1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:04,600 Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of iHeartRadio and Grim 2 00:00:04,640 --> 00:00:10,360 Speaker 1: and Mild from Aaron Manky. Listener discretion advised before we start, 3 00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:14,120 Speaker 1: just a quick announcement. Next summer, I will be leading 4 00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:18,439 Speaker 1: a trip to the English Cotswalds to walk, to write, 5 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:22,239 Speaker 1: and to talk about my favorite book. Truly, I think 6 00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:25,200 Speaker 1: my favorite book The Remains of the Day by Kazu 7 00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:28,280 Speaker 1: Ishi Guru. If you haven't read The Remains of the Day, 8 00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:30,520 Speaker 1: even if you're not interested in this trip at all, 9 00:00:30,720 --> 00:00:33,360 Speaker 1: go read it immediately. It will change your life. It's 10 00:00:33,360 --> 00:00:36,559 Speaker 1: also a great movie, but the book is extraordinary. And 11 00:00:36,680 --> 00:00:40,600 Speaker 1: next July, with an amazing program called Common Ground, I 12 00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:43,839 Speaker 1: will be leading they called a pilgrimage, but what that 13 00:00:43,880 --> 00:00:46,120 Speaker 1: basically means is we all stay together in a beautiful 14 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:49,440 Speaker 1: old mansion in the Cotswaltz. We meet every morning. 15 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:51,720 Speaker 2: We talk about the book, we talk about our own writing, 16 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:55,360 Speaker 2: and we go on long walks thinking about important questions 17 00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:58,080 Speaker 2: that the book raises. This is the third trip that 18 00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:01,520 Speaker 2: I've done with this program. It just is an incredible experience. 19 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:04,200 Speaker 2: And so if this interests you at all, there's a 20 00:01:04,240 --> 00:01:07,400 Speaker 2: link in my Instagram bio, you should absolutely sign up. 21 00:01:07,440 --> 00:01:10,040 Speaker 2: I think there's still a few spots left. Go check 22 00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:12,640 Speaker 2: it out. I'm so excited to do that, So I 23 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:15,679 Speaker 2: just wanted to let noble blood listeners know because it 24 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:21,840 Speaker 2: seems like it might be up your alley. It was 25 00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:26,440 Speaker 2: a crisp morning in February fifteen forty eight when a 26 00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:30,039 Speaker 2: pale nobleman in his early thirties stepped out of a 27 00:01:30,160 --> 00:01:35,440 Speaker 2: church in Venice. Lorenzino de Medici was originally from Florence, 28 00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:39,800 Speaker 2: a member of the vastly powerful Medici family, but he 29 00:01:39,920 --> 00:01:43,400 Speaker 2: wasn't a stranger to the Venetian streets. He'd been living 30 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:48,400 Speaker 2: in exile in Venice for years because back in Florence, 31 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:53,920 Speaker 2: Lorenzino was a wanted murderer. As he strolled through the 32 00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:58,320 Speaker 2: bustle of the city with his uncle, Lorenzino repeatedly glanced 33 00:01:58,360 --> 00:02:02,480 Speaker 2: over his shoulder and his eyes flicked to the sudden 34 00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:08,079 Speaker 2: movements of passing merchants and paupers. Despite his uncle's assurances 35 00:02:08,080 --> 00:02:12,000 Speaker 2: that they were safe out in public, Lorenzino's habit was 36 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:16,480 Speaker 2: hard to break. He was always wondering if retribution was 37 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:21,840 Speaker 2: coming for the weighty crime he had committed eleven years earlier. 38 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:28,240 Speaker 2: After all, his infamous murder had rattled the highest houses 39 00:02:28,280 --> 00:02:35,080 Speaker 2: of European power. Lorenzino had personally murdered his own cousin, 40 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:42,240 Speaker 2: the first Duke of Florence, Alessandro de Medici. Lorenzino had 41 00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:45,640 Speaker 2: claimed that he had rid the realm of a tyrant. 42 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 2: But regardless of his possible intentions, this podcast has taught 43 00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:55,000 Speaker 2: us anything, it's that you can't avoid the consequences of 44 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:59,640 Speaker 2: such a brazen act forever, and fate usually finds a 45 00:02:59,639 --> 00:03:03,280 Speaker 2: way of catching up with you. Sure enough, on the 46 00:03:03,320 --> 00:03:08,920 Speaker 2: morning of February twenty sixth, fifteen forty eight, Lorenzino's punishment 47 00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:13,080 Speaker 2: finally found him more than a decade after his crime. 48 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:17,200 Speaker 2: He and his uncle were almost at the Santoma Bridge, 49 00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:23,239 Speaker 2: mere minutes from Lorenzino's home, when two assassins ambushed them. 50 00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:27,919 Speaker 2: Lorenzino was instantly incapacitated by a fierce blow to the head, 51 00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:32,160 Speaker 2: and then he was stabbed several more times to ensure 52 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 2: his imminent death. Lorenzino's uncle and the attackers fled as 53 00:03:37,880 --> 00:03:42,720 Speaker 2: Lorenzino lay bruised and bloodied. He didn't take his final 54 00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:46,760 Speaker 2: breath for another half an hour, but he couldn't speak, 55 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:50,440 Speaker 2: not even as his own mother rushed out to his side. 56 00:03:51,200 --> 00:03:54,720 Speaker 2: It's likely that the blunt force of his mortal injuries 57 00:03:55,080 --> 00:04:00,000 Speaker 2: impeded much clarity of thought or reflection, but if any 58 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:04,400 Speaker 2: any synapses were still firing, they certainly would have had 59 00:04:04,440 --> 00:04:09,560 Speaker 2: no shortage of questions regarding how exactly the assassination had 60 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:14,120 Speaker 2: been carried out and why this brutal payback took so 61 00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:20,360 Speaker 2: long to arrive. Lorenzino would never know who had actually 62 00:04:20,440 --> 00:04:26,599 Speaker 2: been behind his own violent assassination, and for centuries neither 63 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:31,279 Speaker 2: did anyone else. But today the question of who was 64 00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:36,640 Speaker 2: behind Lorenzino's murder is a mystery no more. It took 65 00:04:36,920 --> 00:04:42,040 Speaker 2: almost half a millennium, but that cold case was finally cracked. 66 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:53,760 Speaker 2: I'm Dana Schwartz, and this is noble blood. The ripple 67 00:04:53,839 --> 00:04:57,880 Speaker 2: effects of this tale of murder and betrayal are immensely 68 00:04:57,960 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 2: complicated and far reaching, but the simplest place to start 69 00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:08,000 Speaker 2: is with one key relationship that between our murderer turned 70 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:12,920 Speaker 2: murder victim, Lorenzino de Medici and the cousin he had killed, 71 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:18,159 Speaker 2: Duke Alessandro de Medici. And our story of their relationship 72 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:22,800 Speaker 2: begins with a cheeky night out on the evening of 73 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:27,560 Speaker 2: January sixth, fifteen thirty seven, twenty three year old Lorenzino 74 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:30,960 Speaker 2: came to his powerful twenty six year old cousin with 75 00:05:31,040 --> 00:05:35,159 Speaker 2: an enticing pitch, a secret knight of pleasure with a 76 00:05:35,279 --> 00:05:40,640 Speaker 2: beautiful woman. If Alessandro could leave his royal escort, sneak 77 00:05:40,680 --> 00:05:44,040 Speaker 2: out of his apartment in the Palazzo Medici and slip 78 00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:50,840 Speaker 2: into Lorenzino's bedchamber, Lorenzino would bring the alluring Katerina Solderini 79 00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:56,040 Speaker 2: to join him. The careful secrecy was necessary to limit gossip, 80 00:05:56,400 --> 00:06:02,120 Speaker 2: especially since Katerina was married and also incidentally Lorenzino's aunt. 81 00:06:03,240 --> 00:06:07,440 Speaker 2: As instructed, Alessandro went out that evening with friends, and 82 00:06:07,480 --> 00:06:12,680 Speaker 2: then he excused himself. Upon returning to Piazza de San Marco. Slowly, 83 00:06:12,880 --> 00:06:16,960 Speaker 2: the duke approached the wing of the Medici complex where 84 00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:23,200 Speaker 2: Lorenzino resided. Lorenzino de Medici had little in common with 85 00:06:23,320 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 2: his namesake, the earlier Medician patriarch Lorenzo the Magnificent, or 86 00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:33,640 Speaker 2: with Lorenzino's many other ancestors of the same name who 87 00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:37,800 Speaker 2: had brought wealth and distinction to the family. Know for 88 00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:42,000 Speaker 2: as long as Alessandro had known his short, pallid and 89 00:06:42,560 --> 00:06:49,200 Speaker 2: introverted relative, Lorenzino or Little Lorenzo was a fitting nickname. 90 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:54,560 Speaker 2: Since childhood, Lorenzino was known more for his studious nature 91 00:06:54,920 --> 00:06:58,640 Speaker 2: than any commanding bearing, and was far likelier to be 92 00:06:58,720 --> 00:07:02,040 Speaker 2: found immersed in a book, book or theater production, then 93 00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:07,719 Speaker 2: trying to climb the ranks of power. Back at Lorenzino's palace, 94 00:07:08,200 --> 00:07:13,280 Speaker 2: Alessandro slipped inside with quiet ease. Instead of wearing the 95 00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 2: chainmail lined doublet he typically favored as protection against any 96 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:21,960 Speaker 2: possible sneak attacks, He was decked out that night in 97 00:07:22,040 --> 00:07:28,480 Speaker 2: a Neapolitan silk cloak. Judging by those nocturnal fashion choices alone, 98 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:34,120 Speaker 2: his desire for comfort and style clearly outweighed any cautious 99 00:07:34,160 --> 00:07:38,640 Speaker 2: instincts he might have had, and understandably so, this had 100 00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:41,840 Speaker 2: all the markings of another one of his trusted cousins 101 00:07:42,200 --> 00:07:48,640 Speaker 2: delightfully mischievous schemes. Through their early adult years, Lorenzino and 102 00:07:48,720 --> 00:07:53,920 Speaker 2: Alessandro had formed a bond that sparked numerous escapades. Lorenzino 103 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,200 Speaker 2: had not only become a close adviser to his cousin 104 00:07:57,280 --> 00:08:02,240 Speaker 2: on political matters, he also facilit hated Alessandro's womanizing so 105 00:08:02,440 --> 00:08:06,440 Speaker 2: frequently that a few at court snidely referred to him 106 00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:11,840 Speaker 2: as the Duke's hymp long. A passionate writer, Lorenzino even 107 00:08:11,920 --> 00:08:16,440 Speaker 2: penned a whole irreverent comedy play for Alessandro's marriage to 108 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:21,400 Speaker 2: a young bride from the prominent Habsburg family. So when 109 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:26,080 Speaker 2: Alessandro entered Lorenzino's bedroom that night, it's unlikely he was 110 00:08:26,120 --> 00:08:30,360 Speaker 2: in a suspicious frame of mind at all. Lorenzino suggested 111 00:08:30,440 --> 00:08:33,680 Speaker 2: that his cousin stow his weapons under the bed to 112 00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:39,839 Speaker 2: set the right romantic tone. Alessandro acquiesced. Lorenzino had also 113 00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:44,000 Speaker 2: told him to make himself comfortable while he went to 114 00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:49,720 Speaker 2: fetch the beautiful cacherina. As Alessandro waited on his cousin's bed, 115 00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:52,800 Speaker 2: it's possible that he mulled over all of the red 116 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:56,840 Speaker 2: flags cropping up in his path. After all, his cousin 117 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:03,319 Speaker 2: occasionally seemed to show a slightly darker side. The serious, 118 00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:08,520 Speaker 2: melancholy demeanor Lorenzino exhibited as a boy unnerved some people, 119 00:09:09,240 --> 00:09:14,280 Speaker 2: and there was the bizarre story about how Lorenzino had 120 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:19,760 Speaker 2: decapitated the heads of several ancient sculptures and statues in Rome. 121 00:09:20,559 --> 00:09:25,199 Speaker 2: The defilement was egregious enough to get Lorenzino expelled from 122 00:09:25,280 --> 00:09:27,959 Speaker 2: the city by the Pope even though the pope was 123 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:33,240 Speaker 2: a close Medici relative. On the other hand, Lorenzino's childhood 124 00:09:33,440 --> 00:09:38,800 Speaker 2: seriousness and strangeness was not necessarily surprising, given that he 125 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:42,120 Speaker 2: had lost his father at a young age, and his 126 00:09:42,440 --> 00:09:46,520 Speaker 2: statue shenanigans could have easily been brushed off as an 127 00:09:46,559 --> 00:09:51,880 Speaker 2: ill advised prank rather than the sign of some unhinged leaning. 128 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:58,040 Speaker 2: But it's probably unlikely that Alessandro was seriously worried about 129 00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:05,040 Speaker 2: any risk while waiting on Lorenzino and Katerina. Alessandro actually 130 00:10:05,160 --> 00:10:09,360 Speaker 2: lay down and took a nap, but as you might 131 00:10:09,400 --> 00:10:14,680 Speaker 2: have guessed, Lorenzino had more than a little tryst planned 132 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:20,719 Speaker 2: for his cousin. Upon leaving Alessandro in his bedchamber, Lorenzino 133 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:25,320 Speaker 2: did not seek out Katerina. He instead went to his 134 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:33,920 Speaker 2: loyal servant, Piero de Joannabate, nicknamed scorn Concolo. Lorenzino had 135 00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:37,440 Speaker 2: already gotten the thuggish man to agree to help enact 136 00:10:37,760 --> 00:10:41,640 Speaker 2: justice against an unnamed enemy that he would lock in 137 00:10:41,720 --> 00:10:47,720 Speaker 2: his bedchamber while ushering scorn Concolo back, though, Lorenzino had 138 00:10:47,720 --> 00:10:51,679 Speaker 2: to ensure that his accomplice was prepared to follow through 139 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:57,200 Speaker 2: on his promise, regardless of the target's identity. In other words, 140 00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:00,880 Speaker 2: he told him, yes, they were going long after the 141 00:11:01,080 --> 00:11:06,000 Speaker 2: Duke of Florence, and as Lorenzino saw it, it was 142 00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:12,599 Speaker 2: a deed that needed to be done. Like Lorenzino, Alessandro's 143 00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:18,240 Speaker 2: early years were inauspicious, especially by Medicis standards. Alessandro was 144 00:11:18,280 --> 00:11:22,280 Speaker 2: actually born a bastard, son of a Medici ruler and 145 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:26,840 Speaker 2: an enslaved woman. Alessandro also lost his father at a 146 00:11:26,840 --> 00:11:30,679 Speaker 2: young age, a death that, after years of strife and 147 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:35,880 Speaker 2: maneuvering within the family, remarkably led Alessandro to be named 148 00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:42,080 Speaker 2: the first Duke of Florence. Especially following Alessandro's ascension and 149 00:11:42,280 --> 00:11:47,400 Speaker 2: Larenzino's return to Florence from Rome, the cousins outwardly appeared 150 00:11:47,520 --> 00:11:51,920 Speaker 2: to be inseparable. Alessandro was said to have greatly loved 151 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:56,840 Speaker 2: his cousin, favoring Lorenzino's advice at court and benefiting from 152 00:11:56,920 --> 00:12:03,160 Speaker 2: Lorenzino's hearty enabling of his philander. But as Lorenzino apparently 153 00:12:03,280 --> 00:12:06,920 Speaker 2: felt at his core and would continue to argue for 154 00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:12,240 Speaker 2: years to come, Alissandro was a true monster, a man 155 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:17,559 Speaker 2: obsessed with torturing and killing men for real or perceived slights, 156 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:21,400 Speaker 2: A tyrant, how could he be allowed to continue to 157 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:28,839 Speaker 2: live and rule Outside Lorenzino's bedchamber, scorn Concolo assured Lorenzino 158 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:32,480 Speaker 2: that he would not spare their wicked foe, whether he 159 00:12:32,640 --> 00:12:37,440 Speaker 2: was the Duke or even Jesus himself. So Lorenzino called 160 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:41,120 Speaker 2: out to check whether his cousin was asleep, and then 161 00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:46,160 Speaker 2: he and scorn Concolo entered through a different door. The 162 00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:52,120 Speaker 2: two attacked Alessandro, who jolted awake and fought desperately. Alessandro 163 00:12:52,240 --> 00:12:55,800 Speaker 2: even bit down on Lorenzo's hand in an attempt to 164 00:12:55,920 --> 00:13:01,720 Speaker 2: free himself. Finally, after a frenzied struggle, Alessandro fell still, 165 00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:08,000 Speaker 2: scorn Concolo's dagger planted in his throat. Lorenzino and scorn 166 00:13:08,040 --> 00:13:14,120 Speaker 2: Concolo immediately fled on horseback. As Lorenzino eventually arrived in Venice, 167 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:19,200 Speaker 2: news of the Duke's sensational death was spreading like wildfire. 168 00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:26,679 Speaker 2: Word traveled through urgent missives, rumors, and through Lorenzino's own lips. 169 00:13:27,559 --> 00:13:32,400 Speaker 2: You heard that right. Rather than refute his guilt, Lorenzino 170 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:37,240 Speaker 2: confessed his crime to anyone and everyone who would listen, 171 00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:43,280 Speaker 2: as any fan of TV murder Mysteries or Agatha Christie 172 00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:47,520 Speaker 2: novels knows catching a killer is usually a tricky task 173 00:13:47,679 --> 00:13:52,720 Speaker 2: that takes cunning and exhaustive investigation. Only when faced with 174 00:13:52,920 --> 00:13:58,520 Speaker 2: irrefutable evidence and no foreseeable escape do murderers finally give 175 00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:03,800 Speaker 2: up and confess. Lorenzino would have made for an incredibly 176 00:14:04,160 --> 00:14:09,440 Speaker 2: unsatisfying novel. Not only did he openly admit he killed 177 00:14:09,559 --> 00:14:15,200 Speaker 2: Duke Alessandro, he wrote a whole, flowery, eloquent explanation of it, 178 00:14:15,679 --> 00:14:21,720 Speaker 2: called the Apology. Obviously, the Apology is about as subjective 179 00:14:21,800 --> 00:14:25,120 Speaker 2: of a statement as you'll find, but in many ways, 180 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:29,040 Speaker 2: that's what makes it so fascinating, because it serves as 181 00:14:29,080 --> 00:14:34,840 Speaker 2: a window into Lorenzino's mind and motivations. Why did Lorenzino 182 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:38,960 Speaker 2: murder Alessandro, especially when he had no plan in place 183 00:14:39,040 --> 00:14:43,120 Speaker 2: to usurp power himself or to aid another noble in 184 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:47,160 Speaker 2: seizing it. His apology has been hailed by many as 185 00:14:47,200 --> 00:14:51,200 Speaker 2: a sparkling piece of rhetoric, but even his own arguments 186 00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:56,880 Speaker 2: got fairly tangled. First, Lorenzino emphasized his political reasons for 187 00:14:57,000 --> 00:15:02,200 Speaker 2: murdering Alessandro. Per the ancient the Roman ideals of republicanism 188 00:15:02,280 --> 00:15:06,720 Speaker 2: that Lorenzino studied and admired, he sought as his duty 189 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:11,840 Speaker 2: to eliminate a tyrannical oppressor. As I touched on earlier, 190 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:16,640 Speaker 2: he claimed that Alessandro was a fiend, a sadistic villain 191 00:15:16,680 --> 00:15:21,680 Speaker 2: whose cruel behavior made him worse than Caligula and Nero combined. 192 00:15:22,440 --> 00:15:27,680 Speaker 2: The way in which Lorenzino asserted his murderous responsibility essentially 193 00:15:27,720 --> 00:15:30,840 Speaker 2: implied that he thought of himself as the brutus of 194 00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:37,000 Speaker 2: his day. Republican and Florentine exiles living abroad soon echoed 195 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:42,960 Speaker 2: that sentiment, comparing Alessandro's rule to Caesar's dictatorship and hailing 196 00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:48,920 Speaker 2: Lorenzino as their Tuscan brutus. In his apology, Lorenzino also 197 00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:53,560 Speaker 2: wades into a more philosophical branch of reasoning for killing 198 00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:59,200 Speaker 2: his cousin. Lorenzino debated the entire legitimacy of power wielded 199 00:15:59,240 --> 00:16:03,240 Speaker 2: by a hereditary ruler. Thus, in spite of the fact 200 00:16:03,280 --> 00:16:07,120 Speaker 2: that returning power to the people would require a brutal act, 201 00:16:07,440 --> 00:16:12,400 Speaker 2: in Lorenzino's mind, it was worth it. Niccolomachiavelli had written 202 00:16:12,440 --> 00:16:16,960 Speaker 2: his famous treatise The Prince only twenty years earlier, and, 203 00:16:17,200 --> 00:16:20,560 Speaker 2: in an ironic turn of history, actually dedicated it to 204 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:26,080 Speaker 2: Alessandro's father, so again, being an avid reader, Lorenzino was 205 00:16:26,200 --> 00:16:29,640 Speaker 2: quite steeped in the idea that the end can justify 206 00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:36,280 Speaker 2: the means. Finally, the apology also reveals several personal reasons 207 00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:41,000 Speaker 2: Lorenzino wanted to kill his cousin. His writing conveys a 208 00:16:41,240 --> 00:16:46,520 Speaker 2: lingering sense of self righteousness about being a legitimate Medici's 209 00:16:46,520 --> 00:16:50,600 Speaker 2: son and not a bastard. The ways in which Lorenzino 210 00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:56,560 Speaker 2: calls attention to Alessandro's quote innate cruelty and savagery, and 211 00:16:56,680 --> 00:17:00,000 Speaker 2: his heritage as the son of a Moorish in see 212 00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:04,679 Speaker 2: slaved mother are worthy of note. A great deal of 213 00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:08,120 Speaker 2: scholarship has been written on the complexities of pre modern 214 00:17:08,160 --> 00:17:11,440 Speaker 2: ideas about race and the way they differ from our own, 215 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:17,280 Speaker 2: but in general, it's absolutely worth questioning whether Lorenzino's biases 216 00:17:17,320 --> 00:17:22,320 Speaker 2: against his cousin's Moorish ancestry could have factored into both 217 00:17:22,359 --> 00:17:25,800 Speaker 2: his slang of his cousin and his subsequent appeal for 218 00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:30,280 Speaker 2: understanding from what he assumed to be a similarly biased 219 00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:38,400 Speaker 2: audience zooming out to view Lorenzino's crime and written apology together, 220 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:42,840 Speaker 2: it's possible to trace an even more self absorbed arc. 221 00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:48,399 Speaker 2: As some historians have conjectured it's possible Lorenzino's driving motive 222 00:17:48,720 --> 00:17:53,560 Speaker 2: was simple. He wanted to be noticed. After all, he 223 00:17:53,640 --> 00:17:58,560 Speaker 2: was a Medici, but a fairly overlooked one, considering the 224 00:17:58,840 --> 00:18:03,440 Speaker 2: highly pre mediti nature of both the murder and confession, 225 00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:07,320 Speaker 2: the risks involved in all the new paths to fame 226 00:18:07,480 --> 00:18:11,320 Speaker 2: that the printing press had ushered in. Was this assassination 227 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:16,280 Speaker 2: to some degree fueled by a desire to trade relative 228 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:23,480 Speaker 2: obscurity for celebrity, to shed recollections of quote little Lorenzo's 229 00:18:23,640 --> 00:18:29,320 Speaker 2: meek childhood demeanor, of his embarrassing expulsion from Rome, of 230 00:18:29,400 --> 00:18:35,320 Speaker 2: his literally belittling moniker in order to fully enter the limelight. 231 00:18:36,480 --> 00:18:40,720 Speaker 2: Whatever his cocktail of motives, Lorenzino certainly gave the world 232 00:18:40,760 --> 00:18:43,960 Speaker 2: a taste of, as some might call it today, his 233 00:18:44,240 --> 00:18:50,879 Speaker 2: quote main character energy. He became famous and infamous almost overnight. 234 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:55,960 Speaker 2: He gained tremendous support, especially in Venice, which was home 235 00:18:56,040 --> 00:18:59,960 Speaker 2: to many members of the Florentine Republic that had previously 236 00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:07,160 Speaker 2: failed against Medici's might. Exiles scattered across Europe celebrated Duke 237 00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:12,840 Speaker 2: Alessandro's death. Support and money poured in from France and Spain. 238 00:19:13,640 --> 00:19:19,160 Speaker 2: Commemorative medals were even produced depicting Lorenzino in Roman robes, 239 00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:24,600 Speaker 2: but Lorenzino had obviously also made himself a marked man. 240 00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:29,520 Speaker 2: The rest of the Medici family and its allies vehemently 241 00:19:29,560 --> 00:19:35,399 Speaker 2: decried his deplorable act and vowed to retaliate. Cosimo the 242 00:19:35,480 --> 00:19:39,000 Speaker 2: First de Medici was named the next Duke of Florence, 243 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:43,320 Speaker 2: and he offered a handsome reward to anyone who would 244 00:19:43,320 --> 00:19:48,480 Speaker 2: avenge the murder of his predecessor, Alessandro. And yet for 245 00:19:48,560 --> 00:19:54,400 Speaker 2: eleven years no one followed through. Plots were hatched, attempts 246 00:19:54,400 --> 00:19:58,320 Speaker 2: were made, but for the most part, the new Duke 247 00:19:58,600 --> 00:20:05,000 Speaker 2: dragged his feet getting revenge. Despite promising swift action against 248 00:20:05,040 --> 00:20:10,160 Speaker 2: Alessandro's murderer and being repeatedly urged to follow through by 249 00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:14,119 Speaker 2: many in his political orbit, Cosimo the First basically tried 250 00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:19,240 Speaker 2: to ignore the issue. As Cosimo continued to delay his 251 00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:24,800 Speaker 2: plans of revenge, many contemporaries describe Lorenzino as a wretched 252 00:20:25,040 --> 00:20:29,680 Speaker 2: soul wrecked by anguish and guilt, but in fact, some 253 00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:33,320 Speaker 2: sources show that not only did he stay hopeful that 254 00:20:33,440 --> 00:20:36,560 Speaker 2: one day exiles would be able to return to Florence. 255 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:41,960 Speaker 2: Over the years, he went on multiple diplomatic missions to Mirandola, 256 00:20:42,119 --> 00:20:47,320 Speaker 2: France and Constantinople to stoke support for his personal cause, 257 00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:52,760 Speaker 2: and so eleven years after he killed his cousin on 258 00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:56,640 Speaker 2: that chilly morning in Venice in fifteen forty eight, as 259 00:20:56,760 --> 00:21:01,000 Speaker 2: Lorenzino left church with his uncle, It's not it's unthinkable 260 00:21:01,080 --> 00:21:04,680 Speaker 2: that some part of him dared hope that he might 261 00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:09,440 Speaker 2: never actually have to pay the ultimate price for killing Alessandro. 262 00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:16,240 Speaker 2: His ambushing attackers, however, had other plans. They beat him, 263 00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:23,320 Speaker 2: stabbed him, and closed the homicidal loop. Those men's identities 264 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:27,760 Speaker 2: were clear right away. Francesco Boboni and Bebeo de Volterra 265 00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:33,000 Speaker 2: soon went to collect their reward from Duke Cosimo, but 266 00:21:33,200 --> 00:21:38,960 Speaker 2: they were contracted killers, hired by somebody with more clout, 267 00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:44,560 Speaker 2: so who actually had ordered the hit. It wasn't until 268 00:21:44,600 --> 00:21:49,480 Speaker 2: twenty fifteen, a full four hundred and sixty seven years 269 00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:56,800 Speaker 2: after the fact, that definitive proof emerged. If this murder 270 00:21:56,840 --> 00:22:01,040 Speaker 2: mystery were a movie or a novel, a rmand detective 271 00:22:01,160 --> 00:22:05,119 Speaker 2: might have the benefit of interrogating prime suspects in a 272 00:22:05,240 --> 00:22:10,480 Speaker 2: nice contained location, say a cozy train or charming English 273 00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:14,280 Speaker 2: manor house. In reality, all of the main players here 274 00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:18,760 Speaker 2: were spread across Europe and then eventually all dead and gone. 275 00:22:19,560 --> 00:22:23,600 Speaker 2: But the detective at the core of this century spanning case, 276 00:22:24,080 --> 00:22:29,960 Speaker 2: the historian Stefano de Lallio, was delightfully dedicated in his investigation. 277 00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:34,119 Speaker 2: So let's don our sleuthing hats and puff thoughtfully on 278 00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:38,159 Speaker 2: our pipes and follow along with him in examining the 279 00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:45,159 Speaker 2: likely individuals and possible theories behind who was behind Lorenzina's execution. 280 00:22:46,720 --> 00:22:51,040 Speaker 2: The obvious first suspect was Costimo, the first di Medici, 281 00:22:51,480 --> 00:22:54,760 Speaker 2: the replacement Duke of Florence, who would have wanted to 282 00:22:54,840 --> 00:22:58,200 Speaker 2: avenge a death in the family and protect Medici power. 283 00:22:58,800 --> 00:23:03,080 Speaker 2: He offered the rear had multiple agents in Venice trying 284 00:23:03,119 --> 00:23:08,040 Speaker 2: to tie up loose ends, met with Lorenzino's two attackers beforehand, 285 00:23:08,359 --> 00:23:13,520 Speaker 2: and then gave them their promised reward afterward. Case closed right. 286 00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:19,879 Speaker 2: Many scholars accepted that narrative for centuries, but dal Aglio 287 00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:25,479 Speaker 2: found letters that proved Cosimo's agents were actually bear with 288 00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:30,480 Speaker 2: me in Venice to kill a different influential Florentine exile, 289 00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:34,280 Speaker 2: and Cosimo was not even the first noble to be 290 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:41,800 Speaker 2: alerted once Lorenzino's murder was accomplished. John Francisco Ltini was 291 00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:48,040 Speaker 2: another likely culprit. Lotini was Duke Cosimo's secretary and a 292 00:23:48,119 --> 00:23:52,920 Speaker 2: guy with a history of violence. Several historians writing after 293 00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:57,000 Speaker 2: the event posited that Cosimo sent him to Venice, where 294 00:23:57,119 --> 00:24:02,880 Speaker 2: he then predominantly organized Laura or Enzeno's assassination, but there's 295 00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:07,040 Speaker 2: no direct evidence to support that theory, and in fact, 296 00:24:07,119 --> 00:24:11,480 Speaker 2: it was actually later discovered that nineteenth century historians who 297 00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:17,679 Speaker 2: posited it had actually misunderstood key archival documents. It was 298 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:21,520 Speaker 2: also natural to wonder whether the assassins had simply acted 299 00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:26,920 Speaker 2: of their own accord. The reward was massive. On top 300 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:31,120 Speaker 2: of the huge sum of four thousand gold ducats, which 301 00:24:31,119 --> 00:24:34,120 Speaker 2: would have been over one hundred times the annual salary 302 00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:38,640 Speaker 2: of many laborers and soldiers at the time, these successful 303 00:24:38,840 --> 00:24:43,520 Speaker 2: killers of Lorenzino would also be shielded from punishment and 304 00:24:43,680 --> 00:24:50,159 Speaker 2: even receive amnesty for any prior crimes. Still, even for 305 00:24:50,359 --> 00:24:54,520 Speaker 2: such a bounty, this theory doesn't make a ton of sense, 306 00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:59,960 Speaker 2: given the risks, the political clout of the main parties involved, 307 00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:04,480 Speaker 2: and the fact that after so long, any killer seriously 308 00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:07,720 Speaker 2: considering the job would want to go through the proper 309 00:25:07,880 --> 00:25:11,640 Speaker 2: channels to clear it with Cosimo beforehand to make sure 310 00:25:11,680 --> 00:25:15,360 Speaker 2: that they would still get paid. As the two killers did, 311 00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:18,800 Speaker 2: I mean, there was no guarantee that the reward was 312 00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:26,320 Speaker 2: still standing eleven years later. Margaret of Parma, Alessandro's grieving widow, 313 00:25:26,960 --> 00:25:32,160 Speaker 2: was another interesting suspect. The two had been married less 314 00:25:32,160 --> 00:25:36,920 Speaker 2: than a year before Lorenzino killed Alessandro. She was only 315 00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:40,720 Speaker 2: fourteen at the time and devastated to the point that 316 00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:46,080 Speaker 2: she signed her letters sad Margaret, she placed her own 317 00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:51,359 Speaker 2: bounty on Lorenzino's head. Although her most potent means of 318 00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:56,520 Speaker 2: instigating revenge wouldn't be from her own direct influence, it 319 00:25:56,560 --> 00:25:59,960 Speaker 2: would be from her ability to call on other power 320 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:07,240 Speaker 2: powerful figures including Charles the Fifth, the Habsburg King of Spain, 321 00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:12,680 Speaker 2: the Archduke of Austria, and Holy Roman Emperor, a man 322 00:26:12,760 --> 00:26:17,320 Speaker 2: who ruled a conglomeration of realms so large some referred 323 00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:20,840 Speaker 2: to it as the empire on which the sun never sets. 324 00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:27,920 Speaker 2: Turns out, Charles had two big motives. First, Duke Alessandro 325 00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:33,200 Speaker 2: had been under his direct political protection, and two, Duke 326 00:26:33,240 --> 00:26:38,600 Speaker 2: Alessandro's wife, Margaret, was his daughter, so he was adamant that, 327 00:26:38,840 --> 00:26:43,880 Speaker 2: for reasons personal and political, his son in law must 328 00:26:43,920 --> 00:26:49,919 Speaker 2: be avenged. Our investigative historian del Alio had a hunch 329 00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:53,560 Speaker 2: that Charles the fifth was the mastermind pulling the strings. 330 00:26:54,359 --> 00:26:57,919 Speaker 2: But if so, why did he wait so long for 331 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:02,200 Speaker 2: one thing? Letters showed that Charless felt that revenge should 332 00:27:02,200 --> 00:27:06,479 Speaker 2: come from Florence. Cosimo should be the one to enact 333 00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:11,439 Speaker 2: justice for a crime that was committed in his own state. Additionally, 334 00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:15,560 Speaker 2: Charles the fifth was really, really busy. He was off 335 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:19,040 Speaker 2: at war with France and trying to staunch the spread 336 00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:25,040 Speaker 2: of Protestantism in Germany. Back in Florence, Cosimo had his 337 00:27:25,080 --> 00:27:30,399 Speaker 2: own reasons for procrastinating avenging his predecessor. On a basic level, 338 00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:34,080 Speaker 2: he actually wouldn't even be duke if Alessandro hadn't died, 339 00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:38,119 Speaker 2: so he wasn't too terribly upset about it. And furthermore, 340 00:27:38,160 --> 00:27:41,919 Speaker 2: he was more focused on consolidating power in Florence at 341 00:27:41,960 --> 00:27:47,480 Speaker 2: the time, on quelling more exile uprisings, ardently supporting the arts, 342 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:51,960 Speaker 2: and actually being an unusually faithful husband. He had his 343 00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:55,840 Speaker 2: own life to lead. Cosimo eventually proved to be an 344 00:27:55,880 --> 00:28:00,440 Speaker 2: astute ruler who became the first Grand Duke of Ty 345 00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:04,440 Speaker 2: and he would have a substantial influence on Florentine culture 346 00:28:04,520 --> 00:28:09,240 Speaker 2: for years to come, even cementing a relatively successful working 347 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:14,880 Speaker 2: relationship with Charles the Fifth. So ironically, if Lorenzino had 348 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:19,560 Speaker 2: indeed been attempting to limit Medici power in Florence by 349 00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:25,880 Speaker 2: killing Duke Alessandro, it backfired. Nevertheless, as the years passed, 350 00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:30,360 Speaker 2: Charles the Fifth grew restless on that lingering, loose end 351 00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:37,520 Speaker 2: of Lorenzino. The timing of Lorenzino's murder ultimately coincided with 352 00:28:37,640 --> 00:28:41,840 Speaker 2: a period when Charles the Fifth's other conflicts abated and 353 00:28:41,960 --> 00:28:45,240 Speaker 2: he finally had time to focus on the Italian States. 354 00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:51,320 Speaker 2: His direct involvement makes sense, but historian del Alio needed 355 00:28:51,520 --> 00:28:56,440 Speaker 2: clear proof in order to connect the dots. Luckily, Charles 356 00:28:56,480 --> 00:29:01,280 Speaker 2: the Fifth left behind plenty of evidence. As de Laalio 357 00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:05,680 Speaker 2: himself said of his search, the most logical place to 358 00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:09,800 Speaker 2: look for a gun still smoking after five hundred years 359 00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:14,000 Speaker 2: was Charles the Fifth's own archives, which he founded during 360 00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:19,680 Speaker 2: this period to preserve his papers. Sure Enough, surprisingly, explicit 361 00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:27,520 Speaker 2: documents preserved there shed definitive light, specifically direct correspondent between 362 00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:31,360 Speaker 2: Charles the Fifth and his Venetian ambassador, which revealed the 363 00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:36,600 Speaker 2: emperor's adamant stance that Lorenzino's crime should never be forgiven. 364 00:29:37,320 --> 00:29:42,400 Speaker 2: The men contemplated the possible methods, logistics, and personnel that 365 00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:47,760 Speaker 2: would be needed to finally kill Lorenzino. Then, at long last, 366 00:29:47,880 --> 00:29:52,880 Speaker 2: on January eleventh, fifteen forty eight, a letter from Augsburg 367 00:29:53,040 --> 00:29:58,080 Speaker 2: arrived in Venice. Charles the Fifth personally ordered Lorenzino de 368 00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:03,600 Speaker 2: Medici's murder. Duke Cosimo had been generally informed of the plot, 369 00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:07,000 Speaker 2: particularly so that he could guarantee the payment of his 370 00:30:07,080 --> 00:30:11,479 Speaker 2: offered bounty, but when it came to bringing Lorenzino to justice, 371 00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:16,080 Speaker 2: Charles the Fifth, Charles the Fifth's ambassador, and the two 372 00:30:16,360 --> 00:30:22,800 Speaker 2: hired killers took the primary initiative. Accordingly, Charles the Fifth 373 00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:27,320 Speaker 2: was immediately notified of Lorenzino's death before any other ruler, 374 00:30:27,720 --> 00:30:30,480 Speaker 2: so that he could give instructions on how to proceed. 375 00:30:32,400 --> 00:30:37,240 Speaker 2: In hindsight, seeking out a repository of incredibly relevant and 376 00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:42,800 Speaker 2: conveniently kept information seems almost laughably obvious. The evidence was 377 00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:47,440 Speaker 2: right there. But revisiting such a case took the fortitude 378 00:30:47,480 --> 00:30:53,280 Speaker 2: to challenge long accepted wisdom, wisdom that seemed plausible enough, 379 00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:56,880 Speaker 2: and to form the right theories to know where to 380 00:30:57,000 --> 00:31:01,440 Speaker 2: look solving the mystery in this case also required that 381 00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:06,520 Speaker 2: the executioner, our big boss, Charles the Fifth, preserved his correspondence, 382 00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:10,760 Speaker 2: and why shouldn't he Why worry about anyone discovering a 383 00:31:10,920 --> 00:31:15,240 Speaker 2: little more blood on his hands? If anything, his feelings 384 00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:19,280 Speaker 2: were probably the opposite. Though this was only a small 385 00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:22,960 Speaker 2: chapter of his sizeable legacy, it's easy to imagine that 386 00:31:23,120 --> 00:31:27,000 Speaker 2: on some level he wanted it known for posterity that 387 00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:31,080 Speaker 2: if you come for a protected duke, a noble cousin, 388 00:31:31,520 --> 00:31:34,600 Speaker 2: the son in law of the most powerful man in Europe, 389 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:39,320 Speaker 2: you don't walk free forever. If revenge is a dish 390 00:31:39,520 --> 00:31:44,800 Speaker 2: best served cold, then the final helping Charles served to 391 00:31:44,920 --> 00:31:54,480 Speaker 2: Lorenzino was truly ice. That's the story of Lorenzino de 392 00:31:54,600 --> 00:31:58,880 Speaker 2: Medici's turbulent life and murder. But stick around after a 393 00:31:58,920 --> 00:32:03,920 Speaker 2: brief sponsor to hear about an additional intriguing wrinkle in 394 00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:15,080 Speaker 2: Lorenzino's murderous legacy. After killing Lorenzino de Medici, one of 395 00:32:15,120 --> 00:32:20,240 Speaker 2: the hired assassins actually distributed his own written account of 396 00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:25,520 Speaker 2: his violent act. Far from exhibiting the eloquence and erudite 397 00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:32,440 Speaker 2: musings of Lorenzino's apology, Francesco Beiboni's cruder confession still completed, 398 00:32:32,560 --> 00:32:37,240 Speaker 2: a fitting sort of eleven year call and response, and 399 00:32:37,480 --> 00:32:40,920 Speaker 2: in its own way, this follow up statement amplified some 400 00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:46,520 Speaker 2: of Lorenzino's own morbid rationale, or, as author translator Tim 401 00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:50,920 Speaker 2: Parks put it, quote, the notion that saving oneself from 402 00:32:50,920 --> 00:33:00,160 Speaker 2: the oblivion of anonymity is sufficient justification for any atrocity. 403 00:33:07,040 --> 00:33:10,760 Speaker 2: Noble Blood is a production of iHeart Radio and Grim 404 00:33:10,840 --> 00:33:14,400 Speaker 2: and Mild from Aaron Mankey. Noble Blood is hosted by 405 00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:20,000 Speaker 2: me Dana Schwartz, with additional writing and research by Hannah Johnston, Hannahswick, 406 00:33:20,160 --> 00:33:24,280 Speaker 2: Courtney Sender, Amy Hit and Julia Milani. The show is 407 00:33:24,440 --> 00:33:29,760 Speaker 2: edited and produced by Jesse Funk, with supervising producerrima Ill 408 00:33:29,920 --> 00:33:34,960 Speaker 2: Kali and executive producers Aaron Manke, Trevor Young, and Matt Frederick. 409 00:33:35,440 --> 00:33:41,080 Speaker 2: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 410 00:33:41,320 --> 00:33:45,360 Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.