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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sarah Dowdy. And Sarah was

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Speaker 1: in the mood for a little hot weather history this week,

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Speaker 1: so he decided to take on Hawaii and today's subject

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Speaker 1: is Kamehameha the Great, And have to start with a

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Speaker 1: little disclaimer. We had asked for some help with Hawaiian pronunciations,

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Speaker 1: so listener Jody was kind enough to call me and

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Speaker 1: give me her expertise. But any mistakes in this podcast

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Speaker 1: are mine and not hers or mine. So Kama was

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Speaker 1: born sometime around seventy eight, but he actually had a

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Speaker 1: different name, and it was Pie, which meant hard shelled

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Speaker 1: crab as a cancer I can sympathize. But his birth

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Speaker 1: carried an omen with it, and that's because there was

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Speaker 1: this bright star shining in the sky right before he

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Speaker 1: was born and it may have atually Ben Haley's comment,

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Speaker 1: and that's how we put his birth year sometime around

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Speaker 1: seventeen fifty eight because that's when the comment was around

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Speaker 1: um but some seers said that it pretended a conqueror

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Speaker 1: and the baby was almost killed because as we know,

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Speaker 1: most rulers don't like to hear that there's a little

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Speaker 1: baby being born. He might be the new king as Karen,

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Speaker 1: so it seemed like a good idea to get rid

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Speaker 1: of him before anything happened. But he was snuck away

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Speaker 1: and raised by another family and grows up and he

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Speaker 1: got his new name, Kamamea, which means the lonely one.

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Speaker 1: But eventually he was able to come out of hiding.

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Speaker 1: He'd made it very clear that he wanted to be

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Speaker 1: of service to the people who are in power, and

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Speaker 1: the higher ups to recognize that. And there were other

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Speaker 1: omens of his greatness. According to stories and not necessarily

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Speaker 1: to history, reminiscent of the sword and the stone, there

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Speaker 1: is something called the Naja stone, which weighs two and

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Speaker 1: a half tons, and the story went that if you

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Speaker 1: could move bit, you would be the person to unite

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Speaker 1: the islands, and supposedly Command Maya did. But in the

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Speaker 1: meantime we have a lot of other events going on,

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Speaker 1: and Europe had finally discovered Hawaii in seventeen seventy eight

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Speaker 1: when Captain James Cook arrived and he brought glass and

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Speaker 1: metal and nails and buttons and muskets and cannons, which

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Speaker 1: are two very importantly important things, and in return, Hawaii

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Speaker 1: had food like sweet potatoes and coconut and pork and

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Speaker 1: Comma Maya was actually one of the first people to

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Speaker 1: board Cook's ship, and Cook mentions him in a journal

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Speaker 1: He's really impressed with this intelligent, observant, inquisitive young man

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Speaker 1: and a fairly peaceful introduction of Europeans two Hawaiians. But

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Speaker 1: theft became a problem fairly early on, and after an

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Speaker 1: incident of a stolen boat, Cook and some of his

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Speaker 1: men tried to kidnap a chief for its ransom on

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Speaker 1: February fourteen, seventeen seventy nine, and they were killed with

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Speaker 1: daggers that they had given to the people, and the

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Speaker 1: Hawaiians took their weapons for their own. And these muskets

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Speaker 1: changed warfare for the Hawaiians, and merchants aided and abetted

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Speaker 1: the arms race because they could sell to one group,

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Speaker 1: and then they could sell to their enemies, and though

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Speaker 1: those groups might kill each other, the merchants would be

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Speaker 1: making a profit. Yeah, and Kamayama has really want to

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Speaker 1: realize the game changing importance of these weapons, and his

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Speaker 1: enemies realize it too, but it's it's his key to

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Speaker 1: ultimately unifying the islands, and he will ambush and steal

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Speaker 1: and kidnap to get these weapons. Kamama wasn't destined to

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Speaker 1: be king of anything, or at least that's not how

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Speaker 1: people thought of him. When King Colonio Poo died in

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Speaker 1: seventeen eighty two, Kamayama, his nephew, wasn't the first in

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Speaker 1: line to succeed. His cousin Kiela Oh was with his

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Speaker 1: cousin Koa also taking some lands and some power, and

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Speaker 1: instead Kamama was the guardian of the family war god,

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Speaker 1: which says something for how he was viewed. Of course,

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Speaker 1: the war god is not just any god, but this

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Speaker 1: is where the trouble really starts. There's a rebel chief

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Speaker 1: who dies, and it was Kayla's responsibility to offer his

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Speaker 1: body to the gods. But during the middle of the ceremony,

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Speaker 1: Kamameha stepped in and did it himself, and that was

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Speaker 1: very shocking. And it either was a really bold move,

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Speaker 1: like a bold power grab, or it was a major

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Speaker 1: sign of disrespect. But we don't know his motives. We

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Speaker 1: do know the result because from then on it's him

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Speaker 1: versus his two cousins. Ko makes the first move against him,

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Speaker 1: cutting down the coconut trees of Kamamea, which was a

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Speaker 1: big sign of disrespect, and Kamamea has to fight back.

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Speaker 1: So all other factions on the island pick sides, and

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Speaker 1: there was a battle in two kila Oh was killed

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Speaker 1: at this battle, and kamame A one over ka Hua,

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Speaker 1: but it wasn't over there. These fights would continue for

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Speaker 1: nine years with Hawaii locked in civil war, and we

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Speaker 1: have an interesting story that emerges that is a major

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Speaker 1: part of the Commameha legend. In a strike against a rival,

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Speaker 1: he kills women and children and innocent followers, and commandman

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Speaker 1: himself falls during this fight, and a fisherman hits him

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Speaker 1: over the head with a paddle and he doesn't die,

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Speaker 1: but he takes away a lesson from it, and that's

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Speaker 1: that you shouldn't attack peaceful people. And it ultimately leads

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Speaker 1: to a law in seventeen seven, the Law of the

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Speaker 1: Splintered Paddle, appropriately enough, which gave a certain amount of

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Speaker 1: protection to innocent civilians from their brutal overlords. But seventeen

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Speaker 1: ninety seven is skipping ahead a bit, So we're going

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Speaker 1: to go back near the beginning of our Civil War

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Speaker 1: in seventeen ninety, a ship called the Fair American arise

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Speaker 1: in Hawaii, and unbeknownst to the people on it, one

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Speaker 1: of the Hawaiian chiefs had had an altercation with the

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Speaker 1: occupants of a different European ship and vowed revenge on

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Speaker 1: the next one that came in, and Fair American, you

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Speaker 1: are that unlucky one. Everyone on the ship was beaten

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Speaker 1: to death after being thrown overboard, except a man named

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Speaker 1: Isaac Davis. But Davis wasn't alone on this rescue boat.

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Speaker 1: There had been another white man, captured, John Young, earlier

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Speaker 1: from another ship. So there are two of them, and

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Speaker 1: Cama Maya claims the rescue boat and the two men

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Speaker 1: and Davis and Young try to escape, but eventually they

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Speaker 1: become his advisers and his interpreters, and they teach him

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Speaker 1: about um muskets and cannons and foreign military strategy and

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Speaker 1: pass on these lessons to his men too. And this

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Speaker 1: gives Command Maha a huge leg up on the competition,

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Speaker 1: because if you're going to be fighting with European weapons,

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Speaker 1: you need to understand not only how to use them,

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Speaker 1: but understand European strategy comames next military engagement came Curtis

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Speaker 1: see of Kahi Kile arrival who may have been his father,

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Speaker 1: and he ruled Oah Who, Maui and Molokai, and he

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Speaker 1: wasn't someone to mess with. He got oah Who in

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Speaker 1: the first place by killing his foster son, torturing the

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Speaker 1: chiefs and then making a house frame of their bones.

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Speaker 1: In her outline Katie actually a skeleton of a house

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Speaker 1: with in parentheses ha ha an idea of our process there.

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Speaker 1: So this guy supports Koa, who is commands enemy on

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Speaker 1: the island of Hawaii, and Kamomea reaches a decision he

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Speaker 1: can beat Koa if he can just get rid of

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Speaker 1: this possible father figure and the support that he's giving

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Speaker 1: to his number one enemy. On his side, Kamama has

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Speaker 1: cannons and muskets, well trained men, and his own military genius,

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Speaker 1: so his prospects are good. And in sevent Kahekile leaves

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Speaker 1: Maui to visit Oah who perfect perfect opportunity, Chameamea invades

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Speaker 1: Maui and according to an article in military history, and

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Speaker 1: I'm going to quote his strategy better known in Hawaiian

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Speaker 1: chronicles than in Western history books predates the island topping

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Speaker 1: campaigns employed by General Douglas MacArthur in New Guinea and

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Speaker 1: by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz and the Central Pacific by

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Speaker 1: more than one hundred and fifty years. So he's using

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Speaker 1: very modern techniques and ultimately he conquers. But there's one problem.

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Speaker 1: While he was gone, Koa started causing trouble back home

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Speaker 1: on Hawaii. That's why you don't leave your island to

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Speaker 1: go attack someone else's, and the lesson we learned. So

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Speaker 1: they fight and Koa ends up giving up this round,

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Speaker 1: but while he's headed home, a volcano erupts and kills

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Speaker 1: a third of his men, which could not have been

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Speaker 1: a good omen, but he remains obstinate in his quest

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Speaker 1: for Hawaii. So it keeps going on and on for years,

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Speaker 1: and you have to wonder how it's going to resolve itself.

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Speaker 1: Kamehameha invites him to a meeting. You know, let's let's

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Speaker 1: get the two rival factions together. So Kayoa gets dressed

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Speaker 1: up and brings his canoe and his men to meet him,

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Speaker 1: But right after he arrives, he's blocked in the bay

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Speaker 1: and kamam As men are on the beach with muskets

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Speaker 1: and cannons. So Kamehameha asked Kayoa to step forward to

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Speaker 1: be greeted, and when he does, he's killed with a

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Speaker 1: spear by an ally of Kamamas and then his men

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Speaker 1: are killed. So we don't know whether it was Kamama's

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Speaker 1: idea or an independent action by his ally, but civil

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Speaker 1: war has now been quelled on the island of Hawaii

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Speaker 1: and Kamehameha has it all. So with the two original

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Speaker 1: heirs to the two cousins, Kamamea is finally in possession

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Speaker 1: of Hawaii, but he has some unfinished business, and that's

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Speaker 1: what we're going to get to next. So if you

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Speaker 1: remember Kamehamea's defeat of Maui, which you should because it

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Speaker 1: was about thirty seconds ago, Kaye Kile is not pleased

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Speaker 1: and he hatches a plan with the men of the

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Speaker 1: island of Kawaii to team up and strike against him

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Speaker 1: and Kahekile has canons now too, and his own white

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Speaker 1: European military adviser, so perhaps he has a chance, and

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Speaker 1: they engage in battle on the water. There are many deaths,

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Speaker 1: but neither side one, which you know, that's war for you.

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Speaker 1: But European influence is growing on these battle fields, and

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Speaker 1: the big example of this happens in about seventeen ninety

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Speaker 1: two when the Englishman William Brown offers to trade military

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Speaker 1: help military assistance to kah Kile for the island of Oahu.

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Speaker 1: So now Kamehameha's enemy has his own frigate, so he's

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Speaker 1: starting the skills are starting to tip a little here.

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Speaker 1: If Kamehameha looked like he was on the top at first,

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Speaker 1: it's not looking so great anymore. So he needs something

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Speaker 1: similar to face his rival, and he allies himself with

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Speaker 1: Captain George Vancouver, getting a ship in exchange for Hawaiian harbors,

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Speaker 1: but Vancouver won't give him any guns and tries to

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Speaker 1: get chiefs to reconcile, which is not the William Brown approach,

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Speaker 1: as we will see. Then we have a twist. Ka

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Speaker 1: Kile dies in sevente and now his sons take his place.

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Speaker 1: Kolonnikopola has Oahu and kaya Kulani has Kawaii, Molokai and Lenai.

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Speaker 1: But the two brothers fight as people tend to do

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Speaker 1: over their inheritances, and kaya Kulani decides to go to

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Speaker 1: war and attack his brother's island Oahu, but Kolonikpola gets

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Speaker 1: wind of this plan and waits for his brother, and

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Speaker 1: he has the advantage of Brown ship backing him up

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Speaker 1: with all that European weaponry, so he stays pretty nearby,

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Speaker 1: and so kaya Kulani loses and he's actually killed in

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Speaker 1: part because of Brown's cannons. And we learn another big

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Speaker 1: lesson in this podcast, which is not to wear bright

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Speaker 1: colors in battle because when you do, it makes it

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Speaker 1: a lot easier to hit you with a cannonball. Yeah, exactly.

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Speaker 1: So Kalona cap is not very grateful though about Brown's

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Speaker 1: helped all his great weaponry his vote, and he kills

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Speaker 1: Brown and puts his body on a pole, which is

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Speaker 1: interesting because this is kind of contemporary to a friend

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Speaker 1: revolution revolution style. But um next he takes all of

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Speaker 1: Brown's men and enlist them in his next cause, which

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Speaker 1: is to attack Kammeha. He's probably thinking he's on top

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Speaker 1: of the world right now, he's just killed his brother,

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Speaker 1: He's about to take over. No, no, he's not. It

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Speaker 1: doesn't last long. The Englishman take over the ship and

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Speaker 1: throw him overboard, and still ticked off, they make their

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Speaker 1: way to Hawaii and hand over all of the weapons

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Speaker 1: and Ammune to Kamamea. So everyone's angry at Kilanik. He

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Speaker 1: wasn't dead from getting cost overboard, asked repeatedly during this

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Speaker 1: is he dead? Is he dead? No? He never is this.

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Speaker 1: This guy is like a zombie or something in this podcast.

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Speaker 1: He has no European support, he has no weapons, and Kamama,

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Speaker 1: on the other hand, has all of these things along

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Speaker 1: with two ships. So Kamamea attacks in short order Maui,

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Speaker 1: Molokai and Lenai. But there is treachery afoot. His High

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Speaker 1: Chief Kayana is on the outs with the big guy,

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Speaker 1: so he isn't invited to key meetings, which displeases him greatly.

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Speaker 1: That's partly because he slept with kamame as wife, so

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Speaker 1: don't do that either. And he takes fifteen hundred of

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Speaker 1: his men and meets up with Kilanni Kopul and this

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Speaker 1: engagement is known as the Battle of New Uanu and

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Speaker 1: it happens in April sev and Kayana, who is you know?

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Speaker 1: He's been the high he has the number two. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he has all this military knowledge. He knows what he's doing.

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Speaker 1: He's familiar with weaponry, he's familiar with how Kamehameha thinks

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Speaker 1: and how he fights, the places he might attack, how

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Speaker 1: he might do it. So he picks very strong physicians,

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Speaker 1: and for a while it seems like his defense is unbreakable.

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Speaker 1: But he too makes the fatal mistake of wearing bright

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Speaker 1: colors in war, and a cannon ball hits him too,

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Speaker 1: and when he dies, everything completely falls apart. Colonni copulas.

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Speaker 1: Men get their women and children to a safe place

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Speaker 1: before they face off with kamame As warriors, and they

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Speaker 1: have no chance. They lose badly, and while some escape,

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Speaker 1: most were driven off a seven hundred foot cliff. But

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Speaker 1: Klonipa does escape. Like I said, this guy does not die. Supposedly, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he goes off to live as a disgraced person in

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Speaker 1: the mountains. So all that we have now for Commandma

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Speaker 1: to win is Kawaii, and that takes a little while.

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Speaker 1: There's a storm, there's a revolt, an epidemic, and so

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Speaker 1: it takes until about eighteen ten before the chief of

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Speaker 1: Kawaii actually gives it over to him. But that set

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Speaker 1: then the Hawaiian islands are unified, and he's king of

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Speaker 1: them all. Some call him Hawaii's strongest ruler because he

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Speaker 1: unified the islands. He managed to keep Hawaii's independence for

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Speaker 1: quite a long time, and he made his rule an

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Speaker 1: era of peace. And he was really a strong ruler,

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Speaker 1: especially compared to some of the rulers who followed him.

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Speaker 1: And we're going to talk a little bit about that

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Speaker 1: in another podcast. But he stood up to European influence

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Speaker 1: actually used it to his advantage. I mean, that's what

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Speaker 1: made him the strong ruler he was. But he didn't

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Speaker 1: give way at all. Now, he kept his islands wealthy

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Speaker 1: with a monopoly on sandalwood and on port duties. And

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Speaker 1: as far as his own rule, there were some laws,

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Speaker 1: but he also outlawed human sacrifice and let the islands

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Speaker 1: have their own governors. And we can't forget the rest

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Speaker 1: of his military legacy. According to one article we read,

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Speaker 1: he assembled the largest mobile force of warriors ever organized,

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Speaker 1: which is saying something. And he also developed some pretty

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Speaker 1: cool military technologies like artillery on double canoes, which sounds awesome.

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Speaker 1: And while we missed it this year, we're hoping to

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Speaker 1: catch this next year. Cama Maya Day June eleven, is

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Speaker 1: a state holiday in Hawaii, so that is your chance

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Speaker 1: to celebrate him, and as for the future of Hawaii's monarchy,

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Speaker 1: you'll have to wait for our next installment. And that

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Speaker 1: brings us to listener mail. So this message comes from

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Speaker 1: listener Auto and it was in response to our Emperor

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Speaker 1: Norton podcast, and he wrote, I very much enjoyed your

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Speaker 1: wreath of podcast about Joshua Norton, but was surprised as

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Speaker 1: there was no mention of his widow quote. Jose Syria

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Speaker 1: Syria was a drag queen working in San Francisco in

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Speaker 1: the nineteen fifties and sixties, and was an early proponent

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Speaker 1: of LGBT rights at a time when advocating for homosexuals,

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Speaker 1: much less being openly gay, was almost unheard of. He

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Speaker 1: specialized in performing parodic operas, with a particular favorite being

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Speaker 1: a parody of Buzz's Carmen. He was known as the

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Speaker 1: Nightingale of Montgomery Street, and he actually goes on to

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Speaker 1: proclaim himself her Royal Majesty, Empress of San Francisco, Jose

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Speaker 1: the first the widow of Norton, which is pretty awesome

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Speaker 1: and we loved that. I'm sorry we didn't run into

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Speaker 1: that fact while we were researching and if you'd like

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Speaker 1: to email us with some extra little tidbits to that

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Speaker 1: A podcast we've done our email is History Podcast at

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Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. It's not the only way

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Speaker 1: to keep in touch. We're on Twitter at missed in

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Speaker 1: History and we have a Facebook fan page. And if

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Speaker 1: you've like to check out a cool article that's related

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Speaker 1: to this podcast, look for the top ten game changing

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Speaker 1: military technologies on our shome page at www dot how

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Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. For more on this and thousands

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Speaker 1: of other topics, visit how stuff works dot com and

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Speaker 1: be sure to check out this dof you missed in

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Speaker 1: History glass blog on the how stuff works dot com

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