1 00:00:01,520 --> 00:00:04,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from house Stuff 2 00:00:04,720 --> 00:00:13,080 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:16,320 Speaker 1: Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and there's Jerry 4 00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:20,639 Speaker 1: Rowland and uh, this is stuff you should know the podcast. 5 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:24,840 Speaker 1: It's the bomb. It is not the bomb du bomb 6 00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:30,000 Speaker 1: even that's right. So it was, but it was okay, 7 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:33,800 Speaker 1: it worked for this one. Have you heard? Go ahead? 8 00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:36,280 Speaker 1: I was gonna say, you know, it didn't work for 9 00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:40,320 Speaker 1: this one. Was this the intro long intro which was 10 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:43,920 Speaker 1: a nice story but has nothing so I would like 11 00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:46,200 Speaker 1: to cover that at some point. Yeah, it's a true story. 12 00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:50,000 Speaker 1: Let's leave it a secret. Yeah, everybody. Sorry. So, um, 13 00:00:50,159 --> 00:00:54,720 Speaker 1: had you heard of Operation Plowshare before? So, guys, there's 14 00:00:54,760 --> 00:00:59,480 Speaker 1: this really awesome Slate article um about Operations Plowshare. It's 15 00:00:59,520 --> 00:01:03,440 Speaker 1: a it's actually, um an excerpt from a book. I 16 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,080 Speaker 1: can't remember what the book is called, but um, it 17 00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:09,600 Speaker 1: was on Slate. It's worth checking out. But just look 18 00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:12,920 Speaker 1: up operation plosh here and Slate. This guy goes into 19 00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:15,080 Speaker 1: it's actually called What Could Go Wrong? It's by Ed 20 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:20,200 Speaker 1: Regious bam um that it's a guy who wrote a 21 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:23,200 Speaker 1: book on Operation plows Share. And they excerpted on slate. Oh, 22 00:01:23,240 --> 00:01:24,640 Speaker 1: I thought you were going to say. He was like, 23 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:26,880 Speaker 1: you know some my important like Brian Gumble. You know, 24 00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:29,440 Speaker 1: I was bamming like my own like so quick I 25 00:01:29,480 --> 00:01:31,400 Speaker 1: got the answer that I was looking for. I was 26 00:01:31,480 --> 00:01:34,200 Speaker 1: able to stall without coming off as stalling while I 27 00:01:34,200 --> 00:01:40,039 Speaker 1: found the answer. I was just so um, I've heard 28 00:01:40,040 --> 00:01:42,760 Speaker 1: about this when when I read that article, but I 29 00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:45,520 Speaker 1: hadn't heard about it before. But Operation Plosh there is 30 00:01:45,560 --> 00:01:49,919 Speaker 1: basically this idea that we could use all of these 31 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:56,680 Speaker 1: surplus huge atomic bombs that we're laying around for civil 32 00:01:56,720 --> 00:02:00,640 Speaker 1: engineering projects, basically that we had to move earth. Yeah, 33 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:03,560 Speaker 1: that we had at our disposal developed in World War Two, 34 00:02:04,120 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: this incredible explosive capacity to yeah, like, why not use 35 00:02:09,639 --> 00:02:13,480 Speaker 1: it to move earth? We we could use a canal, 36 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:18,079 Speaker 1: let's make one. Yeah, Why bring a hundred bulldozers in 37 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:22,680 Speaker 1: for months and months and man hours when we can 38 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:26,480 Speaker 1: just drop a bomb and have a big hole right exactly. Weirdly, 39 00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:29,360 Speaker 1: it makes sense. It totally makes sense. Here's the problem 40 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:36,480 Speaker 1: with it, though, It's insane because to to use this 41 00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:44,000 Speaker 1: successfully you have to literally ignore radioactive fallout from nuclear blasts. 42 00:02:44,919 --> 00:02:47,000 Speaker 1: There's just no way around it. Yeah, but this was 43 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:50,600 Speaker 1: a time where they were they were blasting bombs up 44 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:52,960 Speaker 1: in the way of high in the sky. They were 45 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:56,600 Speaker 1: blasting it well as you'll see underground. Well, these cats 46 00:02:56,680 --> 00:02:58,639 Speaker 1: knew what was going on. It was the public that 47 00:02:58,800 --> 00:03:01,560 Speaker 1: wasn't hip to it yet. Well, sure, you know, but 48 00:03:01,639 --> 00:03:05,120 Speaker 1: I mean there was a little regard I think, yes, 49 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:07,799 Speaker 1: I mean they dropped him on people. Yeah, that's that's 50 00:03:07,800 --> 00:03:11,800 Speaker 1: a little regard. They had pretty little regards. That's Japan. Yeah, 51 00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:14,800 Speaker 1: so that that that's that's a really great point that 52 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:18,880 Speaker 1: you bring up UM. After Japan, this idea of using 53 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:27,120 Speaker 1: UM nuclear bombs for peaceful civil engineering projects. UM led 54 00:03:27,160 --> 00:03:29,920 Speaker 1: to the title of this operation. The name of this 55 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,440 Speaker 1: operation operation Plowshare, based on that. I think it's an 56 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:37,360 Speaker 1: old Testament thing about beating your swords into plowshares, so 57 00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:40,440 Speaker 1: that you're you're using things not for war, you're using 58 00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:42,880 Speaker 1: technology not for war and to harm other people, but 59 00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:47,080 Speaker 1: to further humanity through technology. Yeah. They lifted the name 60 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:49,920 Speaker 1: straight from the Book of Isaiah in the Bible. So 61 00:03:50,040 --> 00:03:54,480 Speaker 1: umle and supposedly the legend goes that there's a physicist 62 00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:57,840 Speaker 1: named Isadore Isaac Robbie UM and he said, so you 63 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:00,400 Speaker 1: want to beat your old atomic bombs in the plow shares. 64 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:06,920 Speaker 1: Huh when they went Robbie, you did it again. Uh 65 00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:08,680 Speaker 1: So should we talk a little bit about what led 66 00:04:08,760 --> 00:04:14,040 Speaker 1: up to this idea? Um, it's something called the Uh. Well, 67 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:16,680 Speaker 1: have you heard of the Suez Canal once or twice? 68 00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:19,279 Speaker 1: Have you heard of the sue s crisis? Uh No, 69 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:21,600 Speaker 1: I hadn't, actually had you. I had heard of it, 70 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:23,440 Speaker 1: but I didn't know much about any of this stuff. 71 00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:27,880 Speaker 1: Uh So the Suez Crisis is what preceded this idea. Uh. 72 00:04:27,920 --> 00:04:34,240 Speaker 1: And it goes a little something like this. N UM. 73 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:38,200 Speaker 1: The American government in the British government were starting to 74 00:04:38,279 --> 00:04:41,120 Speaker 1: get UM. Well, for a couple of years, they had 75 00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:45,400 Speaker 1: been a little bit annoyed with Egypt. UM, specifically their president, 76 00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:51,240 Speaker 1: Colonel Gamal A del Nassar or NASA. And UM, I 77 00:04:51,279 --> 00:04:55,000 Speaker 1: think it's we'll go with NASA. And he had been 78 00:04:55,040 --> 00:04:58,679 Speaker 1: cozing up to the Soviet Union, UM, kind of getting 79 00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:01,440 Speaker 1: weapons funneled through checklistle and they were they were arming 80 00:05:01,960 --> 00:05:06,640 Speaker 1: his his Egyptian army, and it was, you know, we're 81 00:05:06,640 --> 00:05:08,560 Speaker 1: talking about the Cold War. So people were getting a 82 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:11,360 Speaker 1: little annoyed by it. They were because Egypt had been 83 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 1: formerly First World because it was not only allied with 84 00:05:15,839 --> 00:05:18,880 Speaker 1: the British, it was under British imperial rule until the 85 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:23,080 Speaker 1: early fifties. And um a military coup basically threw off 86 00:05:23,080 --> 00:05:26,640 Speaker 1: the British shackles, but not immediately and not necessarily in 87 00:05:26,680 --> 00:05:30,880 Speaker 1: the most bloody manner. The British ended up hammering out 88 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:34,920 Speaker 1: a timeline where they left um Egypt, right, yeah, but 89 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:36,960 Speaker 1: the Brits were, I mean for a couple of years. 90 00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:40,520 Speaker 1: At this point in nineteen fifty six, Egypt was still 91 00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:43,799 Speaker 1: trying to get Britain to in their military presence around 92 00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:46,320 Speaker 1: the canal, right and then uh, and at the beginning 93 00:05:46,400 --> 00:05:49,320 Speaker 1: of July n six to the last British troops left 94 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:53,280 Speaker 1: the Suez Canal. And on July six, Nasser said, Oh, 95 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:57,920 Speaker 1: we're nationalizing the Suez Canal. See you later, everybody, it's ours. Yeah, 96 00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:00,280 Speaker 1: And that was a little bit in retaliation for or 97 00:06:00,400 --> 00:06:03,240 Speaker 1: um the U S and England and Britain pulling out 98 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:07,960 Speaker 1: of our promise to help them finance their Aswan damn project. 99 00:06:08,400 --> 00:06:10,760 Speaker 1: So it's sort of like there's a lot of back 100 00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:13,839 Speaker 1: and forth sniping like oh, yeah, you're not gonna finance this, Yeah, well, 101 00:06:13,839 --> 00:06:16,240 Speaker 1: I'm gonna nationalize the canal now that you guys aren't 102 00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:18,560 Speaker 1: here anymore, and I'm friends with the Soviets now and 103 00:06:18,560 --> 00:06:21,560 Speaker 1: they're giving us weapons. So that was a big deal. 104 00:06:21,720 --> 00:06:24,400 Speaker 1: And not only was it a big deal because there's 105 00:06:24,440 --> 00:06:27,200 Speaker 1: a lot of geo political maneuvering going on, it was 106 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:31,840 Speaker 1: a big deal to Britain because the British Empire was 107 00:06:32,120 --> 00:06:36,080 Speaker 1: very much in decline. UM. It had just been bombed 108 00:06:36,800 --> 00:06:38,880 Speaker 1: to holy heck, even though it had come out on 109 00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:42,800 Speaker 1: the successful side during World War Two. And because of 110 00:06:42,839 --> 00:06:45,480 Speaker 1: World War Two, America kind of came out as like 111 00:06:45,520 --> 00:06:48,880 Speaker 1: the new big kid on the block, that the kind 112 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:53,840 Speaker 1: of tough bully in charge basically, and this was happening. 113 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:58,120 Speaker 1: America was ascending at the same time, Great Britain was 114 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:02,360 Speaker 1: declining and the British ego was a little um touchy 115 00:07:02,480 --> 00:07:05,359 Speaker 1: at the time. So it assaulted the British empires ego 116 00:07:05,560 --> 00:07:08,400 Speaker 1: for the one. But it also had a more practical problem, 117 00:07:08,440 --> 00:07:11,840 Speaker 1: and that was that damn was important. Yeah, the not 118 00:07:11,920 --> 00:07:14,840 Speaker 1: the damn, the canal. Yeah, the canal was. It obviously 119 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 1: controlled a lot of trade in the Middle East, uh, 120 00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:22,720 Speaker 1: specifically the oil supply UM, and it wasn't just Britain, 121 00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:26,840 Speaker 1: it was France as well. Uh. They actually ran the 122 00:07:26,880 --> 00:07:30,240 Speaker 1: Suez Canal Company. Even though Brits, the Brits were the 123 00:07:30,320 --> 00:07:33,640 Speaker 1: large the British government specifically was a big stakeholder in 124 00:07:33,680 --> 00:07:35,920 Speaker 1: that company until it was nationalized. It was run by 125 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:40,920 Speaker 1: a French company. And they were also exposed. You know, 126 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:44,560 Speaker 1: basically Britain and France were both kind of exposed, like, 127 00:07:45,480 --> 00:07:47,880 Speaker 1: you know, Egypt stood up to them and they were like, 128 00:07:47,880 --> 00:07:49,760 Speaker 1: wait a minute, They were like, Egypt shouldn't be standing 129 00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:53,600 Speaker 1: up to us. You know, we're Britain, Great Britain exactly. 130 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: So there was egg on the face of I guess 131 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:03,800 Speaker 1: omelets or wait, crepes, crepes on the face of France, yes, 132 00:08:03,880 --> 00:08:09,640 Speaker 1: and eggs on the face of Britain, right because eight eggs. Yeah, 133 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:12,160 Speaker 1: but what's like toast and pork and beans, which is weird. 134 00:08:13,880 --> 00:08:16,920 Speaker 1: So um, the British and the French have egg all 135 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:20,200 Speaker 1: over their face and they decide that they're going to 136 00:08:20,320 --> 00:08:25,600 Speaker 1: do something about this. Now they don't technically invade Egypt themselves, 137 00:08:26,360 --> 00:08:29,440 Speaker 1: right they do is they go to Israel and they say, 138 00:08:29,560 --> 00:08:32,280 Speaker 1: you guys should probably invade Egypt, don't you think, Yeah, 139 00:08:32,320 --> 00:08:35,040 Speaker 1: like you guys have been battling Egypt already. Yeah, border, 140 00:08:35,160 --> 00:08:38,679 Speaker 1: what's one more invasion? Yeah, so they got Israel to 141 00:08:38,800 --> 00:08:42,440 Speaker 1: invade basically is a means of setting themselves up, the 142 00:08:42,440 --> 00:08:48,720 Speaker 1: French and the British of sending troops into act as peacekeepers. Man. Yeah, 143 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:51,600 Speaker 1: it sounded like all three of them. I don't think 144 00:08:51,600 --> 00:08:53,720 Speaker 1: they like snowed Israel. I think they were all three 145 00:08:53,880 --> 00:08:55,920 Speaker 1: on in this plan. Yeah, that's the impression I have to. 146 00:08:56,160 --> 00:09:00,600 Speaker 1: So basically they said, you guys attack on October fifty six. 147 00:09:01,400 --> 00:09:04,640 Speaker 1: We're gonna call for a ceasefire, but we'll be in 148 00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:07,040 Speaker 1: there a couple of days later, don't you worry. Right, 149 00:09:07,160 --> 00:09:10,520 Speaker 1: And that's actually a very post imperial maneuver. Had it 150 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:13,120 Speaker 1: been imperial, they would have just been like, uh, these 151 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:16,240 Speaker 1: guys are brown and are rising up, so we're going 152 00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:18,880 Speaker 1: to invade. That's totally fine, isn't it. Rest of the 153 00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:20,679 Speaker 1: West and the rest of the West would have been 154 00:09:20,679 --> 00:09:23,600 Speaker 1: like sure, sure. But this was post imperial. They had 155 00:09:23,640 --> 00:09:26,199 Speaker 1: to do some maneuvering. They sent Israel in, they came 156 00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:29,240 Speaker 1: in as peacekeepers afterwards. And remember American now as the 157 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:30,960 Speaker 1: big kid on the block. And there's such a thing 158 00:09:31,000 --> 00:09:33,559 Speaker 1: as a UN in America went to the u N 159 00:09:33,640 --> 00:09:37,480 Speaker 1: and went, what is that. They can't do that and said, 160 00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:40,960 Speaker 1: we condemned this. They basically acted without telling the US, 161 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:45,600 Speaker 1: which really rubbed uh, the American government the wrong way. 162 00:09:45,640 --> 00:09:48,719 Speaker 1: So they and and by this time, well it was 163 00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:54,560 Speaker 1: initially successful. They took control of the Suez Canal, the Israeli, French, 164 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:58,280 Speaker 1: British thing the force did. So it worked. But then 165 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:00,959 Speaker 1: the Soviets got involved and they said, you know what, 166 00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:04,360 Speaker 1: kru Chef said, I'm gonna start reigning down nuclear bombs 167 00:10:04,360 --> 00:10:07,560 Speaker 1: on your head. Uh, because this is a big issue. 168 00:10:07,880 --> 00:10:09,680 Speaker 1: So the US said, I don't like any of this. 169 00:10:09,960 --> 00:10:13,319 Speaker 1: I'm gonna threaten sanctions against all the countries involved. All 170 00:10:13,360 --> 00:10:16,320 Speaker 1: of your time out go in the corner. That's right. 171 00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:19,920 Speaker 1: And when kreus Chef said I'm gonna rain bombs down 172 00:10:19,960 --> 00:10:23,440 Speaker 1: on you guys around the canal, it worked, Yes, it did. Um. 173 00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:26,880 Speaker 1: It actually ended the Tous crisis right like really quickly, 174 00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:29,480 Speaker 1: like at the end of October is when the invasion 175 00:10:29,520 --> 00:10:34,360 Speaker 1: took place, and in December is when France and Britain withdrew, 176 00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:38,600 Speaker 1: so it was like six weeks. Yeah, that's pretty quick. 177 00:10:38,679 --> 00:10:41,880 Speaker 1: And then in March Israel withdrew and it was all 178 00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:44,640 Speaker 1: over in. The Soviets were able to puff their chest out, 179 00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:48,640 Speaker 1: and you know, say, you know a nuclear threat worked, 180 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:52,280 Speaker 1: and you guys know how well nuclear bombs work because 181 00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:55,400 Speaker 1: you did it. And the British went back and drown 182 00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:58,319 Speaker 1: their sorrows in a pine and bitter and the French 183 00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:02,800 Speaker 1: went back and uh, drink wine. Sure I was gonna 184 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:08,600 Speaker 1: say great Goose vodka, wouldn't that be the Soviets? No, 185 00:11:08,880 --> 00:11:12,800 Speaker 1: because Great Goose is made in France. I just hear 186 00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:15,160 Speaker 1: vodka in a minute, I know that's what that's a 187 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:19,439 Speaker 1: lot of people in France has the same reaction. So um, chuck, 188 00:11:19,559 --> 00:11:21,679 Speaker 1: somebody said, I think you said. Cruise chef said, I'm 189 00:11:21,679 --> 00:11:24,560 Speaker 1: gonna rain bombs down on your nuclear bombs down on 190 00:11:24,640 --> 00:11:28,400 Speaker 1: this canal, on all of you, and um, that must 191 00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:32,920 Speaker 1: have struck an American physicist because at some point somebody said, 192 00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:37,360 Speaker 1: you know what, ranting bombs down with canals, it's not 193 00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:40,880 Speaker 1: a bad idea. It might make a larger canal. Exactly. So, 194 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:44,400 Speaker 1: in a very strange way, the Suis crisis actually helped 195 00:11:44,600 --> 00:11:47,760 Speaker 1: lead to Operation Plowshare, And we'll go into that right 196 00:11:47,800 --> 00:12:09,680 Speaker 1: after this. How about that all right, So the SUS 197 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:13,880 Speaker 1: crisis was still going on in November nine six, and 198 00:12:13,920 --> 00:12:16,760 Speaker 1: it's a brief window that it was still uh active. 199 00:12:17,480 --> 00:12:21,079 Speaker 1: And a dude named Herbert Yorke. He was the director 200 00:12:21,080 --> 00:12:24,760 Speaker 1: of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, and he was 201 00:12:24,800 --> 00:12:27,040 Speaker 1: a new nuclear scientist, and he said, you know what, 202 00:12:27,679 --> 00:12:31,360 Speaker 1: uh what Josh Clark said before the break was right right. 203 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:35,600 Speaker 1: He always follows me around. He says, maybe we can 204 00:12:36,040 --> 00:12:39,040 Speaker 1: use nuclear weapons to move a lot of earth. And 205 00:12:39,080 --> 00:12:40,920 Speaker 1: they got the name, as we said earlier, from the 206 00:12:40,920 --> 00:12:44,600 Speaker 1: Book of Isaiah, took it to the Atomic Energy Commission 207 00:12:45,040 --> 00:12:48,400 Speaker 1: and they said, this is a great idea. Let's right. Yeah, 208 00:12:48,679 --> 00:12:52,080 Speaker 1: they had a meeting and just brought people together and said, hey, 209 00:12:52,120 --> 00:12:55,280 Speaker 1: all of you guys, um, let's uh, let's figure out 210 00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:57,959 Speaker 1: a better way to use these things. There's a lot 211 00:12:57,960 --> 00:13:01,000 Speaker 1: of projects we want to do, so let's let's pretend 212 00:13:01,040 --> 00:13:03,920 Speaker 1: like the pies in the sky and we'll all shoot 213 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:08,160 Speaker 1: for it. And that the old say. Um. So they 214 00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:12,040 Speaker 1: all got together and um started thinking, putting their heads together, 215 00:13:12,520 --> 00:13:16,440 Speaker 1: and again the US and um, the Soviets and Great 216 00:13:16,480 --> 00:13:19,800 Speaker 1: Britain and then France as well. I believe are all 217 00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:22,640 Speaker 1: just testing, testing nukes all over the place all the time. 218 00:13:23,080 --> 00:13:26,440 Speaker 1: But they're testing nukes throughout this era, throughout the fifties 219 00:13:26,480 --> 00:13:30,520 Speaker 1: and sixties and uh seventies too, I guess, um to 220 00:13:30,559 --> 00:13:33,280 Speaker 1: basically figure out how to make a better nuclear weapon. 221 00:13:33,880 --> 00:13:36,760 Speaker 1: What Operation plash here was, it was different. It was 222 00:13:36,920 --> 00:13:41,200 Speaker 1: using these nuclear detonations to study things that could be 223 00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:44,320 Speaker 1: used for like industrial applications. And one of the first 224 00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:48,800 Speaker 1: tests like this was called the Reneer Shot, which was 225 00:13:48,800 --> 00:13:51,480 Speaker 1: actually a part of a larger operation called plumb Bob, 226 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:54,520 Speaker 1: which is pretty great. All the names when you read 227 00:13:54,559 --> 00:13:57,640 Speaker 1: them out are pretty funny. And the Reneer Shot, which 228 00:13:57,720 --> 00:14:01,520 Speaker 1: is the one nuclear test in a larger program, um 229 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:07,680 Speaker 1: was the first, um, the first fully contained underground nuclear 230 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:10,920 Speaker 1: test that means that none of the nuclear fallout escaped 231 00:14:10,920 --> 00:14:13,680 Speaker 1: into the atmosphere. And it was a pretty big deal 232 00:14:13,720 --> 00:14:16,000 Speaker 1: because it showed that you could do this, and they 233 00:14:16,040 --> 00:14:19,360 Speaker 1: also were looking at whether it was basically a proof 234 00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:22,920 Speaker 1: that you could use nuclear bombs for underground engineering projects. Yeah, 235 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:25,640 Speaker 1: and it uh. It went so well, in fact, that 236 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:28,800 Speaker 1: the a e C, the Atomic Energy Commission, which approved 237 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:31,280 Speaker 1: the project to begin with, said you know what, We're 238 00:14:31,280 --> 00:14:34,080 Speaker 1: not even gonna hide this one we can actually talk 239 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:37,520 Speaker 1: about it and press like we're proud of this. Basically 240 00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:40,240 Speaker 1: they did, um, and so actually nar was again it 241 00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:42,840 Speaker 1: was part of Operation Plumb Bob. It wasn't part of Plaushure, 242 00:14:42,880 --> 00:14:45,600 Speaker 1: but it was basically a proof of concept that this 243 00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:48,200 Speaker 1: could happen, UM, and that you could just kind of 244 00:14:48,240 --> 00:14:53,640 Speaker 1: study these explosions for things like um, you know, uh, 245 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:58,160 Speaker 1: industrial uses. Yeah, it was their sizzle reel, right exactly. So, UM. 246 00:14:58,480 --> 00:15:02,080 Speaker 1: The problem was that the nuclear weapons you would be 247 00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:05,840 Speaker 1: using for a civil engineering project were really basically the 248 00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:08,200 Speaker 1: same thing as the nuclear weapons that you would be 249 00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:13,200 Speaker 1: using as weapons that are extraordinarily highly classified and just 250 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:16,520 Speaker 1: couldn't be given to see civilian companies for testing in use. 251 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:20,760 Speaker 1: So the government, that Atomic Energy Commission and UM, the 252 00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:25,240 Speaker 1: Lawrence Livermore Laboratories and all of those guys, UM, they 253 00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:28,400 Speaker 1: had to carry out the tests themselves to make sure 254 00:15:28,440 --> 00:15:31,880 Speaker 1: that they they basically kept a lid on it before 255 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:35,360 Speaker 1: handing the technology over to the civilian sector. And they did. 256 00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:38,400 Speaker 1: And that was where plowshare officially came from. And it 257 00:15:38,560 --> 00:15:42,040 Speaker 1: started at a really bad time. Actually yeah, I mean 258 00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:44,160 Speaker 1: they weren't along. I think it started in the summer 259 00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:50,240 Speaker 1: fifty seven. Uh. In in March nineteen Khruschev said, you 260 00:15:50,280 --> 00:15:56,400 Speaker 1: know what, uh yet no more testing of nukes? Yeah 261 00:15:56,600 --> 00:15:59,840 Speaker 1: for US, which put pressure on the US. But eisen 262 00:16:00,080 --> 00:16:02,440 Speaker 1: Or didn't. He wanted to cease testing too, but he 263 00:16:02,480 --> 00:16:04,880 Speaker 1: didn't feel like he could, you know, be the first 264 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:07,720 Speaker 1: one to do that, because you know, the rest of 265 00:16:07,720 --> 00:16:09,240 Speaker 1: the people in United States would think he's a big 266 00:16:09,280 --> 00:16:12,119 Speaker 1: what was? And then interesting though that Kruscheff and Eisenhower 267 00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:15,600 Speaker 1: both wanted to stop nuclear testing and totally neither one 268 00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:17,600 Speaker 1: of them had the support at home for it. Yeah, 269 00:16:17,640 --> 00:16:19,320 Speaker 1: So it took cruise chef to start it. So then 270 00:16:19,360 --> 00:16:22,680 Speaker 1: Eisenhower said, well, now we can stop. And there was 271 00:16:23,200 --> 00:16:26,480 Speaker 1: a moratorium on nuclear testing for a while. Yeah. Um, 272 00:16:26,560 --> 00:16:31,479 Speaker 1: But the nuclear physicists who were involved in Operation Plowshare 273 00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:34,000 Speaker 1: where like this didn't gonna last very long. The Cold 274 00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:36,920 Speaker 1: War is just too too cold. And as a matter 275 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:39,800 Speaker 1: of fact, a series of events led to the end 276 00:16:39,800 --> 00:16:42,440 Speaker 1: of that moratorium within I think two years or was 277 00:16:42,480 --> 00:16:46,760 Speaker 1: it nineteen fifty eight that the moratorium started? Uh, yeah, 278 00:16:46,880 --> 00:16:49,680 Speaker 1: March nineteen fifty eight, so then I think it might 279 00:16:49,720 --> 00:16:54,400 Speaker 1: have been three years. Yeah, three years later. Um, the 280 00:16:54,520 --> 00:16:58,280 Speaker 1: US and the Soviets started squabbling about West Berlin in 281 00:16:58,320 --> 00:17:00,960 Speaker 1: the Berlin Wall, which was one of my all time 282 00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:03,560 Speaker 1: favorite episodes. I always forget about when people ask, like, 283 00:17:03,600 --> 00:17:07,640 Speaker 1: what's one of your favorite episodes, That's definitely one of them. Fascinating, 284 00:17:07,760 --> 00:17:10,840 Speaker 1: it was a good one. Um. And then, uh, they 285 00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:14,200 Speaker 1: also started squabbling about the shooting down of a YouTube 286 00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:17,359 Speaker 1: spy plane in nineteen sixty Yeah. That really like puffed 287 00:17:17,440 --> 00:17:23,080 Speaker 1: up everyone's chest obviously. Um. And so in September nineteen 288 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:27,440 Speaker 1: sixty one they said, I think it was kru Chef 289 00:17:27,440 --> 00:17:30,080 Speaker 1: again was the first one to say. Remember when I 290 00:17:30,119 --> 00:17:34,440 Speaker 1: said yet, now I'm saying whatever the Soviet word for yes, 291 00:17:34,600 --> 00:17:38,960 Speaker 1: is it? So let's start testing again? And so then 292 00:17:38,960 --> 00:17:41,160 Speaker 1: the US of course said, well we'll start testing again 293 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:45,680 Speaker 1: an Operation Plowshare. They had gone into serious pre production because, 294 00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:47,679 Speaker 1: like you said, they knew it wasn't gonna last, so 295 00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:49,520 Speaker 1: they just started planning all the things they would do 296 00:17:49,760 --> 00:17:51,840 Speaker 1: once they got these bombs back. Yeah, they had some 297 00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:54,280 Speaker 1: downtime and they wanted to be able to be shovel 298 00:17:54,320 --> 00:17:58,439 Speaker 1: ready when the moratorium was lifted on nuclear By shovel 299 00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:02,000 Speaker 1: you mean adam bomb, right exactly? So um. Edward Teller 300 00:18:02,080 --> 00:18:04,600 Speaker 1: had gotten his other his people together and said start 301 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:07,119 Speaker 1: thinking about this stuff. And some of the ideas that 302 00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:11,159 Speaker 1: had come up with were they were gonna blow a 303 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:16,240 Speaker 1: channel through the kapinga marangei reef in the Marshall Islands. 304 00:18:16,359 --> 00:18:20,280 Speaker 1: I think I actually said that correctly, copinga MARANGUEI yeah, 305 00:18:20,320 --> 00:18:23,800 Speaker 1: thanks man, support that. So they were going to use 306 00:18:23,800 --> 00:18:26,680 Speaker 1: a nuclear weapon to blow up a live coral reef 307 00:18:27,560 --> 00:18:31,200 Speaker 1: off the Marshall Islands. I can't imagine how devastated that 308 00:18:31,359 --> 00:18:33,800 Speaker 1: area is just from the stuff they did do there. 309 00:18:34,040 --> 00:18:36,800 Speaker 1: Because where we did so much of our Pacific nuclear testing. 310 00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:39,520 Speaker 1: I can't imagine what has anyone ever done A lot 311 00:18:39,560 --> 00:18:43,520 Speaker 1: of studying on Nevada Nevada excuse me, not Nevada, No, 312 00:18:43,600 --> 00:18:49,160 Speaker 1: it's Nevada, but Nevada. Like I think of these plowshar 313 00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:53,320 Speaker 1: tests took place in Nevada. Yes, and there's gotta be 314 00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:56,720 Speaker 1: like that has been rained down with nukes underground all 315 00:18:56,760 --> 00:19:00,080 Speaker 1: over the place as testing ground, not just Nevada. But 316 00:19:00,119 --> 00:19:03,560 Speaker 1: I think they've we're definitely, like you know, took the 317 00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:07,640 Speaker 1: line share of the abuse, for sure. I curious. I'm 318 00:19:07,640 --> 00:19:09,760 Speaker 1: sure they've done tests and I'm sure they're just like 319 00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:14,600 Speaker 1: when the results come in. Maybe that's why to pronounce 320 00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:19,119 Speaker 1: their own state's name for anybody who doesn't know what 321 00:19:19,160 --> 00:19:23,000 Speaker 1: we're talking about. Any time we say Nevada, we get 322 00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:27,120 Speaker 1: eighteen emails at least from people who live in Nevada 323 00:19:28,440 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 1: telling us kind of firmly that we're saying it wrong 324 00:19:31,359 --> 00:19:33,359 Speaker 1: and please say it right. From now on, they say 325 00:19:33,400 --> 00:19:35,600 Speaker 1: it's Nevada, and my response is always the same. I 326 00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:37,920 Speaker 1: was like, we know, but you should know that only 327 00:19:37,960 --> 00:19:41,600 Speaker 1: people from Nevada say it that way. Everyone else has Nevada. 328 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:46,600 Speaker 1: And now we'll get emails from six more people say 329 00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:48,120 Speaker 1: I don't even live there, and I say it right. 330 00:19:49,800 --> 00:19:51,800 Speaker 1: We poked fun. We should do a show in Vegas 331 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:54,800 Speaker 1: one day. Sure, No, we should have our own theater 332 00:19:54,840 --> 00:19:57,080 Speaker 1: in Vegas one day. Yeah, we should. We should have 333 00:19:57,119 --> 00:20:00,159 Speaker 1: like um those like, yeah, that's what I was looking for. 334 00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:03,399 Speaker 1: Britney Spears, Yeah we can get Uh. Who is that 335 00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:07,159 Speaker 1: guy that sings like all the impressions Rich Little No, 336 00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:11,920 Speaker 1: the singer Danny something, Danny Kay, I can't remember his name. 337 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:13,840 Speaker 1: Who are you talking about? He's a dude. He's got 338 00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:15,359 Speaker 1: a big act in Vegas where he just you know, 339 00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:17,920 Speaker 1: he's like now, I'm Frank Sinatra, No Bruce Springsteen, no 340 00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:23,040 Speaker 1: Billy Jewel. Well, those are terrible impressions. Well, I'm not 341 00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:28,879 Speaker 1: the great Danny Danny Gans. That sounds familiar. I thought 342 00:20:28,880 --> 00:20:30,960 Speaker 1: you were so good at impressions that you were doing 343 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:33,920 Speaker 1: an impression of Danny Gans is bad impressions. No, I 344 00:20:33,960 --> 00:20:36,480 Speaker 1: think he's supposed to be pretty good. Yeah, I think 345 00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:38,040 Speaker 1: that name's right. You don't get your own theater in 346 00:20:38,119 --> 00:20:41,359 Speaker 1: Vegas unless you're not Buddy Way. You gotta be Danny 347 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:48,080 Speaker 1: for Britney Spears. Yeah, or David Copperfield. Oh yeah, got me. 348 00:20:48,160 --> 00:20:51,280 Speaker 1: The jet disappear and the statue of Liberty, let's not forget, 349 00:20:51,840 --> 00:20:56,280 Speaker 1: just gone. No tricker either, no camera tricks. He literally 350 00:20:56,280 --> 00:20:59,840 Speaker 1: made the statue of Lipperty disappear. I just said, Lipperty. 351 00:21:02,280 --> 00:21:07,280 Speaker 1: Where were we? I have no idea Operation Plowshare. Oh 352 00:21:07,359 --> 00:21:09,160 Speaker 1: we were talking, I note Chuke. We were talking about 353 00:21:09,160 --> 00:21:13,040 Speaker 1: all the insane projects that Edward Teller father the h bomb, 354 00:21:13,040 --> 00:21:16,920 Speaker 1: and his crew um came up with during the downtime, 355 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:20,200 Speaker 1: during the moratorium. So there's blowing a channel in the 356 00:21:20,720 --> 00:21:24,919 Speaker 1: kapingamar Ange reef off the Marshall Islands. How about a 357 00:21:24,920 --> 00:21:28,040 Speaker 1: new harbor in Alaska. Yeah, we'll talk about that in 358 00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:30,560 Speaker 1: a minute. Yeah, that was a big one one, making 359 00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:34,040 Speaker 1: canals and not just canal sea level canals, because um, 360 00:21:34,080 --> 00:21:37,640 Speaker 1: we did an episode on the Panama Canal and one 361 00:21:37,680 --> 00:21:39,680 Speaker 1: of the issues I guess you could call it with 362 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:42,000 Speaker 1: the Panama Canal is that there are a series of 363 00:21:42,080 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 1: locks as part of the canal that basically are steps 364 00:21:46,040 --> 00:21:48,920 Speaker 1: for ships to go up and down a mountain range 365 00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:53,560 Speaker 1: sea level canals or where you blow a flat line 366 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:55,880 Speaker 1: all the way through anything that gets in the way 367 00:21:55,920 --> 00:22:00,240 Speaker 1: from sea to shining sea, so that the entire now 368 00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:02,719 Speaker 1: is at sea level, so as ship can just go 369 00:22:04,400 --> 00:22:06,879 Speaker 1: Yeah bam. So that's what they're looking at. Sea level 370 00:22:06,920 --> 00:22:11,640 Speaker 1: canal excavation using nuclear bomb. Yeah, they were gonna call 371 00:22:11,840 --> 00:22:14,560 Speaker 1: that the It was either that one or the widening 372 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:18,119 Speaker 1: of the Panama Canal, the Panatomic Canal. It's like, come on, 373 00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:21,919 Speaker 1: that's way too cute. Even everybody was blitzed on martinis 374 00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:24,160 Speaker 1: at this time. That's true. All right, Well, let's take 375 00:22:24,200 --> 00:22:26,600 Speaker 1: a quick break and then we will pick back up 376 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:50,359 Speaker 1: with the restarting of Operation plow Share in December. All right, Josh, 377 00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:54,520 Speaker 1: is December. It's promised, liar, if you are in Carl's Bad, 378 00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:57,720 Speaker 1: New Mexico. You might want to take a weekend away 379 00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:03,240 Speaker 1: to Nevada and go work on a healthy glow, maybe 380 00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:06,280 Speaker 1: because if you live near there. They had something called 381 00:23:06,359 --> 00:23:09,800 Speaker 1: Operation Gnome, code named Gnome, and that was a three 382 00:23:09,880 --> 00:23:14,440 Speaker 1: kiloton blast and this one it seemed like hold on, tuck. 383 00:23:14,480 --> 00:23:17,359 Speaker 1: Do you remember that huge coffee table book that was 384 00:23:17,400 --> 00:23:20,320 Speaker 1: an illustrated guide to the life of Gnomes? It was 385 00:23:20,400 --> 00:23:25,159 Speaker 1: big in like the late seventies, early eighties. Really it 386 00:23:25,240 --> 00:23:28,520 Speaker 1: was wonderful. That's all I have to say. Okay, I 387 00:23:28,920 --> 00:23:32,600 Speaker 1: I thought for sure you're gonna be like, yes, no, 388 00:23:33,080 --> 00:23:35,520 Speaker 1: I gotta Hopefully my dad still has it at his house. 389 00:23:36,080 --> 00:23:37,720 Speaker 1: I really hope he does, because I want to get 390 00:23:37,720 --> 00:23:39,399 Speaker 1: my hands on it. What's the deal Gnomes? Why are 391 00:23:39,440 --> 00:23:42,000 Speaker 1: people so into that? They're just cute and they're helpful 392 00:23:42,160 --> 00:23:46,000 Speaker 1: and they hang out around psychedelic mushrooms as like you know, 393 00:23:46,040 --> 00:23:51,240 Speaker 1: that's where they hang out under shade and stuff, right, Um, 394 00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:56,680 Speaker 1: So they set off the bomb and Operation Nome, and uh, 395 00:23:56,960 --> 00:23:59,480 Speaker 1: they had a few objectives here. They wanted to see 396 00:23:59,480 --> 00:24:02,320 Speaker 1: how much heat it produced, what kind you know, is 397 00:24:02,320 --> 00:24:05,440 Speaker 1: it going to cause an earthquake? Let's measure the seismic activity. 398 00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:08,760 Speaker 1: They wanted to see if they could generate steam to 399 00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:12,000 Speaker 1: using turbines for electricity and basically setting off electric or 400 00:24:12,119 --> 00:24:14,480 Speaker 1: um nuclear bomb. Yeah, but they kind of what they 401 00:24:14,560 --> 00:24:16,520 Speaker 1: kind of really wanted to do was see how big 402 00:24:16,520 --> 00:24:19,359 Speaker 1: of a whole they could create kind of and again, um, 403 00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:21,600 Speaker 1: this one was also underground, and I think they blew 404 00:24:21,640 --> 00:24:25,400 Speaker 1: it in. Uh, Carl's bad in a salt mine, right, 405 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:29,320 Speaker 1: and they basically just loosened created a huge cavity underground 406 00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:31,240 Speaker 1: in a salt mine and loosened up a bunch of salt. 407 00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:34,720 Speaker 1: They said, wow, that that really worked. And actually none 408 00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:39,760 Speaker 1: was the first actual plowshare test. Everything else had been 409 00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:42,440 Speaker 1: kind of laying the groundwork for it before then, so 410 00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:44,879 Speaker 1: that no one went really well, and everybody's like, this 411 00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:50,639 Speaker 1: is great, let's do it again. So July, we just 412 00:24:50,680 --> 00:24:54,000 Speaker 1: celebrated the fourth of July, so let's celebrate again by 413 00:24:54,040 --> 00:24:57,320 Speaker 1: setting off a hundred and four kill its unbombed and 414 00:24:57,359 --> 00:25:01,639 Speaker 1: the Nevada Desert. Uh, and man, this thing was huge, 415 00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:06,120 Speaker 1: a four hundred and thirty seven yard in diameter hole 416 00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:09,280 Speaker 1: that was a hundred and nine yards deep. Right, it's 417 00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:12,560 Speaker 1: actually the largest man made crater in America. Huge, it's 418 00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:15,880 Speaker 1: a it's it's on the Register of National Historic Places 419 00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:19,680 Speaker 1: because obviously it's still there. It's like Tahoe Now. Actually, 420 00:25:19,720 --> 00:25:23,439 Speaker 1: that's funny. Those Soviets developed their own similar program a 421 00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:26,840 Speaker 1: few years after the Americans, called the Nuclear Explosions for 422 00:25:26,880 --> 00:25:31,439 Speaker 1: the National Economy Program, and they blew up. They created 423 00:25:31,480 --> 00:25:34,520 Speaker 1: a crater lake in Kazakhstan with one of their explosions. 424 00:25:35,119 --> 00:25:37,080 Speaker 1: So it has been done, but with this one. It's 425 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:41,359 Speaker 1: a dry crater, the one from the Sedan test. Right, Yeah, 426 00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:44,320 Speaker 1: I cannot hear the word Kazakhstan without thinking of Borat. Yeah, 427 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:46,760 Speaker 1: that's where Barret's from. And I watched the other night. 428 00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:48,840 Speaker 1: I came home after a late night out, That's all 429 00:25:48,840 --> 00:25:52,240 Speaker 1: I'll say, and Borat was on and I hadn't seen 430 00:25:52,280 --> 00:25:54,399 Speaker 1: it in a long time, and I found myself watching 431 00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:56,160 Speaker 1: it and laughing as if it was the first time 432 00:25:56,160 --> 00:25:59,760 Speaker 1: I had seen it. Will hold up forever, so funny, 433 00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:05,760 Speaker 1: Oh man, I love that character. So Um the Sedan 434 00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:10,040 Speaker 1: test they used so again, a hundred and four kiloton 435 00:26:11,119 --> 00:26:18,920 Speaker 1: kiloton bomb Kila toon, Yeah, what's wrong with me anyway? Um? 436 00:26:18,960 --> 00:26:22,720 Speaker 1: The one from the Nome blasts three kiloton so It 437 00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:26,000 Speaker 1: was huge, and you were talking about Nevada getting like 438 00:26:26,080 --> 00:26:29,600 Speaker 1: fall out and all that chuck. This this explosion was 439 00:26:29,640 --> 00:26:33,359 Speaker 1: so huge and it released so much radioactivity into the 440 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:37,679 Speaker 1: atmosphere that apparently they have done some calculations and they 441 00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:41,480 Speaker 1: figured out that this bomb alone, this test alone, released 442 00:26:41,560 --> 00:26:45,560 Speaker 1: seven percent of all the fallout from all the tests 443 00:26:45,640 --> 00:26:49,920 Speaker 1: in Nevada combined. It was huge, and it went everywhere. 444 00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:52,480 Speaker 1: It went up into Iowa, it went to the northeast. 445 00:26:52,480 --> 00:26:58,400 Speaker 1: It was everywhere, and they were like, let's try it again. Yeah, 446 00:26:58,440 --> 00:27:01,359 Speaker 1: they did move twelve million tons of dirt, which was 447 00:27:01,440 --> 00:27:05,440 Speaker 1: the objective. Um again, I sort of see where they're going. 448 00:27:05,480 --> 00:27:08,359 Speaker 1: And if there wasn't nuclear fallout, great, it was just 449 00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:10,960 Speaker 1: a bunker buster that could do that kind of dirt movement, 450 00:27:11,040 --> 00:27:13,680 Speaker 1: it would be great. Well, not great because you're still 451 00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:17,400 Speaker 1: wrecking wildlife in the ecosystem. They can find somewhere else 452 00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:22,160 Speaker 1: to live. But you're right, they did say it went great, 453 00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:27,960 Speaker 1: So let's move on to Operation Buggy. That's they wanted 454 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:31,480 Speaker 1: to string together a chain of nuclear bombs. It's like 455 00:27:31,720 --> 00:27:35,160 Speaker 1: it's like they started smoking weed one night and said, hey, 456 00:27:35,400 --> 00:27:38,200 Speaker 1: what else can we do? You know, like like Beavis 457 00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:40,720 Speaker 1: and butt head, and they said, all right, let's let's 458 00:27:40,760 --> 00:27:43,920 Speaker 1: link these some bombs together like some black cats. Yeah, 459 00:27:44,080 --> 00:27:46,360 Speaker 1: let's get five of them and see if we can 460 00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:50,480 Speaker 1: make a channel. It's a nuclear road charge, basically, it's 461 00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:52,119 Speaker 1: what it was. It's the one and only that the 462 00:27:52,200 --> 00:27:56,119 Speaker 1: US ever conducted. And um, again, I guess it worked. 463 00:27:56,160 --> 00:28:00,400 Speaker 1: Five one ko ton bombs that needed simultaneously. That must 464 00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:02,000 Speaker 1: have been a heck of a thing to see. Yeah, 465 00:28:02,040 --> 00:28:04,920 Speaker 1: and then of course those dopes they're always standing somewhere nearby, 466 00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:07,400 Speaker 1: like behind a lead shield, right, and then they turn 467 00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:09,840 Speaker 1: and look at the camera and then their teeth fall 468 00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:15,080 Speaker 1: out and then a Simpsons I think, so um, and 469 00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:18,640 Speaker 1: we're laughing. It's not funny. The Simpsons are hilarious. Okay, 470 00:28:18,520 --> 00:28:20,840 Speaker 1: they were. Got. One of the other things that we're 471 00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:24,960 Speaker 1: looking to do here is what we know now is fracking. Yeah. 472 00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:28,520 Speaker 1: Then this is actually like the likeliest thing you could 473 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:30,600 Speaker 1: have used a nuclear bomb for as far as like 474 00:28:30,760 --> 00:28:34,840 Speaker 1: civilian projects go. Yeah, but far less precise is fracking 475 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,200 Speaker 1: to say the least. Yeah. So you know, fracking is 476 00:28:38,200 --> 00:28:43,080 Speaker 1: where you basically explode some oil that's locked up in 477 00:28:43,160 --> 00:28:46,240 Speaker 1: shale or natural gas or something like that, so that 478 00:28:46,480 --> 00:28:49,720 Speaker 1: you can get to it more easily. Um. But they 479 00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:54,040 Speaker 1: use it with hydraulic pressure these days, not nuclear bombs. Right, 480 00:28:54,160 --> 00:28:56,600 Speaker 1: it's a little more surgical. Right. It's it's amazing that 481 00:28:56,680 --> 00:28:59,720 Speaker 1: freck and could get even worse. But sure if you 482 00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:04,080 Speaker 1: ply a nuclear bomb to it, it makes everything worse, basically, Yeah, 483 00:29:04,080 --> 00:29:07,000 Speaker 1: they call it. They called it then gas stimulation, which 484 00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:10,800 Speaker 1: um ten jokes. I'm not gonna say I think that's 485 00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:14,680 Speaker 1: a that's good. Uh, And that actually turned out to 486 00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:18,080 Speaker 1: be one of the more promising aspects of the whole 487 00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:22,320 Speaker 1: program because that could generate money. It could, and there 488 00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:27,520 Speaker 1: were actually corporate sponsors on the that project of course. Um. 489 00:29:27,640 --> 00:29:30,640 Speaker 1: The problem is that they found out later on that 490 00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:35,440 Speaker 1: when you use a nuclear bomb to um loosen up 491 00:29:35,600 --> 00:29:40,320 Speaker 1: gas underground locked in rock or whatever, um, it taints 492 00:29:40,360 --> 00:29:46,440 Speaker 1: it with tritium actually, and you it renders it basically unusable. 493 00:29:46,920 --> 00:29:50,720 Speaker 1: And they figured out that even if you could do 494 00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:54,280 Speaker 1: it without tritium. What are you laughing about? I can't 495 00:29:54,280 --> 00:29:57,400 Speaker 1: say it out loud, um, then you you would still 496 00:29:57,440 --> 00:30:01,480 Speaker 1: be wasting tons and tons and tons of money. Figured out, Yeah, 497 00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:04,160 Speaker 1: I mean things became They found out cheaper ways to 498 00:30:04,760 --> 00:30:09,160 Speaker 1: uh get these resources. Over the years, and so they 499 00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:12,600 Speaker 1: said non nuclear ways exactly safer and cheaper. Yeah, and 500 00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:15,760 Speaker 1: they and actually through this, um, this investigation in the 501 00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:22,680 Speaker 1: gas stimulation which one was that was that buggy? Okay, um, no, sorry, 502 00:30:22,680 --> 00:30:26,120 Speaker 1: buggy was the row charge one. I'm not sure what 503 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:28,520 Speaker 1: the what the that one was called where they looked 504 00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:32,080 Speaker 1: into it. But um, but for the gas stimulation project, 505 00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:34,800 Speaker 1: they figured out that they had poured eighty two million 506 00:30:34,800 --> 00:30:37,560 Speaker 1: dollars into it by the time it was over, just 507 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:40,760 Speaker 1: that one program, and that it would take twenty five 508 00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:44,360 Speaker 1: years of continuous gas production from these sources just to 509 00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:48,040 Speaker 1: make back that. So they're like, well, this isn't adding 510 00:30:48,120 --> 00:30:50,400 Speaker 1: up at all. That's probably the only reason they stopped, 511 00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:52,960 Speaker 1: just because it didn't financially make sense. Well that and 512 00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:55,280 Speaker 1: then also like it was taining the natural gas with 513 00:30:55,360 --> 00:30:59,360 Speaker 1: tritium which made it unusable. So this testing went on 514 00:30:59,440 --> 00:31:05,080 Speaker 1: for twelve years under plowshare, twenty seven experiments, thirty five bombs, 515 00:31:05,800 --> 00:31:08,440 Speaker 1: most of those in Nevada, like I said, and then 516 00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:14,840 Speaker 1: in nine it finally stopped. But um, the big Daddy 517 00:31:14,880 --> 00:31:16,840 Speaker 1: hadn't happened yet. Yeah, you want to talk about a 518 00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:21,280 Speaker 1: couple more of these jobs. For these jobs, um, carry 519 00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:25,560 Speaker 1: all Operation Carryall was gonna move He said, you know what, 520 00:31:25,560 --> 00:31:29,520 Speaker 1: that highway should move through that mountain range in southern California. 521 00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:33,320 Speaker 1: So it's just blow a valley two miles long through it. 522 00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:36,400 Speaker 1: We're Americans. Why should we drive around mountains. We'll just 523 00:31:36,520 --> 00:31:39,120 Speaker 1: blow right through them, pretty much. And they not only 524 00:31:39,120 --> 00:31:40,880 Speaker 1: were they going to move I forty through it, they 525 00:31:40,880 --> 00:31:42,760 Speaker 1: were also going to move a couple of rail lines 526 00:31:42,840 --> 00:31:47,240 Speaker 1: through it too. Um and this one did they didn't 527 00:31:47,280 --> 00:31:49,480 Speaker 1: do this one. This was proposed, right, Yeah, I don't 528 00:31:49,480 --> 00:31:51,880 Speaker 1: think that. No, of course, this would have been enormous. 529 00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:54,640 Speaker 1: So remember that twenty two bombs they were gonna use 530 00:31:54,760 --> 00:31:56,840 Speaker 1: in total for that one, right, and then remember the one, 531 00:31:57,160 --> 00:32:00,440 Speaker 1: uh which one was it Sedan, which had even percent 532 00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:02,800 Speaker 1: of the fallout from all the bombs of Nevada. That 533 00:32:02,840 --> 00:32:08,040 Speaker 1: one was a hundred and four kilotons, right. Operation carry 534 00:32:08,080 --> 00:32:12,520 Speaker 1: y'all planned to use twenty two nuclear devices, ranging in 535 00:32:12,560 --> 00:32:19,000 Speaker 1: payloads from twenty to two hundred kilot tons each. Yeah, yeah, yes, 536 00:32:19,200 --> 00:32:21,200 Speaker 1: it takes a lot of nukes to blow up a mountain, 537 00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:26,520 Speaker 1: my friend. Right, And they were gonna blow about sixty 538 00:32:26,520 --> 00:32:29,600 Speaker 1: eight million cubic yards of earth, that's what they were 539 00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:33,200 Speaker 1: planning to blow out of there. It's really really fortunate 540 00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:37,200 Speaker 1: for everybody anywhere near that area that they didn't actually 541 00:32:37,200 --> 00:32:41,000 Speaker 1: try this. The boy sure would be able to drive 542 00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:45,520 Speaker 1: from Arizona to l a quicker slightly quicker. Actually don't 543 00:32:45,520 --> 00:32:48,280 Speaker 1: know if that's the area, but that's my best guess. 544 00:32:48,280 --> 00:32:54,920 Speaker 1: How about how about yeah, probably I would guess. I'm 545 00:32:54,960 --> 00:32:59,160 Speaker 1: not sure. I think I fort well, I'm gonna be 546 00:32:59,160 --> 00:33:01,560 Speaker 1: wrong no matter what I say. From Santa Barbara to Kansas, 547 00:33:01,760 --> 00:33:06,400 Speaker 1: from Milanda Mints, right. So, Operation Chariot was sort of 548 00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:09,719 Speaker 1: the big daddy, um or one of the big daddies. 549 00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:15,520 Speaker 1: This is when the United States said, Alaska, congratulations your state. 550 00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:20,040 Speaker 1: Now we're gonna drop nuclear bombs in an area the 551 00:33:20,040 --> 00:33:26,160 Speaker 1: size of Delaware. Two. See if it works, let's do it. 552 00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:28,360 Speaker 1: That was sort of the reason. I mean, they said 553 00:33:28,400 --> 00:33:32,280 Speaker 1: apparently there was some sort of military advantage, but I 554 00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:35,360 Speaker 1: think it was non specific. You could just get weapons 555 00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:38,120 Speaker 1: close to the Soviets, I guess, because we're talking in Alaska, 556 00:33:38,120 --> 00:33:41,160 Speaker 1: and you can be Alaska from Sarah Palin's house, right, 557 00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:43,520 Speaker 1: So obviously, if you if you have a means of 558 00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:47,640 Speaker 1: getting into further into the Arctic Circle by blowing a 559 00:33:47,680 --> 00:33:51,400 Speaker 1: harbor up. Then not well, creating a harbor, right, that's 560 00:33:51,400 --> 00:33:53,560 Speaker 1: what they're gonna do, right, Yeah, they said, we would 561 00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:59,200 Speaker 1: like a nice body of water here, so your your state, congratulations. Here, 562 00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:01,760 Speaker 1: we're gonna reign new ex down on you. And some 563 00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:06,880 Speaker 1: of the local uh tribes there it wasn't heavily populated, 564 00:34:06,880 --> 00:34:10,239 Speaker 1: but they were like, I don't like this idea. Right here, 565 00:34:10,320 --> 00:34:14,400 Speaker 1: two different villages that were inhabited that were within forty 566 00:34:14,440 --> 00:34:18,800 Speaker 1: miles of the site and um it. Actually the land 567 00:34:18,920 --> 00:34:23,480 Speaker 1: was under the control of the Bureau of Land Management, 568 00:34:23,520 --> 00:34:28,640 Speaker 1: I believe, but these Inuit groups had like real rights 569 00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:30,600 Speaker 1: to this area and had a real say in it, 570 00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:33,040 Speaker 1: and they were like not happy with this idea at all. 571 00:34:33,360 --> 00:34:35,839 Speaker 1: And other people jumped on board, the Audubon Society and 572 00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:39,319 Speaker 1: all kinds of you know, environmental rights groups. But Edward 573 00:34:39,400 --> 00:34:41,239 Speaker 1: Teller again, he's the father of the h bomb. He 574 00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:44,200 Speaker 1: wrote in um Popular Mechanics and I think March of 575 00:34:44,320 --> 00:34:48,239 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty one, very excitedly about this project. He said 576 00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:51,080 Speaker 1: that um it was going to use in a matter 577 00:34:51,160 --> 00:34:54,960 Speaker 1: in a matter of milliseconds, the energy will move twenty 578 00:34:55,000 --> 00:34:58,200 Speaker 1: million tons of earthen rock, blast out a channel eighteen 579 00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:01,239 Speaker 1: hundred feet long and seven d defeat wide. At the 580 00:35:01,280 --> 00:35:03,520 Speaker 1: same time, create an inner harbor a quarter of a 581 00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:06,759 Speaker 1: mile wide and a half a mile long. Minimum water 582 00:35:06,800 --> 00:35:09,160 Speaker 1: depth will be around thirty feet. And they were just 583 00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:11,120 Speaker 1: going to do that in a matter of milliseconds, just 584 00:35:11,200 --> 00:35:15,320 Speaker 1: create a artificial harbor. And it sounds cool and everything, 585 00:35:15,719 --> 00:35:18,239 Speaker 1: but when you really look at like, why are you 586 00:35:18,320 --> 00:35:22,359 Speaker 1: doing this, no one had a really good explanation. Uh. 587 00:35:22,440 --> 00:35:25,840 Speaker 1: Teller in that same article said there's vast oil and 588 00:35:25,880 --> 00:35:29,120 Speaker 1: coal reserves. They're just waiting to for people to show 589 00:35:29,160 --> 00:35:31,319 Speaker 1: up with boats to take it out of He left 590 00:35:31,320 --> 00:35:34,240 Speaker 1: out the fact that it's actually behind ice nine months 591 00:35:34,239 --> 00:35:36,600 Speaker 1: of the year, so it wouldn't be very easy to 592 00:35:36,920 --> 00:35:41,600 Speaker 1: um to industrialize. Um. And there was just holes in 593 00:35:41,640 --> 00:35:45,479 Speaker 1: this plan bigger than the harbor they were going to create. Yeah, 594 00:35:45,480 --> 00:35:48,440 Speaker 1: we're gonna we're gonna put water and fish with five eyes, 595 00:35:48,920 --> 00:35:52,719 Speaker 1: right exactly, another Simpsons reference. Yeah, five eyes, four eyes, 596 00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:55,560 Speaker 1: three three eyes blinky the fish because anything more than 597 00:35:55,560 --> 00:36:00,360 Speaker 1: one is or more than two, well, yes, one on 598 00:36:00,360 --> 00:36:07,520 Speaker 1: each side, blinky. We just mauled him. Yeah. Um. So 599 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:11,880 Speaker 1: the first idea for Chariot was two point four mega 600 00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:16,719 Speaker 1: tons and then they even they knew that was ridiculous, 601 00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:19,360 Speaker 1: and they said, all right, how about four would you 602 00:36:19,400 --> 00:36:24,439 Speaker 1: call it a colotton? Yeah, to kill a ton and 603 00:36:24,640 --> 00:36:29,360 Speaker 1: uh but thankfully, um there was enough hay raised in Alaska. 604 00:36:29,680 --> 00:36:32,000 Speaker 1: They said, we're branding state while you're treating us like this, 605 00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:35,319 Speaker 1: and um we said, all right, well maybe you're right 606 00:36:35,440 --> 00:36:38,839 Speaker 1: bad idea, Yeah, which is great because people started to 607 00:36:38,920 --> 00:36:41,359 Speaker 1: question it and say, you guys just want to see 608 00:36:41,360 --> 00:36:43,200 Speaker 1: if you can do this, and that's not good enough, 609 00:36:43,320 --> 00:36:46,800 Speaker 1: so stop. And then Plowshare as a whole kind of 610 00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:51,880 Speaker 1: ran into the same type of resistance. So because of 611 00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:55,200 Speaker 1: all of these worries about fallout, because here's the problem. 612 00:36:55,280 --> 00:36:57,520 Speaker 1: If you're the United States government, you can't be like 613 00:36:58,239 --> 00:37:00,920 Speaker 1: you gotta be, you really need to. You're the Soviets 614 00:37:00,920 --> 00:37:04,160 Speaker 1: and their nuclear weapons, you know, but try not to 615 00:37:04,200 --> 00:37:08,000 Speaker 1: worry about the weapons were actually blowing up in your state. Right. 616 00:37:08,440 --> 00:37:11,319 Speaker 1: That's that's tough to really spin that in a way 617 00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:13,560 Speaker 1: where people aren't worried about And the public became more 618 00:37:13,560 --> 00:37:16,280 Speaker 1: and more and more worried about fallout and nuclear testing 619 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:19,520 Speaker 1: and especially these underground ones where they're basically fracking or 620 00:37:19,520 --> 00:37:22,120 Speaker 1: trying to open up aquifers and that kind of stuff. 621 00:37:22,320 --> 00:37:25,799 Speaker 1: They were worried about ground groundwater getting contaminated, and that 622 00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:29,920 Speaker 1: UM really kind of brought Operation Plowshare front and center 623 00:37:30,200 --> 00:37:36,839 Speaker 1: in the nascent environmental um awareness movement. Yes. Um. And 624 00:37:36,880 --> 00:37:40,680 Speaker 1: then secondly, when they figured out there's just way cheaper 625 00:37:40,719 --> 00:37:44,960 Speaker 1: ways of doing this, Uh, there, the Operation plowshare was dead. 626 00:37:45,080 --> 00:37:47,360 Speaker 1: I wonder if they went to their top spin doctor 627 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:51,000 Speaker 1: and even that person was like, I got nothing for 628 00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:53,280 Speaker 1: you here, or you know who their top spin doctor 629 00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:56,400 Speaker 1: would have been at that time in the seventies, a 630 00:37:56,440 --> 00:38:03,439 Speaker 1: man himself. Yeah, chills, you got anything else, no, sir. 631 00:38:03,960 --> 00:38:07,120 Speaker 1: And that's the end of that chapter. If you want 632 00:38:07,120 --> 00:38:09,439 Speaker 1: to know more about Operation flos share, just type those 633 00:38:09,440 --> 00:38:12,280 Speaker 1: words into the search bar how stuff works dot com 634 00:38:12,360 --> 00:38:15,720 Speaker 1: and uh, we'll bring up this article. And since I said, 635 00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:21,440 Speaker 1: uh plowshares, it's time for listening mail, I'm gonna read 636 00:38:21,440 --> 00:38:24,120 Speaker 1: a quickie uh, and then and then then a real one. 637 00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:27,000 Speaker 1: But we the gauntlet has been laid down. We've got 638 00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:30,440 Speaker 1: a message from John Hodgman. Oh, yes, you listened to 639 00:38:30,440 --> 00:38:34,120 Speaker 1: our nostalgia episode. Yeah. I never thought he'd listen. And 640 00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:36,880 Speaker 1: I said, uh, I think we both offered him a 641 00:38:36,960 --> 00:38:38,839 Speaker 1: chance to rebut we're like, you know, it's not cool 642 00:38:38,960 --> 00:38:42,799 Speaker 1: just to slam your theory um without you being in 643 00:38:42,800 --> 00:38:45,799 Speaker 1: the room. I thought it was perfectly cool. It's like, 644 00:38:45,840 --> 00:38:47,040 Speaker 1: but you can you know, if you want to write 645 00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:49,799 Speaker 1: a listener mail for us, we'll read it. Oh man, 646 00:38:49,840 --> 00:38:52,520 Speaker 1: the indignancy. Oh man, So he sent this in that 647 00:38:52,560 --> 00:38:54,879 Speaker 1: guy gets set off, like at the drop of the hat, 648 00:38:56,040 --> 00:38:57,920 Speaker 1: life was so much better before you trash me in 649 00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:01,279 Speaker 1: my nostalgia theory all over your podcast. You can't pull 650 00:39:01,320 --> 00:39:03,200 Speaker 1: that and then get me to write something for you 651 00:39:03,400 --> 00:39:07,000 Speaker 1: for free. I love that for a free thing. Call 652 00:39:07,080 --> 00:39:08,920 Speaker 1: me up and I'll discuss it with you, dudes, or else, 653 00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:10,960 Speaker 1: let's talk about it on stage when you're in Brooklyn, 654 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:13,279 Speaker 1: because we're gonna be in Brooklyn this June for two 655 00:39:13,280 --> 00:39:16,520 Speaker 1: shows at the Bellhouse. Either way, I demand a special 656 00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:19,560 Speaker 1: episode looking forward to your reply in the future. That 657 00:39:19,719 --> 00:39:24,919 Speaker 1: is all so uh, we're gonna have John on via 658 00:39:25,840 --> 00:39:29,960 Speaker 1: calmly and he'll probably rush the stage in New York 659 00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:33,400 Speaker 1: I soon, I sincerely hope not, but we're gonna have 660 00:39:33,520 --> 00:39:36,320 Speaker 1: him on soon to officially rebut via phone. I'm excited 661 00:39:36,320 --> 00:39:38,239 Speaker 1: about this, Chuck. It's got me good it's good. Oh, 662 00:39:38,239 --> 00:39:40,040 Speaker 1: it's gonna be great. All right, So here's the real 663 00:39:40,080 --> 00:39:44,080 Speaker 1: listener mail. I'm gonna call this the gender pay gap episode, 664 00:39:44,080 --> 00:39:45,360 Speaker 1: and there's gonna be a couple of these over the 665 00:39:45,400 --> 00:39:50,480 Speaker 1: next couple of weeks because it generated a lot of mail. Alright, yes, 666 00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:53,239 Speaker 1: a lot of email. Uh, let's just listen to the 667 00:39:53,280 --> 00:39:55,160 Speaker 1: gender pack up, guys. I'd like say thank you both. 668 00:39:55,760 --> 00:39:57,480 Speaker 1: Chuck said at the end, you felt a bit clumsy 669 00:39:58,120 --> 00:39:59,799 Speaker 1: with getting your points across, and I know you may 670 00:39:59,840 --> 00:40:01,880 Speaker 1: not have meant it this way, but I want to 671 00:40:01,920 --> 00:40:04,560 Speaker 1: commend you guys for all the times you've handled sensitive 672 00:40:04,560 --> 00:40:09,880 Speaker 1: topics like champions. Uh, it's apparently handled. It's apparent when 673 00:40:09,920 --> 00:40:11,560 Speaker 1: you speak you're mindful of how your words could be 674 00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:14,799 Speaker 1: interpreted by others, and it's uplifting. You think you guys 675 00:40:14,800 --> 00:40:18,760 Speaker 1: have young infession. Impressionable fans and podcast lands have taken 676 00:40:18,760 --> 00:40:21,400 Speaker 1: notice how you were considerate of other perspectives that are 677 00:40:21,400 --> 00:40:24,439 Speaker 1: not your own. Um, we try, but we we've brewed 678 00:40:24,480 --> 00:40:27,239 Speaker 1: that up to so but I appreciate it. A little 679 00:40:27,280 --> 00:40:30,040 Speaker 1: side note. When you were talking about gender dominated professions, 680 00:40:30,480 --> 00:40:33,320 Speaker 1: you mentioned that these are jobs that men or women prefer. However, 681 00:40:33,360 --> 00:40:35,040 Speaker 1: I don't think that the ratio of one gender or 682 00:40:35,040 --> 00:40:39,200 Speaker 1: another under profession or industry is indicative only of a preference. 683 00:40:39,719 --> 00:40:42,320 Speaker 1: I think it is still the expectation of certain genders 684 00:40:42,680 --> 00:40:46,799 Speaker 1: having specific jobs. Uh, that is the stronger determinant of 685 00:40:46,840 --> 00:40:51,320 Speaker 1: professional choice. Uh, profession choice. Imagine if men and women 686 00:40:51,360 --> 00:40:53,600 Speaker 1: of all races have been given equal opportunity from the 687 00:40:53,600 --> 00:40:56,640 Speaker 1: get go, what would be the gender makeup of various 688 00:40:56,680 --> 00:40:59,880 Speaker 1: industries and positions that are currently dominated by one gender? 689 00:41:00,239 --> 00:41:03,080 Speaker 1: Begin to change us. I think it's great importance to 690 00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:06,040 Speaker 1: instill in young people and understanding that they're not constrained 691 00:41:06,040 --> 00:41:09,000 Speaker 1: to any set of jobs due to gender. That is 692 00:41:09,040 --> 00:41:11,799 Speaker 1: from Emily Trene. Emily, that is such a great point. 693 00:41:11,920 --> 00:41:14,960 Speaker 1: Couldn't agree more. And we got so many emails like 694 00:41:15,080 --> 00:41:18,400 Speaker 1: that about just these little details. Yeah, if you just 695 00:41:18,520 --> 00:41:21,279 Speaker 1: mention them, it just changes the complexion of everything. It 696 00:41:21,320 --> 00:41:23,880 Speaker 1: takes this this concept and makes it even more like 697 00:41:23,960 --> 00:41:26,080 Speaker 1: a parent. Yeah, one time, I wish we could go 698 00:41:26,160 --> 00:41:28,480 Speaker 1: back in time. Well I sort of do too, but 699 00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:31,040 Speaker 1: we can do that now. Because one thing I wanted 700 00:41:31,080 --> 00:41:33,120 Speaker 1: to mention was one point I wish I had made 701 00:41:33,680 --> 00:41:37,000 Speaker 1: was I got a lot of responses, um mainly from 702 00:41:37,080 --> 00:41:40,560 Speaker 1: dudes on our Facebook fade saying well, you know, you 703 00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:42,720 Speaker 1: set it yourself. Men are more apt to ask for raises. 704 00:41:42,760 --> 00:41:45,719 Speaker 1: Men are more aggressive about negotiating their salary to begin with. 705 00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,040 Speaker 1: And I was like fine, but like step back and 706 00:41:50,040 --> 00:41:52,440 Speaker 1: then why is that true? Like don't just say well 707 00:41:52,440 --> 00:41:55,879 Speaker 1: that's the reason, Like maybe take a more macro view 708 00:41:55,880 --> 00:41:57,759 Speaker 1: of that even and say, well, why are they more 709 00:41:57,760 --> 00:42:00,160 Speaker 1: apt to do that? Is that part of society? Is 710 00:42:00,160 --> 00:42:03,520 Speaker 1: that sy stomach? Um? And I think it is. Sure. 711 00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:07,000 Speaker 1: So that's all I have to say about that. Uh, well, 712 00:42:07,040 --> 00:42:10,080 Speaker 1: thanks again, Emily, thank you, Chuck, sure, thank you, Josh, 713 00:42:10,680 --> 00:42:13,680 Speaker 1: thanks and Jerry, thank you? Quiet Jerry? Should we got 714 00:42:13,760 --> 00:42:16,680 Speaker 1: wake noal up and thank him. Uh, we'll just leave 715 00:42:16,680 --> 00:42:19,960 Speaker 1: a note on his head. Um, there's already three notes 716 00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:23,799 Speaker 1: on his head. And if you know once from like 717 00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:27,399 Speaker 1: last week. Uh, if you want to get in touch 718 00:42:27,440 --> 00:42:30,239 Speaker 1: with us to make an excellent point or flesh out 719 00:42:30,320 --> 00:42:32,880 Speaker 1: a point that we made or what have you, we 720 00:42:33,080 --> 00:42:35,600 Speaker 1: love to hear that kind of stuff. You can tweet 721 00:42:35,640 --> 00:42:37,680 Speaker 1: to us tot s y s K podcast. 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