1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:02,480 Speaker 1: This episode of Stuff you Missed in History Class is 2 00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:06,160 Speaker 1: brought to you by Squarespace. You can easily create your 3 00:00:06,200 --> 00:00:10,120 Speaker 1: website and make it absolutely beautiful. Through a simple, intuitive process. 4 00:00:10,360 --> 00:00:13,320 Speaker 1: You can add and arrange your content and your features 5 00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:16,120 Speaker 1: with the click of a mouse. You'll have an absolutely 6 00:00:16,160 --> 00:00:19,560 Speaker 1: beautiful website without having to know how to code. To 7 00:00:19,680 --> 00:00:23,040 Speaker 1: get your free trial at squarespace dot com, enter offer 8 00:00:23,079 --> 00:00:25,920 Speaker 1: code history and get temper sent off your first purchase. 9 00:00:26,239 --> 00:00:30,200 Speaker 1: That's squarespace dot com and offer code history. I am 10 00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:32,560 Speaker 1: Scott and I'm Ben and we're from Car Stuff. We're 11 00:00:32,600 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: the podcast that covers everything that flutes, flies, swims, ford drives, adventures, thrills, chills, literally, planes, trains, 12 00:00:39,720 --> 00:00:42,519 Speaker 1: and automobiles. That's right, and you can find all of 13 00:00:42,520 --> 00:00:46,760 Speaker 1: our episodes on Google Play, Spotify, iTunes, and really anywhere 14 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:51,960 Speaker 1: else you get your podcast. Welcome to Stuff you Missed 15 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:59,760 Speaker 1: in History Class from how Stuff Works dot com. Hello, 16 00:01:00,120 --> 00:01:05,039 Speaker 1: I'm welcome to the podcast. I'm TRACB. Wilson and so 17 00:01:05,080 --> 00:01:06,800 Speaker 1: if you've been listening to our show for more than 18 00:01:06,880 --> 00:01:09,480 Speaker 1: six months or so, you know it's become a tradition 19 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:11,200 Speaker 1: to have a couple of episodes at the end of 20 00:01:11,200 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 1: the year devoted to things that got unearthed either literally 21 00:01:15,319 --> 00:01:18,319 Speaker 1: or figured figuratively over the course of the prior year, 22 00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:20,399 Speaker 1: and it's a tradition that passed hosts of the show 23 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:22,679 Speaker 1: started that first year the Holly and I came on. 24 00:01:22,720 --> 00:01:24,960 Speaker 1: It was kind of a struggle because, in addition to 25 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:26,720 Speaker 1: the fact that we started on the show in March, 26 00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:29,440 Speaker 1: so we had missed a couple of months, we didn't 27 00:01:29,440 --> 00:01:33,800 Speaker 1: really start keeping track of it until really late in 28 00:01:33,840 --> 00:01:36,600 Speaker 1: the game. So we fixed that problem, and now we 29 00:01:36,680 --> 00:01:40,360 Speaker 1: have the opposite problem. We're halfway through the year and 30 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:42,280 Speaker 1: our pindest board where we keep track of all this 31 00:01:42,319 --> 00:01:45,119 Speaker 1: stuff has a hundred and ninety six pens on it. 32 00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:48,560 Speaker 1: There are more than it now because I have penned things. 33 00:01:48,600 --> 00:01:54,200 Speaker 1: Since I wrote that down, the board had a hundred 34 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:56,559 Speaker 1: and thirty seven pins on it for the entire year, 35 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:01,440 Speaker 1: and the board had even fewer. So we know these favorites, 36 00:02:01,600 --> 00:02:03,720 Speaker 1: these episodes are favorites for a lot of our listeners. 37 00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:05,760 Speaker 1: And we made a poll. We made a poll, and 38 00:02:05,800 --> 00:02:07,320 Speaker 1: we put that poll up on our Facebook and our 39 00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:10,000 Speaker 1: Twitter and asked, would you rather have a mid year 40 00:02:10,240 --> 00:02:12,720 Speaker 1: unearthed episode and two at the end of the year 41 00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:15,440 Speaker 1: like normal or do more than two at the end 42 00:02:15,480 --> 00:02:18,000 Speaker 1: of the year, or stick with two episodes and just 43 00:02:18,040 --> 00:02:20,600 Speaker 1: don't do anything different, just talk about fewer of the 44 00:02:20,639 --> 00:02:23,720 Speaker 1: things that we heard about over the year. And it 45 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:26,200 Speaker 1: was kind of a hilarious chart to watch because it 46 00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:29,120 Speaker 1: started as just a circle and then it very quickly 47 00:02:29,160 --> 00:02:33,040 Speaker 1: resolved into one big piece and two little pieces that 48 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:39,160 Speaker 1: did not change shape anymore. The number the numbers change, 49 00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:45,120 Speaker 1: but the proportions remained deeper be exactly the same. Overwhelmingly, 50 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: like with more than eighty percent of the vote, people 51 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:52,200 Speaker 1: wanted a mid year unearthed podcast, So that's what we're doing, 52 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:55,200 Speaker 1: and we're gonna focus today's episode a lot on things 53 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:59,040 Speaker 1: that are updates of previous episodes that have been unearthed, 54 00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:01,800 Speaker 1: because a lot of times that's was freshest on people's 55 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:04,400 Speaker 1: minds when they asked us to put things in the 56 00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:09,200 Speaker 1: unearthed list of things to talk about. Past hosts tackled 57 00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:11,440 Speaker 1: the Black Death on the show, and even though that 58 00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:16,079 Speaker 1: happened in seven people are still researching it and discovering 59 00:03:16,360 --> 00:03:19,560 Speaker 1: or theorizing about the nuances of what happened and how 60 00:03:19,600 --> 00:03:23,040 Speaker 1: it managed to kill so much of the population of Europe. 61 00:03:23,560 --> 00:03:25,920 Speaker 1: A team from the Initiative for the Science of the 62 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:30,079 Speaker 1: Human Past at Harvard announced that ice core research suggests 63 00:03:30,080 --> 00:03:33,000 Speaker 1: that an existing famine in Europe was a big part 64 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:36,240 Speaker 1: in why the Black Death was so very devastating. The 65 00:03:36,240 --> 00:03:39,320 Speaker 1: announcement actually came last November, but it didn't really make 66 00:03:39,440 --> 00:03:42,840 Speaker 1: news until January of this year. This ice core was 67 00:03:42,960 --> 00:03:47,040 Speaker 1: drilled from the Alps in and this was the first 68 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:51,840 Speaker 1: ice core that has been extracted specifically for historical study 69 00:03:51,960 --> 00:03:55,720 Speaker 1: and not so much for just scientific study and climate 70 00:03:55,800 --> 00:03:58,960 Speaker 1: study and that sort of thing. It basically places the 71 00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:02,360 Speaker 1: Black Death as an event that followed a prolonged period 72 00:04:02,400 --> 00:04:05,400 Speaker 1: of cool, wet weather that would have led to widespread 73 00:04:05,440 --> 00:04:07,720 Speaker 1: food shortages over a lot of the same area that 74 00:04:07,760 --> 00:04:11,280 Speaker 1: was then struck by the plague. So following this food shortage, 75 00:04:11,440 --> 00:04:15,080 Speaker 1: the theory goes, Europe's population was already really weak, and 76 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:18,360 Speaker 1: that really weak population could not fight off the disease 77 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:23,120 Speaker 1: very well. Uh In January, a team of historians announced 78 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:27,000 Speaker 1: that they had finally confirmed the precise location of hangings 79 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:30,520 Speaker 1: in the Salem Witch Trials. There have been multiple theories 80 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:33,200 Speaker 1: about the exact location over the years, most of them 81 00:04:33,200 --> 00:04:36,760 Speaker 1: connected in some way to Gallows Hill and research into 82 00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:41,039 Speaker 1: the exact location has hinged on one particular detail. There's 83 00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:45,800 Speaker 1: extensive documentation related to the trials, but nothing that suggests 84 00:04:45,839 --> 00:04:49,880 Speaker 1: that gallows were built. So historians have operated under the 85 00:04:49,920 --> 00:04:52,359 Speaker 1: idea that the hangings were done from the limbs of 86 00:04:52,360 --> 00:04:57,040 Speaker 1: a tree. So this latest attempt to pinpoint the location 87 00:04:57,120 --> 00:05:02,080 Speaker 1: of the executions combined that knowledge with aerial photography, eyewitness 88 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:06,039 Speaker 1: accounts from when the hangings took place, and mapping technology. 89 00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:09,360 Speaker 1: The eyewitness accounts then had to be cross referenced with 90 00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:13,600 Speaker 1: deed records. So if somebody was watching the hanging from 91 00:05:13,640 --> 00:05:17,640 Speaker 1: the windows of a house, where was that house located exactly, 92 00:05:17,839 --> 00:05:20,280 Speaker 1: and what parts of Gallows Hill could be seen from 93 00:05:20,320 --> 00:05:24,320 Speaker 1: the house. Eventually, the team narrowed the location down to 94 00:05:24,400 --> 00:05:27,600 Speaker 1: Proctor's Ledge, which is farther down Gallows Hill than some 95 00:05:27,640 --> 00:05:31,080 Speaker 1: of the other suggested Gallows locations. It's right by a 96 00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:34,839 Speaker 1: Walgreens today, uh Salem is planning to construct a memorial 97 00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:39,240 Speaker 1: there that should be dedicated in June of So. I 98 00:05:39,279 --> 00:05:42,039 Speaker 1: went to a talk on this at a thing called 99 00:05:42,120 --> 00:05:47,160 Speaker 1: History Camp in Boston earlier this year, and it was delightful. 100 00:05:47,240 --> 00:05:50,520 Speaker 1: Number one, it was delightful to hear the the whole 101 00:05:50,640 --> 00:05:53,880 Speaker 1: history of attempts to try to find this place, as 102 00:05:53,920 --> 00:05:56,560 Speaker 1: well as prior attempts to build a memorial there, some 103 00:05:56,640 --> 00:06:01,839 Speaker 1: of which were by today's standards very tacky. Um. But 104 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:03,760 Speaker 1: the thing that was the best about it was the 105 00:06:03,839 --> 00:06:08,120 Speaker 1: historians who were talking about it. You can tell their 106 00:06:08,279 --> 00:06:12,480 Speaker 1: chagrin that the witch trials are what brings most people 107 00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:16,600 Speaker 1: to Salem for tourism purposes, and then the way that 108 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:19,680 Speaker 1: story is handled in a lot of places is not 109 00:06:19,920 --> 00:06:24,640 Speaker 1: like the devastating and tragic event that it really was. 110 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:28,200 Speaker 1: Like a lot of the atmosphere is more like, woo 111 00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:33,280 Speaker 1: whiches are scary, it's Halloween, which Halloween's great, but this 112 00:06:33,360 --> 00:06:35,760 Speaker 1: was a bunch of innocent people getting hangs that have 113 00:06:35,839 --> 00:06:42,080 Speaker 1: now been turned into sensationalized m tourist merchandise, right right right, 114 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:45,479 Speaker 1: So like they there was definitely a sense of kind 115 00:06:45,520 --> 00:06:49,279 Speaker 1: of frustration with that flavor of a lot of not 116 00:06:49,520 --> 00:06:53,200 Speaker 1: definitely not all, but a lot of the the atmosphere 117 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:56,120 Speaker 1: in Salem, and the hope that this monument will have 118 00:06:56,360 --> 00:07:01,159 Speaker 1: like another more accurate representation of the history of what 119 00:07:01,360 --> 00:07:06,279 Speaker 1: actually happened during the witch Trials. So next up in June, 120 00:07:07,320 --> 00:07:11,280 Speaker 1: So just last month, researchers announced the results of imaging 121 00:07:11,360 --> 00:07:14,640 Speaker 1: studies on the Antikithera mechanism. So, as we discussed in 122 00:07:14,680 --> 00:07:17,360 Speaker 1: our episode on that mechanism, this is a small device 123 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:19,160 Speaker 1: that was brought up from a shipwreck off of a 124 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:21,240 Speaker 1: Greek island by the same name, and it's been the 125 00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:24,600 Speaker 1: subject of a whole lot of study. Researchers had already 126 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:29,200 Speaker 1: figured out that was basically an an astronomical analog computer 127 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:32,480 Speaker 1: to track things like eclipses and the positions of stars, 128 00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:35,560 Speaker 1: and people have even built working reproductions of it out 129 00:07:35,560 --> 00:07:38,520 Speaker 1: of lego. And most of our updates on the anti 130 00:07:38,600 --> 00:07:41,440 Speaker 1: Kithera mechanism have been about other relics that were brought 131 00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:44,400 Speaker 1: up from that same shipwreck, but this time we have 132 00:07:44,520 --> 00:07:47,960 Speaker 1: one about the mechanism itself. There is writing on at 133 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:51,560 Speaker 1: least eighty two known fragments of the device. This consists 134 00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:54,760 Speaker 1: of thousands of characters that up until this point had 135 00:07:54,760 --> 00:07:58,400 Speaker 1: not been deciphered very well. These characters were too small 136 00:07:58,440 --> 00:08:01,120 Speaker 1: and too inaccessible. You couldn't really get to some of 137 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:04,000 Speaker 1: them without damaging the device, and in some cases they 138 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:08,160 Speaker 1: weren't even visible to the naked eye. There was already 139 00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:11,800 Speaker 1: a two thousand six paper in the journal Nature, describing 140 00:08:11,920 --> 00:08:14,400 Speaker 1: text from the front and back doors, as well as 141 00:08:14,440 --> 00:08:16,960 Speaker 1: the back plate and lower back dial of the device. 142 00:08:17,480 --> 00:08:20,920 Speaker 1: But all of these are relatively accessible pieces of the text, 143 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:24,800 Speaker 1: and at the same time, even by that years imaging standards, 144 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:27,720 Speaker 1: they were really hard to decipher, and a lot of 145 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:32,720 Speaker 1: the provisional translations that were published as part of that 146 00:08:32,760 --> 00:08:37,240 Speaker 1: paper are spotty at best. They sound kind of like 147 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:43,040 Speaker 1: random astronomical words put on a paper Like I was 148 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:44,960 Speaker 1: I was going to try to have like a quote 149 00:08:44,960 --> 00:08:48,320 Speaker 1: of some of them, and I had none of them. 150 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:52,560 Speaker 1: They just felt like random word soup of of astronomy words. 151 00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:55,079 Speaker 1: It kind of feels like someone taught a parrot like 152 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:58,160 Speaker 1: astronomy vocabulary and then it just spits out like what 153 00:08:58,240 --> 00:09:02,240 Speaker 1: it knows in random order. There's no real there's no 154 00:09:02,320 --> 00:09:07,040 Speaker 1: structure too. It's very difficult. So using scanning equipment including 155 00:09:07,120 --> 00:09:11,400 Speaker 1: CT scans and polynomial texture mapping, a team has analyzed 156 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:14,200 Speaker 1: and deciphered about a quarter of the original text on 157 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:18,480 Speaker 1: the device. Although some media outlets have described this text 158 00:09:18,520 --> 00:09:22,120 Speaker 1: as a user's manual, the research team has actually described 159 00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:24,920 Speaker 1: it more as an interpretive sign at a museum, so 160 00:09:25,040 --> 00:09:27,040 Speaker 1: not so much of how to manual of how to 161 00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:30,280 Speaker 1: use the device, but an explanation of what you're seeing 162 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:34,360 Speaker 1: when you're using it. UH. And our last thing before 163 00:09:34,400 --> 00:09:36,959 Speaker 1: we take a quick break, we are still trying to 164 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:40,480 Speaker 1: figure out exactly what's going on with Queen Nefertidi's tomb 165 00:09:40,760 --> 00:09:43,679 Speaker 1: and whether it is actually in a secret location UH. 166 00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:45,560 Speaker 1: In the team of King tut this is something that 167 00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:48,520 Speaker 1: we talked about in our most recent year and installment 168 00:09:48,640 --> 00:09:52,920 Speaker 1: of Unearthed. Egyptologist Nicholas Reeves of the University of Arizona 169 00:09:52,920 --> 00:09:56,960 Speaker 1: published up paper detailing irregularities that look like maybe they 170 00:09:56,960 --> 00:10:00,760 Speaker 1: could be plastered over doorways in King Touts tomb, and 171 00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:04,720 Speaker 1: he theorized that it's the secret burial place of Never TV. 172 00:10:05,960 --> 00:10:09,200 Speaker 1: Further scans completed after we recorded that end of year 173 00:10:09,240 --> 00:10:12,320 Speaker 1: episode suggests that yes, there might be something back there, 174 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:15,199 Speaker 1: and a news conference held in March made it all 175 00:10:15,240 --> 00:10:19,880 Speaker 1: sound really promising. However, a team of national geographic radar 176 00:10:19,960 --> 00:10:23,920 Speaker 1: specialists could not replicate the results and there's been turnover 177 00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:27,959 Speaker 1: in Egypt's Ministry of Antiquities. The new minister has declared quote, 178 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 1: no physical exploration will be allowed unless there is one 179 00:10:32,240 --> 00:10:36,040 Speaker 1: certainty that there is a cavity behind the wall. It 180 00:10:36,080 --> 00:10:38,680 Speaker 1: seems unlikely that this one will be resolved in six 181 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:42,480 Speaker 1: months when we do our year end Unearthed, but you 182 00:10:42,559 --> 00:10:48,360 Speaker 1: never know, but I doubt it's you never know. So 183 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:52,040 Speaker 1: before we move on to our next little chunk of 184 00:10:52,120 --> 00:10:54,640 Speaker 1: past episode updates, we're going to take a great break 185 00:10:54,960 --> 00:11:03,360 Speaker 1: or a word from a sponsor to get back into 186 00:11:03,440 --> 00:11:06,120 Speaker 1: some things that have been brought up just in the 187 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:09,000 Speaker 1: first six months of this year. A team of historic 188 00:11:09,080 --> 00:11:13,400 Speaker 1: Royal Palaces curators has suggested that an altar cloth found 189 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:16,920 Speaker 1: in Hertfordshire is made from pieces of a sixteenth century dress. 190 00:11:17,679 --> 00:11:20,320 Speaker 1: And because this dress looks a lot like what she's 191 00:11:20,400 --> 00:11:23,400 Speaker 1: wearing in a painting known as the Rainbow Portrait, there's 192 00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:26,120 Speaker 1: a theory that this dress belonged to Queen Elizabeth, the 193 00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:31,080 Speaker 1: first subject of several archival episodes of the show. There's not, however, 194 00:11:31,320 --> 00:11:35,720 Speaker 1: a clear paper trail that definitively connects this this dress 195 00:11:36,360 --> 00:11:38,760 Speaker 1: to the Queen. And I will just say, if you 196 00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:41,800 Speaker 1: have not seen the Rainbow Portrait, go and do an 197 00:11:41,800 --> 00:11:43,920 Speaker 1: Internet search for it right this second, because it is 198 00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:46,520 Speaker 1: a spectacular piece of art and one of my favorite 199 00:11:46,520 --> 00:11:50,080 Speaker 1: portraits of Elizabeth. The first uh When we posted this 200 00:11:50,160 --> 00:11:52,440 Speaker 1: story on our Facebook, there was a little bit of 201 00:11:52,480 --> 00:11:56,120 Speaker 1: crankiness in the comments that people shouldn't be surprised that 202 00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:58,520 Speaker 1: an altar cloth used to be addressed because good fabric 203 00:11:58,600 --> 00:12:00,959 Speaker 1: is expensive and people turn a dresses into other things 204 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:04,040 Speaker 1: all the time. Just look at your grandmother piecing her 205 00:12:04,040 --> 00:12:07,080 Speaker 1: wedding dress into a quilt. But your grandmother probably was 206 00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:10,840 Speaker 1: not Queen Elizabeth the First And even if it's not 207 00:12:10,960 --> 00:12:14,360 Speaker 1: Queen Elizabeth's address, it's still a really incredible find. The 208 00:12:14,480 --> 00:12:17,760 Speaker 1: fabric is called cloth of silver, which by law could 209 00:12:17,760 --> 00:12:21,880 Speaker 1: only be worn by royalty or high aristocracy. So even 210 00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:25,400 Speaker 1: if it wasn't Queen Elizabeth's address, there's likelihood that it 211 00:12:25,559 --> 00:12:30,600 Speaker 1: was another notable person's dress. And there's also the part 212 00:12:30,600 --> 00:12:35,440 Speaker 1: where that wonderful fabric has survived for hundreds of years. Yes, 213 00:12:35,640 --> 00:12:39,120 Speaker 1: and it's still really quite spectacular. And now we move 214 00:12:39,160 --> 00:12:44,600 Speaker 1: on to some uh closer to home unearthed news. On 215 00:12:44,679 --> 00:12:48,960 Speaker 1: march or villein Wilbur Wright of Dayton, Ohio filed a 216 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:52,760 Speaker 1: patent for their flying machine, complete with a diagram, and 217 00:12:52,840 --> 00:12:56,160 Speaker 1: thirty six years ago that filing was misplaced after being 218 00:12:56,200 --> 00:13:00,880 Speaker 1: loaned to the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum patent was 219 00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:04,480 Speaker 1: supposed to appear in an exhibition on the seventy anniversary 220 00:13:04,559 --> 00:13:08,080 Speaker 1: of the Right Brothers first flight, and after the exhibition 221 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:11,080 Speaker 1: was over it was marked as returned, but it was 222 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:16,199 Speaker 1: then lost. Somehow it wound up in storage in Kansas. 223 00:13:17,160 --> 00:13:20,720 Speaker 1: The National Archives found the original patent in March during 224 00:13:20,760 --> 00:13:24,920 Speaker 1: a quote special program launched to recover alienated and stolen 225 00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:29,240 Speaker 1: archival materials. It had just been misfiled. Uh, it's not 226 00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:32,319 Speaker 1: hard to imagine how that happened, though there are two 227 00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:35,760 Speaker 1: hundred and sixty nine million pages of patent records in 228 00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:40,360 Speaker 1: the National Archives. Yeah, every time we have a story 229 00:13:40,440 --> 00:13:46,160 Speaker 1: about something that was misplaced within an institution's own collection, 230 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:50,480 Speaker 1: we see a similar wave of crankiness. You like, get 231 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:54,480 Speaker 1: your act together. People like yeah, but like, yeah, you really, 232 00:13:54,679 --> 00:13:58,800 Speaker 1: you just can't. You can't have a hundred percent accuracy 233 00:13:58,880 --> 00:14:02,839 Speaker 1: on two hundred and sixty nine million pages of patent records. Well, 234 00:14:02,840 --> 00:14:05,760 Speaker 1: and I always liken it to uh in a way 235 00:14:05,840 --> 00:14:09,040 Speaker 1: to make it maybe a little easier for people to grasp. Like, 236 00:14:09,120 --> 00:14:12,880 Speaker 1: if you have ever gone to a library, you know that, 237 00:14:13,040 --> 00:14:15,679 Speaker 1: even with the best of intents, the books do not 238 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:18,240 Speaker 1: always end up in their proper place. On the shelves. 239 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:20,720 Speaker 1: And some of that is because different people go in 240 00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:22,640 Speaker 1: and touch them, but some of it is just because 241 00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:26,160 Speaker 1: it's really to misfile a slim book or a piece 242 00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:30,760 Speaker 1: of paper. Yep, yep. It's always amusing to me. Uh, 243 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:33,320 Speaker 1: you know, I have my The library here is part 244 00:14:33,360 --> 00:14:35,680 Speaker 1: of a big network, and so you can request things 245 00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:38,640 Speaker 1: from any library and the network and more than once 246 00:14:38,680 --> 00:14:40,800 Speaker 1: I have requested something and you can kind of watch 247 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:43,480 Speaker 1: the updates as as it is being shipped to you, 248 00:14:43,480 --> 00:14:45,720 Speaker 1: and occasionally like they'll be the thing that I requested 249 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:50,760 Speaker 1: and the status of this object becomes missing, and then 250 00:14:50,800 --> 00:14:53,760 Speaker 1: I feel a little a little bad that my request 251 00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:56,880 Speaker 1: was what brought it up to the knowledge of everyone. 252 00:14:56,920 --> 00:14:59,000 Speaker 1: Oh this is actually missing. We don't know what happened 253 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:01,520 Speaker 1: to it. No, that it's a good thing. Having worked 254 00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:05,560 Speaker 1: in the library for a decade, we love what has happened, 255 00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:08,440 Speaker 1: because while your heart sort of drops when you realize 256 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:10,240 Speaker 1: you don't know where that piece of the collection is, 257 00:15:10,840 --> 00:15:14,280 Speaker 1: you at least know its status versus thinking it's there 258 00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:18,960 Speaker 1: and safest houses only to say, I just want to 259 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:23,160 Speaker 1: have an accurate and accurate cataloging of your collection. I 260 00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:29,560 Speaker 1: just have weird guilt issues parent. So in another thing 261 00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:32,400 Speaker 1: that we've also also talked about in a previous episode 262 00:15:32,520 --> 00:15:36,400 Speaker 1: of Unearthed, we talked about some newly discovered Nasca glyphs 263 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:40,120 Speaker 1: in Unearthed in which was an update to our podcast 264 00:15:40,240 --> 00:15:43,400 Speaker 1: on the Nascal lines. We have another new discovery on 265 00:15:43,480 --> 00:15:46,240 Speaker 1: that point is basically another geoglyph that looks like an 266 00:15:46,280 --> 00:15:50,640 Speaker 1: animal with a long tongue. Archaeologist Massado Sakai, E part 267 00:15:50,680 --> 00:15:53,160 Speaker 1: of the research team, said that he thinks this geoglyph 268 00:15:53,280 --> 00:15:56,440 Speaker 1: represents an imaginary animal and not a real one. I 269 00:15:56,440 --> 00:15:59,120 Speaker 1: sort of think we're just gonna keep finding them finding 270 00:15:59,280 --> 00:16:02,520 Speaker 1: Nasca glyph us forever. I think so too. We just 271 00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:05,800 Speaker 1: did a podcast on the Yelling Stones and Denmark's early royalty, 272 00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:11,000 Speaker 1: like just did it. Literally three days later, news broke 273 00:16:11,080 --> 00:16:14,480 Speaker 1: of a discovery of a really intriguing crucifix found by 274 00:16:14,520 --> 00:16:17,880 Speaker 1: an amateur archaeologist with a metal detector. And he found 275 00:16:17,920 --> 00:16:21,760 Speaker 1: that crucifix during an afternoon off of work. So this 276 00:16:21,920 --> 00:16:26,240 Speaker 1: crucifix looks almost identical to one previously found in Sweden, 277 00:16:26,440 --> 00:16:29,280 Speaker 1: and the Swedish figure has been dated to the first 278 00:16:29,320 --> 00:16:33,080 Speaker 1: half of the tenth century. So if this crucifix that 279 00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:36,440 Speaker 1: was found in Denmark is authenticated and dated to the 280 00:16:36,520 --> 00:16:40,360 Speaker 1: same period. That means it pre dates the Yelling Stones, 281 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:43,720 Speaker 1: which were erected in nine sixty five and were to 282 00:16:43,840 --> 00:16:47,640 Speaker 1: this point believed to contain the oldest representation of Jesus 283 00:16:47,640 --> 00:16:51,360 Speaker 1: on the cross in all of Denmark. So basically, if 284 00:16:51,360 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 1: this turns out to be true, and this is a 285 00:16:53,280 --> 00:16:58,960 Speaker 1: verified piece of artifact, it will completely rewrite the history 286 00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:00,840 Speaker 1: that we talked about less than a week before this 287 00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:08,240 Speaker 1: news broke. It cracks me up. We get we get, 288 00:17:08,280 --> 00:17:11,600 Speaker 1: we we get requests uh for episodes sometimes that are 289 00:17:11,640 --> 00:17:14,879 Speaker 1: more recent than we normally talk about. And there are 290 00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:16,920 Speaker 1: a lot of reasons that we don't talk about things 291 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:18,680 Speaker 1: that are really recent, but one of them is that 292 00:17:18,720 --> 00:17:23,119 Speaker 1: there they are more likely for this to happen. Yeah, 293 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:27,080 Speaker 1: there's you know, developing stories everywhere, and the newer they are, 294 00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:30,560 Speaker 1: the more developing they are. Yes, So that's one of 295 00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:34,960 Speaker 1: many reasons. So okay, it's time for yet another update 296 00:17:35,600 --> 00:17:39,920 Speaker 1: on Pablo Naruta uh and Unearthed. In we talked about 297 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:43,000 Speaker 1: his having been exhumed and part of an investigation to 298 00:17:43,040 --> 00:17:45,960 Speaker 1: figure out whether he had been poisoned or had really 299 00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:48,000 Speaker 1: died of cancer as was claimed at the time. Of 300 00:17:48,040 --> 00:17:51,400 Speaker 1: his death and then an unearthed in so six months 301 00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:55,240 Speaker 1: ago we talked about how Chile's Naruta Foundation had issued 302 00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:59,439 Speaker 1: a demand that his body be reburied immediately because it 303 00:17:59,480 --> 00:18:03,000 Speaker 1: had not in in that whole window between the exhumation 304 00:18:03,080 --> 00:18:09,120 Speaker 1: we talked about and when that demand was made, and 305 00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:13,840 Speaker 1: now in fresh updates. In February of sixteen, the judge 306 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:17,800 Speaker 1: overseeing this investigation ordered that his remains be returned to 307 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:21,680 Speaker 1: their tomb, and also recommended that some small bone samples 308 00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:25,840 Speaker 1: be preserved. Naruta was buried again for the fourth time 309 00:18:25,960 --> 00:18:31,320 Speaker 1: in April. Manuel Ariya, who was Naruta's bodyguard and personal secretary, 310 00:18:31,359 --> 00:18:34,919 Speaker 1: insists that he was murdered, although none of these investigations 311 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:38,320 Speaker 1: have determined that to be true. As a sort of 312 00:18:38,359 --> 00:18:43,320 Speaker 1: tangential part of that update, twenty one poems discovered after 313 00:18:43,400 --> 00:18:46,560 Speaker 1: his death were also published in May in the collection 314 00:18:46,680 --> 00:18:50,560 Speaker 1: quote then come back the Lost Naruta poems to what 315 00:18:50,680 --> 00:18:56,239 Speaker 1: I would call mixed reviews, Like, there are lots of 316 00:18:56,320 --> 00:18:58,840 Speaker 1: people who say that it is great, and then some 317 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:02,600 Speaker 1: other people who say they should have stayed lost. So 318 00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:07,159 Speaker 1: I guess even when you are a deceased famous Chilam poet, 319 00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:12,119 Speaker 1: you cannot please everyone. Nope. Back in we did a 320 00:19:12,160 --> 00:19:16,080 Speaker 1: podcast about the history of domesticated cats. We talked about 321 00:19:16,080 --> 00:19:19,840 Speaker 1: the widespread belief that ancient Egyptians domesticated cats, but that 322 00:19:19,960 --> 00:19:22,239 Speaker 1: an eight thousand year old jaw bone found on the 323 00:19:22,240 --> 00:19:25,400 Speaker 1: island of Cyprus indicated that cats and people were probably 324 00:19:25,440 --> 00:19:29,280 Speaker 1: living closely together by then, not necessarily in a totally 325 00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:33,679 Speaker 1: domesticated sense, but certainly moving in that direction. So in 326 00:19:33,720 --> 00:19:36,400 Speaker 1: that past episode we did not really get into how 327 00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:39,800 Speaker 1: cats made their way to China, but for a long 328 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:42,159 Speaker 1: time that was the subject of a lot of debate. 329 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:45,679 Speaker 1: There's sort of a question where cats domesticated in China 330 00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:51,000 Speaker 1: or did people bring already domesticated cats to China from 331 00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:54,720 Speaker 1: Western Asia and the Mediterranean and about three thousand BC, 332 00:19:55,400 --> 00:19:59,439 Speaker 1: which was the first known appearance of domesticated cats in China. 333 00:20:00,359 --> 00:20:04,200 Speaker 1: And to answer that question, researchers studied five small cat 334 00:20:04,320 --> 00:20:07,720 Speaker 1: skulls and determined that all five belonged to the leopard cat, 335 00:20:08,280 --> 00:20:11,040 Speaker 1: and all date back to about thirty five hundred BC, 336 00:20:11,680 --> 00:20:14,480 Speaker 1: so earlier than visitors were known to have brought cats 337 00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:18,600 Speaker 1: to Eastern Asia. The leopard cat is a small wildcat 338 00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:21,320 Speaker 1: common to much of Eastern Asia, which just like the 339 00:20:21,359 --> 00:20:23,920 Speaker 1: species from that eight thousand year old job bone from 340 00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:27,720 Speaker 1: Cyprus lives in areas with lots of humans, so it 341 00:20:27,760 --> 00:20:30,560 Speaker 1: seems most likely that the same process that played out 342 00:20:30,560 --> 00:20:33,040 Speaker 1: in Cyprus played out in China as well, meaning that 343 00:20:33,119 --> 00:20:39,239 Speaker 1: cats were domesticated independently in both places. And we are 344 00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:42,280 Speaker 1: still not done learning things from Utsy. I don't think 345 00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:46,640 Speaker 1: we ever will be me neither. So everyone's favorite iceman 346 00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:49,520 Speaker 1: has had his DNA sequenced, his SAT two's counted, and 347 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:53,520 Speaker 1: now the contents of his stomach analyzed, and the bacteria 348 00:20:53,560 --> 00:20:57,000 Speaker 1: that we're living in there have had their DNA sequenced. 349 00:20:57,400 --> 00:21:00,240 Speaker 1: He was found to have H. Pylori back to area 350 00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:03,119 Speaker 1: in his gut, and half of all people living today 351 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:05,919 Speaker 1: having it too. This is the bacteria that in some 352 00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:10,560 Speaker 1: people causes ulcers. Some researchers have speculated that humans have 353 00:21:10,680 --> 00:21:14,119 Speaker 1: always been infected with H. Pylori, and this is certainly 354 00:21:14,160 --> 00:21:16,719 Speaker 1: a suggestion that if it wasn't always, it was at 355 00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:21,240 Speaker 1: least for a very very long time. However, Utsie's H. 356 00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:25,000 Speaker 1: Pylori is a strain more common in South Asia today, 357 00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:28,840 Speaker 1: not one that's common in Europeans. It's long been theorized 358 00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:31,400 Speaker 1: that an Asian and an African strain of the bacteria 359 00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:35,000 Speaker 1: combined to form one that is common in Europe nowadays. 360 00:21:35,080 --> 00:21:38,480 Speaker 1: So with Utsie's h. Pylori analyzed, it seems as though 361 00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:44,080 Speaker 1: that probably happened after he lived, and there's also ongoing 362 00:21:44,119 --> 00:21:48,560 Speaker 1: research into his mitochondrial DNA as well, so maybe that 363 00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:52,959 Speaker 1: will be another update to Utzi sometime in the future. 364 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:56,240 Speaker 1: We're gonna have another brief sponsor break before we get 365 00:21:56,240 --> 00:21:58,640 Speaker 1: to some things that are not updates of old episodes. 366 00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:08,359 Speaker 1: So now that we're through the updates and we are 367 00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:10,920 Speaker 1: sure more stuff will happen that will pertain to old 368 00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:13,159 Speaker 1: episodes before the end of the year. If not, I 369 00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:16,720 Speaker 1: will frankly be astonished. Here is just some other cool 370 00:22:16,760 --> 00:22:22,119 Speaker 1: assorted stuff. In February, archaeologists announced a major find in 371 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:25,480 Speaker 1: New Zealand food storage pits dating back to before the 372 00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:28,919 Speaker 1: eighteen hundreds in Pillen's Point, which is on the northern 373 00:22:28,920 --> 00:22:32,160 Speaker 1: coast of New Zealand's North Island. The site was found 374 00:22:32,200 --> 00:22:35,960 Speaker 1: during archaeological excavations in advance of roadwork, and it provides 375 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:40,040 Speaker 1: evidence of a large Maori settlement in the area. Upon 376 00:22:40,119 --> 00:22:43,600 Speaker 1: for their study, archaeologists from Heritage New Zealand found twenty 377 00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:47,840 Speaker 1: five underground food storage buildings and one above ground food 378 00:22:47,880 --> 00:22:51,520 Speaker 1: storage building, and this suggests a really large Maori settlement 379 00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:54,399 Speaker 1: that had lived in the area somewhere between two hundred 380 00:22:54,400 --> 00:22:57,960 Speaker 1: and four hundred years ago, although radio carbon dating had 381 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:02,200 Speaker 1: not been done yet to pinpoint exactly when. Archaeologists also 382 00:23:02,240 --> 00:23:06,399 Speaker 1: found pieces of obsidian and some stone ads is. The 383 00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:10,040 Speaker 1: discovery is notable because Maori food storage structures have been 384 00:23:10,080 --> 00:23:13,160 Speaker 1: found in other parts of New Zealand pretty frequently, but 385 00:23:13,280 --> 00:23:17,760 Speaker 1: not in this location. It's also notable because, in spite 386 00:23:17,800 --> 00:23:22,320 Speaker 1: of lots of effort, we don't hear that many archaeological 387 00:23:22,400 --> 00:23:27,600 Speaker 1: updates from that part of the world, or Africa or 388 00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:32,560 Speaker 1: South America or On Earth episodes tends to be pretty American, European, 389 00:23:32,880 --> 00:23:36,800 Speaker 1: some of Asia centric. Uh So I was really excited 390 00:23:36,840 --> 00:23:38,879 Speaker 1: to hear one from New Zealand because I think that 391 00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:43,119 Speaker 1: might actually be the first inclusion of New Zealand and 392 00:23:43,160 --> 00:23:46,000 Speaker 1: the entirety of On Earth episodes I had worked on. 393 00:23:46,160 --> 00:23:51,160 Speaker 1: I could be wrong. A marriage contract witnessed by Napoleon 394 00:23:51,280 --> 00:23:54,240 Speaker 1: Bonaparte and his wife Josephine, was put up for auction 395 00:23:54,400 --> 00:23:58,119 Speaker 1: on Valentine's Day in Palm Beach, Florida. The marriage was 396 00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:02,920 Speaker 1: between General August who In and Marie Jean Louise Sier. 397 00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:06,359 Speaker 1: I did not pronounce either of those names very well 398 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:10,119 Speaker 1: in terms of French. They got married on eighteen o 399 00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:12,720 Speaker 1: four in Paris, and so this was signed not long 400 00:24:12,840 --> 00:24:17,960 Speaker 1: after Napoleon declared himself emperor, but before his coronation ceremony, 401 00:24:18,040 --> 00:24:20,960 Speaker 1: and it's one of very few known documents bearing his 402 00:24:21,040 --> 00:24:25,480 Speaker 1: signature to be held in a private collection. The couple's 403 00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:28,720 Speaker 1: own marriage contract was sold at auction in two thousand 404 00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:32,800 Speaker 1: fourteen for four hundred thirty seven thousand, five hundred euros. 405 00:24:33,320 --> 00:24:36,639 Speaker 1: The expected price for this one was twenty thousand dollars, 406 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,520 Speaker 1: although we were not able to discern what it ultimately 407 00:24:39,560 --> 00:24:42,439 Speaker 1: sold for. Yeah, I I then tried to go figure 408 00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:45,879 Speaker 1: it out. And I could have called the auction house 409 00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:48,840 Speaker 1: on the phone, I guess, but I did that. The 410 00:24:48,880 --> 00:24:54,080 Speaker 1: world's oldest known case of scurvy was unearthed in Egypt 411 00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:56,040 Speaker 1: in the form of a skeleton of a one year 412 00:24:56,040 --> 00:24:59,080 Speaker 1: old child, and the skeleton dates to between thirty eight 413 00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:04,040 Speaker 1: hundred and thirties centered BC. Analysis of the bones revealed 414 00:25:04,040 --> 00:25:08,200 Speaker 1: the structural changes that are caused by scurvy typically, although 415 00:25:08,200 --> 00:25:11,119 Speaker 1: the researchers are definitely not sure what caused the vitamin 416 00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:16,040 Speaker 1: C deficiency in this particular child. One of the very 417 00:25:16,119 --> 00:25:19,080 Speaker 1: first announcements of the year, literally it came out on 418 00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:23,200 Speaker 1: January one, was about an archaeological expedition from the Institute 419 00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:27,080 Speaker 1: of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences unearthing what 420 00:25:27,160 --> 00:25:31,280 Speaker 1: appears to be Ivan the Terribles private military arsenal. The 421 00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:33,920 Speaker 1: dig was at the sight of a sixteenth century village 422 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:36,399 Speaker 1: known to be home to the Boyar family, one of 423 00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:41,880 Speaker 1: Ivan's hand picked thousand big wigs. This dig, which also 424 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:46,000 Speaker 1: excavated sixty village buildings, found a very large structure lined 425 00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:48,879 Speaker 1: with timber, and in it there were just all kinds 426 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:53,320 Speaker 1: of armor and weapons. The weapons included arrows, sabers, sabers 427 00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:56,880 Speaker 1: and col chugs, which are a type of cuirass. And 428 00:25:56,960 --> 00:25:59,919 Speaker 1: among the armor were spiked helmets used by Russian night 429 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:03,880 Speaker 1: There were supplies to including camp tents and cooking gear. 430 00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:06,960 Speaker 1: And this doesn't appear to have been a secret cash 431 00:26:07,119 --> 00:26:10,040 Speaker 1: but a warehouse meant to keep a private standing army 432 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:14,439 Speaker 1: ready to go. And on a lighter note than that, 433 00:26:14,560 --> 00:26:16,959 Speaker 1: just to wrap things up in late May, so Pretty recently, 434 00:26:17,280 --> 00:26:20,840 Speaker 1: Ars Technica picked up a story from New Scientists, uh, 435 00:26:20,840 --> 00:26:23,200 Speaker 1: and the Arts Technical win was the one that seemed 436 00:26:23,200 --> 00:26:25,320 Speaker 1: to be shared a whole lot. And this was about 437 00:26:25,359 --> 00:26:29,919 Speaker 1: the world's oldest paycheck stub. Uh. This is now housed 438 00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:32,240 Speaker 1: in the British Museum, and it's a five thousand year 439 00:26:32,240 --> 00:26:36,960 Speaker 1: old clay tablet marked in Cuneiform from Mesopotamia, detailing that 440 00:26:37,040 --> 00:26:43,280 Speaker 1: this particular worker was paid in beer. I saw that 441 00:26:43,359 --> 00:26:48,280 Speaker 1: on my Facebook wall so many times too. So that's 442 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:50,760 Speaker 1: just some of the highlights of the almost two hundred 443 00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:55,120 Speaker 1: things on our unearthed Pinterest board. We will see what 444 00:26:55,200 --> 00:26:58,520 Speaker 1: additional things are on Earth between now and the end 445 00:26:58,560 --> 00:27:03,280 Speaker 1: of the year. I can't even imagine, but I'm excited. 446 00:27:03,560 --> 00:27:07,200 Speaker 1: Maybe there will be more exciting fabric fines that would 447 00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:11,080 Speaker 1: be cool. I kept like I as as I was pinning, 448 00:27:12,440 --> 00:27:15,080 Speaker 1: I was like, we're gonna We're gonna pass where we 449 00:27:15,080 --> 00:27:17,399 Speaker 1: were for all of last year, And then I realized 450 00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:19,960 Speaker 1: we were only we were halfway through the year and 451 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,000 Speaker 1: had way more pins than last year. UH. And I 452 00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:27,480 Speaker 1: think some of that is because I keep broadening the 453 00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:30,720 Speaker 1: like the sites that I keep up with to find stuff, 454 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:34,399 Speaker 1: because I do feel like it's important to have more 455 00:27:35,400 --> 00:27:38,240 Speaker 1: more findings from more of the world than we have 456 00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:42,440 Speaker 1: typically been able to do. So that's part of it. 457 00:27:43,280 --> 00:27:45,159 Speaker 1: And a little bit of it is that sometimes I 458 00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:47,000 Speaker 1: will pin something and then I will find a better 459 00:27:47,040 --> 00:27:48,719 Speaker 1: story on it, and I will pin that one too. 460 00:27:50,440 --> 00:27:52,040 Speaker 1: But I think some of it is just that there 461 00:27:52,119 --> 00:27:55,200 Speaker 1: is a lot going on that seems interesting. And even 462 00:27:55,240 --> 00:27:58,040 Speaker 1: though there are some broad categories that I don't pin 463 00:27:58,160 --> 00:28:02,320 Speaker 1: every single one, like re single horde of Viking coins 464 00:28:02,359 --> 00:28:06,159 Speaker 1: found in Britain, like I have stopped pinning all of 465 00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:08,800 Speaker 1: those because it happens like literally all the time. I 466 00:28:08,840 --> 00:28:11,359 Speaker 1: only pined the horde of Viking coins if it's notable 467 00:28:11,359 --> 00:28:13,919 Speaker 1: in some way. But even with that, it's just that 468 00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:15,960 Speaker 1: we're overrun with things that have come out of the 469 00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:21,359 Speaker 1: ground or closets or altars or whatever. Do you also 470 00:28:21,400 --> 00:28:25,760 Speaker 1: have some listener mail for us? I do listener mails 471 00:28:25,760 --> 00:28:30,159 Speaker 1: from Sasha and so as a context. The question that 472 00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:34,200 Speaker 1: we have been asked sometimes on our Facebook is why 473 00:28:34,400 --> 00:28:37,760 Speaker 1: certain episodes are not tagged a particular way on our website, 474 00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:40,880 Speaker 1: And the answer to that is that the tags did 475 00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:46,240 Speaker 1: not exist until the website existed, uh and the web 476 00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:49,240 Speaker 1: the podcasts have been out for a while. We thought 477 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:51,880 Speaker 1: we had a bunch of podcasts before tags even existed, 478 00:28:51,960 --> 00:28:55,240 Speaker 1: and so a bunch of things are not tagged because, 479 00:28:55,480 --> 00:28:57,200 Speaker 1: like Holly and I did not work on them, and 480 00:28:57,240 --> 00:29:00,000 Speaker 1: there were not tags when those podcasts that initially came out. 481 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:02,120 Speaker 1: So it sort of led to a question of what 482 00:29:02,160 --> 00:29:05,280 Speaker 1: would you do if a listener just sent you a 483 00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:10,840 Speaker 1: bunch of tags. So, Hello Holly and Tracy. Several months ago, 484 00:29:10,920 --> 00:29:13,280 Speaker 1: I commented on one of your Facebook posts and Tracy 485 00:29:13,320 --> 00:29:16,200 Speaker 1: and I discussed the tagging system on your website. I 486 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:19,280 Speaker 1: asked if someone were to listen to all the episodes 487 00:29:19,320 --> 00:29:21,960 Speaker 1: and send you a list of possible tags for each 488 00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:24,400 Speaker 1: if that would be okay, and she insinuated that such 489 00:29:24,440 --> 00:29:32,040 Speaker 1: a list would not be turned away. Well, after several 490 00:29:32,040 --> 00:29:34,520 Speaker 1: months of devoted listening and not taking I have made 491 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:37,720 Speaker 1: up a list of the first two hundred and seventy episodes. 492 00:29:37,800 --> 00:29:40,160 Speaker 1: Actually have made a list of possible tags for all 493 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:43,640 Speaker 1: the episodes before the Holly and Tracy era, but they're 494 00:29:43,640 --> 00:29:46,120 Speaker 1: all on scrap paper scrap paper, and I'm still working 495 00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:49,280 Speaker 1: on digitizing them. I really wanted to complete the entire 496 00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:51,840 Speaker 1: catalog of pre Holly and Tracy era episodes, but the 497 00:29:51,880 --> 00:29:54,080 Speaker 1: time has gotten away from me, and I figured it 498 00:29:54,080 --> 00:29:55,920 Speaker 1: would be better to send you a partial list than 499 00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:58,320 Speaker 1: to not send it at all. So I will continue 500 00:29:58,400 --> 00:30:00,520 Speaker 1: to work on digitizing all the tags come up with 501 00:30:00,560 --> 00:30:03,360 Speaker 1: and send it your way in a hopefully timely manner. 502 00:30:03,680 --> 00:30:06,240 Speaker 1: Ha ha. I have not yet re listened to all 503 00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:08,480 Speaker 1: of the Holly and Tracy era because I wasn't sure 504 00:30:08,600 --> 00:30:10,640 Speaker 1: if you guys were in need of help with his episode, 505 00:30:10,680 --> 00:30:13,080 Speaker 1: since you have the show notes and everything on them. 506 00:30:13,120 --> 00:30:15,000 Speaker 1: If there is a need, let me know. I wouldn't 507 00:30:15,000 --> 00:30:17,800 Speaker 1: mind re listening to all those two. I haven't listed 508 00:30:17,840 --> 00:30:21,000 Speaker 1: every possible tag breach episode as I wasn't sure how 509 00:30:21,040 --> 00:30:23,480 Speaker 1: specific you wanted the tags, but hopefully it's good start 510 00:30:23,520 --> 00:30:25,920 Speaker 1: and perhaps you guys can build off them and add 511 00:30:25,960 --> 00:30:30,720 Speaker 1: more that would be appropriate. Uh. And then Sasha also 512 00:30:30,800 --> 00:30:35,800 Speaker 1: sent some some pictures of dolls. There's a doll collection 513 00:30:35,880 --> 00:30:39,160 Speaker 1: and customization hobby uh and so there was a doll 514 00:30:39,280 --> 00:30:43,000 Speaker 1: picture attached. So, first of all, thank you so much. 515 00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:45,800 Speaker 1: I think what I said, like, we had a whole 516 00:30:45,840 --> 00:30:49,400 Speaker 1: conversation about where like could you have volunteers do this? 517 00:30:49,520 --> 00:30:52,160 Speaker 1: And I said, well, in the part of a for 518 00:30:52,440 --> 00:30:55,760 Speaker 1: profit company, like a for profit company can't rely on 519 00:30:55,880 --> 00:30:58,720 Speaker 1: volunteer labor. And we had this whole back and forth, 520 00:30:58,760 --> 00:31:02,520 Speaker 1: like a philosophical philosophical debate, and it sort of came 521 00:31:02,560 --> 00:31:05,320 Speaker 1: around to, well, if somebody basically gave you a present 522 00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:08,400 Speaker 1: and the present was tags, and I was like, well, 523 00:31:09,880 --> 00:31:13,720 Speaker 1: I mean, I'd probably be really delighted to receive a 524 00:31:13,840 --> 00:31:18,360 Speaker 1: present of tags, and so has exactly what Sasha has 525 00:31:18,360 --> 00:31:21,160 Speaker 1: done here. So thank you so much. Thank you, thank you, 526 00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:22,680 Speaker 1: thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, 527 00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:26,120 Speaker 1: thank you, thank you. Um. We have not put the 528 00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:28,760 Speaker 1: tags on the website yet because we are anticipating some 529 00:31:28,880 --> 00:31:33,080 Speaker 1: forthcoming updates to the like the architecture of our website 530 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:37,320 Speaker 1: that will make it way easier to update those kinds 531 00:31:37,320 --> 00:31:39,320 Speaker 1: of things in bulk than we currently can do. So 532 00:31:39,400 --> 00:31:42,000 Speaker 1: I have these squirreled away in a safe place for 533 00:31:42,120 --> 00:31:45,200 Speaker 1: that pending change when it happens. Uh. And again, thank you, 534 00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:49,320 Speaker 1: thank you, thank you, thank you. Uh. It's so like 535 00:31:49,440 --> 00:31:52,800 Speaker 1: the we have great dreams of things to do with 536 00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:55,160 Speaker 1: with tags, and then it's the witness, just two of us. 537 00:31:55,400 --> 00:31:59,000 Speaker 1: Not all dreams come true in a timely manner, not necessarily. 538 00:31:59,120 --> 00:32:01,960 Speaker 1: And then I also I have a very quick thing 539 00:32:02,840 --> 00:32:05,320 Speaker 1: just to end on because I got this email this 540 00:32:05,360 --> 00:32:08,680 Speaker 1: morning and then I laughed so hard that I hurt myself. 541 00:32:09,120 --> 00:32:12,400 Speaker 1: It is from Jonathan who writes about our Jacobite Rebellion 542 00:32:13,080 --> 00:32:16,280 Speaker 1: podcast that just came out yesterday as of when we 543 00:32:16,320 --> 00:32:18,720 Speaker 1: are recording, and Jonathan says, I just wanted to let 544 00:32:18,720 --> 00:32:21,160 Speaker 1: you guys know that your latest podcast on the Jacobite 545 00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:24,640 Speaker 1: Rebellion Rebellion has inspired what is undoubtedly the best new 546 00:32:24,720 --> 00:32:31,520 Speaker 1: band name ever, impostor Baby and the Frances Advances. You're welcome. 547 00:32:33,320 --> 00:32:35,640 Speaker 1: I was thank you. I was hugely delighted, so thank you, 548 00:32:35,680 --> 00:32:39,240 Speaker 1: Thank you, Jonathan, Thank you again for the tags. Thank 549 00:32:39,240 --> 00:32:41,320 Speaker 1: you Jonathan for that delightful band name. If you would 550 00:32:41,320 --> 00:32:42,800 Speaker 1: like to write to us about this or any other 551 00:32:42,800 --> 00:32:46,200 Speaker 1: podcast from History podcast at how Stuffworks dot com. We're 552 00:32:46,200 --> 00:32:49,240 Speaker 1: also on Facebook, Facebook dot com slash miss in History 553 00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:51,960 Speaker 1: and on Twitter, I missed in History. Our tumbler is 554 00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:54,200 Speaker 1: missed in History dot tumbler dot com. We're on Pinterest 555 00:32:54,200 --> 00:32:56,520 Speaker 1: at pinterest dot com slash miss in History. Also our 556 00:32:56,560 --> 00:33:00,000 Speaker 1: Instagram is missing History. If you're following us on Facebook 557 00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:01,920 Speaker 1: and you've noticed that you don't seem to ever see 558 00:33:01,960 --> 00:33:05,520 Speaker 1: anything we post turn your notifications on for our page 559 00:33:05,520 --> 00:33:07,640 Speaker 1: and you will be notified when we post new stuff. 560 00:33:08,120 --> 00:33:09,680 Speaker 1: If you would like to learn more about what we 561 00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:12,320 Speaker 1: talked about today, you can come to our parent company's website, 562 00:33:12,360 --> 00:33:14,320 Speaker 1: which is how stuff Works dot com and you can 563 00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:16,800 Speaker 1: put in the word archaeology in the search part. You 564 00:33:16,800 --> 00:33:19,480 Speaker 1: will find an article about how archaeology works. If you 565 00:33:19,480 --> 00:33:21,440 Speaker 1: would like to come to our website that is missed 566 00:33:21,440 --> 00:33:23,320 Speaker 1: in History dot com, you will find the show notes 567 00:33:23,360 --> 00:33:25,200 Speaker 1: to all the episodes Holly and I have done. You 568 00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:28,400 Speaker 1: will find an archive of every episode. Ever, at some 569 00:33:28,480 --> 00:33:30,720 Speaker 1: point they will all be tagged and that will be wonderful. 570 00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:32,680 Speaker 1: So you can do all that and a whole lot more. 571 00:33:33,040 --> 00:33:35,280 Speaker 1: How stuff works dot com or missed in History dot 572 00:33:35,320 --> 00:33:42,840 Speaker 1: com for more on this and thousands of other topics 573 00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:44,200 Speaker 1: because it has stuff works dott