarization 434 00:28:45,840 --> 00:28:46,960 Speaker 4: in the eighteen hundreds. 435 00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:49,640 Speaker 1: The Dakota Wars have all. 436 00:28:49,480 --> 00:28:54,160 Speaker 4: Impacted my life, but it was all historical trauma, meaning 437 00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:57,959 Speaker 4: it wasn't my lived experience. It was my ancestors, it 438 00:28:58,040 --> 00:29:01,080 Speaker 4: was my grandparents, it was my aunt and my uncle's 439 00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:05,640 Speaker 4: that has experienced the historical trauma brought on by the 440 00:29:05,720 --> 00:29:12,280 Speaker 4: United States government. And so in twenty sixteen, I actually 441 00:29:12,280 --> 00:29:17,120 Speaker 4: got to live through warfare because North Dakota, the Army 442 00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:25,360 Speaker 4: Corps engineers, the Obama administration, Trump administration, Biden administration continue 443 00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:29,720 Speaker 4: to allow Dakota Access Pipeline to be built and operating 444 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:33,720 Speaker 4: illegally right now. And how it was built was by 445 00:29:33,800 --> 00:29:38,560 Speaker 4: using warfare tactics on innocent people that were telling the truth. 446 00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:45,680 Speaker 4: And so the impact, you know, there was PTSD, there's triggers, 447 00:29:47,120 --> 00:29:48,720 Speaker 4: there's a lot of emotional trauma. 448 00:29:51,680 --> 00:29:56,800 Speaker 3: Whenia's experience aligns with what psychologists predicted, what happened in 449 00:29:56,840 --> 00:30:02,200 Speaker 3: October twenty seventeen, the Society of Indians Psychologists, which exists 450 00:30:02,280 --> 00:30:06,600 Speaker 3: to support the psychological well being of American Indians, put 451 00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:10,080 Speaker 3: out a statement about police and private securities actions at 452 00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:15,280 Speaker 3: Standing Rock. The statement said civilians in the movement would 453 00:30:15,400 --> 00:30:20,240 Speaker 3: likely have developed normative paranoia and fear relative to these 454 00:30:20,320 --> 00:30:25,040 Speaker 3: increasing stressors placed on them over time. It would be 455 00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:27,960 Speaker 3: likely that those who remained at the camps over long 456 00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:31,600 Speaker 3: periods of time could begin to question who could be 457 00:30:31,640 --> 00:30:37,040 Speaker 3: trusted or communicated with, and develop ruminations and recurring thoughts 458 00:30:37,120 --> 00:30:41,719 Speaker 3: regarding their safety. They also noted, given that we know 459 00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:45,680 Speaker 3: a great number of Native American people participated in the movement, 460 00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:49,360 Speaker 3: and that multi generational trauma and the ongoing effects of 461 00:30:49,400 --> 00:30:52,560 Speaker 3: colonialism have left their mark, it is likely to have 462 00:30:52,600 --> 00:31:00,240 Speaker 3: triggered normative fear and recurrence of traumatic themes from history. 463 00:31:00,720 --> 00:31:03,720 Speaker 3: I asked the Army Corps press guy, Steve Wolf about 464 00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:08,800 Speaker 3: what Winnia said. I had read a piece about how 465 00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:13,400 Speaker 3: Army Corps brought in some extra security for this hearing. 466 00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:15,080 Speaker 2: Was it private security? 467 00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:16,680 Speaker 6: No private security. 468 00:31:16,280 --> 00:31:17,040 Speaker 5: That I'm aware of. 469 00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:17,840 Speaker 10: We've hired no. 470 00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:21,200 Speaker 6: Private security, okay, and so what I mean? 471 00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:22,960 Speaker 3: You see uniformed police officers here? 472 00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:26,560 Speaker 9: So and not all else to say about that? 473 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:30,920 Speaker 3: Okay, so the news reports about Army Corps bringing in 474 00:31:30,960 --> 00:31:32,440 Speaker 3: security was law enforcement. 475 00:31:33,640 --> 00:31:36,280 Speaker 11: So this is a private property. 476 00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:38,840 Speaker 6: I think people have seen what has happened in the 477 00:31:38,880 --> 00:31:42,000 Speaker 6: past with this project, and I would certainly imagine they're 478 00:31:42,040 --> 00:31:42,960 Speaker 6: a bit concerned. 479 00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:46,000 Speaker 3: If you had a private enterprise, would you be concerned. 480 00:31:47,640 --> 00:31:49,480 Speaker 3: I asked one of the out of police white guys 481 00:31:49,520 --> 00:31:52,680 Speaker 3: if he was security, and he replied that no, he 482 00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:56,240 Speaker 3: worked for law enforcement. I also called the Ratican to 483 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:59,320 Speaker 3: see if they'd hired security, but they didn't return my 484 00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:03,840 Speaker 3: calls and messages. Finally, I sent Steve an email just 485 00:32:03,880 --> 00:32:09,400 Speaker 3: to clarify. His reply was pretty vague. He said, when 486 00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:12,960 Speaker 3: we approach private sector organizations such as a hotel to 487 00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:16,560 Speaker 3: conduct a public meeting, we cannot simply dictate to them 488 00:32:16,800 --> 00:32:22,120 Speaker 3: how their facility might be used for this purpose. He continued, Ultimately, 489 00:32:22,400 --> 00:32:25,400 Speaker 3: the US Army Corps of Engineers must agree to and 490 00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:28,840 Speaker 3: pay for the requirements of a given facility to host 491 00:32:28,840 --> 00:32:33,640 Speaker 3: a public function for our environmental analysis process. He added, 492 00:32:34,480 --> 00:32:38,240 Speaker 3: what you witnessed firsthand is that no law enforcement action 493 00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:42,720 Speaker 3: was taken against anyone expressing their views or attendance at 494 00:32:42,720 --> 00:32:46,760 Speaker 3: these two public meetings. Freedom of assembly and freedom of 495 00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:55,640 Speaker 3: expression were alive and well at these meetings. I did 496 00:32:55,760 --> 00:32:59,080 Speaker 3: end up seeing Honorata at the hearing. Her uncle, who 497 00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:02,040 Speaker 3: is an elder, gave her a ride, and I watched 498 00:33:02,080 --> 00:33:04,240 Speaker 3: the two of them go into the booth and submit 499 00:33:04,280 --> 00:33:08,800 Speaker 3: their testimony. At nine o'clock PM, they prepared to travel 500 00:33:08,920 --> 00:33:11,760 Speaker 3: the hour and a half back home on the Dark 501 00:33:11,880 --> 00:33:16,440 Speaker 3: Country Highway. Regardless of the outcome of the EIS process, 502 00:33:16,840 --> 00:33:19,640 Speaker 3: she and Jonathan and other water protectors who are on 503 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:22,680 Speaker 3: the ground will continue to carry the weight of what 504 00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:24,120 Speaker 3: happened at Standing Rock. 505 00:33:24,920 --> 00:33:27,680 Speaker 10: It was really upsetting to stand there and watch the 506 00:33:28,040 --> 00:33:31,320 Speaker 10: people that are in uniform, whom some of whom I 507 00:33:31,360 --> 00:33:34,240 Speaker 10: used to work alongside up in Bismarck, and they're they're 508 00:33:34,240 --> 00:33:37,560 Speaker 10: shooting at you, and they're shooting tear gas and robber bullets, 509 00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:49,880 Speaker 10: and it's upsetting and Baptists, that's upsetting, very upsetting. Yeah, 510 00:33:50,360 --> 00:33:54,560 Speaker 10: there's a lot of respect for people like that anymore, 511 00:33:54,960 --> 00:34:00,960 Speaker 10: and if I ever did, but I don't necessarily want 512 00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:03,760 Speaker 10: to focus on that too much on a daily basis 513 00:34:03,760 --> 00:34:09,680 Speaker 10: because they can't walk around pistoff. Yeah, totally, So I 514 00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:11,200 Speaker 10: just kind of had to let some of that go. 515 00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:13,880 Speaker 10: I'm still working on that assume that'll be a lifelong 516 00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:17,720 Speaker 10: process for me because they heard a lot of people 517 00:34:17,760 --> 00:34:22,440 Speaker 10: out there. I don't really follow what the government does anymore. 518 00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:25,759 Speaker 10: I just don't have any faith in them at all. 519 00:34:26,280 --> 00:34:31,160 Speaker 10: And yeah, that's where I'm at. That's probably where I'll 520 00:34:31,200 --> 00:34:31,600 Speaker 10: always be. 521 00:34:32,680 --> 00:34:38,200 Speaker 3: Unfortunately, Honorata did point out that the impacts are not 522 00:34:38,480 --> 00:34:39,120 Speaker 3: all bad. 523 00:34:39,960 --> 00:34:42,760 Speaker 7: It was a very big boom and the sound waves 524 00:34:42,760 --> 00:34:47,160 Speaker 7: can still be felt all across the world because people 525 00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:51,799 Speaker 7: realize that, you know, they matter, their voice matters, and 526 00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:56,000 Speaker 7: with that voice they can do things and remarkable things, 527 00:34:56,040 --> 00:35:00,360 Speaker 7: extraordinary things. 528 00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:09,080 Speaker 1: Drilled is an original Critical Frequency production. Our senior editor 529 00:35:09,120 --> 00:35:12,960 Speaker 1: for this series is Alan Brown, who also reported, wrote, 530 00:35:13,080 --> 00:35:18,280 Speaker 1: and hosted this episode. Our senior producer is Martin Zaltz Bostwick. 531 00:35:18,560 --> 00:35:20,640 Speaker 2: Martin also did the sound design. 532 00:35:20,400 --> 00:35:23,000 Speaker 5: Who composed much of the music in this episode. 533 00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:25,320 Speaker 1: Peter Duff is our audio engineer. 534 00:35:25,880 --> 00:35:27,600 Speaker 2: Fact checking by Rudan Jan. 535 00:35:28,080 --> 00:35:29,920 Speaker 5: Our outwork is by Matt Fleming. 536 00:35:30,840 --> 00:35:33,080 Speaker 1: Our first amendment attorney is James Wheaton. 537 00:35:33,400 --> 00:35:36,120 Speaker 5: Our theme song is but in the Hand by four Known. 538 00:35:36,520 --> 00:35:39,000 Speaker 2: The show was created by Amy Westervelt. 539 00:35:39,120 --> 00:35:41,399 Speaker 5: You can see more stories from this series, as well 540 00:35:41,440 --> 00:35:44,080 Speaker 5: as background reporting on Drilled Dot media. 541 00:35:44,520 --> 00:35:46,759 Speaker 2: You can also sign up for our newsletter there to 542 00:35:46,800 --> 00:35:49,800 Speaker 2: get a curated list of the week's most important climate 543 00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:51,280 Speaker 2: stories delivered to you weekly. 544 00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:54,240 Speaker 1: It's never more than ten minutes to read, and people 545 00:35:54,280 --> 00:35:56,480 Speaker 1: tell us it helps them stay on top of the 546 00:35:56,680 --> 00:35:58,920 Speaker 1: fire hose of climate news. 547 00:35:58,680 --> 00:36:02,520 Speaker 2: Out there, corner work. Please share this episode or give 548 00:36:02,600 --> 00:36:05,359 Speaker 2: us a rating or review. Wherever you're listening. 549 00:36:05,719 --> 00:36:08,960 Speaker 5: Upgrade to a paid newsletter or podcast subscription for access 550 00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:12,160 Speaker 5: to add free early release episodes and bonus content. 551 00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:14,759 Speaker 1: Thanks for listening, and we'll see you next time.