1 00:00:02,800 --> 00:00:07,280 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, Podcasts, radio News. 2 00:00:08,760 --> 00:00:11,960 Speaker 2: Hi Wanha here, I'm excited to bring you a conversation 3 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:14,800 Speaker 2: we had in Singapore earlier this week in front of 4 00:00:14,840 --> 00:00:18,680 Speaker 2: a live audience. This conversation has been edited and condensed. 5 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:24,040 Speaker 2: Hope you enjoy it. Hello everyone, welcome to the special 6 00:00:24,160 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 2: edition of The Big Take Asia the US China Rivalry 7 00:00:27,880 --> 00:00:30,520 Speaker 2: in the Trump Era. It's only been, if you can 8 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:34,520 Speaker 2: believe it, eight weeks since US President Donald Trump took 9 00:00:34,560 --> 00:00:39,440 Speaker 2: office again, and we've been confronted with a slew of 10 00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:42,800 Speaker 2: executive orders and policy moves that have royaled markets and 11 00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:45,880 Speaker 2: stemied businesses. And of course a lot of these moves, 12 00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:51,240 Speaker 2: especially those focused on trade, have serious ramifications here in Asia, 13 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:56,320 Speaker 2: and they've dramatically increased this competition between the US and China. 14 00:00:56,480 --> 00:00:58,720 Speaker 2: To help us unpack how this is playing out for 15 00:00:58,760 --> 00:01:02,480 Speaker 2: the two economic super and the world, please help me 16 00:01:02,560 --> 00:01:06,920 Speaker 2: welcome a great panel speakers to the stage. So we've 17 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:11,240 Speaker 2: got with us Nancy Cook, who is senior national political correspondent, 18 00:01:11,319 --> 00:01:14,479 Speaker 2: who joins us from Washington, d C. And John lou 19 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:18,479 Speaker 2: who oversees Bloomberg's Greater China coverage based in Beijing. We've 20 00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:22,039 Speaker 2: got Tim O'Brien Bloomberg Opinions Senior executive editor based in 21 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:25,040 Speaker 2: New York, and next to him Shuley Wrenn. She's the 22 00:01:25,080 --> 00:01:28,480 Speaker 2: Bloomberg Opinion columnist who covers markets in China out of 23 00:01:28,520 --> 00:01:31,479 Speaker 2: Hong Kong. Tim, by the way, is also the author 24 00:01:31,560 --> 00:01:33,959 Speaker 2: of Trump Nation, The Art of Being the Donald, and 25 00:01:33,959 --> 00:01:36,840 Speaker 2: he's fantastic stories that he's been telling us about his 26 00:01:36,920 --> 00:01:41,360 Speaker 2: time with Donald. Welcome to Singapore, you guys. Well, since 27 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:44,600 Speaker 2: we're in Singapore and food is such a big element 28 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:47,120 Speaker 2: of the culture, right, we love the Hawker centers. I 29 00:01:47,200 --> 00:01:49,720 Speaker 2: think this very first question is appropriate to this place. 30 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:54,880 Speaker 2: If US China relations were dish, what dish would it be? 31 00:01:57,600 --> 00:01:59,000 Speaker 2: Let me start with Shuley down there. 32 00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:03,800 Speaker 3: I guess I have to star wars Harpot. Everybody is 33 00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:07,000 Speaker 3: at a table. One guest didn't ask everyone else and 34 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:10,160 Speaker 3: turn on the heat, and that you have spices splattered 35 00:02:10,280 --> 00:02:13,520 Speaker 3: everywhere on everyone's face. This is what I think of 36 00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:14,480 Speaker 3: very appropriate. 37 00:02:14,800 --> 00:02:15,200 Speaker 2: Tim. 38 00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:17,960 Speaker 4: I don't know if sweet and sour pork is an 39 00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:20,640 Speaker 4: American idea of what a good Chinese dish is, so 40 00:02:20,760 --> 00:02:23,160 Speaker 4: I might be stepping on my American toes and bring 41 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:25,240 Speaker 4: this up, but I think sweet and sour pork is 42 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:28,040 Speaker 4: useful because I think a strategy for dealing with Donald 43 00:02:28,080 --> 00:02:31,440 Speaker 4: Trump is, whether you're looking at trade or diplomacy, is 44 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 4: are you sweet with him? Or are you sour with him? 45 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:37,160 Speaker 4: And I think people have learned over the years that 46 00:02:37,240 --> 00:02:39,280 Speaker 4: you get a little more out of him with sweetness 47 00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:43,840 Speaker 4: than with being sour, even though he gives other countries 48 00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:46,680 Speaker 4: and diplomats and investors a lot of reasons to be sour. 49 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:50,160 Speaker 2: Very nice, thank you, very tasty insights. I think this 50 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:52,000 Speaker 2: is also a good time to take you behind the 51 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:55,560 Speaker 2: scenes of how we produce the podcast every week. So 52 00:02:55,600 --> 00:03:02,480 Speaker 2: we're going to cue up the music. Let's go. Welcome 53 00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:05,560 Speaker 2: to the Big Take Asia from Bloomberg News. I'm Wanha. 54 00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:07,960 Speaker 2: Every week we take you inside some of the world's 55 00:03:07,960 --> 00:03:11,920 Speaker 2: biggest and most powerful economies and the markets, tycoons and 56 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:16,079 Speaker 2: businesses that drive this ever shifting region. Today in the show, 57 00:03:16,360 --> 00:03:20,480 Speaker 2: live from Singapore, the US China rivalry in the Trump era. 58 00:03:21,040 --> 00:03:24,120 Speaker 2: How are Trump's policies playing out in Asia? And is 59 00:03:24,160 --> 00:03:27,239 Speaker 2: the US creating a vacuum for power and influence on 60 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:33,880 Speaker 2: the world stage that allows China to step up? Nancy, 61 00:03:33,919 --> 00:03:35,920 Speaker 2: I want to start with you to get some perspective 62 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:39,240 Speaker 2: because you have sat down with Donald Trump in mar 63 00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:41,440 Speaker 2: A Lago for a one on one interview, and you've 64 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:45,320 Speaker 2: covered him since twenty fifteen. What's different this time around, 65 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:48,119 Speaker 2: you think when it comes to the US China relationship 66 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:49,160 Speaker 2: and rivalry. 67 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:52,280 Speaker 1: So I think President Trump this time is a much 68 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:55,040 Speaker 1: more sort of self assured and confident leader than he 69 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:57,480 Speaker 1: was when he first came into office. He has a 70 00:03:57,560 --> 00:04:00,760 Speaker 1: much better understanding of the levers of power in the 71 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:03,960 Speaker 1: United States and how to use them. And I think 72 00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:07,200 Speaker 1: people have been surprised that he is acting and moving 73 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:10,800 Speaker 1: so quickly. I think he has very firmly held beliefs 74 00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:14,080 Speaker 1: on things like trade, and then is more ideologically flexible 75 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:17,560 Speaker 1: on things like what the Chinese relationship looks like. Ultimately, 76 00:04:18,080 --> 00:04:20,719 Speaker 1: what I'm watching, particularly in China is that I still 77 00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:22,920 Speaker 1: think he has He always likes to have a team 78 00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:26,080 Speaker 1: of rivals around him a little bit on different policy areas. 79 00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:29,760 Speaker 1: So there's sort of advisors, economic advisors competing to have 80 00:04:29,800 --> 00:04:32,760 Speaker 1: his ear on trade, and they have competing agendas. And 81 00:04:32,800 --> 00:04:34,800 Speaker 1: the same is true of foreign policy. There is not 82 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:37,280 Speaker 1: one person that's going to be in charge of setting 83 00:04:37,279 --> 00:04:39,680 Speaker 1: the course for what the US China relationship looks like 84 00:04:40,200 --> 00:04:43,400 Speaker 1: there's different foreign policy people competing, whether that's the Secretary 85 00:04:43,400 --> 00:04:46,760 Speaker 1: of State Marco Rubio or the National Security Advisor of 86 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:49,760 Speaker 1: Mike Waltz. And so everybody is trying to jockey and 87 00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: find their place, and that will be very influential as 88 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:55,719 Speaker 1: they think about how to approach China and whatever they're 89 00:04:55,760 --> 00:04:56,320 Speaker 1: going to do there. 90 00:04:56,560 --> 00:04:58,960 Speaker 2: Yeah, and I think that's also a great starting point 91 00:04:58,960 --> 00:05:02,040 Speaker 2: to also talk about itself. And I mean, if Trump 92 00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:04,880 Speaker 2: is different this time around, how is she president? She 93 00:05:04,920 --> 00:05:05,520 Speaker 2: also different? 94 00:05:05,880 --> 00:05:10,359 Speaker 5: The difference now is president She and China are in 95 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:13,080 Speaker 5: a different position. The economy is in a weaker position, 96 00:05:13,800 --> 00:05:17,200 Speaker 5: there are more headwinds, there's the property market. So I 97 00:05:17,240 --> 00:05:20,680 Speaker 5: think Beijing is trying to act in a more considered way, 98 00:05:20,880 --> 00:05:24,839 Speaker 5: where maybe in the first term there was wolf warrior diplomacy. 99 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:27,520 Speaker 5: I think there is an effort to be more measured 100 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:30,200 Speaker 5: in its response. I mean, the ultimate question that I 101 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:32,159 Speaker 5: think everybody in Beijing is trying to figure out is 102 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:34,520 Speaker 5: what does President Trump want? 103 00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:38,839 Speaker 2: Yeah, certainly that's what we've seen so far. Tim in DC, 104 00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:41,680 Speaker 2: in New York in the US, do people understand what 105 00:05:41,720 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 2: Trump is trying to achieve? I mean, you spent time 106 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:46,680 Speaker 2: with him. What is a sense of the endgame here 107 00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:47,960 Speaker 2: from what we've seen so far. 108 00:05:48,760 --> 00:05:51,000 Speaker 4: You know, it was interesting, Juan, when you were giving 109 00:05:51,040 --> 00:05:53,880 Speaker 4: the introduction and you said, it's only been eight weeks, 110 00:05:53,920 --> 00:05:56,880 Speaker 4: but it seems like eight years. Because I think that's 111 00:05:56,920 --> 00:06:01,560 Speaker 4: a universal reaction to this, for flurry of activity from Trump, 112 00:06:01,600 --> 00:06:04,360 Speaker 4: wherever you are, and I think for people who are 113 00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:07,600 Speaker 4: feeling confused about it, or threatened by it, or just 114 00:06:07,640 --> 00:06:10,960 Speaker 4: wondering where it's headed. I think it's useful to try 115 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:14,000 Speaker 4: to put all of that in context. A meaningful portion 116 00:06:14,080 --> 00:06:17,320 Speaker 4: of it is performative. Trump prides himself on being a 117 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:21,200 Speaker 4: man of action and a disruptor. He is typically not. 118 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:23,919 Speaker 4: He doesn't put his hands on the steering wheel. His 119 00:06:24,080 --> 00:06:28,360 Speaker 4: trade policies are not coming from a sophisticated place, that 120 00:06:28,520 --> 00:06:31,839 Speaker 4: is not coming from an understanding of how markets or 121 00:06:31,839 --> 00:06:37,080 Speaker 4: economies or business growth develop. It is a blunt tool 122 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:42,040 Speaker 4: that he thinks he can use to repatriate manufacturing back 123 00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:43,039 Speaker 4: to the United States. 124 00:06:43,520 --> 00:06:46,320 Speaker 2: Well, we've seen certainly a lot of zigzagging on trade 125 00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:48,320 Speaker 2: and tariffs, so of course were the first thing that 126 00:06:48,320 --> 00:06:52,000 Speaker 2: Trump jumped on, and Trump is now talking about imposing 127 00:06:52,080 --> 00:06:56,760 Speaker 2: broad reciprocal tariffs and additional sector specific tariffs April second. 128 00:06:56,839 --> 00:06:59,480 Speaker 2: That's just a few weeks away. Truly, when you look 129 00:06:59,520 --> 00:07:02,599 Speaker 2: at this through China's lens, I mean, Trump is obviously 130 00:07:02,680 --> 00:07:05,440 Speaker 2: using what some people call this weaponized uncertainty right to 131 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:09,920 Speaker 2: bring businesses to closer to what he wants. Is China 132 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:10,600 Speaker 2: buying any of that? 133 00:07:11,560 --> 00:07:15,200 Speaker 3: I think China has realized that the US Trump is 134 00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:18,760 Speaker 3: serious about rebalancing the economy. I mean, before it worked 135 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:22,360 Speaker 3: very well, right, US is the big consumer, China is 136 00:07:22,400 --> 00:07:25,960 Speaker 3: the big producer. China sells products into the US and 137 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:28,679 Speaker 3: then with the trade surplus day in turn by US treasures. 138 00:07:28,760 --> 00:07:31,200 Speaker 3: It worked very well. And Trump just doesn't want that. 139 00:07:31,400 --> 00:07:34,200 Speaker 3: He wants the US society to be more producers based. 140 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:37,600 Speaker 3: And for China, they have realized that is done deal, 141 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:40,160 Speaker 3: and what they're trying to do these days is to 142 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:43,920 Speaker 3: turn China into a more consumer based economy. We all 143 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,080 Speaker 3: know Chinese consumers don't spend, right, and they're trying to 144 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:51,000 Speaker 3: encourage consumers to spend or if they still try to 145 00:07:51,240 --> 00:07:53,280 Speaker 3: produce and sell, they will try to sell to the 146 00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:55,720 Speaker 3: global self. So that's what they've been trying to do. 147 00:07:56,200 --> 00:07:59,559 Speaker 2: But in the end, can these stear ups really break 148 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:02,280 Speaker 2: Chinese grip on manufacturing at this point truly. 149 00:08:03,040 --> 00:08:06,000 Speaker 3: You know, there was no doubt China was a manufacturing powerhouse. 150 00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:09,640 Speaker 3: You look at like all the ev makers bid this year, 151 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:13,440 Speaker 3: they're putting the autonomous driving technology into the cards without 152 00:08:13,480 --> 00:08:16,120 Speaker 3: raising price. It's not just the price point. It's not 153 00:08:16,240 --> 00:08:19,520 Speaker 3: that Chinese products are cheap, they're just more useful. But 154 00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:22,960 Speaker 3: the narrative a year or two ago was like, basically, 155 00:08:23,360 --> 00:08:26,480 Speaker 3: there is a new technological upgrade called AI, and the 156 00:08:26,680 --> 00:08:30,200 Speaker 3: China is being locked out. So the next decade forward, 157 00:08:30,440 --> 00:08:31,040 Speaker 3: China will. 158 00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:31,400 Speaker 2: Not get that. 159 00:08:31,880 --> 00:08:34,880 Speaker 3: And what we're seeing with deep Seek is that actually 160 00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:36,400 Speaker 3: China is not being locked down. 161 00:08:36,640 --> 00:08:37,920 Speaker 5: And then it's not just AI. 162 00:08:38,040 --> 00:08:42,400 Speaker 3: They're talking also about robotics, bringing AI features into robotics, 163 00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:46,240 Speaker 3: and I think US has a lot of things to 164 00:08:46,440 --> 00:08:49,160 Speaker 3: catch up on. And also like a lot of Chinese 165 00:08:49,200 --> 00:08:52,160 Speaker 3: companies think that this is a great opportunity. That Trump 166 00:08:52,320 --> 00:08:56,320 Speaker 3: is distracted and unfocused, and Elon Musk is also in focused. 167 00:08:56,360 --> 00:08:58,800 Speaker 3: I mean does he even run Tesla anymore? Right? And 168 00:08:58,960 --> 00:09:01,599 Speaker 3: BID is coming in. Shall me used to be a 169 00:09:01,679 --> 00:09:04,480 Speaker 3: Spark film maker and now they are making pretty high 170 00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:07,839 Speaker 3: end electric vehicles and the smartphones. They are taking on 171 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:12,040 Speaker 3: Tesla and the Apple, so a lot of Chinese companies 172 00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:14,800 Speaker 3: actually think this is an opportunity. So then tim is 173 00:09:15,120 --> 00:09:18,120 Speaker 3: this whole focus on bringing back manufacturing to the US. 174 00:09:18,559 --> 00:09:19,840 Speaker 3: Is that a bit shortsighted? 175 00:09:20,880 --> 00:09:23,880 Speaker 4: I mean, I think when you ask about what's his endgame, 176 00:09:24,320 --> 00:09:27,400 Speaker 4: has this mercant dealist view of how economies function and 177 00:09:27,559 --> 00:09:30,160 Speaker 4: how political power is wielded. You know, I think it's 178 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:32,240 Speaker 4: always a mistake to talk about what Trump's strategy is 179 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:35,520 Speaker 4: because he's not a strategic thinker. He's emotional, he's visceral, 180 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:38,439 Speaker 4: but he has very clear goals and I think essentially 181 00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:41,280 Speaker 4: what they are right now is an economic hegemony for 182 00:09:41,320 --> 00:09:44,720 Speaker 4: the US and political hegemony for himself. So I think 183 00:09:44,760 --> 00:09:46,800 Speaker 4: one of the reasons he's dangerous politically in the United 184 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:49,880 Speaker 4: States is he's trying to undermine institutions in the US 185 00:09:49,960 --> 00:09:53,120 Speaker 4: that would be checks on his own political hegemony, the courts, 186 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:58,360 Speaker 4: the media, universities, is political opponents. And then he've views 187 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:01,559 Speaker 4: political agemony as the US having its own defined sphere 188 00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:04,959 Speaker 4: of influence that is essentially the Americas, and he doesn't 189 00:10:04,960 --> 00:10:09,319 Speaker 4: want Europe or China interfering with that, and so he 190 00:10:09,360 --> 00:10:11,800 Speaker 4: will latch onto any tools that allow him to get there. 191 00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:14,320 Speaker 4: And then I think, you know, in terms of Trump himself, 192 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:18,160 Speaker 4: he enjoys creating chaos because it keeps his audience and 193 00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:20,640 Speaker 4: his opponents back on their heels, and it allows him 194 00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:23,040 Speaker 4: to be in control of the narrative. I've covered Trump 195 00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:26,839 Speaker 4: since nineteen ninety in various forms, and I was with 196 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:29,760 Speaker 4: him at mar A Lago once. We golfed together and 197 00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:32,920 Speaker 4: we came off the course and he had a brand 198 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:35,440 Speaker 4: new yellow Ferrari in the driveway, and he looked at 199 00:10:35,480 --> 00:10:36,599 Speaker 4: me and he said, do you want to go for 200 00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:38,920 Speaker 4: a ride in it together? And I said sure. So 201 00:10:39,120 --> 00:10:40,960 Speaker 4: we hop in the car and it had a paddle 202 00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:42,560 Speaker 4: shifters on the steering wheel that he didn't know how 203 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 4: to use. So he was grinding the gears out on 204 00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:47,840 Speaker 4: the car, on this four hundred and fifty thousand dollars 205 00:10:47,920 --> 00:10:50,439 Speaker 4: car as we drove to downtown Palm Beach, and we 206 00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:53,240 Speaker 4: pulled up to a stoplight and the windows of the 207 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:55,079 Speaker 4: car were all dark, and so no one could see 208 00:10:55,080 --> 00:10:56,760 Speaker 4: who was in the car. And when we stopped at 209 00:10:56,800 --> 00:10:59,199 Speaker 4: the stoplight, he goes, watch this. Trump said to me, 210 00:10:59,280 --> 00:11:01,640 Speaker 4: watch this, and then he put the windows down, and 211 00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:03,800 Speaker 4: everyone on the sidewalk stopped and pointed at the car 212 00:11:03,840 --> 00:11:06,120 Speaker 4: and said, look, it's Donald Trump. And then he put 213 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:07,520 Speaker 4: the windows back up, and he looked at me and 214 00:11:07,559 --> 00:11:12,120 Speaker 4: he said, isn't that cool? And this is what he's 215 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:14,800 Speaker 4: doing with the world right now. He's essentially using the 216 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:17,640 Speaker 4: United States as like a giant ferrari, and he's pulling 217 00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,760 Speaker 4: up to these various situations and putting the windows down, 218 00:11:21,440 --> 00:11:25,240 Speaker 4: whether it's berating Zelenski in the Oval office, or courting 219 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:27,920 Speaker 4: Putin or embracing tariffs. 220 00:11:27,960 --> 00:11:30,520 Speaker 2: Certainly keeping us busy in the news business. I want 221 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:32,559 Speaker 2: to talk about the markets real quick, because the US 222 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:37,440 Speaker 2: doc market's been sinking in reaction to tariffs and recession concerns. Meanwhile, 223 00:11:37,520 --> 00:11:41,240 Speaker 2: you've got China's market staying strong. Analysts are talking about 224 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:43,199 Speaker 2: what they call a she put, this idea that the 225 00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:46,160 Speaker 2: Chinese government is going to do everything it can to 226 00:11:46,400 --> 00:11:49,439 Speaker 2: achieve this five percent growth target. There's certainly no talk 227 00:11:49,520 --> 00:11:52,160 Speaker 2: of a Trump put at the moment. What are the 228 00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:56,559 Speaker 2: reactions on both sides of the Pacific telling us about 229 00:11:56,600 --> 00:11:58,360 Speaker 2: what investors are thinking and feeling. 230 00:11:58,920 --> 00:12:01,600 Speaker 1: The US businesses are panic gaing right now. I bet 231 00:12:01,679 --> 00:12:05,560 Speaker 1: you know a number of US companies, everyone from McDonald's 232 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:09,480 Speaker 1: that makes their French fries and canola oil that comes 233 00:12:09,520 --> 00:12:13,160 Speaker 1: from Canada to the big US automakers. They're calling the 234 00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:16,400 Speaker 1: White House flipping out about the tariffs. I mean, the 235 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:18,199 Speaker 1: stock market did so well at the beginning of the 236 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:20,880 Speaker 1: first seven weeks, let's say, or six weeks, and all 237 00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:24,080 Speaker 1: that wealth has been erased already. And the other thing 238 00:12:24,120 --> 00:12:26,439 Speaker 1: that's changed from last time is that Republicans on the 239 00:12:26,559 --> 00:12:29,760 Speaker 1: Hill just really have acquiesced him entirely and are very 240 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:33,000 Speaker 1: afraid to publicly criticize him. So I think that what 241 00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:35,920 Speaker 1: will happen is if the stock market continues to slide 242 00:12:36,280 --> 00:12:39,000 Speaker 1: and we do seem like we're headed towards a recession, 243 00:12:39,600 --> 00:12:43,360 Speaker 1: then I think he will be less popular among Republicans, 244 00:12:43,559 --> 00:12:47,040 Speaker 1: among donors, among businesses, and then maybe he will, of 245 00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:50,400 Speaker 1: course correct. But he is really full steam ahead right now. 246 00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:53,480 Speaker 2: This must be so hard to plan at this point 247 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:56,719 Speaker 2: when you've got such erratic news coming out of the 248 00:12:56,760 --> 00:12:59,960 Speaker 2: White House and erratic moves. Can businesses really plan at. 249 00:12:59,840 --> 00:13:02,120 Speaker 1: The no, And that is the message that they're telling 250 00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:04,120 Speaker 1: the White House. But part of the problem is that's 251 00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:07,640 Speaker 1: sort of unclear who is totally in charge with the 252 00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:10,280 Speaker 1: US China sort of strategy. The same is true on 253 00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:14,400 Speaker 1: economics and tariffs. There are a number of Trump advisors 254 00:13:14,520 --> 00:13:17,439 Speaker 1: and cabinet members who have their hands in tariffs, and 255 00:13:17,559 --> 00:13:20,400 Speaker 1: so it's just been a real sort of toss up 256 00:13:20,440 --> 00:13:22,080 Speaker 1: about what happens with this policy. 257 00:13:22,520 --> 00:13:26,400 Speaker 4: So this unpredictability. Can you really invest or build plant 258 00:13:26,440 --> 00:13:28,680 Speaker 4: and equipment if you can't have a five year plan 259 00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:31,240 Speaker 4: because he's knocking you back on your feet every week 260 00:13:31,280 --> 00:13:33,920 Speaker 4: with a different policy position. That's going to, I think 261 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:37,199 Speaker 4: be a present factor for quite a while, and I 262 00:13:37,280 --> 00:13:40,920 Speaker 4: don't think the press or the business community will regulate that. 263 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:43,479 Speaker 4: As a deal maker, he's in charge of these processes. 264 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:46,599 Speaker 4: He has never been a great deal maker historically. In 265 00:13:46,679 --> 00:13:49,719 Speaker 4: his business career, he presided over six corporate bankruptcies. He 266 00:13:49,920 --> 00:13:52,760 Speaker 4: almost went personally bankrupt, but his father bailed him out 267 00:13:53,120 --> 00:13:55,439 Speaker 4: before that happened. And within the business community in the 268 00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:58,480 Speaker 4: United States, he was regarded as a cartoon character and 269 00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:01,240 Speaker 4: routinely got taken to the clean by better deal makers. 270 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:04,400 Speaker 4: Robert bass on the sale of the Plaza hotel. You 271 00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:06,319 Speaker 4: could go on and on down a whole list of deals. 272 00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:09,400 Speaker 4: But he's had this myth because of the Apprentice, that 273 00:14:09,559 --> 00:14:13,000 Speaker 4: he can fix complicated situations, that he's got the analytic 274 00:14:13,080 --> 00:14:15,160 Speaker 4: and intuitive skills to do that, and he's lacked them 275 00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:16,559 Speaker 4: since he was seven. 276 00:14:19,880 --> 00:14:23,640 Speaker 2: After the break, the consequences of the Trump era on Asia, 277 00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:27,560 Speaker 2: will Asian economies become collateral damage in the wake of 278 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:31,120 Speaker 2: the trade war, and how can China capitalize on this moment? 279 00:14:43,320 --> 00:14:46,640 Speaker 2: The ramifications of a US China trade war go beyond 280 00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:50,880 Speaker 2: just these two superpowers. And while Asia isn't directly targeted 281 00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:54,600 Speaker 2: by the latest US tariffs, the region is very trade dependent. 282 00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:57,240 Speaker 2: I asked our panel about what the impact would be 283 00:14:57,320 --> 00:14:59,440 Speaker 2: on the region. Here's Bloomberg's shulely Ren. 284 00:14:59,560 --> 00:15:03,880 Speaker 3: Again, Singapore has done very well because of China's capital 285 00:15:03,920 --> 00:15:07,000 Speaker 3: offlow in the last couple of years tremendously. I think 286 00:15:07,080 --> 00:15:10,280 Speaker 3: a Viennam like especially North Vietnam, has been doing very 287 00:15:10,320 --> 00:15:13,880 Speaker 3: well because it's a very natural China plus one destination 288 00:15:14,080 --> 00:15:17,680 Speaker 3: right like it's very close to mainland China's industry catalog. 289 00:15:17,840 --> 00:15:22,960 Speaker 3: And then Vietnamese people are hard working and entrepreneurial and educated. 290 00:15:23,280 --> 00:15:26,800 Speaker 3: But I do feel that countries like Vietnam had to 291 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:30,280 Speaker 3: stay under Trump's radar because Vietnam believe or not, runs 292 00:15:30,360 --> 00:15:34,040 Speaker 3: the third and largest trade deficit with the US after 293 00:15:34,280 --> 00:15:36,960 Speaker 3: Mexico and China. So one day, if Trump wakes up 294 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:40,280 Speaker 3: and say, wait a minute, you're using Vietnam to explore 295 00:15:40,320 --> 00:15:43,200 Speaker 3: your stuff into US, then I think Vietnam just has 296 00:15:43,240 --> 00:15:44,360 Speaker 3: to be very careful. 297 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:47,280 Speaker 2: Nervous times, certainly for everyone. I want to pivot to 298 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:51,040 Speaker 2: foreign policy. Trump has imposed tariffs on North American neighbors. 299 00:15:51,400 --> 00:15:54,240 Speaker 2: He had a shouting match with Ukrainian President Voladimir Zelinski 300 00:15:54,240 --> 00:15:57,280 Speaker 2: in the Oval Office. He's threatening tariffs on Europe. These 301 00:15:57,320 --> 00:16:00,360 Speaker 2: are the traditional allies of the US. All of that, 302 00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:02,960 Speaker 2: of course, must be having a very chilling effect for 303 00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:06,120 Speaker 2: America's friends here in Asia, from Taiwan to South Korea 304 00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:08,720 Speaker 2: to Japan. And I want to ask you, do you 305 00:16:08,920 --> 00:16:14,360 Speaker 2: think she sees this as an opportunity, especially here in Asia, 306 00:16:14,720 --> 00:16:17,960 Speaker 2: but around the world. How can China capitalize on this 307 00:16:18,120 --> 00:16:21,920 Speaker 2: moment when the US is being erratic, turning its back 308 00:16:21,960 --> 00:16:22,880 Speaker 2: on friends and allies. 309 00:16:23,720 --> 00:16:27,680 Speaker 5: I think Beijing sees this as an opportunity to advance 310 00:16:28,040 --> 00:16:30,880 Speaker 5: its interests around the world. If you listen to Chinese 311 00:16:30,920 --> 00:16:34,600 Speaker 5: officials now, they want the world to see Beijing or 312 00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:38,840 Speaker 5: see China as an anchor of stability in a chaotic 313 00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:42,960 Speaker 5: world as a result of American and Trump administration policies. 314 00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:47,120 Speaker 5: And it sounds like the administration has taken its eyes 315 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:49,480 Speaker 5: off the ball a little bit, like it seems like 316 00:16:49,520 --> 00:16:52,000 Speaker 5: there's so much else going on. And if that is 317 00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:55,040 Speaker 5: the case, then yeah, then she has an opportunity, right 318 00:16:55,120 --> 00:16:58,600 Speaker 5: If the US is too busy thinking about Russia or 319 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:01,640 Speaker 5: the Middle East, then China will have more room to 320 00:17:02,040 --> 00:17:04,679 Speaker 5: do things and to try and advance its own interests. 321 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,960 Speaker 1: I also think that as Trump sheds sort of conventional 322 00:17:08,119 --> 00:17:11,239 Speaker 1: allies in Europe or all these different places, there's going 323 00:17:11,320 --> 00:17:15,400 Speaker 1: to be like a whole new reordering of global superpowers. 324 00:17:15,440 --> 00:17:18,160 Speaker 1: And I think that presents an opportunity for China, don't 325 00:17:18,160 --> 00:17:20,840 Speaker 1: you think so? Or maybe not. 326 00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:24,560 Speaker 5: Someone described the situation to me as Trump is digging 327 00:17:24,640 --> 00:17:26,560 Speaker 5: the world all the pieces and throwing them up in 328 00:17:26,600 --> 00:17:29,040 Speaker 5: the air, and everybody's trying to pick things up now. 329 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:31,520 Speaker 5: And this person said, China's going to end up picking 330 00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:33,879 Speaker 5: up more pieces than it had before he got thrown up. 331 00:17:34,040 --> 00:17:36,080 Speaker 5: I think there's a really good chance that will happen. 332 00:17:36,359 --> 00:17:39,320 Speaker 1: And Trump, also, just to add it quickly, is an isolationist. 333 00:17:39,600 --> 00:17:42,840 Speaker 1: He does not think that the US needs to police 334 00:17:42,920 --> 00:17:46,240 Speaker 1: the world. He really wants to focus on stuff at home. 335 00:17:46,680 --> 00:17:48,639 Speaker 1: When I interviewed him at mar A Lago, you know, 336 00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:51,360 Speaker 1: his comments on Taiwan were really some of the most 337 00:17:51,359 --> 00:17:53,800 Speaker 1: striking ones in the interview. We sat with him for 338 00:17:53,840 --> 00:17:56,280 Speaker 1: an hour and a half and he was basically like, 339 00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:59,720 Speaker 1: what has Taiwan done for the US lately? He said 340 00:17:59,760 --> 00:18:01,640 Speaker 1: that he was like, I don't see what they're doing 341 00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:04,400 Speaker 1: for us. You know, they've stolen our jobs, Like why 342 00:18:04,440 --> 00:18:06,800 Speaker 1: should we protect them? And I think you know what 343 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:10,680 Speaker 1: we're seeing happening with Ukraine and sort of his unwillingness 344 00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:15,200 Speaker 1: to defend Ukraine or pull back intelligence there, pull back money. 345 00:18:15,480 --> 00:18:18,040 Speaker 1: If I were living in Taiwan, I would be fairly 346 00:18:18,119 --> 00:18:18,640 Speaker 1: freaked out. 347 00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:24,399 Speaker 5: Taiwan's Defense minister, right after the blow up in the 348 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:28,120 Speaker 5: Oval office with President Zelenski, had this quote I thought 349 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:31,840 Speaker 5: was really interesting and I'm paraphrasing, but essentially said, we 350 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:36,680 Speaker 5: realize that when talking with the US, you cannot discuss 351 00:18:36,880 --> 00:18:41,880 Speaker 5: values with the US without also addressing national interests, which 352 00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:46,760 Speaker 5: is like very different from what Taiwan's officials were saying 353 00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:50,000 Speaker 5: during the Biden administration, which was all about shared. 354 00:18:49,760 --> 00:18:51,639 Speaker 4: Values you know, I remember this conversation I want to 355 00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:54,400 Speaker 4: here with that screenwriter about his process, and he said 356 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:56,959 Speaker 4: he would write scenes out on index cards, throw them 357 00:18:57,000 --> 00:18:58,960 Speaker 4: into the middle of the floor, and then rearrange them 358 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:02,080 Speaker 4: to see what works. And that's essentially Trump's foreign policy. 359 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:04,080 Speaker 4: And the danger with that is I have to believe 360 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:07,440 Speaker 4: China and Russia are shocked at how much progress they've 361 00:19:07,520 --> 00:19:11,840 Speaker 4: made over the last two months without having after decades, 362 00:19:12,480 --> 00:19:17,400 Speaker 4: decades of strategically and economically and militarily trying to find 363 00:19:17,480 --> 00:19:20,480 Speaker 4: ways to get around the US or supersede the US, 364 00:19:20,760 --> 00:19:22,600 Speaker 4: and Trump has just walked up in a few short 365 00:19:22,640 --> 00:19:25,119 Speaker 4: weeks and delivered to them on a platter. But it 366 00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:28,560 Speaker 4: also isn't a sophisticated understanding of what we all get 367 00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:32,200 Speaker 4: when we have shared defenses, which it creates stability, it 368 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:36,200 Speaker 4: creates economic opportunity, It allows people to spend domestically in 369 00:19:36,240 --> 00:19:39,280 Speaker 4: their economies on things other than defense, and it encourages 370 00:19:39,520 --> 00:19:42,920 Speaker 4: integration that is safer and more prosperous for the world. 371 00:19:43,119 --> 00:19:47,119 Speaker 4: And that's what's informing his defenestration of USAID, because he 372 00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:50,040 Speaker 4: doesn't understand how American soft power functions in the world. 373 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:54,000 Speaker 4: And these come from hard won lessons about how you 374 00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:57,720 Speaker 4: successfully achieve peace and prosperity, and he grew up. John 375 00:19:57,760 --> 00:20:00,720 Speaker 4: and I were talking on less earlier. His father made 376 00:20:00,800 --> 00:20:05,879 Speaker 4: his fortune building subsidized housing for working class Americans, and 377 00:20:06,240 --> 00:20:09,840 Speaker 4: he ended up cheating the federal government during the nineteen 378 00:20:10,119 --> 00:20:12,639 Speaker 4: forties and fifties, and he got kicked out of that program. 379 00:20:12,960 --> 00:20:15,680 Speaker 4: And then he did a similar thing in New York State, 380 00:20:15,720 --> 00:20:17,480 Speaker 4: and he was getting funds from New York State for 381 00:20:17,520 --> 00:20:19,840 Speaker 4: housing development, and he did the same thing. He was overbilling. 382 00:20:19,920 --> 00:20:23,000 Speaker 4: He was creating faith companies, and he got kicked out 383 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:26,160 Speaker 4: of the New York State programs. And he essentially resigned 384 00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:29,920 Speaker 4: after that or retired rather from building. But within the family, 385 00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:32,560 Speaker 4: they never said Dad got in trouble because he was 386 00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:35,399 Speaker 4: dealing from the government. What they said was the government 387 00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:38,560 Speaker 4: came and took Dad's properties away. The government came and 388 00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:41,240 Speaker 4: took his candy away. And that informs Trump's view of 389 00:20:41,280 --> 00:20:45,720 Speaker 4: emigration and informs Trump's view of foreign policy. It's beware, 390 00:20:45,840 --> 00:20:47,639 Speaker 4: someone's going to come and take things away from you, 391 00:20:48,040 --> 00:20:51,000 Speaker 4: and if you don't protect those things, you're a sucker 392 00:20:51,680 --> 00:20:54,560 Speaker 4: and you will be ripped off. And the only way 393 00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:56,760 Speaker 4: to do that is to isolate and put walls up 394 00:20:57,280 --> 00:21:00,480 Speaker 4: and defend yourself. And that's a perilous calcil in the 395 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:01,040 Speaker 4: world we live in. 396 00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:05,240 Speaker 2: We're really talking about re ordering of alliances and friendships 397 00:21:05,560 --> 00:21:08,119 Speaker 2: and coalitions. Right at this point, since we don't have 398 00:21:08,200 --> 00:21:10,760 Speaker 2: much time left, I wonder if we can just stare 399 00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:15,360 Speaker 2: into an imaginary crystal ball. Right, we're twenty twenty nine, 400 00:21:15,480 --> 00:21:18,480 Speaker 2: four years from now, Right, what does the world look like, 401 00:21:18,920 --> 00:21:22,160 Speaker 2: and Asian in particular, four years after Trump? 402 00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:26,440 Speaker 3: I would just talk about the development of an economy 403 00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:29,520 Speaker 3: after World War Two in Asia. The economies that have 404 00:21:29,640 --> 00:21:33,439 Speaker 3: done very well are mostly driven by export, right, export 405 00:21:33,520 --> 00:21:37,280 Speaker 3: oriented economy. So how do the rest of the Asian 406 00:21:37,359 --> 00:21:41,920 Speaker 3: economies that have now reached the upper middle income level 407 00:21:42,280 --> 00:21:45,159 Speaker 3: become rich themselves? They have to think of a model 408 00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:47,000 Speaker 3: that's other than exports. 409 00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:49,720 Speaker 4: I think there's a happy and a sad answer to that. 410 00:21:49,920 --> 00:21:52,080 Speaker 4: And I'd hate to end on a sad note for everybody, 411 00:21:52,160 --> 00:21:53,720 Speaker 4: but I'll start with the sad and then go to 412 00:21:53,760 --> 00:21:55,879 Speaker 4: the happy. The sad note is that I think what 413 00:21:56,040 --> 00:22:00,440 Speaker 4: you're seeing around isolationism and predation continues on that, and 414 00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:03,199 Speaker 4: we have a world in which people have armed up 415 00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:07,920 Speaker 4: and trading sufferers and diplomacy suffers, and again we're in 416 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:12,000 Speaker 4: an earlier century with the fallout all that entails. I 417 00:22:12,040 --> 00:22:16,560 Speaker 4: think the happy outcome is that people understand why it's 418 00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:20,840 Speaker 4: important to stand up for institutions and values and processes 419 00:22:21,040 --> 00:22:25,640 Speaker 4: that we need to have civilized societies and push back 420 00:22:25,680 --> 00:22:27,840 Speaker 4: against that. But I think we're on a knife edge. 421 00:22:28,320 --> 00:22:31,400 Speaker 4: I think we are in a very historically perilous place 422 00:22:31,480 --> 00:22:31,760 Speaker 4: right now. 423 00:22:32,800 --> 00:22:35,480 Speaker 5: I think Asia will be more Chinese, like I think 424 00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:38,200 Speaker 5: you're going to have Chinese electric cars and lots of 425 00:22:38,320 --> 00:22:41,879 Speaker 5: markets around Asia. I think you'll have people in Asia 426 00:22:42,040 --> 00:22:45,640 Speaker 5: using deep seek and Chinese Ai. And then I think 427 00:22:45,680 --> 00:22:47,879 Speaker 5: when people travel from Singapore to New York, they'll have 428 00:22:47,960 --> 00:22:50,320 Speaker 5: to get like completely different devices because none of those 429 00:22:50,359 --> 00:22:53,520 Speaker 5: things will exist in the US. I think Europe is 430 00:22:53,560 --> 00:22:56,080 Speaker 5: really hard to read at the moment where that goes. 431 00:22:56,160 --> 00:22:58,920 Speaker 5: But I do feel like this four years will see 432 00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:00,800 Speaker 5: China being more of fluential in Asia. 433 00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:03,840 Speaker 1: I think in four years it will be like Russia, 434 00:23:04,040 --> 00:23:07,119 Speaker 1: China and the US sort of competing against one another 435 00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:10,400 Speaker 1: and then sometimes cutting deals with each other, but also 436 00:23:10,520 --> 00:23:14,760 Speaker 1: trying to sort of woo either through force potentially in 437 00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:18,200 Speaker 1: Russia's case, or Trump with Greenland or the Panama Canal 438 00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:20,600 Speaker 1: sort of competing with one another, but also trying to 439 00:23:20,680 --> 00:23:24,840 Speaker 1: select new allies or new territories, each to their own side. 440 00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:28,200 Speaker 1: And I think those will be the three accesses that 441 00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:29,320 Speaker 1: I'll be watching. 442 00:23:29,880 --> 00:23:32,639 Speaker 2: Yeah, certainly a new world order they were seeing forming 443 00:23:32,760 --> 00:23:35,920 Speaker 2: right now. With that, I want to thank my wonderful panelists. 444 00:23:36,200 --> 00:23:42,640 Speaker 2: Thank you for your lovely and insightful thoughts. I think 445 00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:44,600 Speaker 2: with that we're going to call it a rap And 446 00:23:45,119 --> 00:23:48,520 Speaker 2: if you enjoy this discussion, please subscribe to The Big 447 00:23:48,600 --> 00:23:51,680 Speaker 2: Take Asia. You can find us wherever you get your podcasts, 448 00:23:51,880 --> 00:23:59,919 Speaker 2: and we'll see you next week. This is The Big 449 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:01,560 Speaker 2: Take Asia from Bloomberg News. 450 00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:02,320 Speaker 4: I'm wan Ha. 451 00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:06,280 Speaker 2: This episode was produced by Young Young and Naomi. It 452 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:08,920 Speaker 2: was edited by Grace Jennings, ed Quist, Patti Hirsch, and 453 00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:11,920 Speaker 2: John Leu. It was fact checked by Naomi and mixed 454 00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:15,600 Speaker 2: and sound designed by Taka Yasuzawa and Alex Hugia. Our 455 00:24:15,680 --> 00:24:19,359 Speaker 2: senior producer is Naomi Shaven. Our senior editor is Elizabeth Ponso. 456 00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:23,720 Speaker 2: Our executive producer is Nicole Miemsterboer. Sage Bauman is Bloomberg's 457 00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:26,520 Speaker 2: head of Podcasts. Thanks for listening. See you next time