1 00:00:08,920 --> 00:00:11,200 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Food Stuff. I'm Anny Rees and 2 00:00:11,360 --> 00:00:15,880 Speaker 1: I'm Lauren Focalbaum, and today we're talking about licorice, which 3 00:00:15,920 --> 00:00:18,800 Speaker 1: is a thing that Annie has possibly never tasted. Possibly, 4 00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:21,840 Speaker 1: but we're gonna we're gonna rectify that. Yeah, we've got 5 00:00:21,880 --> 00:00:24,520 Speaker 1: some here in the studio with us today. We do. Yeah, 6 00:00:24,560 --> 00:00:26,680 Speaker 1: and we'll try it at the end in case it's 7 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:30,040 Speaker 1: gross and RNs everything. I don't know, who knows that 8 00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:31,680 Speaker 1: will go. That's right. Yeah. This is the first and 9 00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:34,240 Speaker 1: a few that we're recording in this session today, so 10 00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:37,839 Speaker 1: we might we might want to wait, all right, um, 11 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:39,640 Speaker 1: but but at any rate, thank you so much to 12 00:00:39,800 --> 00:00:43,680 Speaker 1: our amazing coworker Joe McCormick for suggesting this one. He, 13 00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:46,400 Speaker 1: along with Robert Lamb, the hosts of Stuff to Blow 14 00:00:46,440 --> 00:00:50,400 Speaker 1: Your Mind, have covered the weird side of licorice. Check 15 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:55,120 Speaker 1: them out in general, but perhaps especially they're Dangerous Foods series, 16 00:00:55,240 --> 00:01:00,600 Speaker 1: as food is the kind of connects. Yeah, but they do. 17 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:04,080 Speaker 1: They do a lot of great stuff, and I they 18 00:01:04,160 --> 00:01:06,319 Speaker 1: bring in a lot of bad horror movies, which I appreciate. 19 00:01:06,440 --> 00:01:08,840 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, Yeah, they've got a great Facebook live thing 20 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:11,120 Speaker 1: that they've got going on or have had. I'm not 21 00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:13,199 Speaker 1: sure if it's still continuing. This is a great side 22 00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:16,919 Speaker 1: story anyway. Licorice, So what is it? What is it? Well, okay, 23 00:01:16,959 --> 00:01:20,840 Speaker 1: first off, disambiguation. Liquorice is the name of a plant 24 00:01:21,319 --> 00:01:23,520 Speaker 1: and of a candy that may or may not be 25 00:01:23,680 --> 00:01:27,080 Speaker 1: made from the plant. Black liquorice candy often is and 26 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:31,280 Speaker 1: other colors of liquorice are generally not. Get that out 27 00:01:31,319 --> 00:01:37,360 Speaker 1: of the way right up front, licorice or as um 28 00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:40,480 Speaker 1: Lauren added in the notes liquor is with a que 29 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:44,240 Speaker 1: and you as preferred in the UK and Ireland. You 30 00:01:44,319 --> 00:01:46,960 Speaker 1: totally added that note. But I'll see I'm already like 31 00:01:47,480 --> 00:01:53,840 Speaker 1: thinking ahead to the trying of this thing. Yeah, in 32 00:01:53,880 --> 00:01:56,000 Speaker 1: a in America it's spelled l I C O R 33 00:01:56,120 --> 00:01:58,800 Speaker 1: I c E, and in many other places it's like 34 00:01:59,080 --> 00:02:03,800 Speaker 1: Q you O R I C Yes. Anyway. The scientific 35 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:09,240 Speaker 1: name is Glyceriza glabra, which is wonderful. Um. It's an 36 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:11,200 Speaker 1: herb in the pea family, and it can grow up 37 00:02:11,200 --> 00:02:13,440 Speaker 1: to a meter or about three ft, and the root 38 00:02:13,720 --> 00:02:17,880 Speaker 1: is around the same size, and it's a cinemeter in diameter. 39 00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:23,320 Speaker 1: It's harvested in the full. Glyceriza glabra is the European variety. 40 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:26,520 Speaker 1: The species that grows in Asia is your lensus, and 41 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:30,120 Speaker 1: the species from North America is Lepidoda, but in general 42 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:35,160 Speaker 1: the European species is more common. M M. It's sweet 43 00:02:35,320 --> 00:02:37,440 Speaker 1: and slightly bitter. I love that I'm saying this, even 44 00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:41,079 Speaker 1: though I have no idea. I read that. It's kind 45 00:02:41,120 --> 00:02:43,440 Speaker 1: of like um annis. Is that how you pronounced that? 46 00:02:43,600 --> 00:02:48,280 Speaker 1: I think so? Yeah, an If you've ever had that, 47 00:02:48,440 --> 00:02:52,960 Speaker 1: it's been used as a flavoring medicinally and as a candy, 48 00:02:53,160 --> 00:02:56,360 Speaker 1: and a very divisive candy at that. I have one 49 00:02:56,400 --> 00:02:57,840 Speaker 1: friend too. When I told her I was doing this, 50 00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:05,560 Speaker 1: she said why, quite angrily, Oh that's amazing. Yeah. Tarragon 51 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:09,760 Speaker 1: tastes similar to and these plants, along with stuff like camphor, 52 00:03:10,120 --> 00:03:14,000 Speaker 1: contain a compound called antithole, which is what gives them 53 00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:17,560 Speaker 1: this herbal pike and bitter sort of flavor. Other plants 54 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:20,960 Speaker 1: like fennel and basil, which have similar notes, contain the 55 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: related compound estragole or estrogol. Either one. Licorice has the 56 00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:28,919 Speaker 1: addition though, of a sort of tingle, almost like mint 57 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 1: or benthal or eucalyptus. And a fun side note, um 58 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:36,240 Speaker 1: Anthol is what makes liquors like pastis an absentthe go 59 00:03:36,480 --> 00:03:39,560 Speaker 1: cloudy when you add water. It's it's highly soluble in 60 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:42,240 Speaker 1: alcohol and less so in water, so it sort of 61 00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:44,120 Speaker 1: beads up. It makes the drink look a kind of 62 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:48,120 Speaker 1: foggy when you up the water content cool. To get 63 00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:51,360 Speaker 1: the candy or that like hiable stick form of it, anyway, 64 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:54,440 Speaker 1: you grind down and dry out the roots, You boil them, 65 00:03:54,880 --> 00:03:58,440 Speaker 1: and then you process the resulting juice. This paste or 66 00:03:58,480 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: a liquor or extract is then sold to a number 67 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:03,760 Speaker 1: of industries that do stuff with the grish Traditionally, in 68 00:04:03,760 --> 00:04:06,240 Speaker 1: the Dutch version of candy making, you dry the juice 69 00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:08,920 Speaker 1: in molds to make block licorice, which is sold to 70 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 1: candy companies, usually wrapped to this day in bay leaves, 71 00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:15,680 Speaker 1: where it's processed. Even more, the compound that makes liquorice 72 00:04:15,720 --> 00:04:21,320 Speaker 1: sweet is glycerizing. Um. This only occurs naturally in naturally 73 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:24,440 Speaker 1: high levels anyway, in liquorice, and it's fifty times sweeter 74 00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:28,359 Speaker 1: than sugar. Yeah. Yeah. Powdered liquorice can have anywhere from 75 00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:34,000 Speaker 1: four to glycerizing, probably switching back and forth in pronunciation, 76 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:37,599 Speaker 1: but whatever it is, I like it. Um for the 77 00:04:37,600 --> 00:04:40,640 Speaker 1: two entries. Between seventeen hundred and nineteen hundred, the spelling 78 00:04:40,680 --> 00:04:45,080 Speaker 1: of the que was preferred, but American writers ditched it um. 79 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:47,960 Speaker 1: The Greek word that the scientific name comes from means 80 00:04:48,120 --> 00:04:52,760 Speaker 1: sweet root and and maologically speaking, the word licorice comes 81 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:57,679 Speaker 1: straight from the Greek glyceriza or glickerrisa. At some point 82 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 1: the Latin words shifted from glicera isa to liquoricia, probably 83 00:05:02,360 --> 00:05:05,840 Speaker 1: influenced by the process of extracting that sweet slash bitter 84 00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:10,840 Speaker 1: juice or liquor from the root. And people in the 85 00:05:10,880 --> 00:05:16,760 Speaker 1: Netherlands love liquorice. We're talking an average of four pounds 86 00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:20,760 Speaker 1: a year per person. It accounts for of all candies 87 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:23,839 Speaker 1: sold there. The liquorice candy industry in the country made 88 00:05:23,839 --> 00:05:27,440 Speaker 1: over one point four billion US dollars in two thousand eight, 89 00:05:27,920 --> 00:05:31,160 Speaker 1: which is about one third of all liquorice candy production 90 00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:34,800 Speaker 1: in the European Union. Sales that year were about one 91 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 1: and eighty five million. And there are dozens upon dozens 92 00:05:39,400 --> 00:05:44,000 Speaker 1: of varieties of drope as it's called, including the notorious 93 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:47,200 Speaker 1: slash popular devil salted. Lauren brought up to me right 94 00:05:47,240 --> 00:05:49,240 Speaker 1: before we started recording. Yeah, yeah, a little bit like 95 00:05:49,279 --> 00:05:52,880 Speaker 1: salted caramels. Not it's not for everyone. Not for everyone? 96 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:57,720 Speaker 1: Is it for you? Not? Really? Not really? Okay, flavors 97 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:00,080 Speaker 1: isn't the only source of variety or either. You can 98 00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:03,360 Speaker 1: get all kinds of shapes, from shoe lace to herring. 99 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:07,599 Speaker 1: It's also still used there as a throat lozenge. Popular 100 00:06:07,640 --> 00:06:11,640 Speaker 1: brands of liquorice include Good and Plenty and Twizzlers in 101 00:06:11,680 --> 00:06:13,720 Speaker 1: the US, and we'll talk about that more later. Lauren 102 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:16,080 Speaker 1: tells me there's a big difference between black licorice and 103 00:06:16,120 --> 00:06:20,440 Speaker 1: red licorice Panda and Europe and cugabarra in Australia. There 104 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:23,480 Speaker 1: there's such a difference between black licorice and red licorice. 105 00:06:23,520 --> 00:06:27,320 Speaker 1: There's no actual actual liquorice plant or flavor involved in 106 00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:30,599 Speaker 1: red liquorice. It's usually some kind of ambiguous and artificial 107 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:35,520 Speaker 1: strawberry or raspberry or cherry type flavoring, uh like sweet 108 00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:38,440 Speaker 1: with a tiny bit of acid zing to it. It's 109 00:06:38,440 --> 00:06:41,480 Speaker 1: in the same chewy form factor as black liquorice candy, 110 00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:48,000 Speaker 1: but that is where the similarities end. Okay, well, um, 111 00:06:48,120 --> 00:06:52,920 Speaker 1: The flavor of licorice is often used to quote make 112 00:06:52,960 --> 00:06:55,720 Speaker 1: the medicine go down by covering up the taste of 113 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:59,800 Speaker 1: medicines like cough syrups. Sometimes the plant itself is you 114 00:07:00,200 --> 00:07:03,599 Speaker 1: to treat peptic ulcers as a home remedy around the 115 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:06,240 Speaker 1: world that's used medicinally for all sorts of things. So 116 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:09,479 Speaker 1: many things you wouldn't I mean, we couldn't even list 117 00:07:09,520 --> 00:07:12,160 Speaker 1: how many things it would take up the whole podcast. 118 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:17,000 Speaker 1: But but here's a few. Um, there's stomach issues, inflammation, 119 00:07:17,200 --> 00:07:23,160 Speaker 1: Addison's disease, manopause a, sto arthritis, just to make lupus, malaria, tuberculosis, 120 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:27,960 Speaker 1: food poisoning, chronic fatigue syndrome, bronchitis, and infections. The combination 121 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:31,120 Speaker 1: of licorice and peony is sometimes taken to increase fertility 122 00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:35,600 Speaker 1: for women who have polycystic ovarian symndrome or picos. It's 123 00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:38,840 Speaker 1: mixed with other herbs. Some people use it to treat 124 00:07:38,880 --> 00:07:43,600 Speaker 1: the symptoms of prostate cancer and eczema. Licorice is even 125 00:07:43,680 --> 00:07:46,840 Speaker 1: sometimes use a shampoo to make oily hair less oily, 126 00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:50,320 Speaker 1: or some people use it as a gel to stop 127 00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:53,920 Speaker 1: bleeding or via i V to treat hippatitis B or C. 128 00:07:54,840 --> 00:07:57,480 Speaker 1: There's a lot, Yeah, there's a lot going on, and 129 00:07:57,600 --> 00:07:59,680 Speaker 1: there's We're gonna have a little bit more about that 130 00:07:59,800 --> 00:08:02,120 Speaker 1: at the towards the towards the end of the episode. 131 00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:07,400 Speaker 1: But uh, that's certainly what it's used for. Yeah, yes, 132 00:08:07,760 --> 00:08:10,040 Speaker 1: how how effective it actually is is sort of up 133 00:08:10,080 --> 00:08:13,200 Speaker 1: for debate, right. The flavor is also often used in 134 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:16,720 Speaker 1: tobacco products. In fact, the majority of liquorice consumer products 135 00:08:16,760 --> 00:08:20,120 Speaker 1: are tobacco related, which I had like a lightbulb moment 136 00:08:20,120 --> 00:08:22,480 Speaker 1: earlier during research. Maybe this is why some of the 137 00:08:22,560 --> 00:08:26,200 Speaker 1: traditional shapes of black liquorice candy have been tobacco related, 138 00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:29,360 Speaker 1: like cigarettes and cigars and pipes. You're right, I didn't 139 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:31,960 Speaker 1: think about that. I definitely was really fond of black 140 00:08:32,320 --> 00:08:35,439 Speaker 1: black liquorish pipes when I was when I was a 141 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:37,640 Speaker 1: little girl. Was just like a shaped pipe. Yeah, just 142 00:08:37,640 --> 00:08:40,080 Speaker 1: shaped like a like a little smoking pipe, and pretend 143 00:08:40,200 --> 00:08:41,839 Speaker 1: that you were like, I don't think so. I think 144 00:08:41,880 --> 00:08:46,120 Speaker 1: I just ate it anyway. So it's also fairly common 145 00:08:46,120 --> 00:08:49,520 Speaker 1: in alcohol, salt drinks, chewing gum, and apparently during the 146 00:08:49,559 --> 00:08:52,040 Speaker 1: fasting month of Ramadan, in the form of a liquorice 147 00:08:52,080 --> 00:08:56,199 Speaker 1: drink called eric SEUs. In the US, the Food and 148 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:59,800 Speaker 1: Drug Administration has bestowed liquorice with the generally recognized as 149 00:09:00,640 --> 00:09:03,160 Speaker 1: g R a S designation so that it can be 150 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:07,320 Speaker 1: used as a food additive. In Germany, liquorice has been 151 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:10,840 Speaker 1: approved with some conditions as a treatment for peptic ulcers, 152 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:15,560 Speaker 1: but but indeed some medical guidelines suggests you don't exceed 153 00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:19,120 Speaker 1: more than five grams a day. Pregnant women are advised 154 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:23,360 Speaker 1: not to ingest liquorice as it might might induce early 155 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:28,240 Speaker 1: delivery or miscarriage. Research suggested take about two grams a week, 156 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:30,640 Speaker 1: so I mean you had to be having a lot 157 00:09:30,640 --> 00:09:33,920 Speaker 1: of liquorice if you're reast feeding. Liquorice isn't recommended either. 158 00:09:34,040 --> 00:09:38,280 Speaker 1: People with heart disease, hormone sensitive conditions, high blood pressure, hypertonia, 159 00:09:38,360 --> 00:09:42,319 Speaker 1: low levels of potassium, kidney disease, an orrexia, or erectile 160 00:09:42,360 --> 00:09:46,440 Speaker 1: dysfunction are also not advised to have any liquorice. Um 161 00:09:46,679 --> 00:09:48,720 Speaker 1: are not a lot of liquorice anyway. Also, if you 162 00:09:48,760 --> 00:09:51,520 Speaker 1: have a surgery coming up, you're advised not to eat 163 00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:56,040 Speaker 1: liquorice in large amounts. Two weeks prior, the European Union 164 00:09:56,120 --> 00:09:59,680 Speaker 1: put forth a provisional daily limit of one milligrams of 165 00:09:59,679 --> 00:10:04,720 Speaker 1: liquor a day in Welle medical paper we use for research. 166 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:07,760 Speaker 1: Ended with this quote, we aim to send a warning 167 00:10:07,800 --> 00:10:10,200 Speaker 1: message that liquorice is not just a candy and that 168 00:10:10,360 --> 00:10:15,760 Speaker 1: serious life threatening complications can occur with excess use more 169 00:10:15,800 --> 00:10:17,839 Speaker 1: intensity than perhaps we thought we would get out of 170 00:10:17,840 --> 00:10:20,920 Speaker 1: the liquorice episode, even as intense as it already is, 171 00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:25,920 Speaker 1: very much so uh so. Yeah, liquorice is one of 172 00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:27,920 Speaker 1: the few things that we have covered on this show 173 00:10:28,040 --> 00:10:32,559 Speaker 1: that has been used medicinally and has absolutely statistically significant 174 00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:37,240 Speaker 1: medical effects. More on that later, Yeah, but for now, 175 00:10:37,360 --> 00:10:40,200 Speaker 1: let's get into some history. But before we get into that, 176 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:42,920 Speaker 1: let's take a quick break for a word from our sponsor, 177 00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:58,040 Speaker 1: and we're back, Thank you, sponsor. Liquorice as a very long, 178 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:02,360 Speaker 1: storied history, especially in the asinally ancient China, Greece, and 179 00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:05,800 Speaker 1: Egypt used it as a remedy for all sorts of 180 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:09,760 Speaker 1: things as well, but primarily for respiratory and stomach aments. 181 00:11:09,840 --> 00:11:14,360 Speaker 1: It's native to what's now the Mediterranean, Southern and Central Russia, 182 00:11:14,640 --> 00:11:18,840 Speaker 1: Asia Minor, through Iran and North America, and everywhere that 183 00:11:18,920 --> 00:11:22,840 Speaker 1: it grows. It has been used as a medicine. Liquorice 184 00:11:22,920 --> 00:11:26,560 Speaker 1: root and a whole whole bunch of it was found 185 00:11:26,559 --> 00:11:30,320 Speaker 1: in the tomb of King Tuta Common perhaps better known 186 00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:33,040 Speaker 1: as King tut here to Say, who ruled in Egypt 187 00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:38,760 Speaker 1: from thirty two to three b C. According to some sources, 188 00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:44,600 Speaker 1: the Egyptians believed it to be and Yep, and King 189 00:11:44,720 --> 00:11:49,199 Speaker 1: tut Ate some before asking his future Cream's hand in marriage. 190 00:11:49,679 --> 00:11:52,840 Speaker 1: The ancient Egyptians would consume liquorice as a sweet drink, 191 00:11:52,960 --> 00:11:57,920 Speaker 1: sometimes called my sous, for ceremonies honoring the spirits of pharaohs. 192 00:11:57,960 --> 00:12:00,880 Speaker 1: It was a non alcoholic drink, probably tasting something like 193 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:05,200 Speaker 1: watered down molasses an herbal bitter water down molasses. Yeah, 194 00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:10,120 Speaker 1: and it's still enjoyed in Egypt. A scientist in Iceland 195 00:12:10,160 --> 00:12:13,680 Speaker 1: discovered a sample of liquorice from seven fifty six that 196 00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:19,680 Speaker 1: retained its medical properties. Uh. Yeah. The army of Alexander 197 00:12:19,760 --> 00:12:23,320 Speaker 1: the Great used liquorice as a thirst quencher. This is 198 00:12:23,360 --> 00:12:25,720 Speaker 1: one of the most interesting things I find about liquorice. 199 00:12:26,200 --> 00:12:30,520 Speaker 1: Hippocrates suggested it for sore throats and injuries, Celsus suggested 200 00:12:30,559 --> 00:12:33,800 Speaker 1: it to treat kidney stones, and the second century CE. 201 00:12:33,880 --> 00:12:36,760 Speaker 1: In the third and fourth century CE, Theophrostis followed suit 202 00:12:36,800 --> 00:12:39,199 Speaker 1: advising the use of liquorice for asthma and other non 203 00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:43,720 Speaker 1: productive coughing as well as for thirst. Um and some 204 00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:46,800 Speaker 1: of his writings, he claimed that the Scythians survived without 205 00:12:46,880 --> 00:12:50,480 Speaker 1: water for twelve days twelve days by chewing on liquorice. 206 00:12:50,559 --> 00:12:55,240 Speaker 1: Root I'm dubious, Yeah, okay. Fifth century CE medical author 207 00:12:55,320 --> 00:12:59,400 Speaker 1: Marcellus Empiricus prescribed liquorice for ailments ranging from stomach to 208 00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:02,439 Speaker 1: renal to pulmonary to back pain. Our old friend planning 209 00:13:02,520 --> 00:13:05,640 Speaker 1: the elders seconded are by now it's like ninths um 210 00:13:05,720 --> 00:13:08,079 Speaker 1: liquorice is worth for asthma and thirst, but added that 211 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:11,160 Speaker 1: it could be useful also for hunger or for sterility 212 00:13:11,240 --> 00:13:16,720 Speaker 1: in women. Outside of Europe, China use liquors for medical 213 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:19,920 Speaker 1: reasons too, as far back as the first Chinese medical 214 00:13:19,960 --> 00:13:25,319 Speaker 1: dispensaries reference to the roots healing abilities. Chinese pharmacists considered 215 00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:27,880 Speaker 1: it be the highest class of drug and used it 216 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:32,520 Speaker 1: for skin conditions, coughing, and as an anti inflammatory. Liquorice 217 00:13:32,559 --> 00:13:35,080 Speaker 1: also popped up in ira vetic medicine as a treatment 218 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:41,160 Speaker 1: for ocular diseases, ulcers, arthritis, and constipation. It could do everything. 219 00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:46,880 Speaker 1: Flemish author Jacob van marlins thirteenth century CE Encyclopedia of 220 00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:49,960 Speaker 1: Natural History included a recommendation to use liquorice as a 221 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:54,440 Speaker 1: respiratory and cough curative. One medical manual out of Europe 222 00:13:54,480 --> 00:13:56,720 Speaker 1: in the Middle Ages called for a mixture of liquorice 223 00:13:56,760 --> 00:14:03,200 Speaker 1: and snails yep, snails as an aid for scrophulous glands. Uh. 224 00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:06,559 Speaker 1: These are the lymph nodes that were associated with tuberculosis. 225 00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:12,480 Speaker 1: Generally snails. Yeah, snails with your licorice. When Europeans are 226 00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:15,160 Speaker 1: turned from the Crusades and the hundreds, they brought with 227 00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:19,440 Speaker 1: them liquorice and the practices of using it medicinally and 228 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:24,040 Speaker 1: monks really took to liquorice's restorative powers and helped spread 229 00:14:24,080 --> 00:14:27,520 Speaker 1: its use. During the Renaissance in South Europe, a liquorice 230 00:14:27,560 --> 00:14:31,360 Speaker 1: t was believed to act as a blood purifier. In England, 231 00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:34,000 Speaker 1: manufacturers got the idea to add another believed to be 232 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:38,680 Speaker 1: natural superhalio that we've talked about before, honey to liquorice. Yeah. 233 00:14:38,880 --> 00:14:41,840 Speaker 1: An English monastery became somewhat famous for the stamp disc 234 00:14:41,960 --> 00:14:47,160 Speaker 1: of liquorice called Pontefract Kicks in sixteen fourteen, or pointer kicks. 235 00:14:47,200 --> 00:14:50,960 Speaker 1: I read in some places, local chemist George Dunhell got 236 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:53,440 Speaker 1: the idea to add sugar to liquorice and make these 237 00:14:53,480 --> 00:14:57,680 Speaker 1: things in fifteen sixty two. Once sugar became more available 238 00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:01,280 Speaker 1: and thus cheaper, it was added to the pointer cakes, 239 00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:08,040 Speaker 1: and then it increased demand by far, because sugar is great. Yeah, terrible, 240 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:11,960 Speaker 1: are terrible? Yes. To this day, Pontified England still churns 241 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:15,800 Speaker 1: these out, sold internationally by Harry Bow. Is that how 242 00:15:15,840 --> 00:15:18,160 Speaker 1: you would pronounce that? I've always said hair Bow? And 243 00:15:18,160 --> 00:15:22,080 Speaker 1: then I realized that I've just alway said Harribow. But 244 00:15:22,120 --> 00:15:26,800 Speaker 1: I don't think that either of those. Oh, let us know, folks, Um, 245 00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:30,200 Speaker 1: however you say, horrid Bows sells them internationally, and they 246 00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:33,400 Speaker 1: have an annual liquorice festival, and Pontifact England with a 247 00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:37,200 Speaker 1: liquorice queen who may or may not dress in liquorice clothes. Boy, 248 00:15:37,200 --> 00:15:40,640 Speaker 1: I hope someone has pictures of that. According to a 249 00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:42,920 Speaker 1: medical paper I read, the ingestion of pointer cakes has 250 00:15:42,960 --> 00:15:46,560 Speaker 1: resulted in several reported cases of hypocli limia, low blood 251 00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:51,960 Speaker 1: potassium levels wrapped the mayolysis, rapid destruction of skeletal muscle 252 00:15:52,640 --> 00:15:57,120 Speaker 1: and tetra paresis weakness or paralysis in all four limbs. 253 00:15:57,800 --> 00:16:00,640 Speaker 1: So m hmm. Pointer cakes may have been one of 254 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:04,840 Speaker 1: liquorice's first phase and sick infection, but the increased access 255 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:07,720 Speaker 1: and lower price point of sugar helped liquorice transition into 256 00:16:07,840 --> 00:16:11,080 Speaker 1: the candy industry. By the late Middle Ages in Europe, 257 00:16:11,160 --> 00:16:15,840 Speaker 1: molded liquorice pastiles were relatively easy to find. The liquorice 258 00:16:15,840 --> 00:16:17,560 Speaker 1: tubes and ropes are thought to have come out of 259 00:16:17,600 --> 00:16:21,440 Speaker 1: Holland in the early sixteen hundreds. With the technological improvements 260 00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:25,480 Speaker 1: of candy making brought about by the Industrial Revolution, licorice 261 00:16:25,520 --> 00:16:28,800 Speaker 1: was one of the first mass produced candies. It is 262 00:16:28,840 --> 00:16:31,760 Speaker 1: one of the many food products that's produced by extrusion. 263 00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:35,360 Speaker 1: That is, a dough is pushed through a mold and 264 00:16:35,400 --> 00:16:39,280 Speaker 1: then cut into individual pieces on the other side. In 265 00:16:39,320 --> 00:16:41,880 Speaker 1: the case of liquorice, that dough is made of sugar, 266 00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:47,800 Speaker 1: glatinized glutinous wheat, flour, flavoring, coloring, and modern ly stabilizers 267 00:16:47,800 --> 00:16:51,560 Speaker 1: to help with the preservation and texture and ease of manufacture. 268 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:56,240 Speaker 1: The popularity and ubiquity of liquorice flavored candy made by 269 00:16:56,240 --> 00:16:59,400 Speaker 1: this process is how the term liquorice eventually came to 270 00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:03,920 Speaker 1: be known as like a generic chewy extruded candy term 271 00:17:03,920 --> 00:17:08,359 Speaker 1: with or without actual liquorice root being involved. Yep. A 272 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:12,160 Speaker 1: medical treatise from sixteen fifty seven mentions children drinking water 273 00:17:12,240 --> 00:17:15,160 Speaker 1: sweetened with liquorice, juice and perhaps one of the earliest 274 00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:19,160 Speaker 1: forms of soft drinks. Charles Dickens later called this drink 275 00:17:19,280 --> 00:17:22,720 Speaker 1: intoxicating fluid, and a little bit later in the mid 276 00:17:22,800 --> 00:17:28,080 Speaker 1: nineteenth century, it was known as sugar. Ally, as Ingo 277 00:17:28,160 --> 00:17:32,879 Speaker 1: settlers made their way to America, so too did liquorice, candies, recipes, 278 00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:38,280 Speaker 1: and medicinal uses. In the eight hundreds, Napoleon reportedly chewed 279 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:41,000 Speaker 1: on so much liquors for his digestive issues that it 280 00:17:41,080 --> 00:17:44,840 Speaker 1: turned his teeth black. In the eighteen seventies, the first 281 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:48,359 Speaker 1: major liquorice factory opened in the United States and began 282 00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:52,879 Speaker 1: producing extracts for the tobacco, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The 283 00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:57,200 Speaker 1: Quaker City Confectionery Company out of Philadelphia pushed out good 284 00:17:57,200 --> 00:18:01,600 Speaker 1: in plenty in eight which makes it America's oldest branded candy. 285 00:18:03,640 --> 00:18:09,040 Speaker 1: Young and Smiley was established in Brooklyn in eighteen seventy, 286 00:18:09,080 --> 00:18:15,400 Speaker 1: they changed their trademark to YenS yep that that I've 287 00:18:15,440 --> 00:18:17,800 Speaker 1: never heard of them, but I'm guessing a lot of 288 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:21,119 Speaker 1: you have. They emerged together with two other companies in 289 00:18:21,200 --> 00:18:25,399 Speaker 1: nineteen o two to form the National Liquorice Company. They 290 00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:28,439 Speaker 1: opened a small Montreal factory in nineteen o eight, but 291 00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:30,960 Speaker 1: it wasn't until ninety nine they gave us a brand 292 00:18:31,040 --> 00:18:35,600 Speaker 1: that I do recognize, Twizzler. The only flavor of Twizzlers 293 00:18:35,640 --> 00:18:38,919 Speaker 1: at the time, though, was the traditional black liquorice. Around 294 00:18:38,960 --> 00:18:42,520 Speaker 1: that time, American liquorice came in just a ton of 295 00:18:42,640 --> 00:18:45,720 Speaker 1: really delightful shapes. Uh, I'm going to read you a 296 00:18:45,720 --> 00:18:50,480 Speaker 1: long list. Here we go, big piece, giant bar, fluted bar, brick, 297 00:18:50,760 --> 00:18:56,600 Speaker 1: electric light wires, flexible sticks, whips, cigarettes, navy plugs, triple 298 00:18:56,680 --> 00:19:01,439 Speaker 1: tunnel tubes, golf sticks, blowpipes, pan pipe, curved stem pipes, 299 00:19:01,800 --> 00:19:08,840 Speaker 1: large cigars, fluted tubes, subway tunnels, eagle twists, monster tubes, liquorice, gems, 300 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:14,240 Speaker 1: Crown pretzels, Teddy Bear cigars, scadoo bars, and Jersey tunnels, 301 00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:20,320 Speaker 1: Jersey tons. Questions, but we must move on. During World 302 00:19:20,359 --> 00:19:23,880 Speaker 1: War One, both French and Turkish soldiers were issued liquorice 303 00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:27,280 Speaker 1: as part of their rations. Meanwhile, in the States, the 304 00:19:27,320 --> 00:19:31,440 Speaker 1: American Liquorice Company opened in Chicago in nineteen fourteen, at 305 00:19:31,480 --> 00:19:35,360 Speaker 1: first making black liquorice twists and then slowly expanding into 306 00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:38,320 Speaker 1: other shapes for their candy. They bought a defunct liquorice 307 00:19:38,359 --> 00:19:41,200 Speaker 1: company in San Francisco in the nineteen twenties and thus 308 00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:44,640 Speaker 1: expanded to the West coast. As of the nineteen thirties, 309 00:19:44,680 --> 00:19:48,320 Speaker 1: the US was importing thirty five thousand tons of liquorice 310 00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:52,320 Speaker 1: root per year from Spain and Italy. They used the 311 00:19:52,359 --> 00:19:56,320 Speaker 1: liquid extract and candy, medicine, and tobacco products. Whatever was 312 00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:59,080 Speaker 1: left was snatched up by beer brewers, and that's because 313 00:19:59,119 --> 00:20:03,399 Speaker 1: the liquorice has foaming properties. Um Adding the extract to 314 00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:07,800 Speaker 1: the brewing process gave the beer more foamy head. Beer 315 00:20:07,960 --> 00:20:12,520 Speaker 1: was not the only industry interested in liquorice extracts foaming properties, 316 00:20:12,560 --> 00:20:16,960 Speaker 1: So were the manufacturers of fire extinguishers. Before the invention 317 00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:22,159 Speaker 1: of chemical extinguishers, we used oxygen free foaming liquorice extinguishers. 318 00:20:22,760 --> 00:20:25,760 Speaker 1: Mm hmmm. The leftover fibers from the root or used 319 00:20:25,760 --> 00:20:29,359 Speaker 1: to make boxes and wall installation, so you might be 320 00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:34,720 Speaker 1: getting your liquorice in a box made from Yeah. In 321 00:20:34,800 --> 00:20:38,399 Speaker 1: the nineteen fifties, the aforementioned American Liquorice Company released what 322 00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:40,679 Speaker 1: would turn out to be the sleeper hit of the 323 00:20:40,760 --> 00:20:45,000 Speaker 1: candy industry, twisted vines of candy with the same chew 324 00:20:45,119 --> 00:20:50,399 Speaker 1: as their black liquorice, but flavored instead with raspberry. And yes, 325 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:55,360 Speaker 1: this is the origin of red vines. Yes, those red 326 00:20:55,440 --> 00:21:00,199 Speaker 1: vine according to the Hershey website. After Neil Armstrong his 327 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:03,919 Speaker 1: famous proclamation, you know, one small step from one giantly 328 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:07,080 Speaker 1: for mankind, he said, I can go for some Twizzlers 329 00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:10,800 Speaker 1: right now. Seems like there is some dispute about the 330 00:21:10,880 --> 00:21:15,439 Speaker 1: validity of this, but fun nonetheless claim to make if 331 00:21:16,119 --> 00:21:19,400 Speaker 1: it's not true, right, Yeah, Either way, he still wasn't 332 00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:21,439 Speaker 1: talking about the Twizzlers that most of us in the 333 00:21:21,440 --> 00:21:24,520 Speaker 1: States note today. They still only came in that original 334 00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:29,560 Speaker 1: black liquorice flavor and would until in nineteen seventy seven, 335 00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:33,120 Speaker 1: her She snapped the brand Twizzlers up, and they began 336 00:21:33,160 --> 00:21:37,679 Speaker 1: expanding into other flavors of similarly shaped and textured candy, 337 00:21:37,800 --> 00:21:42,280 Speaker 1: including the current most popular strawberry. During that decade, American 338 00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:46,680 Speaker 1: liquorice company was also expanding their flavors to include grape, 339 00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:51,320 Speaker 1: purple vines, peppermint green vines, and chocolate vines not called 340 00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:56,560 Speaker 1: brown vines, okay, to be specific to specific chocolate vines. 341 00:21:58,040 --> 00:22:01,680 Speaker 1: Twizzler Plant in Lancaster, Sylvania broke the Guinness World Record 342 00:22:02,080 --> 00:22:06,200 Speaker 1: for our longest liquorice twist with a twelve hundred foot 343 00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:15,360 Speaker 1: or three and one pounds. Yeah. The company apparently today 344 00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:19,359 Speaker 1: produces a million miles worth of Twizzlers every year, which, 345 00:22:19,720 --> 00:22:21,840 Speaker 1: in case you're counting, is enough to circle the Earth 346 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:28,159 Speaker 1: more than four times. Oh wow, man. When I was 347 00:22:28,160 --> 00:22:31,000 Speaker 1: a kid, I love those twists and pills those I did. 348 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:33,520 Speaker 1: I I was mad that they weren't just regular strawberry 349 00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:36,600 Speaker 1: Twizzler flavored though I love the filling and I'm pretty 350 00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:38,480 Speaker 1: sure it was horrendous for you and that's why you 351 00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:42,760 Speaker 1: can't get them and learn anymore. But I love them. Yeah. 352 00:22:42,760 --> 00:22:44,560 Speaker 1: There was a lot of like weird goo candy in 353 00:22:44,600 --> 00:22:47,280 Speaker 1: the nineties and two thousand's that I don't think. I 354 00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:52,040 Speaker 1: don't think it was okay, no, no do impart to 355 00:22:52,200 --> 00:22:57,159 Speaker 1: the East Coast versus West Coast rivalry of Hershey's and 356 00:22:57,359 --> 00:23:01,679 Speaker 1: the American liquorice company. There is this huge and hilarious 357 00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:06,359 Speaker 1: divide among folks who prefer twizzlers to red vines and 358 00:23:06,520 --> 00:23:10,120 Speaker 1: vice versa. Both sides basically just say that the other 359 00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:15,080 Speaker 1: tastes like eating stale plastic. I would argue that probably 360 00:23:15,119 --> 00:23:18,399 Speaker 1: they both do, but just in slightly separate ways, you know, 361 00:23:18,400 --> 00:23:23,919 Speaker 1: a little oh Man like a Somalia for plastic. I 362 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:26,720 Speaker 1: guess twizzlers disease coast, right, because I've never even heard 363 00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:30,320 Speaker 1: of red vines. Oh yeah, yeah, they also tend to. 364 00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:33,480 Speaker 1: When they come in their bulk form, red vines are 365 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:35,679 Speaker 1: not individually wrapped, so they go a little bit stale 366 00:23:35,720 --> 00:23:37,440 Speaker 1: or a little bit quicker, which some people like, but 367 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:39,959 Speaker 1: some people, I don't know. It's very if you if 368 00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:42,600 Speaker 1: you want to read up on the debate about this, like, 369 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:47,080 Speaker 1: just google it and you will be treated to many, many, 370 00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:51,119 Speaker 1: many think pieces. I love how people have such strong 371 00:23:51,280 --> 00:23:57,720 Speaker 1: and like solid backed up arguments for such small kind 372 00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:01,280 Speaker 1: of opinion, really taste things. Yeah, I love it. Yeah, 373 00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:06,000 Speaker 1: it's pretty huge. All right, Well that is the history bit. Yeah, 374 00:24:06,040 --> 00:24:08,880 Speaker 1: we need to talk about some of that that health stuff. 375 00:24:09,960 --> 00:24:13,040 Speaker 1: But first one more quick break for a word from 376 00:24:13,080 --> 00:24:26,240 Speaker 1: our sponsor and we're back. Thank you sponsor. Yes, thank you, 377 00:24:26,760 --> 00:24:36,280 Speaker 1: so Annie. Can I overdose on licorice? Kind of? Oh yeah, 378 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:43,359 Speaker 1: what I would take a lot in liquorice made some 379 00:24:43,480 --> 00:24:46,240 Speaker 1: headlines from the f d A, the Food and Jug 380 00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:49,840 Speaker 1: Administration here in the US, released a warning about eating 381 00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,920 Speaker 1: too much of it and that doing so could make 382 00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:57,080 Speaker 1: you ill or even kill you. Yeah. The potential issue 383 00:24:57,200 --> 00:25:00,520 Speaker 1: here stems from that glycerrizen, the calm town that gives 384 00:25:00,560 --> 00:25:04,920 Speaker 1: liquorice the sweet flavor. It also can alter levels of potassium. 385 00:25:05,400 --> 00:25:08,280 Speaker 1: Low levels of potassium can give you high blood pressure, 386 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:13,320 Speaker 1: lethargy and swelling or heart rhythm abnormalities and congestive heart failure. UM. 387 00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:16,480 Speaker 1: It can also cause you to re uptake sodium into 388 00:25:16,520 --> 00:25:20,680 Speaker 1: your system, which can not help with the swelling issue. Right. Yeah, 389 00:25:20,760 --> 00:25:25,560 Speaker 1: all of it not good. However, you'd have to eat 390 00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:28,800 Speaker 1: quite a bit of liquorice to land you in this position. 391 00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:31,520 Speaker 1: For an adult over forty and good health, it take 392 00:25:31,560 --> 00:25:35,399 Speaker 1: a daily dose daily dose of two ounces over a 393 00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:38,920 Speaker 1: period of two weeks to landing in the hospital. UM. 394 00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:42,880 Speaker 1: The FDA generally recommends not eating large amounts of liquorice. UM. 395 00:25:43,960 --> 00:25:48,880 Speaker 1: For you, two people out there that are like, yeah, 396 00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:52,119 Speaker 1: I know, I know. Those two people definitely have some 397 00:25:52,280 --> 00:25:56,640 Speaker 1: very big liquorice frands. That's great. Well, you should tell 398 00:25:56,720 --> 00:25:58,560 Speaker 1: them to listen to this and make sure they're not 399 00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:01,000 Speaker 1: gonna end up in the US it all. If you 400 00:26:01,119 --> 00:26:04,679 Speaker 1: foresee to stuff your face with liquorice, just fight these warnings. Um. 401 00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:07,040 Speaker 1: And you start to notice your muscles aren't co operating 402 00:26:07,119 --> 00:26:09,440 Speaker 1: or your heart is doing weird things, call a doctor 403 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:14,280 Speaker 1: immediately and stop eating the liquorice until you get things sorted. 404 00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:17,959 Speaker 1: If you're taking any medications or supplements, do some research 405 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:21,159 Speaker 1: and make sure the glacizon won't make them go all screwy. 406 00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:25,080 Speaker 1: And I'd like to point out, but this sticulation by 407 00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:28,720 Speaker 1: the FDA was issued the night before Halloween. They know, 408 00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:31,480 Speaker 1: they know what's going on. Know what's if this is 409 00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:34,640 Speaker 1: terrible news to you and do your love affair with liquorice. 410 00:26:35,359 --> 00:26:38,280 Speaker 1: One thing to keep in mind is that plenty, plenty 411 00:26:38,520 --> 00:26:42,440 Speaker 1: of the commercially available black licorice candies don't actually have 412 00:26:42,560 --> 00:26:44,960 Speaker 1: liquorish in them or like not much anyway, Like they're 413 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:49,200 Speaker 1: like one point five to maybe liquorice. Yeah, they're flavored 414 00:26:49,280 --> 00:26:53,639 Speaker 1: with annis instead so don't despair, You've got options. Also, 415 00:26:53,800 --> 00:26:58,560 Speaker 1: researchers are experimenting with removing the glacizon from liquorice extract, 416 00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:02,440 Speaker 1: which has been shown to have fewer negative effects. Yeah, 417 00:27:03,080 --> 00:27:07,560 Speaker 1: but hey, that's not all. Nope, nope. Glycison has even 418 00:27:07,680 --> 00:27:12,480 Speaker 1: been found to interfere with organ transplants. A study with 419 00:27:12,600 --> 00:27:16,120 Speaker 1: rats in Taiwan found this active ingredient in liquorice can 420 00:27:16,200 --> 00:27:20,640 Speaker 1: inhibit the body's uptake of cyclistsporing, which is an immunosuppressant 421 00:27:20,720 --> 00:27:24,040 Speaker 1: that's prescribed to people who have recently received organ transplants 422 00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:26,680 Speaker 1: to you know, prevent their bodies from rejecting the new organ. 423 00:27:27,280 --> 00:27:30,160 Speaker 1: It's also prescribed in cases of arthritis and some skin 424 00:27:30,280 --> 00:27:32,840 Speaker 1: conditions and other diseases in which the immune system is 425 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,680 Speaker 1: attacking parts of your body for some dumb reason and 426 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:41,000 Speaker 1: just needs to calm down. So inhibiting its uptake means 427 00:27:41,119 --> 00:27:43,560 Speaker 1: that the condition you're taking it for could get worse, 428 00:27:45,119 --> 00:27:47,800 Speaker 1: like up to when including your body could potentially reject 429 00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:51,680 Speaker 1: a new organ. So like don't eat liquorage products on 430 00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:54,240 Speaker 1: top of that type of medication or as any said, 431 00:27:54,280 --> 00:27:57,360 Speaker 1: like maybe any medication, like consult your doctor or ask 432 00:27:57,480 --> 00:28:00,280 Speaker 1: the Internet about drug interactions because there are a bunch 433 00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:07,120 Speaker 1: of them, there are also some maybe benefits. Yeah, as 434 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:10,679 Speaker 1: in many cases on this show. Uh, the the answer 435 00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:15,200 Speaker 1: to whether or not this food item has medical benefits 436 00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:19,080 Speaker 1: is that it's complicated. More research needs to be done. Uh. 437 00:28:19,520 --> 00:28:23,840 Speaker 1: Glyceterizing has been tested as a treatment for controlling the 438 00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:28,240 Speaker 1: virus and the complications of hepatitis. In some trials, it 439 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:30,480 Speaker 1: seems that it can help in patients who don't respond 440 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:34,080 Speaker 1: well to conventional treatments, but in others it doesn't seem 441 00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:38,960 Speaker 1: to have any effect. Similarly, topical liquorice extract may help 442 00:28:39,320 --> 00:28:42,520 Speaker 1: to alleviate symptoms of skin rashes like swelling, it chicken 443 00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:47,800 Speaker 1: redness from conditions like eczema or not. One study in 444 00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:51,120 Speaker 1: mice found that it can help prevent infection of topical 445 00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:56,200 Speaker 1: burns by helping to boost production of antimicrobial proteins M 446 00:28:57,000 --> 00:29:01,880 Speaker 1: but that's just one study. In glacizing can selectively kill 447 00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:06,800 Speaker 1: cancer cells, so it might help with cancer treatments or not. 448 00:29:08,920 --> 00:29:12,880 Speaker 1: Taken orally, it may help prevent cavities, mouth and stotach ulcers, 449 00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:19,160 Speaker 1: and oral yeast infections or not. What a candy could well, 450 00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:24,520 Speaker 1: Mostly the extra that makes once you introduced the candy. Mom, 451 00:29:24,560 --> 00:29:27,120 Speaker 1: I've got to eat this candy. It's very important. It's 452 00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:29,600 Speaker 1: going to keep my tea from It's not going to 453 00:29:29,680 --> 00:29:31,960 Speaker 1: turn in black like Napoleon. No, it's gonna be chill. 454 00:29:33,400 --> 00:29:36,680 Speaker 1: Glacerizing can also serve as an anti irritant and anti 455 00:29:36,760 --> 00:29:41,120 Speaker 1: inflammatory in the throat when gargled, which can help soothe 456 00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:47,880 Speaker 1: coughs huh or not okay, And it can even interact 457 00:29:47,960 --> 00:29:52,160 Speaker 1: with some hormonal functions due to its influence on on 458 00:29:52,280 --> 00:29:55,160 Speaker 1: the levels of cortisol that wind up in your bloodstream, 459 00:29:55,440 --> 00:29:58,560 Speaker 1: and thus has been shown to help some people who 460 00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:02,320 Speaker 1: have Addison's does ease and to help patients lose weight 461 00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:12,640 Speaker 1: or not. Okay, Well, so a lot of like m maybe. Yeah. Basically, 462 00:30:12,760 --> 00:30:14,240 Speaker 1: what I'm saying here is that you know, if you 463 00:30:14,320 --> 00:30:18,240 Speaker 1: like eating liquorice, then do that. If you have strong 464 00:30:18,320 --> 00:30:22,040 Speaker 1: feelings about liquorice as as a like home remedy, then 465 00:30:22,840 --> 00:30:27,440 Speaker 1: use it in small amounts and it's probably not gonna hurt. Yeah, 466 00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:31,200 Speaker 1: if you're gonna use it in large amounts, probably don't 467 00:30:31,200 --> 00:30:33,239 Speaker 1: do that. A but but be like, first of all, 468 00:30:33,320 --> 00:30:35,400 Speaker 1: check with your doctor about any medications that you're taking, 469 00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:38,760 Speaker 1: because I've seen all kinds of potential complications like oral 470 00:30:38,840 --> 00:30:43,960 Speaker 1: contraceptives because of the hormona things. So yeah, it's I 471 00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:47,400 Speaker 1: it's very complicated. No one knows really what's going on there. 472 00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:52,440 Speaker 1: We don't have enough information. Liquorice if it wasn't illegal 473 00:30:52,560 --> 00:30:55,200 Speaker 1: and very shady, I would love to get in on 474 00:30:55,240 --> 00:30:58,280 Speaker 1: a conversation with somebody who needs to talk to their 475 00:30:58,360 --> 00:31:04,000 Speaker 1: doctor about how much liquorice eating like I have. I 476 00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:06,000 Speaker 1: have all this liquorice I want to eat per day. 477 00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:10,360 Speaker 1: Is there going to be a problem here? I need 478 00:31:10,480 --> 00:31:14,080 Speaker 1: my daily five ounces. I just I don't want to 479 00:31:14,160 --> 00:31:17,280 Speaker 1: give it up, but I needed to check with you, 480 00:31:17,600 --> 00:31:20,760 Speaker 1: what's what's going to happen? Doc? How many doctors have 481 00:31:20,840 --> 00:31:23,240 Speaker 1: had to deal with liquorice questions? I want to know. 482 00:31:23,800 --> 00:31:27,640 Speaker 1: Probably more in the Netherlands than over here, probably, but 483 00:31:28,280 --> 00:31:34,000 Speaker 1: you let's let's try one. Oh yeah, are you sure? Yeah? 484 00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:38,640 Speaker 1: I think it time excellent. I got this from the 485 00:31:38,720 --> 00:31:43,320 Speaker 1: candy shot downstairs. It says old fashioned liquorice drops and 486 00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:45,520 Speaker 1: yeah these are a hard candy, not a not a 487 00:31:45,640 --> 00:31:53,080 Speaker 1: chewy candy. Real m hmm, yeah, that's liquorice favor. Yeah, 488 00:31:53,720 --> 00:32:02,840 Speaker 1: that's fine. That's wine. Yeah, I don't. I don't. I 489 00:32:02,840 --> 00:32:04,400 Speaker 1: wouldn't like seek it out, but I don't mind it. 490 00:32:05,360 --> 00:32:08,720 Speaker 1: I hope that this was worth the build up everyone, 491 00:32:12,120 --> 00:32:17,760 Speaker 1: which brings us to listen. Okay, so this first one 492 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:23,000 Speaker 1: is from someone I'm really hope. I'm pronouncing your name quicktly, Marika, 493 00:32:23,800 --> 00:32:27,000 Speaker 1: but there's a J in there, so I think this 494 00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:29,680 Speaker 1: is right, she wrote in response to our chocolate episode, 495 00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:32,880 Speaker 1: I come from Clousa County and northern California, which is 496 00:32:32,920 --> 00:32:36,560 Speaker 1: a very rural agricultural area. When you mentioned that chocolate 497 00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:39,160 Speaker 1: may make your furry friends sick, I was reminded that 498 00:32:39,240 --> 00:32:42,400 Speaker 1: some people put dark chocolate Hershey Bars out as coyote bait. 499 00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:45,800 Speaker 1: The unsuspecting coyotes think they found a delicious snack but 500 00:32:45,880 --> 00:32:49,600 Speaker 1: instead get poison. Oh my goodness. Yeah. People usually do 501 00:32:49,720 --> 00:32:52,160 Speaker 1: this when they're live stock are pets are being harassed 502 00:32:52,320 --> 00:32:55,840 Speaker 1: or eaten by said coyotes. On an unrelated and brighter note, 503 00:32:55,880 --> 00:32:59,080 Speaker 1: Calousa County is the heart of California rice country. Rice 504 00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:01,600 Speaker 1: is not only in important food stable, but it's an 505 00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:04,840 Speaker 1: essential habitat for migrating waterfowl like ducks, geese, and swans. 506 00:33:05,280 --> 00:33:08,760 Speaker 1: Before European settlement. The Central Valley in California contained at 507 00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:11,600 Speaker 1: least four million acres of wetlands and was a crucial 508 00:33:11,680 --> 00:33:15,600 Speaker 1: part of waterfowl migration as it provided food and a 509 00:33:15,640 --> 00:33:18,560 Speaker 1: place to rest their wings. Because farmers grow rice and 510 00:33:18,640 --> 00:33:22,320 Speaker 1: water for wheat suppression, rice fields mimic the wetlands that 511 00:33:22,360 --> 00:33:25,080 Speaker 1: were lost to human development. These fields are critical for 512 00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:28,560 Speaker 1: many other animals as well, including frogs and crawdad slash 513 00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:31,200 Speaker 1: crayfish to name a couple, just a couple of tidbits 514 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:34,680 Speaker 1: from a farm gal to you, thank you, yeah, thank you, 515 00:33:34,760 --> 00:33:38,240 Speaker 1: reasoning coyotes with the chocolate. I would not have thought 516 00:33:38,280 --> 00:33:42,320 Speaker 1: of it, me neither, but excellent Noel wrote in about 517 00:33:42,360 --> 00:33:45,520 Speaker 1: our fork episode, I wanted to share some stuff my 518 00:33:45,680 --> 00:33:48,200 Speaker 1: dad learned in his hometown in the Philippines when he 519 00:33:48,280 --> 00:33:52,000 Speaker 1: was in grade school. During American imperialism, children were being 520 00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:54,680 Speaker 1: taught how to eat with a fork and knife instead 521 00:33:54,680 --> 00:33:58,680 Speaker 1: of using fingers, with the following rhyme, come little katabal, 522 00:33:58,760 --> 00:34:02,200 Speaker 1: Come my catabawa, my catabell talks. My catapell eats with 523 00:34:02,280 --> 00:34:06,000 Speaker 1: a knife and fork MHM. The political cartoon depictions of 524 00:34:06,160 --> 00:34:10,239 Speaker 1: barbaric Filipinos during American imperialism makes me laugh. Because of 525 00:34:10,280 --> 00:34:13,640 Speaker 1: the influence of Spanish culture, some Filipinos viewed brash Americans 526 00:34:13,640 --> 00:34:17,120 Speaker 1: as barbaric because of their lack of European etiquette. Fingers 527 00:34:17,200 --> 00:34:19,319 Speaker 1: are most commonly used when food is spread out over 528 00:34:19,360 --> 00:34:21,839 Speaker 1: a banana leaf. For plated dishes, we tend to use 529 00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:24,120 Speaker 1: a fork to shovel the food into the spoon that 530 00:34:24,239 --> 00:34:27,240 Speaker 1: we then eat from. The technique helps get the rice, condiment, 531 00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:30,040 Speaker 1: and piece of the main dish into one bite. Many 532 00:34:30,080 --> 00:34:32,759 Speaker 1: Filipino foods are boiled and soupy things with rice, which 533 00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:35,040 Speaker 1: would be difficult to get everything with a fork in 534 00:34:35,120 --> 00:34:37,880 Speaker 1: one bite. In my family, we rarely cut meat with 535 00:34:37,920 --> 00:34:40,760 Speaker 1: a knife because it's been boiled tender. Instead, we sometimes 536 00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:43,120 Speaker 1: cut with the spoon flipped sideways, with the inner part 537 00:34:43,160 --> 00:34:47,160 Speaker 1: of the spoon facing you. Wow, so much more to 538 00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:49,480 Speaker 1: how we eat and what we used to eat than 539 00:34:50,800 --> 00:34:54,239 Speaker 1: I think at first at first glance, at first thought, 540 00:34:54,280 --> 00:34:57,680 Speaker 1: at first at first think. And I have an update 541 00:34:57,719 --> 00:35:00,440 Speaker 1: on a liquorice. Yeah, because it's a hard candy, so 542 00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:03,719 Speaker 1: still there. I spit mine out like a long time 543 00:35:03,760 --> 00:35:06,680 Speaker 1: and as she did, but I'm soldered on and it's 544 00:35:06,680 --> 00:35:09,719 Speaker 1: got kind of a soapy, bittery thing going on. Yeah, 545 00:35:09,840 --> 00:35:12,680 Speaker 1: I still don't mind it, but I can see why. 546 00:35:13,080 --> 00:35:15,560 Speaker 1: I can see why some people would very much not 547 00:35:15,680 --> 00:35:17,239 Speaker 1: like it is the soapy factory that you're not a 548 00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:22,239 Speaker 1: fan of it, Like, yeah, yeah, the soapy bit and 549 00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:24,759 Speaker 1: it's it's like sticking in the back of my throat 550 00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:28,640 Speaker 1: in a strange way. I definitely kind of feels medicinal. 551 00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:30,960 Speaker 1: And I don't know if that's because it's used in 552 00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:34,239 Speaker 1: so many medicines or if I think it's used in 553 00:35:34,320 --> 00:35:37,080 Speaker 1: so many medicines because it tastes that medicinal like all 554 00:35:37,160 --> 00:35:39,520 Speaker 1: on its own. Yeah, Like this is so gross that 555 00:35:39,600 --> 00:35:43,160 Speaker 1: it must it must be working. When we first started 556 00:35:43,320 --> 00:35:46,000 Speaker 1: researching this, I felt like we were a medical podcast 557 00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:49,000 Speaker 1: all of a sudden. Anyway, those are my thoughts on 558 00:35:49,160 --> 00:35:51,759 Speaker 1: like Krish, this was our liquorice episode. Thank you to 559 00:35:51,960 --> 00:35:53,960 Speaker 1: both of them for writing in. You can write us 560 00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:56,640 Speaker 1: as well. Our email address is food Stuff at how 561 00:35:56,680 --> 00:35:58,960 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. We're also in social media. You 562 00:35:59,000 --> 00:36:02,040 Speaker 1: can find us on Facebook and Twitter at food Stuff 563 00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:04,799 Speaker 1: hs W. You can also find us on Instagram at 564 00:36:04,880 --> 00:36:08,000 Speaker 1: food stuff. Thank you so much to our amazing producer, 565 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:11,719 Speaker 1: Dylan Fagan. Thanks to you for listening, and we hope 566 00:36:11,760 --> 00:36:13,839 Speaker 1: that lots more good things are coming your way.