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Speaker 1: Welcome to step you missed in history class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I am Tracy V. Wilson and I'm Holly Frying. Happy

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Speaker 1: New Year, everybody happy Here. It is Unearthed time. We

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Speaker 1: are taking our annual look back at things that were

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Speaker 1: literally or figuratively unearthed in we know these are technically

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Speaker 1: coming out, we wait until the very end, so all

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Speaker 1: of twenty seventeen could happen. That's actually false because cover um,

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Speaker 1: we're recording these on December twelve, but my review of

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Speaker 1: the unearthed Pinterest board where we keep jack of all

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Speaker 1: this took place on December sixth and seventh, So there's

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Speaker 1: always this little gap, but this is a bigger gap

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Speaker 1: than normal. So I'm just gonna hope that nothing huge

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Speaker 1: happens between now and the end of the year. Also,

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Speaker 1: there are six hundred and twenty five pins on that

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Speaker 1: Pinterest board as of December seven, compared to four d

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Speaker 1: forty three on the board, So we're not going to

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Speaker 1: talk about all six hundred twenty five things. I feel

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Speaker 1: like if we did that, we could have a whole

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Speaker 1: other podcast that's just unearthed thing we that is a

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Speaker 1: thing that could happen, but like like it would have

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Speaker 1: to be retrospective the year before, play out over the

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Speaker 1: course of a year, and then we start again. But

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Speaker 1: we're really difficult and talk about other stuff we do. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And then also this is uh, this is a part

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Speaker 1: of our year end review because it's it's it's basically

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Speaker 1: part of how we keep ourselves on schedule through the holidays.

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Speaker 1: So that's why that is um. So But if you

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Speaker 1: do want to go look at all all pins there

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Speaker 1: at pinterest dot com slash mist in History and they're

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Speaker 1: on the unearthed in seventeen board and you can also

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Speaker 1: see the past few years of boards if you would

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Speaker 1: like to. One other little caveat at the top of

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Speaker 1: this there were whole collections of documents related to Mata

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Speaker 1: Hari and to the assassin, the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

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Speaker 1: This year that we're declassified, we are not really getting

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Speaker 1: into either of those. Uh. Maybe in the new year

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Speaker 1: we will have time to actually look at those documents

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Speaker 1: in a thorough way, but we have not yet, so

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Speaker 1: that's why we're not talking about them. In today's episode.

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Speaker 1: We have anticlimactic headlines shipwrecks, medical finds, and some collections

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Speaker 1: that we are calling how that get there and we

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Speaker 1: told you so, along with a couple of past episode updates,

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Speaker 1: and the next time we will have some thefts, repatriations,

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Speaker 1: stuff people found in their own collections, exclamations, and some

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Speaker 1: edibles and potables, along with a few other assorted tidbits. First,

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Speaker 1: anticlimactic headlines, which are stories that really had people buzzing

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Speaker 1: this year, but then they didn't turn out to be

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Speaker 1: all that earth shaking. We're gonna start with an update

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Speaker 1: from Unearthed in July, which was the exhimation of H. H. Holmes,

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Speaker 1: A k Herman mudget whose murder Castle became an infamous

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Speaker 1: part of the World's Fair and is also covered by

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Speaker 1: an episode in the archive. Holmes was to have been

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Speaker 1: hanged and buried in Pennsylvania in eighteen six, but this

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Speaker 1: year his remains were exhumed to settle long standing speculation

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Speaker 1: about whether that body was really his. And that's what

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Speaker 1: we talked about back in July. In spite of a

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Speaker 1: court order specifying quote, no commercial spectacle or carnival atmosphere

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Speaker 1: shall be created, either by this event or any other

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Speaker 1: incident pertaining to the remains. All this played out on

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Speaker 1: a History Channel series called American Ripper. Uh. And that's

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Speaker 1: a series Mudget's great great grandson, Jeff offered up his

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Speaker 1: own DNA for comparison. Also part of the show was

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Speaker 1: Jeff Mudget's hypothesis that his great great grandfather had in

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Speaker 1: the years before turning his own home into a murder castle,

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Speaker 1: lived in London and carried out the Jack the Ripper murders.

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Speaker 1: Mudget has detailed this hypothesis in a ted X talk

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Speaker 1: and a book called Bloodstains as well. It's based on

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Speaker 1: a couple of journals that he says he inherited from

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Speaker 1: his great great grandfather, which described murders that were committed

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Speaker 1: in London. So after the dramatic exhumation through a layer

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Speaker 1: of concrete that Herman Mudget had requested before his death

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Speaker 1: to try to deter body thieves, DNA and skeletal evidence

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Speaker 1: confirmed that the remains were his. In other words, j.

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Speaker 1: Tolmes did not escape execution and fake his own death.

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Speaker 1: His great great grandson still maintains that he was Jack

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Speaker 1: the Ripper though. UH. People also got really excited about

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Speaker 1: a colossal statue of Pharaoh Ramsey's the second A k

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Speaker 1: Ramsey's the Great, who died in twelve b C. The

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Speaker 1: twenty six ft court site statue was found submerged in

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Speaker 1: groundwater in a Cairo neighborhood, so that on his zone

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Speaker 1: is pretty dramatic, but further examination success that it is

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Speaker 1: definitely not Ramsey's the Second. It's the way less famous

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Speaker 1: and more recent king sam Tech the First, who ruled

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Speaker 1: from six to six sam Tech is known for bringing

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Speaker 1: stability to Egypt after decades of turmoil, but he is

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Speaker 1: not nearly as famous as Ramsey's the Second. It's still

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Speaker 1: a really large statue though, and it might be notable

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Speaker 1: as a late period fine because of its size, but

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Speaker 1: it is not the headline making Ramsey's the Great, And

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Speaker 1: as happens just about every single year, a new headline

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Speaker 1: about Amelia Earhart made the rounds. This time it was

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Speaker 1: photographic proof where air quoting proof, the air Heart and

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Speaker 1: her navigator Fred Noonan's survived a crash landing and were

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Speaker 1: then taken captive by the Japanese. Although this photo got

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Speaker 1: a whole lot of headlines calling it quote conclusive proof,

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Speaker 1: it was really not a lot to go on at all.

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Speaker 1: The figure that was supposed to be air Heart was

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Speaker 1: not even facing the camera, and the face that was

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Speaker 1: supposedly Noonan's was deeply shadowed, and speculation that this shape

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Speaker 1: in the background was her plane boiled basically down to well,

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Speaker 1: it's about the same size as the plane without trying

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Speaker 1: to make light of Amelia Earhart's death. When I first

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Speaker 1: saw the photo, it made me think of Bigfoot because

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Speaker 1: it looked so much like the grainy photos you see

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Speaker 1: the proof that there is a Sasquatch. It definitely felt

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Speaker 1: like grainy conspiracy theorist footage. Yeah, so things got even

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Speaker 1: more doubtful a couple of days after History Channel aired

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Speaker 1: It's Amelia Earhart the Lost Evidence, when a Japanese military

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Speaker 1: history buff published a blog post saying he'd found a

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Speaker 1: copy of that photo published in a book. And that

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Speaker 1: book came out in five, two years before Amelia Earhart

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Speaker 1: vanished in seven, So even before this blog post came out,

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Speaker 1: a number of news outlets started updating their conclusive proof

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Speaker 1: stories and air quotes with some skeptical rebuttals. And these rebuttals,

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Speaker 1: a lot of them had their own problems. They were

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Speaker 1: mainly coming from Richard Gillespie at the International Group for

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Speaker 1: Historic Aircraft Recovery or Tiger, which has been the mounting

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Speaker 1: expeditions to look for signs of air hearts, since Tiger

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Speaker 1: is the source for most of the new in quotation

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Speaker 1: marks air heart theories that don't pan out, which seemed

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Speaker 1: like they come out every every year. Really often, they're

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Speaker 1: out artifacts that we already know about and have already

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Speaker 1: talked about a lot of times, they're like, now we

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Speaker 1: think the makeup makeup pot means this, uh much to

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Speaker 1: my chagrin. And article that I shared on our Facebook

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Speaker 1: that was a pretty conservative, skeptical read on this whole

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Speaker 1: photo after the fact was updated with extensive quotes from

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Speaker 1: Richard Gillespie, and I was like, wait a minute, Well,

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Speaker 1: well maybe they're just trying to make sure they feed

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Speaker 1: this end of year material. Maybe, so that's really there

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Speaker 1: a land We've gotten a couple of emails from people

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Speaker 1: over the years that are angry that we even talk

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Speaker 1: about anything that that they're doing with the makeup pots

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Speaker 1: and the couple of boone and all that. In an

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Speaker 1: event that we talked about so much on social media

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Speaker 1: that we thought we'd already covered it on the show,

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Speaker 1: Salvador Dolly's body was exhumed for a paternity test. On July,

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Speaker 1: Maria pillar A Belle Martinez reported that her mother told

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Speaker 1: her she had had an affair with Dolly in ninety

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Speaker 1: fifty five, the year before Martinez was born. Martinez has

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Speaker 1: been publicly claiming that she was Salvador Dali's daughter since

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Speaker 1: two thousand seven. So the first big news to come

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Speaker 1: from this exhumation was that when they opened the coffin,

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Speaker 1: Delli's trademark mustache was still excellently groomed and in pristine condition.

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Speaker 1: So that made a lot of news. And then on

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Speaker 1: September six, the Gala Salvador Deli Foundation announced that the

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Speaker 1: results were in. Deli was not Martinez's father. Madrid Court

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Speaker 1: confirmed the announcement on the eight. So after all that,

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Speaker 1: now that would make me sad if I thought I

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Speaker 1: was Salvador Deli's child and then found out I wasn't.

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Speaker 1: But this, this whole cycle of stories made people a

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Speaker 1: lot of people angry in a number of ways. On

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Speaker 1: our Facebook, one of the ways was that another publication

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Speaker 1: used the word painter in the headline and people got

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Speaker 1: really mad. And then people got really mad at her

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Speaker 1: and called her all kinds of names, and I was

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Speaker 1: like man. Just like if I grew up with my

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Speaker 1: mother having told me that this famous artist was my father,

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Speaker 1: I probably would want to know if that was true

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Speaker 1: or not. Yeah, it's conscated right, Uh, to move on.

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Speaker 1: Seven year old Matilda Jones pulled a sword from a

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Speaker 1: lake in Cornwall, the same lake where, according to legend,

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Speaker 1: King Arthur threw ex caliber to return it to the

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Speaker 1: lady of the lake before he died. People ran with

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Speaker 1: the idea that we should make this little girl queen.

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Speaker 1: But the sword is definitely not King Arthur's. It's only

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Speaker 1: twenty or thirty years old, and it is probably a

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Speaker 1: film prop. And similar news, a sphinx head was on

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Speaker 1: earth in the California Desert in December, but it was

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Speaker 1: not evidence of some kind of ancient Egyptian presence in California.

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Speaker 1: I similarly saw a lot of headlines that we're like

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Speaker 1: Egyptian sphinx on earth in California, and they were not

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Speaker 1: from you know, tabloids. This is a plaster of Paris

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Speaker 1: set piece that was used in the nineteen fifty six

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Speaker 1: film The Ten Commandments, and according to Hollywood, lowre cec

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Speaker 1: will Be the Mill had the Exodus set from the

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Speaker 1: movie buried in the desert because it was too expensive

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Speaker 1: to remove it. But it was also of such excellent

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Speaker 1: quality that leaving it there would invite rival filmmakers to

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Speaker 1: use it for their own movies. So it's part of

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Speaker 1: film history, but it's not evidence that there was another

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Speaker 1: group of people in ancient time. Now, now, before we

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Speaker 1: move on, which is going to be to shipwrecks, we're

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Speaker 1: gonna pause for a sponsor break. Shipwrecks are always a

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Speaker 1: listener favorite, so we're going to talk about a few.

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Speaker 1: An incredibly well preserved eighteen hundred year old shipwreck was

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Speaker 1: found off the coast of Spain's Belliaric Islands. This is

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Speaker 1: then part of the Western Mediterranean that only has a

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Speaker 1: few intact shipwrecks. We we talk a lot of times

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Speaker 1: about huge collections of hundreds or even thousands of shipwrecks

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Speaker 1: found in other parts of the Mediterranean, but this is

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Speaker 1: a part where it's not not nearly as frequent. This

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Speaker 1: particular ship contained between a thousand and two thousand ancient

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Speaker 1: Roman jars, still basically where they were when the ship

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Speaker 1: went down. These clay jars probably contain fish sauce that

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Speaker 1: had been mass produced in Spain and Portugal thousands of

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Speaker 1: years old fish, so it might be delicious. I don't know.

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Speaker 1: These jars are a variety known as mph A, and

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Speaker 1: the wreck was discovered after fishers in the area started

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Speaker 1: finding pieces of m for a in their nets. I

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Speaker 1: think that might excite me if I were fishing, it

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Speaker 1: would me I cut fish and something really cool underwater.

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Speaker 1: Teams working at the wreck of the Dutch East India's

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Speaker 1: ship Roostwick, which I'm I'm just gonna say, that's probably

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Speaker 1: how that's pronounced, they found a mysterious chest. The ship

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Speaker 1: sank off of Kent in seventeen forty and as of

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Speaker 1: late August, the chest had not been opened yet, and

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Speaker 1: this is leading to a lot of speculation about whether

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Speaker 1: it is a bona fide treasure chest or something really

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Speaker 1: boring like ledgers, like a pile of dresses, duty rosters. Unfortunately,

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Speaker 1: we weren't able to find the answer to that just yet,

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Speaker 1: so it still remains a magical zone of speculation. But

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Speaker 1: the rest of the ship has its own wealth of treasures,

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Speaker 1: including cannons, fine glassware, and a bunch of Mexican silver dollars.

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Speaker 1: A bronze arm was brought up from the Anti Cithers

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Speaker 1: ship wreck this year, where there are at least seven

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Speaker 1: more statues still submerged. This arm was actually outside of

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Speaker 1: the wreck itself. It was under sediment on the slope

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Speaker 1: where the ship came to rest on the seafloor. I

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Speaker 1: feel like you can't have an unearthed without a little

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Speaker 1: antikither talk. I know there's gonna be stuff coming up

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Speaker 1: from that shipwreck as as people are able to get

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Speaker 1: to it because's kind of treacherous. Next year maybe we'll

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Speaker 1: have a big, fat update on it. Uh And Britain

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Speaker 1: also announced that it would give Canada the wrecks of

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Speaker 1: Franklin's expedition, which we've talked about Unearthed previously. The UK

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Speaker 1: Ministry of Defense officially transferred ownership to Parks Canada, although

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Speaker 1: Britain did hang on to a few of the artifacts.

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Speaker 1: That announcement cracked me up a little bit, because, I mean,

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Speaker 1: I understand it. I understand what's happening here, but the

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Speaker 1: like the their shipwrecks in the water in Canada, how

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Speaker 1: you're gonna send them back? Yeah, you can have that

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Speaker 1: thing that's on your property and unmovable. You can have

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Speaker 1: that that's fine UH To move on to medical finds,

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Speaker 1: A multidisciplinary team investigated a strain of leprosy now known

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Speaker 1: as Hanson's disease, that was found in a hospital cemetery

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Speaker 1: in Winchester, United Kingdom. This study used radiocarbon dating, biomolecular analysis, genotyping,

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Speaker 1: and other methods to examine remains from the eleventh and

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Speaker 1: twelve centuries. One set of remains in the cemetery is

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Speaker 1: from somebody outside of Britain, and so the team concluded

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Speaker 1: that it probably belonged to a religious pilgrim, and then

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Speaker 1: the majority of remains in the cemetery, more than eighty

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Speaker 1: percent of them, showed signs of advanced Hanson's disease. These

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Speaker 1: remains all tie into multiple questions about Hanson's disease. How

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Speaker 1: do the strains of the disease that were common in

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Speaker 1: the past relate to the strains that exist today, and

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Speaker 1: how did religious pilgrimage affect the spread of the disease

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Speaker 1: in the medieval world. The second question is still being examined,

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Speaker 1: but when it comes to the first, the m leprey

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Speaker 1: genome hasn't changed very much since the prevalence of Hanson's

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Speaker 1: disease peaked in Europe, so it's possible that its eventual

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Speaker 1: decline was thanks in part to increasing genetic resistance. The

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Speaker 1: oldest known prostate stones were unearthed a cemetery in Sudan

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Speaker 1: this year. The twelve thousand year old stones were discovered

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Speaker 1: in The findings weren't published in Plus one until this year.

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Speaker 1: Prostate stones are fairly common, but typically they tend to

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Speaker 1: be small and asymptomatic, apart from potentially contributing to urinary

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Speaker 1: tract infections. But the specimens found in the Sudanese grave

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Speaker 1: were the size of walnuts, which would have been incredibly painful.

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Speaker 1: They're so large that you might wonder if they were

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Speaker 1: literally anything else, but analysis confirmed that they formed in

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Speaker 1: a prostate gland. So a little bit gross, a whole

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Speaker 1: lot of yikes. Yeah, it was one of those you

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Speaker 1: look at them and kind of go, maybe that's maybe

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Speaker 1: it's a rock. Maybe it's a rock that happens to

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Speaker 1: be where this body. No, it's not a rock. Researchers

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Speaker 1: uncovered what maybe the world's first ever example of dental fillings.

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Speaker 1: These teeth, there were two of them, were found at

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Speaker 1: the Raparo Free Dan Fight in Italy and they're about

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Speaker 1: thirteen thousand years old. Both teeth have holes drilled into

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Speaker 1: them that extend into the pulp, and then these holes

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Speaker 1: are filled with tar like bitumen. The researchers speculated that

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Speaker 1: the holes may have been for some purpose other than dentistry,

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Speaker 1: perhaps to attach jewelry to the teeth or for some

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Speaker 1: of their cosmetic reason, but the fact that the holes

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Speaker 1: are filled with bitumen suggests that it was an attempt

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Speaker 1: to treat tooth decay, and there are other examples of

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Speaker 1: tooth modifications that suggests some kind of dental work dating

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Speaker 1: even early here. But this is the first known filling,

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Speaker 1: which also would have been done without effective anesthesia and

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Speaker 1: probably with a rock. So once again, a lot of

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Speaker 1: our medical unearthings are Yike's territory. Researchers at the University

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Speaker 1: of Exeter are challenging the widely held assumption that made evil.

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Speaker 1: Europe assumed infertility only affected women, although religious writings on

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Speaker 1: infertility generally focused on women. Historian Dr Katherine Rider found

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Speaker 1: references to infertility in men in medical texts from the

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Speaker 1: thirteenth through the fifteenth centuries. Now, this did not mean

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Speaker 1: that they otherwise had any sort of clue what they

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Speaker 1: were talking about, though. One test for diagnosing which partner

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Speaker 1: was infertile involved a man and a woman each urinating

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Speaker 1: into a separate pot of brand and then the one

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Speaker 1: that grew worms in it belonged to the infertil partner.

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Speaker 1: You feel like every paragraph I get to read is

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Speaker 1: the yikes paragraph You did wind up on Yike's rotation.

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Speaker 1: We're going to move on to our next category of fines,

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Speaker 1: which we are calling how that get there? A work

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Speaker 1: crew in old Quebec found a live cannonball. Uh. It

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Speaker 1: dates back to the Battle of the Planes of Abraham

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Speaker 1: in seventeen fifty nine. But before anybody knew that this

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Speaker 1: thing was live, they took it out of the ground.

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Speaker 1: They gathered around it for a photograph. Then they contacted

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Speaker 1: archaeologist Surge Rouleau, who, still not knowing that it was

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Speaker 1: a live cannonball, took it home. Once he realized what

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Speaker 1: he had Uh, he contacted a team of army munitions

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Speaker 1: experts who came to neutralize it. Uh. Do you ever

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Speaker 1: read the t s a blog? This will sound like

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Speaker 1: I'm going on a tangent, but it's Germaine. Sure, so

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Speaker 1: they often they do like a weekly report of everything

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Speaker 1: they had to confiscate. I highly recommend it because well,

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Speaker 1: it's unsettling, but you would be shocked at how many

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Speaker 1: times people dig something out of the ground and then

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Speaker 1: they're like, I'm gonna take this hope as a souvenir

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Speaker 1: and the t s A is like, that's a live grenade. Similarly,

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Speaker 1: they have been cannonballs that have shown up where they're

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Speaker 1: like the people just had in like their carry on

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Speaker 1: luggage there. That's terrifying. It is. Indeed, a four hundred

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Speaker 1: year old embellishment bearing a tutor rose was found near

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Speaker 1: the Kremlin. It's five centimeters in diameter and made of

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Speaker 1: tin and lead, and based on the positions of four holes,

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Speaker 1: it was probably used as an adornmentt for clothing. It

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Speaker 1: may seem odd for a four hundred year old tutor

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Speaker 1: rose complete with engraved motto for the British monarch in

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Speaker 1: one doir to be in Moscow, but the location where

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Speaker 1: it was found used to be home to the first

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Speaker 1: English trading and Ambassadorial office there. I like how most

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Speaker 1: of these things that I filed under how that get

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Speaker 1: there have a logical reason why they're there, But it's

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Speaker 1: still surprising at first glance. A large marble container brought

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Speaker 1: to Blendom Palace by the fifth Duke of Marlborough has

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Speaker 1: turned out to be a Roman coffin. The Duke brought

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Speaker 1: the coffin not knowing it was a coffin to the

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Speaker 1: palace and the ninety century and in the years since

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Speaker 1: then it was used both as a water feature and

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Speaker 1: as a planter. It's also a pretty eye catching one.

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Speaker 1: It's carved with a drunken Dionysus at a party with

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Speaker 1: mostly naked revelers, which makes me wonder whose confidant was.

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Speaker 1: Somebody's probably pretty fun by total coincidence, and antiquities dealer

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Speaker 1: visiting the palace identified it as a sarcophagus, at which

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Speaker 1: point they brought it inside to protect it from the elements.

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Speaker 1: From there it was sent for a more detailed restoration,

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Speaker 1: and last up, probably the most surprising of all of

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Speaker 1: these crews restoring a church in Spain, discovered that an

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Speaker 1: eighteenth century priest had found an interesting place to leave

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Speaker 1: his letter to the future inside Jesus's buddocks. Chaplain Joaquin

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Speaker 1: Minguez wrote the letter in seventeen seventies seven, basically making

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Speaker 1: a little time capsule for what life was like at

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Speaker 1: the time, and then he put it into the buttocks

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Speaker 1: of a statue of Jesus, which is odd because you

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Speaker 1: would think he would not enter pay that people would

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Speaker 1: ever find it there. I don't know. I mean, I'm

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Speaker 1: sure unless he just predicted, like the people of the

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Speaker 1: future are just going to be horrible and completely disrespectful,

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Speaker 1: while we waxed repsolic on the complete disrespect of the

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Speaker 1: future that he may or may not have believed people

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Speaker 1: would have. We're gonna pause and have a little break

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Speaker 1: for a sponsor. We are moving on to the category

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Speaker 1: I made up called we told you so. We here

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Speaker 1: does not mean Holly and I told you so. It

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Speaker 1: means whoever was telling historians and archaeologists things, someone had

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Speaker 1: knowledge because maybe wasn't being considered. Yes, so these are

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Speaker 1: all things that have confirmed something that people had already

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Speaker 1: been saying for anywhere from decades to centuries. First up,

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Speaker 1: after being given a homework assignment on World War two,

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Speaker 1: fourteen year old Daniel rom Kristensen's father made a wild suggestion,

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Speaker 1: which is that he should find the German plane that had,

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Speaker 1: according to family lore, crashed on the family's land in

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Speaker 1: northern Denmark during World War Two. Daniel's grandfather was known

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Speaker 1: for telling tall tales, and since no one had found

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Speaker 1: this plane during the decades of plowing their farmland that

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Speaker 1: had happened, everybody had basically come to believe that his

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Speaker 1: story of a World War two plane crash was really

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Speaker 1: just a joke. But Daniel and his father went out

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Speaker 1: with a metal detector and they found not only the

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Speaker 1: plane but also likely the remains of the pilot. They

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Speaker 1: contacted local authorities and soon a local and soon a

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Speaker 1: forensic specialist and a bomb disposal unit were on the

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Speaker 1: property to secure the wreckage. They also had a visit

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Speaker 1: from the German embassy. So Grandad was telling the truth.

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Speaker 1: I like that he got vindicated. A British expatriate living

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Speaker 1: in Japan has at least tentatively confirmed a long dismissed

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Speaker 1: story about British Australian's first contact with Japan. The story

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Speaker 1: goes that in eighteen twenty nine, convicted men aboard the

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Speaker 1: Cypress mutinyed off the coast of Tasmania, with former sailor

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Speaker 1: WILLIAMS Swallow leading the uprising and taking command of the ship.

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Speaker 1: From there, they sailed onto New Zealand, Japan, and southern China.

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Speaker 1: The men were eventually captured, taken back to England, tried

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Speaker 1: and hanged, and even though they were consistent in their

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Speaker 1: story that they'd been in Japan, nobody believed them. Japan's

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Speaker 1: borders were closed off to most foreign visitors at this point,

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Speaker 1: and later examinations of Japanese records didn't mention the Cyprus.

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Speaker 1: But then English teacher Nick Russell stumbled onto a watercolor

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Speaker 1: of a ship sailing under a British flag in an

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Speaker 1: online archive, and this led him to a story about

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Speaker 1: a ship anchoring off Hikoku Island in eighteen thirty and

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Speaker 1: a record of samurai Mikita Hamaguchi visiting the ship to

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Speaker 1: check it for weapons. So some of this is definitely preliminary,

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Speaker 1: but so far they're experts in Japan and Australia who

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Speaker 1: have weighed in and agreed that Russell might have finally

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Speaker 1: proved that these mutineers were not making the whole thing up.

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Speaker 1: DNA ealysis has confirmed that indigenous Australians have lived in

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Speaker 1: the same parts of Australia for as long as those

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Speaker 1: areas have been populated. In other words, Aboriginal Australians have

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Speaker 1: continued to live in the same parts of the continent

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Speaker 1: that their ancestors originally settled. This research was part of

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Speaker 1: the Aboriginal Heritage Project, which hopes to help Australia's Indigenous

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Speaker 1: population trace their regional ancestry and their family genealogy, essentially

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Speaker 1: documenting what's already been part of Aboriginal oral history and culture.

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Speaker 1: But this tenure project also has some possible future implications

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Speaker 1: as well. It might help authorities repatriate artifacts to the

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Speaker 1: correct Aboriginal people's and help survivors of Australia's stolen generations

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Speaker 1: reconnect with their families. As a side note, other studies

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Speaker 1: released this year suggests that Australia was actually settled before

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Speaker 1: the commonly cited forty seven thousand years ago. One team

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Speaker 1: found evidence of human habitation in Booty Cave on Barrow Island,

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Speaker 1: sixty kilometers off the coast of Western austra Alia, dating

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Speaker 1: back to about fifty thousand years Another team, publishing findings

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Speaker 1: in the journal Nature, concluded that a sandstone rock shelter

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Speaker 1: in Northern Territory was inhabited sixty five thousand years ago.

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Speaker 1: This work with the Aboriginal Heritage Project has basically confirmed

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Speaker 1: what Aboriginal Australians were already saying, which is like, our

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Speaker 1: people have been living in this place for times of

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Speaker 1: thousands of years. A genetic study of northwest North America

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Speaker 1: reached incredibly similar conclusions about the indigenous residents of southern

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Speaker 1: Alaska and the western coast of British Columbia. Mitochondrial DNA

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Speaker 1: analysis revealed that Indigenous people living in these areas today

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00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:41,639
Speaker 1: are descended from the region's first inhabitants about ten thousand

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Speaker 1: years ago, and also in British Columbia, archaeologists have confirmed

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Speaker 1: with the Hiltsuck Nation's oral history has maintained that the

430
00:24:49,359 --> 00:24:52,159
Speaker 1: Hiltsuck Nation moved to a small area of land that

431
00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:55,399
Speaker 1: never froze during the Ice Age and survived there for

432
00:24:55,520 --> 00:24:59,639
Speaker 1: the duration. Archaelogists carefully excavated the area and found that

433
00:24:59,760 --> 00:25:03,200
Speaker 1: yet there were artifacts dating back fourteen thousand years, at

434
00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:06,679
Speaker 1: which point glaciers were covering much of the surrounding land mass,

435
00:25:06,680 --> 00:25:10,680
Speaker 1: but not that particular area. The HILTech Nation is hopeful

436
00:25:10,840 --> 00:25:13,480
Speaker 1: that the findings will support the nation's claims in any

437
00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:16,639
Speaker 1: future negotiations about land rights and other legal issues in

438
00:25:16,680 --> 00:25:19,960
Speaker 1: the area. So now we're moving on to a category,

439
00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:23,160
Speaker 1: like a subcategory of that one called we probably told

440
00:25:23,160 --> 00:25:26,800
Speaker 1: you these are things that may pan out to be

441
00:25:26,920 --> 00:25:30,680
Speaker 1: and I told you so. Uh so, like you said,

442
00:25:30,680 --> 00:25:33,480
Speaker 1: there's some ongoing research that might once it's done, move

443
00:25:33,560 --> 00:25:36,200
Speaker 1: these two that we told you so Pile the Bayatuck.

444
00:25:36,280 --> 00:25:39,520
Speaker 1: We're an indigenous people in Newfoundland, with the last known

445
00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:43,640
Speaker 1: member dying in a hospital in eight nine. A strand

446
00:25:43,680 --> 00:25:46,000
Speaker 1: of that person's hair has been passed down through the

447
00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:50,120
Speaker 1: family of the doctor who treated her for tuberculosis, so

448
00:25:50,160 --> 00:25:53,160
Speaker 1: it's not actually possible to extract DNA from that hair,

449
00:25:53,359 --> 00:25:56,800
Speaker 1: which is missing its route. But researchers were able to

450
00:25:57,040 --> 00:25:59,600
Speaker 1: extract some DNA from the remains of several b a

451
00:25:59,680 --> 00:26:03,840
Speaker 1: Tech people along with some of the Maritime Archaic people,

452
00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:07,159
Speaker 1: which were a prehistoric Newfoundland culture, and they did this

453
00:26:07,280 --> 00:26:10,320
Speaker 1: after seeking permission from the First Nations and Inuit people's

454
00:26:10,359 --> 00:26:13,639
Speaker 1: in this area. Currently, this work is trying to trace

455
00:26:13,720 --> 00:26:16,520
Speaker 1: the origins of these peoples and their family tree, both

456
00:26:16,560 --> 00:26:20,360
Speaker 1: in and outside of Newfoundland, but it could potentially confirm

457
00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:24,239
Speaker 1: whether people living today have some Baetuck ancestry. That's one

458
00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:26,320
Speaker 1: of the things where the people living there today have

459
00:26:26,359 --> 00:26:28,240
Speaker 1: said we are descended from the people who are of

460
00:26:28,280 --> 00:26:30,600
Speaker 1: this culture. It's not a culture that completely disappeared, and

461
00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:34,600
Speaker 1: so this is research that might confirm that. Following a

462
00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:39,080
Speaker 1: similar theme, North America's Ancestral Puebloans are often described as

463
00:26:39,080 --> 00:26:42,439
Speaker 1: an ancient people that no longer exists, but some modern

464
00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:48,159
Speaker 1: Pebloans maintained the ancestral Puebloans didn't die out, they just moved.

465
00:26:48,760 --> 00:26:52,439
Speaker 1: Archaeologists and anthropologists have been trying to verify this idea

466
00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:56,760
Speaker 1: while also respecting tribes reluctance to have DNA analysis performed

467
00:26:56,760 --> 00:27:00,440
Speaker 1: on ancient human remains. So what they've done turned to

468
00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:05,320
Speaker 1: the bones of animals that the ancient Puebloans domesticated, specifically turkeys,

469
00:27:05,920 --> 00:27:09,960
Speaker 1: using mitochondrial DNA and analysis. They studied turkey bones from

470
00:27:09,960 --> 00:27:14,800
Speaker 1: Mesa Verde in southwestern Colorado, which was the ancestral Pebloans homeland,

471
00:27:14,960 --> 00:27:17,000
Speaker 1: and they compared it to the turkeys near the Rio

472
00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:21,720
Speaker 1: Grand region, where modern Pebloans say that their ancestors eventually relocated.

473
00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:25,560
Speaker 1: Until about the year twelve eighty, the two groups of

474
00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:28,720
Speaker 1: turkeys did not have anything in common, but then after

475
00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:32,560
Speaker 1: twelve eighty turkeys, and the Rio Grand had haplo haplow

476
00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:35,920
Speaker 1: groups that had previously been found only in the masa

477
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:40,159
Speaker 1: Verde turkeys. I just have to say, I think this

478
00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:43,560
Speaker 1: is the most ingenious way I agree approached this problem.

479
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:47,040
Speaker 1: That's somebody is very smart to have come up with

480
00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:50,480
Speaker 1: this uh and it is obviously preliminary, but a reasonable

481
00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:54,119
Speaker 1: explanation would be that the ancestral Puebloans moved from masa

482
00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:57,840
Speaker 1: Verde to the Rio Grand area around twelve eighty, bringing

483
00:27:57,880 --> 00:28:02,120
Speaker 1: their domesticated turkeys with them. Separate studies not strictly related

484
00:28:02,119 --> 00:28:04,000
Speaker 1: to where whether anyone will ever get to say we

485
00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:07,320
Speaker 1: told you so, looked at the pueblo in building methods

486
00:28:07,359 --> 00:28:09,960
Speaker 1: and may severy date, specifically at the Sun Temple, which

487
00:28:10,080 --> 00:28:12,920
Speaker 1: day backs dates back to about the year twelve hundred.

488
00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:16,000
Speaker 1: Research led by Dr Sherry Towers at the Arizona State

489
00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:21,440
Speaker 1: University Simon eleven Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center has

490
00:28:21,480 --> 00:28:24,159
Speaker 1: shown that there's a lot of mathematical complexity that went

491
00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:28,240
Speaker 1: into building the structure, especially considering that the Pabloans who

492
00:28:28,280 --> 00:28:30,600
Speaker 1: built it didn't at the time have a written language

493
00:28:30,680 --> 00:28:33,240
Speaker 1: or a number system. So the team is now hoping

494
00:28:33,280 --> 00:28:36,240
Speaker 1: to figure out whether a standard unit of measure that

495
00:28:36,359 --> 00:28:40,440
Speaker 1: they pieced together from this evidence was also used in

496
00:28:40,560 --> 00:28:44,160
Speaker 1: other Pabloan sights as well. And we're going to close

497
00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:47,240
Speaker 1: out this part of our Unearthed with a few assorted

498
00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:50,000
Speaker 1: tidbits that are relevant to past episodes of the show.

499
00:28:50,680 --> 00:28:53,840
Speaker 1: In we talked about an unearthed photo believed to be

500
00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,920
Speaker 1: of Billy the Kid playing croquet, which was purchased at

501
00:28:56,920 --> 00:29:00,200
Speaker 1: a junk shop, making headlines this year. Was enough. They're

502
00:29:00,280 --> 00:29:03,360
Speaker 1: purported Billy the Kid pick, this time seated next to

503
00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:06,800
Speaker 1: Pat Garrett, who was the man who would eventually kill him.

504
00:29:06,880 --> 00:29:10,120
Speaker 1: The picture is a tintype bought by North Carolina lawyer

505
00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:13,400
Speaker 1: Frank Abrams in Tleven, and it made headlines this year

506
00:29:13,720 --> 00:29:17,080
Speaker 1: because of estimates that it might be worth millions of dollars.

507
00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:21,640
Speaker 1: A mass grave connected to the wreck of the Batavia

508
00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:25,080
Speaker 1: was found on Beacon Island in November. The grave contains

509
00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:28,480
Speaker 1: the remains of ten people, but the site itself suggests

510
00:29:28,480 --> 00:29:31,840
Speaker 1: that they were buried respectfully and thoughtfully, so if you

511
00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:34,680
Speaker 1: don't recall from our past episodes on the Batavia, this

512
00:29:34,800 --> 00:29:38,880
Speaker 1: eventually turned into a horrifying massacre, so researchers believe that

513
00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:41,560
Speaker 1: these were people who died in the immediate aftermath of

514
00:29:41,600 --> 00:29:44,880
Speaker 1: the wreck before things got so bad, rather than later

515
00:29:45,160 --> 00:29:48,400
Speaker 1: after the massacre happened. And this year we did a

516
00:29:48,440 --> 00:29:51,560
Speaker 1: two part podcast on Executive Order in nineties sixty six

517
00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:55,560
Speaker 1: and the mass incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War two,

518
00:29:56,280 --> 00:29:58,200
Speaker 1: and one of the things that we discussed in that

519
00:29:58,280 --> 00:30:00,920
Speaker 1: and other podcast was at the JAP Thea's population of

520
00:30:00,960 --> 00:30:05,680
Speaker 1: Hawaii was much too large to incarceerate everyone, so in Hawaii,

521
00:30:05,760 --> 00:30:09,800
Speaker 1: Japanese Americans were subject to restrictions on fishing, curfews, and

522
00:30:09,840 --> 00:30:13,600
Speaker 1: other efforts to restrict their movement. Some of the Japanese

523
00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:17,320
Speaker 1: population of Hawaii were incarcerated, though many were people who

524
00:30:17,320 --> 00:30:20,600
Speaker 1: were influential in the community, people like business leaders, clergy

525
00:30:20,680 --> 00:30:25,200
Speaker 1: and other prominent citizens. Hanuliluli Internment Center on Oahu was

526
00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:29,560
Speaker 1: one of seventeen such incarceration sites. Was the largest incarceration

527
00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:32,520
Speaker 1: camp in Hawaii, and it was used for Japanese Americans

528
00:30:32,560 --> 00:30:35,120
Speaker 1: as well as for prisoners of war from other countries.

529
00:30:36,040 --> 00:30:41,080
Speaker 1: Honolululi was designated as a National Historic Monument in and

530
00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:45,360
Speaker 1: excavation work began in It has continued on through this

531
00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:48,880
Speaker 1: year with students participating in the research through coursework at

532
00:30:48,960 --> 00:30:52,160
Speaker 1: University of Hawaii West Oahu. I remind me a little

533
00:30:52,160 --> 00:30:56,360
Speaker 1: bit of the ongoing archaeology classes at Harvard to folks

534
00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:59,920
Speaker 1: from that on the show before last up. In today's

535
00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:04,440
Speaker 1: part of our Unearthed two parter, a cold case team

536
00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:07,240
Speaker 1: led by filmmaker Tom Colbert got its hands on a

537
00:31:07,360 --> 00:31:10,840
Speaker 1: letter purportedly from dB Cooper that they say confirms an

538
00:31:10,840 --> 00:31:14,520
Speaker 1: FBI cover up, but the FBI has not reopened the case,

539
00:31:14,600 --> 00:31:18,000
Speaker 1: which it closed last year. This letter was allegedly sent

540
00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:21,480
Speaker 1: to newspapers after the hijacking, which would confirm that dB

541
00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:24,920
Speaker 1: Cooper did survive, and it was obtained through the Freedom

542
00:31:24,960 --> 00:31:29,040
Speaker 1: of Information Act. So we'll have more Unearthed on our

543
00:31:29,080 --> 00:31:31,600
Speaker 1: next episode. We sure will. But in the meantime, Tracy,

544
00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:33,240
Speaker 1: do you have a little bit of a listener mail

545
00:31:33,280 --> 00:31:35,120
Speaker 1: to top this one off? I do. It's another one

546
00:31:35,120 --> 00:31:38,200
Speaker 1: about our recent episode on the aber Van disaster, and

547
00:31:38,240 --> 00:31:41,640
Speaker 1: it is from Christina. Christina says, Dear Tracy and Holly,

548
00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:43,960
Speaker 1: I just finished listening to your recent podcast on the

549
00:31:43,960 --> 00:31:46,680
Speaker 1: aber Van disaster and was struck by the similarities to

550
00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:49,840
Speaker 1: an American tragedy in nineteen seventy two, Just six short

551
00:31:49,920 --> 00:31:53,040
Speaker 1: years later. It occurred in Logan County, West Virginia, and

552
00:31:53,080 --> 00:31:56,000
Speaker 1: had a similar story to what happened in Wales. The

553
00:31:56,040 --> 00:31:58,959
Speaker 1: Pittston Coal Company had a cold slurry, the mixture of

554
00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:02,760
Speaker 1: solid and liquid coal ace impoundment damp that burst, sending

555
00:32:02,800 --> 00:32:05,520
Speaker 1: a hundred and thirty two million gallons of black wastewater

556
00:32:05,640 --> 00:32:09,280
Speaker 1: into the Buffalo Creek Hollow. The waves reached over thirty

557
00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:12,560
Speaker 1: feet high as they descended on sixteen cold towns. Of

558
00:32:12,600 --> 00:32:15,400
Speaker 1: a population of five thousand, a hundred and twenty five

559
00:32:15,400 --> 00:32:18,440
Speaker 1: people were killed, one thousand, one hundred twenty one injured,

560
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:21,760
Speaker 1: and over four thousand left homeless. Following this, the company

561
00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:24,400
Speaker 1: claimed the damn failing was an act of God, though

562
00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:26,840
Speaker 1: a commission determined the company was at fault and gets

563
00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:30,000
Speaker 1: guilty of murder. The state and hundreds of survivors sued

564
00:32:30,040 --> 00:32:33,160
Speaker 1: and received millions and damages. I visited Logan County in

565
00:32:33,160 --> 00:32:36,040
Speaker 1: two thousand eight on a service trip. It's an old county,

566
00:32:36,160 --> 00:32:39,400
Speaker 1: rich and Appalachian culture, and struggling with poverty and substance abuse.

567
00:32:39,840 --> 00:32:43,440
Speaker 1: Though physical remnants of the disaster are gone, every resident

568
00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:46,840
Speaker 1: vividly knows or remembers the flood. There have been studies

569
00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:50,000
Speaker 1: into the psychological toll the disaster placed on the survivors.

570
00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:53,120
Speaker 1: I highly recommend the book Everything in Its Path Destruction

571
00:32:53,160 --> 00:32:56,720
Speaker 1: of Community in the Buffalo Creek Flood by sociologist Katie Ericsson.

572
00:32:57,080 --> 00:32:59,280
Speaker 1: As always, thank you for your work educating people and

573
00:32:59,320 --> 00:33:02,520
Speaker 1: sharing your pa actions for history. Best Christina. Thank you

574
00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:05,680
Speaker 1: so much for this email, Christina, um I wanted to

575
00:33:05,680 --> 00:33:08,120
Speaker 1: share it. We've gotten a couple of emails about similar

576
00:33:08,760 --> 00:33:11,360
Speaker 1: mining disasters to the one that happened in Aberan that

577
00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:15,720
Speaker 1: we're mostly about landslides or burst damns, et cetera that

578
00:33:16,800 --> 00:33:20,040
Speaker 1: had a similarly tragic effect, so I'm not going to

579
00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:21,960
Speaker 1: read all of them, but i did want to read

580
00:33:22,040 --> 00:33:24,640
Speaker 1: this one, so thank you so much, Christina. If you

581
00:33:24,640 --> 00:33:26,120
Speaker 1: would like to try to us about this or any

582
00:33:26,120 --> 00:33:28,920
Speaker 1: other podcast or history podcasts at how stuffworks dot com.

583
00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:32,240
Speaker 1: We're also all over social media under the name missed

584
00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:34,280
Speaker 1: in History, so that's where you will find our Facebook,

585
00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:38,200
Speaker 1: our Pinterest, our Instagram, our Twitter. Our pinterest is where

586
00:33:38,200 --> 00:33:40,360
Speaker 1: we keep an unearthed board every year, which is where

587
00:33:40,360 --> 00:33:42,400
Speaker 1: I keep up with this stuff all year long, so

588
00:33:42,440 --> 00:33:44,080
Speaker 1: we can talk about it at the end. Of the year.

589
00:33:44,880 --> 00:33:47,040
Speaker 1: You can come to our website, which is missed in

590
00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:49,080
Speaker 1: history dot com and you will find show notes of

591
00:33:49,120 --> 00:33:51,960
Speaker 1: all the episodes Holly and I haven't done together and

592
00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:55,400
Speaker 1: that you will also find uh an archive of every

593
00:33:55,440 --> 00:33:57,720
Speaker 1: episode we have ever done. And you could find our

594
00:33:57,760 --> 00:34:01,840
Speaker 1: podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Play, anywhere else who listen

595
00:34:01,880 --> 00:34:10,640
Speaker 1: to podcasts. For more on this and thousands of other topics,

596
00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:20,239
Speaker 1: visit how stop works dot com. M