1 00:00:10,119 --> 00:00:14,640 Speaker 1: Welcome to Unexplained Extra with me Richard McLane Smith, where 2 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:16,960 Speaker 1: for the weeks in between episodes, we look at stories 3 00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:19,640 Speaker 1: and ideas that, for one reason or other, didn't make 4 00:00:19,680 --> 00:00:23,840 Speaker 1: it into the previous show. In last week's episode, Visions 5 00:00:23,840 --> 00:00:27,000 Speaker 1: in the Dark, we traced the incredible life story of 6 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:31,520 Speaker 1: Vangelia gusht or Ova, also known as Baba Vanger, who 7 00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:35,479 Speaker 1: some believe was the most effective psychic of the twentieth century. 8 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:40,120 Speaker 1: Fanger died in nineteen ninety six, but according to a 9 00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,720 Speaker 1: number of her supporters, she is said to have left 10 00:00:42,760 --> 00:00:46,360 Speaker 1: a string of predictions with instructions to reveal them at 11 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:50,479 Speaker 1: certain times after her death. So far, this list has 12 00:00:50,479 --> 00:00:54,040 Speaker 1: included the prediction that in twenty twenty three the Earth's 13 00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:59,160 Speaker 1: orbit will change, and that rather enigmatically, in twenty eighty four, 14 00:00:59,720 --> 00:01:04,360 Speaker 1: Nate will be reborn, and my personal favorite that in 15 00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:08,680 Speaker 1: twenty one thirty, with the help of alien civilizations, will 16 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:12,320 Speaker 1: be able to live under water. As word of bab 17 00:01:12,319 --> 00:01:15,600 Speaker 1: of Anger's apparent powers began to spread, she came to 18 00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:19,759 Speaker 1: the attention of a number of mainstream scientific researchers, who 19 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:23,400 Speaker 1: were said to have made efforts to study her. Sadly, However, 20 00:01:23,800 --> 00:01:28,319 Speaker 1: no official documentation or other significant evidence for this seems 21 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:32,920 Speaker 1: to exist either way. Although it might seem unlikely that 22 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:36,400 Speaker 1: an individual such as bab of Anger and her supposed 23 00:01:36,480 --> 00:01:41,040 Speaker 1: powers would be given any credibility by mainstream science, there 24 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:44,680 Speaker 1: is a long and fascinating history of well respected academics, 25 00:01:45,040 --> 00:01:48,520 Speaker 1: many of whom have made significant contributions in their field, 26 00:01:48,920 --> 00:02:00,600 Speaker 1: putting such people to the test, with often startling results. 27 00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:04,480 Speaker 1: Of all the supposed paranormal powers that some believe humans 28 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:09,040 Speaker 1: could possess, none have proved more fascinating to scientific researches 29 00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:15,280 Speaker 1: than clairvoyance. In nineteen thirteen, French physiologist Charles Rochet won 30 00:02:15,320 --> 00:02:18,880 Speaker 1: a Nobel Prize for medicine for his work on immunology, 31 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:22,600 Speaker 1: specifically the way in which some people can often have 32 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:27,440 Speaker 1: lethal reactions when injected with an antigen. Richet coined the 33 00:02:27,560 --> 00:02:32,840 Speaker 1: term anaphylaxis, still used today to describe this phenomenon. What 34 00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:36,919 Speaker 1: is perhaps less known, however, is that Richey also spent 35 00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:41,400 Speaker 1: a considerable part of his professional life studying the paranormal, 36 00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:46,799 Speaker 1: in particular the apparent clairvoyant skills of spiritualists, and is 37 00:02:46,880 --> 00:02:52,280 Speaker 1: even credited with coining the term ectoplasm. Richet conducted a 38 00:02:52,360 --> 00:02:55,920 Speaker 1: number of studies which he believed confirmed the existence of 39 00:02:56,080 --> 00:03:01,920 Speaker 1: human extrasensory powers. When others attention did to replicate his studies, however, 40 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:06,320 Speaker 1: they were unable to draw the same conclusion. Brichet is 41 00:03:06,360 --> 00:03:09,240 Speaker 1: considered to be one of the first to attempt a formal, 42 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:13,880 Speaker 1: mainstream science study of the apparent phenomenon of clairvoyance, but 43 00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:18,119 Speaker 1: by the mid twentieth century such endeavors had become commonplace. 44 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:24,079 Speaker 1: In the late nineteen twenties, botanist Joseph Banks Ryan brought 45 00:03:24,080 --> 00:03:27,560 Speaker 1: the study of alleged psychic phenomena even further into the 46 00:03:27,600 --> 00:03:32,279 Speaker 1: mainstream when he established a parapsychology lab at Duke University 47 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:35,800 Speaker 1: in North Carolina in the United States, one of the 48 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:41,400 Speaker 1: most prestigious academic institutions in the world. Among Ryan's most 49 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:45,600 Speaker 1: famous subjects was Eileen Garrett, considered by some to be 50 00:03:45,640 --> 00:03:48,600 Speaker 1: one of the most powerful clairvoyants to have ever lived. 51 00:03:49,640 --> 00:03:53,320 Speaker 1: Garrett's reputation was cemented largely due to a series of 52 00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:56,760 Speaker 1: experiments conducted by Ryan in which she was tasked with 53 00:03:56,840 --> 00:04:00,960 Speaker 1: trying to guess the images printed on cards in envelopes. 54 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:05,080 Speaker 1: Ryan claimed that Garrett was able to successfully guess the 55 00:04:05,120 --> 00:04:09,120 Speaker 1: images at a rate far higher than chance, suggesting she 56 00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:13,600 Speaker 1: did indeed have some kind of supernatural power, much like 57 00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:19,120 Speaker 1: with Charles Rochet's experiments. However, subsequent efforts to replicate Garrett's 58 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:24,599 Speaker 1: seemingly positive results proved unsuccessful, with many later questioning the 59 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:29,200 Speaker 1: validity of Ryan's methods. Of all the scientists who have 60 00:04:29,279 --> 00:04:33,760 Speaker 1: attempted to confirm the existence of psychical powers, however, none 61 00:04:33,839 --> 00:04:37,720 Speaker 1: are perhaps more famous than Harold put Off and Russell 62 00:04:37,839 --> 00:04:49,000 Speaker 1: targ Back in nineteen seventy two, Harold put Off, an 63 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:53,280 Speaker 1: electrical engineer and specialist in lasers, was looking to secure 64 00:04:53,320 --> 00:04:56,800 Speaker 1: a grant to conduct a study and quantum biology, a 65 00:04:56,839 --> 00:05:00,279 Speaker 1: fledgling concept at the time that examines the way which 66 00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:05,840 Speaker 1: quantum mechanics might affect biological processes. About the same time, 67 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:09,920 Speaker 1: he was introduced to a man named Ingo Swan, an 68 00:05:10,040 --> 00:05:13,200 Speaker 1: artist based in New York who also claimed to have 69 00:05:13,360 --> 00:05:17,919 Speaker 1: psychic abilities. Swan suggested to put Off that he should 70 00:05:17,920 --> 00:05:21,520 Speaker 1: turn his attention instead to trying to understand at the 71 00:05:21,640 --> 00:05:25,600 Speaker 1: quantum level where the border lies between an inanimate object 72 00:05:25,839 --> 00:05:30,320 Speaker 1: and an animate one. By way of explanation, Swan told 73 00:05:30,360 --> 00:05:34,920 Speaker 1: put Off about some experiments he'd recently conducted with Professor 74 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:38,720 Speaker 1: Gertrude Schmidler at City College in New York, which he 75 00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:45,360 Speaker 1: claimed provided proof that he had psychokinetic powers. Intrigued by Swan, 76 00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:48,880 Speaker 1: put Off invited him to put these apparent powers to 77 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:52,320 Speaker 1: the test at the Stanford Research Institute, where he worked 78 00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:57,520 Speaker 1: in Menlo Park, just outside of San Francisco in California. 79 00:05:57,920 --> 00:06:01,359 Speaker 1: On Swan's first day at the institute, put Off claimed 80 00:06:01,400 --> 00:06:05,680 Speaker 1: that he successfully described the structure of a magnetometer, a 81 00:06:05,680 --> 00:06:10,080 Speaker 1: device used to measure electromagnetic fields, that put Off had 82 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:13,120 Speaker 1: been planning to show him. Put Off was so blown 83 00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:17,400 Speaker 1: away by this seemingly spontaneous act of clairvoyance that he 84 00:06:17,440 --> 00:06:20,240 Speaker 1: wrote it up in a report for his colleagues, which 85 00:06:20,279 --> 00:06:24,279 Speaker 1: came complete with the detailed schematic drawing that Swan, who 86 00:06:24,320 --> 00:06:28,000 Speaker 1: claimed no knowledge of such devices, had drawn on that 87 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:32,760 Speaker 1: first day. A few weeks later, two men showed up 88 00:06:32,839 --> 00:06:36,880 Speaker 1: unannounced at Putoff's lab carrying a copy of his report 89 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:42,240 Speaker 1: on Swan. The men had come from the CIA, as 90 00:06:42,320 --> 00:06:45,640 Speaker 1: they explained to a stunt put Off, they'd received word 91 00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:49,120 Speaker 1: that the government of the Soviet Union was funding studies 92 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:54,040 Speaker 1: in parapsychology with a view to potentially harnessing paranormal powers 93 00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:58,760 Speaker 1: for use against their enemies. The men were intrigued to 94 00:06:58,800 --> 00:07:01,800 Speaker 1: know more about put Off report and asked if the 95 00:07:01,880 --> 00:07:05,400 Speaker 1: engineer would be interested in conducting some more experiments with 96 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:09,520 Speaker 1: Swan under their supervision, with the aim of starting their 97 00:07:09,560 --> 00:07:15,200 Speaker 1: own parapsychology program. A few weeks later, the two operatives 98 00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:18,760 Speaker 1: were sat and put Off slab holding a box chosen 99 00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:22,920 Speaker 1: at random from a selection of identical boxes, each containing 100 00:07:22,920 --> 00:07:27,600 Speaker 1: a different, unrelated object. It was Ingo Swan's job to 101 00:07:27,720 --> 00:07:32,440 Speaker 1: try and guess what was inside it. I see something small, 102 00:07:32,840 --> 00:07:37,360 Speaker 1: brown and irregular, said Swan, who was sat alone inside 103 00:07:37,400 --> 00:07:41,239 Speaker 1: an adjacent room, sort of like a leaf or something, 104 00:07:41,920 --> 00:07:47,400 Speaker 1: except it seems very much alive. It's even moving. The 105 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:50,640 Speaker 1: men from the CIA opened the lid of their box, 106 00:07:51,080 --> 00:07:55,760 Speaker 1: astonished to find flapping about inside a small brown moth 107 00:07:56,400 --> 00:08:05,760 Speaker 1: that was almost indistinguishable from a leaf. We all deal 108 00:08:05,800 --> 00:08:11,520 Speaker 1: with Sunday scaries, right. Sunday scaries are those oh no, stressful, nervous, 109 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:14,720 Speaker 1: can't sleep, dreadful feelings to hit you on a Sunday 110 00:08:14,720 --> 00:08:18,080 Speaker 1: evening when you think about the impending doom of work tomorrow, 111 00:08:18,400 --> 00:08:22,600 Speaker 1: or school, or frankly just life. 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After the success of his initial experiments, 126 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:22,280 Speaker 1: Harold put Off secured funding from the CIA to complete 127 00:09:22,280 --> 00:09:26,880 Speaker 1: an eight month pilot study to determine firstly if clairvoyance 128 00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:31,520 Speaker 1: was genuinely possible, and secondly, if it was, could it 129 00:09:31,559 --> 00:09:35,640 Speaker 1: be used against the United States as a tool for espionage, 130 00:09:36,480 --> 00:09:39,840 Speaker 1: put Off drafted in Russell Targ to assist him, a 131 00:09:39,920 --> 00:09:44,000 Speaker 1: physicist who'd worked with him previously helping to develop lasers. 132 00:09:45,120 --> 00:09:48,720 Speaker 1: In the first few weeks, put Off and Targ continued 133 00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:51,960 Speaker 1: to test Ingo Swan along the same lines as before, 134 00:09:52,600 --> 00:09:55,760 Speaker 1: studying whether he was able to guess symbols and objects 135 00:09:55,920 --> 00:09:59,520 Speaker 1: hidden from his view. When he apparently proved able to 136 00:09:59,559 --> 00:10:04,160 Speaker 1: do this regularly, they decided to expand the experiment. In 137 00:10:04,280 --> 00:10:08,040 Speaker 1: what became known as the Outbounder experiments, put Off would 138 00:10:08,080 --> 00:10:11,520 Speaker 1: traveled to one of six random locations within the San 139 00:10:11,559 --> 00:10:15,959 Speaker 1: Francisco Bay area, while back in the laboratory, Russell Targ 140 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:18,960 Speaker 1: would sit with Swan as he attempted to guess where 141 00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:23,960 Speaker 1: put Off had gone. Incredibly, according to put Off and targ, 142 00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:30,280 Speaker 1: more often than not he did it successfully. Although Swan 143 00:10:30,360 --> 00:10:34,320 Speaker 1: would rarely guess the target location exactly, he provided enough 144 00:10:34,360 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 1: elements to define it, such as the sense of water 145 00:10:37,720 --> 00:10:42,200 Speaker 1: or a particular geometric shape, which, taken together, put Off 146 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:45,600 Speaker 1: and Targ argued could reasonably be said to be a 147 00:10:45,640 --> 00:10:49,840 Speaker 1: correct reflection of it. Since such a process had never 148 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:52,800 Speaker 1: been tried before, the three men had to coin a 149 00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:55,760 Speaker 1: term for what it was. They were doing, and eventually 150 00:10:55,800 --> 00:11:01,960 Speaker 1: alighted on the phrase remote viewing as Ingo Swan. Former 151 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:05,839 Speaker 1: police officer Pat Price was examined during this period too, 152 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:09,480 Speaker 1: and also found to have the capacity for remote viewing. 153 00:11:10,960 --> 00:11:14,320 Speaker 1: At some point during the study, Russell targ invited his 154 00:11:14,400 --> 00:11:19,080 Speaker 1: friend Hella Hammid to take part. Hamid, who immigrated to 155 00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:22,319 Speaker 1: the US from Germany in the nineteen thirties, was a 156 00:11:22,440 --> 00:11:27,080 Speaker 1: successful photographer at the time with little interest in psychical studies. 157 00:11:28,080 --> 00:11:31,560 Speaker 1: Hamid's job was to be the control subject to help 158 00:11:31,640 --> 00:11:34,960 Speaker 1: get a sense of how much Swan or Price's apparent 159 00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:38,960 Speaker 1: visions of the target deviated from the random guesses of 160 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:43,240 Speaker 1: a lay person. What they hadn't bargained for was Hamid 161 00:11:43,679 --> 00:11:47,360 Speaker 1: apparently becoming the most effective remote viewer of them all. 162 00:11:54,720 --> 00:11:57,720 Speaker 1: For her first trial, Hammid was asked to enter a 163 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:01,440 Speaker 1: shielded room, then close her eye and just say whatever 164 00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:06,840 Speaker 1: came into her mind. As she sat taking long, calm breaths, 165 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:10,000 Speaker 1: she claimed to see a series of squares within squares 166 00:12:10,240 --> 00:12:14,440 Speaker 1: that got smaller and smaller, tapering off like a long path, 167 00:12:14,920 --> 00:12:20,200 Speaker 1: disappearing into a central vanishing point. At the time, Harold 168 00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:23,040 Speaker 1: put Off was standing at the entrance to a long 169 00:12:23,160 --> 00:12:27,280 Speaker 1: pedestrian crossing with a chain link frame along the entirety 170 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:30,800 Speaker 1: of it that stretched out ahead of him and disappeared 171 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:35,720 Speaker 1: into a central vanishing point. In the first nine trials 172 00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:38,560 Speaker 1: conducted with hammid she was judged to have seen the 173 00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:42,240 Speaker 1: location in her mind without question in five of them, 174 00:12:42,640 --> 00:12:45,959 Speaker 1: while the other four were judged to be only marginally 175 00:12:46,080 --> 00:12:51,800 Speaker 1: less accurate. In nineteen seventy seven, Hammered and Ingo Swan 176 00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:56,079 Speaker 1: were invited to take part in another experiment with Stephen Schwartz, 177 00:12:56,320 --> 00:12:59,959 Speaker 1: a scientific researcher who was also fascinated by the possible 178 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:04,680 Speaker 1: abilities of remote viewing. In collaboration with put Off and 179 00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:08,640 Speaker 1: targ and the Institute for Marine and Coastal Studies at 180 00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:12,839 Speaker 1: the University of Southern California, Hammered and Swan were asked 181 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,720 Speaker 1: to locate and as yet undiscovered shipwreck that was thought 182 00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:20,680 Speaker 1: to be located somewhere off the coast of California near 183 00:13:20,760 --> 00:13:25,400 Speaker 1: Catalina Island. After separately being given an ocean map of 184 00:13:25,440 --> 00:13:29,200 Speaker 1: the general area, both Hammered and Swan are said to 185 00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:32,760 Speaker 1: have pinpointed a similar location within a hundred yards of 186 00:13:32,760 --> 00:13:37,040 Speaker 1: each other. Both also provided details about what would be 187 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:41,440 Speaker 1: found there, including chains pulleys, and the location of the 188 00:13:41,480 --> 00:13:46,520 Speaker 1: ship's wheel, and, most oddly of all, a large rectangular 189 00:13:46,640 --> 00:13:51,760 Speaker 1: block of stone. In June nineteen seventy seven, in what 190 00:13:51,880 --> 00:13:56,160 Speaker 1: became known as Project Deep Quest, Hammered and Swan were 191 00:13:56,200 --> 00:14:00,560 Speaker 1: taken down in a submarine named Taurus Wan. They guided 192 00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:05,080 Speaker 1: its pilot to the precise location of the wreck. Sure enough, 193 00:14:05,559 --> 00:14:10,000 Speaker 1: they also found the pulleys, chains, and ship's wheel sticking 194 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:13,600 Speaker 1: out of the seabed, just as Hammered and Swan had predicted, 195 00:14:14,480 --> 00:14:17,760 Speaker 1: and among it all, just like Hammid had also said, 196 00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:23,680 Speaker 1: was the incongruous site of a large rectangular block of granite. 197 00:14:24,640 --> 00:14:29,920 Speaker 1: A declassified CIA report released in nineteen ninety five stated 198 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: that there can be no question that Hella Hammid can repeatedly, 199 00:14:34,520 --> 00:14:39,920 Speaker 1: although not reliably, reduce information not available through normal means. 200 00:14:41,520 --> 00:14:45,760 Speaker 1: In nineteen seventy eight, having been sufficiently impressed by Harold 201 00:14:45,800 --> 00:14:50,120 Speaker 1: put Off and Russell Targ's experiments at the Stamford Research Institute, 202 00:14:50,760 --> 00:14:53,880 Speaker 1: the pair were invited by the CIA to lead a 203 00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:59,160 Speaker 1: secret Defense Intelligence agency program to determine the potential usage 204 00:14:59,160 --> 00:15:04,800 Speaker 1: of psychic nomena in real world military engagements. The program 205 00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:08,200 Speaker 1: was called the Stargate Project and you can hear much 206 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:13,000 Speaker 1: more about it in the next season of Unexplained. For now, 207 00:15:13,280 --> 00:15:16,200 Speaker 1: there are three more episodes of season six still to come, 208 00:15:16,480 --> 00:15:20,080 Speaker 1: along with their extras for you to enjoy. So as ever, 209 00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:28,920 Speaker 1: thank you for listening and until next time. If you 210 00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:31,600 Speaker 1: enjoy Unexplained and would like to help support us, you 211 00:15:31,640 --> 00:15:34,840 Speaker 1: can now do so via Patreon To receive access to 212 00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:38,440 Speaker 1: add three episodes. Just go to Patron dot com Forward 213 00:15:38,440 --> 00:15:43,120 Speaker 1: Slash Unexplained Pod to sign up. Unexplained. The book and audiobook, 214 00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:46,200 Speaker 1: featuring ten stories that have never before been covered on 215 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:49,800 Speaker 1: the show, is now available to buy worldwide. You can 216 00:15:49,840 --> 00:15:54,280 Speaker 1: purchase through Amazon, Barnes and Noble, and Waterstones, among other bookstores. 217 00:15:54,680 --> 00:15:58,360 Speaker 1: All elements of Unexplained, including the show's music, are produced 218 00:15:58,360 --> 00:16:01,640 Speaker 1: by me Richard McClain smith. Please subscribe and rate the 219 00:16:01,680 --> 00:16:04,600 Speaker 1: show wherever you listen to podcasts, and feel free to 220 00:16:04,640 --> 00:16:07,200 Speaker 1: get in touch with any thoughts or ideas regarding the 221 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:09,960 Speaker 1: stories you've heard on the show. Perhaps you have an 222 00:16:09,960 --> 00:16:12,520 Speaker 1: explanation of your own you'd like to share. 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