WEBVTT - Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch, Part 1 0:00:01.120 --> 0:00:03.920 Hello, Hello, Hey. I don't know if you heard, but 0:00:04.320 --> 0:00:07.840 my podcast Checking It has been nominated for the a 0:00:07.880 --> 0:00:11.800 CP Image Award in the category of Outstanding Lifestyle and 0:00:11.920 --> 0:00:16.159 Self Help Podcast. I'm grateful for the nomination. I I 0:00:16.200 --> 0:00:18.400 almost didn't even do a podcast because I was just 0:00:18.440 --> 0:00:21.680 wandering there are thousands of podcasts out there and why 0:00:21.800 --> 0:00:25.400 is my voice needed. But the nomination from the a 0:00:25.480 --> 0:00:28.720 CP lets me know that I made the right choice, 0:00:28.760 --> 0:00:30.800 and I encourage you to do Don't worry if there 0:00:30.840 --> 0:00:33.800 are thousands of something else that you want to do. 0:00:34.360 --> 0:00:37.440 No nobody has your sauce, so listen. You can still vote. 0:00:37.479 --> 0:00:39.800 Go to vote dot in double a CP Image Awards 0:00:39.840 --> 0:00:43.160 dot net. You have until February five, um nine pm 0:00:43.200 --> 0:00:46.600 Eastern Standard Time, and please listen to my podcast. We're 0:00:46.640 --> 0:00:48.839 part of the Black Effect Podcast Network on the I 0:00:48.960 --> 0:00:52.200 Heart Radio app or wherever you get your podcast. Thank 0:00:52.240 --> 0:01:03.600 you for checking in. Hello, and welcome to our show. 0:01:03.720 --> 0:01:05.880 I'm Zoe de Chanelle and I'm so excited to be 0:01:05.959 --> 0:01:08.560 joined by my friends and cast Meats Hanta, Simone and 0:01:08.640 --> 0:01:12.360 Lamar and Morris to recap our hit television series New Girl. 0:01:12.640 --> 0:01:15.199 Join us every Monday on the Welcome to our Show 0:01:15.240 --> 0:01:17.800 podcast where we'll share behind the scenes stories of your 0:01:17.800 --> 0:01:20.679 favorite New Girl episodes. Each week we answer all your 0:01:20.680 --> 0:01:23.600 burning questions like is there really a bear in every 0:01:23.600 --> 0:01:26.760 episode of New Girl. Plus, you'll hear hilarious stories like 0:01:26.800 --> 0:01:28.880 this that was one of years things you brought back 0:01:28.920 --> 0:01:37.720 from yea all professional basketball players hoop yeah. Listen to 0:01:37.760 --> 0:01:39.920 the Welcome to Our Show podcast on the I Heart 0:01:40.000 --> 0:01:43.720 Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. 0:01:46.240 --> 0:01:49.240 We've all felt left out, and for people who moved 0:01:49.240 --> 0:01:51.760 to this country, that feeling lasts more than a moment. 0:01:52.520 --> 0:01:55.640 We can change that. Learn how it Belonging begins with 0:01:55.760 --> 0:01:58.400 us dot org. Brought to you by the ad Council. 0:02:00.680 --> 0:02:09.960 Hitler to Sophie, Sophie, Sophie, we did it. I always promised. 0:02:09.960 --> 0:02:12.680 We do it again. That's our That's Everyone's favorite intro 0:02:13.080 --> 0:02:17.840 is when I just a totally shouted Hitler. We're talking 0:02:17.880 --> 0:02:23.480 about Hitler today. This is Behind the Bastards podcast about 0:02:23.480 --> 0:02:25.760 the worst people in all of history. I'm Robert Evans 0:02:26.080 --> 0:02:29.679 and this is actually a special mini series Behind the 0:02:29.720 --> 0:02:33.680 Bastards called Behind the Insurrections. Uh. Last episode we talked 0:02:33.720 --> 0:02:38.079 about Benito Mussolini's March on Rome. This episode, we're talking 0:02:38.120 --> 0:02:41.760 about another fascist insurrection directly inspired by the March on 0:02:41.880 --> 0:02:46.040 Rome and carried out by Bastard's pod side character and 0:02:46.160 --> 0:02:49.799 main character Adolf Hitler. We're talking about the Munich beer 0:02:49.840 --> 0:02:54.240 hall push today. Yeah, lighted a fire, baby lighted on 0:02:54.600 --> 0:02:59.120 awful insurrection. I realized I should probably reference where I 0:02:59.160 --> 0:03:07.640 got that from. It's okay, so Common the actor and 0:03:07.680 --> 0:03:11.000 I call him the actor. I'm finishing. That is an 0:03:11.000 --> 0:03:17.320 interesting since the rapper okay and yes, and one could 0:03:17.440 --> 0:03:21.000 argue of the top ten list of greatest rap albums 0:03:21.040 --> 0:03:23.760 of all time, Common may hold two of those slots, 0:03:24.400 --> 0:03:28.280 one of which is an album called Resurrection. And that's 0:03:28.280 --> 0:03:30.919 where I got that from. Was because he's saying ris 0:03:31.160 --> 0:03:34.920 Rick should so I was just saying insurrection deep cut, 0:03:35.400 --> 0:03:38.320 unnecessary piece of information. But you can pull that out 0:03:38.360 --> 0:03:40.320 next time somebody try to judge you about your pop 0:03:40.320 --> 0:03:44.400 culture stuff. Beautiful, thank you. I'm more excited about the 0:03:44.400 --> 0:03:46.520 fact that he was Common Sense, and then he got 0:03:46.520 --> 0:03:52.280 into Hollywood and decided to drop the Sense, which there 0:03:52.360 --> 0:03:54.640 was a there's a band out here in l A 0:03:54.720 --> 0:03:59.120 like a local band who sued him whose name was 0:03:59.160 --> 0:04:02.320 Common Sense, and they were like almost like a three 0:04:02.320 --> 0:04:07.120 eleven sublime, like white boy reggae band, and they sued 0:04:07.200 --> 0:04:08.880 him for the name. They were like, we were common 0:04:08.880 --> 0:04:11.320 Sense first, and I mean I feel like I feel 0:04:11.320 --> 0:04:14.200 like you can't copyright the word or name common Sense. 0:04:16.360 --> 0:04:19.159 But they won, so he was like all right, whatever 0:04:19.279 --> 0:04:25.280 comment and then became a list celebrity. I was going 0:04:25.320 --> 0:04:27.920 to say, speaking of people who won, we should talk 0:04:27.960 --> 0:04:30.599 about hitler Um at least for a while, but not 0:04:30.720 --> 0:04:34.880 in this particular story, although eventually, at least moment when 0:04:35.640 --> 0:04:41.400 this particular story ends, it's not the end of the story. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. 0:04:41.440 --> 0:04:45.160 This particular story is with Nazi defeat, but the broader 0:04:45.200 --> 0:04:48.640 story of the Nazis is more complicated than that. So 0:04:49.279 --> 0:04:51.520 I think we're gonna start here by talking about the 0:04:51.560 --> 0:04:55.400 city of Munich because generally when people talk Nazis, they 0:04:55.400 --> 0:04:58.480 wind up kind of focusing on Berlin um. But Munich 0:04:58.600 --> 0:05:01.919 is where the National social Is, Germans Workers Party, the 0:05:02.000 --> 0:05:03.920 n s d a P, the Nazis. That's where they 0:05:03.960 --> 0:05:06.680 came from. That's the birthplace of the Nazi movement is Munich. 0:05:07.120 --> 0:05:10.240 And if you look a little bit into Munich's history, 0:05:10.279 --> 0:05:12.760 it makes sense. Um Munich is a city in the 0:05:12.800 --> 0:05:16.400 German state of Bavaria Um and Bavaria is historically the 0:05:16.440 --> 0:05:19.839 most conservative part of Germany. It's kind of like Texas 0:05:20.279 --> 0:05:23.599 uh in that even after German unification in eighteen seventy, 0:05:23.760 --> 0:05:27.440 Bavarians tended to see themselves as different and other from 0:05:27.480 --> 0:05:30.840 like the rest of Germany, right like we're Germans, sure, 0:05:30.920 --> 0:05:33.479 but we're more Bavarian, right, Like it's it's this this 0:05:33.640 --> 0:05:36.159 the attitude that you do kind of see like Texans 0:05:36.240 --> 0:05:37.800 have a bit of this, right like where we're our 0:05:37.839 --> 0:05:41.040 own thing. So that's always big in Bavaria, and there's 0:05:41.040 --> 0:05:43.880 this kind of like traditionalism. They have their own monarchy 0:05:43.960 --> 0:05:46.800 that's separate from the Kaiser, right, like the Kaiser's in 0:05:46.880 --> 0:05:48.960 charge of Bavaria still, but they also have their own 0:05:49.040 --> 0:05:52.360 king Um. And there's a lot of Bavarians who aren't 0:05:52.520 --> 0:05:54.960 super into the idea of being part of Germany, right 0:05:54.960 --> 0:05:58.200 because they they they are more Bavarian than anything. Now. 0:05:58.400 --> 0:06:01.080 Adolf Hitler, who was again an Austrian, so he's not 0:06:01.279 --> 0:06:04.400 really a German by the consideration of a lot of Germans. 0:06:04.680 --> 0:06:08.320 He moves to Munich in nineteen thirteen, mainly because he 0:06:08.360 --> 0:06:11.320 was getting drafted to go join the Austrian army. And 0:06:11.360 --> 0:06:13.440 he didn't want to join the Austrian army. So he's 0:06:13.440 --> 0:06:15.680 a draft dodger and he moves to Munich to avoid 0:06:15.839 --> 0:06:19.239 serving his time in the military. UM. And just based 0:06:19.240 --> 0:06:21.080 on what happens lest this is less because Hitler was 0:06:21.240 --> 0:06:23.159 Hitler was not scared of being in the military. He 0:06:23.200 --> 0:06:25.960 didn't like Austria. He thought it was like racially polluted 0:06:26.480 --> 0:06:28.920 um and so he moved to Munich because it was 0:06:28.960 --> 0:06:32.640 more in line with his right wing sensibilities. UM. So 0:06:32.680 --> 0:06:34.799 he rented a cheap room and he made a poverty 0:06:34.880 --> 0:06:38.400 level income in Munich painting pictures of like famous buildings 0:06:38.400 --> 0:06:41.560 in town because the beautiful city and selling them to tourists. 0:06:41.680 --> 0:06:44.479 And this was like a whole industry, and Munich a 0:06:44.480 --> 0:06:47.520 bunch of of little artists would paint pictures of local 0:06:47.560 --> 0:06:50.680 buildings and sell them as like keepsakes to tourists. Hitler 0:06:50.760 --> 0:06:53.039 was kind of unique among these artists because while most 0:06:53.040 --> 0:06:55.200 of them would actually go out to where those buildings 0:06:55.200 --> 0:06:57.680 were with like an easel and paint the buildings and 0:06:57.720 --> 0:07:01.240 then sell their pictures and stuff, Hitler would cheap postcards 0:07:01.240 --> 0:07:03.920 of those buildings and paint alone in his room where 0:07:03.920 --> 0:07:06.760 he spent most of his time reading fringe political tracts 0:07:06.800 --> 0:07:12.760 and one presumes masturbating furiously. We have to Yeah, just unbelievable. 0:07:13.040 --> 0:07:18.560 Yeah he was, I mean, he was a pretty right 0:07:18.560 --> 0:07:20.800 wing guy. But yeah, he's he's pounding it in his 0:07:20.880 --> 0:07:24.520 little office um and painting from postcards. Um. And he's 0:07:24.560 --> 0:07:27.600 not a very good artist, which is one of the 0:07:27.680 --> 0:07:31.720 key little because he lived in like a tiny little 0:07:32.520 --> 0:07:34.720 real he was renting from a lady. He was he 0:07:34.800 --> 0:07:38.920 was very little. Yeah, when Hitler, I thought we were 0:07:38.960 --> 0:07:41.320 just putting him down for no reason. But no, no, 0:07:42.400 --> 0:07:45.600 he was extremely poor. So when Hitler moved to Munich, 0:07:45.640 --> 0:07:48.680 he had just finished being like a homeless person in 0:07:48.680 --> 0:07:51.040 in Vienna, Like he lived in like a men's home 0:07:51.120 --> 0:07:54.160 and stuff for like people who couldn't afford um to 0:07:54.240 --> 0:07:56.240 stay off the street and whatnot. So he had just 0:07:56.280 --> 0:08:00.200 gotten out of like a really dire financial situation. Um. 0:08:00.400 --> 0:08:01.880 And actually part of why he was in a dire 0:08:01.920 --> 0:08:04.480 financial situation is he inherited money from his mom, but 0:08:04.560 --> 0:08:06.600 then his sister needed it for her kids, and so 0:08:06.680 --> 0:08:09.480 he gave up his inheritance to her. Um. Which you know, 0:08:09.880 --> 0:08:12.800 kind of his evidence that like everyone who turns out terrible. 0:08:12.800 --> 0:08:14.600 There was a period of time in which Hitler might 0:08:14.640 --> 0:08:18.080 not have wound up being Hitler. UM. So anyway, important 0:08:18.080 --> 0:08:20.600 to keep in mind. So Hitler's living in Munich, He's 0:08:20.600 --> 0:08:24.000 painting shitty paintings, tugging it all the time, um, and 0:08:24.120 --> 0:08:27.280 reading a bunch of like reactionary right wing zines, like 0:08:27.400 --> 0:08:30.840 poorly mimiographed newsletters about the dangers of the Jews. That's 0:08:30.840 --> 0:08:33.000 like a huge thing Hitler's doing in this period. Some 0:08:33.040 --> 0:08:35.600 things never changed, man. Yeah, Yeah, it's like it's like 0:08:35.679 --> 0:08:38.640 he's like hanging out on the day's equivalent of eight chan, 0:08:38.840 --> 0:08:41.079 which is like these tracts that are being passed out 0:08:41.120 --> 0:08:43.880 of the street. So when World War One kicks off, 0:08:44.480 --> 0:08:47.080 and you know, in this period, right, the Archduke's assassinated, 0:08:47.120 --> 0:08:49.040 as we talked about last time, but in the run 0:08:49.160 --> 0:08:51.599 up to World of One, Benito Mussolini's furiously trying to 0:08:51.640 --> 0:08:55.360 get his country Italy involved in the war. Um. Germany 0:08:55.400 --> 0:08:58.840 goes to war with the World UM, and Hitler immediately 0:08:58.920 --> 0:09:02.120 joins up and becomes an infantry man. Uh. And he's 0:09:02.160 --> 0:09:05.360 almost immediately thrown into one of the most horrifying battles 0:09:05.360 --> 0:09:07.560 in not just like the whole war. But like ever, 0:09:07.679 --> 0:09:10.920 it's known colloquially as the Slaughter of the Innocence because 0:09:10.920 --> 0:09:14.080 the Germans sent tens of thousands of basically children to 0:09:14.240 --> 0:09:18.640 die to like Allied machine guns. A horrible battle um. 0:09:18.679 --> 0:09:21.240 Now at the same time as Hitler's watching his friends 0:09:21.240 --> 0:09:24.200 get mowed down in the trenches, Herman Gerring, who would 0:09:24.200 --> 0:09:26.920 become his future second in command, is becoming one of 0:09:26.920 --> 0:09:29.640 the first fighter pilots in history. Gering flew with Manfred 0:09:29.760 --> 0:09:33.559 ron Ricktoven the Red Baron's Flying Circus. He took command 0:09:33.559 --> 0:09:36.640 of the squadron after Ricktoven got killed in nineteen eighteen, 0:09:37.000 --> 0:09:39.160 and he got something. He shot down like twenty nine planes. 0:09:39.280 --> 0:09:41.520 He's an extremely good fighter pilot, and it's like a 0:09:41.600 --> 0:09:45.560 dad becomes like a dashing national hero. Now another big 0:09:45.640 --> 0:09:48.560 Nazi you might know. Heinrich Himler was too young to 0:09:48.559 --> 0:09:50.840 serve during World War One. He came from that awkward 0:09:50.880 --> 0:09:52.920 generation where you were too young to fight in the 0:09:52.920 --> 0:09:55.120 First World War, and he would have been too old 0:09:55.160 --> 0:09:57.600 to fight in the second, and so his entire youth 0:09:57.640 --> 0:10:00.480 was spent like idolizing these soldiers going off to die 0:10:00.640 --> 0:10:04.120 in France who he was unable to join. Now, another 0:10:04.160 --> 0:10:07.480 fellow who went to war in nineteen fourteen was Ernst Pohner. 0:10:08.000 --> 0:10:10.160 Now Powner was a middle aged I know, it's a 0:10:10.240 --> 0:10:14.360 rough name. You gotta give the guy some credit for it, 0:10:14.480 --> 0:10:17.600 a real cross to bear. So Powner grew up or 0:10:17.679 --> 0:10:21.079 Powner was like a middle aged, conservative educated Bavarian, pretty 0:10:21.160 --> 0:10:23.360 right wing guy when the war starts and he was 0:10:23.400 --> 0:10:27.040 commissioned as an infantry officer and eventually rose to regimental command. Now, 0:10:27.080 --> 0:10:30.000 despite being a Bavarian to his soul and thus being 0:10:30.080 --> 0:10:33.120 kind of like separate from the rest of Germans, fighting 0:10:33.160 --> 0:10:35.440 in the war gives him this sense of like unity 0:10:35.480 --> 0:10:37.640 with the rest of Germany, and he starts to feel 0:10:37.679 --> 0:10:40.520 like a member of this, like this unified nation for 0:10:40.559 --> 0:10:42.680 the first time in his life. And in fact, all 0:10:42.720 --> 0:10:45.280 of Bavaria was brought closer in step to the rest 0:10:45.280 --> 0:10:48.080 of Germany. As a result of the war. The region 0:10:48.120 --> 0:10:51.440 industrialized rapidly to provide armaments, and as the German state 0:10:51.440 --> 0:10:54.880 devoted itself increasingly to becoming an engine of arms production, um, 0:10:54.960 --> 0:10:58.080 Bavaria becomes like a big part of that, particularly Nuremberg 0:10:58.520 --> 0:11:00.520 or not. I think, uh yeah, I think it might 0:11:00.559 --> 0:11:02.160 have been. It was. It was Narremberg. I'm not great 0:11:02.160 --> 0:11:04.600 on all the other German city, but like Bavarious starts 0:11:04.640 --> 0:11:09.240 industrializing heavily, and their military was like just the best 0:11:09.280 --> 0:11:12.600 in the world, incredibly good. Yeah yeah, Like like Germany 0:11:12.760 --> 0:11:16.320 actively amazing, goes up against the entire rest of the 0:11:16.360 --> 0:11:19.040 world in World War One and comes pretty close to winning. 0:11:19.160 --> 0:11:22.040 They yeah, they like. It's not like World War Two 0:11:22.080 --> 0:11:25.120 where after a while like they're almost they almost pulled 0:11:25.120 --> 0:11:29.600 it off almost yeah yeah. Um So the Kaiser's propaganda 0:11:29.640 --> 0:11:31.960 had forbidden so like and that that's actually part of 0:11:32.000 --> 0:11:34.000 the problem is that right up until the end of 0:11:34.040 --> 0:11:36.679 the war, Germany could win it. It's not again, not 0:11:36.720 --> 0:11:39.040 like World War Two. We're after nineteen forty three, everyone 0:11:39.080 --> 0:11:41.800 can see the writing on the wall. Up until like 0:11:42.040 --> 0:11:45.880 late nineteen eighteen, Germany could pull that ship off. Um 0:11:46.120 --> 0:11:48.920 And this is sort of compounded in the minds of 0:11:48.960 --> 0:11:51.840 German people who see their soldiers winning by the Kaisers 0:11:51.880 --> 0:11:55.360 propaganda because the Kaiser had forbidden journalists from reporting on 0:11:55.400 --> 0:11:58.920 the dire situation in the West. Um so number one, 0:11:59.120 --> 0:12:01.200 Germany is in a pretty good position most of the war. 0:12:01.480 --> 0:12:04.040 They notck Romania and Russia out of the fight, so 0:12:04.080 --> 0:12:07.040 they beat like two powers, including Russia, which is like 0:12:07.040 --> 0:12:10.240 a fifth of the world's land masks which they heard 0:12:10.280 --> 0:12:14.160 of at the time. They conquer Ukraine, um like, get 0:12:14.160 --> 0:12:17.080 it in a treaty basically, and they spend most of 0:12:17.120 --> 0:12:20.880 the war within spitting distance of Paris. So on a map, 0:12:20.960 --> 0:12:23.560 Germans spend most of that war thinking like we're winning. 0:12:23.559 --> 0:12:25.679 This is tough, We're losing a lot of men, but like, 0:12:25.760 --> 0:12:29.600 we're gonna win this thing now. The situation on the 0:12:29.640 --> 0:12:32.680 map belied some crucial realities, including the fact that as 0:12:32.720 --> 0:12:36.440 the war went on, Germany was completely hollowed out of soldiers, 0:12:36.679 --> 0:12:39.960 of supplies, and of food. Three quarters of a million 0:12:40.000 --> 0:12:42.560 German civilians starved to death as a result of the 0:12:42.600 --> 0:12:46.800 Allied blockade. UM. By the time Germany surrenders in the 0:12:46.800 --> 0:12:49.880 winter of nineteen eighteen, it's army is on the very 0:12:49.920 --> 0:12:52.679 brink of collapse. The generals who are in charge at 0:12:52.679 --> 0:12:54.760 the end a guy named Eric Lundor for you might 0:12:54.760 --> 0:12:57.600 remember from the Wonder Woman movie. Yes he's the bad 0:12:57.640 --> 0:13:02.160 guy and Wonder Woman, but was a real dude. Um 0:13:02.200 --> 0:13:05.080 and Paul von Hindenberg, who was his his co general. 0:13:05.920 --> 0:13:08.800 We're not the ones to accept failure gracefully. Right, like 0:13:08.960 --> 0:13:10.880 both of them had some victories to their name, both 0:13:10.880 --> 0:13:13.280 of them made some major strategic errors at the end 0:13:13.320 --> 0:13:16.360 that we're a big factor in German defeat um. But 0:13:16.440 --> 0:13:18.959 when the Germans lose, they don't stay on deck to 0:13:19.040 --> 0:13:21.440 be like, hey, guys, we tried our best, we fought 0:13:21.480 --> 0:13:23.080 as hard as anyone could fight, and we got our 0:13:23.200 --> 0:13:27.040 We we just lost. They fucking bounce like as soon 0:13:27.080 --> 0:13:29.960 as it becomes clear they're going to surrender, they're fucking 0:13:30.000 --> 0:13:35.400 out of there. Yeah, yeah, so back yeah, and they 0:13:35.840 --> 0:13:39.360 hand over responsibility for negotiating Germany's surrender because the Kaiser 0:13:39.400 --> 0:13:42.000 also bounces like that motherfucker's off the Belgium on a 0:13:42.080 --> 0:13:46.199 trade um. So all of the people who had gotten 0:13:46.240 --> 0:13:48.760 Germany into war and had like pushed the war the 0:13:48.760 --> 0:13:52.560 whole time leave and put the responsibility for negotiating the 0:13:52.600 --> 0:13:57.320 surrender on the social democrat dominated Reichstag. So Germany overnight 0:13:57.440 --> 0:14:00.760 is a social democracy. And also the liberals who had 0:14:00.800 --> 0:14:03.120 been most a lot of them anti war up to 0:14:03.160 --> 0:14:08.200 that point, now have to deal with negotiating germany surrender. Meanwhile, 0:14:08.240 --> 0:14:11.040 the guys who were responsible for losing the war start 0:14:11.080 --> 0:14:14.280 concocting a narrative that the left had stabbed the German 0:14:14.400 --> 0:14:17.360 army in the back um and that's why they lost. 0:14:17.400 --> 0:14:20.160 And when I say the left, I also mean the Jews, 0:14:20.160 --> 0:14:22.560 because that's what they mean, right, like they're not yeah, 0:14:22.600 --> 0:14:24.520 the left. And it's the same thing people talk about 0:14:24.560 --> 0:14:28.720 cultural Marxism today, right. The turn back then was Judeo Bolshevism. 0:14:28.760 --> 0:14:31.840 But it's the same idea, right. So the first days 0:14:31.880 --> 0:14:34.680 and weeks after Germany's defeat, there were just a bunch 0:14:34.720 --> 0:14:37.440 of revolutions all throughout these different cities in Germany, and 0:14:37.440 --> 0:14:39.600 a lot of them were left wing. But Verry was 0:14:39.640 --> 0:14:41.880 not spared in this wave of unrest. As you said, 0:14:41.880 --> 0:14:44.440 there was a strong While Bavaria is very conservative, in 0:14:44.520 --> 0:14:47.920 Munich in particular, there's a very vibrant left wing and 0:14:48.120 --> 0:14:51.560 several days before Germany signs the armistice on November eleven, 0:14:51.840 --> 0:14:54.840 November seven, this huge crowd as symbols in Munich and 0:14:54.880 --> 0:14:58.120 they forced the Bavarian king to leave his throne. Now, 0:14:58.240 --> 0:15:01.640 the guy who orchestrated this was a dude named Kurt Eisner, 0:15:01.720 --> 0:15:04.480 and he's the head of the Bavarian Social Democratic Party 0:15:04.800 --> 0:15:06.520 and his goal was to you know what he did. 0:15:06.560 --> 0:15:08.520 He wanted to kick out the king and establish a 0:15:08.560 --> 0:15:12.600 Bavarian republic. Now, that worked for a little while. The 0:15:12.680 --> 0:15:16.280 unfortunately Eisner the coalition that Eisener used to kind of 0:15:16.360 --> 0:15:19.160 kick the king out and establish a republic was only 0:15:19.280 --> 0:15:21.720 united in their desire to bring it into the war 0:15:21.840 --> 0:15:23.960 and get rid of the king. And once that war 0:15:24.120 --> 0:15:26.200 ended and the king was gone, they didn't agree on 0:15:26.240 --> 0:15:28.400 anything else because it was a coalition of like the 0:15:28.440 --> 0:15:30.760 far left, but also a lot of like center left 0:15:30.800 --> 0:15:33.200 people and even centrists were just like, this World War 0:15:33.240 --> 0:15:35.360 one thing doesn't seem to be working out for anybody, 0:15:36.080 --> 0:15:38.640 all of us. Sucks for all of us. And when 0:15:38.680 --> 0:15:41.200 that ends, a lot of these centrists are like, well, 0:15:41.520 --> 0:15:43.880 we don't really agree with the left on anything else, 0:15:44.280 --> 0:15:47.760 you know, And there's this huge desire to We've got 0:15:47.800 --> 0:15:49.720 the king out, the war has gone. Let's go back 0:15:49.760 --> 0:15:52.520 to business as usual. Let's go back to the way 0:15:52.560 --> 0:15:58.160 things were before the war. I think people Americans can understand. People. Yeah, 0:15:58.240 --> 0:16:00.120 I just want to go back to branch man. I 0:16:00.120 --> 0:16:01.760 want to go back to brunch. And a lot of 0:16:01.800 --> 0:16:04.160 these centrists wanted to go back to the center right 0:16:04.200 --> 0:16:07.000 and the center left, arguing because both the extreme right 0:16:07.040 --> 0:16:09.160 and the extreme left had been empowered by the war 0:16:09.240 --> 0:16:11.760 and the economic collapse that came with it, and these 0:16:11.880 --> 0:16:14.760 these folks in the middle were scared by that. So 0:16:14.840 --> 0:16:19.160 this is before like pruised and like the new like 0:16:19.840 --> 0:16:23.040 the new Democrats or the new like constitution. They right, 0:16:23.120 --> 0:16:26.440 like this, this is right, this is before the Weimar Constitution. 0:16:26.920 --> 0:16:32.880 Istion Eisner over. Eisner leads his sort of revolution like 0:16:33.000 --> 0:16:36.920 five days before Germany surrenders. Um, so this is contemporary, 0:16:36.960 --> 0:16:40.240 Like the Weimar Constitution starts being written during the period 0:16:40.240 --> 0:16:42.880 where a lot of this is happening. But this starts before. 0:16:43.000 --> 0:16:47.120 This starts while the Kaiser is still on the throat. Right, Um, 0:16:47.160 --> 0:16:49.080 I'm fairly sure while the Kaiser is still on the throat. 0:16:49.120 --> 0:16:53.000 It starts before the official German surrender. So things, you know, 0:16:53.080 --> 0:16:56.240 the center right or the center left decides like, we 0:16:56.240 --> 0:16:59.400 don't really want to work with Eisener. Eisner's support dissolves 0:16:59.440 --> 0:17:01.680 and he kind of winds up unable to govern because 0:17:01.680 --> 0:17:05.000 he doesn't really have a lot of people backing him. Um, 0:17:05.040 --> 0:17:09.679 there's new elections, uh in January of nineteen nineteen, and 0:17:09.760 --> 0:17:13.480 this kind of center left dominates as opposed to Eisner's 0:17:13.520 --> 0:17:17.560 far left. So On the morning of February one, nineteen nineteen, 0:17:17.760 --> 0:17:20.920 Kurt Eisner starts walking to the lawn Tag, the land Tag, 0:17:20.960 --> 0:17:22.880 which is like they're, you know, kind of their Congress 0:17:22.880 --> 0:17:25.280 sort of thing, to resign his position as head of 0:17:25.280 --> 0:17:28.600 the local government. Now, while he's on his way, this 0:17:28.880 --> 0:17:33.240 German noble count Anton Arco Valley, which is a fucking badass. 0:17:33.280 --> 0:17:39.760 Now Arco Valley, it's like he's like a Spiderman victim right, Billy, Yeah, Um, 0:17:39.760 --> 0:17:42.280 he's a He's a rich Bavarian nobleman. So Arco Valley 0:17:42.359 --> 0:17:46.280 like comes up and shoots him dead. Eisner. Um so 0:17:46.520 --> 0:17:49.119 because he's, you know, Arco Valley is a monarchist and 0:17:49.160 --> 0:17:51.000 a and a far right kind of guy, and he 0:17:51.320 --> 0:17:53.080 wants to murder this left wing dude, even though the 0:17:53.080 --> 0:17:56.320 guy is about to leave power willingly. So one of 0:17:56.359 --> 0:17:59.440 Eisner's Eisner does have some very loyal followers, and one 0:17:59.480 --> 0:18:03.040 of them responds to Eisner being killed by gunning down 0:18:03.040 --> 0:18:07.239 another politician. And for reasons unknown to history, this like 0:18:07.400 --> 0:18:10.919 leftist supporter of Eisner, instead of going after one of 0:18:11.000 --> 0:18:14.080 arco Valleys allies, picks a moderate liberal um, a guy 0:18:14.160 --> 0:18:18.600 named Ernard our Um, and shoots him. Now Our survives 0:18:18.600 --> 0:18:19.920 an hour at the time is kind of the head 0:18:19.920 --> 0:18:22.520 of the Social Democrats and Munich, so he's like he's 0:18:22.560 --> 0:18:24.600 like kind of the Joe Biden right, Like he's like 0:18:24.640 --> 0:18:29.359 a moderate liberal. Um. Yeah uh, and this leftist shoots 0:18:29.400 --> 0:18:31.520 him instead of one of Arco Valleys allies for a 0:18:31.520 --> 0:18:35.520 good reasons that aren't really well known. Um, but our survived. 0:18:35.720 --> 0:18:39.200 What are theories? You know? I I haven't really heard 0:18:39.240 --> 0:18:41.760 a good one. It might just be that, as a rule, 0:18:41.800 --> 0:18:43.800 a lot of folks on the far left will always 0:18:43.800 --> 0:18:47.520 hate liberals more than they hate the right. Um, it 0:18:47.600 --> 0:18:49.800 might have been. It's like it was just like personal 0:18:49.880 --> 0:18:51.879 It's like that fool hit on my girl. Yeah, I've 0:18:51.920 --> 0:18:57.199 been personally he might have been. Man, I took my chance. 0:18:57.640 --> 0:18:59.639 He might have just fucked up right, like guns just 0:18:59.760 --> 0:19:02.320 hit the rate back then, you know, Like you know, 0:19:02.440 --> 0:19:05.840 I don't really know. Um ours survived though he doesn't 0:19:05.840 --> 0:19:07.960 get killed, but his injuries keep him out of politics 0:19:08.000 --> 0:19:09.800 for two years. And while Our was like kind of 0:19:09.800 --> 0:19:13.040 a centrist, he was an effective leader of the Social 0:19:13.080 --> 0:19:16.280 Democratic Party. He was good at getting people in line. Um. 0:19:16.320 --> 0:19:18.159 And the fact that he's out of the picture for 0:19:18.200 --> 0:19:20.639 a couple of years means that his party is effectively 0:19:20.720 --> 0:19:23.920 rudderless right at the same time that the far left 0:19:23.960 --> 0:19:27.880 is energized by Eisner's martyrdom. Now, our successor, a guy 0:19:27.960 --> 0:19:32.000 named Johann Hoffman, was weak and not very competent um. 0:19:32.080 --> 0:19:35.040 So you've got this position where the dominant center left 0:19:35.080 --> 0:19:38.719 party loses its effective leader at the same time as 0:19:38.720 --> 0:19:41.920 the radical left gets energized by the assassination of like 0:19:42.080 --> 0:19:44.520 one of their big dudes. And I'm gonna I'm gonna 0:19:44.560 --> 0:19:48.200 read a quote now from a graduate dissertation by James 0:19:48.280 --> 0:19:51.359 McGee titled the Political Police in Bavaria nineteen nineteen to 0:19:51.440 --> 0:19:55.520 nineteen thirty six to explain what happens next. The assassination 0:19:55.560 --> 0:19:58.560 of Eisner had worked as a solvent upon political consensus 0:19:58.640 --> 0:20:01.440 such as it was in Bavaria. The Hoffman government found 0:20:01.440 --> 0:20:04.080 itself caught between the advance of radicalism on both the 0:20:04.160 --> 0:20:06.320 right and the left the first round, and the struggle 0:20:06.320 --> 0:20:08.840 went to the radical left. No longer able to maintain 0:20:08.840 --> 0:20:11.960 itself in Munich, the Hoffman government decamped on April seven, 0:20:12.000 --> 0:20:15.040 eventually coming to rest in the northern Bavarian city of Bomberg. 0:20:15.400 --> 0:20:18.679 Authority in Munich was assumed successively by two councils, the 0:20:18.720 --> 0:20:21.760 first led by an ill assorted collection of independent socialists 0:20:21.800 --> 0:20:26.400 and anarchists, and the second by the communists. So two 0:20:26.400 --> 0:20:29.600 different successive kind of far left governments take over through 0:20:29.640 --> 0:20:32.880 like a revolution basically, but neither of them are very 0:20:32.920 --> 0:20:34.919 good at it right. Neither of them really have Like 0:20:35.000 --> 0:20:38.439 the anarchists are way more focused on creating public art 0:20:38.520 --> 0:20:41.520 and stuff um, and don't really have a great uh 0:20:41.720 --> 0:20:43.800 cohesive set of plan to deal with the needs of 0:20:43.840 --> 0:20:46.520 a lot of like uh Moonstion ears. I think it 0:20:46.600 --> 0:20:49.320 is like people of the people of Munich, um. Whereas 0:20:49.359 --> 0:20:51.920 the communists are kind of they're not really that good 0:20:52.119 --> 0:20:54.600 at building support outside of the people who are already 0:20:54.640 --> 0:20:57.479 involved in their movement. Uh. There there spent a lot 0:20:57.480 --> 0:21:00.680 of time going after their political enemies uh and again 0:21:00.720 --> 0:21:04.119 aren't very good at consolidating power. Meanwhile, outside the city, 0:21:04.160 --> 0:21:08.680 conservative forces start regrouping and preparing to invade Munich because 0:21:08.680 --> 0:21:10.719 there's been a left wing revolution. What is the right 0:21:10.720 --> 0:21:13.240 going to do? They're gonna murder everyone they can. So 0:21:13.359 --> 0:21:15.600 the core of this right wing movement where the Free 0:21:15.640 --> 0:21:18.880 Corps um, and that's an organization of right wing veterans 0:21:18.880 --> 0:21:21.119 that you could see is broadly similar to groups like 0:21:21.160 --> 0:21:23.879 the Oath Keepers or the Three Percenters today. Now, the 0:21:23.920 --> 0:21:25.919 main difference between these two is the oath Keepers and 0:21:25.920 --> 0:21:29.200