1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,920 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,440 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hi. Everyone, Welcome to This Day in History Class, 3 00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:14,200 Speaker 1: where we uncover the remnants of history every day. Today 4 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:29,480 Speaker 1: is June m the day was June. Mark te Zuma 5 00:00:29,560 --> 00:00:35,080 Speaker 1: the Second, the ninth Aztec emperor of Mexico, died. Alternatively, 6 00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:37,720 Speaker 1: the date of his death has also been given as 7 00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:43,159 Speaker 1: June June or July one. He may have died from 8 00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:45,839 Speaker 1: the wounds inflicted on him by a group of Aztecs 9 00:00:45,880 --> 00:00:48,960 Speaker 1: angry at his submission to the Spaniards, or he may 10 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:53,520 Speaker 1: have been killed by Spaniards. Markte Zuma the Second, also 11 00:00:53,640 --> 00:00:58,240 Speaker 1: known as made Kustoma Shokosen, was born sometime around fourteen 12 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:01,160 Speaker 1: sixty six Inte not t law On, the capital of 13 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:06,800 Speaker 1: the Aztec Empire then was located where Mexico City is today. 14 00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:11,920 Speaker 1: When Markazuma was young, his father became Slatawani or Emperor 15 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:16,640 Speaker 1: of te note Tlon, succeeding Martezuma the First. There was 16 00:01:16,760 --> 00:01:20,240 Speaker 1: more than one Tlatowani and the Aztec Empire, but the 17 00:01:20,319 --> 00:01:24,200 Speaker 1: Tlatawani of teln was the top ruler and the supreme 18 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:28,800 Speaker 1: leader of the Aztec people. Growing up, Markazuma the Second 19 00:01:28,959 --> 00:01:33,080 Speaker 1: was well educated in religion, science, and art, and he 20 00:01:33,160 --> 00:01:35,920 Speaker 1: went to the Calmacaque, which was a temple school where 21 00:01:35,920 --> 00:01:40,120 Speaker 1: he studied religious texts and songs of the gods. When 22 00:01:40,120 --> 00:01:43,759 Speaker 1: Martezuma's father died, one of his uncle's de silk Seen, 23 00:01:44,040 --> 00:01:50,520 Speaker 1: took the throne. Another of Marka Zuma's uncle's Auisel succeeded him. 24 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:53,720 Speaker 1: At this point, Markazuma was serving as a general under 25 00:01:53,720 --> 00:01:57,800 Speaker 1: the emperor. Markazuma went on military campaigns and learned to 26 00:01:57,840 --> 00:02:02,240 Speaker 1: be an effective military leader. When the emperor died, makte 27 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:05,560 Speaker 1: Zuma took his place and became ruler of the enormous 28 00:02:05,600 --> 00:02:10,160 Speaker 1: Aztec Empire in fifteen o two. Under markte Zuma's reign, 29 00:02:10,480 --> 00:02:14,360 Speaker 1: the Aztec Empire grew to its largest size, but his 30 00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:18,240 Speaker 1: rule created political and social strife in the Aztec Empire. 31 00:02:19,320 --> 00:02:22,720 Speaker 1: Maka Zuma was devoted to his religion and he ruled 32 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:27,600 Speaker 1: from a fatalistic perspective. He upped the tributes required from 33 00:02:27,639 --> 00:02:32,080 Speaker 1: conquered tribes and demanded more victims for religious sacrifices. He 34 00:02:32,240 --> 00:02:36,360 Speaker 1: also banned commoners from working in royal palaces and taxed 35 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:41,480 Speaker 1: people heavily, which stoked resentment. But in fifteen nineteen Adnan 36 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:45,120 Speaker 1: Cortes and hundreds of other Spanish invaders arrived at the 37 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:49,440 Speaker 1: Gulf coast of Mexico with plans of exploitation and conquest. 38 00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:53,600 Speaker 1: As they traveled inland, they made friends with people that 39 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:57,440 Speaker 1: were hostile to the Aztecs, such as the tax Calons, 40 00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:01,640 Speaker 1: an indigenous group in the region. Marte Zuma sent people 41 00:03:01,720 --> 00:03:06,000 Speaker 1: out to meet Cortes and assess his intentions. Cortez asserted 42 00:03:06,120 --> 00:03:09,680 Speaker 1: he came in friendship, and by November the Spanish made 43 00:03:09,680 --> 00:03:13,560 Speaker 1: it to take no tlon. Marte Zuma welcomed them, gave 44 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:17,080 Speaker 1: them gifts, and hosted them in his palace, but soon 45 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:22,280 Speaker 1: tensions between the Spaniards and Aztecs grew. Cortez took marte 46 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:25,880 Speaker 1: Zuma prisoner, hoping that the Aztecs would refrain from attacking 47 00:03:25,919 --> 00:03:29,880 Speaker 1: if he captured their ruler. Marte Zuma continued to rule 48 00:03:29,919 --> 00:03:33,360 Speaker 1: while being held prisoner. Cortez went to the coast to 49 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:37,240 Speaker 1: fight another Spanish army led by Bonfilo de Nato Bias, 50 00:03:37,480 --> 00:03:41,120 Speaker 1: that had arrived on the coast of Mexico, but after 51 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:45,080 Speaker 1: an Aztec celebration ended in the massacre of indigenous people 52 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:50,160 Speaker 1: by Spaniards, battles began in the capital. Cortes returned to 53 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:53,880 Speaker 1: take No Tlon with reinforcements from Nard Bias, defeated army, 54 00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:57,440 Speaker 1: but he realized that the Spanish and Aztecs had lost 55 00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:00,880 Speaker 1: control over the city. My te Zuma of the Second 56 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:06,720 Speaker 1: died on or around June. Exactly how he died is unclear. 57 00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:11,040 Speaker 1: There are differing accounts of his death from European and 58 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:15,560 Speaker 1: indigenous people. Cortes told marte Zuma to issue an order 59 00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:19,120 Speaker 1: to the tay Note Tlon people to stop attacking the Spaniards. 60 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:23,080 Speaker 1: Spanish accounts said that a mob of Aztecs threw stones 61 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:26,240 Speaker 1: and arrows at marte Zuma after he enjoined them to 62 00:04:26,240 --> 00:04:29,640 Speaker 1: stop fighting the Europeans as they had lost respect for 63 00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:32,880 Speaker 1: the ruler for submitting to the Spaniards. He did not 64 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:36,240 Speaker 1: eat or get medical treatment, and he died of his 65 00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:41,039 Speaker 1: wounds days later. Indigenous accounts, on the other hand, claimed 66 00:04:41,080 --> 00:04:46,279 Speaker 1: that Spaniards stabbed markte Zuma. Markte Zuma's brother, quit Lawak, 67 00:04:46,480 --> 00:04:50,120 Speaker 1: succeeded Marte Zuma as leader of the Aztec Empire, though 68 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:53,200 Speaker 1: he soon died of smallpox that the Europeans had brought. 69 00:04:54,279 --> 00:04:57,720 Speaker 1: He was succeeded by kat Mak, the last Aztec emperor. 70 00:04:58,920 --> 00:05:02,560 Speaker 1: Views of Marte Zumas legacy differ. Some accounts have portrayed 71 00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:05,760 Speaker 1: mate Zuma the second as a superstitious and weak leader 72 00:05:06,040 --> 00:05:09,160 Speaker 1: who buckled to the Spanish invaders and gave away his empire, 73 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:13,039 Speaker 1: and some indigenous people saw him as a trader who 74 00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:17,720 Speaker 1: colluded with the Spaniards against them. Still, others recognized him 75 00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:21,559 Speaker 1: as a competent and noble leader. There is no clear 76 00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:24,680 Speaker 1: picture of his personality, and there are conflicting accounts of 77 00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:27,960 Speaker 1: his rule. I'm Eve Jeff Coo and hopefully you know 78 00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:30,840 Speaker 1: a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 79 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:35,640 Speaker 1: You can find us on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at 80 00:05:35,760 --> 00:05:41,159 Speaker 1: t d I h C podcast and if you haven't 81 00:05:41,240 --> 00:05:44,000 Speaker 1: yet listened to a new podcast that I host called Unpopular, 82 00:05:44,480 --> 00:05:47,960 Speaker 1: you can get it anywhere you get your podcasts. Thanks 83 00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:58,400 Speaker 1: again for listening and we'll see you tomorrow for more 84 00:05:58,440 --> 00:06:00,960 Speaker 1: podcasts for my Heart Radio, the i heeart radio app, 85 00:06:01,040 --> 00:06:03,640 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.