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Speaker 1: All zone media.

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Speaker 2: It's's riot time when it could happen here. This is

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Speaker 2: this is the podcast that you're listening to. It's about

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Speaker 2: this is this one's kind of about bad things. This

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Speaker 2: is this is about a bunch of riots in the past.

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Speaker 2: I'm your host to be along with Vus James and

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Speaker 2: Garrison Hello harming. So one of the kind of I

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Speaker 2: don't know, the trends of twenty twenty four is everyone

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Speaker 2: looking at this year and going this is nineteen sixty eight. Again,

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Speaker 2: there's campus occupations or that are anti war protests. There

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Speaker 2: is a Democratic National Convention that is expected to be

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Speaker 2: extremely hot.

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Speaker 3: And so one of one of the things that we are.

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Speaker 2: Doing in the run up to the Democratic Convention is

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Speaker 2: we are going to go do some episodes about nineteen

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Speaker 2: sixty eight, and we are eventually going to do episodes

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Speaker 2: about like the Columbia campus occupations and about the DNC.

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Speaker 2: But unfortunately, in order to do that, we have to

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Speaker 2: why I say, unfortunately, this is actually not unfortunately, this

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Speaker 2: this mostly rules. I don't know, some of it's bad.

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Speaker 2: But in order to talk about this and this is

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Speaker 2: this is the part of this whole thing that has

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Speaker 2: been completely forgotten right. You know, there's there's become this

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Speaker 2: kind of like I don't know, state cult isn't quite

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Speaker 2: the right word, but there's become this sort of like

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Speaker 2: professional institutional history of nineteen sixty eight, where like all

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Speaker 2: of these universities like proudly have banners from like nineteen

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Speaker 2: sixty eight protests. Everyone has been like, you know, incredibly

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Speaker 2: willing to embrace the legacy of the anti war movements

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Speaker 2: and the Captus occupations, and you know, like insofar as

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Speaker 2: they tell people not to embrace things, it's this stuff

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Speaker 2: about like you know, you hear this constant screaming about

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Speaker 2: don't repeat the sixty eight convention. But there's one part

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Speaker 2: of this story that has is just gone, has been

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Speaker 2: excised from the historical record. It is extremely clear that

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Speaker 2: no one wants you to remember it whatsoever, and that

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Speaker 2: is the Holy Week Uprising.

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Speaker 3: Do you two know have you too heard of the

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Speaker 3: Holy Week Uprising? Not before you started talking about it

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Speaker 3: in our work meetings.

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Speaker 4: I'm familiar with it. I've covered in US history Ghosroughs before.

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Speaker 4: Not as that name. I think people might be more

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Speaker 4: familiar with they be described the events.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, So the other name for is the MLK riots,

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Speaker 2: which is a week I mean, okay, so it's okay, yeah, yeah, okay, yeah,

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Speaker 2: so okay, so and I should be clear about this. Okay,

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Speaker 2: So there are there are really two things going on here.

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Speaker 2: There is one the actually it's usually thought of it

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Speaker 2: was about a week, but it's it's actually longer than that.

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Speaker 2: There's like a couple of months of writing in various

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Speaker 2: places over the sascination of MLK. The other thing that's

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Speaker 2: going on here is a wave of urban rebellion. And

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Speaker 2: when I say urban here, I'm not just talking about

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Speaker 2: you know, like Watts or Detroit or Chicago, like these

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Speaker 2: like giant urban cities, which is which is how you know,

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Speaker 2: insofar as anyone ever talks about writing in this period

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Speaker 2: is about these large urban centers. No, they are right

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Speaker 2: in Milwaukee. The most intense fighting that we're going to

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Speaker 2: talk about in this episode happens in York, Pennsylvania. In

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Speaker 2: this period for about is about nineteen sixty three to

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Speaker 2: roughly by nineteen seventy one seventy two was kind of over.

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Speaker 2: There are a staggering number of urban uprisings. I'm going

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Speaker 2: I'm going to read a quote from a book called

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Speaker 2: the Great Uprising, which is about this sort of period.

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Speaker 2: Between nineteen sixty three and nineteen seventy two, America experienced

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Speaker 2: over seven hundred and fifty urban revolts. Upwards of five

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Speaker 2: hundred and twenty five cities were affected, including nearly every

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Speaker 2: one with a black population over fifty thousand. The two

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Speaker 2: largest wave of uprisings came during the summer of nineteen

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Speaker 2: sixty seven entry in Holy Week in nineteen sixty eight,

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Speaker 2: following the assassination of Martin Luther King Junior. In these

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Speaker 2: two years alone, one hundred and twenty five people were killed,

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Speaker 2: nearly seven thousand were injured, approximately forty five thousand arrests

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Speaker 2: were made, and property damage top one hundred and twenty

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Speaker 2: seven million dollars or approximately nine hundred million and twenty

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Speaker 2: seventeen dollars.

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Speaker 4: If you can even stretch this out to like, can

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Speaker 4: I just give you the Spain and I put on

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Speaker 4: this in my history class, and then and then we

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Speaker 4: can we can continue. Yeah, Okay. So the way I

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Speaker 4: perceive this is the process of decolonization begins like in

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Speaker 4: the colonies, and it comes back to the metropol right,

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Speaker 4: and we see like this physical decolonization in places like Algeria, right,

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Speaker 4: and then the impact of witnessing that returns to the

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Speaker 4: metropol along with the theories that like, if you want

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Speaker 4: to say they declonize the mind, I think that that's

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Speaker 4: an acceptable way. And like this sort of struggle and

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Speaker 4: even the esthetic, right, like the aesthetic of the Battle

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Speaker 4: of algieas is present in some of these uprisings, like

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Speaker 4: and then you can stretch it out to like, you know,

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Speaker 4: I like to talk about Winded NYE, but the second

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Speaker 4: occupation of Winded Nee in nineteen seventy three, I think

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Speaker 4: you could also see that as part of this decolonization struggle.

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Speaker 4: At least that's my uh, yeah, that's my angle on it.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And I think there's definitely a lot of like,

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Speaker 2: I don't know, there's a lot of inspiration taken there.

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Speaker 2: I think the way it's usually seen in the US

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Speaker 2: is as this is the sort of I don't know,

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Speaker 2: it's kind of as it's seen as is kind of

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Speaker 2: this is where everything went off the rails after the

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Speaker 2: Civil rights movement, which isn't what happens. Yeah, And the

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Speaker 2: other way I think this is seen and this is

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Speaker 2: I don't know, a lens that is kind of useful

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Speaker 2: to talk about this, but kind of isn't is about

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Speaker 2: the sort of quote unquote long nineteen sixty eight, So

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Speaker 2: you know, we're gonna be covering a lot of nineteen

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Speaker 2: sixty eight stuff on this show, you know, so like

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Speaker 2: there's obviously this nineteen sixty eight in France. I think

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Speaker 2: if you want to look at the origin point of

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Speaker 2: the sort of like wave uprisings that are specifically nineteen

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Speaker 2: sixty eight and that aren't sort of like the decolonization arc,

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Speaker 2: I think it probably starts in China with the January

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Speaker 2: Storm in nineteen sixty seven. But on the other hand,

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Speaker 2: sort of and this is you know, one of the

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Speaker 2: things about this period is everything is happening so much

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Speaker 2: at the same time, right, Like we have a lot

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Speaker 2: of experience about this, but like you know, as the

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Speaker 2: January Storm, the January Storm is as part of the

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Speaker 2: Culture Revolution where Mao kind of loses control and Mao

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Speaker 2: kind of incites a bunch of these like a bunch

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Speaker 2: of workers in Shanghai to like take the city. But

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Speaker 2: then they actually take the city and they run the

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Speaker 2: party out, they run the pla out, and for a

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Speaker 2: brief period of time, Shanghai like has just been taken

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Speaker 2: by its working class and is not being run by

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Speaker 2: the party, and there's this whole, like you know, massive

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Speaker 2: series of struggles and kind of struggles. But the thing

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Speaker 2: that the think about the sort of the way succeed

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Speaker 2: is understood is you know, even some people even include that,

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Speaker 2: but these riots, specifically the Holy Week riots are almost

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Speaker 2: never talked about as as part of this process, which

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Speaker 2: I think they obviously are, and I think, you know,

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Speaker 2: part of the reason that we're talking about them now

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Speaker 2: is that you can't understand the Columbia campus occupations. You

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Speaker 2: can't understand the kind of politics that's going to come

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Speaker 2: after that, you can't understand the and see, you can't

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Speaker 2: understand like the rise of black radicalism. Like none of

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Speaker 2: this is comprehensible at all unless you understand these riots,

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Speaker 2: because this was the uprising that sort of kicked everything off.

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Speaker 2: It's also this is a very hard thing to write

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Speaker 2: about because like this, I've had the time of my

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Speaker 2: life trying to put this together because this thing should

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Speaker 2: be like thirty five hours, and I don't have thirty

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Speaker 2: five hours. I have thirty minutes. So that being said,

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Speaker 2: let's get into why these are happening. So obviously there

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Speaker 2: is the civil rights movement happening. You know, nineteen sixty

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Speaker 2: five you get, you get the Voting Rights Act. We've

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Speaker 2: had some civil rights acts. But comma, if you are

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Speaker 2: like you are a part of the black working class

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Speaker 2: in nineteen cities of America, a society is still unbelievably racist.

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Speaker 2: Like they're like, you know, like on on a very

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Speaker 2: basic level, there's a bunch of people walking around calling

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Speaker 2: you the N word. You are restricted to the shittiest

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Speaker 2: jobs available, assuming you can find work at all. One

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Speaker 2: of the biggest ones. And this is something that this

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Speaker 2: is something that was a very big focus of the

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Speaker 2: kind of later civil rights umit that kind of has

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Speaker 2: been a race for historical memory was struggle over housing.

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Speaker 2: I'm going to read another thing from the Great Uprising

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Speaker 2: SNCC field worker John Baptiste, who took over for Robinson

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Speaker 2: and Hanson, described many of the homes in the Second War.

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Speaker 2: This is in Cambridge, which is one of the places

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Speaker 2: where those really intense rioting. Both we'll talk about this

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Speaker 2: in a little bit, but both in sixty three and

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Speaker 2: in sixty seven describe many of the homes in the

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Speaker 2: Second Ward as nothing more than converted horse barns, corn cribs,

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Speaker 2: and company shacks, which lacked hot, running water, flush toilets,

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Speaker 2: and electricity. Separate and independent investigations by federal officials confirmed

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Speaker 2: Betista's claims. We were shown block after block of tottering,

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Speaker 2: single family frame structures, often lined along dirt roads and

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Speaker 2: generally with little or no setback, which is like they're

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Speaker 2: like directly on the street, right, you open your door

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Speaker 2: and you're on the street, crowded almost against each other,

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Speaker 2: and on small lots, sometimes of no more than fifty

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Speaker 2: or sixty foot depth, reported one US Department of Housing

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Speaker 2: and Urban Development official. These dwellings were obviously obsolete and

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Speaker 2: in disrepair, with tumbling porches and steps. Many were without

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Speaker 2: inside toilets, and in several instances, the outside privy served

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Speaker 2: more than one family. Hot water is rarely available, and

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Speaker 2: several are without inside water. Overcrowding is a common pattern.

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Speaker 2: So you know, this is the kind of like this,

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Speaker 2: this is one of the centers of these struggles. So

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Speaker 2: these people are living in like nineteen thirties barns and this,

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Speaker 2: you know, there is there was a sort of staggering

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Speaker 2: amount of anger about this, and the other aspect of

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Speaker 2: this is that you know, okay, so these people are

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Speaker 2: living in like places that are not fit human habitation. Also,

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Speaker 2: they are on average fifty six percent more of their

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Speaker 2: income goes to rent than white than Why then white

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Speaker 2: people paid a rent, which means that you know, and

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Speaker 2: and this this is also one of the things that's

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Speaker 2: happening in this period is that there's a bunch of

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Speaker 2: money for like white people that the government is giving them,

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Speaker 2: are giving people sort of loans and subsidies and tax

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Speaker 2: credits to go buy houses. None of this is happening

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Speaker 2: for black people. So what you have is a situation

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Speaker 2: where like if you are black, basically all of your

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Speaker 2: money is being absorbed into rents. There is no possibility

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Speaker 2: of you like saving or you know, like saving to

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Speaker 2: buy a house, like other than the sort of like

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Speaker 2: ramshackle shit that you're in, Like the conventional civil rights movement,

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Speaker 2: right you're sort of like non violent marches. This hasn't

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Speaker 2: done shit to deal with any of these problems. You're

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Speaker 2: also dealing with really really intense labor discrimination, you know,

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Speaker 2: and I mean these are things like like there's this

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Speaker 2: kind of like example in Baltimore where you know, you'll

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Speaker 2: you'll you'll have union locals that are literally all white locals, right,

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Speaker 2: and they will they will cut these deals with management

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Speaker 2: where they will be like, well, management will hands like

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Speaker 2: hiring and firing power over to the unions, and the

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Speaker 2: unions go, oh great, okay, and this this is a

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Speaker 2: negotiated thing between the two. The unions are like, okay,

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Speaker 2: only unions can work at only union members can work

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Speaker 2: at the shop, which in theory is good. But in

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Speaker 2: practice what this means is because these are all white unions, right,

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Speaker 2: they've they've now created a system by which you can,

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Speaker 2: by which you can just not hire black people.

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Speaker 1: Ever.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, the Brianna wu method. Oh god, yeah, you know

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Speaker 4: it's a reference to a terrible tweet I hopefy people

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Speaker 4: haven't seen.

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Speaker 3: Oh god. Yeah.

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Speaker 2: And you know the other things that are sort of

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Speaker 2: happening here, right, is so in theory desegregation is supposed

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Speaker 2: to be happening. In practice, that shit is not happening.

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Speaker 2: People are making people are doing these like you know,

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Speaker 2: like white progressors are giving these speeches about how like, ah,

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Speaker 2: segregation is like ending where we're like integrating quickly, and

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Speaker 2: it's not happening, and all of this kind of you know,

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Speaker 2: all of this sort of fuel and also and obviously

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Speaker 2: the sort of immediate spark of a lot of a

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Speaker 2: lot of these uprisings, So particularly in sixty seven, is

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Speaker 2: that as as happens today, you know, you all statistically

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Speaker 2: have lived I don't know why I was satistically, all

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Speaker 2: of you have.

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Speaker 3: Lived through this.

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Speaker 2: All of you probably have been to at least one

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Speaker 2: protest that is this is that the coptious murder people

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Speaker 2: and all of this sets off a set of kindling

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Speaker 2: and is going to lead to a simply staggering wave

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Speaker 2: of uprisings.

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Speaker 3: But first, do you know what I.

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Speaker 2: Won't lead to us a simply staggering set of uprisings

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Speaker 2: if you buy them.

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Speaker 4: It's the production and consumption of created needs, as described

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Speaker 4: by Herbert Mark Cuser.

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Speaker 3: That's right, James, Yes, or more on that.

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Speaker 4: Here's these ads.

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Speaker 2: So we are back, all right, So let's start actually

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Speaker 2: talking about some of these riots. Okay, So I've mentioned

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Speaker 2: before that these riots are happening in a lot of

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Speaker 2: places that are not like that are not typically considered.

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Speaker 2: And we're actually not gonna talk sort of sunningly for

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Speaker 2: thinking about this. We're not going to talk about the

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Speaker 2: Watts Riots, which are probably the biggest and most famous

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Speaker 2: of the riots in this period. We're not going to

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Speaker 2: talk about Detroit either, even though that was another really

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Speaker 2: big one, because you know, you you can go out

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Speaker 2: and you can find a bunch of people kind of

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Speaker 2: talking about these. We are going to start in Omaha.

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Speaker 2: Where begin Yeah, Like but again, this this is something

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Speaker 2: that's very important is that this is not just a

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Speaker 2: sort of uprising of the urban ghettos, which is which

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Speaker 2: is how it's like very explicit. This is literally the

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Speaker 2: language that is used at this time to describe what's

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Speaker 2: happening here. But like, no, this is happening in a

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Speaker 2: bund Like again, Cincinnati and Omaha is interesting because it

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Speaker 2: has one of the a very very common one of

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Speaker 2: the other big sort of rallying points in this era

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Speaker 2: is price gouging. So you know, if you're if you're

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Speaker 2: in one of these like ninety nine percent black communities,

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Speaker 2: like the one, like the one white person who is

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Speaker 2: there is the shop owner. And the thing the shop

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Speaker 2: owner is doing is the shop owner is gouging you

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Speaker 2: for food because you don't you know, you don't have

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Speaker 2: any other options to buy for you from, so they're

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Speaker 2: going to gouge you, and they're going to give you

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Speaker 2: like the worst products you can ever you've ever seen

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Speaker 2: in your life. And so by many sixty six people

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Speaker 2: are just fed up with this. There start there start

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Speaker 2: to be sort of protests, like specifically at these white stores,

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Speaker 2: there's a bunch of people, you know, throwing rocks.

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Speaker 1: At the cops.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, and so you know, so, I mean, okay.

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Speaker 2: The other thing that's very important to understand about these

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Speaker 2: places is that these riots don't just start out of nowhere, right.

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Speaker 2: These are mostly places where there have been existing civil

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Speaker 2: rights movements and they kind of just ran into a

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Speaker 2: stone wall, you know. One of the big things in

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Speaker 2: this period too, and this is something that like like

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Speaker 2: you know, this is what MLK and the Poor People's

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Speaker 2: Campaign was sort of working on at the same time,

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Speaker 2: was you know, these these these demands for job programs,

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Speaker 2: and so people are you know, marching round, they doing

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Speaker 2: like pickets. Omaha, Like has a Malcolm X come speak

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Speaker 2: at one point and he's talking about like, you know,

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Speaker 2: like the youth these protests and people like marching outside

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Speaker 2: of Safeway saying like we want jobs. And these protests

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Speaker 2: start getting attacked by the police, and this is something

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Speaker 2: that you know, this is something that that has been

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Speaker 2: happening to these nonviolent sit ins. I'm going to read

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Speaker 2: a passage from the book. Then the burnings began from there,

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Speaker 2: Omaha police Wallace's quote unquote goon squad and spectators began

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Speaker 2: to beat the protesters out of the auditorium using batons

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Speaker 2: and metal folding chairs. Reeling from the attacks, African American

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Speaker 2: youth retaliated in the streets. So like like they'll be

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Speaker 2: in meetings with community with like like the mayor or whatever,

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Speaker 2: and these fucking mobs will start just beating people with chairs.

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Speaker 2: The goon squad, you say, yeah, God reminds me of

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Speaker 2: the we've been running ads to free down at Peltier

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Speaker 2: a week.

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Speaker 4: But the guardians of the Agglala Nation, but like thet's

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Speaker 4: literally call themselves the goons. I'm guessing the people, not

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Speaker 4: the people participating in this particular beat. Non many such

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Speaker 4: cases in this area.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, and this gets to another aspect of these of

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Speaker 2: these riots is that a lot of them aren't started

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Speaker 2: by rioters. They're started by a bunch of like a

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Speaker 2: white mob showing up and attacking people. And so you know,

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Speaker 2: in Omaha. And this is something that we're going to

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Speaker 2: see a lot. Uh. That is something that kind of

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Speaker 2: doesn't happen as much now, is like they just the

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Speaker 2: cops just fucking kill people the streets from protests are

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Speaker 2: happening in Omaha. They like they just they murder a

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Speaker 2: kid with a riot gun. And this, you know, this

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Speaker 2: sets off like as sort of you know the patterns

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Speaker 2: that Worshire visa seeing of like these sort of escalating riots.

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Speaker 2: And this is a very kind of familiar riot, right,

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Speaker 2: Like I think we've all we've all had the like, Okay,

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Speaker 2: so the police attacked a bunch of people, so it caused.

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Speaker 4: A riot kind of thing. Yeah, so now a riot starts.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And this is this is a relatively non violent riot,

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Speaker 2: which is to say that people are mostly throwing stones

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Speaker 2: and molotovs. That is absolutely not true of a huge

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Speaker 2: amount of the rest of these riots, and particularly as

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Speaker 2: we sort of get closer to Holy Week. Something that

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Speaker 2: is very important about the sixty eight riots that is

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Speaker 2: not true about any riots that we've ever lived through

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Speaker 2: is that not only are people extremely well armed, they

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Speaker 2: are the state's monopoly on violence in nineteen sixty eight

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Speaker 2: is nowhere near as powerful as it is now. People

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Speaker 2: will just fucking shoot. And one of the constant things

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Speaker 2: you read about when you're reading about these riots is

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Speaker 2: that is, you know, every police account has police like

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Speaker 2: screaming about snipers, and like I didn't believe this, right,

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Speaker 2: because I was reading this, I was like, Okay, whatever

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Speaker 2: other police, right, they talk about snipers all the time.

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Speaker 2: You see this in radical accounts too, where people will

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Speaker 2: talk about like, well, yeah, like the National Guard and

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Speaker 2: Watts will be talking about how they're taking sniper fires

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Speaker 2: so they'll start shooting machine guns and like the rus

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Speaker 2: of build at buildings.

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Speaker 3: Right, But.

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Speaker 2: Like this was real, people actually were like doing this,

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Speaker 2: and you know I was, I was really sort of

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Speaker 2: like like on the on the fence about this, like

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Speaker 2: what's this actually happening? And then the next thing I

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Speaker 2: read was an interview with a guy who'd been a

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Speaker 2: black nationalist and starts talking about how they they were

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Speaker 2: using all of their dynamite stores and how they didn't

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Speaker 2: have fuses for the dynamites so they had to like

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Speaker 2: they had to plant the dynamite and then retreat across

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Speaker 2: the sheet to shoot at the dynamite.

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Speaker 3: So the dynamite would go off.

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Speaker 4: That sounds like a fun exercise.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, it was.

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Speaker 2: It was nuts. It was like the kind of stuff

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Speaker 2: these people were doing is sort of just really it's

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Speaker 2: really staggering.

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Speaker 4: Like you say, the state just didn't have that same

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Speaker 4: monopoly on violence like that there was. It didn't have

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Speaker 4: the overwhelmed cops, didn't have like the overwhelming force that

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Speaker 4: they do now, that they didn't possess tanks, and like

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Speaker 4: it was a lot harder to trace gun purchases in

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Speaker 4: nineteen sixties because not everyone used credit cards. So it

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Speaker 4: made it a whole lot easier for folks to have

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Speaker 4: and keep guns.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Well the other thing is, like, you know, this is

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Speaker 2: something that that in some of the this is something

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Speaker 2: that played into some of the NAACP like chapters in

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Speaker 2: the South that were the sort of like black working

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Speaker 2: class chapters. Is that like so if you were if

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Speaker 2: you were an NRA chapter, you could just buy at

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Speaker 2: a really cheap bulk rate like surplus M one garrens

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Speaker 2: from the US Army and AMMO, and they would just

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Speaker 2: sell it to you.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, you can still buy them at a pretty cheap

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Speaker 4: rate through the CMP. Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, but you could buy like like really large quantities

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Speaker 2: of them as long as you were sort of like,

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Speaker 2: you know, there was this kind of like popular like

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Speaker 2: popular like gun marksman culture that we don't like we

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Speaker 2: have been in, like our gun culture is kind of insane,

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Speaker 2: and this was like a very different thing from there.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, definitely, And you had like like Rob Williams was

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Speaker 4: the the are you failure with Rob Williams? Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 4: he wrote a book called Negros with Guns. He was

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Speaker 4: the he was the leader of the NRA chapter right

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Speaker 4: in Monroe. But then yeah, also a member of the NAACP, which,

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Speaker 4: like the NRA has has has pivoted a long way

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Speaker 4: from what it was.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, Well, in part of what's happening here is

404
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Speaker 2: people are just kind of like picking up whatever institution

405
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Speaker 2: they have and using it to.

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Speaker 3: Like build a movement a tool.

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Speaker 4: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, So all right, we're gonna we're gonna move on

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Speaker 2: from Omaha and Cincinnati, like you know, so we're we're

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Speaker 2: we're gonna start talking about some of the I guess

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Speaker 2: you'd call like the uprising proper. So I guess before

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Speaker 2: we fully head into this, it should be noted that

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Speaker 2: there's it's generally you know, I talked about this before.

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Speaker 2: There's generally the way these riots are understood is as

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Speaker 2: a thing that is discontinuous from the civil rights movement,

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Speaker 2: and that's just not true. A lot of the civil

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Speaker 2: rights movement, like things that people now think of as

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Speaker 2: like non violent campaigns, weren't like a lot of the

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Speaker 2: stuff in uh oh my fucking Like a lot of

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Speaker 2: a lot of the fights in Louisiana like are just

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Speaker 2: straight up riots.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: And one of the important sort of bridge figures here

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Speaker 2: is Gloria Richardson, who's I wish we could do like

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Speaker 2: an entire episode about her right now, but that'll have

426
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Speaker 2: to wait till later. She is, she's a civil rights

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Speaker 2: activist in Cambridge and her movement, and it's like, you know,

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Speaker 2: like she is in a lot of ways that like

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Speaker 2: kind of dedicated non violence, but she's very explicit that

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Speaker 2: we're going to do armed self defense and a lot

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Speaker 2: of the stuff that she leaves, I mean, this is

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Speaker 2: you know, getting back to like nineteen sixty three. Like

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Speaker 2: the civil rights stuff that she's doing is extremely effective

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Speaker 2: and a lot of it is just straight up riots,

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Speaker 2: to the point where like there's a very famous thing

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Speaker 2: for the civil rights era are called the Treaty of Cambridge,

437
00:21:21,600 --> 00:21:24,760
Speaker 2: where like she and her people agreed to like stop

438
00:21:24,880 --> 00:21:29,600
Speaker 2: rioting and the city agreed to completely integrate. But by

439
00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:31,560
Speaker 2: the time he gets to nineteen sixty seven, they haven't

440
00:21:31,760 --> 00:21:36,639
Speaker 2: done it. And so the riots started off in Cambridge again.

441
00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:40,560
Speaker 2: And you have this incredibly sort of hot like summer.

442
00:21:40,640 --> 00:21:43,399
Speaker 2: Over the course of ninety sixty seven, there's this like

443
00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:46,800
Speaker 2: enormous wave of riots and you know, a Cambridge's famous one,

444
00:21:46,800 --> 00:21:50,199
Speaker 2: but like Detroit's another big one. And this, I don't know,

445
00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:54,800
Speaker 2: this should have given people warning that there there would be,

446
00:21:54,960 --> 00:21:57,280
Speaker 2: you know, giant uprisings if anyone did anything to MLKA,

447
00:21:57,359 --> 00:22:01,879
Speaker 2: but apparently it didn't. And you know, I, you know

448
00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:04,760
Speaker 2: what else I won't I don't know, set off have

449
00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:07,000
Speaker 2: already used the you know what else won't set off

450
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:10,399
Speaker 2: massive waves of uprisings pivot. I really didn't prepare good

451
00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:11,280
Speaker 2: enough pivots for this.

452
00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:15,160
Speaker 4: What weren't assassinated civil rights leader.

453
00:22:16,320 --> 00:22:21,080
Speaker 2: We can't promise that, We really cannot promise them. Now.

454
00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:23,960
Speaker 3: Companies would never do anything like that. That's what he

455
00:22:24,040 --> 00:22:25,280
Speaker 3: is talking about, Dave.

456
00:22:25,680 --> 00:22:27,880
Speaker 4: Certainly not the mail kit delivery Savice that we can't

457
00:22:27,960 --> 00:22:28,520
Speaker 4: mentioned by.

458
00:22:28,520 --> 00:22:43,160
Speaker 3: Name, all right, we are back. So all right, it is.

459
00:22:43,119 --> 00:22:46,960
Speaker 2: Now officially timed for Holy so on April fourth, nineteen

460
00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:50,960
Speaker 2: sixty eight, MLK is giving is you know, like he

461
00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:54,240
Speaker 2: is preparing to support a bunch of striking sanitation workers

462
00:22:54,280 --> 00:22:57,280
Speaker 2: and they fucking kill him. Who the they is is

463
00:22:57,359 --> 00:23:01,200
Speaker 2: kind of unclear. Mlka's family later sued the US government

464
00:23:01,359 --> 00:23:03,919
Speaker 2: to make the government prove that they didn't have they

465
00:23:03,920 --> 00:23:06,320
Speaker 2: weren't involved in the assassination. The government paid them one

466
00:23:06,359 --> 00:23:11,200
Speaker 2: dollar instead, So you know, make of that what you will.

467
00:23:11,240 --> 00:23:14,000
Speaker 2: But what did happen is that you know, he was

468
00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:19,040
Speaker 2: he was killed by white people. And this this detonates

469
00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:23,560
Speaker 2: a fucking nuclear weapon in the US, you know, reading accounts,

470
00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:28,000
Speaker 2: to me, it reminds me of the first week of

471
00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:29,959
Speaker 2: the George Floyd uprisings in twenty two And I want

472
00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:32,600
Speaker 2: people remember this. There's this picture of this guy in

473
00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:35,359
Speaker 2: Philly with an Almo like we wearing like an Elmo

474
00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:38,719
Speaker 2: like head, and he has his fist rays and he's

475
00:23:38,720 --> 00:23:40,080
Speaker 2: standing in front of a bunch of things of fire

476
00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:42,719
Speaker 2: like this. This is what this is what that looks like.

477
00:23:43,080 --> 00:23:44,399
Speaker 2: I'm going to read a quote from one of the

478
00:23:44,400 --> 00:23:46,919
Speaker 2: people who was people who was there. I mean I

479
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:48,960
Speaker 2: was sad when I first heard the news of King's death,

480
00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:51,639
Speaker 2: but not but not like the world around me. The

481
00:23:51,640 --> 00:23:53,879
Speaker 2: city was burning and I'm walking through the city and

482
00:23:53,880 --> 00:23:56,120
Speaker 2: the city is burning, and that's what we wanted.

483
00:23:56,520 --> 00:23:59,359
Speaker 3: This was our time. I mean, fire all around my house.

484
00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:01,280
Speaker 2: I mean my house almost got caught on fire when

485
00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:03,800
Speaker 2: I was living because Seventh Street, the whole block was burning,

486
00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:06,320
Speaker 2: and it was just we thought we were in a

487
00:24:06,359 --> 00:24:07,600
Speaker 2: war again.

488
00:24:07,760 --> 00:24:09,160
Speaker 3: Simple. Simple.

489
00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:11,679
Speaker 2: One of the interesting parts about this is that a

490
00:24:11,720 --> 00:24:14,040
Speaker 2: lot of civil rights leaders, and this is not just

491
00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:16,119
Speaker 2: true of like obviously the moderate civil rights leaders are

492
00:24:16,119 --> 00:24:18,320
Speaker 2: trying to tell people not to riot, but even like

493
00:24:18,359 --> 00:24:21,480
Speaker 2: Stokesly Carmichael like comes out to the crowd and tries

494
00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:24,800
Speaker 2: to go like, please don't like, don't riot, don't do this,

495
00:24:24,920 --> 00:24:25,600
Speaker 2: and the crowd.

496
00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:27,040
Speaker 3: Basically tells him to fuck off and does it.

497
00:24:27,040 --> 00:24:33,800
Speaker 2: Anyways, And the fact that they killed Mlka, who was

498
00:24:33,920 --> 00:24:36,879
Speaker 2: you know, Mlka was, I mean, like, even at that time,

499
00:24:37,080 --> 00:24:40,600
Speaker 2: like the sort of living human symbol of nonviolence, right,

500
00:24:40,720 --> 00:24:42,719
Speaker 2: but he was also the symbol of sort of cooperation,

501
00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:47,280
Speaker 2: of this belief that you know, you could you could

502
00:24:47,320 --> 00:24:49,800
Speaker 2: do sort of peaceful that you do, peaceful integration. This

503
00:24:49,840 --> 00:24:53,359
Speaker 2: is something that MLK is kind of like even he's

504
00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:56,679
Speaker 2: kind of getting cynical about by by sixty eight. But

505
00:24:57,080 --> 00:25:00,479
Speaker 2: the fact that they killed him, it it is, it

506
00:25:00,520 --> 00:25:04,800
Speaker 2: is a kind of psychological blow that I don't think

507
00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:10,479
Speaker 2: we've ever experienced. Like maybe maybe if you took like,

508
00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:14,840
Speaker 2: if you took like Trump's election, like at the same

509
00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:18,320
Speaker 2: time as a twenty twenty uprising, that like maybe maybe

510
00:25:18,440 --> 00:25:22,520
Speaker 2: kind of captures what people are feeling in this moment.

511
00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:25,960
Speaker 2: And I want to read another account. I want to

512
00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:28,400
Speaker 2: read an account that's it's it's it's sort of secondhand

513
00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:33,200
Speaker 2: account by this priest. It's like a Catholic priest in

514
00:25:33,560 --> 00:25:37,320
Speaker 2: a largely black area. This is from the Great Uprising.

515
00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:41,160
Speaker 2: Yet other observers saw the uprising as a clear protest

516
00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:45,280
Speaker 2: against the persistence of racial inequality. Father Richard Lawrence, an

517
00:25:45,320 --> 00:25:49,160
Speaker 2: activist priest whose Catholic parish served many blacks, recalled encountering

518
00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:51,280
Speaker 2: one of his parishioners on the street after the revolt

519
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:56,560
Speaker 2: had begun. Father, you don't understand. I know you've been

520
00:25:56,600 --> 00:25:58,480
Speaker 2: with the demonstrations and all that sort of thing, the

521
00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:01,719
Speaker 2: parishioner explained to Lawrence, But you were born white and

522
00:26:01,760 --> 00:26:04,560
Speaker 2: you can't really totally understand. I mean, I've done the

523
00:26:04,600 --> 00:26:06,840
Speaker 2: civil rights thing too, you know it. I've been there.

524
00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:08,800
Speaker 2: I've been to the marches, I've been to the rallies,

525
00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:14,040
Speaker 2: you name it. Nobody's listening. His parishioner continued, murdering doctor

526
00:26:14,119 --> 00:26:16,959
Speaker 2: King was just the last straw that nobody's listening. We

527
00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:19,080
Speaker 2: can go on demonstrating as long as we want, no

528
00:26:19,119 --> 00:26:23,040
Speaker 2: one will listen. I don't know what to try next,

529
00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:25,560
Speaker 2: but maybe blood flowing in the streets is what it takes.

530
00:26:26,040 --> 00:26:28,119
Speaker 2: Maybe some of his blood with some of my blood

531
00:26:28,119 --> 00:26:30,680
Speaker 2: flows in the streets, then maybe the man will listen.

532
00:26:31,119 --> 00:26:33,480
Speaker 2: Maybe not, but I've got nothing left to try. I

533
00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:35,680
Speaker 2: don't care if I got killed. I've got two kids

534
00:26:35,720 --> 00:26:37,040
Speaker 2: and I'm not going to have them come up in

535
00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:39,520
Speaker 2: the world. I came up up and I'm just not

536
00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:43,199
Speaker 2: going to have it. And this is I think a

537
00:26:43,240 --> 00:26:45,919
Speaker 2: really important part of these riots is that these are

538
00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:50,680
Speaker 2: people who had fought, who had fought for a decade

539
00:26:51,359 --> 00:26:52,800
Speaker 2: over it. I mean, there's this point, it's about a

540
00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:55,400
Speaker 2: decade and a half of struggle. They've done everything. They've

541
00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:58,159
Speaker 2: done strikes, they've done boycotts, they've done sit ins, they've voted,

542
00:26:58,200 --> 00:27:00,800
Speaker 2: they got the right to vote, right, they march, they

543
00:27:00,800 --> 00:27:04,840
Speaker 2: did civil disobedience, and you know the product of this

544
00:27:04,920 --> 00:27:06,800
Speaker 2: is that they're living in a dilapidated house with a

545
00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:12,560
Speaker 2: shitty job, and then they fucking killed MLK and the

546
00:27:12,600 --> 00:27:16,760
Speaker 2: country burns. The National Guard straight up is there are

547
00:27:16,760 --> 00:27:18,639
Speaker 2: there are there are like there are just straight up

548
00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:22,320
Speaker 2: military occupations in an enormous number of cities. DC is

549
00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:25,399
Speaker 2: occupied by like the five hundred and third Military Police Battalion,

550
00:27:25,440 --> 00:27:28,439
Speaker 2: the National Guard, and famously the eighty second Airborne. So

551
00:27:28,480 --> 00:27:32,080
Speaker 2: like the regular US army is being sent into to

552
00:27:32,480 --> 00:27:35,119
Speaker 2: like to like is being sent into these cities. The

553
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:37,920
Speaker 2: level of sort of burning here too. And this is

554
00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:40,280
Speaker 2: the thing that's I think kind of the most famous

555
00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:46,120
Speaker 2: part of these riots is they burn staggering parts of cities.

556
00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:49,800
Speaker 2: There are I mean, just like unbelievable numbers of buildings

557
00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:54,399
Speaker 2: are burned, and people people sort of people, people go

558
00:27:54,520 --> 00:27:57,960
Speaker 2: out to fight. People are people are shooting at the police,

559
00:27:58,000 --> 00:27:59,520
Speaker 2: the police are shooting back at them. I mean, there's

560
00:27:59,600 --> 00:28:01,280
Speaker 2: I wasn't to find the footage one of my friends

561
00:28:01,320 --> 00:28:05,000
Speaker 2: was telling me about, like there's there's footage from newspeople

562
00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:06,880
Speaker 2: in New York. I like a guy shooting out side

563
00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:09,479
Speaker 2: of a window, and they have footage of like a

564
00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:13,080
Speaker 2: police like swat team. Basically I think it's like still

565
00:28:13,119 --> 00:28:15,639
Speaker 2: pre swap, like a police like team coming in just

566
00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:20,080
Speaker 2: killing him. And you know, I mean Richard M. Daley

567
00:28:20,200 --> 00:28:23,959
Speaker 2: famously that has a who's the mayor of Chicago, has

568
00:28:23,960 --> 00:28:26,639
Speaker 2: a shoot to kill order. You know, his his words are,

569
00:28:26,720 --> 00:28:29,119
Speaker 2: quote shoot to kill any arsonists or anyone with a

570
00:28:29,160 --> 00:28:32,640
Speaker 2: Molotov cocktail, and quote shoot to cripple or maim anyone

571
00:28:32,680 --> 00:28:38,480
Speaker 2: looting any stores in our city. Jesus, It's really fucking bad.

572
00:28:38,560 --> 00:28:40,560
Speaker 2: And you know, this is something that's that's about about

573
00:28:40,560 --> 00:28:43,480
Speaker 2: these these riots, right Like, Okay, if if you look

574
00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:45,640
Speaker 2: at even the Watch riot, or if you look at

575
00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:47,880
Speaker 2: twenty twenty, if you look at like twenty fourteen, like

576
00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:51,080
Speaker 2: the Baltimore uprising in twenty fifteen, there are like people

577
00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:53,600
Speaker 2: having a good time. Like this is always the thing

578
00:28:53,600 --> 00:28:55,760
Speaker 2: in riots. There's always like someone who's like having a

579
00:28:55,800 --> 00:29:00,320
Speaker 2: great time. Fucking no one. I read like dozens and

580
00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:02,560
Speaker 2: and dozens of interviews of people from people from the

581
00:29:02,560 --> 00:29:05,680
Speaker 2: Holy Week up pressing every single person involved in this

582
00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:08,520
Speaker 2: is having the absolute worst time of their lives. That's

583
00:29:08,560 --> 00:29:13,320
Speaker 2: like on every single side, right that everyone is fucking miserable,

584
00:29:14,640 --> 00:29:17,040
Speaker 2: and you know, but but part part of what's happening

585
00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:19,600
Speaker 2: here too is these are these these uprisings are also

586
00:29:19,640 --> 00:29:21,840
Speaker 2: about Vietnam because you know, a lot of these people

587
00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:24,800
Speaker 2: either have been sent to Vietnam or like their families

588
00:29:24,840 --> 00:29:26,600
Speaker 2: have been sent to Vietnam. Black people are dying at

589
00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:30,840
Speaker 2: an unbelievable rate in Vietnam, and these people come back

590
00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:33,000
Speaker 2: and they're like, well, we're gonna fucking die anyway, So

591
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:35,720
Speaker 2: I rather die. I'd rather go out fighting the cops than,

592
00:29:36,440 --> 00:29:39,800
Speaker 2: you know, than than dying in Vietnam. And also, you

593
00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:41,719
Speaker 2: know what I've been talking a lot about kind of

594
00:29:41,760 --> 00:29:45,360
Speaker 2: like the stipers in the windows, but one of the

595
00:29:45,360 --> 00:29:48,280
Speaker 2: most common ways people get killed, well, okay, probably the

596
00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:50,160
Speaker 2: most common ways they get trapped into burning building, which

597
00:29:50,200 --> 00:29:52,280
Speaker 2: is terrible. But one of the other really common ways

598
00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:57,040
Speaker 2: is that these are these are gun fights. You know,

599
00:29:57,080 --> 00:29:59,040
Speaker 2: we kind of saw this in twenty twenty. There's a

600
00:29:59,080 --> 00:30:02,160
Speaker 2: bunch there are like white store owners are like popping

601
00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:05,400
Speaker 2: out of their businesses to take pot shots at a protesters,

602
00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:07,080
Speaker 2: and like they're they're you know, one of the people

603
00:30:07,080 --> 00:30:08,800
Speaker 2: that they interviewed was a guy who had been like

604
00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:11,800
Speaker 2: walking past a store and the guy had pulled out

605
00:30:11,800 --> 00:30:14,480
Speaker 2: a gun and shot him, and he had he had

606
00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:16,320
Speaker 2: managed shop, but the guy next to him got shopped,

607
00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:17,800
Speaker 2: so if he took out a molotov and like burned

608
00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:19,080
Speaker 2: the store down. And this is a lot of the

609
00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:21,840
Speaker 2: kind of dynamics of this, right are, Like it's not

610
00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:24,040
Speaker 2: just that people are furious. It's not just the people

611
00:30:24,080 --> 00:30:26,840
Speaker 2: sort of you know, like people want this world to burn.

612
00:30:27,720 --> 00:30:31,080
Speaker 2: It's that like they are very directly responding to the

613
00:30:31,120 --> 00:30:33,760
Speaker 2: fact that the like white people also fucking lose their

614
00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:37,320
Speaker 2: minds when this starts happening, and you you get this

615
00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:41,320
Speaker 2: degree of sort of of urban conflict that kind of

616
00:30:42,840 --> 00:30:48,600
Speaker 2: you know, we don't really have this now, no, he yeah,

617
00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:52,120
Speaker 2: Like like even even our riots are like largely nonviolent,

618
00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:55,959
Speaker 2: like people don't shoot it out with the cops or

619
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:59,560
Speaker 2: each other in the same way that like, you know,

620
00:30:59,600 --> 00:31:01,800
Speaker 2: like like it happens sometimes like this is happening fucking

621
00:31:01,840 --> 00:31:05,280
Speaker 2: all over the country. Like this is happening in like

622
00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:08,200
Speaker 2: like like you know, like like fucking small ass cities

623
00:31:08,240 --> 00:31:10,920
Speaker 2: in the Midwest. There are people getting in gunfights, right,

624
00:31:12,080 --> 00:31:14,120
Speaker 2: you know, And so eventually.

625
00:31:15,960 --> 00:31:16,360
Speaker 4: So okay.

626
00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:18,600
Speaker 2: So the other very important thing about this that is

627
00:31:18,640 --> 00:31:21,719
Speaker 2: that's really interesting and not marked upon very much is

628
00:31:21,760 --> 00:31:25,000
Speaker 2: that Okay, so like obviously the police in Chicago go

629
00:31:25,080 --> 00:31:32,040
Speaker 2: fucking feral, right, the National Guard commanders come in and

630
00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:36,280
Speaker 2: like the General of the National Guard goes, okay, you motherfuckers,

631
00:31:36,320 --> 00:31:38,200
Speaker 2: you're gonna kill someone. None of you are allowed to

632
00:31:38,200 --> 00:31:40,480
Speaker 2: have loaded weapons. You're allowed to have loaded weapons. And

633
00:31:40,560 --> 00:31:42,600
Speaker 2: I mean these guys, I'll say, like they have bayonets

634
00:31:43,400 --> 00:31:44,320
Speaker 2: on their rifles.

635
00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:47,040
Speaker 4: This used to be a thing, like they used bayonets

636
00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:49,600
Speaker 4: as a form of like like a less special weapon.

637
00:31:50,080 --> 00:31:52,640
Speaker 2: They just fucking stab you with a beta and know

638
00:31:52,640 --> 00:31:55,640
Speaker 2: they their baynatural order to be covered. And because of this,

639
00:31:55,640 --> 00:31:57,480
Speaker 2: the Guard doesn't actually kill anyone tan this dream the

640
00:31:57,480 --> 00:31:59,600
Speaker 2: sixty eight rides, unlike the sixty seven rides where they

641
00:31:59,600 --> 00:32:02,280
Speaker 2: fucking were a bunch of people. And this was a

642
00:32:02,280 --> 00:32:06,280
Speaker 2: really smart decision by the National Guard people because if

643
00:32:06,320 --> 00:32:10,840
Speaker 2: they had started actually shooting into these crowds like this

644
00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:14,160
Speaker 2: wouldn't have been one week of really intense rioting that

645
00:32:14,240 --> 00:32:16,480
Speaker 2: ends with the civil rights sack, which we'll talk about, well,

646
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:17,920
Speaker 2: it doesn't end with the civil right sack, but like,

647
00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:20,760
Speaker 2: you know, it could have sort of gets that this

648
00:32:20,800 --> 00:32:25,280
Speaker 2: would have been like apocalyptic on a scale that I

649
00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:29,080
Speaker 2: don't think anyone kind of like has the capacity to imagine.

650
00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:33,840
Speaker 2: But instead they kind of, you know, there's really intense riots,

651
00:32:33,840 --> 00:32:36,840
Speaker 2: they kind of they kind of wind.

652
00:32:36,560 --> 00:32:39,000
Speaker 3: Down over the course of a couple of months.

653
00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:41,720
Speaker 2: And like they kind of they wind down faster in

654
00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:43,200
Speaker 2: a lot of ways than twenty twenty did.

655
00:32:45,280 --> 00:32:48,440
Speaker 3: But on the other hand, that is not the end

656
00:32:48,480 --> 00:32:49,240
Speaker 3: of these riots.

657
00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:50,720
Speaker 2: And the thing I want to close this episode on

658
00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:53,160
Speaker 2: while we're going to talk about I feel okay, let's

659
00:32:53,160 --> 00:32:54,800
Speaker 2: talk about the Civil Rights Ack first, because it is

660
00:32:54,840 --> 00:32:59,400
Speaker 2: a very very weird piece of legislation. So, like five

661
00:32:59,520 --> 00:33:04,240
Speaker 2: days in now seven a weekend to the riots, Congress

662
00:33:04,240 --> 00:33:08,520
Speaker 2: passes the Civil Rights Act of nineteen sixty eight. And

663
00:33:08,640 --> 00:33:12,440
Speaker 2: this is a very very weird piece of legislation. I mean,

664
00:33:12,480 --> 00:33:15,360
Speaker 2: it's obviously this is something that's been like frantically like

665
00:33:16,040 --> 00:33:19,479
Speaker 2: scrambled out because like this, you know, the like there

666
00:33:19,520 --> 00:33:23,480
Speaker 2: are just straight up armed uprisings in a huge portion

667
00:33:23,520 --> 00:33:25,960
Speaker 2: of the United States, and Congress's responses, so they passed

668
00:33:25,960 --> 00:33:28,520
Speaker 2: the Fair Housing Act. That's like that's probably the most

669
00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:29,640
Speaker 2: famous part of this bill.

670
00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:34,520
Speaker 3: It is very I mean it it has done.

671
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:37,160
Speaker 2: It's not like a perfect piece of legislation, but it

672
00:33:37,160 --> 00:33:39,040
Speaker 2: has done a staggering amount of good, right, and it

673
00:33:39,120 --> 00:33:43,400
Speaker 2: is in some sense a direct answer to the protesters demands, right,

674
00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:48,280
Speaker 2: like it does improve discrimination of sort of housing. But

675
00:33:48,560 --> 00:33:51,320
Speaker 2: it's also okay, there's a bunch of stuff about the

676
00:33:51,360 --> 00:33:55,720
Speaker 2: Bill of Rights applying to Indigenous people that is good,

677
00:33:55,760 --> 00:33:58,200
Speaker 2: but we'll cover that. I don't know, maybe if we

678
00:33:58,240 --> 00:34:00,840
Speaker 2: do an aim occupation episode about that more later.

679
00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:01,880
Speaker 3: That's kind of.

680
00:34:02,440 --> 00:34:04,680
Speaker 2: Outside the scope of this one. But the other part

681
00:34:04,680 --> 00:34:10,000
Speaker 2: of it is this absolutely deranged like conspiracy thing about

682
00:34:11,400 --> 00:34:14,560
Speaker 2: like because like the so the line you know the

683
00:34:14,600 --> 00:34:16,759
Speaker 2: line here as it wasn't twenty twenty. So this is

684
00:34:16,760 --> 00:34:19,680
Speaker 2: all being caused by outside agitators. So part of this

685
00:34:19,760 --> 00:34:22,680
Speaker 2: thing is what's known as the Riot Act, which is

686
00:34:24,320 --> 00:34:28,160
Speaker 2: it bans like quote travel and interstate commerce with the

687
00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:31,480
Speaker 2: intent to incite, promote, engage, to participate in or carry

688
00:34:31,480 --> 00:34:34,600
Speaker 2: out a riot. It's not used very much, but this

689
00:34:34,680 --> 00:34:40,240
Speaker 2: is like straight up a conspiracy theory. Right, So it's

690
00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:42,840
Speaker 2: a conspiracy theory about what happened in the nineteen sixty

691
00:34:42,840 --> 00:34:46,759
Speaker 2: seven uprising in Cambridge. So like that that uprising, Like

692
00:34:46,800 --> 00:34:49,239
Speaker 2: that's the thing that produced Spireau Agnew, who was like

693
00:34:50,400 --> 00:34:53,680
Speaker 2: Nixon's deranged VP, who Nixon picked to be so deranged

694
00:34:53,680 --> 00:34:55,920
Speaker 2: that no one would assassinate him becausessassinating him will put

695
00:34:55,960 --> 00:34:59,919
Speaker 2: spuiau Agnue in charge, like Agnew had been like a limp,

696
00:35:00,239 --> 00:35:03,040
Speaker 2: like he'd been a liberal Republican. But then there were

697
00:35:03,040 --> 00:35:05,919
Speaker 2: these riots in Cambridge sixty eight in sixty seven, and

698
00:35:06,040 --> 00:35:08,160
Speaker 2: the narrative that comes out of it is what happened

699
00:35:08,200 --> 00:35:11,480
Speaker 2: was a black power leader named h. H Rat Brown

700
00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:13,160
Speaker 2: came in and gave a speech and then there was

701
00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:14,920
Speaker 2: like riots, right, and this is this is the standard

702
00:35:14,920 --> 00:35:18,680
Speaker 2: line for like seventy years. What actually happened was that

703
00:35:18,840 --> 00:35:21,640
Speaker 2: he gave you know, Rap gives it Rep Brown age.

704
00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:23,480
Speaker 2: Rep Brown gives a very militant speech, right, Like he

705
00:35:23,840 --> 00:35:26,120
Speaker 2: does give a speech telling people to burn a school down,

706
00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:27,920
Speaker 2: like he's saying you need to like five people. But

707
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:31,600
Speaker 2: then everyone just goes home, as h Rap Brown is is,

708
00:35:31,680 --> 00:35:35,120
Speaker 2: you know, they're like dispersing this young woman asked to

709
00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:36,880
Speaker 2: be escort at home just and get beat up by

710
00:35:36,920 --> 00:35:39,680
Speaker 2: the police, and so Hrap Brown thirty people are like okay,

711
00:35:39,719 --> 00:35:42,120
Speaker 2: and so they try to go home and the police

712
00:35:42,120 --> 00:35:43,840
Speaker 2: walk up to them and start shooting them with shotguns.

713
00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:46,560
Speaker 3: H Rap, Brown gets hit by a sucking drackgun blast

714
00:35:46,640 --> 00:35:48,560
Speaker 3: and that that is the book.

715
00:35:48,600 --> 00:35:52,640
Speaker 2: It was after that that the rioting started, right, So, yeah,

716
00:35:52,680 --> 00:35:53,640
Speaker 2: so that's what actually happened.

717
00:35:53,640 --> 00:35:55,680
Speaker 3: But but the memory of it is that it was like, oh,

718
00:35:55,719 --> 00:35:56,560
Speaker 3: like these these like these.

719
00:35:56,480 --> 00:35:59,080
Speaker 2: Black nationalists came in and they started this riot, and

720
00:35:59,120 --> 00:36:02,120
Speaker 2: like this literal is now law in the US, and

721
00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:03,759
Speaker 2: this is this is very famously. At the end of

722
00:36:03,760 --> 00:36:05,480
Speaker 2: this episode, we're going to talk about who this was

723
00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:08,680
Speaker 2: used against. But before wanting to do that, I need

724
00:36:08,719 --> 00:36:10,560
Speaker 2: to make it clear that these riots don't end in

725
00:36:10,600 --> 00:36:14,000
Speaker 2: sixty eight, right, And in fact, I think the one

726
00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:18,120
Speaker 2: that is the most intensive these is York in New

727
00:36:18,160 --> 00:36:19,960
Speaker 2: York or Pennsylvania, which I promise you the beginning of

728
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:22,880
Speaker 2: this episode we were going to do, and that is

729
00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:26,799
Speaker 2: in nineteen sixty nine. Because again, like the conditions that

730
00:36:26,840 --> 00:36:30,400
Speaker 2: cause these erb and uprisings like haven't changed. So you know,

731
00:36:30,680 --> 00:36:33,920
Speaker 2: like the the immediate flames of sort of like of

732
00:36:33,920 --> 00:36:36,080
Speaker 2: the Holy Week uprising, like of this rebellion by MLK

733
00:36:36,239 --> 00:36:39,040
Speaker 2: sort of you know eventually trickle out, but there's just

734
00:36:39,040 --> 00:36:39,880
Speaker 2: more of them.

735
00:36:40,400 --> 00:36:42,879
Speaker 3: So this this is another one one of.

736
00:36:42,800 --> 00:36:44,480
Speaker 2: The things you come across when you research this is

737
00:36:44,480 --> 00:36:48,800
Speaker 2: that like every single the conventional like accepted public narrative,

738
00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:52,200
Speaker 2: but why these started, they're all wrong this one. So

739
00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:55,520
Speaker 2: it's generally attributed to this black kid lying but being

740
00:36:55,560 --> 00:36:57,840
Speaker 2: set on fire and like that did happen, but this

741
00:36:57,960 --> 00:37:01,600
Speaker 2: kid's like fourteen, right, But what actually happened was that

742
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:03,800
Speaker 2: there were two black guys talking to a black police officer,

743
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:07,560
Speaker 2: and two members of this like white power white supremacist

744
00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:11,000
Speaker 2: street gang like walked up and shot them both. And

745
00:37:11,360 --> 00:37:16,480
Speaker 2: this kicks off a series of shootings, brickings, and fistfights

746
00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:18,319
Speaker 2: between black and white people like all over the city.

747
00:37:18,320 --> 00:37:21,160
Speaker 2: And this is a kind of this is also the

748
00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:22,840
Speaker 2: other kind of right in this period, and like we

749
00:37:22,840 --> 00:37:27,160
Speaker 2: don't really have this anymore like there, but you know

750
00:37:27,200 --> 00:37:30,960
Speaker 2: there are places where just effectively straight up race wars start. Well,

751
00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:32,440
Speaker 2: you know one of the things happens here, This happens

752
00:37:32,480 --> 00:37:34,520
Speaker 2: in a lot of cities. They'll just be like a

753
00:37:34,560 --> 00:37:37,320
Speaker 2: bunch of white people in a van driving around shooting

754
00:37:37,360 --> 00:37:40,840
Speaker 2: at people out their windows, and we sort you know,

755
00:37:40,880 --> 00:37:42,960
Speaker 2: the like this happened in Portland, right, but it was

756
00:37:42,960 --> 00:37:44,880
Speaker 2: like they were shooting paintballs. These guys are just shooting

757
00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:48,359
Speaker 2: actual guns, like out their windows any black people they

758
00:37:48,360 --> 00:37:52,279
Speaker 2: see on the street. Right, There's there's a crowd of

759
00:37:52,280 --> 00:37:55,200
Speaker 2: like eventually like protest start like this, this crowd of

760
00:37:55,200 --> 00:37:58,719
Speaker 2: like pretty well armed black people and this, uh and

761
00:37:58,719 --> 00:38:00,680
Speaker 2: and and like a line of cops are facing each other,

762
00:38:01,640 --> 00:38:04,480
Speaker 2: and you know this is one of these There's two

763
00:38:04,480 --> 00:38:06,080
Speaker 2: sides to the story. The cops claim that the crowd

764
00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:08,360
Speaker 2: just started shooting at them, Like everyone in the crowd

765
00:38:08,520 --> 00:38:10,600
Speaker 2: claims that the cops shot at them first and they

766
00:38:10,600 --> 00:38:13,040
Speaker 2: started shooting back. And so there's just this fucking shootout

767
00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:15,560
Speaker 2: between the cops and this this giant crowd. There are

768
00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:18,319
Speaker 2: like there are reports of cops like just set up

769
00:38:18,320 --> 00:38:20,600
Speaker 2: on the rooftop of a factory just shooting everyone they

770
00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:25,040
Speaker 2: can find, like white gangs or firebombing black houses. One

771
00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:27,960
Speaker 2: of the I don't know, like and it's that like

772
00:38:28,000 --> 00:38:30,359
Speaker 2: should be infamous, but like I've never fucking seen talked

773
00:38:30,360 --> 00:38:34,880
Speaker 2: about anywhere is a fucking police armored truck. There's a

774
00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:36,600
Speaker 2: bunch people who have come out to their lawn to

775
00:38:36,640 --> 00:38:38,080
Speaker 2: figure out what the fuck is going on, and the

776
00:38:38,120 --> 00:38:40,719
Speaker 2: police armored truck rolls up and just start shooting them,

777
00:38:41,280 --> 00:38:46,359
Speaker 2: and so, you know, people and people start shooting back,

778
00:38:46,360 --> 00:38:47,480
Speaker 2: and there's a bunch.

779
00:38:47,239 --> 00:38:48,040
Speaker 3: Of like like people.

780
00:38:48,080 --> 00:38:51,560
Speaker 2: People eventually get sort of tried for this, and one

781
00:38:51,600 --> 00:38:53,000
Speaker 2: of the you know, one of the things people talk

782
00:38:53,040 --> 00:38:55,000
Speaker 2: about it is like, yeah, there's like twenty guys in

783
00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:57,520
Speaker 2: their houses like having a shootout with this armored car

784
00:38:57,560 --> 00:38:59,920
Speaker 2: because the armored car is just fucking started murdering everyone.

785
00:39:01,080 --> 00:39:02,080
Speaker 3: And you know, the sort of.

786
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:04,360
Speaker 2: Remarkable thing about this, I mean, one of the markable

787
00:39:04,400 --> 00:39:07,280
Speaker 2: things about this is that literally the day before this happens,

788
00:39:07,719 --> 00:39:10,200
Speaker 2: all of these cops had been at a police training

789
00:39:10,200 --> 00:39:12,760
Speaker 2: seminar about the best way to respond to civil unrest.

790
00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:18,439
Speaker 2: Amazing and the police seminar and they're like, correctly, because

791
00:39:18,440 --> 00:39:20,399
Speaker 2: this is actually, if you are the police, the best

792
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:22,040
Speaker 2: way to handle one of these sort of uprisings.

793
00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:24,520
Speaker 3: You know, they're told, they're told to no one certain terms.

794
00:39:24,520 --> 00:39:26,960
Speaker 3: The best way to do this is do not confront

795
00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:31,800
Speaker 3: the crowd, do not shoot at the crowd, like you know, okay,

796
00:39:31,840 --> 00:39:34,480
Speaker 3: like do like containment, but don't go don't like walk

797
00:39:34,560 --> 00:39:36,319
Speaker 3: up and fight them because that will make people fight

798
00:39:36,360 --> 00:39:39,680
Speaker 3: them back. And then literally the next day they are

799
00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:43,120
Speaker 3: having running shootouts with like the entire black population of

800
00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:45,799
Speaker 3: this town. And you know, like York is a place

801
00:39:45,840 --> 00:39:47,640
Speaker 3: that has had civil rights stupment stuff before this, it's

802
00:39:47,680 --> 00:39:50,040
Speaker 3: also has you know again like it has just literal

803
00:39:50,160 --> 00:39:53,120
Speaker 3: white power, like street gangs who the police are in.

804
00:39:53,160 --> 00:39:55,160
Speaker 3: I mean, the police literally just call them the boys

805
00:39:56,280 --> 00:39:58,319
Speaker 3: like that. That's how, that's how, that's how tight these

806
00:39:58,360 --> 00:39:58,799
Speaker 3: people are.

807
00:39:58,920 --> 00:40:01,680
Speaker 2: Right. But and this is the thing, you know, one

808
00:40:01,680 --> 00:40:03,200
Speaker 2: of the notes I want to close on is that,

809
00:40:03,280 --> 00:40:06,680
Speaker 2: like a lot of the focus and I get why

810
00:40:06,680 --> 00:40:08,400
Speaker 2: people focus, there's a lot of the focus from sort

811
00:40:08,440 --> 00:40:11,960
Speaker 2: of radical accounts of this period is about, you know,

812
00:40:11,960 --> 00:40:14,880
Speaker 2: because these riots, these uprisings like these are this is

813
00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:17,040
Speaker 2: the crucible in which short of black power is forged

814
00:40:17,120 --> 00:40:19,719
Speaker 2: in And so there's a lot of attention paid to

815
00:40:19,800 --> 00:40:21,600
Speaker 2: sort of like black power, like people who are going

816
00:40:21,640 --> 00:40:25,080
Speaker 2: to become black power leaders and people influenced by these

817
00:40:25,120 --> 00:40:29,520
Speaker 2: movements like doing arm self defense. And that is true

818
00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:34,360
Speaker 2: and that is important, but also just regular ass people

819
00:40:34,520 --> 00:40:38,720
Speaker 2: are also doing this, right, Like the guys, the twenty

820
00:40:38,800 --> 00:40:41,560
Speaker 2: guys who are having a shootout with the police armored vehicle,

821
00:40:42,280 --> 00:40:45,600
Speaker 2: they are just like some of them are Vietnam vets,

822
00:40:45,600 --> 00:40:49,239
Speaker 2: but like they're just they're they're just regular people who

823
00:40:49,239 --> 00:40:52,160
Speaker 2: saw the police fucking roll up like into like roll

824
00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:54,759
Speaker 2: up on a fucking house and start shooting people. There

825
00:40:54,840 --> 00:40:58,960
Speaker 2: is a sense in you know, in this period that

826
00:41:00,120 --> 00:41:02,520
Speaker 2: the thing that guns are for are to protect you

827
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:07,120
Speaker 2: from the government, right, and people actually believe this, like JFK,

828
00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:11,239
Speaker 2: you know, want to There's a really good article in

829
00:41:11,239 --> 00:41:13,719
Speaker 2: Strange Matters called The Double Kind of Resergency that's about this,

830
00:41:13,840 --> 00:41:16,399
Speaker 2: that talks about how JFK literally gives a speech where

831
00:41:16,400 --> 00:41:18,719
Speaker 2: he talks about, like again, who is a liberal gives

832
00:41:18,719 --> 00:41:20,480
Speaker 2: a speech about how like, yeah, we need guns to

833
00:41:20,480 --> 00:41:24,719
Speaker 2: defend itself against the tiarity of the government, and yeah, like,

834
00:41:24,760 --> 00:41:27,240
Speaker 2: if you are a black person in York in nineteen

835
00:41:27,280 --> 00:41:29,839
Speaker 2: sixty nine and you are watching the police from an

836
00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:34,080
Speaker 2: armored vehicle shooting people on their front lawn, the response

837
00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:36,960
Speaker 2: people had was, Okay, we're gonna die here or we're

838
00:41:36,960 --> 00:41:38,839
Speaker 2: gonna die in Vietnam, And so I'm gonna I am

839
00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:43,680
Speaker 2: choosing to die here fighting the cops. And that's I

840
00:41:43,719 --> 00:41:48,080
Speaker 2: think that's important. I think because a lot of you know,

841
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:50,120
Speaker 2: a lot of what we're going to talk about next right,

842
00:41:50,160 --> 00:41:55,680
Speaker 2: are these student radicals And everyone now looks at these

843
00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,520
Speaker 2: student radicals and goes, these people were insane. These people

844
00:41:58,520 --> 00:42:01,239
Speaker 2: were stupid. These people didn't understand what was happening. There

845
00:42:01,239 --> 00:42:02,840
Speaker 2: was no way a revolution was ever.

846
00:42:02,680 --> 00:42:03,360
Speaker 3: Going to happen.

847
00:42:05,360 --> 00:42:08,719
Speaker 2: And they're wrong. Those people are fucking wrong. What these

848
00:42:08,760 --> 00:42:12,759
Speaker 2: people were watching, right, They were watching this. They were

849
00:42:12,800 --> 00:42:17,080
Speaker 2: watching hundreds of cities going into open revolt. They were

850
00:42:17,120 --> 00:42:19,359
Speaker 2: watching people having shootouts with the cops. They were watching

851
00:42:19,360 --> 00:42:21,839
Speaker 2: and people people tended not to shoot the national guard

852
00:42:21,840 --> 00:42:24,040
Speaker 2: because people had enough military experience to realize that if

853
00:42:24,080 --> 00:42:26,120
Speaker 2: you try to shoot the national Guard, you're not gonna

854
00:42:26,120 --> 00:42:28,480
Speaker 2: win because they have machine guns and stuff. But people

855
00:42:28,520 --> 00:42:30,440
Speaker 2: did it still right there, there are still numbers of

856
00:42:30,480 --> 00:42:34,799
Speaker 2: this that they are watching. They're watching armed up risings

857
00:42:34,840 --> 00:42:37,799
Speaker 2: in basically every every major in mind, not even major,

858
00:42:37,840 --> 00:42:41,640
Speaker 2: every like minor American city has one of these. And

859
00:42:41,920 --> 00:42:45,520
Speaker 2: these people assume that this is the revolution and that

860
00:42:45,719 --> 00:42:47,240
Speaker 2: you know, like that this is this is the opening

861
00:42:47,239 --> 00:42:49,600
Speaker 2: stage of the revolution, that it's coming, and they weren't.

862
00:42:50,160 --> 00:42:53,800
Speaker 2: They weren't wrong to think that, like it didn't happen.

863
00:42:55,320 --> 00:42:57,920
Speaker 2: But it's not that these people, like, you know, it's

864
00:42:57,960 --> 00:43:00,520
Speaker 2: not that these people were sort of naive or foolish.

865
00:43:00,560 --> 00:43:04,319
Speaker 2: It was they had the same rational reaction to what

866
00:43:04,360 --> 00:43:07,439
Speaker 2: they were seeing that the f behind the Knickson administration did.

867
00:43:09,719 --> 00:43:11,200
Speaker 2: And I think that's the place I'm going to close.

868
00:43:11,200 --> 00:43:12,759
Speaker 2: So I think the next one of these episodes is

869
00:43:12,800 --> 00:43:15,960
Speaker 2: going to be about the Columbia student occupations. But the

870
00:43:16,000 --> 00:43:19,680
Speaker 2: one after that, well I might do basical standing there.

871
00:43:19,680 --> 00:43:21,320
Speaker 2: But we are eventually going to get to the DNC

872
00:43:21,840 --> 00:43:25,359
Speaker 2: all part. And I promised you the a thing about

873
00:43:25,360 --> 00:43:27,840
Speaker 2: the people who are charged under the Riot Act. Yeah,

874
00:43:27,880 --> 00:43:29,600
Speaker 2: So the people who are going to the most videos,

875
00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:31,319
Speaker 2: people who are going to be charged with this like

876
00:43:31,360 --> 00:43:35,440
Speaker 2: interstate riot shit are the Chicago seven seven people arrested

877
00:43:35,480 --> 00:43:39,640
Speaker 2: at the Democratic National Convention. So when we come back

878
00:43:39,840 --> 00:43:42,840
Speaker 2: in however long it takes to do the rest of

879
00:43:42,880 --> 00:43:43,520
Speaker 2: the ninety six d A.

880
00:43:43,600 --> 00:43:44,520
Speaker 3: Sophoni do before we.

881
00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:47,760
Speaker 2: Get to that, we will come back to this Civil

882
00:43:47,800 --> 00:43:51,360
Speaker 2: Rights Act fucking over a bunch of people's lives.

883
00:43:51,800 --> 00:43:52,880
Speaker 4: I want to look quote to that.

884
00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:00,960
Speaker 1: It could happen year as a production of cool Zone Media.

885
00:44:01,239 --> 00:44:03,920
Speaker 1: For more podcasts from cool Zone Media, visit our website

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00:44:03,920 --> 00:44:07,040
Speaker 1: coolzonemedia dot com, or check us out on the iHeartRadio, app,

887
00:44:07,080 --> 00:44:10,279
Speaker 1: Apple podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts, you can

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00:44:10,280 --> 00:44:13,000
Speaker 1: find sources for It could happen here, Updated monthly at

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00:44:13,000 --> 00:44:16,240
Speaker 1: coolzonemedia dot com, slash sources. Thanks for listening.