1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,960 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:08,920 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology? With 3 00:00:09,039 --> 00:00:17,880 Speaker 1: tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Hello again, everyone, 4 00:00:17,920 --> 00:00:20,040 Speaker 1: and welcome to tech stuff. My name is Chris Poulett, 5 00:00:20,040 --> 00:00:22,720 Speaker 1: and I'm an editor here at how stuff works dot Com. 6 00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:26,160 Speaker 1: Sitting across from me as usually senior writer Jonathan Strickland. 7 00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:29,760 Speaker 1: Since you've abandoned me, my whole life has crashed. Won't 8 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:32,199 Speaker 1: you pick the pieces up? Because it feels just like 9 00:00:32,240 --> 00:00:37,240 Speaker 1: I'm walking on broken glass. One of the best music 10 00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:41,960 Speaker 1: videos ever. Hugh Laurie is in that music video and 11 00:00:42,040 --> 00:00:44,880 Speaker 1: John Malkovich is in that music video. I didn't realize. 12 00:00:44,880 --> 00:00:47,640 Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, it's funny. Okay, Hugh Laurie. This was 13 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:50,760 Speaker 1: Hugh Laurie pre House, so back when Hugh Laurie was 14 00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:56,680 Speaker 1: still known as the British comedian, not the American dramatic actor. 15 00:00:57,520 --> 00:01:00,640 Speaker 1: Still British actually British dramac actor playing in a wreckon character. 16 00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 1: So anyway, yes, we were going to talk about a 17 00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:10,680 Speaker 1: glass related topic today, I studied any Lenox. Oh no, yes, no, 18 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:14,560 Speaker 1: we're gonna talk about gorilla glass. That's that is correct 19 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:18,320 Speaker 1: and uh, gorilla glass for those of you who are 20 00:01:18,880 --> 00:01:22,920 Speaker 1: a fan of all kinds of little electronic things, uh, 21 00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:27,360 Speaker 1: has become very popular um and and some weird way 22 00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:30,720 Speaker 1: a matter of some speculation in the electronics industry because 23 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:34,600 Speaker 1: a lot of people want uh there uh smartphones and 24 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:38,120 Speaker 1: tablets and whatever else that they have that uses glass 25 00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:41,640 Speaker 1: and beeps um to have this glass. Yeah, it's this 26 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:47,000 Speaker 1: damage resistant glass. It is scratch resistant, it is impact resistant. Uh, 27 00:01:47,040 --> 00:01:51,200 Speaker 1: it's it's very thin, it's lightweight. So it's it's this 28 00:01:51,280 --> 00:01:53,960 Speaker 1: glass that provides a lot of protection but does not 29 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:59,760 Speaker 1: add uh an appreciable amount to a device's weight or thickness. 30 00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:04,400 Speaker 1: So any any manufacturer that's looking to make really thin, sexy, 31 00:02:04,560 --> 00:02:08,000 Speaker 1: sleek gadgets, this is the sort of stuff they look 32 00:02:08,040 --> 00:02:10,560 Speaker 1: at in order so that you know, they don't sacrifice 33 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:15,080 Speaker 1: ruggedness just to get something sleeking and sexy. Because if 34 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:17,600 Speaker 1: you get a really neat gadget that has let's say 35 00:02:17,639 --> 00:02:22,240 Speaker 1: a touch screen display, and you after like using it 36 00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:25,000 Speaker 1: for maybe a month, you start seeing little scratches or 37 00:02:25,120 --> 00:02:29,000 Speaker 1: nicks in it, that might cheese you off a little bit. 38 00:02:29,680 --> 00:02:33,560 Speaker 1: Because these things don't tend to be very cheap, right, correct, 39 00:02:33,639 --> 00:02:37,280 Speaker 1: So you want to have something that's resistant to damage, 40 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:39,359 Speaker 1: so that you know you're not you're not you don't 41 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:41,520 Speaker 1: feel like it's falling apart a month after you bought it. 42 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:44,720 Speaker 1: I hate it when that happens. And gorilla glass is 43 00:02:44,760 --> 00:02:47,400 Speaker 1: kind of a solution to that. Now, gorilla glass is 44 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:52,200 Speaker 1: a proprietary term, is owned by its trademarked by Corning, 45 00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:56,679 Speaker 1: and uh, it's a uh it's an interesting development. In fact, 46 00:02:56,880 --> 00:02:59,240 Speaker 1: it's it's so odd because you don't normally hear about 47 00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:03,799 Speaker 1: component of gadgets becoming famous on their own, unless it's 48 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:07,160 Speaker 1: like a microprocessor, right, yeah, I mean you think about 49 00:03:07,160 --> 00:03:10,400 Speaker 1: the uh, the guts of of things we talked about. 50 00:03:11,240 --> 00:03:13,480 Speaker 1: You know, things like the WE remote and all the 51 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:16,760 Speaker 1: parts in it are off the shelf pieces. But I 52 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:21,120 Speaker 1: can't really actually name any of the accelerometers or you know, 53 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:23,480 Speaker 1: the other stuff. I mean, I know they're in there, 54 00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:25,840 Speaker 1: but I don't know what who makes each chip and 55 00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:27,400 Speaker 1: what it is. And I'm sure there are some people 56 00:03:27,440 --> 00:03:29,840 Speaker 1: that can. It's not like well, yeah, especially people make 57 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:31,760 Speaker 1: them or are obsessed with it. But let's say that 58 00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:34,440 Speaker 1: you know you're picking out a smartphone. You don't necessarily 59 00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:39,520 Speaker 1: know or care who made the microphone in that smartphone. Yeah, 60 00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:42,280 Speaker 1: you might say, I I have my my phone has 61 00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:45,920 Speaker 1: a one gigga Hurts processor in it. Really who made it? Yeah? 62 00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:50,040 Speaker 1: You might. You might even know that, So microprocessors you 63 00:03:50,120 --> 00:03:52,400 Speaker 1: might know. And gorilla glass has started to become that. 64 00:03:52,440 --> 00:03:54,440 Speaker 1: And it's kind of interesting that gorilla glass could become 65 00:03:54,480 --> 00:03:57,440 Speaker 1: like a rock star in the in the gadget world. 66 00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:00,560 Speaker 1: But at the same time it is really impressed of stuff. 67 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:04,440 Speaker 1: I've actually seen some demonstrations of this glass in person, 68 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:05,800 Speaker 1: and I got to talk to some of the people 69 00:04:05,800 --> 00:04:08,280 Speaker 1: who make it, and it's pretty neat. I mean, you 70 00:04:08,280 --> 00:04:11,480 Speaker 1: would see a demonstration where they would take a regular 71 00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:14,080 Speaker 1: glass and it was like a little sheet of glass 72 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:15,760 Speaker 1: as if you would you know, about the size that 73 00:04:15,800 --> 00:04:19,160 Speaker 1: you would see on say a smartphone, all right, and 74 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:21,320 Speaker 1: they would have a little dot on the glass that 75 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:23,760 Speaker 1: would show you where to concentrate. It was like the 76 00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:26,360 Speaker 1: center of the of the glass. It would be wrapped 77 00:04:26,440 --> 00:04:30,160 Speaker 1: up in in plastic that's resistant to damage, and they 78 00:04:30,160 --> 00:04:34,640 Speaker 1: would give people a little metal uh pointer essentially as 79 00:04:34,640 --> 00:04:37,640 Speaker 1: we're like rounded at the end. And the idea kind 80 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:41,760 Speaker 1: of like a stylis for a yeah, similar to a stylist, 81 00:04:41,760 --> 00:04:43,919 Speaker 1: except even more rounded than that. And the purpose for 82 00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:47,000 Speaker 1: it is to apply pressure to that piece of glass 83 00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 1: to see how much pressure it takes to break the 84 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:51,280 Speaker 1: piece of glass. And over and over and over again, 85 00:04:51,279 --> 00:04:53,159 Speaker 1: I saw people step up and they come up to 86 00:04:53,200 --> 00:04:56,240 Speaker 1: the first piece that's the untreated glass, and you know, 87 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:59,120 Speaker 1: just without very much pressure at all, it shatters all right. 88 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:01,600 Speaker 1: The second piece of glass was treated glass, and they 89 00:05:01,600 --> 00:05:03,440 Speaker 1: would press against that and they had to put a 90 00:05:03,440 --> 00:05:05,640 Speaker 1: little more effort into it, but eventually it would have 91 00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:07,920 Speaker 1: some cracks or it would even you know, shatter. And 92 00:05:07,960 --> 00:05:09,880 Speaker 1: then they come up to the gorilla glass. And over 93 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:13,400 Speaker 1: and over I saw people putting their entire weight behind 94 00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:16,600 Speaker 1: this thing, like they're constraining their weight on this tiny 95 00:05:16,640 --> 00:05:19,800 Speaker 1: little point. Right the surface area is very small, so 96 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:22,719 Speaker 1: the pressure is intense, and yet the gorilla glass was 97 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:25,599 Speaker 1: standing up to that punishment. And they showed other elements 98 00:05:25,600 --> 00:05:28,280 Speaker 1: as well, like a ball drop test where they would 99 00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:31,440 Speaker 1: uh drop a weight onto the gorilla glass and show 100 00:05:31,440 --> 00:05:34,080 Speaker 1: that it could withstand impacts. And they would do scratch 101 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:37,120 Speaker 1: tests as well, where they would take say keys and 102 00:05:37,240 --> 00:05:39,640 Speaker 1: scratch it against the glass and regular glass. You know, 103 00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:41,919 Speaker 1: you would see these marks and on gorilla glass it 104 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:44,200 Speaker 1: was really resisting it. So we wanted to talk a 105 00:05:44,279 --> 00:05:46,440 Speaker 1: little bit about the company of Corning, and then we're 106 00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:49,200 Speaker 1: going to talk about exactly, well not exactly because a 107 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:52,160 Speaker 1: lot of this information is proprietary, but generally how they 108 00:05:52,200 --> 00:05:56,960 Speaker 1: go about creating glass that can withstand this sort of damage. Well, 109 00:05:57,160 --> 00:06:01,240 Speaker 1: Corning is a company known for its innovation, UM, and 110 00:06:01,279 --> 00:06:04,520 Speaker 1: it is certainly not a new player in the world 111 00:06:04,520 --> 00:06:07,760 Speaker 1: of glass. Now Corning is uh. You know, we've we've 112 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:10,120 Speaker 1: done the history of some companies on here. We probably 113 00:06:10,120 --> 00:06:13,400 Speaker 1: wouldn't do the history of Corning, but the Cording website 114 00:06:13,480 --> 00:06:17,240 Speaker 1: actually goes into quite some detail. There's a really cool 115 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:20,560 Speaker 1: timeline and you look at the stuff that's happened in 116 00:06:20,560 --> 00:06:22,880 Speaker 1: the company's past. I'll just touch on a few of 117 00:06:22,920 --> 00:06:25,680 Speaker 1: these that I thought were relevant. UM. I mean they 118 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:28,200 Speaker 1: were they were starting in eighteen seventy nine, and this 119 00:06:28,279 --> 00:06:30,400 Speaker 1: is this will give you an idea of of why 120 00:06:30,440 --> 00:06:33,919 Speaker 1: the company might be interested in in innovation and creating 121 00:06:33,920 --> 00:06:36,880 Speaker 1: new products. UM. Corning was one of the companies asked 122 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:40,719 Speaker 1: to come up with bulbs for Edison's light bulb in 123 00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:44,919 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy nine, and eight apparently was about half of 124 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:49,600 Speaker 1: the company's business was making the bulbs for for light bulbs. UM. 125 00:06:49,680 --> 00:06:52,000 Speaker 1: And you know this is really when in the early 126 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:54,560 Speaker 1: part of the twentieth century the company really got interested 127 00:06:54,560 --> 00:06:57,359 Speaker 1: in and coming up with new kinds of products. The 128 00:06:57,440 --> 00:07:01,000 Speaker 1: railroad industry asked Corning to come up with glass that 129 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:03,880 Speaker 1: would resist they could use for railroad lights because the 130 00:07:03,960 --> 00:07:07,400 Speaker 1: railroad industry was was of such critical importance at that 131 00:07:07,520 --> 00:07:10,720 Speaker 1: point in the in the United States history. Um, they 132 00:07:10,760 --> 00:07:15,040 Speaker 1: needed lights that would resist breaking um. And you know 133 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:18,280 Speaker 1: due to temperature, because they were deployed in all parts 134 00:07:18,280 --> 00:07:20,880 Speaker 1: of the the uh, the country and all over the world, really, 135 00:07:20,920 --> 00:07:23,120 Speaker 1: I guess. And the lights need to be you know, 136 00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:26,400 Speaker 1: intense so that engineers could conductors could see the lights. 137 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:28,640 Speaker 1: So that meant that with a really intense light you 138 00:07:28,640 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: get a lot of heat. So the glass had to 139 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:34,040 Speaker 1: be resistant to heat. Just because of that. That that's true. 140 00:07:34,200 --> 00:07:38,000 Speaker 1: That's true, and also the vibration of trains sure um 141 00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:45,680 Speaker 1: and uh also jackalopes um. And in one of the 142 00:07:45,120 --> 00:07:48,840 Speaker 1: h researchers at Corning, Jesse Littleton Um asked his wife 143 00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:52,560 Speaker 1: to his who was named Bessie Jesse and Bessie Um 144 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:54,120 Speaker 1: he gave her a piece of glass to make a 145 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:59,600 Speaker 1: cake on UM and the the glass held up to 146 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:02,480 Speaker 1: the heat of the oven making cake on it. And 147 00:08:02,520 --> 00:08:07,080 Speaker 1: two years later they released Pyrex, the glass that you see, 148 00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:11,760 Speaker 1: and I have a Pirex mixing dish at home. Products. 149 00:08:12,360 --> 00:08:15,320 Speaker 1: Used them in a class in school for their they're 150 00:08:15,320 --> 00:08:17,960 Speaker 1: known for their lab products. I didn't realize that Pirates 151 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:21,120 Speaker 1: was actually a brand name owned by Corning UM. In 152 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:24,920 Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties UH. Corning was working on cathode ray 153 00:08:24,960 --> 00:08:29,200 Speaker 1: tubes for experimental TVs and they were making regular c 154 00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:34,120 Speaker 1: r T s UM. The J. Franklin Hyde came up 155 00:08:34,160 --> 00:08:36,680 Speaker 1: with silicones, which are sort of a cross between glass 156 00:08:36,720 --> 00:08:40,240 Speaker 1: and plastic. Again, this is kind of UH, this is 157 00:08:40,320 --> 00:08:42,640 Speaker 1: kind of related, and they were. They actually ended up 158 00:08:43,360 --> 00:08:48,679 Speaker 1: using related research on things like spacecraft windows and telescope 159 00:08:48,679 --> 00:08:53,360 Speaker 1: mirrors and optical fiber. That's cool. UM s Donald Stookey 160 00:08:53,520 --> 00:08:57,440 Speaker 1: came up with an idea UM for UH working on 161 00:08:57,520 --> 00:09:01,400 Speaker 1: a project in Nineto with photosensitive glass. When the oven overheated, 162 00:09:01,760 --> 00:09:04,360 Speaker 1: but the glass came out and it was milky white. 163 00:09:05,240 --> 00:09:07,480 Speaker 1: And you may have some of this in your house 164 00:09:07,559 --> 00:09:10,480 Speaker 1: if you have Corning where this is where this came from. 165 00:09:10,480 --> 00:09:13,480 Speaker 1: He was trying an experience experiment with photosensitive glass, and 166 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:15,679 Speaker 1: it turned he realized that it wouldn't break when you 167 00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:19,280 Speaker 1: dropped it. Just on personal note, boy, how do it 168 00:09:19,280 --> 00:09:21,440 Speaker 1: will hurt if you drop it on your foot? But 169 00:09:21,559 --> 00:09:24,240 Speaker 1: it is extremely resilient. I have my mom's old corning 170 00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:26,200 Speaker 1: where that I got his hand me down stuff and 171 00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:30,719 Speaker 1: it it's it's held up very well. UM and then 172 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:33,720 Speaker 1: in I mean, there's there's many more, but there's one 173 00:09:33,760 --> 00:09:35,679 Speaker 1: I really wanted to talk about because it really has 174 00:09:35,720 --> 00:09:38,200 Speaker 1: a lot to do with the manufacturing of guerrilla glass. 175 00:09:38,920 --> 00:09:42,200 Speaker 1: Stuart Docherty and Clint Shake came up with the fusion 176 00:09:42,320 --> 00:09:47,480 Speaker 1: overflow process UM. And this is a situation where molten 177 00:09:47,520 --> 00:09:53,880 Speaker 1: glass overflows, uh the the um reservoir that it's in, 178 00:09:54,080 --> 00:09:57,320 Speaker 1: and it pours down both sides of a tapered trough. 179 00:09:57,520 --> 00:09:59,880 Speaker 1: So if you think of it's sort of like a 180 00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:02,240 Speaker 1: hear drop where it's wide at the top and narrower 181 00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:04,800 Speaker 1: at the bottom. The glass is flowing down both sides 182 00:10:05,480 --> 00:10:08,640 Speaker 1: UM and it rejoins and fuses underneath. And they could 183 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:13,720 Speaker 1: uh this helped Corning develop liquid crystal glass substrates and 184 00:10:14,360 --> 00:10:18,280 Speaker 1: is sort of related to grill inflecturing process. Yeah, we'll 185 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:20,680 Speaker 1: get into that in a minute. Um, just a couple 186 00:10:20,760 --> 00:10:24,240 Speaker 1: other things. Optical fiber was a Corning invention in nineteen 187 00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:28,120 Speaker 1: seventy by doctors Robert Maher, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz. 188 00:10:28,160 --> 00:10:31,199 Speaker 1: These guys are incredibly smart. Yeah, well they made it 189 00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:33,200 Speaker 1: in the National Inventor's Hall of Fame and also got 190 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:37,440 Speaker 1: the National Medal of Technology. Um, catalytic converters and cars. 191 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:42,000 Speaker 1: That that honeycomb stuff is apparently glass. I didn't realize 192 00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:46,320 Speaker 1: that or in at least in some cases. Um. And 193 00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:52,160 Speaker 1: then uh, you talk about stem cell research. Um, they 194 00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:54,880 Speaker 1: have a Corning developed a kind of glass called synthemax. 195 00:10:55,040 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: Actually I think it's it's not really glass glass. It's 196 00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:00,400 Speaker 1: it's a synthetic and animal free surface. Because apparent stem 197 00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:05,120 Speaker 1: cells require animal they to grow animal stem cells, you 198 00:11:05,120 --> 00:11:09,000 Speaker 1: have to have animal tissue, and synthomax uh basically takes 199 00:11:09,040 --> 00:11:11,080 Speaker 1: that out of the equation. You can grow stem cells 200 00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:17,280 Speaker 1: on synthomax, thereby preventing you from having to. Uh. So 201 00:11:17,400 --> 00:11:20,160 Speaker 1: that uh, you know, that's that's pretty neat stuff. And 202 00:11:20,160 --> 00:11:23,040 Speaker 1: and that's that's like science fiction stuff, is what that is. 203 00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,320 Speaker 1: It kind of is. But you know, just obviously you've 204 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:28,000 Speaker 1: heard you've probably heard of a lot of these things, 205 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:31,400 Speaker 1: things like corning Ware and pyrex Um. I didn't realize 206 00:11:31,400 --> 00:11:34,720 Speaker 1: that they had such a hand in optical fiber, which 207 00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:37,640 Speaker 1: is something we've done a podcast on but not really 208 00:11:37,640 --> 00:11:40,440 Speaker 1: surprising given the history of the company. But Guerrilla Glass 209 00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:43,679 Speaker 1: does use some of this technology. Because we were talking 210 00:11:43,679 --> 00:11:46,199 Speaker 1: about the fusion over overflow process and I guess it's 211 00:11:46,280 --> 00:11:48,920 Speaker 1: we should really talk about how we make Guerrilla glass 212 00:11:49,040 --> 00:11:51,080 Speaker 1: and how they make Grilla glass. Interesting, So I haven't 213 00:11:51,080 --> 00:11:53,000 Speaker 1: been making a lot of it here it turns out 214 00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: that we don't have the robotic arms necessary for this 215 00:11:56,120 --> 00:11:59,520 Speaker 1: um part. Well, first of all, let's to to kind 216 00:11:59,520 --> 00:12:01,600 Speaker 1: of a step back. We'll talk about how you make 217 00:12:01,640 --> 00:12:07,920 Speaker 1: glass in general, because their glasses are naturally occurring substance, right, Yeah, 218 00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:11,960 Speaker 1: this isn't something chemically made in in you know, that 219 00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:14,560 Speaker 1: is designed by people. This is something that you could 220 00:12:14,600 --> 00:12:18,400 Speaker 1: find in nature. Nature. Yeah, anything where you know, lava flows, 221 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:23,040 Speaker 1: you can find uh glass, places where the lightning where 222 00:12:23,200 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 1: the lightning where lightning, not the lightning, where lightning has 223 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:30,520 Speaker 1: struck the ground. You can sometimes find glass because it's 224 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:36,079 Speaker 1: essentially it's sand that's been exposed to intense heat. And 225 00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:39,000 Speaker 1: it melts, and then when it cools, it's it's glass. 226 00:12:39,480 --> 00:12:41,920 Speaker 1: And you know that sounds simple, but really that's what 227 00:12:42,080 --> 00:12:45,400 Speaker 1: you start off with. And that's the basic, the most 228 00:12:45,400 --> 00:12:48,280 Speaker 1: basic form of glass. Right. So now commercial glass is 229 00:12:48,280 --> 00:12:50,600 Speaker 1: of course a little more complicated. We don't just dump 230 00:12:50,640 --> 00:12:52,400 Speaker 1: a bunch of sand in and melt it down and 231 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:55,520 Speaker 1: then you get glass. It's uh, it tends to come 232 00:12:55,600 --> 00:12:58,360 Speaker 1: from a you have three main sources where so you've 233 00:12:58,360 --> 00:13:01,760 Speaker 1: got the sand, which is a silicon dioxide that's the 234 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:07,040 Speaker 1: chemical makeup of sand um and then you've got uh 235 00:13:07,080 --> 00:13:09,679 Speaker 1: that that's the type that that Corning uses. The other 236 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:14,520 Speaker 1: two types are limestone or sodium carbonate. But Corning uses 237 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:18,400 Speaker 1: the silicon dioxide. And what they do is they combine 238 00:13:18,440 --> 00:13:22,280 Speaker 1: the silicon dioxide with other chemicals before they melt it down, 239 00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:25,560 Speaker 1: and the once they've added those extra chemicals in, and 240 00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:27,720 Speaker 1: we don't know what all those chemicals are because this 241 00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:30,760 Speaker 1: is part of the proprietary approach Corning takes. I mean, 242 00:13:30,760 --> 00:13:34,080 Speaker 1: clearly they can't reveal everything because then they would lose 243 00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:37,439 Speaker 1: their their advantage in the market, right correct, So this 244 00:13:37,520 --> 00:13:40,760 Speaker 1: is this is secret stuff. But the secret stuff once 245 00:13:40,800 --> 00:13:43,880 Speaker 1: they melt it all down. The resulting glass is called 246 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:48,040 Speaker 1: aluminose silicate, and so that essentially what that means is 247 00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:52,640 Speaker 1: that the glass contains aluminum, silicon and oxygen. And uh 248 00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:57,000 Speaker 1: there is one other thing that's in this glass sodium 249 00:13:57,120 --> 00:14:01,800 Speaker 1: ions now, and ion in case you forgot, because we've 250 00:14:01,800 --> 00:14:03,920 Speaker 1: talked about it before. But an ion is an atom 251 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:06,600 Speaker 1: that has either gained or lost an electron and thus 252 00:14:06,640 --> 00:14:11,560 Speaker 1: has a net charge. Adams normally do not in their normally, 253 00:14:11,600 --> 00:14:13,680 Speaker 1: in their natural state, do not have a charge because 254 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:16,880 Speaker 1: the number of electrons which have a negative charge is 255 00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:19,080 Speaker 1: the same as the number of protons which have a 256 00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:22,240 Speaker 1: positive charge, and the two cancel each other out. I 257 00:14:22,280 --> 00:14:25,040 Speaker 1: thought a little I thought adams didn't carry a charge 258 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:28,800 Speaker 1: because they they're so small. I don't have wallets. That's 259 00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:32,920 Speaker 1: also a problem, so the jokes are a problem. They 260 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:36,600 Speaker 1: use PayPal actually, so anyway, the uh So, an ion, 261 00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:38,520 Speaker 1: of course, is like we said, it's one that has 262 00:14:38,520 --> 00:14:41,160 Speaker 1: either too few or too many electrons compared to the 263 00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:44,040 Speaker 1: natural state of the element, So it has either a 264 00:14:44,080 --> 00:14:46,600 Speaker 1: positive or negative charge. Now, granted, if it has more 265 00:14:46,640 --> 00:14:49,080 Speaker 1: electrons than normal has a negative charge, it has fewer 266 00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:52,440 Speaker 1: electrons than normal as a positive charge, So the sodium 267 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:56,240 Speaker 1: ions are part of the structure of this glass. Now 268 00:14:56,600 --> 00:15:00,200 Speaker 1: you can kind of think of this glass once it's melted, uh, 269 00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:03,000 Speaker 1: and it is melted down into this V shaped trough 270 00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:06,800 Speaker 1: that Chris was talking about, and actually they fill up 271 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:09,360 Speaker 1: the trough and then it starts to overflow the sides 272 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:13,840 Speaker 1: and they use robot arms. Robotic arms will pick up 273 00:15:13,920 --> 00:15:18,080 Speaker 1: the edges of this very very thin material and pull 274 00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:21,360 Speaker 1: them up to form sheets of glass. Right. So this 275 00:15:21,440 --> 00:15:24,000 Speaker 1: is a little different from the earlier process because from 276 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:27,800 Speaker 1: what I understand that that other process actually want you 277 00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:31,800 Speaker 1: actually wanted the glass to flow down the V and 278 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:36,000 Speaker 1: basically formed to lay a multi layer piece of glass. 279 00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:38,000 Speaker 1: But the gorilla glass, you don't want that to happen. 280 00:15:38,040 --> 00:15:40,360 Speaker 1: It's correct, Well, I think I think what happens is 281 00:15:40,400 --> 00:15:43,160 Speaker 1: that's the initial part of the process. Again, this is 282 00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:45,800 Speaker 1: proprietary stuff, so we don't know all the details. They 283 00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:49,040 Speaker 1: obbuse skate some of this, but that you have the 284 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:53,960 Speaker 1: the glass meeting in the middle and fusing. But you 285 00:15:54,040 --> 00:15:56,800 Speaker 1: just keep imagining that that trough fills and fills and 286 00:15:56,840 --> 00:15:59,520 Speaker 1: fills until it reaches the top and then it starts 287 00:15:59,560 --> 00:16:01,480 Speaker 1: to over flow and as it goes down the edge. 288 00:16:01,520 --> 00:16:04,880 Speaker 1: These robotic arms catch the glass, the film of glass 289 00:16:04,920 --> 00:16:07,240 Speaker 1: that's coming off the edge, and lifted up and then 290 00:16:07,280 --> 00:16:10,160 Speaker 1: you cut it into sheets. So you've got the sheets 291 00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:13,600 Speaker 1: of glass, and the glass has the aluminum, it has 292 00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:16,280 Speaker 1: the silicon and oxygen and it and the sodium ions. Now, 293 00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:18,840 Speaker 1: think of the glass as kind of like you know, 294 00:16:18,920 --> 00:16:23,800 Speaker 1: we're talking about this sort of structure of of these elements. 295 00:16:23,840 --> 00:16:27,640 Speaker 1: Think of it like a net. All right. So the aluminum, 296 00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:30,480 Speaker 1: the silicon, and the auction are forming the rope that 297 00:16:30,520 --> 00:16:32,560 Speaker 1: you would have in a net. So you've got this 298 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:36,200 Speaker 1: rope net. Now in the holes of that net are 299 00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:40,520 Speaker 1: these sodium ions, al right, and that that gives the 300 00:16:40,560 --> 00:16:44,160 Speaker 1: net a little stiffness. Alright, it's a little it's a 301 00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:46,280 Speaker 1: little uh, it's not as flexible as it would be 302 00:16:46,320 --> 00:16:50,440 Speaker 1: without the sodium. Then you say, well, how do we 303 00:16:50,480 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 1: make this stronger? Well, what they do is they dip 304 00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:57,280 Speaker 1: these sheets into a molten salt bath. And what they're 305 00:16:57,360 --> 00:17:01,840 Speaker 1: using is potassium and the potass sum ions. So you've 306 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:04,920 Speaker 1: got potassium ions in this salt bath. The potassium ions 307 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:08,720 Speaker 1: actually replace the sodium ions. Now I want all of 308 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:12,439 Speaker 1: you to take out your periodic table of elements so everyone, 309 00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:16,199 Speaker 1: get out your periodic table. Well wait, all right, So 310 00:17:16,200 --> 00:17:18,520 Speaker 1: if you're looking at your periodic table and you try 311 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:20,920 Speaker 1: and find sodium on there, I'll I'll give you a hint. 312 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:23,560 Speaker 1: It's on the left side. Uh. You look at that 313 00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:26,440 Speaker 1: first column. You see that sodium is there, and it's 314 00:17:26,600 --> 00:17:32,320 Speaker 1: directly above potassium. So here's the way the elemental table 315 00:17:32,480 --> 00:17:34,440 Speaker 1: is arranged that Chris has his out, I've got my 316 00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:38,200 Speaker 1: not already here, um, but it's arranged so that the 317 00:17:38,200 --> 00:17:41,400 Speaker 1: the when you look at a vertical stack of elements, 318 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:47,040 Speaker 1: those elements share similar properties. This isn't just arranged by 319 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:52,399 Speaker 1: weight or willy nilly. The vertical stacks symbolize elements that 320 00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:56,520 Speaker 1: share very similar features. Chris is trying to distract me 321 00:17:56,520 --> 00:18:01,239 Speaker 1: with animation now with his iPad. Stop it anyway. So 322 00:18:01,320 --> 00:18:04,560 Speaker 1: you've got sodium directly above potassium. That means that sodium 323 00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:07,639 Speaker 1: and potassium share a lot of the same qualities, but 324 00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:11,679 Speaker 1: sodium is lighter than potassium. Potassium is a larger element, 325 00:18:11,760 --> 00:18:14,960 Speaker 1: so it's got larger atoms that make that's important because 326 00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:18,000 Speaker 1: what happens is when the potassium replaces the sodium in 327 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:23,080 Speaker 1: this salt bath, the potassium atoms are actually larger, and 328 00:18:23,280 --> 00:18:25,800 Speaker 1: they make that you know, they take up more space 329 00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:28,080 Speaker 1: in those holes in the net. It actually makes the 330 00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:33,400 Speaker 1: material stiffer and more resistant to damage. UM. And that's 331 00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:35,960 Speaker 1: it's pretty interesting stuff. And the reason why this works 332 00:18:36,480 --> 00:18:40,200 Speaker 1: is because the energy you need to break a molecular bond, 333 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:43,520 Speaker 1: or an ionic bond in this case. UH, the energy 334 00:18:43,560 --> 00:18:46,280 Speaker 1: you need to break an ionic bond varies depending upon 335 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:50,040 Speaker 1: the size of the atom. You need more energy to 336 00:18:50,160 --> 00:18:54,160 Speaker 1: break the ionic bond for potassium than you do for sodium. 337 00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:57,399 Speaker 1: So if you heat up that bath at just the 338 00:18:57,480 --> 00:19:02,720 Speaker 1: right temperature and you dip a material like this glass 339 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:05,440 Speaker 1: that has sodium ions in it, that heat is going 340 00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:07,720 Speaker 1: to be strong enough to break that ionic bond and 341 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:12,440 Speaker 1: the sodium ions will will part from the structure. UH. 342 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:14,320 Speaker 1: Now you have to make sure that the heat is 343 00:19:14,359 --> 00:19:16,280 Speaker 1: not too high, because if it's too high, one of 344 00:19:16,359 --> 00:19:19,560 Speaker 1: two things could happen. You would prevent the potassium ions 345 00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:23,000 Speaker 1: from bonding because the energy would be too great for 346 00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:25,879 Speaker 1: them to form an ionic bond. Or you would actually 347 00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:28,919 Speaker 1: reach the melting point of the glass itself and the 348 00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:31,159 Speaker 1: glass would melt into the bath and you wouldn't have 349 00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:34,439 Speaker 1: anything to show for it. That that seems like it 350 00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:37,080 Speaker 1: would be counterproductive yet, right, so you have to find 351 00:19:37,160 --> 00:19:40,159 Speaker 1: just the right temperature and uh, and that's kind of 352 00:19:40,160 --> 00:19:43,919 Speaker 1: what Corning has done. Dy've they've arranged it. So I 353 00:19:43,960 --> 00:19:46,600 Speaker 1: think it's around oh four degrees celsius, which is about 354 00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:49,719 Speaker 1: seven fifty two degrees fahrenheit for this salt bath. More 355 00:19:49,800 --> 00:19:53,880 Speaker 1: or less, it's it's it's toasty so or molten as 356 00:19:53,880 --> 00:19:58,080 Speaker 1: we often say. So the you've got the sodium ions, 357 00:19:58,119 --> 00:20:00,200 Speaker 1: they go away, the potassium ions take their play ace. 358 00:20:00,680 --> 00:20:04,320 Speaker 1: This makes the entire structure much more uh, stiff and 359 00:20:04,359 --> 00:20:08,360 Speaker 1: resistant to damage. You then withdraw the the glass very 360 00:20:08,400 --> 00:20:10,960 Speaker 1: carefully from the molten bath and you let it dry 361 00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:15,320 Speaker 1: and cool and um, and then you've got this compressed material. 362 00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:18,480 Speaker 1: It's and it's compressed because those potassium ions are larger 363 00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:22,320 Speaker 1: than the sodium ions. Um. And just in case you're curious, 364 00:20:22,359 --> 00:20:25,119 Speaker 1: sodium and potassium both belonged to a group of elements 365 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:28,919 Speaker 1: called active metals, and active metals are are materials that 366 00:20:28,960 --> 00:20:34,560 Speaker 1: react very strongly with with other substances. So that's that's 367 00:20:34,600 --> 00:20:38,240 Speaker 1: the secret, right, that's exactly the well, again, not exactly, 368 00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:41,120 Speaker 1: but that's the general process that Corning uses in order 369 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:44,240 Speaker 1: to chemically strengthened glass. And there are other there are 370 00:20:44,280 --> 00:20:47,800 Speaker 1: other processes out there that are similar. But like when 371 00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:50,520 Speaker 1: I was talking about the demonstration where you had the 372 00:20:50,520 --> 00:20:53,360 Speaker 1: the regular glass, the treated glass, and the gorilla glass, 373 00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:56,720 Speaker 1: the treated glass is glass that's been has gone through 374 00:20:56,800 --> 00:20:59,399 Speaker 1: at least a similar process, but doesn't have all the 375 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:03,440 Speaker 1: little ements that the corning uses to guarantee a very 376 00:21:03,480 --> 00:21:07,359 Speaker 1: strong compressed material. Yeah. I think a lot of us 377 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:12,520 Speaker 1: who who own portable electronics that have a glass front 378 00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:16,080 Speaker 1: on it, um probably at least at one point said, 379 00:21:16,760 --> 00:21:20,520 Speaker 1: you know to ourselves, man, glass, that's that's gonna be difficult. 380 00:21:20,560 --> 00:21:23,320 Speaker 1: And then you start looking at things like, um, uh, 381 00:21:23,359 --> 00:21:25,840 Speaker 1: you know that now that we have the two sided phones, 382 00:21:26,520 --> 00:21:29,480 Speaker 1: you know we have glass on more than one side 383 00:21:29,480 --> 00:21:31,399 Speaker 1: of the device. And you're starting to go, yeah, this 384 00:21:31,440 --> 00:21:33,479 Speaker 1: is great, but I dropped my phone a lot, or 385 00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:34,920 Speaker 1: you know, how am I gonna How am I gonna 386 00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:36,959 Speaker 1: prevent this thing from I might put in my pocket 387 00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:39,080 Speaker 1: where my keys are? Yeah, and I have done that. 388 00:21:39,200 --> 00:21:42,119 Speaker 1: I've well, I've done that and and had uh my 389 00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:44,760 Speaker 1: phone gets scratched up on the non glass surfaces, and 390 00:21:44,800 --> 00:21:49,160 Speaker 1: you think glass, well, it's doomed. Man, Um, why don't 391 00:21:49,160 --> 00:21:51,640 Speaker 1: they just use plastic? Well, of course, glass is going 392 00:21:51,680 --> 00:21:56,080 Speaker 1: to make the display uh so much more vivid. Um, 393 00:21:56,119 --> 00:21:59,120 Speaker 1: it's a it's a better material to use. Uh. So 394 00:21:59,440 --> 00:22:03,440 Speaker 1: it's it's really impressive that uh there is a material 395 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:05,480 Speaker 1: that that works so well for that. Of course, Uh 396 00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:08,680 Speaker 1: you know, other manufacturers have their own, as you pointed out, 397 00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:14,160 Speaker 1: and other, um proprietary methods for using glass. Um. But yeah, 398 00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:16,000 Speaker 1: I mean this is not something that you go by 399 00:22:16,080 --> 00:22:18,600 Speaker 1: yourself and add to you know, you you can't go 400 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:21,359 Speaker 1: get a piece of grilla glass from Corning and say, 401 00:22:21,760 --> 00:22:24,800 Speaker 1: you know, I like the glass on my you know, 402 00:22:24,840 --> 00:22:27,320 Speaker 1: on my smartphone pretty well. But I'm pretty sure I 403 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:29,720 Speaker 1: could pry this out and put a piece of grilla glass. 404 00:22:29,720 --> 00:22:31,600 Speaker 1: And you can't. You can't just go and do that. 405 00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:34,000 Speaker 1: It's not like not like a screen protector that you 406 00:22:34,040 --> 00:22:38,080 Speaker 1: would go and buy either a store or a third 407 00:22:38,119 --> 00:22:40,720 Speaker 1: party vendor. I mean you it's it's one of those 408 00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:45,160 Speaker 1: things that gorilla glass is something that's sold directly to manufacturers, 409 00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:48,560 Speaker 1: not to consumers. So so who buys it? Then? Who 410 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:52,720 Speaker 1: is using this? Big companies? So Sony is one of them, 411 00:22:53,280 --> 00:22:56,520 Speaker 1: and they use gorilla glass on their Bravia line of 412 00:22:56,560 --> 00:22:59,520 Speaker 1: television sets. You might say, well, gosh, why would you 413 00:22:59,560 --> 00:23:02,240 Speaker 1: need this on a TV set? Well, you know you 414 00:23:02,240 --> 00:23:05,359 Speaker 1: can carry your fifty I can give you. I can 415 00:23:05,359 --> 00:23:07,840 Speaker 1: give you a few different reasons, all right. One if 416 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:11,560 Speaker 1: you if you got kids for one thing, for one thing. Here, 417 00:23:11,560 --> 00:23:16,280 Speaker 1: here's here's the downside to our our our gadget revolution 418 00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:20,040 Speaker 1: is that we're training ourselves that the way you interact 419 00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:24,160 Speaker 1: with screens is that you touched them. You don't. Yeah, 420 00:23:24,240 --> 00:23:26,800 Speaker 1: I mean there are kids who I heard stories from parents. 421 00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:28,720 Speaker 1: This is all anecdotal, I know, but I've heard stories 422 00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:33,000 Speaker 1: from parents who say their kids become used to manipulating 423 00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:36,160 Speaker 1: things like the iPad, and they get used to swiping 424 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:38,080 Speaker 1: their hands, and then they come up to a television 425 00:23:38,119 --> 00:23:39,840 Speaker 1: they want to change the channel, and they put their 426 00:23:39,880 --> 00:23:42,600 Speaker 1: hand against the TV and start moving their hand around, thinking, well, 427 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:44,159 Speaker 1: this is how it works on the iPad, so it 428 00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:48,080 Speaker 1: should work here, and it don't because that's not the 429 00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:49,800 Speaker 1: You know, the rest of us have been trained that 430 00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:52,320 Speaker 1: we use the remote control to do that. We don't 431 00:23:52,359 --> 00:23:54,239 Speaker 1: get up and change the channel. That's what we had 432 00:23:54,280 --> 00:23:56,240 Speaker 1: to do in the seventies, and we do not want 433 00:23:56,280 --> 00:23:59,639 Speaker 1: to return to those dark days. But of course you 434 00:23:59,680 --> 00:24:01,879 Speaker 1: know that children find out that they can't go up 435 00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:05,119 Speaker 1: and and you know, manipulate the TV with the hands. 436 00:24:05,160 --> 00:24:07,880 Speaker 1: They are ignorant of the dark days of the seventies 437 00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:10,200 Speaker 1: where you had to get up and turn a switch, 438 00:24:10,440 --> 00:24:12,639 Speaker 1: or that you have to wear bell bottoms or or 439 00:24:12,760 --> 00:24:16,280 Speaker 1: these polyester suits and listen to the beg's. They don't 440 00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:19,440 Speaker 1: I'm getting off your your your topic. Yes, and then 441 00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:24,159 Speaker 1: of course they find out like Door the explorer friends 442 00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:26,640 Speaker 1: swiper the fox might find out that you can't swipe, 443 00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:30,159 Speaker 1: and then they go, oh, man, that's a bummer. I 444 00:24:30,200 --> 00:24:31,680 Speaker 1: have no idea what you're talking about, by the way, 445 00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:34,760 Speaker 1: that that's a quote, because don't they tell him no swiping. 446 00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:36,479 Speaker 1: I don't have a kid, so I don't know what 447 00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:39,920 Speaker 1: door they explorer anyway, But yes, I know I can. 448 00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:43,320 Speaker 1: I can say this actually from someone who has young children. 449 00:24:43,560 --> 00:24:46,000 Speaker 1: You know, I've watched them go up and pound on 450 00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:50,000 Speaker 1: the TV. And you know with a with a crty 451 00:24:50,600 --> 00:24:54,199 Speaker 1: you have as as much thicker than it is with 452 00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:57,160 Speaker 1: flat panel TV. So then something like the Bravio line 453 00:24:57,200 --> 00:25:02,160 Speaker 1: where it's a flat panel display sex you display. So 454 00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:05,239 Speaker 1: that's here, that's one. Here's two all right, a lot 455 00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:09,160 Speaker 1: of these television's people mount them to walls. Well, if 456 00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:13,640 Speaker 1: for some reason the mounting goes wrong, then there may 457 00:25:13,720 --> 00:25:17,639 Speaker 1: be a an accident. And you want that glass to 458 00:25:17,680 --> 00:25:21,080 Speaker 1: be strong, because one you want to preserve the integrity 459 00:25:21,119 --> 00:25:24,520 Speaker 1: of whatever the devices, and two you don't want shattered 460 00:25:24,560 --> 00:25:28,200 Speaker 1: glass to go everywhere. Glass needs to be a bad 461 00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:30,920 Speaker 1: thing in the most households. It feels like you're walking 462 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:32,879 Speaker 1: on broken glass. It does feel like you're walking on 463 00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:38,440 Speaker 1: broken glass, because all right, anyway, uh so that's the 464 00:25:38,480 --> 00:25:40,760 Speaker 1: second one. Here's the third case, and this is one 465 00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:43,480 Speaker 1: that it's it's already proven because we've seen it happen. 466 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:47,760 Speaker 1: You're playing the Wii. You have not put that handstrap 467 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:52,119 Speaker 1: around your wrist, and then you swings your sword because 468 00:25:52,200 --> 00:25:56,240 Speaker 1: link needs to destroy that next monster and it flies 469 00:25:56,280 --> 00:26:00,760 Speaker 1: out your hand and into the screen. And because we 470 00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:02,920 Speaker 1: will get complaints if we don't mention this. You could 471 00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:05,280 Speaker 1: also do that with the one from the Sony Move 472 00:26:05,960 --> 00:26:08,160 Speaker 1: or you know, whatever prop you're using with your Let's 473 00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:10,040 Speaker 1: say that let's say you're standing too close to the 474 00:26:10,040 --> 00:26:13,040 Speaker 1: connect and you're playing the boxing game, which I don't 475 00:26:13,119 --> 00:26:16,840 Speaker 1: recommend doing that. Yeah, use props with a connect. Yes, 476 00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:19,680 Speaker 1: that's true. You could also Yeah, you could potentially use 477 00:26:19,720 --> 00:26:21,520 Speaker 1: a prop with the connect and then the same thing 478 00:26:21,520 --> 00:26:24,720 Speaker 1: could happen. In other words, we're swinging a lot of 479 00:26:24,760 --> 00:26:28,960 Speaker 1: stuff at our televisions these days, and as a result, uh, 480 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:32,320 Speaker 1: there's the the chance possibility and there's the chance that 481 00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:35,959 Speaker 1: you could accidentally lose your grip and fling something at 482 00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:38,760 Speaker 1: the TV. And so the gorilla glass is a good 483 00:26:38,760 --> 00:26:43,240 Speaker 1: way to prevent that from ruining the television and your day. Um. 484 00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:45,639 Speaker 1: But there are other products that also other companies that 485 00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:48,800 Speaker 1: use gorilla glass. Samsung has used it for the Galaxy Tab, 486 00:26:48,880 --> 00:26:51,520 Speaker 1: and Dell used it for the Dell Streak, and there 487 00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:54,320 Speaker 1: are lots of other ones. But the thing is that 488 00:26:54,640 --> 00:26:57,600 Speaker 1: a lot of the these these agreements between companies are 489 00:26:57,680 --> 00:27:03,000 Speaker 1: not public knowledge, and so Gorilla Corning cannot reveal all 490 00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:05,480 Speaker 1: of its clients because you know, they have agreements that 491 00:27:05,520 --> 00:27:09,639 Speaker 1: are secret, right, nondisclosure exactly. They're in DA's there. So 492 00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:12,960 Speaker 1: you know, we honestly do not know which gadgets have 493 00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:15,480 Speaker 1: gorilla glass, which one stone. There are ways to find out, 494 00:27:15,520 --> 00:27:17,680 Speaker 1: but we technically do not want to do that because 495 00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:19,359 Speaker 1: we like our gadgets and don't want to try and 496 00:27:19,359 --> 00:27:23,520 Speaker 1: see if we can ruin them. So, um, yeah, those 497 00:27:23,560 --> 00:27:26,160 Speaker 1: would be the customers. It would be the big corporations, 498 00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:29,080 Speaker 1: not Joe down the street who wants to put a 499 00:27:29,119 --> 00:27:34,760 Speaker 1: new a new sheet of glass on his smartphone. Um. 500 00:27:34,800 --> 00:27:37,639 Speaker 1: And I'm sure we're gonna see gorilla glass used in 501 00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:41,399 Speaker 1: a lot more applications and will price see other competitors 502 00:27:41,400 --> 00:27:45,200 Speaker 1: try to develop similar products that have, you know, comparable 503 00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:48,399 Speaker 1: strength to gorilla glass. And Corning isn't gonna rest on 504 00:27:48,440 --> 00:27:51,040 Speaker 1: its laurels. It's not like it's not like that company 505 00:27:51,119 --> 00:27:53,359 Speaker 1: is gonna say, oh, we found it, let's we're done. 506 00:27:53,440 --> 00:27:55,639 Speaker 1: I mean, the history of the company shows they're all 507 00:27:55,640 --> 00:28:00,480 Speaker 1: about innovation. Yeah, and for something like glass, you might 508 00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:02,560 Speaker 1: you know, and it isn't as sexy as some of 509 00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:05,679 Speaker 1: the other or well you might not necessarily find it 510 00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:08,680 Speaker 1: as sexy as some of the other, uh different kinds 511 00:28:08,680 --> 00:28:12,439 Speaker 1: of innovation we've mentioned on this show before, but obviously 512 00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:15,119 Speaker 1: it plays an important part and the things that we 513 00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:18,160 Speaker 1: use every day. So yeah, and here's just a little 514 00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:20,080 Speaker 1: piece of trivia. I think it's kind of cool that 515 00:28:20,359 --> 00:28:22,960 Speaker 1: doesn't deal directly with gorilla glass, but more with the 516 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:27,520 Speaker 1: whole ion exchange process. This is something It sounds like 517 00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:30,159 Speaker 1: it's pretty new, like this is this is something that 518 00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:32,680 Speaker 1: maybe dates back to the sixties, you know, like that 519 00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:34,959 Speaker 1: that's when we first started figuring out how to do 520 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:37,240 Speaker 1: this ion exchange thing. But the truth is it dates 521 00:28:37,760 --> 00:28:42,960 Speaker 1: way back earlier than that, because stained glass uses a 522 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:46,840 Speaker 1: similar process in which you add certain metals to a 523 00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:51,120 Speaker 1: glass mixture in order to create the various colors. And it's, um, 524 00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:54,719 Speaker 1: it's this these metal oxides that you add to molten 525 00:28:54,720 --> 00:28:57,560 Speaker 1: glass that gives stained glass and you know those vibrant 526 00:28:57,600 --> 00:29:00,600 Speaker 1: but like cobalt blue. It's cobalt that's what adding to 527 00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:02,680 Speaker 1: the glass mixture in order to do it. And it's 528 00:29:02,800 --> 00:29:06,200 Speaker 1: using the same sort of process of an ion exchange 529 00:29:06,280 --> 00:29:11,520 Speaker 1: and really really hot molten glass. So um so yeah, this, 530 00:29:11,680 --> 00:29:15,560 Speaker 1: this whole process that that Corning is using is something 531 00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:18,640 Speaker 1: that dates back centuries. They've just refined it to an 532 00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:23,800 Speaker 1: exact science and that's really really good for those of 533 00:29:23,880 --> 00:29:27,440 Speaker 1: us who like our gadgets unscratched. Yes, I am one 534 00:29:27,480 --> 00:29:30,320 Speaker 1: of those people. I do not like scratching my gadgets 535 00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:34,400 Speaker 1: unless they're itchy. Alright, So on that note, let's wrap 536 00:29:34,520 --> 00:29:37,160 Speaker 1: this up, folks. If you want to suggest a topic 537 00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:39,760 Speaker 1: to us where you have any comments about gorilla glass 538 00:29:39,840 --> 00:29:42,000 Speaker 1: or or maybe there's something related to it that you 539 00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:44,080 Speaker 1: would like to hear more about. Let us know. You 540 00:29:44,120 --> 00:29:47,480 Speaker 1: can contact us on Twitter and Facebook are handled. 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