1 00:00:01,040 --> 00:00:04,600 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from houseworks 2 00:00:04,640 --> 00:00:14,000 Speaker 1: dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Holly 3 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:17,759 Speaker 1: Fry and I'm Tracy V. Wilson. So this is the 4 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:21,200 Speaker 1: second of a two part episode on Henry Hudson. So 5 00:00:21,280 --> 00:00:24,640 Speaker 1: to catch anybody back up if you don't recall exactly 6 00:00:24,640 --> 00:00:27,080 Speaker 1: where we left off, Hudson and his men were in 7 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:29,720 Speaker 1: the midst of their third voyage. Uh. We should be 8 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:31,400 Speaker 1: clear that it was not all the same men from 9 00:00:31,440 --> 00:00:33,479 Speaker 1: the previous two voyages. He had a lot of turnover, 10 00:00:33,560 --> 00:00:36,840 Speaker 1: but a couple that remained consistent throughout, including his son 11 00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:39,760 Speaker 1: John Uh. They had made it to North America after 12 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:45,080 Speaker 1: having some failure at trying to navigate the waters north 13 00:00:45,240 --> 00:00:47,839 Speaker 1: of Russia in an effort to find a passage to 14 00:00:48,479 --> 00:00:51,919 Speaker 1: uh Asia. And so they are in North America. They 15 00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:54,440 Speaker 1: are traveling aboard their ship, the half Moon. They are 16 00:00:54,480 --> 00:00:57,640 Speaker 1: mapping the coast from Nova Scotia and inlets further south, 17 00:00:57,960 --> 00:00:59,520 Speaker 1: and at the point we pick up, they are in 18 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:03,520 Speaker 1: the river surround what would eventually become New York. The 19 00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:06,480 Speaker 1: crew of the half Moon made a series of successful 20 00:01:06,520 --> 00:01:09,560 Speaker 1: trades with Native Americans that they were trading knives and 21 00:01:09,640 --> 00:01:13,440 Speaker 1: beads in exchange for things like tobacco and corn. On 22 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:17,319 Speaker 1: September six, Hudson sent crewman John Coleman and several other 23 00:01:17,360 --> 00:01:21,959 Speaker 1: men on a mission to sound another nearby river. According 24 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:26,319 Speaker 1: to Jewet's journal, the expedition played out this way. The 25 00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:29,319 Speaker 1: lands told us they were as pleasant, with grass and 26 00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:32,840 Speaker 1: flowers and goodly trees as ever they had seen, and 27 00:01:32,959 --> 00:01:36,200 Speaker 1: very sweet smells came from them. So they went in 28 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:39,760 Speaker 1: two leagues and saw an open sea and returned. And 29 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:43,040 Speaker 1: as they came back, they were set upon by two canoes, 30 00:01:43,640 --> 00:01:46,880 Speaker 1: the one having twelve the other fourteen men. The night 31 00:01:46,959 --> 00:01:49,000 Speaker 1: came on and it began to rain, so that their 32 00:01:49,040 --> 00:01:52,320 Speaker 1: match went out, and they had one man slain in 33 00:01:52,360 --> 00:01:55,800 Speaker 1: the fight, which was an Englishman named John Coleman with 34 00:01:55,840 --> 00:01:58,680 Speaker 1: an arrow shot into his throat, and two more hurt. 35 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:01,640 Speaker 1: It grew oh dark that they could not find the 36 00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:04,720 Speaker 1: ship that night, but labored to and fro on their oars. 37 00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:08,440 Speaker 1: They had so great a stream that they're grapnel would 38 00:02:08,440 --> 00:02:12,480 Speaker 1: not hold them. So, yeah, they're caught in current. They 39 00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:18,320 Speaker 1: can't really anchor, uh, and they're just kind of floating 40 00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:21,440 Speaker 1: about trying to stay away from shore. I'm not sure 41 00:02:21,440 --> 00:02:25,360 Speaker 1: where their ship is and this entry leaves out whatever 42 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:28,519 Speaker 1: may have motivated or catalyzed this conflict that they had 43 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:31,520 Speaker 1: with the Native Americans who are said to have attacked 44 00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:35,160 Speaker 1: them in these two canoes. It could have been the 45 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:37,560 Speaker 1: result of the ill behavior that had been going on 46 00:02:37,680 --> 00:02:40,840 Speaker 1: prior to this. As we mentioned in the last episode, 47 00:02:41,320 --> 00:02:43,960 Speaker 1: the crew of the Half Moon did some pretty horrible 48 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:46,320 Speaker 1: things to the Native Americans they encountered along the way. 49 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 1: They would sort of trade with them in some cases, 50 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:51,359 Speaker 1: and in other cases they would set fire to things 51 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:54,239 Speaker 1: and steal all their stuff. They had even kidnapped some 52 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:58,040 Speaker 1: Native Americans, although it appears that most of them, if 53 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:00,440 Speaker 1: not all, were able to escape in some way or another. 54 00:03:01,520 --> 00:03:04,440 Speaker 1: So we don't know if those previous events caused this 55 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:06,360 Speaker 1: problem or if they could have been some sort of 56 00:03:06,760 --> 00:03:10,399 Speaker 1: incident that happened during this sounding mission, like an isolated 57 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:13,560 Speaker 1: incident during that So no mention has ever made of motive. 58 00:03:13,639 --> 00:03:17,280 Speaker 1: We don't know really why all this went down. The 59 00:03:17,360 --> 00:03:20,080 Speaker 1: surviving men got back to the Half Moon the next 60 00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:23,560 Speaker 1: day and they had their slain comrade with them. Colman 61 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:27,800 Speaker 1: was buried and an exploration continued. And it's during this time, 62 00:03:27,840 --> 00:03:30,920 Speaker 1: which was the first half of September six nine, that 63 00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:34,200 Speaker 1: Henry Hudson ventured into the Wide River that would eventually 64 00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:38,720 Speaker 1: be named after him. Hudson continued down the river, thinking 65 00:03:38,760 --> 00:03:41,640 Speaker 1: this could be that elusive passage to the Pacific Ocean 66 00:03:42,320 --> 00:03:45,600 Speaker 1: that he thought North America would have through it, but 67 00:03:45,920 --> 00:03:49,440 Speaker 1: once the waterway became too shallow to continue. Uh. They 68 00:03:49,440 --> 00:03:53,920 Speaker 1: were exploring throughout. There are many many detailed uh sort 69 00:03:53,960 --> 00:03:57,000 Speaker 1: of lists and surveys that were going on and accounts 70 00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:59,320 Speaker 1: of this that we're not getting into the nitty gritty 71 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:01,960 Speaker 1: details because it becomes sort of a list show at 72 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:06,040 Speaker 1: that point. UM. But eventually they realized they could not 73 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:09,160 Speaker 1: go any further because of these shallow waters they were hitting, 74 00:04:09,160 --> 00:04:10,640 Speaker 1: and that they were just going to have to turn 75 00:04:10,680 --> 00:04:16,200 Speaker 1: back and call this a successful voyage. On October four nine, 76 00:04:16,279 --> 00:04:20,120 Speaker 1: Henry Hudson headed back to Europe. The half Moon arrived 77 00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:24,040 Speaker 1: in Dartmouth on November seven. And it's unclear why Hudson 78 00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:27,799 Speaker 1: decided to go to England rather than Holland, and there's 79 00:04:27,800 --> 00:04:30,320 Speaker 1: been some speculation through the years that maybe he was 80 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:33,479 Speaker 1: actually working as a spy for the English interests while 81 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:38,480 Speaker 1: funding his explorations with Dutch money and Dutch maps. Yeah, 82 00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:40,440 Speaker 1: that's one of those things that people really like to 83 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:44,560 Speaker 1: um you know, kind of put four theories about that. 84 00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:47,479 Speaker 1: He may have been working as a spy all along. 85 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:50,960 Speaker 1: He may have been attempting to regain favor with the 86 00:04:50,960 --> 00:04:55,880 Speaker 1: English after his first two failed missions by completing this mission, 87 00:04:56,040 --> 00:04:59,240 Speaker 1: you know, under the auspices of being a Dutch company's 88 00:04:59,279 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: ship but elite. No, really, I was getting stuff for 89 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:03,880 Speaker 1: you guys all along. We just don't know, but it 90 00:05:03,960 --> 00:05:05,560 Speaker 1: is sort of odd that he was like, Hey, let's 91 00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:08,400 Speaker 1: go to Dartmouth and go to the port there instead 92 00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:11,919 Speaker 1: of hitting to Amsterdam. And while the while Hudson and 93 00:05:11,960 --> 00:05:14,160 Speaker 1: his crew were living on the half Moon as it 94 00:05:14,240 --> 00:05:17,039 Speaker 1: sat there important dart Smith, Hudson had written to his 95 00:05:17,120 --> 00:05:19,840 Speaker 1: bosses at the Dutch East India Company proposing a new 96 00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:22,919 Speaker 1: mission to find a northwest passage. He was really pretty 97 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:25,200 Speaker 1: chucked by the things he had gotten to explore in 98 00:05:25,240 --> 00:05:28,560 Speaker 1: North America, and when the d E i c. Directors 99 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:31,760 Speaker 1: received Hudson's missive they immediately sent word that he should 100 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:37,120 Speaker 1: continue to Amsterdam immediately. There's a problem. The ship was 101 00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:41,440 Speaker 1: detained at port by English authorities. Hudson and the other 102 00:05:41,480 --> 00:05:44,360 Speaker 1: Englishmen on the crew were to be seized and forbidden 103 00:05:44,400 --> 00:05:47,280 Speaker 1: to work with the Dutch any longer or ever again. 104 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:51,400 Speaker 1: Sailing under another nation's flag was basically treason, so the 105 00:05:51,440 --> 00:05:54,440 Speaker 1: half Moon and all the Dutch sailors aboard were sent 106 00:05:54,480 --> 00:05:58,720 Speaker 1: back home. And before we get to sort of how 107 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:01,960 Speaker 1: this plays out and how Hudson manages to launch one 108 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:03,720 Speaker 1: more voyage, do you want to take a word from 109 00:06:03,720 --> 00:06:09,000 Speaker 1: a sponsor, Yes, So back to Henry Hudson. Despite the 110 00:06:09,040 --> 00:06:11,919 Speaker 1: shame of having sailed under a Dutch flag, at least 111 00:06:12,279 --> 00:06:16,479 Speaker 1: in the eyes of his English countrymen, hudson reputation was 112 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:18,760 Speaker 1: actually a little bit better in England than it had 113 00:06:18,800 --> 00:06:21,080 Speaker 1: been after his second voyage, and this was thanks to 114 00:06:21,920 --> 00:06:25,960 Speaker 1: this successful exploration he had had along the North American 115 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:28,960 Speaker 1: coast and his encounters with the natives in the area, 116 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:31,719 Speaker 1: even though they were pretty horrible to the natives in 117 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:34,480 Speaker 1: a lot of cases, and unlike in sixteen o eight, 118 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:38,240 Speaker 1: he was able to get backing for another trip. Sir 119 00:06:38,360 --> 00:06:41,520 Speaker 1: Thomas Smith, who served as governor and treasurer of both 120 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:45,719 Speaker 1: the Virginia Company and the English East India Company, bankrolled 121 00:06:45,720 --> 00:06:50,039 Speaker 1: the voyage along with Sir Dudley Diggs and John Wolstenholme, 122 00:06:50,760 --> 00:06:54,280 Speaker 1: a new company, the Company of Gentleman, was formed by 123 00:06:54,279 --> 00:06:57,520 Speaker 1: the three backers plus Prince Henry, under which the mission 124 00:06:57,520 --> 00:07:01,000 Speaker 1: would be carried out, and as interest grew, other backers 125 00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:04,559 Speaker 1: tried to get in on the action. Also. Yeah, once 126 00:07:04,600 --> 00:07:07,400 Speaker 1: there were some wealthy guys and a prince involved in 127 00:07:07,400 --> 00:07:09,320 Speaker 1: this whole thing, it seemed like it surely it was 128 00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:12,440 Speaker 1: going to be lucrative, so other investors did try to 129 00:07:12,520 --> 00:07:16,240 Speaker 1: jump on that bandwagon. The Company of Gentlemen purchased a 130 00:07:16,280 --> 00:07:19,320 Speaker 1: ship called the Discovery for the voyage. She was larger 131 00:07:19,360 --> 00:07:22,880 Speaker 1: than any of Hudson's previous vessels, and so Hudson and 132 00:07:22,920 --> 00:07:26,960 Speaker 1: his crew sailed from England in April six ten. Robert 133 00:07:27,040 --> 00:07:29,840 Speaker 1: Jewett was once again on board. This was a choice 134 00:07:29,840 --> 00:07:32,720 Speaker 1: that would eventually be Hudson's undoing, as well as his 135 00:07:32,760 --> 00:07:36,320 Speaker 1: son John once again, and this crew included twenty three men. 136 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:39,160 Speaker 1: It was the largest that Hudson had ever commanded, and 137 00:07:39,240 --> 00:07:42,040 Speaker 1: the send off was quite grand, thanks in no small 138 00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:45,480 Speaker 1: part to the Prince's involvement in this venture. The ship 139 00:07:45,520 --> 00:07:49,400 Speaker 1: made a stop in Gravesend, where crewmember Master Colburn was 140 00:07:49,520 --> 00:07:53,000 Speaker 1: dropped off and Henry Green was picked up to replace him. 141 00:07:53,200 --> 00:07:56,480 Speaker 1: Colburn had been assigned by the backing merchants as an advisor. 142 00:07:57,040 --> 00:07:59,320 Speaker 1: And while Hudson is said to have sent a letter 143 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:02,880 Speaker 1: to his back explaining his reasons for making the switch, 144 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:07,160 Speaker 1: that information has never been made public. No, And in 145 00:08:07,480 --> 00:08:10,640 Speaker 1: uh Hudson's journals on it, he basically just says, oh, 146 00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:12,360 Speaker 1: I put that guy in a small boat and send 147 00:08:12,440 --> 00:08:16,840 Speaker 1: him back to London. He doesn't discuss the reasons. Uh. 148 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:19,200 Speaker 1: But Green, the man that they picked up after they 149 00:08:19,200 --> 00:08:23,920 Speaker 1: had dropped off Colburn, was basically trouble Uh. He was 150 00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:26,200 Speaker 1: a gambler. He was a troublemaker. He was known as 151 00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:30,400 Speaker 1: a roustabout. He had known Hudson prior to the voyage, 152 00:08:30,520 --> 00:08:33,679 Speaker 1: and he was actually listed as a passenger rather than 153 00:08:33,679 --> 00:08:38,040 Speaker 1: a crewman. UH. By mid May, though, Green had already 154 00:08:38,040 --> 00:08:40,520 Speaker 1: been causing problems on the ship. He got into a 155 00:08:40,559 --> 00:08:43,960 Speaker 1: fist fight with the ship's surgeon in May, and Hudson 156 00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:46,400 Speaker 1: immediately came to his defense and talked about what a 157 00:08:46,440 --> 00:08:48,880 Speaker 1: hothead the surgeon had. But the rest of the crew 158 00:08:49,240 --> 00:08:52,439 Speaker 1: backed up the surgeon, and this sort of seeded some problems. 159 00:08:53,200 --> 00:08:56,560 Speaker 1: She had started openly speculating that Hudson had brought Green 160 00:08:56,640 --> 00:08:58,880 Speaker 1: on specifically as a spy to keep an eye on 161 00:08:58,920 --> 00:09:02,680 Speaker 1: the crew, which ray the tensions even further. While Hudson 162 00:09:02,720 --> 00:09:04,640 Speaker 1: threatened to put you it off the ship, there was 163 00:09:04,679 --> 00:09:11,000 Speaker 1: never any actual punishment for this insubordination. As with previous voyages, 164 00:09:11,160 --> 00:09:14,079 Speaker 1: there was a great deal of ice to contend with. Uh, 165 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:16,320 Speaker 1: it's the first episode. This will be an ongoing theme, 166 00:09:16,360 --> 00:09:19,520 Speaker 1: and it does indeed happen every time. As you may 167 00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:22,880 Speaker 1: have also guessed from our discussion of the previous three voyages, 168 00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:26,360 Speaker 1: tacking back and forth in icy water and getting nowhere 169 00:09:27,080 --> 00:09:29,959 Speaker 1: while the conditions are miserable just to physically be in 170 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:34,319 Speaker 1: does not really make for a super delighted crew. By 171 00:09:34,400 --> 00:09:37,440 Speaker 1: July seven, the crew was near mutiny, and at this 172 00:09:37,520 --> 00:09:40,600 Speaker 1: point they rounded the tip of Greenland and attempted to 173 00:09:40,760 --> 00:09:44,480 Speaker 1: enter what's now Hudson Straight. It was called the Furious 174 00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:47,880 Speaker 1: Overfall at the time, and they dithered around in that 175 00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:50,280 Speaker 1: area trying to figure out how to get through or 176 00:09:50,360 --> 00:09:53,880 Speaker 1: around all the ice. They eventually got to what's now 177 00:09:53,920 --> 00:09:57,480 Speaker 1: called Hudson Bay west of Quebec, but they were in 178 00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:02,760 Speaker 1: a constant struggle and not taking any sort of real headway. Yeah, 179 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:05,920 Speaker 1: they were really just kind of it seemed too many 180 00:10:05,920 --> 00:10:10,360 Speaker 1: people drifting to and fro UH. On July sixteenth, Hudson 181 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:13,720 Speaker 1: finally had this revelation apparently that he was in a 182 00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:16,079 Speaker 1: bay that was a dead end and not in fact 183 00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:19,800 Speaker 1: some sort of passage through North America. So he decided 184 00:10:19,840 --> 00:10:21,920 Speaker 1: to head north in an attempt to get out of 185 00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:26,200 Speaker 1: this dead end bay back into the Furious Overfall with 186 00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:31,000 Speaker 1: the Discovery. And this is an incredibly difficult area to 187 00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:33,400 Speaker 1: pass through, even for ships that know where they're going. 188 00:10:34,640 --> 00:10:37,480 Speaker 1: UH and Hudson basically spent the next month and a 189 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:41,120 Speaker 1: half getting lost and going back and forth a month 190 00:10:41,160 --> 00:10:46,240 Speaker 1: and a half. When September arrived, Discovery was in James Bay, 191 00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:48,320 Speaker 1: and this is a smaller bay at the southern tip 192 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:53,120 Speaker 1: of Hudson Bay. The crew was just beyond angry. Jewett 193 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:56,959 Speaker 1: challenged Hudson, and the pairs ongoing tension finally just hit 194 00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:00,240 Speaker 1: a boiling point. Hudson ordered that Jewett be tried for 195 00:11:00,360 --> 00:11:04,040 Speaker 1: mutiny and demoted him. Yeah, and with that demotion he 196 00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:05,680 Speaker 1: took away a lot of his pay and gave it 197 00:11:05,720 --> 00:11:08,520 Speaker 1: to somebody else, which you can imagine how delightfully that went. 198 00:11:09,480 --> 00:11:13,280 Speaker 1: On September ten, there were testimonies heard regarding Jewet's intentions 199 00:11:13,280 --> 00:11:16,480 Speaker 1: in his behaviors, and it was all really pretty damning 200 00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:20,480 Speaker 1: crew members, even though that basically got along with Jewett, 201 00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:25,040 Speaker 1: had been listening to him, threatened Hudson and almost everyone 202 00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:27,040 Speaker 1: else on board in some way or another for the 203 00:11:27,200 --> 00:11:30,840 Speaker 1: entirety of the journey, and so everybody a lot of 204 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:33,760 Speaker 1: people had bad things to say about Jewet's actions, even 205 00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:36,959 Speaker 1: if they weren't necessarily against him, so to speak. But 206 00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:40,160 Speaker 1: it was as though Hudson new sort of like, Hey, 207 00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:43,840 Speaker 1: I need every possible man. We're still struggling. So he 208 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:47,960 Speaker 1: offered Jewett and any of his supporters pardon in exchange 209 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:51,880 Speaker 1: for the promise of good behavior from that point on, 210 00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:54,800 Speaker 1: once all the furor over the mutiny trial died down, 211 00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:58,120 Speaker 1: Hudson may have gained some points with some of the crew, 212 00:11:58,559 --> 00:12:01,080 Speaker 1: but the men at this point where odds with each other, 213 00:12:01,240 --> 00:12:04,760 Speaker 1: and Hudson quickly squandered any good will that he had 214 00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:08,640 Speaker 1: gotten with them by continuing to meander around James Bay 215 00:12:08,679 --> 00:12:12,959 Speaker 1: for the next two months, and that basically sentenced the 216 00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:18,760 Speaker 1: entire group to be stuck there through another freeze, and 217 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:22,800 Speaker 1: as October came to a close, uh Hudson sent two 218 00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:24,520 Speaker 1: of his men ashore to see if they could find 219 00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:27,319 Speaker 1: a place to live out the winter. They ended up 220 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:30,000 Speaker 1: camping near the mouth of the Nottaway River, which was 221 00:12:30,280 --> 00:12:34,920 Speaker 1: utterly miserable for them. One account written by crewman Prickett states, quote, 222 00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:37,760 Speaker 1: to speak of all our trouble would be too tedious, 223 00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:41,079 Speaker 1: and before we get into this winter of misery, because 224 00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:44,000 Speaker 1: it really was quite awful. Uh, do you want to 225 00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:45,960 Speaker 1: do a word from a sponsor, because it seems odd 226 00:12:45,960 --> 00:12:47,199 Speaker 1: to stick it in the middle of a lot of 227 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:51,680 Speaker 1: horrible things happening. Let's do that. So, as we were saying, 228 00:12:51,679 --> 00:12:55,640 Speaker 1: before we went into our sponsor break. From November three 229 00:12:55,679 --> 00:12:59,520 Speaker 1: of sixteen ten to June of sixteen eleven the discovery, 230 00:13:00,040 --> 00:13:03,360 Speaker 1: Hudson and his entire crew were stuck in the freezing cold, 231 00:13:04,120 --> 00:13:06,800 Speaker 1: and it is not a big jump of logic to 232 00:13:07,080 --> 00:13:11,199 Speaker 1: suspect that things went horribly. In the middle of November, 233 00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:13,920 Speaker 1: one of the crew died of exposure and had to 234 00:13:13,960 --> 00:13:16,800 Speaker 1: be buried in a shallow grave because the soil was 235 00:13:16,880 --> 00:13:21,360 Speaker 1: too frozen to dig ad actual grave. When Henry Green, 236 00:13:21,520 --> 00:13:25,320 Speaker 1: the gambling troublemaker who he mentioned earlier, said that he 237 00:13:25,400 --> 00:13:28,960 Speaker 1: wanted the dead crewman's coat, Hudson gave it to him, 238 00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:34,000 Speaker 1: and this was a problem. Yeah, Normally, when a crewman died, 239 00:13:34,559 --> 00:13:37,360 Speaker 1: his belongings would be auctioned and the proceeds of those 240 00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:39,640 Speaker 1: sales would be given to his family when the ship 241 00:13:39,679 --> 00:13:41,839 Speaker 1: returned to port. This would have been the honorable way 242 00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:46,640 Speaker 1: to handle it, uh terms of like tradition of the wayfarers. 243 00:13:47,240 --> 00:13:50,200 Speaker 1: And when Hudson handed over the deceased coat to Green, 244 00:13:50,840 --> 00:13:53,760 Speaker 1: the crew was incense. He had basically completely thrown out 245 00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:57,120 Speaker 1: all of their usual protocols, and moreover, he had given 246 00:13:57,160 --> 00:13:58,720 Speaker 1: the coat to a person that was not even a 247 00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:01,240 Speaker 1: crew member, just this guy who was kind of a 248 00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:05,920 Speaker 1: pain in the neck to begin with. Then Hudson ordered Staff, 249 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:08,520 Speaker 1: who was the ship's carpenter, to build them a house 250 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:12,240 Speaker 1: on shore. So Staff told him number one, that was impossible, 251 00:14:12,280 --> 00:14:15,480 Speaker 1: and number two, he was not a house carpenter, and 252 00:14:15,640 --> 00:14:19,880 Speaker 1: Hudson struck him and threatened to have him hanged. The 253 00:14:20,040 --> 00:14:22,600 Speaker 1: two of them eventually cooled off, and Staff did build 254 00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:26,200 Speaker 1: a makeshift house, but he also became friends with Green, 255 00:14:26,400 --> 00:14:32,960 Speaker 1: which really seems to infuriate Hudson. And so this starts 256 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:35,800 Speaker 1: to really read like a playground argument, except when you 257 00:14:35,840 --> 00:14:39,640 Speaker 1: consider the fact that these people are starving they are freezing, 258 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:43,640 Speaker 1: and like their lives are basically at stake. It really 259 00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:47,560 Speaker 1: puts a kind of startling perspective on the whole thing. 260 00:14:47,960 --> 00:14:50,840 Speaker 1: So Hudson took the coat that he had given Green 261 00:14:51,080 --> 00:14:53,840 Speaker 1: back and instead he gave it to crewman Robert by 262 00:14:53,880 --> 00:14:55,760 Speaker 1: a lot Like. He was mad that Green was now 263 00:14:55,840 --> 00:14:59,080 Speaker 1: friends with this carpenter who had made him angry before. 264 00:14:59,880 --> 00:15:02,840 Speaker 1: H Uh and Green and Hudson had a massive fight 265 00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:06,360 Speaker 1: about it. Some pretty ugly insults about Green's personal life 266 00:15:06,960 --> 00:15:10,200 Speaker 1: were exposed and thrown about by Hudson. Remember, they had 267 00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:13,040 Speaker 1: been friends prior to this, they knew each other, and 268 00:15:13,320 --> 00:15:15,200 Speaker 1: after this point that was pretty much the end of 269 00:15:15,200 --> 00:15:19,400 Speaker 1: their friendship. They were never friends again. Once the shelter 270 00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:22,520 Speaker 1: was built, there was a decent stab at survival going on. 271 00:15:22,680 --> 00:15:25,360 Speaker 1: The men were able to shoot about a hundred dozen 272 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:28,320 Speaker 1: birds for food and catch a lot of fish, but 273 00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:31,280 Speaker 1: after a few months all of the animals had either 274 00:15:31,600 --> 00:15:36,480 Speaker 1: migrated to warmer areas or already been eaten, and so 275 00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:39,240 Speaker 1: as winter wore on, they were running out of food 276 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:41,880 Speaker 1: and a lot of the men developed scurvy from malnutrition. 277 00:15:42,560 --> 00:15:45,880 Speaker 1: At one point, one of the area natives came to 278 00:15:45,960 --> 00:15:49,240 Speaker 1: trade with them, and brought pelts but no food, and 279 00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:53,320 Speaker 1: Hudson made a fairly demanding trade, and while the native 280 00:15:53,400 --> 00:15:56,280 Speaker 1: acquiesced and sort of suggested that he would be back, 281 00:15:56,320 --> 00:15:59,880 Speaker 1: he never came back again, and in a desperate as 282 00:16:00,160 --> 00:16:03,320 Speaker 1: to get more food, Hudson actually took a small boat 283 00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:06,640 Speaker 1: out with a net and attempted to fish. Incidentally, that 284 00:16:06,760 --> 00:16:09,560 Speaker 1: same boat had been sort of the focus of some 285 00:16:09,640 --> 00:16:12,280 Speaker 1: plans by some of the men to just run and 286 00:16:12,360 --> 00:16:13,960 Speaker 1: strike out on their own. They're like, let's just take 287 00:16:13,960 --> 00:16:16,000 Speaker 1: the boat and go. We're gonna leave these guys and 288 00:16:16,040 --> 00:16:17,880 Speaker 1: do our own thing. We have a better chance of survival. 289 00:16:18,240 --> 00:16:21,440 Speaker 1: But Hudson took the boat out uh to try to 290 00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:23,920 Speaker 1: get some fish, and he also tried to make contact 291 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:26,640 Speaker 1: with the natives in the area, but when the Native 292 00:16:26,680 --> 00:16:30,040 Speaker 1: Americans saw him coming, they apparently set fire to the 293 00:16:30,080 --> 00:16:32,840 Speaker 1: woods so that he could not approach. At this point, 294 00:16:32,840 --> 00:16:35,200 Speaker 1: the ice was cracking and melting, and the crew started 295 00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:38,880 Speaker 1: gathering supplies to leave. They were also collecting wood and 296 00:16:38,920 --> 00:16:43,960 Speaker 1: water and materials to use this ballast. And as June 297 00:16:44,040 --> 00:16:46,480 Speaker 1: came and the Discovery was at last ready to leave 298 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:52,360 Speaker 1: North America and return home, Hudson reportedly weeping distributed the 299 00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:55,040 Speaker 1: remaining food that they had left evenly among the men, 300 00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:59,360 Speaker 1: and several of the men, including Green, who was a 301 00:16:59,400 --> 00:17:03,800 Speaker 1: troublemaker UH, consumed their rations far too quickly, and then 302 00:17:03,840 --> 00:17:05,960 Speaker 1: when they were out of their own food, they accused 303 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:10,159 Speaker 1: Hudson of hoarding additional food for himself. Some of the 304 00:17:10,200 --> 00:17:13,479 Speaker 1: men came forward to say they had seen additional food 305 00:17:13,560 --> 00:17:17,280 Speaker 1: that had not been distributed, but Hudson showed the rest 306 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:19,040 Speaker 1: of the food to the crew, and it hadn't been 307 00:17:19,040 --> 00:17:22,639 Speaker 1: distributed because it was spoiled and rancid. But even so, 308 00:17:22,840 --> 00:17:26,320 Speaker 1: the tensions only got worse. So after the ship was 309 00:17:26,359 --> 00:17:30,399 Speaker 1: able to make way, Hudson then made what seems like 310 00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:34,359 Speaker 1: a really odd decision. It appears, instead of heading straight 311 00:17:34,359 --> 00:17:37,360 Speaker 1: back to England, which is what every man on board wanted, 312 00:17:37,840 --> 00:17:40,760 Speaker 1: he wanted to try again to find a northwest passage 313 00:17:40,760 --> 00:17:43,760 Speaker 1: to the Pacific. He also seemed to kind of want 314 00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:47,040 Speaker 1: to dither around in James Bay UH and this has 315 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:49,879 Speaker 1: actually led to some theories that there was a whole 316 00:17:50,080 --> 00:17:53,879 Speaker 1: separate secondary plot going on that he was looking for 317 00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:57,560 Speaker 1: something specific, such as treasure of some sort, possibly as 318 00:17:57,600 --> 00:18:00,879 Speaker 1: a secret mission from his boss's back home, possibly based 319 00:18:00,880 --> 00:18:05,560 Speaker 1: on some other information he had received, because some historians 320 00:18:05,560 --> 00:18:08,280 Speaker 1: will say, no, it looks like he was really pretty methodically, 321 00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:12,080 Speaker 1: like sounding this coastline over and over in four passes, 322 00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:14,399 Speaker 1: and that comes up a couple different times where he 323 00:18:14,440 --> 00:18:17,760 Speaker 1: makes what looks like four passes through weird areas, like 324 00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:20,679 Speaker 1: why would you just be hanging out there? So there 325 00:18:20,680 --> 00:18:22,399 Speaker 1: are some that think there was actually a method to 326 00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:25,719 Speaker 1: his madness, but quite frankly, it could also just as 327 00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:27,880 Speaker 1: easily be the poor decisions of a man that had 328 00:18:27,880 --> 00:18:32,719 Speaker 1: been addled by an incredibly grueling year. Regardless of the 329 00:18:32,800 --> 00:18:37,639 Speaker 1: reasons for his admittedly odd choices, they were just too 330 00:18:37,760 --> 00:18:40,240 Speaker 1: much for the crew, and a full on mutiny took 331 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:45,240 Speaker 1: place on July twenty sixteen eleven. Henry Hudson, his son John, 332 00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:48,200 Speaker 1: and seven others were put on a boat and left 333 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:52,480 Speaker 1: to fend for themselves, and as that boat was set adrift, 334 00:18:53,240 --> 00:18:55,119 Speaker 1: Hudson is said to have called back to one of 335 00:18:55,119 --> 00:18:58,359 Speaker 1: the mutineers that they should be aware of Jewett, but 336 00:18:58,440 --> 00:19:00,359 Speaker 1: the man shouted back that it had not and jew It, 337 00:19:00,480 --> 00:19:03,120 Speaker 1: but in fact had been Green that led the mutiny. 338 00:19:03,640 --> 00:19:08,040 Speaker 1: So it was apparently Hudson's friend who had turned on him, 339 00:19:08,080 --> 00:19:11,040 Speaker 1: who really turned on him, and for a while all 340 00:19:11,040 --> 00:19:12,919 Speaker 1: the small boat that Hudson and his son and these 341 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:15,520 Speaker 1: other men were in attempted to follow the discovery just 342 00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:18,760 Speaker 1: using oar power, but once they ship gained some speed 343 00:19:18,760 --> 00:19:21,840 Speaker 1: and the sales were fully deployed, that was a pretty 344 00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:26,240 Speaker 1: fruitless effort. The mutineers immediately went in search of the 345 00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:29,159 Speaker 1: food that they still believed Hudson had been hoarding, but 346 00:19:29,240 --> 00:19:33,760 Speaker 1: they only found a very few paltry items, and initially 347 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:36,520 Speaker 1: Green was the leader of the mutineers once they had 348 00:19:36,600 --> 00:19:40,359 Speaker 1: dumped their commander Hudson, but it really didn't matter very much. 349 00:19:41,040 --> 00:19:43,919 Speaker 1: Before long they had run a foul of Native Americans 350 00:19:43,920 --> 00:19:46,760 Speaker 1: that they encountered and of each other. There was a 351 00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:50,240 Speaker 1: lot of infighting. Green, along with several other mutineers, was 352 00:19:50,320 --> 00:19:53,040 Speaker 1: killed in one of many skirmishes that they had with 353 00:19:53,119 --> 00:19:57,560 Speaker 1: Native Americans. Jewitt eventually died of starvation on the voyage home. 354 00:19:57,640 --> 00:19:59,960 Speaker 1: Once they had kind of cleared North America and we're 355 00:20:00,080 --> 00:20:04,439 Speaker 1: headed out across the Atlantic Ocean, and all of the 356 00:20:04,520 --> 00:20:07,760 Speaker 1: ringleaders in this mutiny perished before they could return to England. 357 00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:13,240 Speaker 1: Eight survivors made it to Ireland on September six, sixteen eleven. 358 00:20:13,800 --> 00:20:16,919 Speaker 1: They sold their cable and anchor there for food, and 359 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,800 Speaker 1: all of them were really close to death from starvation. 360 00:20:20,359 --> 00:20:22,840 Speaker 1: They had subsisted for the last leg of their journey 361 00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:27,160 Speaker 1: on bird bones fried in candle grease, and the birds, 362 00:20:27,240 --> 00:20:30,440 Speaker 1: which were most mostly gulls, had all been consumed long 363 00:20:30,520 --> 00:20:34,439 Speaker 1: before the remaining men finally got home to London on 364 00:20:34,560 --> 00:20:39,480 Speaker 1: October twenty after one year, four months and three weeks away, 365 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:44,120 Speaker 1: and all of those men were charged with mutiny, all 366 00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:46,960 Speaker 1: of the surviving men, but the trial didn't take place 367 00:20:46,960 --> 00:20:50,520 Speaker 1: for nearly seven years, so sixteen eighteen before the trial started, 368 00:20:50,840 --> 00:20:54,760 Speaker 1: and in that time several of the men had already died. Uh. 369 00:20:55,720 --> 00:20:58,560 Speaker 1: The rest, seemingly just because at that point it was 370 00:20:58,600 --> 00:21:02,159 Speaker 1: a hassle and there really wasn't much to go on, 371 00:21:03,720 --> 00:21:08,960 Speaker 1: were acquitted and freed. Although two of the men returned 372 00:21:08,960 --> 00:21:12,399 Speaker 1: to North America to try to find a Hudson or 373 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:15,399 Speaker 1: any other members of the party they abandoned, nothing was 374 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:19,720 Speaker 1: ever found, and it's presumed that they all died of exposure. Yeah, 375 00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:22,239 Speaker 1: there are actually some folk tales that have built up 376 00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:25,680 Speaker 1: around it. There's one tale that I think it's um 377 00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:27,879 Speaker 1: I'm may be wrong. I'm doing this from memory. I 378 00:21:27,880 --> 00:21:29,479 Speaker 1: did not put into my notes. I think it's an 379 00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:35,359 Speaker 1: Inuit tale that there was a a young English child 380 00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:39,240 Speaker 1: found in a boat that then was raised uh Inuits, 381 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:42,120 Speaker 1: and some people have speculated that that is in fact 382 00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:46,160 Speaker 1: John Hudson, but that's really there's no evidence. It's all 383 00:21:46,200 --> 00:21:47,880 Speaker 1: just folklore at that point. And there are a few 384 00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:51,439 Speaker 1: other folklorish chyle tales about no the men survived and 385 00:21:51,480 --> 00:21:54,320 Speaker 1: they settled, and but we really don't have any evidence 386 00:21:54,359 --> 00:21:57,080 Speaker 1: to back that up. It's just sort of fun speculation 387 00:21:57,160 --> 00:22:00,959 Speaker 1: at that point. So Henry Hudson was very successful at 388 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:03,720 Speaker 1: finding a passage to Asia, but his exploration of North 389 00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:08,320 Speaker 1: America is often credited with catalyzing interest and colonization for 390 00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:12,239 Speaker 1: both Dutch and English settlers. His name, as many of 391 00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:14,720 Speaker 1: you listening probably know, has not only been given to 392 00:22:14,880 --> 00:22:18,240 Speaker 1: bodies of water, but also schools, towns. You can find 393 00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:21,080 Speaker 1: it on bridges and their memorials to these men throughout 394 00:22:21,119 --> 00:22:23,920 Speaker 1: the US and Canada. So while he was not really 395 00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:26,680 Speaker 1: a success in his primary mission, he did leave quite 396 00:22:26,680 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: a legacy, though we don't know what happened to him 397 00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:35,040 Speaker 1: in the end. There seems to be folklore surrounding just 398 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:40,639 Speaker 1: about every lost party of explorers. Oh yeah, we recently 399 00:22:41,480 --> 00:22:46,000 Speaker 1: put up a link about the latest confirmation of UH 400 00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:52,040 Speaker 1: findings in what Happened to Amelia Earhart, and somebody commented, 401 00:22:52,520 --> 00:22:54,719 Speaker 1: I grew up in so and so, and there's all 402 00:22:54,800 --> 00:22:59,040 Speaker 1: kinds of local lore about a woman who came to 403 00:22:59,119 --> 00:23:02,480 Speaker 1: live with us after ditching an airplane. And then somebody replied, 404 00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:04,840 Speaker 1: I live and so and so, and we have the 405 00:23:04,880 --> 00:23:07,840 Speaker 1: exact same story. Yeah. I mean, part of that I 406 00:23:07,880 --> 00:23:10,720 Speaker 1: think is sort of the there's a wishful thinking element 407 00:23:10,800 --> 00:23:13,560 Speaker 1: to it. You want to think that these guys survived, 408 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:15,520 Speaker 1: and in like the case of Amelia air Heart, that 409 00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:17,600 Speaker 1: woman survived. You want to think that people make it 410 00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:22,280 Speaker 1: through these horrible times. But you know, often that is 411 00:23:22,320 --> 00:23:24,880 Speaker 1: probably not the case. Although it is all you never know, 412 00:23:25,240 --> 00:23:28,080 Speaker 1: you know. I tend to be an Okham's razor kind 413 00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:30,840 Speaker 1: of girl. We're the most likely explanation is probably what happened. 414 00:23:30,920 --> 00:23:33,680 Speaker 1: I imagine they died of exposure. That is a rough 415 00:23:33,680 --> 00:23:35,639 Speaker 1: part of the world, to just be set adrift alone 416 00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:42,000 Speaker 1: in with no supplies, but onto more delightful things. I 417 00:23:42,080 --> 00:23:44,760 Speaker 1: have a couple of pieces of listener mail, So the 418 00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:48,680 Speaker 1: first one is from our listener Colleen and she uh 419 00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:51,399 Speaker 1: sent us this lovely little booklet which is included in 420 00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:53,879 Speaker 1: a note card, and I it made me giggle because Colleen, 421 00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:55,879 Speaker 1: you and I use the exact same note cards to 422 00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:58,760 Speaker 1: have kiddies on them. It just says something to what 423 00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:01,119 Speaker 1: your appetites to do a little of research on this topic. 424 00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:03,280 Speaker 1: Don't let the port writing in the booklet fool you. 425 00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:05,720 Speaker 1: It's an interesting and inspired chapter in our history. And 426 00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:08,399 Speaker 1: the museum is great, uh. And it is about women 427 00:24:08,400 --> 00:24:10,760 Speaker 1: pilots of World War Two, and it is a really 428 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:12,560 Speaker 1: cute little booklet. And what I really like is that 429 00:24:12,600 --> 00:24:15,800 Speaker 1: there are lots of great photographs and uh it makes 430 00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:21,240 Speaker 1: me want to do uh more vintage adorable bomber jackets 431 00:24:21,480 --> 00:24:24,280 Speaker 1: and cute outfits. And there's also UM. One of the 432 00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:26,560 Speaker 1: things that really struck me in this booklet is an 433 00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:30,480 Speaker 1: image of UM. This mascot called Fifi and it was 434 00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:34,120 Speaker 1: designed by Walt Disney Studios as the Wasp mascot. So 435 00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:37,920 Speaker 1: the mascot of women pilots related to my Disney love. 436 00:24:37,960 --> 00:24:41,480 Speaker 1: I love that. We also got this amazing calendar from 437 00:24:41,480 --> 00:24:46,200 Speaker 1: one of our listeners. It is from our listener, Yvonne, 438 00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:49,080 Speaker 1: and she um I will read her whole letter because 439 00:24:49,080 --> 00:24:50,560 Speaker 1: it's a little bit lengthy, but I wanted to talk 440 00:24:50,560 --> 00:24:52,600 Speaker 1: about the calendar a bit. First of all, she has 441 00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:55,280 Speaker 1: a daughter named Robin, who uh is in the service, 442 00:24:55,320 --> 00:24:57,920 Speaker 1: so I want to thank Robin for her service. Uh. 443 00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:01,000 Speaker 1: And also she sent us this great calendar because it 444 00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:03,840 Speaker 1: is it is related to her daughter, Sarah's work as 445 00:25:03,880 --> 00:25:06,479 Speaker 1: a roller derby girl. So Sarah's a roller girl and 446 00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:09,439 Speaker 1: her group, which is the Hellgate roller Girls, did this 447 00:25:09,480 --> 00:25:13,720 Speaker 1: calendar and they did it all as um. All of 448 00:25:13,760 --> 00:25:16,399 Speaker 1: the pictures are them posing as women in history, and 449 00:25:16,440 --> 00:25:19,960 Speaker 1: they're really wonderful. There's like sort of really cute ones. 450 00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:23,200 Speaker 1: There's one that's an Andrey Hepburn style breakfast at Tiffany's photo. 451 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,640 Speaker 1: There's a Buddhica in there, there is a Joan of Arc. 452 00:25:26,920 --> 00:25:29,480 Speaker 1: They're all really really lovely and I just love it, 453 00:25:29,560 --> 00:25:32,080 Speaker 1: so thank you Van. It made Tracy and I just 454 00:25:32,160 --> 00:25:36,199 Speaker 1: giggle with delight as we were flipping through the calendar. Uh. 455 00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:38,800 Speaker 1: And I also wanted to mention we got a letter 456 00:25:38,880 --> 00:25:42,600 Speaker 1: from our listener Mac and he wrote about our Halloween 457 00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:45,400 Speaker 1: candy episode UH and how it made him think about 458 00:25:45,400 --> 00:25:47,120 Speaker 1: his mom, who would dress as a witch and serve 459 00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:51,080 Speaker 1: coolated trick or treaters on Halloween, and he actually lost 460 00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:53,200 Speaker 1: his mother recently, so I wanted to send my condolences 461 00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:55,399 Speaker 1: and say that I am glad we could help you 462 00:25:55,440 --> 00:25:59,280 Speaker 1: with some happy memories during this time. So if you 463 00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:02,119 Speaker 1: would like to us, you can't do so. 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You get articles 479 00:26:45,359 --> 00:26:49,000 Speaker 1: on Hudson Bay and Hudson River, so those are related 480 00:26:49,040 --> 00:26:51,320 Speaker 1: to him of course, And if you want to visit 481 00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:53,560 Speaker 1: us at missed in history dot com that would be grand. 482 00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:55,840 Speaker 1: We have all of our back episodes there as well 483 00:26:55,880 --> 00:26:58,320 Speaker 1: as show notes for all of the episodes. Been a 484 00:26:58,359 --> 00:26:59,879 Speaker 1: cup in the last year and a half or so 485 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:03,359 Speaker 1: with his treacy and I came on, and we encourage 486 00:27:03,400 --> 00:27:05,320 Speaker 1: you to visit to both house to works dot com 487 00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:08,760 Speaker 1: and missed in History dot com for your researching and 488 00:27:08,840 --> 00:27:16,320 Speaker 1: just general knowledgy for more on this and thousands of 489 00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:21,639 Speaker 1: other topics. Is it how staff works dot com. M