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Speaker 1: Hitler to Sophie, Sophie, Sophie, we did it. I always promised.
Speaker 1: We do it again. That's our That's Everyone's favorite intro
Speaker 1: is when I just a totally shouted Hitler. We're talking
Speaker 1: about Hitler today. This is Behind the Bastards podcast about
Speaker 1: the worst people in all of history. I'm Robert Evans
Speaker 1: and this is actually a special mini series Behind the
Speaker 1: Bastards called Behind the Insurrections. Uh. Last episode we talked
Speaker 1: about Benito Mussolini's March on Rome. This episode, we're talking
Speaker 1: about another fascist insurrection directly inspired by the March on
Speaker 1: Rome and carried out by Bastard's pod side character and
Speaker 1: main character Adolf Hitler. We're talking about the Munich beer
Speaker 1: hall push today. Yeah, lighted a fire, baby lighted on
Speaker 1: awful insurrection. I realized I should probably reference where I
Speaker 1: got that from. It's okay, so Common the actor and
Speaker 1: I call him the actor. I'm finishing. That is an
Speaker 1: interesting since the rapper okay and yes, and one could
Speaker 1: argue of the top ten list of greatest rap albums
Speaker 1: of all time, Common may hold two of those slots,
Speaker 1: one of which is an album called Resurrection. And that's
Speaker 1: where I got that from. Was because he's saying ris
Speaker 1: Rick should so I was just saying insurrection deep cut,
Speaker 1: unnecessary piece of information. But you can pull that out
Speaker 1: next time somebody try to judge you about your pop
Speaker 1: culture stuff. Beautiful, thank you. I'm more excited about the
Speaker 1: fact that he was Common Sense, and then he got
Speaker 1: into Hollywood and decided to drop the Sense, which there
Speaker 1: was a there's a band out here in l A
Speaker 1: like a local band who sued him whose name was
Speaker 1: Common Sense, and they were like almost like a three
Speaker 1: eleven sublime, like white boy reggae band, and they sued
Speaker 1: him for the name. They were like, we were common
Speaker 1: Sense first, and I mean I feel like I feel
Speaker 1: like you can't copyright the word or name common Sense.
Speaker 1: But they won, so he was like all right, whatever
Speaker 1: comment and then became a list celebrity. I was going
Speaker 1: to say, speaking of people who won, we should talk
Speaker 1: about hitler Um at least for a while, but not
Speaker 1: in this particular story, although eventually, at least moment when
Speaker 1: this particular story ends, it's not the end of the story. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.
Speaker 1: This particular story is with Nazi defeat, but the broader
Speaker 1: story of the Nazis is more complicated than that. So
Speaker 1: I think we're gonna start here by talking about the
Speaker 1: city of Munich because generally when people talk Nazis, they
Speaker 1: wind up kind of focusing on Berlin um. But Munich
Speaker 1: is where the National social Is, Germans Workers Party, the
Speaker 1: n s d a P, the Nazis. That's where they
Speaker 1: came from. That's the birthplace of the Nazi movement is Munich.
Speaker 1: And if you look a little bit into Munich's history,
Speaker 1: it makes sense. Um Munich is a city in the
Speaker 1: German state of Bavaria Um and Bavaria is historically the
Speaker 1: most conservative part of Germany. It's kind of like Texas
Speaker 1: uh in that even after German unification in eighteen seventy,
Speaker 1: Bavarians tended to see themselves as different and other from
Speaker 1: like the rest of Germany, right like we're Germans, sure,
Speaker 1: but we're more Bavarian, right, Like it's it's this this
Speaker 1: the attitude that you do kind of see like Texans
Speaker 1: have a bit of this, right like where we're our
Speaker 1: own thing. So that's always big in Bavaria, and there's
Speaker 1: this kind of like traditionalism. They have their own monarchy
Speaker 1: that's separate from the Kaiser, right, like the Kaiser's in
Speaker 1: charge of Bavaria still, but they also have their own
Speaker 1: king Um. And there's a lot of Bavarians who aren't
Speaker 1: super into the idea of being part of Germany, right
Speaker 1: because they they they are more Bavarian than anything. Now.
Speaker 1: Adolf Hitler, who was again an Austrian, so he's not
Speaker 1: really a German by the consideration of a lot of Germans.
Speaker 1: He moves to Munich in nineteen thirteen, mainly because he
Speaker 1: was getting drafted to go join the Austrian army. And
Speaker 1: he didn't want to join the Austrian army. So he's
Speaker 1: a draft dodger and he moves to Munich to avoid
Speaker 1: serving his time in the military. UM. And just based
Speaker 1: on what happens lest this is less because Hitler was
Speaker 1: Hitler was not scared of being in the military. He
Speaker 1: didn't like Austria. He thought it was like racially polluted
Speaker 1: um and so he moved to Munich because it was
Speaker 1: more in line with his right wing sensibilities. UM. So
Speaker 1: he rented a cheap room and he made a poverty
Speaker 1: level income in Munich painting pictures of like famous buildings
Speaker 1: in town because the beautiful city and selling them to tourists.
Speaker 1: And this was like a whole industry, and Munich a
Speaker 1: bunch of of little artists would paint pictures of local
Speaker 1: buildings and sell them as like keepsakes to tourists. Hitler
Speaker 1: was kind of unique among these artists because while most
Speaker 1: of them would actually go out to where those buildings
Speaker 1: were with like an easel and paint the buildings and
Speaker 1: then sell their pictures and stuff, Hitler would cheap postcards
Speaker 1: of those buildings and paint alone in his room where
Speaker 1: he spent most of his time reading fringe political tracts
Speaker 1: and one presumes masturbating furiously. We have to Yeah, just unbelievable.
Speaker 1: Yeah he was, I mean, he was a pretty right
Speaker 1: wing guy. But yeah, he's he's pounding it in his
Speaker 1: little office um and painting from postcards. Um. And he's
Speaker 1: not a very good artist, which is one of the
Speaker 1: key little because he lived in like a tiny little
Speaker 1: real he was renting from a lady. He was he
Speaker 1: was very little. Yeah, when Hitler, I thought we were
Speaker 1: just putting him down for no reason. But no, no,
Speaker 1: he was extremely poor. So when Hitler moved to Munich,
Speaker 1: he had just finished being like a homeless person in
Speaker 1: in Vienna, Like he lived in like a men's home
Speaker 1: and stuff for like people who couldn't afford um to
Speaker 1: stay off the street and whatnot. So he had just
Speaker 1: gotten out of like a really dire financial situation. Um.
Speaker 1: And actually part of why he was in a dire
Speaker 1: financial situation is he inherited money from his mom, but
Speaker 1: then his sister needed it for her kids, and so
Speaker 1: he gave up his inheritance to her. Um. Which you know,
Speaker 1: kind of his evidence that like everyone who turns out terrible.
Speaker 1: There was a period of time in which Hitler might
Speaker 1: not have wound up being Hitler. UM. So anyway, important
Speaker 1: to keep in mind. So Hitler's living in Munich, He's
Speaker 1: painting shitty paintings, tugging it all the time, um, and
Speaker 1: reading a bunch of like reactionary right wing zines, like
Speaker 1: poorly mimiographed newsletters about the dangers of the Jews. That's
Speaker 1: like a huge thing Hitler's doing in this period. Some
Speaker 1: things never changed, man. Yeah, Yeah, it's like it's like
Speaker 1: he's like hanging out on the day's equivalent of eight chan,
Speaker 1: which is like these tracts that are being passed out
Speaker 1: of the street. So when World War One kicks off,
Speaker 1: and you know, in this period, right, the Archduke's assassinated,
Speaker 1: as we talked about last time, but in the run
Speaker 1: up to World of One, Benito Mussolini's furiously trying to
Speaker 1: get his country Italy involved in the war. Um. Germany
Speaker 1: goes to war with the World UM, and Hitler immediately
Speaker 1: joins up and becomes an infantry man. Uh. And he's
Speaker 1: almost immediately thrown into one of the most horrifying battles
Speaker 1: in not just like the whole war. But like ever,
Speaker 1: it's known colloquially as the Slaughter of the Innocence because
Speaker 1: the Germans sent tens of thousands of basically children to
Speaker 1: die to like Allied machine guns. A horrible battle um.
Speaker 1: Now at the same time as Hitler's watching his friends
Speaker 1: get mowed down in the trenches, Herman Gerring, who would
Speaker 1: become his future second in command, is becoming one of
Speaker 1: the first fighter pilots in history. Gering flew with Manfred
Speaker 1: ron Ricktoven the Red Baron's Flying Circus. He took command
Speaker 1: of the squadron after Ricktoven got killed in nineteen eighteen,
Speaker 1: and he got something. He shot down like twenty nine planes.
Speaker 1: He's an extremely good fighter pilot, and it's like a
Speaker 1: dad becomes like a dashing national hero. Now another big
Speaker 1: Nazi you might know. Heinrich Himler was too young to
Speaker 1: serve during World War One. He came from that awkward
Speaker 1: generation where you were too young to fight in the
Speaker 1: First World War, and he would have been too old
Speaker 1: to fight in the second, and so his entire youth
Speaker 1: was spent like idolizing these soldiers going off to die
Speaker 1: in France who he was unable to join. Now, another
Speaker 1: fellow who went to war in nineteen fourteen was Ernst Pohner.
Speaker 1: Now Powner was a middle aged I know, it's a
Speaker 1: rough name. You gotta give the guy some credit for it,
Speaker 1: a real cross to bear. So Powner grew up or
Speaker 1: Powner was like a middle aged, conservative educated Bavarian, pretty
Speaker 1: right wing guy when the war starts and he was
Speaker 1: commissioned as an infantry officer and eventually rose to regimental command. Now,
Speaker 1: despite being a Bavarian to his soul and thus being
Speaker 1: kind of like separate from the rest of Germans, fighting
Speaker 1: in the war gives him this sense of like unity
Speaker 1: with the rest of Germany, and he starts to feel
Speaker 1: like a member of this, like this unified nation for
Speaker 1: the first time in his life. And in fact, all
Speaker 1: of Bavaria was brought closer in step to the rest
Speaker 1: of Germany. As a result of the war. The region
Speaker 1: industrialized rapidly to provide armaments, and as the German state
Speaker 1: devoted itself increasingly to becoming an engine of arms production, um,
Speaker 1: Bavaria becomes like a big part of that, particularly Nuremberg
Speaker 1: or not. I think, uh yeah, I think it might
Speaker 1: have been. It was. It was Narremberg. I'm not great
Speaker 1: on all the other German city, but like Bavarious starts
Speaker 1: industrializing heavily, and their military was like just the best
Speaker 1: in the world, incredibly good. Yeah yeah, Like like Germany
Speaker 1: actively amazing, goes up against the entire rest of the
Speaker 1: world in World War One and comes pretty close to winning.
Speaker 1: They yeah, they like. It's not like World War Two
Speaker 1: where after a while like they're almost they almost pulled
Speaker 1: it off almost yeah yeah. Um So the Kaiser's propaganda
Speaker 1: had forbidden so like and that that's actually part of
Speaker 1: the problem is that right up until the end of
Speaker 1: the war, Germany could win it. It's not again, not
Speaker 1: like World War Two. We're after nineteen forty three, everyone
Speaker 1: can see the writing on the wall. Up until like
Speaker 1: late nineteen eighteen, Germany could pull that ship off. Um
Speaker 1: And this is sort of compounded in the minds of
Speaker 1: German people who see their soldiers winning by the Kaisers
Speaker 1: propaganda because the Kaiser had forbidden journalists from reporting on
Speaker 1: the dire situation in the West. Um so number one,
Speaker 1: Germany is in a pretty good position most of the war.
Speaker 1: They notck Romania and Russia out of the fight, so
Speaker 1: they beat like two powers, including Russia, which is like
Speaker 1: a fifth of the world's land masks which they heard
Speaker 1: of at the time. They conquer Ukraine, um like, get
Speaker 1: it in a treaty basically, and they spend most of
Speaker 1: the war within spitting distance of Paris. So on a map,
Speaker 1: Germans spend most of that war thinking like we're winning.
Speaker 1: This is tough, We're losing a lot of men, but like,
Speaker 1: we're gonna win this thing now. The situation on the
Speaker 1: map belied some crucial realities, including the fact that as
Speaker 1: the war went on, Germany was completely hollowed out of soldiers,
Speaker 1: of supplies, and of food. Three quarters of a million
Speaker 1: German civilians starved to death as a result of the
Speaker 1: Allied blockade. UM. By the time Germany surrenders in the
Speaker 1: winter of nineteen eighteen, it's army is on the very
Speaker 1: brink of collapse. The generals who are in charge at
Speaker 1: the end a guy named Eric Lundor for you might
Speaker 1: remember from the Wonder Woman movie. Yes he's the bad
Speaker 1: guy and Wonder Woman, but was a real dude. Um
Speaker 1: and Paul von Hindenberg, who was his his co general.
Speaker 1: We're not the ones to accept failure gracefully. Right, like
Speaker 1: both of them had some victories to their name, both
Speaker 1: of them made some major strategic errors at the end
Speaker 1: that we're a big factor in German defeat um. But
Speaker 1: when the Germans lose, they don't stay on deck to
Speaker 1: be like, hey, guys, we tried our best, we fought
Speaker 1: as hard as anyone could fight, and we got our
Speaker 1: We we just lost. They fucking bounce like as soon
Speaker 1: as it becomes clear they're going to surrender, they're fucking
Speaker 1: out of there. Yeah, yeah, so back yeah, and they
Speaker 1: hand over responsibility for negotiating Germany's surrender because the Kaiser
Speaker 1: also bounces like that motherfucker's off the Belgium on a
Speaker 1: trade um. So all of the people who had gotten
Speaker 1: Germany into war and had like pushed the war the
Speaker 1: whole time leave and put the responsibility for negotiating the
Speaker 1: surrender on the social democrat dominated Reichstag. So Germany overnight
Speaker 1: is a social democracy. And also the liberals who had
Speaker 1: been most a lot of them anti war up to
Speaker 1: that point, now have to deal with negotiating germany surrender. Meanwhile,
Speaker 1: the guys who were responsible for losing the war start
Speaker 1: concocting a narrative that the left had stabbed the German
Speaker 1: army in the back um and that's why they lost.
Speaker 1: And when I say the left, I also mean the Jews,
Speaker 1: because that's what they mean, right, like they're not yeah,
Speaker 1: the left. And it's the same thing people talk about
Speaker 1: cultural Marxism today, right. The turn back then was Judeo Bolshevism.
Speaker 1: But it's the same idea, right. So the first days
Speaker 1: and weeks after Germany's defeat, there were just a bunch
Speaker 1: of revolutions all throughout these different cities in Germany, and
Speaker 1: a lot of them were left wing. But Verry was
Speaker 1: not spared in this wave of unrest. As you said,
Speaker 1: there was a strong While Bavaria is very conservative, in
Speaker 1: Munich in particular, there's a very vibrant left wing and
Speaker 1: several days before Germany signs the armistice on November eleven,
Speaker 1: November seven, this huge crowd as symbols in Munich and
Speaker 1: they forced the Bavarian king to leave his throne. Now,
Speaker 1: the guy who orchestrated this was a dude named Kurt Eisner,
Speaker 1: and he's the head of the Bavarian Social Democratic Party
Speaker 1: and his goal was to you know what he did.
Speaker 1: He wanted to kick out the king and establish a
Speaker 1: Bavarian republic. Now, that worked for a little while. The
Speaker 1: unfortunately Eisner the coalition that Eisener used to kind of
Speaker 1: kick the king out and establish a republic was only
Speaker 1: united in their desire to bring it into the war
Speaker 1: and get rid of the king. And once that war
Speaker 1: ended and the king was gone, they didn't agree on
Speaker 1: anything else because it was a coalition of like the
Speaker 1: far left, but also a lot of like center left
Speaker 1: people and even centrists were just like, this World War
Speaker 1: one thing doesn't seem to be working out for anybody,
Speaker 1: all of us. Sucks for all of us. And when
Speaker 1: that ends, a lot of these centrists are like, well,
Speaker 1: we don't really agree with the left on anything else,
Speaker 1: you know, And there's this huge desire to We've got
Speaker 1: the king out, the war has gone. Let's go back
Speaker 1: to business as usual. Let's go back to the way
Speaker 1: things were before the war. I think people Americans can understand. People. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I just want to go back to branch man. I
Speaker 1: want to go back to brunch. And a lot of
Speaker 1: these centrists wanted to go back to the center right
Speaker 1: and the center left, arguing because both the extreme right
Speaker 1: and the extreme left had been empowered by the war
Speaker 1: and the economic collapse that came with it, and these
Speaker 1: these folks in the middle were scared by that. So
Speaker 1: this is before like pruised and like the new like
Speaker 1: the new Democrats or the new like constitution. They right,
Speaker 1: like this, this is right, this is before the Weimar Constitution.
Speaker 1: Istion Eisner over. Eisner leads his sort of revolution like
Speaker 1: five days before Germany surrenders. Um, so this is contemporary,
Speaker 1: Like the Weimar Constitution starts being written during the period
Speaker 1: where a lot of this is happening. But this starts before.
Speaker 1: This starts while the Kaiser is still on the throat. Right, Um,
Speaker 1: I'm fairly sure while the Kaiser is still on the throat.
Speaker 1: It starts before the official German surrender. So things, you know,
Speaker 1: the center right or the center left decides like, we
Speaker 1: don't really want to work with Eisener. Eisner's support dissolves
Speaker 1: and he kind of winds up unable to govern because
Speaker 1: he doesn't really have a lot of people backing him. Um,
Speaker 1: there's new elections, uh in January of nineteen nineteen, and
Speaker 1: this kind of center left dominates as opposed to Eisner's
Speaker 1: far left. So On the morning of February one, nineteen nineteen,
Speaker 1: Kurt Eisner starts walking to the lawn Tag, the land Tag,
Speaker 1: which is like they're, you know, kind of their Congress
Speaker 1: sort of thing, to resign his position as head of
Speaker 1: the local government. Now, while he's on his way, this
Speaker 1: German noble count Anton Arco Valley, which is a fucking badass.
Speaker 1: Now Arco Valley, it's like he's like a Spiderman victim right, Billy, Yeah, Um,
Speaker 1: he's a He's a rich Bavarian nobleman. So Arco Valley
Speaker 1: like comes up and shoots him dead. Eisner. Um so
Speaker 1: because he's, you know, Arco Valley is a monarchist and
Speaker 1: a and a far right kind of guy, and he
Speaker 1: wants to murder this left wing dude, even though the
Speaker 1: guy is about to leave power willingly. So one of
Speaker 1: Eisner's Eisner does have some very loyal followers, and one
Speaker 1: of them responds to Eisner being killed by gunning down
Speaker 1: another politician. And for reasons unknown to history, this like
Speaker 1: leftist supporter of Eisner, instead of going after one of
Speaker 1: arco Valleys allies, picks a moderate liberal um, a guy
Speaker 1: named Ernard our Um, and shoots him. Now Our survives
Speaker 1: an hour at the time is kind of the head
Speaker 1: of the Social Democrats and Munich, so he's like he's
Speaker 1: like kind of the Joe Biden right, Like he's like
Speaker 1: a moderate liberal. Um. Yeah uh, and this leftist shoots
Speaker 1: him instead of one of Arco Valleys allies for a
Speaker 1: good reasons that aren't really well known. Um, but our survived.
Speaker 1: What are theories? You know? I I haven't really heard
Speaker 1: a good one. It might just be that, as a rule,
Speaker 1: a lot of folks on the far left will always
Speaker 1: hate liberals more than they hate the right. Um, it
Speaker 1: might have been. It's like it was just like personal
Speaker 1: It's like that fool hit on my girl. Yeah, I've
Speaker 1: been personally he might have been. Man, I took my chance.
Speaker 1: He might have just fucked up right, like guns just
Speaker 1: hit the rate back then, you know, Like you know,
Speaker 1: I don't really know. Um ours survived though he doesn't
Speaker 1: get killed, but his injuries keep him out of politics
Speaker 1: for two years. And while Our was like kind of
Speaker 1: a centrist, he was an effective leader of the Social
Speaker 1: Democratic Party. He was good at getting people in line. Um.
Speaker 1: And the fact that he's out of the picture for
Speaker 1: a couple of years means that his party is effectively
Speaker 1: rudderless right at the same time that the far left
Speaker 1: is energized by Eisner's martyrdom. Now, our successor, a guy
Speaker 1: named Johann Hoffman, was weak and not very competent um.
Speaker 1: So you've got this position where the dominant center left
Speaker 1: party loses its effective leader at the same time as
Speaker 1: the radical left gets energized by the assassination of like
Speaker 1: one of their big dudes. And I'm gonna I'm gonna
Speaker 1: read a quote now from a graduate dissertation by James
Speaker 1: McGee titled the Political Police in Bavaria nineteen nineteen to
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty six to explain what happens next. The assassination
Speaker 1: of Eisner had worked as a solvent upon political consensus
Speaker 1: such as it was in Bavaria. The Hoffman government found
Speaker 1: itself caught between the advance of radicalism on both the
Speaker 1: right and the left the first round, and the struggle
Speaker 1: went to the radical left. No longer able to maintain
Speaker 1: itself in Munich, the Hoffman government decamped on April seven,
Speaker 1: eventually coming to rest in the northern Bavarian city of Bomberg.
Speaker 1: Authority in Munich was assumed successively by two councils, the
Speaker 1: first led by an ill assorted collection of independent socialists
Speaker 1: and anarchists, and the second by the communists. So two
Speaker 1: different successive kind of far left governments take over through
Speaker 1: like a revolution basically, but neither of them are very
Speaker 1: good at it right. Neither of them really have Like
Speaker 1: the anarchists are way more focused on creating public art
Speaker 1: and stuff um, and don't really have a great uh
Speaker 1: cohesive set of plan to deal with the needs of
Speaker 1: a lot of like uh Moonstion ears. I think it
Speaker 1: is like people of the people of Munich, um. Whereas
Speaker 1: the communists are kind of they're not really that good
Speaker 1: at building support outside of the people who are already
Speaker 1: involved in their movement. Uh. There there spent a lot
Speaker 1: of time going after their political enemies uh and again
Speaker 1: aren't very good at consolidating power. Meanwhile, outside the city,
Speaker 1: conservative forces start regrouping and preparing to invade Munich because
Speaker 1: there's been a left wing revolution. What is the right
Speaker 1: going to do? They're gonna murder everyone they can. So
Speaker 1: the core of this right wing movement where the Free
Speaker 1: Corps um, and that's an organization of right wing veterans
Speaker 1: that you could see is broadly similar to groups like
Speaker 1: the Oath Keepers or the Three Percenters today. Now, the
Speaker 1: main difference between these two is the oath Keepers and
Speaker 1: the Three Percenters are mostly people dressing up like soldiers who,
Speaker 1: if they were in the military, never heard a shot
Speaker 1: fired in anger. The men of the Free Corps are
Speaker 1: hard sons of bitches, like they have They have done
Speaker 1: a ton of killing. They have seen thousands die before
Speaker 1: their eyes. Like a lot of these guys, these guys
Speaker 1: are like veterans of the trenches. So they're not they're
Speaker 1: not playing, you know, like they're not dressing up because
Speaker 1: soldiers look cool. They've they they have been so broken
Speaker 1: by war that it's the only thing they can really do,
Speaker 1: you know. Larpin over here. Yeah, they're called the Free Corps,
Speaker 1: the Free Corp, the Free Corps like where yeah so,
Speaker 1: and the Free Corps. Not all these guys. A number
Speaker 1: of like free core dudes actually become anti Nazis later,
Speaker 1: but a lot of the Free Corps are the genesis
Speaker 1: of what becomes some of the Nazi street movements too.
Speaker 1: And it's kind of like we saw with the r
Speaker 1: d T in Italy, right where you've got all these veterans.
Speaker 1: Some of them do become some of them just one
Speaker 1: order and they're more Republican than anything. But they'll fight
Speaker 1: the radical left, and then they wind up being anti Nazi.
Speaker 1: Most of them go more in a Nazi direction. Some
Speaker 1: of them wind up being kind of more on the
Speaker 1: left after a while because they get, you know, disillusioned
Speaker 1: by right wing politics. But you have this melting pot
Speaker 1: of soldiers who are angry at things, and the bulk
Speaker 1: of them do go to the right. Now. Yeah, so
Speaker 1: these guys invade and they make quick work of the
Speaker 1: Red Forces of the Revolutionary government. I'm gonna quote from
Speaker 1: Macgee's article again. By the end of April, the feeble
Speaker 1: Red Forces had been pressed back into the environs of
Speaker 1: Munich itself. At this moment, with their backs to the wall,
Speaker 1: elements of the Red Army executed tin hostages. Some of
Speaker 1: the hostages were members of the right radical Tula Society.
Speaker 1: Others appeared to have been selected almost at random. None
Speaker 1: of the ten, however, had done anything to earn so
Speaker 1: terrible a retribution with run. With one gratuitous act, the
Speaker 1: leftist defenders of Munich had opened the floodgates of violence.
Speaker 1: The aroused White forces poured into the city on May first,
Speaker 1: bent upon the eradication of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and
Speaker 1: its supporters in the most literal sense imaginable. The hardened
Speaker 1: Free Corps and Army troops coursed through the streets of
Speaker 1: the city, shooting anyone who appeared even remotely suspicious. The
Speaker 1: orgy of execution did not stop until May seven, when
Speaker 1: it was discovered that the White forces had mistakenly murdered
Speaker 1: a group of twenty one Catholic school boys. These school
Speaker 1: boys were, by no means the only innocence who fell
Speaker 1: before the guns. Before this first wave of killing had
Speaker 1: come to an end, over six hundred individuals had been slain,
Speaker 1: many of them individuals with no connection to the Red
Speaker 1: Army or the Soviet Republic. The revolution, which had begun
Speaker 1: so peacefully six months before, had ended in a blood bath.
Speaker 1: Order had returned to Bavaria. Wow, that's kind of the
Speaker 1: story of the radical left. In the radical right right,
Speaker 1: you get the radical left, some of them go a
Speaker 1: little bit far. They killed ten people, and the right
Speaker 1: murder six hundred people, including several dozen schoolboys. Yeah, got
Speaker 1: dog man, Yeah, I hearing about this just this time
Speaker 1: in the world and being a you know, albeit African
Speaker 1: American male. But the reality is I live in America,
Speaker 1: you know that like in this in this era that
Speaker 1: like the type of violence these people endured all the time,
Speaker 1: you know, and instability, Like it's just we really can't
Speaker 1: get our brain around that six hundred Yeah, you know
Speaker 1: it was six hundred people at least, like they murder
Speaker 1: a whole school of Catholic children, you know, famous leftists,
Speaker 1: the Catholic school. Yeah, right, I mean to be actually,
Speaker 1: if we're being honest, like one of the in Germany,
Speaker 1: the anti fascists were a mix of anarchists, communists, social democrats,
Speaker 1: and Catholics. A lot of very traditional conservative Catholics were
Speaker 1: anti fascists because they were against the Nazis, right, and
Speaker 1: they still believed some pretty messed up stuff. You're talking
Speaker 1: about Catholics in the thirties and forties. But um, we're
Speaker 1: not Nazis, you know, And you get a lot of
Speaker 1: credit in my book if you're anti Nazi, regardless of
Speaker 1: what you believe in that all the other stuff I
Speaker 1: can say this about you. Yeah, but you know, this
Speaker 1: does kind of everything that's happening in Germany in this
Speaker 1: period makes it clear what I what I kind of
Speaker 1: consistently think is the most the thing that we have
Speaker 1: going for us the most in our present struggle against fascism,
Speaker 1: which is that our fascists are they're fucking whimps for
Speaker 1: the most part, right, most of them have never seen
Speaker 1: heavy combat. They have not seen people shot to death.
Speaker 1: They haven't shot anyone to death, they have not been
Speaker 1: in like That's why a lot of them started to
Speaker 1: run as soon as like the police started really using force.
Speaker 1: The fascists, the Nazis, the o G Nazis, most of
Speaker 1: them are hard, hard people. Hitler is an incredibly physically
Speaker 1: tough man. Like Hitler is a guy who got into
Speaker 1: street fights with a whip, you know, like these are yeah,
Speaker 1: these are rough people, um and I that's one of
Speaker 1: the things we have going for us is that most
Speaker 1: of ours just aren't that tough, you know. Um Yeah,
Speaker 1: there's like this weird like combo of like there's you're
Speaker 1: not that tough, but you have something to prove, so
Speaker 1: you're gonna be so you're dangerous because you have something
Speaker 1: to prove, right, But then there's you are tough and
Speaker 1: you have something to prove and you ain't scared, you know.
Speaker 1: I'm like, yeah, that's a toll that that's a totally
Speaker 1: different situation. Yeah. Yeah, Like you'll see a lot of
Speaker 1: folks in our far right dress up in you know,
Speaker 1: plate carriers and carry guns and look like soldiers. The
Speaker 1: Nazis did that too, They wore military they dressed like
Speaker 1: German stormtroopers, and most of them had been right when
Speaker 1: they dressed like the guys who charged through trenches with
Speaker 1: an axe in one hand and a handgun in another.
Speaker 1: It's because they charged through trenches with an axe in
Speaker 1: one hand and a handgun in another. You know. Yeah,
Speaker 1: And I know you've seen that look bro as a tangent,
Speaker 1: but like as much as you've trapped as any war
Speaker 1: zones you've been in, and then even here, like you
Speaker 1: can see it in a person's eyes to where you're like, oh, yeah,
Speaker 1: you'll cut me, you will cut my throat. You're not,
Speaker 1: you won't think twice, You'll cut my throat, Like you
Speaker 1: can see it in a person's eyes. Yeah, it's the willingness,
Speaker 1: it's it's the people, and you can really see it
Speaker 1: in a lot of folks eyes. The folks for whom
Speaker 1: doing violence is the same as like turning the page
Speaker 1: in a book, right, Like it doesn't require a switch
Speaker 1: in their mental circuitry. Yeah, they're just ready, you know,
Speaker 1: and most of them aren't that. Most of the far
Speaker 1: right in Munich in this period are that kind of person.
Speaker 1: You know. You've got folks like Heinrich Hemler who were
Speaker 1: too young and who want to be that and are
Speaker 1: playing at it, but a lot of them are really
Speaker 1: tough people. So mainstream Munich, which you know, after the
Speaker 1: right comes in and massacres everybody, it's still like kind
Speaker 1: of the liberals who are in charge of the government
Speaker 1: for about a year after this point, you know, kind
Speaker 1: of the mainstream center left, and they blamed the far
Speaker 1: left for everything, even though the vast majority of the
Speaker 1: killing had been done by folks that were basically proto fascists.
Speaker 1: Um and among other things, the fact that the left
Speaker 1: had taken over the city briefly helped to incite and
Speaker 1: fuel an extremely active right wing militias scenes. So all
Speaker 1: of these different street militias of armed young men start
Speaker 1: to form up during this period of time, So different
Speaker 1: groups of angry young men, many of them veterans got
Speaker 1: together to fight the reds and enshare their city would
Speaker 1: never fall to the left again again. A liberal government
Speaker 1: is in charge for the next year, but after the
Speaker 1: Free Corps and the army come in, the real power
Speaker 1: in Munich is with the military and the police, and
Speaker 1: the dominant political ideology in the city among both the
Speaker 1: center left and center right become the thirst for order
Speaker 1: above all else, right, which you can understand, Like, these
Speaker 1: people aren't just going through like a lot of Americans
Speaker 1: just want order at this point, after the last four
Speaker 1: years and we didn't go through a war that killed
Speaker 1: like what one out of every ten of our young
Speaker 1: men something like that. Yeah, their calls for law and
Speaker 1: order are understandable. Yeah, I think there. You know, the
Speaker 1: history will show it was the wrong way to go
Speaker 1: about it. But you have to be more sympathetic to them,
Speaker 1: the people calling for now like well, you can't even imagine,
Speaker 1: no one in in America can imagine we have no Yeah, exactly. Um. So,
Speaker 1: Ernest Pohner was one of the first men who stepped
Speaker 1: in to fill this need for order. And he'd been
Speaker 1: enraged by Eisner and you know, even more enraged by
Speaker 1: the Soviet Republic that briefly took charge of Munich um
Speaker 1: And so he gets promoted to be the head of
Speaker 1: the Munich Police Force in May of nineteen nineteen. And
Speaker 1: he's fresh back from commanding a regiment in World War
Speaker 1: One at this point, and as soon as he's put in,
Speaker 1: you know, in charge of the police force, he sets
Speaker 1: to work not just crushing Marxism but doing everything he
Speaker 1: hand to encourage the growth of the radical right in Munich.
Speaker 1: Now the radical right, there were a number of different
Speaker 1: parties at this period, but the one that would come
Speaker 1: to dominate the Munich far right scene was of course
Speaker 1: the National Socialist German Workers Party the n s d
Speaker 1: a P. They were founded in February of nineteen twenty
Speaker 1: by a fellow named Anton Drexler. A lot of people
Speaker 1: don't know this. Hitler didn't start the Nazi Party. He
Speaker 1: wasn't involved at the very beginning. It was a locksmith
Speaker 1: named Drexler who had been involved previously in a bunch
Speaker 1: of other fanatical nationalist parties. Now from the beginning the
Speaker 1: n s d a P. And they're not the Nazis
Speaker 1: at this point, nobody calls them that yet that that
Speaker 1: that takes for a while. Laters at this point called
Speaker 1: him the National Socialists or the n s d AP.
Speaker 1: Their goal initially was to be the party of the
Speaker 1: German middle class, and I think you'll remember that from
Speaker 1: our episode on Italy. Yep, Drexler sought robust social aid
Speaker 1: programs for arians. So he wanted socialism four arians, right,
Speaker 1: and he wanted anyone who was not to not be
Speaker 1: in his fucking country. That's that. Yeah. Now, at the onset,
Speaker 1: the National Socialists were a small and secretive group of
Speaker 1: about sixty people. Now, the reichs Wear, which is Germany's
Speaker 1: post war army, becomes immediately concerned with this small party,
Speaker 1: namely because they were afraid that it might have subversive
Speaker 1: or revolutionary goals. Right, the army is definitely more anti
Speaker 1: left than right, but they're concerned about anyone who might
Speaker 1: be a threat to order in this period. So they
Speaker 1: decided to send in a spy to look at this
Speaker 1: young starting party and figure out if it's a threat.
Speaker 1: And the spy they send is a young German corporal
Speaker 1: named Adolf Hitler. Like of of all the times, I
Speaker 1: mean like of So there's so much of world history
Speaker 1: that fascinates me. But this moment, this time, this time,
Speaker 1: the in between wars, this time is so interesting to me?
Speaker 1: U is it so interesting that we should take an
Speaker 1: ad break for a suspect. Yeah, you know who won't
Speaker 1: send Hitler in to infiltrate a radical political party and
Speaker 1: then become its head. Our sponsors, they will not. Our
Speaker 1: sponsors have never ordered Adolf Hitler to infiltrate of right
Speaker 1: wing political That for a fact, Absolutely certain. Yes, I'm
Speaker 1: a bastard for that transition. By the way, that was
Speaker 1: a great transition. What grows in the forest trees, Sure
Speaker 1: you know what else grows in the forest, our imagination,
Speaker 1: our sense of wonder, and our family bonds grow too,
Speaker 1: because when we disconnect from this and connect with this,
Speaker 1: we reconnect with each other. The forest is closer than
Speaker 1: you think. Find a forest near you and start exploring.
Speaker 1: I Discover the Forest dot Org, brought to you by
Speaker 1: the United States Forest Service and the AD Council. Conquer
Speaker 1: your New Year's resolution to be more productive with the
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Speaker 1: management and productivity expert Laura Vander Can teaches you how
Speaker 1: to make the most of your time both at work
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Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, we have returned, and I am just
Speaker 1: loving talking about some old h bomb hittie hits h bomb.
Speaker 1: Yeah he uh here, here's what you could do. Here's
Speaker 1: what you can do for these people, which is some
Speaker 1: of the Uh well, I don't get into these Gussies
Speaker 1: anymore because it ridiculous, but um, help these people understand
Speaker 1: this party having the term socialists in it, but they're
Speaker 1: not so to list like yeah, yeah, help them understand net.
Speaker 1: It's just they're they're national socialists, which means which means
Speaker 1: they're they're kind of and in their conception that means that, like,
Speaker 1: we seek a socialist state for members of our race,
Speaker 1: so we want to and and some of that was
Speaker 1: just was just lies because the Germans a lot of
Speaker 1: stuff is happening here. For one thing, the left is
Speaker 1: very powerful in Germany during this point. The Communists are
Speaker 1: beating the Nazis for the most part in elections for
Speaker 1: most of this history. So and they're both competing for
Speaker 1: people who have been radicalized, like we talked about last time,
Speaker 1: people who have accepted that the system is fucked, a
Speaker 1: lot of them can go left or right. So the
Speaker 1: Nazis have to be reaching out to the workers have
Speaker 1: to be trying to recruit from that. And there's also
Speaker 1: you know, you are talking about a period of time
Speaker 1: in which the German economy is it's like five point
Speaker 1: seven billion marks to the dollar, Like Germany is a
Speaker 1: nation of trillionaires who can't afford food. So you have
Speaker 1: to be able to speak to these people in promise
Speaker 1: them some sort of aid. And that was a big part.
Speaker 1: And and the way basically the left is like everybody
Speaker 1: deserves to be taken care of. We need to take
Speaker 1: money away from these We need to nationalize industries, we
Speaker 1: need to nationalize corporations, We need to give the means
Speaker 1: of production to workers. The Germans are basically like, we
Speaker 1: need to take money away from the Jews and businesses
Speaker 1: away from the Jews and give it to arians, right
Speaker 1: because of them. Yeah, the idea of like accepting the
Speaker 1: fact that, like you lost this war. I feel like
Speaker 1: that's what's so that this is part of what's interesting
Speaker 1: me about this season to this time in history, because
Speaker 1: it's like you couldn't get your brain around the fact
Speaker 1: that y'all just lost, Like it just you lost. You
Speaker 1: drained your economy on a war that you shouldn't have
Speaker 1: been in the first place. Again, nothing that sounds similar
Speaker 1: to this country today exactly. Just hey, bro, you take
Speaker 1: it on a chance you lost, you know what I'm saying,
Speaker 1: Let's figure this out. Were you looking for, Like, well,
Speaker 1: we just lost because of them? Like well anyway, Yeah,
Speaker 1: none of this is familiar. And it's also when we're
Speaker 1: talking about sort of socialism within the Nazis. One thing
Speaker 1: people do need to understand is that in the early period,
Speaker 1: and this hasn't even really evolved yet in the episode
Speaker 1: we're talking about, this is more in like the later twenties,
Speaker 1: there's a left wing and a right wing of the
Speaker 1: Nazi Party. There are Nazis who are anti capitalist. The
Speaker 1: Night of Long Knives is the right wing of the
Speaker 1: Nazi Party, which is the dominant chunk of the party,
Speaker 1: murdering all of those. Which is not to say that
Speaker 1: the left wing of the Nazi Party weren't a bunch
Speaker 1: of hideous racist monsters. They were, um, they just believed
Speaker 1: slightly different things and were then murdered, right Like, that's
Speaker 1: that's what the Night of Long Knives was, was a
Speaker 1: purging of the kind of more socialist elements within the
Speaker 1: Nazi Party that they needed to kind of get into
Speaker 1: power and get enough workers behind them that they could
Speaker 1: you know, um, take the streets. Um. So again, a
Speaker 1: lot of chairman, his political history is incredibly complicated in
Speaker 1: this period, so much is going on. Um And again,
Speaker 1: like people who are convinced that the system needs to
Speaker 1: be destroyed will often have some stuff in common with
Speaker 1: each other, which is why you do see Nazis and
Speaker 1: communists on a couple of occasions, like fight together against
Speaker 1: police in the state, not because they agree with each other,
Speaker 1: but because they agree on the fact that the state
Speaker 1: is ship. Um. You know, it's it's a very messy
Speaker 1: time because everything is falling apart. Again, I'm sure Americans
Speaker 1: can identify with that. Um. So. Yeah, this Hitler's you know,
Speaker 1: commanding officer sends him to infiltrate this far right group
Speaker 1: and learn if it's like a threat to the German government,
Speaker 1: which I think you have to count as like one
Speaker 1: of the worst decisions ever made, like calculation, and I
Speaker 1: don't know if anything's ever backfired more than be like,
Speaker 1: we don't want to we we want to make sure
Speaker 1: these guys don't overthrow the government. Send Hitler and the
Speaker 1: check out him. Yeah yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah yeah yeah yeah.
Speaker 1: Mostly underestimated big it. So Hitler at the time was
Speaker 1: an angry young man, still suffering from his war injuries.
Speaker 1: He'd been pretty badly messed up at the front, and
Speaker 1: he'd been at the front for about four straight years.
Speaker 1: So he's he's riddled with PTSD and physically injured, and
Speaker 1: he's adrift in a nation on the verge of collapse.
Speaker 1: The economy is in free fall. People don't have jobs,
Speaker 1: and Hitler's kind of One of the reasons he does
Speaker 1: this is he's desperate to not get kicked out of
Speaker 1: the military. Most soldiers are released from the military after
Speaker 1: the war. He hangs onto his job for a while
Speaker 1: and this is how and he needs the fucking money, right,
Speaker 1: so he takes this gig. He goes in and shows
Speaker 1: up at a meeting or two of the Nazi Party,
Speaker 1: and he finds himself kind of enthralled by the group's discussions. Now,
Speaker 1: one of the party's early members was a fellow named
Speaker 1: Dietrich Eckert. Now. Eckert was an anti Semitic poet, and
Speaker 1: most historians consider him to be the spiritual founder of
Speaker 1: the Nazi Party. Hitler himself, in some private writings, described
Speaker 1: Eckert as the spiritual founder of Nazism. Now Eckert was
Speaker 1: all about nationalism and saving Germany from the Jewish menace
Speaker 1: that he believed had lost the war for her bereft
Speaker 1: of a Kaiser, Dietrich became convinced that an Aryan hero
Speaker 1: was needed to save the German race, and he spent
Speaker 1: a lot of his time thinking about who that hero
Speaker 1: might be. And I'm gonna quote Dietrich here. This is
Speaker 1: talking about like what he believes is necessary to save Germany. Yeah,
Speaker 1: the rabble has to be scared shitless. I can't use
Speaker 1: an officer, by which he means a military officer. The
Speaker 1: people no longer have any respect for them. Best of
Speaker 1: all would be a worker who's got his mouth in
Speaker 1: the right place. He doesn't need much intelligence. Politics is
Speaker 1: the stupidest business in the world, right, I mean, politics
Speaker 1: is the stupidest posiness. Yeah, you have to see Eckard
Speaker 1: is in a lot of ways one of the most
Speaker 1: effective and like political thinkers of all time, he's absolutely
Speaker 1: right about how to take over German Democratcsy. It's a
Speaker 1: seats the plan works. Yeah, he turns out he was right. Yeah. Now,
Speaker 1: during one early Nazi party meeting, a professor got up
Speaker 1: and made an impassioned argument about why Bavaria needed to
Speaker 1: seceed from Germany. Hitler got enraged by this, and he
Speaker 1: starts screaming at this professor and he's so eloquent in
Speaker 1: his arguments about like why Germany needs to stay together
Speaker 1: that like everyone who's there is just struck by his
Speaker 1: his skill as a speaker. Um, And this professor actually
Speaker 1: like flees the room in shame because he can't like
Speaker 1: argue against Hitler. And yeah, this convinces all of the
Speaker 1: party leaders at the time that Hitler had a future
Speaker 1: as an orator, that he could be like a big
Speaker 1: voice for spreading the party's propaganda. So they start having
Speaker 1: Hitler gift speeches and they're right, Like he's able to
Speaker 1: draw a crowd. That guy is a good public speaker.
Speaker 1: He gets better and better about it over time, and
Speaker 1: in short order he's the most prominent member of the
Speaker 1: National Socialist Party and soon it's figurehead. Now, the Nazis
Speaker 1: grew quickly at this point, drawing in other disaffected veterans
Speaker 1: like Herman Gearing and Rome. Now, Rome had been a stormtrooper,
Speaker 1: and he's a really interesting guy. He's one of the
Speaker 1: members who's purged in the Night of Long Knives. So
Speaker 1: he had in World War One been like a Special
Speaker 1: Forces guy, an elite assault trooper. He's covered head to
Speaker 1: toe in scars. His nickname because he has so many
Speaker 1: connections in the military. He's able to get like heavy
Speaker 1: machine guns for these militias and stuff like have them
Speaker 1: smuggled out illegally from the army to these right wing groups.
Speaker 1: They call him the machine Gun King, which is an
Speaker 1: objectively cool nickname. The Rome is a terrifying person um
Speaker 1: and and it's just like a like and if you
Speaker 1: want to think about his the way he's seen by
Speaker 1: a lot of the radical right at this point point
Speaker 1: in Germany, think about a guy like Chris Kyle, right,
Speaker 1: the American Sniper, how Republicans talk about him. Rome was
Speaker 1: that sort of legend. He's just this this absolute legendary brawler,
Speaker 1: warrior brawler. He's also very almost openly gay, which is
Speaker 1: why he's murdered in the light night of Long Knives,
Speaker 1: right is because like Hitler doesn't want kind of bad
Speaker 1: pr He's a very interesting guy. Um yeah, he's a
Speaker 1: tough He's a tough and that's like a huge factor
Speaker 1: in you know there there again we talked about all
Speaker 1: these kind of countercultural movements coming together. You see versions
Speaker 1: of this within the Proud Boys too, right, like where
Speaker 1: and that's a big part of Like at the time,
Speaker 1: what you know, Rome sexuality wasn't something that they advertised.
Speaker 1: Now it is kind of an advertising point where it's like, hey,
Speaker 1: we're not white nationalists, Like look, you know our leaders,
Speaker 1: this our leader is like a black guy. We've got
Speaker 1: all these gay people, like, we couldn't possibly be fascists.
Speaker 1: And it's like no, no, no. The fascists have had
Speaker 1: always at the start a lot of different people represented
Speaker 1: as long as they're violent. Now, once they get into power,
Speaker 1: they murder those people. Rome doesn't last after Hitler gets
Speaker 1: into power. No, no, no, But Hitler's happy to be
Speaker 1: his friend when he needs him to beat people up.
Speaker 1: The Finesse on that kid, Hitler, man, it's just that
Speaker 1: the Finesse is ridiculous, Like yeah, yeah, you can't finesse
Speaker 1: is ridiculous. Anyway, Hitler starts attracting these war heres because
Speaker 1: Garing is also herman. Garring is like a fighter ace
Speaker 1: and he's very handsome as a young man, like everyone knows,
Speaker 1: like the obese heroin addicted Garing that like you know,
Speaker 1: gets caricatured. But he's a young man. He's this like
Speaker 1: very handsome, prominent look like he looks like a movie star.
Speaker 1: And he's a legendary fighter pilot. You've got Ernst Rome,
Speaker 1: who's just like tough as nails. And all of these
Speaker 1: like war heroes start joining the Nazi ranks, which of
Speaker 1: course brings in more guys from the far right because
Speaker 1: you've got as a young man. Yeah, you need a
Speaker 1: young one. Now I'm looking at young one. This dude's handsome,
Speaker 1: young herman Gary, drop the league. Yeah, I'll show you
Speaker 1: a picture of him. I'll show you a picture of him.
Speaker 1: Drop that into chet. You know what I'm saying. We're
Speaker 1: gonna agree to disagree on this one. This is a
Speaker 1: point to motherfucker looking like no, no, no, no, no, no,
Speaker 1: I'm gonna throw. I'm gonna throw like an ugly lego
Speaker 1: loss from one of the rings. Well, got it. Well
Speaker 1: you gotta type those over there? So I mean no,
Speaker 1: I don't ugly. Okay, chat picture of them? Okay, hold
Speaker 1: up this the same picture I was looking at. Yes,
Speaker 1: this is not an attractive man. He looks like he
Speaker 1: looks like a young bing Crosby. Yo. That's a little
Speaker 1: bit of you know what I'm saying, little Matthew McConaughey. Jaw, Yeah,
Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. It's traditionally I I don't
Speaker 1: want to get caught into the talking about how hot
Speaker 1: Herman Garring used to be. He's still a monster. He is,
Speaker 1: he's he is seen as being an attractive young wars
Speaker 1: here traditionally attractive, recording to Western standard. Also, half of
Speaker 1: the men in Germany in this period have had their
Speaker 1: faces blown off. So it's the bar is not as hot. Um,
Speaker 1: it's like Ricketts. Yet it's no for me, dog Okay,
Speaker 1: well good does not think Herman Garring is hot. Well,
Speaker 1: that's a T shirt right there on the motherfucking record
Speaker 1: we needed need to know. Let's get two sets of
Speaker 1: T shirts out. Team Herman Garring was fuckable and Team
Speaker 1: Herman Garring wasn't fuckable yet Sophie, can we get can
Speaker 1: we get t public on that? Is that a good idea?
Speaker 1: I'm sure, but I don't know. It's just just a
Speaker 1: picture of herman garring and DTF questions. Uh, that might
Speaker 1: not go over well for us. It's all bad, so
Speaker 1: uh Yeah, they start to draw in a lot of
Speaker 1: like because they've got all these war heroes, they start
Speaker 1: to draw in a lot of other people on the
Speaker 1: right who had idolized these men's soldiers who you know,
Speaker 1: these guys have been their heroes in the trenches, and
Speaker 1: also younger men who hadn't been old enough to fight
Speaker 1: in the war. But we're drawn to wanting to be
Speaker 1: in the company of these legends, guys like Heinrich Hemmler. Right,
Speaker 1: he sees all these heroes joining the Nazis. He never
Speaker 1: got to fight in the war, so he joins the Nazis.
Speaker 1: Now Hitler's give speech after speech after speech, and while
Speaker 1: he's doing this, Dietrich Eckert is helping Hitler mold his
Speaker 1: public appearance and create what came to be known as
Speaker 1: the Hitler myth. And this is the idea that Hitler
Speaker 1: was not just a politician, but he kind of supernaturally
Speaker 1: embodied the spirit of the German people and was their
Speaker 1: defender against their racial enemies. Eckert is the architect of
Speaker 1: this idea, which is the core of like what became
Speaker 1: It comes like the fewer principle, like the center of Nazism. Now,
Speaker 1: one of Eckert's main points was that a new German
Speaker 1: revolution was necessary. The nineteen eighteen revolution, he felt, which
Speaker 1: is like the socialist revolution that takes a Remunich, had
Speaker 1: failed because it was soulless and Jewish. Eckert wanted a revolution,
Speaker 1: but he wanted a revolution that was led by someone
Speaker 1: he crafted, namely hitler Um, that could lead the German
Speaker 1: people into freedom and wipe away the stain of defeat
Speaker 1: in World War One. Now, of course, the Nazis were
Speaker 1: opposed even from an early period, as they always are,
Speaker 1: by the left, namely socialists and communists. In this period,
Speaker 1: and this is before the birth of German anti fascism
Speaker 1: asm as a movement. There are people fighting fascism, but
Speaker 1: like the idea of like antifa as we know it
Speaker 1: like comes out of Germany like a decade later than
Speaker 1: this or so um that hasn't really evolved yet, and
Speaker 1: there anti fascism in Germany in this period is at
Speaker 1: a more primitive level than it is in say Italy. Right, Um,
Speaker 1: so there are but they are still opposing the Nazis,
Speaker 1: and there are frequent fights at Nazi party rallies. Communists
Speaker 1: and socialists will show up at beer halls where Nazis
Speaker 1: are meeting and like try to beat the ship out
Speaker 1: of these guys, and the Nazis will do the same
Speaker 1: thing at left wing gatherings. All everything, every political thing
Speaker 1: in Munich happens at a beer hall. And you do
Speaker 1: have to assume that everyone but Hitler has wasted it
Speaker 1: pretty much all the time. Hitler's not much of a drinker.
Speaker 1: Everybody else is just fucking man. How come like as
Speaker 1: unstable as the world is like at this time, Matt,
Speaker 1: you know, I wonder if we would have much more
Speaker 1: people entering into political discourse if they fought the way
Speaker 1: that these people fight, y'all just drinking scrap, Like could
Speaker 1: you imagine that that like our party, I know, our
Speaker 1: parliament in the sevent was like this, you know what
Speaker 1: I'm saying, eight Hunt, It's we used to actually scrap,
Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. But like these dudes like
Speaker 1: like you you talking. It's so funny because it's like
Speaker 1: it's this is hood ship. This sounds like gangbanging, Like
Speaker 1: y'all pulling up. It's like, Yo, you left this, yeah,
Speaker 1: and n I'm left this. What's what's? What's what I'm saying?
Speaker 1: It's like you flashing signs at each other, y'all. Y'are politicians.
Speaker 1: Y'are politicians. You know what I'm saying? Like what that's
Speaker 1: so that's what I think again, that's going back to
Speaker 1: what I mean by like we don't have we don't
Speaker 1: have categories for it is their officials fight. Yeah, that's
Speaker 1: crazy to me. M yeah, they are like like and
Speaker 1: this is a lot of these guys are like kind
Speaker 1: of not elected, like elected leaders do get into fights
Speaker 1: and stuff. This. Yeah, a lot of these guys are
Speaker 1: just sort of like campaigning and a lot of it
Speaker 1: happens via street fighting, and it's it's ugly ship. People
Speaker 1: are being gunned down and stabbed and beating um like
Speaker 1: it's nasty stuff. And in fact it gets so n
Speaker 1: see that not only does like Hitler start carrying a
Speaker 1: whip and a handgun so that he can like slash
Speaker 1: people's faces open during barbawls, but the Nazis, in order
Speaker 1: to like defend their meetings, develop a powerful and organized
Speaker 1: street fighting arm uh. These guys are called the Storm
Speaker 1: Abtai Lung or the Storm Division, and they were created
Speaker 1: an early nineteen twenty as a hall protection force, like
Speaker 1: a beer hall protection force, for like the meetings that
Speaker 1: the party would hold in Munich. Now, in addition to
Speaker 1: having like a bunch of guys who would show up
Speaker 1: to like crackheads and fight communists, they also opened a
Speaker 1: sports and gymnastics wing which started training their men in boxing,
Speaker 1: jiu jitsu and exercise. And you see the same thing
Speaker 1: with modern fascist there's a lot of fascist and neo
Speaker 1: Nazi m M A. Jim's a strong like lifting culture
Speaker 1: among them, like the Rise Against movement, who are a
Speaker 1: big part of Charlottesville Unite the Right in Charlotte'sville. Like
Speaker 1: you know that that the idea of like Nazis loving
Speaker 1: to get into jiu jitsu. Nothing against jiu jitsu, it's
Speaker 1: rad as hell, but like the fact that they've been
Speaker 1: into it that goes back a century. Doug Man, I'll
Speaker 1: tell you what bro like, Yeah, it's been playing times
Speaker 1: where I'm like I just man, I just do some
Speaker 1: like somebody like metasthetics like plio metrics stuff. Man, I'm
Speaker 1: not going to these gyms just just like you just
Speaker 1: feel like it's just full of these like buck boys,
Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. And now it makes sense.
Speaker 1: It's like, yeah, there's a history of this. Yeah, there's
Speaker 1: a history which is like there's also some pretty rad
Speaker 1: you know, anti fascist like m m A gyms and
Speaker 1: stuff out there. Yeah, because I think it's important to
Speaker 1: train people who aren't Nazis and how to defend themselves
Speaker 1: against But there's a long history of like there's a
Speaker 1: there's a huge like fascist m m A fighting like
Speaker 1: network in Eastern Europe, particularly in Ukraine. Like they'll have
Speaker 1: these big conventions and and competitions and stuff like it's
Speaker 1: a big part of that kind of culture. Um. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so that you know that starts with the Nazis in
Speaker 1: this period. Um, they're doing jiu jitsu in nineteen fucking twenty,
Speaker 1: so that's kind And the Stormtrooper catchphrase in this period
Speaker 1: was a very subtle death to the Jews. So not
Speaker 1: great at keeping a lid on what they're about, you know.
Speaker 1: Now in nineteen Herman Garring was promoted to lead the
Speaker 1: storm moub Tailung, hereafter known as the essay. These are
Speaker 1: the guys that come to be known as the brown Shirts. Now,
Speaker 1: by that point, his men had spent much of the
Speaker 1: last two years and by being a steady diet of
Speaker 1: race hatred and revolutionary fascist propaganda. Wilhelm Bruckner, who was
Speaker 1: the head of the Munich Stormtroopers, told Hitler that year
Speaker 1: that very soon Hitler would be unable to restrain his
Speaker 1: men from doing something. And what Bruckner was warning about
Speaker 1: is the same thing we saw in Washington, d C.
Speaker 1: On the sixth. If you have this movement of young
Speaker 1: men that you gin up with conspiracies about child eating
Speaker 1: pedophiles and the globalist destruction of their race and nation,
Speaker 1: which is exactly the kind of a lot of the
Speaker 1: ship the Nazis are learning hearing this period is like
Speaker 1: q and on ship right, very similar. If you if
Speaker 1: you get a bunch of angry, violent young men obsessed
Speaker 1: with weaponry focused on that ship for years, they will
Speaker 1: demand to go shed blood to stop it at some
Speaker 1: point and you won't be able to stop them. And
Speaker 1: kind of one of the areas where you know Trump
Speaker 1: fucked up is he didn't do anything with them cohesive,
Speaker 1: because I don't think he ever had much of a
Speaker 1: cohesive plan. So they raided the capital and caused a
Speaker 1: crackdown on themselves. It's beyond him now, yeah, it's beyond him. Now.
Speaker 1: Hitler doesn't let it get beyond him. He realizes this
Speaker 1: is happening and that action needs to be taken now.
Speaker 1: For a while he was able to kind of burn
Speaker 1: out this excess energy among his street fighters by having
Speaker 1: them go after journalists and newspaper offices, having them tear
Speaker 1: down political propaganda and beat up left wing canvassers in
Speaker 1: the streets. So he has them assaulting his enemies and
Speaker 1: part to just try to get off this excess energy
Speaker 1: so they don't blow up and like tip their hand
Speaker 1: too early. And of course all of the fighting and
Speaker 1: violence in the street they're doing is very illegal under
Speaker 1: under German law at the time. But the police president Powner,
Speaker 1: who we've talked about earlier, ensured the Nazis faced few consequences.
Speaker 1: And I'm gon quote from McGee's article on the Munich
Speaker 1: political police. At this point, the debt with which the
Speaker 1: Nazi movement owed Powner was real. As police president, Powner
Speaker 1: extended a sheltering hand to protect the activities of the
Speaker 1: nascent Nazi movement. In doing so, he ensured its survival
Speaker 1: and gave it an opportunity for future growth. This passive image, however,
Speaker 1: does little to convey the full dimensions of Powner's commitment
Speaker 1: to both the radical right in general and Nazis in particular.
Speaker 1: As a key figure in Bavarian politics during the post
Speaker 1: war period, Powner actively aided the Volcush movement and occupied
Speaker 1: a central position in its highest councils. And the Vocish
Speaker 1: movement is like all these ideas about the Aryan race
Speaker 1: and the German people that kind of feed into Nazism.
Speaker 1: I mean they had like that judges. Yeah, we'll be
Speaker 1: talking about the judges. Becomes a judge. He's becomes a judge.
Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, these will sitting in court with their legs
Speaker 1: all the way up, feet cross like yeah, yeah, go ahead. Yeah.
Speaker 1: For an example of how biased he was, at one
Speaker 1: point during his time as the chief of police in Munich,
Speaker 1: Powner is asked if he realizes the Nazis are murdering
Speaker 1: people in the streets of Bavaria, and he replies yes,
Speaker 1: but far too few of them. So now, as an aside,
Speaker 1: unrelated to anything we're talking about at present, we now
Speaker 1: know that at least twenty eight police officers were present
Speaker 1: for the storming of the capital on January six. Um.
Speaker 1: I should note that in two thousand eighteen, after a
Speaker 1: series of dueling protests in Portland between left and right
Speaker 1: wing demonstrators that ended with police assaulting and hospitalizing a
Speaker 1: left wing activist, internal planning documents from the police revealed
Speaker 1: that they viewed the fascist activists as quote much more
Speaker 1: mainstream than the anti fascists. There's a long through line,
Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, yeah, that mainstream has quite a subtext.
Speaker 1: It sure does, sure does. Probably so by nineteen three,
Speaker 1: the thrill of beating the ship out of their enemies
Speaker 1: in the streets was wearing thin for the storm Abtai Lung.
Speaker 1: Now roughly two thirds of the Nazi Party membership was
Speaker 1: under the age of thirty one at this point. The
Speaker 1: is our young men who want to drink and fight
Speaker 1: and revolt against the liberals and Jews they see is
Speaker 1: ruining their country. Right, Um, they look a lot like
Speaker 1: the Proud Boys. It's a group of like macho, like
Speaker 1: testosterone loaded young men who drink and probably do a
Speaker 1: lot of like the Proud Boys do a lot of cocaine.
Speaker 1: I'm guessing a lot of these guys are on blow too,
Speaker 1: you know, not uncommon in Germany in that period. So
Speaker 1: Hitler was super on board with getting these guys into
Speaker 1: the fight do largely to what he and the rest
Speaker 1: of the world had watched Benito Mussolini's Black Shirts do
Speaker 1: in Italy the year before, Because again the March on
Speaker 1: Rome is the year before Hitler does his beer hall punch.
Speaker 1: Twenty three is the beer hall punch. And I'm gonna
Speaker 1: quote now from a book called The Trial of Adolf
Speaker 1: Hitler by David King, and that he's this is Hitler
Speaker 1: talking at first. If a German Mussolini is given to Germany,
Speaker 1: Hitler said to a journalist for London's Daily Mail on
Speaker 1: the eve of the push, people would fall down on
Speaker 1: their knees and worship him more than Mussolini has ever
Speaker 1: been worshiped. This journalist was unimpressed. In private, he dismissed
Speaker 1: Hitler as another hot air merchant. But Hitler had in
Speaker 1: fact decided to follow in the Fascist footsteps and march
Speaker 1: on Berlin. The original plan had been to strike on
Speaker 1: Saturday night, November ten. This was, after all, the weekend,
Speaker 1: which Hitler believed was the best time for a revolution.
Speaker 1: Authorities would be away from their desks, police would be
Speaker 1: reduced to a minimal staff, and the lighter traffic would
Speaker 1: not impede on the movement of his trucks and troops.
Speaker 1: So Hitler becomes convinced after seeing Mussolini that like, not
Speaker 1: only did Missolini have some great ideas, but this will
Speaker 1: work even better in Germany, um, because we kind of
Speaker 1: have more of an authoritarian culture. Italy when Mussolini took over,
Speaker 1: had a much longer democratic Germany a lot more authoritarianism.
Speaker 1: Hitler's like, if I present myself the way Mussolini did,
Speaker 1: I'll be even more powerful. People will join me on
Speaker 1: the road to Berlin, and we'll take over the whole country. Now,
Speaker 1: oh my gosh, h Yeah he's not. I mean, he
Speaker 1: was wrong in this instance, but not overall. There's an
Speaker 1: interest thing like um even with that like Germans like
Speaker 1: at the time, propensity towards like authoritarian like I still
Speaker 1: think even and and then their their assualted is towards
Speaker 1: Catholicism when I think about their like Protestant movement um
Speaker 1: being so informed by sort of like reform Calvinist thought
Speaker 1: like this, this idea that like humans are so depraved
Speaker 1: at their core because of sin. You know what I'm saying, Like,
Speaker 1: you can't trust them to make good choices for themselves.
Speaker 1: So you need a strong man in the same way
Speaker 1: that Jesus was your strong man. You know what I'm saying,
Speaker 1: to make to make these answers, to choose these for you,
Speaker 1: because I mean, you're full of sin nature, So why
Speaker 1: would we trust what you would vote for yourselves. No,
Speaker 1: you need a guy. You need a guy, a dude
Speaker 1: in charge that can tell you what's better for you
Speaker 1: because you can't trust your own instincts. And and that
Speaker 1: that theological twist to me, it's like it adds to
Speaker 1: the mythos of how somebody like a good, smooth talking
Speaker 1: Hitler could convince this nation who already got got authoritarian tendencies.
Speaker 1: Now you add in this like this like theological worldview
Speaker 1: to it, it's just like it's just gonna work. It
Speaker 1: does is gonna work. The products and services that support
Speaker 1: this podcast, Oh yeah, that is going to totally deprave
Speaker 1: my Wallet. They are absolutely going to march on Berlin
Speaker 1: and overthrow the Reichstag. Yes, I I think that's been
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Speaker 1: ad Council. We're back. So now Hitler knows he wants
Speaker 1: to march on Berlin. He wants to do a Mussolini
Speaker 1: but better. But he's he's had a dumb guy. He
Speaker 1: realizes that he alone doesn't have a big enough name
Speaker 1: to successfully push Bavaria. He's very popular within Munich and
Speaker 1: the Munich right, he's not a national figure at this point,
Speaker 1: so he has to enlist the help of a national figure,
Speaker 1: and he picked someone he had idolized, General Eric Ludendorff. Now,
Speaker 1: the old General had already tried to take over the
Speaker 1: government once before, right after World War One um and
Speaker 1: had failed at that, but he hadn't really been punished
Speaker 1: because you know, he was the war hero. He's Ludendorff,
Speaker 1: he was the architect of the victory over Russia. Uh.
Speaker 1: He was just very beloved and he was a massive
Speaker 1: figure for the right wing, revered and respected. For his part,
Speaker 1: the old Field Marshal had spent his declining years becoming
Speaker 1: an increasingly massive racist and conspiracy theorist and mostly pushing
Speaker 1: the stab in the back narrative blaming the loss in
Speaker 1: World War One on the Jews all that stuff. You
Speaker 1: could see him as like a General Flynn figure. Um,
Speaker 1: he's he's this very popular among the far right general
Speaker 1: who shacks up with this far right political Now. The
Speaker 1: big difference is that General Flynn has been like profoundly
Speaker 1: loyal to Donald Trump, and Ludendorff just kind of saw
Speaker 1: Hitler as a vector for which he could, you know,
Speaker 1: push his kind of fringe right wing politics became more
Speaker 1: storm and Norman sports cough head ass yeah a little, yeah.
Speaker 1: I mean he's not that yeah, yeah, he's not like
Speaker 1: he's not like, um, loyal to Hitler, but he sees
Speaker 1: Hitler as a guy he can use, and Hitler sees
Speaker 1: Ludendorff as a guy he can use. I feel like
Speaker 1: in that that exact sentence is like was the dagger
Speaker 1: for almost all a political parties, y'all thoughts I could
Speaker 1: uses man like he wasn't. Yeah anyway, yeah, I mean.
Speaker 1: And so Hitler goes to Ludendorf and is like, hey,
Speaker 1: I want to overthrow the government. I want to be
Speaker 1: the dictator, and I want to have you be basically
Speaker 1: like running the country with me. You'll be in charge
Speaker 1: of the army and together will bring Germany back to greatness,
Speaker 1: and Ludendorf gives a soft yes, the kind of yes
Speaker 1: that could mean, to know if like the police came
Speaker 1: to his door and he could say like, but he's like, yeah,
Speaker 1: if you do it, like come on board, I'll take
Speaker 1: over the army if you win, you know, like that's
Speaker 1: the kind of yes. Ludendorf gives him um, but he's
Speaker 1: he's he's on board as long as he doesn't have
Speaker 1: to stick his neck out too much. Is kind of
Speaker 1: like Ludendorf's attitude towards this. So the initial plan for
Speaker 1: the putsch is November ten, but they wound up pushing
Speaker 1: it up by two days kind of at the last minute,
Speaker 1: the Thursday, November eight, because Gustav von Kar who's basically
Speaker 1: he's the General Commissar, he's basically like the governor of
Speaker 1: of of of Munich Um. He's giving a speech at
Speaker 1: the Burger brow Keller beer Hall, which is one of
Speaker 1: Munich's most prestigious places for people to drink heavily and
Speaker 1: do politics. Burger Carl Burger, the Burger Brownber Beer Hall. Yeah, man,
Speaker 1: we need to rename something like that because that's yeah,
Speaker 1: I would still around today. I think really. Yeah, yeah,
Speaker 1: So this is where the putsch actually starts. So Car
Speaker 1: is in charge in Munich, and he is He's been
Speaker 1: brought to power and what some would call a military coup.
Speaker 1: Um it was kind of a soft coup, but basically,
Speaker 1: after the liberal rolls had let the left seize the
Speaker 1: city and revolt, the military made sure that a strongman
Speaker 1: like Car wound up in charge after the you know,
Speaker 1: a year or so later, and Carr had vowed during
Speaker 1: his campaign to turn the city into a cell of
Speaker 1: law and order. Oh god, they keep saying that, keep
Speaker 1: saying that, which just keep saying law and order, but
Speaker 1: just you don't never happens never. Yeah. Yeah. So I'm
Speaker 1: gonna quote from author David King describing cars politics here.
Speaker 1: He welcomed right wing extremists to settle in the region,
Speaker 1: and many of them in turn joined the paramilitary societies
Speaker 1: emerging in the aftermath of the war and revolution. Car
Speaker 1: also organized many of these bands into a loose coalition
Speaker 1: called the Iron Waterweven or Citizens Militia that would soon
Speaker 1: surpass three hundred thousand men. Car would use this volunteer
Speaker 1: home guard and everything from law enforcement to border patrol.
Speaker 1: They were necessary, he said, like a fire brigade. So
Speaker 1: Carr builds this citizen militia, basically a private army of
Speaker 1: himself for his own, to crack down on the left.
Speaker 1: And Germany at this point is forbidden from having much
Speaker 1: of a real military. They're captive about a hundred thousand
Speaker 1: soldiers in the reichs Fair um. And this is a
Speaker 1: part of the Treaty of Versailles. And France realizes that
Speaker 1: Car is raising up thousands and thousands of private soldiers,
Speaker 1: and they complained that he's building a new German army,
Speaker 1: and he's forced to disband his militia. UM. Now this
Speaker 1: pisses off the far right, the fact that Car caves
Speaker 1: and cancels his militia and tells his guys to go home. Um.
Speaker 1: And a lot of them consider him like the fascist
Speaker 1: equivalent of a rhino at this point, you know, a
Speaker 1: republican and name only like they're like cars. Not really
Speaker 1: on the right. What he got cooked by the French
Speaker 1: yea Um. But he's still very popular with the center right,
Speaker 1: and he's seen as something of like a a resistance
Speaker 1: hero um among like the center right. So he's you know,
Speaker 1: he's not like popular on the fringe right, but he's
Speaker 1: popular on the middle right. So in October. Now, another
Speaker 1: thing that's happening at this period of time is, in
Speaker 1: August of nineteen twenty three, Gustav Stresseman is elected Chancellor
Speaker 1: of Germany. Um and right before he comes to power,
Speaker 1: the Germans had begged the Allies for a moratorium on
Speaker 1: reparations payments because the German economy is collapsing in this
Speaker 1: period and they just can't afford it. The French had
Speaker 1: refused to put in a moratorium on payments, and then
Speaker 1: in order to get money out of Germany that Germany
Speaker 1: wasn't sending, they invaded and occupied the Ruhr, which is
Speaker 1: Germany's industrial heartland. So Germany defaults on their payments after,
Speaker 1: like you know, before they invade the rule and like
Speaker 1: the fact that the French invade pisses off all of
Speaker 1: Germany and particularly the German right wing. Yeah so is
Speaker 1: this this again? Yeah, like a little little little human
Speaker 1: in his story here is like, yeah, so you guys
Speaker 1: knew chancellor because they had to write a whole new constitution,
Speaker 1: the rohole new constitution, got a new chancellor. They gotta
Speaker 1: payback Audisy. They destroyed for his war. They already feel
Speaker 1: salty about that, like, damn, I gotta I gotta clean it.
Speaker 1: I gotta pay for artists, you know what I'm saying,
Speaker 1: And in a like literally we're broke, Like God, damn it,
Speaker 1: we're broke, you know what I'm saying. So then and
Speaker 1: then for France to be like, oh, you gonna give
Speaker 1: me my money, They're like what money, Well, they don't
Speaker 1: have anything. What money? We don't have it. Yeah, we
Speaker 1: starved to death on turnips last winter, like we have
Speaker 1: nothing like you saw it. We lost. Damn man, we lost,
Speaker 1: and no we are like we got it. Yeah. And
Speaker 1: this this a lot of the anger at the Treaty
Speaker 1: of Versailles and the way the French are behaving gets
Speaker 1: pushed onto the German liberals, who like because their internationalists
Speaker 1: kind of like try to engage with the French, and
Speaker 1: Gustop stress him and gets elected. And one of the
Speaker 1: first things he does is he orders the end of
Speaker 1: a general strike against the French and the RU and
Speaker 1: he starts resuming reparations payments and this enrages the right
Speaker 1: wing and so and stress him and knows it's going
Speaker 1: to so he has the President of the Reich to
Speaker 1: clear and emergency. The Bavarian government gets piste by this
Speaker 1: because they hate Stressman. They're all very conservative, he's a liberal,
Speaker 1: and they're like, basically, this guy has been cucked by
Speaker 1: the French, and they declare Bavaria to close its own
Speaker 1: state of emergency. Now, the decision to do that was
Speaker 1: made by the Triumvirate that ruled Bavaria, which consisted of
Speaker 1: von Kar General von Lasso, who's in charge of the
Speaker 1: army in Bavaria, and the commander of the state police,
Speaker 1: a guy named Cisser I think. Now, this Triumvirate had
Speaker 1: publicly refused a number of orders from Berlin as a
Speaker 1: show of protest and as red meat to their right
Speaker 1: wing base. So basically it's like a state in the
Speaker 1: United States refusing orders from the federal government because it's
Speaker 1: against what their political base wants. Um. And this is
Speaker 1: mostly for show, because yeah, this is mostly for show, um.
Speaker 1: Because like, the federal government has the ability to deny
Speaker 1: funds to Bavaria, right, which kind of fox them over.
Speaker 1: And so by early November, the Triumvirate is losing heart
Speaker 1: because they wanted to get red meat to their base
Speaker 1: and like improve their own personal popularity by saying fuck
Speaker 1: you to the central government. But they didn't want to
Speaker 1: pay consequences. So they're starting to cave by November. But
Speaker 1: most voters don't know that. And so when von Kar
Speaker 1: takes the stage at the burger Brow beer Hall on
Speaker 1: November eight, the really like a lot of people show
Speaker 1: up because they think he's about to announce that Bavaria
Speaker 1: is seceding from Germany. Um. Now Hitler knows that's not
Speaker 1: gonna happen. He knows that's very unlikely because Hitler sees
Speaker 1: von Kar is basically a moderate. But he also knows
Speaker 1: that a huge crowd, including all of the people running Bavaria,
Speaker 1: are going to be in the beer hall that night,
Speaker 1: which makes it a great place to occupy with armed men.
Speaker 1: If you're going to do a push, if you're pushing,
Speaker 1: you know, that's where you want to put this where
Speaker 1: you push the put. Yeah, this is the beer hall.
Speaker 1: The burger Brow beer Hall is the equivalent of the
Speaker 1: capital on January six. Here it's like where all these
Speaker 1: elected leaders are. If you want to actually capture these people,
Speaker 1: this is where you do it. Um. So he gets
Speaker 1: together his stormtrooper leaders and his key advisors, and they
Speaker 1: work with their police insider, who's a fellow named Frick.
Speaker 1: Because a lot of cops are Nazism. I'm not even
Speaker 1: gonna put like timeline on that. A lot of cops.
Speaker 1: Let's just let a little bit, okay cool, So Frick,
Speaker 1: this cop ensures that the police presence outside the beer
Speaker 1: hall is minimal. Like all of the guys running Bavaria
Speaker 1: are there, but they don't have very many cops protecting them,
Speaker 1: and that's by design to make it easier for the
Speaker 1: storm troopers. So Hitler sets yeah, I know another thing
Speaker 1: that has never happened again, yea. So Hitler's other lackeys,
Speaker 1: the guys who aren't like fighters, get set to the
Speaker 1: organizing propaganda. One man was set was like put to
Speaker 1: the job of organizing the distribution of posters and newspapers
Speaker 1: announcing the Nazi overthrow of the government. Hitler's half American friend,
Speaker 1: a guy named Hunt Stengele that are known as Putsy,
Speaker 1: who's like a Harvard graduate um, was in charge of
Speaker 1: making stir. The foreign press was there without knowing why
Speaker 1: they were there, because Puts a charmer, he's a he's
Speaker 1: a like an aristocrat. Guy. He's good at talking to people.
Speaker 1: He's good talking to like American media, so like the
Speaker 1: New York Times has a guy there on this night. Now,
Speaker 1: Hitler and his entourage show up at the beer hole
Speaker 1: uh that night, like as thousands of people are gathered
Speaker 1: up outside to get in to watch von Kar speak,
Speaker 1: and Hitler's immediately gets out of his I think it's
Speaker 1: a Mercedes, and he's immediately greeted by a crowd of
Speaker 1: three thousand people outside the hall because there is very
Speaker 1: popular in with the right in Munich. So he gets
Speaker 1: mobbed by this crowd who wanted to know if, like
Speaker 1: he knew what von Kar was going to speak about,
Speaker 1: is you know, are we going to succeed? What's happening?
Speaker 1: And Hitler's like, I'm just a guest. I'm here like
Speaker 1: the rest of you. And he goes inside to get
Speaker 1: a beer, and he doesn't get a beer because he
Speaker 1: wants to drink it. Hitler's not really a drinker right now,
Speaker 1: and then he'll he'll like down like um, some champagne
Speaker 1: or something. He's not much of a drinker. He has
Speaker 1: the beer because Garing has warned him, like, hey, we're
Speaker 1: going to try to overthrow the government. We don't want
Speaker 1: people to realize we're onto something early. If you're sitting
Speaker 1: in a beer hole in Munich with a beer, no
Speaker 1: one will suspect that you're planning to break the law
Speaker 1: because it's Munich. Um. So Hitler gets a beer and
Speaker 1: he's like kind of nursing it. Um and Car takes
Speaker 1: the podium. Now, car speech is boring and pointless, in
Speaker 1: a big bummer to everybody. He just starts like he's
Speaker 1: not succeeding. He starts a standard harangue about the evils
Speaker 1: of Marxism, about how Munich was going to fight the
Speaker 1: contagion and quintessential evil of socialism, pretty normal right wing stuff.
Speaker 1: Um And Hitler is reported to have asked his men
Speaker 1: during cars speech, does anyone understand what he's talking about? Like?
Speaker 1: What the fund is this guy doing up there? Him? Yeah,
Speaker 1: well this is going on while you know, Hitler and
Speaker 1: his kind of inner circle or watching Car speak, and
Speaker 1: this beer hall has got thousands of people in it.
Speaker 1: Hitler's stormtroopers are assembling nearby. Now, a twenty six year
Speaker 1: old cigar a dealer named Josef was the quartermaster. And
Speaker 1: so he basically like as the troops assembled, he starts
Speaker 1: handing out rifles and machine guns and grenades to several
Speaker 1: dozen of the Nazi Party's best fighters, the men of
Speaker 1: Stostrip Hitler or the Hitler Assault Squad. Now, these guys
Speaker 1: wore a gray military uniform with a silver Death's Head
Speaker 1: badge on their caps. The star Strup would wind up
Speaker 1: evolving into the shoot Staffle, which is the infamous SS right, Like,
Speaker 1: that's the the guys who, among other things, man the
Speaker 1: concentration camps. At this point, they're Hitler street fighters, um,
Speaker 1: and are responsible for protecting him and stuff. And these
Speaker 1: are the guys he's going to use to be the
Speaker 1: the armed fist of his push. Now, before the putch,
Speaker 1: Hitler had given his fighters a few suggestions for how
Speaker 1: to behave He had told them cruelty impresses, and don't
Speaker 1: leave a fight unless you're being carried out dead. God,
Speaker 1: these are disorders, screen light. Look you only had the
Speaker 1: only way you leave is in a bag. Yeah, these
Speaker 1: guys are sucking. Um. You know, he's a gangster. This
Speaker 1: is a gangster regime. A lot of people at the time, actually,
Speaker 1: like a lot of American newspapermen in the twenties and
Speaker 1: thirties will say this about the Nazis. These people are
Speaker 1: working gangsters. Yeah yeah, Now, a little before eight thirty pm,
Speaker 1: a hundred stormtroopers swarmed the premises of the Burger Brow
Speaker 1: and entered the beer hall, shouting Heil Hitler and waving guns.
Speaker 1: Herman Gering, who led the assault team, told the police
Speaker 1: officers outside that the government was being overthrown. The dozen
Speaker 1: or so cops there were easily overpowered. Garing and his
Speaker 1: men secured the building, and as he entered he called
Speaker 1: for quiet. Now everybody's drunk at this point, so they
Speaker 1: don't get quiet. So he has to shoot into the
Speaker 1: roof with his handgun. Then he liked basically hands things
Speaker 1: over to Hitler, who pulls off his trench coat to
Speaker 1: reveal a black suit with two iron crosses pinned to
Speaker 1: his lapel. And I'm gonna quote next from a right
Speaker 1: up by Douglas oh Linder. He jumped up on a table,
Speaker 1: pulled out a pistol, and fired two shots into the ceilings.
Speaker 1: The second guy who's fired into the ceiling that night,
Speaker 1: it keeps happening. It happened several more drinking guys and
Speaker 1: fired two shots into the ceiling silence, he yelled. Then
Speaker 1: Hitler and several supporters pushed their way to the front
Speaker 1: of the room and confronted speaker Car at the podium.
Speaker 1: Stormtroopers pointed a machine gun at the crowd. Many who
Speaker 1: were in the audience leader said that they suspected they
Speaker 1: were about to witness an assassination. Hitler shouted to the crowd,
Speaker 1: Then national revolution has begun. Six hundred armed men are
Speaker 1: occupying this hall. No one may leave. The governments of
Speaker 1: Bavaria and in Berlin have been overthrown. Army barracks and
Speaker 1: police headquarters are now under the control of this party.
Speaker 1: None of this was true, but Hitler hoped and suspected
Speaker 1: that it would be soon enough. Hitler then told car
Speaker 1: and two other important political leaders, General von Lasso and
Speaker 1: Colonel von Seisser, that they should join him in a
Speaker 1: side room for a conversation about Bavaria's future. After the
Speaker 1: men leave, Garing told the crowd, you all have your beer,
Speaker 1: keep drinking. You have nothing to worry about. It's gonna
Speaker 1: be fine. It's just a butch. Chill out, guys. Nobody
Speaker 1: has to die. Man, keep drinking. Just no I'm in charge.
Speaker 1: That's it. Yeah, we're in charge where the Nazis. It's fine,
Speaker 1: it's fine. So Hitler's goal was to convince the Triumvirate
Speaker 1: to back his plan. He wanted Bavaria's army units and
Speaker 1: police on his side. He doesn't want to fight these guys.
Speaker 1: His plan is to do a grander version of what
Speaker 1: Mussolini had done and start marching with ten's basically all
Speaker 1: of the right wingers in the military of Bavaria and
Speaker 1: start marching up to Berlin. And he imagines thousands of
Speaker 1: people are going to join them on the way, and
Speaker 1: once they reach Berlin, they're going to overthrow the liberal
Speaker 1: government easily in institute of fascist state run by Hitler
Speaker 1: and Ludendorff. And of course for that to happen, they
Speaker 1: can't get bogged down fighting the Bavarian state right now. Seisser,
Speaker 1: loss Ou and car were all pretty close to being
Speaker 1: fascists themselves. But these guys are all state loyal right,
Speaker 1: they're not revolutionaries. They don't want to overthrow the government.
Speaker 1: They want the government to change into a more right
Speaker 1: wing government. But they're not like bomb throwers like Hitler
Speaker 1: is um. So they didn't want to follow this weird
Speaker 1: little Nazi guy in open rebellion against the state. Now,
Speaker 1: Hitler tried to smooth talk them. He promised them cushy
Speaker 1: positions in the new regime. Car is a monarchist and
Speaker 1: Hitler tells him like, hey, man, I'm gonna bring back
Speaker 1: the King of Bavaria and you can be his envoy
Speaker 1: to the government. Isn't that like your dream? Um? Right? Yeah,
Speaker 1: So they risk this um Car and Lasso and everyone
Speaker 1: like they're not they're not on board with this, And
Speaker 1: before very long, Hitler did what Hitler's do, and he
Speaker 1: starts threatening to murder them at gunpoint. Now, Ludendorff, who
Speaker 1: like when the occupation of the beer hall starts, Ludendorff
Speaker 1: like some Nazi show up at his house and you're like, hey,
Speaker 1: you know that thing you kind of agreed to, we're
Speaker 1: doing it. Ludendorff like shows up and it's like, okay,
Speaker 1: I guess we'll see if this works. And he's kind
Speaker 1: of horrified by Hitler's behavior because Ludendorf is a he's
Speaker 1: like a classic imperial German manners dude, right, there are
Speaker 1: ways in which you, especially these people are nobles. You
Speaker 1: don't you don't point a gun in their face, right,
Speaker 1: Like that's very ghost and he's not. He doesn't like
Speaker 1: Hitler in a lot of ways because Hitler's a fucking,
Speaker 1: you know, kind of a peon to him, but he's not,
Speaker 1: you know, he's he's he's gotten acclimatized to being in
Speaker 1: high society. Hitler is very much crude, um damn. And
Speaker 1: Ludendorf is kind of like horrified by this, but he's
Speaker 1: he's still on board with the general plan because he
Speaker 1: wants to take over the government and institute the right
Speaker 1: wing military dictatorship. And eventually, now that once Ludendorff shows
Speaker 1: up to these guys, car And and Lasso and Sisser
Speaker 1: kind of agree to help the putsch and agree to
Speaker 1: like basically put the powers of the Bavarian state behind
Speaker 1: Hitler's push attempt. And they didn't really mean it, but
Speaker 1: a guy was threatening to murder them, so they're like,
Speaker 1: all right, yeah, yeah. Now, while this was happening, different
Speaker 1: armed groups of Nazis were out capturing key parts of
Speaker 1: the city. The Bavarian War Ministry was taken by Ernst
Speaker 1: Rome and his men, including young Heinrich Himler, and they
Speaker 1: proceeded to fortify it. Another group of four hundred stormtroopers
Speaker 1: was sent to take guns and equipment from the Army
Speaker 1: Engineer barracks. Now this is a very fun story because
Speaker 1: these Nazis all show up and the captain on duty
Speaker 1: who's like in charge of handing out guns and stuff.
Speaker 1: They're like, hey, we're here to do maneuvers. Can we
Speaker 1: borrow the guns? Um? And the captain realizes something is
Speaker 1: very fi she and it's like, you can use the guns,
Speaker 1: but you can't go on maneuvers outside. You got to
Speaker 1: show up inside and like the big gymnasium and then
Speaker 1: I'll hand you the guns there and you can do
Speaker 1: your maneuvers inside. And so all four hundred Nazis go
Speaker 1: into the gymnasium and he locks it from the outside. Brilliant, brilliant.
Speaker 1: Yeah here here, bro, Yeah, yeah, I got you us
Speaker 1: right here there, Yeah, right inside the door, I got you. Yeah.
Speaker 1: This guy's name should be remembered. His name is Captain
Speaker 1: Oscar Canceler, and he ruled. He he saves the German
Speaker 1: state that night. He definitely stays at least for a
Speaker 1: little while. You know, it didn't last, but he did
Speaker 1: his bit um. So the Nazis who were locked inside
Speaker 1: couldn't call Hitler to let him know they had the
Speaker 1: guns and we're ready to take part in the push.
Speaker 1: And Hitler was waiting for that call. Right, He's got
Speaker 1: teams going out and seizing places in the city, and
Speaker 1: he realizes, like, these dudes haven't called in from the
Speaker 1: barracks yet, right, something must be wrong. And this was
Speaker 1: a key part of his intricate plan. Uh and he knew.
Speaker 1: So this kind of puts Hitler in a bind. Um.
Speaker 1: He knew that the triumvirate were not enthusiastic about this plan,
Speaker 1: and if if he was going to keep them enthusiastic
Speaker 1: and like kind of forced them to be enthusiastic his men,
Speaker 1: And we're going to have to be in total control
Speaker 1: of the city, right, if he could, if he could
Speaker 1: really be in charge in Munich, they weren't going to
Speaker 1: fight him. They give the army the orders to go
Speaker 1: along with it, right because they don't want to die.
Speaker 1: But he's got to actually be in charge. And making
Speaker 1: his first critical mistake, Hitler desize it's necessary for him
Speaker 1: to leave the Burger Brow beer hall late that night
Speaker 1: to see what's going on at the Engineer barracks. And
Speaker 1: he leaves Ludendorff alone with the triumvirate. This is a
Speaker 1: bad call. Oh, So Hitler and his Nazis know these
Speaker 1: guys are captives. He knows that he's holding them against
Speaker 1: their will. He knows that if they're agreeing, it's they're
Speaker 1: not really that on board with the idea. Ludendorff again
Speaker 1: is kind of not being told the entire truth about
Speaker 1: what's happening, and he thinks these guys are fellow German patriots,
Speaker 1: right um. And he also thought they looked heared you know,
Speaker 1: it's been a long night. And he's like, do you
Speaker 1: guys want to go home and like take a nap
Speaker 1: or something, And they're like, yeah, we would like to
Speaker 1: go home. And he's like, bro, yeah, man, you guys
Speaker 1: are German officers. I, as a German officer, know that
Speaker 1: no German officer would ever lie. Give me your word
Speaker 1: of honor that you'll come back to help us finish
Speaker 1: the coup tomorrow. Yeah, yeah, yeah, we'll be back. What's
Speaker 1: time we'll be yeah, they say, of course we'll come back,
Speaker 1: of course. Bro, what's I what's I like? Tan? Yeah, yeah, yeah,
Speaker 1: we'll see you in the morning. Yeah. So some of
Speaker 1: the Nazis. There are Nazis in the room too, and
Speaker 1: they see Ludendorff doing this, they're like, dude, they're not
Speaker 1: gonna come back. And Ludendorff gets pissed at them, and
Speaker 1: he's like, I forbid anyone in this room from doubting
Speaker 1: the word of a German officer. How dare you? Yeah,
Speaker 1: when I was a kid, uh, you know, the like
Speaker 1: the clue you was about to get knocked out but
Speaker 1: robbed by somebody like hey, hey, hey, hey, I'll borrow
Speaker 1: you a phone right quick, let me use your phone. Yeah,
Speaker 1: Well you would look and be like, don't get that
Speaker 1: man your phone. Do not walk over there and get
Speaker 1: at mean, what are you talking my many? You just
Speaker 1: want to borrow my phone. Don't give him your phone?
Speaker 1: And what do you do? You keep walking bro like hey,
Speaker 1: hey man, come on, let me just use it right quick? No,
Speaker 1: man like like you know what do you what do you?
Speaker 1: What do you? What are you doing? What are you doing? Well?
Speaker 1: There it is now you're now you're sleeping. Hey, just
Speaker 1: put you to sleep, and your barefoot The guy just
Speaker 1: stole your shoes. I told you not to. Yeah, so
Speaker 1: that that's totally funny. Like the guys in room saying yeah.
Speaker 1: The boss is like, yeah, let him go take a nap,
Speaker 1: and the dudes are like, hey, I don't think that's
Speaker 1: a good idea. Man, you really think they're gonna come back? Like,
Speaker 1: I don't think they're gonna come back. Hey, boss, maybe
Speaker 1: you shouldn't let them leave you kind of seeing this
Speaker 1: why Ludendorff didn't win the war, right, like this good idea? Coach, Yeah,
Speaker 1: hey boss, this might not be the plan. So that
Speaker 1: is where we're gonna leave it in part one. General
Speaker 1: Ludendorff the genius of German military tactics. It's just let
Speaker 1: everyone go that he needs in order to make Germans
Speaker 1: don't lie, German officers don't lie. Um, I swear to
Speaker 1: you're coming back. I'll bring back. Yeah, absolutely tons of coffee.
Speaker 1: We're gonna we're gonna putch the hell out of this state.
Speaker 1: Give me a minute, Yeah, let me get a nap.
Speaker 1: Um prop you want to plug any plug doubles before
Speaker 1: we roll out and then man I do. Yeah, you
Speaker 1: can follow me on all the things. Proper hip hop
Speaker 1: got a podcast called The Politics will Prop that um
Speaker 1: given all the good takes, uh and UM I got
Speaker 1: some T shirts and music. A lot of music rolling
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Speaker 1: all that is like the highest quality. Like I wear
Speaker 1: his shirts all the time. Yeah, I try to. They're
Speaker 1: all they're all like, they're all like you know, uh,
Speaker 1: ethically sourced and recyclable material. Yeah. Yeah, So that's me
Speaker 1: highly recommend And you can find me somewhere on the
Speaker 1: internet if if you first told me in your heart,
Speaker 1: but only then, only if I am with you. You
Speaker 1: can follow me on Twitter. I'm underscore, Sophie Underscore. Why yeah,
Speaker 1: happy plugged for myself. You should and uh yeah, check
Speaker 1: out Sophie, check out prop find me in your heart
Speaker 1: and come back on Thursday to hear the thrilling conclusion
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