WEBVTT - S03 Episode 12 Extra: This New Puritan

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Unexplained Extra with Me Richard McClane Smith, where

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<v Speaker 1>for the weeks in between episodes we look at the

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<v Speaker 1>stories that, for one reason or other, didn't make it

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<v Speaker 1>into the show. In the last episode, The Square, we

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<v Speaker 1>stepped into the dimly lit streets and alleyways of London's

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<v Speaker 1>Whitechapel District, bearing witness to a horrifically brutal and misogynistic

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<v Speaker 1>series of murders. The killer of Martha Tabroam, Polly Nichols,

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<v Speaker 1>Catherine Edoes, Elizabeth Stride, Annie Chapman, and Mary Jane Kelly,

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<v Speaker 1>and perhaps others was never caught. Some have even speculated

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<v Speaker 1>that there was more than one perpetrator. All, however, will

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<v Speaker 1>forever be associated with the name Jack the Ripper. It

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<v Speaker 1>is only too common that perpetrators of such acts achieve

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<v Speaker 1>a certain level of notoriety, indirectly proportional to the memory

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<v Speaker 1>of their victims. This has perhaps never been more the

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<v Speaker 1>case than with the figure known as Jack the Ripper,

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<v Speaker 1>a situation or the more ironic, since in truth, no

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<v Speaker 1>such person ever existed. There is a course, no doubt

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<v Speaker 1>that the crimes were committed. Jack the Ripper, however, is

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<v Speaker 1>merely a pseudonym at best, with some believing it to

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<v Speaker 1>have in fact been entirely fabricated by Central News Agency

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<v Speaker 1>journalist Thomas Bulling. Whether true or not, there is certainly

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<v Speaker 1>no doubting the significant role that the press played in

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<v Speaker 1>terms of elevating the image of this particular serial killer

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<v Speaker 1>into something approaching almost mythological proportions. That this occurred was

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<v Speaker 1>due largely to the changing landscape of the British print

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<v Speaker 1>industry at the time, specifically the birth of tabloid journalism.

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<v Speaker 1>As a result, the type of acts perpetrated by the

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<v Speaker 1>so called jack were not only the first in British

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<v Speaker 1>history to receive daily, almost real time coverage, but they

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<v Speaker 1>were also among the first to be subjected to the

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<v Speaker 1>lurid and sensationalist manner of reporting that would come to

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<v Speaker 1>define tabloid journalism. And there was one among all in

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<v Speaker 1>the industry who, for better or worth, had instigated it.

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<v Speaker 1>His name was William Thomas Stead. At the time of

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<v Speaker 1>the Whitechapel murders, Stead was the editor of the Pall

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<v Speaker 1>Mall Gazette, a forerunner of the London Evening Standard, and

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<v Speaker 1>one of the most active papers in the reporting of

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<v Speaker 1>the crimes Prior to that, Stead, who came from pious

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<v Speaker 1>and humble beginnings, began his career at The Northern Echo,

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<v Speaker 1>a liberal newspaper operating out of the northeast of England.

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<v Speaker 1>Such was his talent and enthusiasm for the business, by

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<v Speaker 1>the tender age of twenty two he had already been

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<v Speaker 1>promoted to the position of editor. From the outset. Stead

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<v Speaker 1>was driven by his faith in his determination to use

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<v Speaker 1>the print media in a way that it had never

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<v Speaker 1>been used before. At the time, most of the national

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<v Speaker 1>press merely serviced the established orders of the day, being

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<v Speaker 1>largely written by wealthy men for the benefit of wealthy men.

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<v Speaker 1>What Stead was quick to realize, however, was that newspapers

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<v Speaker 1>and their readers could be weaponized to challenge those same

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<v Speaker 1>established orders. For Stead, journalism was a moral mission, and

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<v Speaker 1>his mission above all was to help those he considered poor, outcast,

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<v Speaker 1>and oppressed. When Stead first joined the Pawmal Gazette in

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<v Speaker 1>eighteen eighty, it was a thoroughly conservative and reactionary newspaper,

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<v Speaker 1>precisely of the sort that he had spent his formative

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<v Speaker 1>years railing against. Shortly after he became the paper's editor

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<v Speaker 1>in eighteen eighty three. It was immediately transformed into an

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<v Speaker 1>eye catching page turning romp on a crusade to disrupt

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<v Speaker 1>Victorian high society sensibilities and hold a mirror up to

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<v Speaker 1>the reality of British life. To do this, Stead introduced

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<v Speaker 1>a number of techniques that are familiar today but were

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<v Speaker 1>revolutionary for the time, such as large fonted headlines and

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<v Speaker 1>subheadings to catch the eye. He would also think nothing

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<v Speaker 1>of blending his own opinions with those of his contributors

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<v Speaker 1>and interviewees. One of Stead's first and by far most

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<v Speaker 1>audacious campaigns was published in eighteen eighty five as The

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<v Speaker 1>Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon. With it, Stead, in collaboration

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<v Speaker 1>with feminist and social reformer Josephine Butler, set about exposing

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<v Speaker 1>the industry of child prostitution, apparently running rampant in London,

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<v Speaker 1>facilitated by corrupt officials who for too long had turned

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<v Speaker 1>a blind eye to it. The most scandalous element being

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<v Speaker 1>the final chapter documenting the purchase of a thirteen year

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<v Speaker 1>old girl for nefarious purposes, with the report detailing all

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<v Speaker 1>aspects of the sale, including the process of having the

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<v Speaker 1>child's virginity verified before completing the deal. It remains one

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<v Speaker 1>of the earliest and most shocking examples of investigative journalism.

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<v Speaker 1>Almost as shocking was the revelation a few months later

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<v Speaker 1>that it had been Stead himself, operating undercover, who had

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<v Speaker 1>procured the child. He was later convicted for his involvement

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<v Speaker 1>in the escapade known as the Eliza Armstrong case, and

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<v Speaker 1>sentenced to three months in prison. Are you always taking

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<v Speaker 1>Unexplained Podcast. One of Butler Instead's aims for the report

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<v Speaker 1>was to force the government to raise the legal age

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<v Speaker 1>of consent, which was only thirteen at the time, to sixteen.

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<v Speaker 1>A few months later, due in no small part to

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<v Speaker 1>the moral outrage caused by its publication, the Criminal Law

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<v Speaker 1>Amendment Act of eighteen eighty five was introduced to do

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<v Speaker 1>just that. Though few would likely disagree with this being

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<v Speaker 1>a positive outcome, many might recognize the eighteen eighty five

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<v Speaker 1>Amendment for very different reasons. For it was in section

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<v Speaker 1>eleven of this Act, unopposed by Stead, that sex and

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<v Speaker 1>by extension, homosexuality between men was formerly criminalized. It would

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<v Speaker 1>be another eighty years before this was reversed. Such are

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<v Speaker 1>the dangers of being guided by moralism, Since, regardless of

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<v Speaker 1>whether you mean well or not, as Stead undoubtedly believed

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<v Speaker 1>he did, what is considered right to one is not

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<v Speaker 1>right to war. It is unlikely, too, that his righteousness

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<v Speaker 1>extended to people of color or those who didn't adhere

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<v Speaker 1>closely to the Christian faith. Nonetheless, Stead, as one of

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<v Speaker 1>the very few men in power to do so, fervently

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<v Speaker 1>supported the women's suffragette movement and was the first to

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<v Speaker 1>employ journalists who were women on equal pay. Over the

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<v Speaker 1>next few years, Stead continued to cement his reputation as

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<v Speaker 1>a crusading maverick and a constant thorn in the side

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<v Speaker 1>of the British establishment. Through the Gazette's reporting on the

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<v Speaker 1>Whitechapel murders, Stead, albeit crudely, was able to draw attention

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<v Speaker 1>to the plight of those struggling to make ends meet,

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<v Speaker 1>forcing the government to provide better housing support. He was

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<v Speaker 1>also a strong advocate of compulsory primary and secondary education

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<v Speaker 1>for all. But there was another side to Stead that

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<v Speaker 1>he had kept hidden from his more earthly journalistic pursuits,

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<v Speaker 1>something he had been forced to keep hidden for fear

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<v Speaker 1>of losing all his hard fought credibility. As a deeply

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<v Speaker 1>religious man, it was hard for Stead not to take

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<v Speaker 1>an interest in the growing spiritualist movement, most notably its

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<v Speaker 1>claims to have mastered communication with the debt. In eighteen

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<v Speaker 1>ninety three, he founded the magazine Borderland, which focused purely

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<v Speaker 1>on adventures in spiritualism and psychical research. Not long after,

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<v Speaker 1>Stead became convinced he was telepathic, believing that he was

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<v Speaker 1>able to communicate with his assistant editor and renowned medium

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<v Speaker 1>of the day, Ada Goodrich Freer by means of automatic writing,

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<v Speaker 1>the process of writing words without conscious awareness, through which

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<v Speaker 1>he believed he could channel his friend. Stead later became

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<v Speaker 1>convinced that he was receiving communications from fellow journalist Julia Ames,

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<v Speaker 1>who had died in eighteen ninety one. It was from

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<v Speaker 1>these apparent communications that Stead got the extraordinary idea to

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<v Speaker 1>set up a public bureau into which people could drop

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<v Speaker 1>in and speak to dead loved ones in the manner

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<v Speaker 1>of a telephone operator service. Julia's Bureau opened its doors

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<v Speaker 1>in nineteen o nine, staffed by a number of mediums

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<v Speaker 1>as well as a receptionist. Stead even set up an

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<v Speaker 1>office for the deceased Julia, who was said to attend

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<v Speaker 1>the bureau between the hours of ten and four PM.

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<v Speaker 1>For where she was said to have spent the rest

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<v Speaker 1>of her time was never revealed. In nineteen twelve, Stead

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<v Speaker 1>was invited by then US President William Taft to attend

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<v Speaker 1>a men and Religion Forward Movement meeting in New York

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<v Speaker 1>to discuss the topic of world peace. It isn't known

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<v Speaker 1>in what context Stead had agreed to attend. However, the

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<v Speaker 1>movement was said, according to a twenty thirteen article written

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<v Speaker 1>by Lucy D. Lapp and Maria Ducenzo on the contradictory

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<v Speaker 1>nature of Stead, character, to be a movement critical of

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<v Speaker 1>the influence of women in religion and explicitly excluded them

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<v Speaker 1>from its meetings. On April tenth, Instead traveled to Southampton,

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<v Speaker 1>on the south coast of England and boarded a steamliner

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<v Speaker 1>bound for New York, setting off shortly after midday. For

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<v Speaker 1>the next few days, Stead kept his friends and fellow

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<v Speaker 1>passengers gaily entertained with his vast array of tales and

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<v Speaker 1>anecdotes from years spent on the front line of the

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<v Speaker 1>British press. On the fifth night, having finished off an

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<v Speaker 1>especially thrilling story about the cursed Mummy of the British Museum,

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<v Speaker 1>with had just gone ten thirty pm, Stead retired to

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<v Speaker 1>his cabin and went to sleep. High up in the

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<v Speaker 1>ship's crow's nest lookouts, Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee stood

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<v Speaker 1>watch in the freezing night air, with no moon visible.

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<v Speaker 1>Above the sea, was an obsidian carpet laid out before them,

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<v Speaker 1>as dark as the night sky and filled with as

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<v Speaker 1>many stars. Such was the effect it felt at times

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<v Speaker 1>as if they were in fact floating in space. At

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<v Speaker 1>eleven thirty PM, the pair spotted something peculiar in the distance,

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<v Speaker 1>a slight haze sitting just above the water. Minutes later,

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<v Speaker 1>their eyes widened in horror as something vast and looming

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<v Speaker 1>emerged out of it below deck. Stead shot awake in

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<v Speaker 1>his cabin with the strange sensation that the room had

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<v Speaker 1>just been shaking. Somewhat alarmed, he hurriedly made his way

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<v Speaker 1>to the top deck to find passengers and crew members

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<v Speaker 1>dashing about and the ship now seemingly adrift in the

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<v Speaker 1>vastness of the ocean. Moments later, he was informed at

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<v Speaker 1>the terrifying news the ship had collided with an iceberg. However,

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<v Speaker 1>such was the confidence in the vessel, he was advised

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<v Speaker 1>that all was likely fine and to return to his cabin.

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<v Speaker 1>Below the water line, however, a very different story was unfolding.

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<v Speaker 1>Although the hull had not been directly punctured in the crash,

0:14:36.000 --> 0:14:39.720
<v Speaker 1>the collision had dented the paneling at the seams, causing

0:14:39.800 --> 0:14:44.800
<v Speaker 1>rivets to pop and the paneling to split apart. The

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<v Speaker 1>ship began taking on water immediately, and before long it

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<v Speaker 1>was cascading into the boiler rooms at a rate fifteen

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<v Speaker 1>times faster than it could be pumped out. Within minutes,

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<v Speaker 1>the ship's head was being pulled under the wa Just

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<v Speaker 1>after midnight, the ship's captain, Edward Smith, ordered a complete evacuation.

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<v Speaker 1>At twenty minutes past midnight, it was clear that the

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<v Speaker 1>ship HMS Titanic was going down, and as Captain Smith knew,

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<v Speaker 1>not everyone would be getting off alive. The ship, although

0:15:29.720 --> 0:15:33.280
<v Speaker 1>carrying two thousand, two hundred and eight passengers, only had

0:15:33.400 --> 0:15:37.960
<v Speaker 1>enough lifeboats for half of them. In the end, only

0:15:38.000 --> 0:15:43.720
<v Speaker 1>seven hundred and six would survive. It was reported that

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<v Speaker 1>as the Titanic sank, W. T. Stead did all he

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<v Speaker 1>could to help others into the lifeboats, even giving up

0:15:51.960 --> 0:15:56.000
<v Speaker 1>his own life jacket to help another passenger. He was

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<v Speaker 1>last seen clinging to a raft before losing his grip

0:15:59.680 --> 0:16:14.080
<v Speaker 1>and disappearing below the waves. It is strangely apt that

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<v Speaker 1>Stead lost his life on the Titanic, since the event

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<v Speaker 1>in itself is remembered in many ways as a microcosm

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<v Speaker 1>of the very world that he had worked most of

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<v Speaker 1>his life to confront, understand, and challenge. The vessel had

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<v Speaker 1>been split into three tiers, with the third class ticket

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<v Speaker 1>holders at the bottom, the second in the middle, and

0:16:37.360 --> 0:16:40.840
<v Speaker 1>the first with the best access to escape routes, on

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<v Speaker 1>the top. As it transpired, many in third class weren't

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<v Speaker 1>even given the chance to escape the hatchways, leading into

0:16:50.480 --> 0:16:53.760
<v Speaker 1>their section being closed and locked in on them in

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<v Speaker 1>an attempt to keep the vessel afloat long enough for

0:16:56.920 --> 0:17:02.360
<v Speaker 1>the others to escape. In thirty nine percent of first

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<v Speaker 1>class passengers died, fifty eight percent of standard class, and

0:17:08.359 --> 0:17:15.040
<v Speaker 1>seventy six percent of third The following day, as news

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<v Speaker 1>of the disaster began to break, Stead's name was prominent

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<v Speaker 1>among the list of well known passengers thought to have

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<v Speaker 1>possibly died. It wasn't long after that attention was drawn

0:17:27.200 --> 0:17:34.200
<v Speaker 1>to a peculiar coincidence in his dying. In eighteen eighty six, Stead,

0:17:34.280 --> 0:17:38.960
<v Speaker 1>who claimed to experience premonitions, published the story How the

0:17:39.040 --> 0:17:43.520
<v Speaker 1>Mail Steamer Went Down in the mid Atlantic. In it,

0:17:43.560 --> 0:17:46.800
<v Speaker 1>he describes the sinking of an ocean liner that is

0:17:46.840 --> 0:17:53.280
<v Speaker 1>only equipped with enough lifeboats to say half its passengers. Then,

0:17:53.320 --> 0:17:57.680
<v Speaker 1>in eighteen ninety two, Stead published another story titled From

0:17:57.680 --> 0:18:00.680
<v Speaker 1>the Old World to the New, in which a ship

0:18:01.040 --> 0:18:04.919
<v Speaker 1>departing from England and bound for the US collides with

0:18:04.960 --> 0:18:10.520
<v Speaker 1>an iceberg. The ship's only surviving passenger, having climbed on

0:18:10.520 --> 0:18:13.920
<v Speaker 1>top of the iceberg, is then later rescued by another

0:18:14.040 --> 0:18:19.280
<v Speaker 1>vessel captained by a man named Edward Smith. Start had

0:18:19.280 --> 0:18:22.520
<v Speaker 1>based the character on the same Edward Smith, who would

0:18:22.560 --> 0:18:32.960
<v Speaker 1>later captain HMS Titanic. This was the final episode of

0:18:33.040 --> 0:18:36.880
<v Speaker 1>Unexplained season three, but fear not for we will return

0:18:37.200 --> 0:18:42.360
<v Speaker 1>in January twenty nineteen for season four. Thank you once

0:18:42.440 --> 0:18:44.879
<v Speaker 1>again to all who have taken the time to listen.

0:18:46.720 --> 0:18:49.399
<v Speaker 1>If you enjoy listening to Unexplained and would like to

0:18:49.400 --> 0:18:52.880
<v Speaker 1>help supporters, you can now go to Unexplained podcast dot

0:18:52.880 --> 0:18:57.920
<v Speaker 1>com forward slash support. All donations, no matter how large

0:18:58.000 --> 0:19:05.479
<v Speaker 1>or small, are massively appreciate. All elements have Unexplained are

0:19:05.520 --> 0:19:08.919
<v Speaker 1>produced by me, Richard McClain Smith. Please subscribe and rate

0:19:08.960 --> 0:19:10.919
<v Speaker 1>the show on iTunes, and feel free to get in

0:19:10.960 --> 0:19:13.680
<v Speaker 1>touch with any thoughts or ideas regarding the stories you've

0:19:13.680 --> 0:19:16.560
<v Speaker 1>heard on the show. Perhaps you have an explanation of

0:19:16.600 --> 0:19:19.040
<v Speaker 1>your own you'd like to share, you can reach us

0:19:19.040 --> 0:19:22.080
<v Speaker 1>online at Unexplained podcast dot com or on Twitter at

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<v Speaker 1>Unexplained pod. Now. It's time to take care of yourself.

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<v Speaker 1>To make time for you, Tell a doc gives you

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<v Speaker 1>access to a licensed therapist to help you get back

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<v Speaker 1>phone or video anytime between seven am to nine pm

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