WEBVTT - Will California fall into the ocean? 0:00:01.560 --> 0:00:04.760 Welcome to Stuff from the Science Lab from how stuff 0:00:04.760 --> 0:00:16.160 works dot com. Hey guys, and welcome to the podcast. 0:00:16.200 --> 0:00:18.159 This is Alison I don't know, the science editor at 0:00:18.160 --> 0:00:20.479 how stuff works dot com. And this is Robert Lamb, 0:00:20.520 --> 0:00:23.480 science writer at how stuff works dot com. And we're 0:00:23.560 --> 0:00:25.320 kicking off with a letter right off the bat. We 0:00:25.440 --> 0:00:27.760 sure are. And this letter comes to you compliments of 0:00:27.840 --> 0:00:31.280 one of Florida Matt and Florida Matt recently wrote us 0:00:31.280 --> 0:00:34.720 saying good morning Alison and Robert. My girlfriend is currently 0:00:34.720 --> 0:00:37.159 going to college where one of her professors told her 0:00:37.320 --> 0:00:40.240 there is a theory that one end that one day 0:00:40.280 --> 0:00:43.560 the Santa's fault will split, plummeting the West Coast into 0:00:43.560 --> 0:00:47.920 the ocean, never to be heard from again. I'm skeptical 0:00:47.960 --> 0:00:49.640 about it, but I wanted to see what you had 0:00:49.680 --> 0:00:53.559 to say. Thanks for your consideration, Love the podcast. Matt. Okay, Well, 0:00:53.600 --> 0:00:56.680 you know this is actually a really popular idea, at 0:00:56.760 --> 0:01:00.440 least I mean in terms of like pop culture references 0:01:00.480 --> 0:01:03.480 to it. Yeah, it's it's out there, like like, were 0:01:03.520 --> 0:01:06.400 you aware of it? Had you had you encountered this 0:01:06.440 --> 0:01:09.880 anywhere in pop culture beforehand? A little bit? Yeah? How 0:01:09.920 --> 0:01:12.880 about you? Yeah, mainly I was familiar with it out 0:01:13.080 --> 0:01:16.920 because of like there's at least one Tool song that 0:01:17.280 --> 0:01:20.920 makes reference to it a lot off of the Autuma album. Okay, 0:01:20.959 --> 0:01:22.640 I'm not familiar with that one. Yeah that was from 0:01:22.640 --> 0:01:25.959 back in uh in high school when that one came out, Uh, 0:01:26.280 --> 0:01:28.520 really good album. But we put the call for Facebook 0:01:29.080 --> 0:01:31.080 two people for people to come in on this y yeah, 0:01:31.080 --> 0:01:32.480 because because I just remembered that one and I was like, 0:01:32.520 --> 0:01:33.840 all right, well, what else is there? Because I know 0:01:33.880 --> 0:01:37.000 it's a really common thing, right so um uh. This 0:01:37.040 --> 0:01:39.120 guy Michael, who I went to high school with, by 0:01:39.160 --> 0:01:42.760 the way, said Michael from high school. He said that 0:01:42.840 --> 0:01:47.000 Jimmy Eats World song Blister had features it. Um. A 0:01:47.000 --> 0:01:49.920 guy named John told us quote escape from l A 0:01:50.360 --> 0:01:53.680 do you even have to ask? Also sometimes my dreams 0:01:54.200 --> 0:01:58.840 Oh all right, so yeah, I guess he doesn't like CALLI. Um. 0:01:59.040 --> 0:02:02.600 Heather Right mentions something called the End of the World. 0:02:02.880 --> 0:02:05.920 It's like a flash cartoon on the internet. Um uh. 0:02:06.240 --> 0:02:10.760 David mentions, uh the stand up comedy of Bill Hicks, um, 0:02:10.800 --> 0:02:13.720 which I think was also referenced on the that Tool album. Um. 0:02:13.840 --> 0:02:16.840 Valerie says, quote, I think there's a rancid song that 0:02:16.919 --> 0:02:22.040 even adds an expletive between fall into the and ocean, So, um, 0:02:22.320 --> 0:02:24.760 all right, I don't know what that expletive could be. 0:02:24.919 --> 0:02:27.120 But and then, and then one of my favorites, Warren 0:02:27.200 --> 0:02:30.600 Zyvon had a song called Desperadoes under the Eaves and 0:02:30.639 --> 0:02:31.919 there's a part in it. I think it's in the 0:02:31.960 --> 0:02:36.639 course where he's like, and if California falls into the ocean, 0:02:37.280 --> 0:02:41.480 like the mystics and statistics say it will, Like that's 0:02:41.600 --> 0:02:44.240 very nice, Robert, Well, thank you. Yeah. So, but that's 0:02:44.280 --> 0:02:45.880 the thing. Do you do the other part of the 0:02:46.120 --> 0:02:53.000 other big Warren Zevon song. Well, the weird thing is 0:02:53.040 --> 0:02:56.280 it's like, do you think that's representative? Yes? And no? 0:02:56.400 --> 0:02:58.200 Like I love that song, but like, you know, you 0:02:58.280 --> 0:03:00.520 go out to karaoke, and I'm always I don't go 0:03:00.520 --> 0:03:01.960 out to kara okay a lot, but when I do, 0:03:02.120 --> 0:03:03.919 I always check out Warren's. Vanni is one of the 0:03:04.240 --> 0:03:06.560 few artists that I like, Like, these are fun songs 0:03:06.600 --> 0:03:10.040 to sing, right, but they almost always will just have 0:03:10.720 --> 0:03:12.720 Werewolves of London, which is really more of us, Like 0:03:12.720 --> 0:03:15.440 he's kind of talking in that song and it's not 0:03:15.520 --> 0:03:18.720 really sung per se as fun as it is. And 0:03:18.760 --> 0:03:20.440 he has so many other songs that are a lot 0:03:20.800 --> 0:03:23.160 more you know, just a lot more fun to sing, 0:03:23.200 --> 0:03:26.520 like Excitable Boy or or Desperadoes under the Eaves, you know. 0:03:26.800 --> 0:03:29.000 So so yeah, and it's and he did so much 0:03:29.000 --> 0:03:33.200 other work. That's great. So Callie and Warren's that's what 0:03:33.280 --> 0:03:35.400 we bring to you today. So let's do a quick 0:03:35.400 --> 0:03:38.120 refresher on earthquakes. Yeah, because that's what we're talking about. 0:03:38.160 --> 0:03:42.240 That's what would cause California too, in theory, fall into 0:03:42.280 --> 0:03:45.240 the ocean. Right now, that California sin that's going on 0:03:45.280 --> 0:03:48.960 in Californization, but no California earthquakes. That's that's what we're 0:03:48.960 --> 0:03:51.880 interested in. I just I was thinking about the Chili Peppers. 0:03:51.880 --> 0:03:54.760 I was trying to think if they had referenced California 0:03:54.760 --> 0:03:56.600 falling into the ocean. That's like, I don't think, I 0:03:56.600 --> 0:03:59.440 guess not. I think I'm not that familiar with their work, 0:03:59.520 --> 0:04:02.280 but I was a huge fan Mother's Milk No Never, 0:04:02.440 --> 0:04:03.960 I mean I knew from the tracks off of it. 0:04:04.040 --> 0:04:06.720 But but anyway, it's like nobody mentioned it on Facebook, 0:04:06.760 --> 0:04:10.640 So alright, Facebook has to be right. So what's an 0:04:10.640 --> 0:04:13.520 earthquake again? You guys know this, you're probably saying it 0:04:13.560 --> 0:04:15.920 with us it's just really when the ground starts shaking 0:04:15.960 --> 0:04:19.600 beneath your feet, and what does that cause? By shaking 0:04:19.680 --> 0:04:21.599 is caused by a sudden motion in the in the 0:04:21.640 --> 0:04:24.120 plates that are all around us in the Earth's cross 0:04:24.200 --> 0:04:28.560 energy waves like moving through the cross. Right. Yeah, it's 0:04:28.600 --> 0:04:31.520 pretty simple explanation. A rock jockey, you might tell you 0:04:31.800 --> 0:04:33.919 something a little different, get a little bit more into detail. 0:04:34.800 --> 0:04:37.360 And where do they happen? Right? So, earthquakes can happen 0:04:37.400 --> 0:04:43.040 anywhere anywhere anywhere, well on Earth. True, it's not just Calie, 0:04:43.040 --> 0:04:45.520 it's not just the famous Ring of Fire. Um. They 0:04:45.520 --> 0:04:48.880 do tend to concentrate in three zones, according to the 0:04:49.000 --> 0:04:53.000 United States Geological Survey. So first one, you guys are 0:04:53.040 --> 0:04:55.320 going to know this one Pacific rim Ak, the Ring 0:04:55.360 --> 0:04:58.880 of Fire, and that's responsible for more than eight percent 0:04:59.240 --> 0:05:02.120 of earthquakes. Yeah, Johnny Cash wrote a song about it, 0:05:02.200 --> 0:05:06.080 right he did. Are you gonna sing that too? Okay? Ah. 0:05:06.160 --> 0:05:08.880 There's another belt called the Alpine and that's a found 0:05:08.880 --> 0:05:11.760 in Indonesia and it kind of trails into the Atlantic. 0:05:12.200 --> 0:05:14.600 And then there's a last belt that tracks the mid 0:05:14.640 --> 0:05:17.960 Atlantic rich and it's underwater, so it's not the big one. 0:05:17.960 --> 0:05:19.560 It's not the ram of Fire. We don't hear a 0:05:19.560 --> 0:05:21.719 whole lot about that one. And it's important to note 0:05:21.720 --> 0:05:24.920 too that you know, earthquakes on TV or the ones 0:05:25.000 --> 0:05:26.839 that you know your friend is likely to tell you about, 0:05:26.960 --> 0:05:30.880 you know, at dinner is something that you feel obviously, 0:05:30.880 --> 0:05:33.039 but you don't always feel them. Sometimes they're so subtle 0:05:33.120 --> 0:05:36.120 that you'd really have to have like some some actual 0:05:36.440 --> 0:05:41.159 seismological you know, equipment to determine them. Yeah. Here in 0:05:41.160 --> 0:05:43.360 Georgia we have them. There was one in August, fifth 0:05:44.320 --> 0:05:48.839 magnitude two point two, so right, probably probably not too detectable. 0:05:50.720 --> 0:05:53.920 The eppy center of that one was close to Millageville. Somehow, 0:05:53.960 --> 0:05:58.560 I don't picture Millageville and Georgia being you know, it's 0:05:58.600 --> 0:06:01.360 like Milan filosity. The earth quake capital isn't now where 0:06:01.360 --> 0:06:03.240 that football scandal just went down. I think it was 0:06:03.800 --> 0:06:07.600 m hm, no idea. Okay, So here's another earthquake term 0:06:07.600 --> 0:06:10.799 that we should mention. Fault. Yes, when you're talking about earthquakes, 0:06:10.800 --> 0:06:13.400 a lot of times you're talking about faults. And so 0:06:13.560 --> 0:06:15.640 here's the quick definition for you, the quick, the quick 0:06:15.680 --> 0:06:18.599 and dirty. It's a fracture, really um and it's a 0:06:18.600 --> 0:06:20.880 fracture in the Earth. On either side of the Earth, 0:06:20.920 --> 0:06:23.680 you're gonna have these blocks of crust and they're moving 0:06:23.760 --> 0:06:26.800 relative to one another, parallel to the fracture. Yeah, it's 0:06:26.880 --> 0:06:29.000 kind of like I always think of it when I 0:06:29.000 --> 0:06:31.280 look at an actual skull, you know, like a human 0:06:31.279 --> 0:06:33.159 skull or a model of the human skull, because they 0:06:33.160 --> 0:06:35.599 don't do it a lot of just staring at real skulls. 0:06:35.920 --> 0:06:38.520 But you know how like the skull is not one bone, 0:06:38.600 --> 0:06:41.039 it's several and you can see the different lines where 0:06:41.040 --> 0:06:44.800 they come together, and that's like the crust of the Earth. Well, 0:06:44.839 --> 0:06:47.359 today we're going to talk mainly about the San Andrea's fault. 0:06:47.800 --> 0:06:50.560 That's the big one, and it's it's really the boundary 0:06:50.600 --> 0:06:54.240 between the North American and the Pacific plates, right, and 0:06:54.240 --> 0:06:56.240 it's visible to the eye and that that's pretty cool 0:06:56.240 --> 0:06:59.080 because most of the big faults aren't. Yeah, this one 0:06:59.160 --> 0:07:01.280 is one you can you can to these really spectacular 0:07:01.760 --> 0:07:03.920 you know, aerial shots of it, and it looks like 0:07:04.200 --> 0:07:07.719 two massive, uh you know, chunks of of the the 0:07:07.760 --> 0:07:10.680 Earth's surface are rubbing against each other and causing it 0:07:10.760 --> 0:07:14.120 kind of looks like scar tissue, like geologic scar tissue, 0:07:14.120 --> 0:07:16.000 and that's kind of what it is. Yeah, it's also 0:07:16.080 --> 0:07:19.720 kind of like a truugh yeah in the earth. Like 0:07:19.760 --> 0:07:23.840 if you've ever seen like Abdullah the butcher's forehead out, 0:07:24.000 --> 0:07:25.680 throw that out to the wrestling fans. That's what it 0:07:25.680 --> 0:07:29.560 looks like. It's like a gritty, starts, hard tissue. Something 0:07:29.560 --> 0:07:32.520 else that's cool about the Santa Jay as well is, um, 0:07:32.560 --> 0:07:35.920 you can literally straddle two plates, right and these these plates, 0:07:35.920 --> 0:07:39.640 these tectonic plates we're talking about, are enormous, right, they 0:07:39.680 --> 0:07:42.040 have a whole lot of land behind them or you know, 0:07:42.120 --> 0:07:43.560 to the right and the left of them, if you're 0:07:43.560 --> 0:07:45.920 going to think about it like that. Um, so near 0:07:45.960 --> 0:07:48.000 the Santa Jeria's fault, you can find you can like 0:07:48.040 --> 0:07:51.960 sit one ft on the North American plate, the other 0:07:51.960 --> 0:07:54.480 foot on the Pacific plate like Hawaii, Japan, all of that. 0:07:54.560 --> 0:07:57.040 So that's really cool. It reminds me of that spot 0:07:57.040 --> 0:08:00.760 in the United States where the four Corners where you 0:08:00.800 --> 0:08:03.080 can yeah yeah, yeah, where it's like, yeah, you get 0:08:03.080 --> 0:08:07.280 all the touristy photos of in this state, right right. 0:08:08.240 --> 0:08:12.520 So the San andre is specifically is a strike slip fault, okay, 0:08:12.560 --> 0:08:14.880 and this is uh, this is where the two plates 0:08:14.880 --> 0:08:17.160 are trying to push past each other. And if they 0:08:17.200 --> 0:08:19.760 pass one another easily, it's no big deal, right, But 0:08:19.800 --> 0:08:22.000 it's when they can't, when the plates are locked, that 0:08:22.120 --> 0:08:24.520 tension builds up and boom, you get a big earthquake, 0:08:24.800 --> 0:08:26.560 like I tend to think of like like if and 0:08:26.640 --> 0:08:28.200 don't do this because you might you know, you don't 0:08:28.200 --> 0:08:30.800 want to damage your enamel. But like when teeth are grinding, 0:08:30.920 --> 0:08:33.200 you know, like grinding your teeth, and if you would 0:08:33.200 --> 0:08:35.000 have put like so much pressure that you couldn't quite 0:08:35.040 --> 0:08:39.520 grind them, you know where it's like earthquake in your mouth. Yeah, exactly. 0:08:40.000 --> 0:08:41.839 That's what comes to mind when when we were looking 0:08:41.880 --> 0:08:44.400 over all this stuff. Yeah, and it's not just a 0:08:44.400 --> 0:08:48.040 strike slip fall. It's a right lateral strike slip. So 0:08:48.160 --> 0:08:49.839 let's let's set this up for you. Let's say you're 0:08:49.880 --> 0:08:53.160 standing on the North American Plate so um, with your 0:08:53.160 --> 0:08:56.640 back to New York, and you're facing the Pacific Plate. 0:08:56.679 --> 0:08:59.800 You're facing the Pacific Ocean. So the plate, the Pacific Plate, 0:08:59.880 --> 0:09:02.800 with look like it's moving to the right. Okay, So 0:09:02.920 --> 0:09:05.760 how much is it moving? That's the big question? Right, Well, 0:09:05.840 --> 0:09:09.040 not not enough to really like you're not gonna notice it, 0:09:09.200 --> 0:09:10.600 like if your house is on the fault line. You're 0:09:10.600 --> 0:09:12.120 not gonna look at and be like, whoa, there is 0:09:12.160 --> 0:09:15.320 a forest there yesterday. Now it's a desert, right, So yeah, 0:09:15.360 --> 0:09:17.040 you're not really going to notice it because it's forty 0:09:17.080 --> 0:09:20.440 six millimeters a year. That's hardly noticeable to us. But 0:09:20.920 --> 0:09:23.640 you get a big great earthquake going on, like the 0:09:23.679 --> 0:09:26.160 earthquake of nineteen o six, and you're gonna have some 0:09:26.200 --> 0:09:29.839 pretty major offsets. So according to the U s G 0:09:30.160 --> 0:09:33.160 S them, there was a road that wound up being 0:09:33.200 --> 0:09:40.240 offset by one feet. Okay, well that's noticeable. It's definitely noticeable. Um, 0:09:40.320 --> 0:09:43.400 the San Andrew's fault has been around for fifteen five 0:09:43.440 --> 0:09:48.839 million years and it's experienced a creep of about miles. 0:09:49.600 --> 0:09:51.320 That's about normal. It sounds like a lot, but yeah, 0:09:51.320 --> 0:09:54.560 it is pretty normal. Yeah. And again we're talking about 0:09:54.559 --> 0:09:57.520 the Pacific plate, the one that's um moving north with 0:09:57.600 --> 0:10:00.319 respect to the North America, and it's got some southern 0:10:00.679 --> 0:10:03.160 California on it, though not all of southern California, just 0:10:03.240 --> 0:10:07.880 like it's like a tasty strip of it, you know. Yeah. Right, 0:10:07.920 --> 0:10:10.559 So the Sant Andreas Fault, we haven't really told you, Um, 0:10:10.600 --> 0:10:14.760 you know, some of its geographics specifics. Yeah, it's what long. Yeah, 0:10:14.920 --> 0:10:17.240 it runs past San Francisco in the north all the 0:10:17.280 --> 0:10:20.120 way up to Mendocino, and then to the south, it 0:10:20.200 --> 0:10:23.760 runs past Los Angeles to the Sultan Sea, so roughly 0:10:23.800 --> 0:10:27.199 echoes the California coastline for much of it, but as 0:10:27.280 --> 0:10:30.800 you amble south along the fault zone, it moves more 0:10:30.840 --> 0:10:35.760 inland and you know, dividing somewhat northern California from southern California. 0:10:36.520 --> 0:10:38.760 Beneath the coast, the fault can reach up to ten 0:10:38.800 --> 0:10:42.040 miles into the ground. Ten miles into the ground, So 0:10:42.160 --> 0:10:44.640 it's deep, it is, and it's a It's another thing 0:10:44.640 --> 0:10:46.480 to keep in mind here when you talk about, well 0:10:46.480 --> 0:10:50.760 California fall into the ocean, is that the fall line 0:10:50.800 --> 0:10:53.320 we're talking about is not like they didn't like put 0:10:53.320 --> 0:10:55.880 the state boundary on the fall line or anything. It's 0:10:55.880 --> 0:10:58.760 like not even close. It's uh, you know, it's a 0:10:58.800 --> 0:11:01.880 good ways off. But I mean some parts of it 0:11:01.960 --> 0:11:05.319 really do separate, you know, California from the ocean. I 0:11:05.360 --> 0:11:07.960 mean it doesn't literally, but if you look at it 0:11:07.960 --> 0:11:10.199 on an aerial of view or just in the geographic 0:11:10.200 --> 0:11:12.720 boundary for sure, out in the northern part of it, 0:11:13.040 --> 0:11:17.240 between California and the sea. But say between California and Arizona. No, No, 0:11:17.320 --> 0:11:19.360 there's no fault line out there. I mean there's there's 0:11:19.400 --> 0:11:22.160 no fault line dividing the two states. So with that 0:11:22.600 --> 0:11:25.600 rather powerful fault line there in California, obviously there have 0:11:25.760 --> 0:11:28.640 been some some pretty powerful earthquakes over time. Right, we're 0:11:28.679 --> 0:11:31.960 talking about thousands of earthquakes occurring in California every year, 0:11:32.360 --> 0:11:34.920 and in the San Andrea's fault zone is responsible for most. 0:11:35.800 --> 0:11:40.800 So the first recorded California earthquake occurred in seventeen sixty nine. Um, 0:11:40.840 --> 0:11:45.000 there was an expedition, the gaspar da Portola Expedition, that 0:11:45.080 --> 0:11:47.800 was camped about thirty miles outside of Los Angeles, and 0:11:47.800 --> 0:11:54.880 they reported it. They reported four severe shocks. Yeah. And 0:11:54.920 --> 0:11:57.040 then the most famous and destructive was, of course the 0:11:57.080 --> 0:12:02.800 ninety six earthquake, and that's technically April. Yeah, sir, this 0:12:02.880 --> 0:12:04.920 was cool. The U. S g. S, as you guys 0:12:04.920 --> 0:12:08.320 probably know, is just this amazing treasure trove of awesome info. 0:12:09.040 --> 0:12:11.960 And um, they had a link to some eyewitness accounts 0:12:11.960 --> 0:12:14.280 from that earthquake, so I wanted to read you part 0:12:14.280 --> 0:12:17.520 of one. This is from John J. Conlin, who was 0:12:17.559 --> 0:12:19.800 seven on the day of the great earthquake. Okay, are 0:12:19.800 --> 0:12:23.040 you going to do this in like an old dude voice? Well, no, seven, 0:12:23.120 --> 0:12:27.600 So well, I guess yeah. Well I'll give it my best, 0:12:27.720 --> 0:12:32.400 my best attempt. Um. Okay. So there was never any 0:12:32.480 --> 0:12:35.280 question in my mind as to the severity of the earthquake. 0:12:35.360 --> 0:12:38.840 At five thirteen on that Wednesday morning, I was awakened 0:12:38.960 --> 0:12:41.160 from a sound sleep by the shaking of my bed 0:12:41.240 --> 0:12:45.320 and the house father heard it. Flossy. Flossy is this 0:12:45.360 --> 0:12:48.120 woman who apparently assisted John J. Conlin's mom in case 0:12:48.120 --> 0:12:51.680 you guys were wondering, So father hearded Flossy, my brother 0:12:51.679 --> 0:12:54.040 and me into a doorway for protection in the event 0:12:54.080 --> 0:12:58.000 the house collapsed. Actually it was only slightly damaged within moments. 0:12:58.080 --> 0:13:00.600 During this period of the city's greatest in emergency, the 0:13:00.640 --> 0:13:03.400 unusual silence of the alarm belt told its own story. 0:13:03.920 --> 0:13:06.560 The system was destroyed, as was the functioning of the 0:13:06.559 --> 0:13:11.440 city's thirty thousand telephones. For once and tragically, so the 0:13:11.520 --> 0:13:14.680 cries of chapped victims for help generally refer to the 0:13:14.679 --> 0:13:18.840 fire department for attention could not instantly activate rescue crews. 0:13:20.080 --> 0:13:23.160 Conlin gives a lot more detail, but he winds up 0:13:23.280 --> 0:13:26.160 ending with May the children of San Francisco or any 0:13:26.200 --> 0:13:29.880 place never again enjoy such an experience as mine. But 0:13:29.920 --> 0:13:32.120 the truth is earthquakes happen all the time, and big 0:13:32.160 --> 0:13:34.920 ones happen all the time, and hundreds of thousands of people, 0:13:36.000 --> 0:13:37.679 you know, wind up losing their lives. And by the way, 0:13:37.679 --> 0:13:40.920 you mentioned standing under the doorway, and the US Geological 0:13:40.960 --> 0:13:43.400 Survey points out that that's a rather, that's an outdated 0:13:43.480 --> 0:13:45.959 notion that was based on the idea that in the 0:13:46.000 --> 0:13:48.960 old days it would shake houses down and at times 0:13:49.000 --> 0:13:51.240 that would be like the reinforced part of the house, 0:13:51.600 --> 0:13:53.160 and so that would that would be some of it, 0:13:53.240 --> 0:13:55.360 that would be what was still standing after the house 0:13:55.400 --> 0:13:57.960 came down. But they say, don't do that. All right, 0:13:58.040 --> 0:14:00.800 good information, Robert, So, I like we've given you guys 0:14:00.840 --> 0:14:02.920 a lot of preamble to the question at hand. The 0:14:03.000 --> 0:14:05.880 question posed in the podcast title is Calli're going to 0:14:05.960 --> 0:14:08.880 fall into the ocean and it will No, No, it's not. 0:14:09.720 --> 0:14:12.040 I read it wrong off the sheet. It's no, it's 0:14:12.080 --> 0:14:15.640 not going to fall into the ocean. What up? Well, 0:14:15.679 --> 0:14:18.560 because well, for several reasons. Well, first of all, it's again, 0:14:18.600 --> 0:14:20.400 like we said, the fault line. Even if the fault 0:14:20.440 --> 0:14:23.560 the fault line could magically have like the super magnitude 0:14:23.640 --> 0:14:27.280 quake that could make the make part of it fall 0:14:27.280 --> 0:14:29.400 into the ocean, it wouldn't be the whole state. And secondly, 0:14:29.760 --> 0:14:32.360 the ocean isn't deep enough. It's not just this you know, 0:14:32.600 --> 0:14:36.120 yawning hole and which we can throw entire states. Yeah, 0:14:36.160 --> 0:14:38.760 it's and you know, you've seen the movie where like 0:14:38.760 --> 0:14:40.960 the earthquake makes a big hole open up and stuff 0:14:41.000 --> 0:14:43.440 falls into it and Superman is to save somebody or 0:14:43.480 --> 0:14:46.600 you know, erroneous but cool. Yeah, Yeah, it's like that 0:14:46.640 --> 0:14:49.240 doesn't happen. That's again we're talking about. Fault lines are 0:14:49.280 --> 0:14:52.200 about things pushing together, grinding against each other, like your teeth. 0:14:52.200 --> 0:14:54.760 You know, it's like they're grinding together, but they're they're 0:14:54.760 --> 0:14:58.040 not opening up and rending the earth asunder. I just 0:14:58.080 --> 0:15:01.640 love saying that rending the earth asunder. It feels very biblical. Yeah. 0:15:01.680 --> 0:15:03.760 I think I used to have, like when was the kid, 0:15:03.760 --> 0:15:05.160 that was like a Bible book and it had a 0:15:05.200 --> 0:15:07.880 picture of somebody being swallowed up by the earth. Yeah, 0:15:07.920 --> 0:15:10.400 so California is not going to be swept up to see, 0:15:11.000 --> 0:15:15.560 but it is moving. It definitely is moving um compliments 0:15:15.600 --> 0:15:17.840 of the two plates bumping up against each other in 0:15:17.880 --> 0:15:21.720 the fault zone and seth Western California is moving slowly, 0:15:22.240 --> 0:15:25.520 very slowly. Two inches per year is one that the 0:15:25.640 --> 0:15:30.160 USGS provided towards Alaska, and it's sliding past central and 0:15:30.200 --> 0:15:34.320 eastern California. And so you know, roughly fifteen million years 0:15:34.320 --> 0:15:38.600 from now or so, Los Angeles and San Franciscan's will 0:15:38.640 --> 0:15:42.920 be neighbors. That's pretty amazing. So the super evolved squid 0:15:43.200 --> 0:15:46.520 that take over and live in Los Angeles, they will 0:15:46.520 --> 0:15:48.840 be right next door to the super evolved cockroaches that 0:15:48.920 --> 0:15:52.400 live in in San Francisco. Indeed, maybe I hope they 0:15:52.440 --> 0:15:58.440 get along. Um Brinkley Seismological Lab is also an agreement 0:15:58.440 --> 0:16:00.840 on this one, both of which are pretty good sources 0:16:00.880 --> 0:16:02.280 for you guys to check out if you're interested in 0:16:02.320 --> 0:16:05.200 exploring this more. And besides which, earthquakes are just really 0:16:05.200 --> 0:16:07.000 interesting and the U s G s it is pretty 0:16:07.000 --> 0:16:08.720 amazing when I guess and stuff, and we have a 0:16:08.760 --> 0:16:11.880 good article on how earthquakes work. Did you work on one? No? 0:16:11.960 --> 0:16:14.480 I did not. Maybe it was the brain. I think 0:16:14.480 --> 0:16:17.000 the brain. I think it may have human at least 0:16:17.000 --> 0:16:19.120 may have co authored that one. Yeah. Yeah, so that's 0:16:19.160 --> 0:16:21.040 the answer to the question. It is moving, but no, 0:16:21.200 --> 0:16:22.960 it's not going to be swept into the ocean because 0:16:23.360 --> 0:16:26.080 the ocean is a landmass in itself, albeit one with 0:16:26.160 --> 0:16:28.400 water on top of it. But it's it's just not 0:16:28.440 --> 0:16:30.720 going to swallow up California. Yeah. I think people love 0:16:30.760 --> 0:16:32.760 it though, because there's you know, people have a lot 0:16:32.840 --> 0:16:37.280 of either hatred towards California. So this is feeling of yeah, 0:16:37.320 --> 0:16:39.440 it should break off and be its own thing or 0:16:39.760 --> 0:16:43.480 or you know, drowned in the ocean. So right, and 0:16:43.480 --> 0:16:46.480 then there's a whole movement in California, you know, between 0:16:47.160 --> 0:16:51.280 northern California and southern California and being a very different mindsets. 0:16:51.320 --> 0:16:53.800 According to some residents, it feels very different in play. 0:16:53.840 --> 0:16:57.080 I mean I just actually just got back from California. 0:16:57.160 --> 0:16:58.920 My wife and I went on a vacation and we 0:16:59.000 --> 0:17:01.440 got to see like Sam Cisco in l A. Took 0:17:01.520 --> 0:17:04.240 us a lot longer to travel between the two you know, 0:17:05.040 --> 0:17:07.520 two cities now than it will millions of years in 0:17:07.520 --> 0:17:10.960 the future. But yeah, it's like like it's it feels 0:17:11.000 --> 0:17:13.639 almost like a different state and it's a huge state. Yeah, 0:17:14.000 --> 0:17:18.040 no doubt. My brother lives in San Franz. Yeah. So 0:17:18.240 --> 0:17:19.879 thanks to Florida Mike for bringing that one to our 0:17:19.920 --> 0:17:23.080 attention and for giving us inspiration for this podcast. Do 0:17:23.119 --> 0:17:28.119 you want to do some listener mail Robert, Yeah, I've 0:17:28.160 --> 0:17:31.720 got some more, UM, and it's a good podcast to 0:17:31.720 --> 0:17:34.240 do this on, since the whole episodes came from a 0:17:34.359 --> 0:17:37.760 listener mail. UM, we received an email and we were 0:17:37.840 --> 0:17:41.879 both excited about this from uh Jenna, also known as 0:17:41.880 --> 0:17:45.399 hookworm Girl by US listeners. I mean we don't call 0:17:45.440 --> 0:17:47.399 her hook well, maybe we did call her girl. I 0:17:47.440 --> 0:17:51.959 think you call um. She's lovely feet, she said us 0:17:51.960 --> 0:17:54.520 a new pictures feet, new picture of her feet, and 0:17:55.000 --> 0:17:58.639 yes they look. It's a complete turnaround from the parasite 0:17:58.640 --> 0:18:03.320 infected uh things we saw before hookworms. You can see 0:18:03.320 --> 0:18:05.920 the hookworm track center and the skin and her feet. 0:18:06.000 --> 0:18:08.160 It was pretty awesome. Yeah, now they look they look 0:18:08.520 --> 0:18:12.000 pedicured and you know, the the toenails are nice, twinkly 0:18:12.080 --> 0:18:15.760 read and I'm very very healthy looking. And so anyways, 0:18:15.760 --> 0:18:17.880 she wrote as in centensis picture and she says, this 0:18:17.960 --> 0:18:21.119 is Jenna from Vancouver. I eat Hookworm Girl. Not to 0:18:21.160 --> 0:18:23.960 be confused with the superhero, although although that might be 0:18:24.000 --> 0:18:26.919 interesting and I agree. I just wanted to let you 0:18:26.920 --> 0:18:29.480 know that I am so tickled pink every time I 0:18:29.520 --> 0:18:32.119 hear my foot mention on your podcast. Here it is 0:18:32.119 --> 0:18:34.720 getting another mention. I never would have dreamed that that 0:18:34.760 --> 0:18:36.919 picture would have made such an impression. How could it not. 0:18:37.480 --> 0:18:40.520 It's pretty gross picture to put your mind at ease, 0:18:40.560 --> 0:18:42.080 I thought I would send you a more recent foot 0:18:42.119 --> 0:18:45.439 picture and thank you again for the great podcast. I 0:18:45.480 --> 0:18:48.040 work in a lab looking for new therapeutic strategies for 0:18:48.160 --> 0:18:51.640 fighting tuberculosis, and sometimes the lack of progress being made 0:18:51.960 --> 0:18:55.000 in antibotic research can be a little terrifying. On this note, 0:18:55.040 --> 0:18:58.200 I would like to suggest a podcast on bacterial phage 0:18:58.240 --> 0:19:01.840 based therapies. Yeah. I did a little research into it 0:19:01.920 --> 0:19:04.320 after she sending her email, and I think we might 0:19:04.359 --> 0:19:06.280 have to cover that. Although we have devoted a little 0:19:06.280 --> 0:19:08.439 bit of time to bacteria recently with the whole quorum 0:19:08.480 --> 0:19:11.399 sensing and the altruistic bacteria. Yeah, we've been hitting the 0:19:11.400 --> 0:19:15.960 bacteria pretty hard. So so yeah, so anyway, thanks thanks 0:19:15.960 --> 0:19:18.600 for letting us know that your your foot is better. 0:19:19.000 --> 0:19:22.240 It's kind of become a u. The third member of 0:19:22.240 --> 0:19:27.000 the podcast, yeahs foot, Josh writes, um, what's up stuff 0:19:27.000 --> 0:19:29.399 from the science Lab. I was just listening to the 0:19:29.440 --> 0:19:32.439 Wow Signal podcast in my car. I'm currently stopped not 0:19:32.520 --> 0:19:35.959 emailing while driving good enough, and it reminded me of 0:19:36.000 --> 0:19:40.680 a SETI phenomenon that a friend of mine caught potentially um. 0:19:40.720 --> 0:19:43.879 It was around and a bunch of my nerdy friends 0:19:43.880 --> 0:19:46.000 and I were enjoying running steady at home on our 0:19:46.000 --> 0:19:48.760 computers as we're all a lot to do, you know, 0:19:48.800 --> 0:19:53.119 and an evening. Uh. Generally, the data packets that you 0:19:53.160 --> 0:19:56.199 would sift through just showed random noise. But for a 0:19:56.200 --> 0:19:58.679 brief period during one day, a friend of mine was 0:19:58.720 --> 0:20:03.120 receiving perfect waves. They were so perfect against the unusual 0:20:03.480 --> 0:20:06.600 randomness that he shot a few emails with screenshots to 0:20:06.680 --> 0:20:09.480 let Setty people know, UH to check check it out. 0:20:09.880 --> 0:20:11.680 A week or so later, he got a cryptic email 0:20:11.720 --> 0:20:16.959 back claiming some unusual interference from something suspicious and was 0:20:17.000 --> 0:20:21.040 told just to disregard it. Perhaps just because this is 0:20:21.080 --> 0:20:23.439 so awesome, this gives me, this is my new favorite 0:20:23.440 --> 0:20:27.720 listener email. Just perhaps just because conspiracies are fun. We've 0:20:27.720 --> 0:20:29.920 always held onto the belief that we just happened to 0:20:29.960 --> 0:20:32.520 see something that they didn't want us to see. They 0:20:32.680 --> 0:20:35.800 in caps all caps. No, I don't think he did 0:20:35.840 --> 0:20:37.800 put it in all caps, but that's how I imagine it. 0:20:38.000 --> 0:20:40.920 Of course, nothing has come of it in the intervening 0:20:40.960 --> 0:20:43.800 eleven years, so who knows. I love your podcast more 0:20:43.840 --> 0:20:45.679