1 00:00:08,560 --> 00:00:11,600 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to food Stuff. I'm Lauren Vocabon and 2 00:00:11,680 --> 00:00:14,880 Speaker 1: I'm Annie Reese, and today we're going to talk about 3 00:00:15,560 --> 00:00:19,160 Speaker 1: the fork. Yeah, we've already done a spork episode and 4 00:00:19,160 --> 00:00:21,800 Speaker 1: and Aunt Lauren mentioned that she'd run across some kind 5 00:00:21,800 --> 00:00:25,439 Speaker 1: of scandalous history of the fork. Yeah, they didn't catch 6 00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:27,760 Speaker 1: on for quite a while. But okay, yeah, let's let's 7 00:00:27,760 --> 00:00:32,360 Speaker 1: get right into it. Fork. What is it? Well, I 8 00:00:32,440 --> 00:00:35,920 Speaker 1: guess we can describe it. It's a pronged utensil used 9 00:00:35,920 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: for spearing foods. Stick with points there, yeah, if you will. 10 00:00:40,600 --> 00:00:43,600 Speaker 1: But there are a lot of variations on them. You've 11 00:00:43,640 --> 00:00:47,600 Speaker 1: got fruit fork, salad for dessert, fork, fish for deli, fork, snail, fork, 12 00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:50,400 Speaker 1: serving fork, roast fork, asparagus fork, cheese fork, chip fork, 13 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:53,160 Speaker 1: crab fork, olive fork, east fork, pastry fork, pickle fork, 14 00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:56,080 Speaker 1: pie fork, relish work, suck at fork, t fork, tarrapin fork, 15 00:00:56,160 --> 00:01:00,400 Speaker 1: toasting fork, spaghetti fork. This is an evolve the forks. 16 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:03,240 Speaker 1: There's more, and I had to cut down the you're 17 00:01:03,280 --> 00:01:06,680 Speaker 1: you're slacking on your fork wrap here. I know, Annie, 18 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:10,840 Speaker 1: I could have gone on for probably like four more lines. 19 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:14,720 Speaker 1: That's that's going to be in our deep cut of 20 00:01:14,720 --> 00:01:20,200 Speaker 1: this episode es the B side. The name comes from 21 00:01:20,200 --> 00:01:24,720 Speaker 1: the Latin word for pitchfork, which was borrowed by Germanic 22 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:28,080 Speaker 1: languages as well. I think in A Little Mermaid it 23 00:01:28,120 --> 00:01:31,520 Speaker 1: was the dingle hopper. Yeah, oh, dingle hopper a Little 24 00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:36,320 Speaker 1: Mermaid throwback, and history has had some strong emotions about 25 00:01:36,319 --> 00:01:40,679 Speaker 1: the fork. Take this nineteen sixties poem from Charles Simmock. 26 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:44,400 Speaker 1: This strange thing must have crept right out of hell. 27 00:01:45,160 --> 00:01:48,600 Speaker 1: It resembles a bird's foot worn around the cannibal's neck. 28 00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:52,120 Speaker 1: As you hold it in your hand, as you stab 29 00:01:52,200 --> 00:01:55,280 Speaker 1: with it into a piece of meat, it is possible 30 00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:58,800 Speaker 1: to imagine the rest of the bird it's head, which, 31 00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:05,800 Speaker 1: like your fists, is large, bald, beakless and blind. Oh yeah, 32 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:09,880 Speaker 1: I should have done that in slam poetry style. Oh well, 33 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:14,280 Speaker 1: okay next time. That whole spike with points thing is 34 00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:18,839 Speaker 1: the crux, if you will, of four technology, and it's 35 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:25,120 Speaker 1: what developed very slowly over time, like okay, slight tangent. 36 00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:27,360 Speaker 1: Do you all remember any of the parody razor commercials 37 00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:29,720 Speaker 1: that happened over the past couple of decades. Started in 38 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:32,520 Speaker 1: the nineteen seventies when a Saturday Night Live in response 39 00:02:32,600 --> 00:02:35,600 Speaker 1: to a new double bladed razor, did a parody about 40 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:39,640 Speaker 1: a three bladed razor. It was all lolls until that 41 00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:43,160 Speaker 1: actually happened in the nineteen nineties, invoking further parodies. An 42 00:02:43,200 --> 00:02:46,560 Speaker 1: Onion article in two thousand four titled everything We're doing 43 00:02:46,600 --> 00:02:50,600 Speaker 1: five blades, which happened a year later. Um and then 44 00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:54,880 Speaker 1: SNL and mad TV responded with like fourteen and twenty 45 00:02:54,880 --> 00:02:57,000 Speaker 1: blade razors, which have, for the good of all of 46 00:02:57,040 --> 00:02:59,240 Speaker 1: us not come to fruition. And look, this is a 47 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:03,600 Speaker 1: long tangent it this is also definitely how forks have happened. Yes, 48 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:08,360 Speaker 1: it's a very slow progression, very slow and kind of hilarious. 49 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:11,000 Speaker 1: And we're going to get to that just as soon 50 00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:12,720 Speaker 1: as we take a quick break for a word from 51 00:03:12,760 --> 00:03:25,960 Speaker 1: our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you sponsor, Yes, thank you. 52 00:03:26,520 --> 00:03:29,600 Speaker 1: So the precursor to the fork is the simple cooking 53 00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:32,920 Speaker 1: spike used to spear, roast and lift food. But it 54 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:35,960 Speaker 1: would be thousands of years before a second spike developed, 55 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:38,880 Speaker 1: and the single spike implement would last into the Middle Ages. 56 00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:44,200 Speaker 1: You're making this sound very epic. I'm trying. It's a fork. No, 57 00:03:44,560 --> 00:03:48,920 Speaker 1: you're succeeding. In the world of cutlery. The fork in 58 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:51,880 Speaker 1: its modern form is one of the newest eating implements 59 00:03:51,920 --> 00:03:55,560 Speaker 1: on the block. More primitive, two pronged versions used mainly 60 00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:57,960 Speaker 1: for cooking and serving, go way back to ancient times, though, 61 00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:01,080 Speaker 1: uh these were large er than the kitchen forks we 62 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:05,520 Speaker 1: have these days to accommodate, you know, fire, as opposed 63 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:08,000 Speaker 1: to just a pan um. They were based on pitchforks 64 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:11,240 Speaker 1: and probably not very much smaller, which is kind of 65 00:04:11,320 --> 00:04:13,760 Speaker 1: hilarious to imagine people trying to eat with these things. 66 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:16,120 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, that's why they didn't. That's why they didn't. 67 00:04:16,760 --> 00:04:20,160 Speaker 1: Never mind, they're like, this is a bad idea at 68 00:04:20,200 --> 00:04:23,520 Speaker 1: the table. People would rather use foonds are their fingers 69 00:04:23,839 --> 00:04:26,920 Speaker 1: or knives. People had a knife or small dagger on 70 00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:28,760 Speaker 1: hand most of the time, and that was the most 71 00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:32,719 Speaker 1: all purpose bit of cutlery for both slicing and conveying 72 00:04:32,760 --> 00:04:38,680 Speaker 1: food to your mouth or other bits of food like bread. Yeah. Yeah. 73 00:04:38,760 --> 00:04:41,080 Speaker 1: Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans were some of the first 74 00:04:41,160 --> 00:04:45,080 Speaker 1: to use table forks, and archaeologists unearthed forks made out 75 00:04:45,080 --> 00:04:49,960 Speaker 1: of bone belonging to China's Kijah culture from dred BC. 76 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:53,760 Speaker 1: Persian nobility may have used something resembling the fork. During 77 00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:57,960 Speaker 1: the eighth and ninth century, and by the eleventh century, 78 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,520 Speaker 1: forks were being used by the Byzantine Empire, but they 79 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:04,400 Speaker 1: were probably for the most part absent and regarded with 80 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 1: suspicion by much of Europe, probably because it's resemblance to 81 00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:12,800 Speaker 1: the pitchfork, which made people think of the devil. They 82 00:05:13,040 --> 00:05:16,360 Speaker 1: were super fancy forks, though, like like we gilded sweetmeat 83 00:05:16,400 --> 00:05:20,599 Speaker 1: forks have survived, which brings us to the wedding of 84 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:25,000 Speaker 1: a Byzantine princess to Italian Doge Domenico Salvo, set in 85 00:05:25,080 --> 00:05:29,359 Speaker 1: Venice and one thousand four CE. The princess caused a 86 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:33,200 Speaker 1: bit of a scandal, perhaps a minor scandal, when at 87 00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:38,839 Speaker 1: the wedding feast she whipped out a golden four Yeah. 88 00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:44,520 Speaker 1: The clergy roundly condemned this as a sinful show of decadence. 89 00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:47,640 Speaker 1: She also brought the napkin and finger bowl two which 90 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:52,359 Speaker 1: that's pretty that's a little over the top. According to 91 00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:56,799 Speaker 1: the time manuscript from that time, written and illustrated by St. 92 00:05:56,800 --> 00:06:00,400 Speaker 1: Peter Domain read, such was the luxury of our habbits 93 00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:03,159 Speaker 1: that she deigned not to touch her food with her fingers, 94 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:05,720 Speaker 1: but would command her eunuchs to cut it up into 95 00:06:05,720 --> 00:06:09,479 Speaker 1: small pieces, which she would impale on a certain golden 96 00:06:09,520 --> 00:06:12,679 Speaker 1: instrument with two prongs, and thus carried to her mouth. 97 00:06:13,480 --> 00:06:17,080 Speaker 1: God and his wisdom has provided man with natural forks 98 00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:21,680 Speaker 1: his fingers. They were serious about this, like there was 99 00:06:21,760 --> 00:06:23,960 Speaker 1: like they did not forget. There was a follow up 100 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:27,560 Speaker 1: right after her death from the plague. A few years later, 101 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:31,680 Speaker 1: Demand claimed it was God's punishment for her lavishness, writing, 102 00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:35,960 Speaker 1: this woman's vanity was hateful to Almighty God, and so 103 00:06:36,600 --> 00:06:41,800 Speaker 1: unmistakably did he take his revenge. For he raised over 104 00:06:41,880 --> 00:06:45,800 Speaker 1: her the sword of his divine justice, so that her 105 00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:50,200 Speaker 1: whole body did putrefy in all her limbs begin to wither. 106 00:06:51,080 --> 00:06:55,720 Speaker 1: For using a fork for that, I just my brain 107 00:06:55,800 --> 00:07:00,799 Speaker 1: just ran out of words. It's a different time, different 108 00:07:01,040 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 1: different era. Well after that, inventory documents and wills show 109 00:07:08,839 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: that the fork slowly spread through Europe. In the case 110 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:14,560 Speaker 1: of Will's largely suck at forks used for eating candied 111 00:07:14,720 --> 00:07:19,080 Speaker 1: syrupy fruit still Middle Age folks, which generally ate off 112 00:07:19,680 --> 00:07:24,640 Speaker 1: stale realms of bread called trencher scooping yeah yeah. In 113 00:07:24,760 --> 00:07:28,880 Speaker 1: the fourteen hundreds, forks started appearing in Italian cookbooks, which 114 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:31,280 Speaker 1: brings us to her second marriage and wedding of the 115 00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:35,120 Speaker 1: episode that the second wedding scandal. I know two wedding 116 00:07:35,160 --> 00:07:39,360 Speaker 1: scandals in one episode. In her fifty three wedding to 117 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:42,760 Speaker 1: King Henry the Second, Catherine de Medici brought with her 118 00:07:42,960 --> 00:07:46,480 Speaker 1: silver forks and my gold and silver from Italy to France. 119 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:50,120 Speaker 1: There was much laughter as members of the court got 120 00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:52,880 Speaker 1: food all over themselves and their attempts to use this 121 00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:56,800 Speaker 1: new fangled eating device. De Medici was a trend setter, 122 00:07:56,960 --> 00:07:59,880 Speaker 1: and all things Italian were fashionable thanks to the Renaissance. 123 00:08:00,440 --> 00:08:03,400 Speaker 1: Katherine went on a tour of sorts during the fifteen sixties, 124 00:08:03,400 --> 00:08:07,200 Speaker 1: appearing at huge public festivals to demonstrate the monarchy's power, 125 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: wherein onlookers would watch she ate with forks. Two types 126 00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:15,640 Speaker 1: of forks were the norm at the time, hefty two 127 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:19,080 Speaker 1: pronged things used mainly for meat, and small, dainty ones 128 00:08:19,200 --> 00:08:24,800 Speaker 1: used for desserts. But there was still resistance flock resistance, yes, 129 00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:28,880 Speaker 1: still going strong. In sixteen o five, an allegorical novel 130 00:08:28,960 --> 00:08:33,520 Speaker 1: about Henry the third Quartiers penned anonymously, featured an island 131 00:08:33,559 --> 00:08:38,199 Speaker 1: inhabited by these over the top hermaphrodites that ate with 132 00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:46,160 Speaker 1: forks feminine senses. No, not caring that they were spilling 133 00:08:46,200 --> 00:08:50,679 Speaker 1: more food than they were consuming in their exit, just deplorable. 134 00:08:51,200 --> 00:08:53,920 Speaker 1: During the time of Henry, the third forks were still used, 135 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:56,720 Speaker 1: mostly by the well off, who would travel with these 136 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:01,840 Speaker 1: fancied cases of silverware. Uh. According to Caroline Young's essay 137 00:09:01,920 --> 00:09:05,760 Speaker 1: Feeding Desire, the fork came with unsetilling me. I had 138 00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:08,520 Speaker 1: trouble saying that, so I had to practice a feminine aura. 139 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:13,439 Speaker 1: Until until about that time British sailors turned down eating 140 00:09:13,440 --> 00:09:18,599 Speaker 1: with what they perceived to be unmanly forks. No way, 141 00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:24,000 Speaker 1: a real men don't eat with folks. They don't eat 142 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:29,280 Speaker 1: with forks, learning a lot. An English traveler named Thomas 143 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:33,600 Speaker 1: Coryate traveled across continental Europe and wrote about his observations 144 00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:37,319 Speaker 1: in sixteen or eight in crew detas Hastily gobbled up 145 00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:43,560 Speaker 1: in five months or creates crew dedas Great titles both Yes. 146 00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:48,720 Speaker 1: He explained how how the Italians did this mysterious thing 147 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:53,160 Speaker 1: in which they used a fork and a knife to 148 00:09:53,679 --> 00:09:56,360 Speaker 1: cut and eat their food, and then kind of summed 149 00:09:56,440 --> 00:09:59,920 Speaker 1: up by saying, Uh, the reason of this their curiosity 150 00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:02,840 Speaker 1: is because the Italian cannot buy any means endure to 151 00:10:02,920 --> 00:10:06,880 Speaker 1: have his dish touched with fingers, seeing all men's fingers 152 00:10:06,920 --> 00:10:10,200 Speaker 1: are not alike clean. Hereupon, I myself thought good to 153 00:10:10,200 --> 00:10:13,120 Speaker 1: imitate the Italian fashion by this forked cutting of meat, 154 00:10:13,360 --> 00:10:15,600 Speaker 1: not only while I was in Italy, but also in 155 00:10:15,640 --> 00:10:19,880 Speaker 1: Germany and oftentimes in England. Since I came home and 156 00:10:19,960 --> 00:10:24,280 Speaker 1: after this published creates friends called him first of her, 157 00:10:24,880 --> 00:10:27,880 Speaker 1: first of her. At the time this meant both fork 158 00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:34,199 Speaker 1: bearer and man doomed to hang pretty good nickname yeah. 159 00:10:34,520 --> 00:10:38,160 Speaker 1: As ideas about hygiene change, the fork grew in popularity, 160 00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:42,680 Speaker 1: now with three and sometimes four times with a slight curve, 161 00:10:42,720 --> 00:10:46,720 Speaker 1: which made it more functional as well. Flatwear around this time, 162 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:51,560 Speaker 1: especially for the non royal but stillwell off, was widespread, 163 00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:56,560 Speaker 1: lee a part of one's personal tool set. Even relatively 164 00:10:56,679 --> 00:10:59,079 Speaker 1: common common folks what would carry their own case with 165 00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:01,760 Speaker 1: a knife, fork and boun for use at home when 166 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:04,320 Speaker 1: they were guests in other people's homes and when they 167 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:08,360 Speaker 1: were traveling about, and because they were these mobile devices. 168 00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:12,640 Speaker 1: The development of that flared shape of the handles and 169 00:11:12,679 --> 00:11:15,840 Speaker 1: also of of the curvature of the fork was partially 170 00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:18,280 Speaker 1: to help keep the business ends of everything in check 171 00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:21,600 Speaker 1: when they were all bundled up in your pocket or pack. Mhmm. 172 00:11:22,440 --> 00:11:25,360 Speaker 1: Charles the First declared in sixteen thirty three it is 173 00:11:25,400 --> 00:11:29,679 Speaker 1: decent to use the fork, but it was still mostly 174 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:33,280 Speaker 1: only utilized by the upper class. King Louis the fourteenth 175 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:37,000 Speaker 1: told his children, however, to ignore the instructions of their 176 00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:42,800 Speaker 1: tutor and stay away from those forks. Yeah. In seventeen 177 00:11:42,880 --> 00:11:46,480 Speaker 1: sixty of French aristocrat described a fancy dinner party in Turkey, 178 00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:50,480 Speaker 1: making jibs that their lack of experience with the fork. Quote. 179 00:11:50,520 --> 00:11:52,880 Speaker 1: I saw one woman throughout the dinner, taking all of 180 00:11:52,920 --> 00:11:55,240 Speaker 1: us with her fingers and then impaling them on her 181 00:11:55,280 --> 00:11:58,280 Speaker 1: fork in order to eat them in the French manner. No, 182 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:01,120 Speaker 1: that's not how that works. No, and I can't. I mean, 183 00:12:01,160 --> 00:12:05,280 Speaker 1: I've done similar things. We'll share, but you know, right 184 00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:09,400 Speaker 1: this was this was also just a wee bet. After 185 00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:12,800 Speaker 1: well appointed homes began including whole specific rooms bent just 186 00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:16,760 Speaker 1: for dining and multiple sets of silverware for when guests 187 00:12:16,800 --> 00:12:23,720 Speaker 1: came over multiple sets, what with industrialization, more commoners began 188 00:12:23,840 --> 00:12:28,640 Speaker 1: using the fork. King Louis the thirteenth chief minister Cardinal Richelieu, 189 00:12:29,040 --> 00:12:31,959 Speaker 1: who found the practice of frequent guests to use to 190 00:12:32,040 --> 00:12:36,319 Speaker 1: clean his teeth with his knife. Extremely gross, almost so dangerous. Yeah, 191 00:12:37,160 --> 00:12:40,360 Speaker 1: so gross. The cardinal had the tips of the guest 192 00:12:40,559 --> 00:12:44,600 Speaker 1: knives ground down. The court emulated the practice, eager to 193 00:12:44,800 --> 00:12:49,000 Speaker 1: copy royalty, and in six nine Francis King Louis the 194 00:12:49,120 --> 00:12:52,920 Speaker 1: Four declared that pointed knives at the dinner table and 195 00:12:53,120 --> 00:12:57,720 Speaker 1: on the street were legal. Yeah. Following this decree, existing 196 00:12:57,800 --> 00:13:00,080 Speaker 1: knives were rounded down and new knives from me it 197 00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:04,280 Speaker 1: with rounded tips. And this brings is to kind of 198 00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:08,760 Speaker 1: an interesting difference in eating habits. Yeah. Um. At the 199 00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:12,559 Speaker 1: beginning of the seventeenth century, forks were still not typical 200 00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:15,960 Speaker 1: of the American household, where they would instead use the 201 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:20,880 Speaker 1: new blunt tipped imported knives to cut while studying the 202 00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:23,560 Speaker 1: food they were slicing into with a spoon in their 203 00:13:23,640 --> 00:13:26,920 Speaker 1: left or non dominant hand. Um. The diner would then 204 00:13:26,960 --> 00:13:29,360 Speaker 1: have to switch hands so that the food could be 205 00:13:29,360 --> 00:13:33,000 Speaker 1: scooped up and eaten with a spoon, and this practice 206 00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:36,440 Speaker 1: led to the zigzag method Americans still used to this day. 207 00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:39,319 Speaker 1: More on that a little bit later. One American diner 208 00:13:39,320 --> 00:13:42,200 Speaker 1: wrote of the fork in the eighteen hundreds, eating peas 209 00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:44,000 Speaker 1: with the fork is as bad as trying to eat 210 00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:47,480 Speaker 1: soup with a knitting needle, and in eighteen forty two, 211 00:13:47,600 --> 00:13:50,839 Speaker 1: Charles Dickens noted of people on a Pennsylvania river boat, 212 00:13:51,720 --> 00:13:55,160 Speaker 1: they thrust their broad bladed knives and two pronged forks 213 00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:57,680 Speaker 1: further down their throats than I ever saw the same 214 00:13:57,679 --> 00:14:03,280 Speaker 1: weapons go before, except in the hands of skilled juggler. Wow. Uh. 215 00:14:03,400 --> 00:14:06,480 Speaker 1: It's suggested in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink 216 00:14:06,559 --> 00:14:10,960 Speaker 1: that American reluctance to adopt forks traces to Puritan ideals 217 00:14:11,160 --> 00:14:15,360 Speaker 1: from the Pilgrim's original colonies. At the time, the new 218 00:14:15,400 --> 00:14:18,240 Speaker 1: fangled and often upper class used to forks would have 219 00:14:18,280 --> 00:14:22,000 Speaker 1: represented everything that they were turning away from. And that's 220 00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:23,680 Speaker 1: why it took so long to catch on over here. 221 00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:29,520 Speaker 1: That's true. I never really thought about that. Yeah, despite resistance, 222 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:33,920 Speaker 1: the fork had made it. By eight finally made it 223 00:14:33,960 --> 00:14:38,840 Speaker 1: to the big time, and by eight America in By 224 00:14:38,920 --> 00:14:42,840 Speaker 1: eighteen eighties seven etiquette books included best practices for not 225 00:14:42,920 --> 00:14:46,400 Speaker 1: embarrassing yourself with the fork. Here's an excerpt from an 226 00:14:46,440 --> 00:14:49,560 Speaker 1: eighteen eighties seven book on manners. The fork has now 227 00:14:49,600 --> 00:14:52,760 Speaker 1: become the favorite and fashionable utensil for conveying food to 228 00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:55,920 Speaker 1: the mouth. First it crowded out the knife, and now 229 00:14:55,920 --> 00:14:58,600 Speaker 1: in its pride it has invaded the domain of the 230 00:14:58,680 --> 00:15:02,960 Speaker 1: once powerful spoon. The spoon is now pretty well subdued also, 231 00:15:03,400 --> 00:15:07,800 Speaker 1: and the fork, insolent and triumphant, has become a sumptuary tyrant. 232 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:11,240 Speaker 1: The true devotee of fashion does not dare to use 233 00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:14,840 Speaker 1: a spoon except to stir his tea or to eat 234 00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:17,840 Speaker 1: his soup with, and meekly eats his ice cream with 235 00:15:17,880 --> 00:15:21,320 Speaker 1: a fork and pretends to like it. They were seriously 236 00:15:21,320 --> 00:15:24,200 Speaker 1: ice cream forks, though I mean, like like fancy tables 237 00:15:24,240 --> 00:15:26,800 Speaker 1: at the time might have had an ice cream fork. 238 00:15:26,880 --> 00:15:30,200 Speaker 1: And additionally, you know, it's like status symbols oyster forks, 239 00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:34,520 Speaker 1: salad forks, lettuce forks, melon forks, strawberry forks, sandwich forks, 240 00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:38,120 Speaker 1: and bread forks. By the turn of the twentie century, 241 00:15:38,160 --> 00:15:40,920 Speaker 1: the fashionable advice was to never use a knife or 242 00:15:40,920 --> 00:15:46,800 Speaker 1: spoon when a fork will do these. It's intense. This 243 00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:49,440 Speaker 1: is also the time around about here that we hit 244 00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:54,120 Speaker 1: peak times five times, five times, six times, and yes 245 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:58,640 Speaker 1: even seven time. Forks appeared generally as serving forks, not 246 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:01,240 Speaker 1: eating forks, and the ones would the most times were 247 00:16:01,280 --> 00:16:05,800 Speaker 1: apparently sardine forks or bacon forks. If you've never seen 248 00:16:05,840 --> 00:16:10,240 Speaker 1: a picture of a seven times fork, go now, I'm 249 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:15,920 Speaker 1: resistingly urge it's it's beautiful in its ridiculousness. Um and 250 00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:19,320 Speaker 1: materials technology wound up having a lot to do with 251 00:16:19,360 --> 00:16:22,960 Speaker 1: the spread of forks. Up until the seventeen hundreds. You 252 00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:25,920 Speaker 1: wanted good quality forks to be made of silver, because silver, 253 00:16:26,320 --> 00:16:29,160 Speaker 1: unlike many other metals, will not react with acidic foods 254 00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:33,000 Speaker 1: and uh kind of ruin the taste. But silver, of course, 255 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:36,800 Speaker 1: is expensive. When silver plaining, therefore, was invented around the 256 00:16:36,840 --> 00:16:39,760 Speaker 1: seventeen hundreds, it allowed what would soon become an expanding 257 00:16:39,800 --> 00:16:44,560 Speaker 1: middle class of Europeans access to a fancy flatwear In 258 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:49,400 Speaker 1: Beginning in the nineteen hundreds, you get so many more, 259 00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:52,680 Speaker 1: even more types of forks, from bake light forks in 260 00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:54,920 Speaker 1: the nineteen forties to the bright neon ones in the 261 00:16:54,960 --> 00:17:00,000 Speaker 1: nineteen eighties. Oh yeah, plastic plastic makes possible. And comparisons 262 00:17:00,160 --> 00:17:04,800 Speaker 1: to chopsticks have pretty much existed since the forecast and 263 00:17:04,800 --> 00:17:09,399 Speaker 1: are more modern time. And here's one written written comparison 264 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:14,320 Speaker 1: by Roland Bars in the nineteen seventies. By chopsticks, food 265 00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:17,240 Speaker 1: becomes no longer a prey to which one does violence, 266 00:17:17,680 --> 00:17:21,160 Speaker 1: meat flesh over which one does battle, but as substance 267 00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:26,160 Speaker 1: harmoniously transferred. They transformed the previously divided substance into bird 268 00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:29,600 Speaker 1: food and rice into a flow of milk maternal. They 269 00:17:29,640 --> 00:17:33,320 Speaker 1: tirelessly perform the gesture which creates the mouthful, leaving to 270 00:17:33,359 --> 00:17:40,320 Speaker 1: our elementary manners, armed with pikes and knives, that of fredation. Yeah, 271 00:17:40,560 --> 00:17:43,480 Speaker 1: so kind of more nonsense. Um, people have a lot 272 00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:47,680 Speaker 1: to say about forks. They really do, They really do. 273 00:17:47,960 --> 00:17:50,480 Speaker 1: I guess we're talking about them, so I, yeah, we 274 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:52,480 Speaker 1: just did. We're doing a whole episode. We're not even 275 00:17:52,480 --> 00:17:54,880 Speaker 1: over yet. Nope. Yeah, but we are going to take 276 00:17:55,080 --> 00:18:06,960 Speaker 1: one more quick break for which from our sponsor, and 277 00:18:07,119 --> 00:18:12,320 Speaker 1: we're back. Thank you sponsor. Okay, so some kind of 278 00:18:12,359 --> 00:18:15,679 Speaker 1: science e things about the fork, Yes, science and future forks, 279 00:18:15,760 --> 00:18:19,800 Speaker 1: future forks, starting with the smelly fork. The smelly fork. 280 00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:21,960 Speaker 1: Don't you want it so badly? You know? I want 281 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:24,080 Speaker 1: my fork? Okay, I thought I wanted my forks to 282 00:18:24,080 --> 00:18:28,920 Speaker 1: be neutral? Am I wrong? Annie? You no, probably not, 283 00:18:30,119 --> 00:18:33,240 Speaker 1: but this does. I am intrigued by this. So it's 284 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:36,520 Speaker 1: not really called the smelly fork. It's called the Aroma 285 00:18:37,280 --> 00:18:41,840 Speaker 1: Revolution Kit, and it's this kit that comes with four 286 00:18:41,960 --> 00:18:45,640 Speaker 1: forks and twenty one cent vials things like with sabby 287 00:18:45,760 --> 00:18:48,760 Speaker 1: and passion fruit. And you put a drop of the 288 00:18:48,800 --> 00:18:51,640 Speaker 1: desired scent on a paper tab that you then insert 289 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:54,399 Speaker 1: at the base of the fork, and then if all 290 00:18:54,520 --> 00:18:57,880 Speaker 1: goes according to plan, the scent will influence the food 291 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:02,360 Speaker 1: you're actually eating with the fork. So maybe tricking your 292 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:05,399 Speaker 1: brain with a scent of butter rather than actual butter, 293 00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:10,320 Speaker 1: like you smell it. Okay, sure, well, I mean smell 294 00:19:10,359 --> 00:19:12,800 Speaker 1: has a lot to do with taste. It certainly does. 295 00:19:13,680 --> 00:19:16,280 Speaker 1: In the article I was reading, they said like they 296 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:18,480 Speaker 1: would put with sabi the cent of the sabi and 297 00:19:18,520 --> 00:19:20,919 Speaker 1: then eat chocolate off the fork, and it would be 298 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:24,800 Speaker 1: interesting combinations. A long way Togo. But you know, I mean, 299 00:19:24,880 --> 00:19:26,879 Speaker 1: I would just put some sabby in some chocolate if 300 00:19:26,920 --> 00:19:29,720 Speaker 1: I wanted to. But I mean, but but no, that's 301 00:19:29,760 --> 00:19:34,680 Speaker 1: that's fascinating. It is another fascinating fork. The smart fork 302 00:19:35,119 --> 00:19:38,520 Speaker 1: versus smelling folk, now the smart folk. At the yearly 303 00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:42,760 Speaker 1: Tech Convention c E s In, a company released a 304 00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:45,520 Speaker 1: fork that will monitor how many bites you take and 305 00:19:45,560 --> 00:19:48,480 Speaker 1: your rate of food in take. I'm not sure that's 306 00:19:48,520 --> 00:19:51,359 Speaker 1: information I want to know. If you ate too fast, 307 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:53,359 Speaker 1: it would vibrate the way that your phone does when 308 00:19:53,400 --> 00:19:55,680 Speaker 1: you get a text message to tell you to slow down. 309 00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:58,679 Speaker 1: The idea here being that if you eat more slowly UM, 310 00:19:58,720 --> 00:20:01,240 Speaker 1: allowing feedback from your stomach to go on and reach 311 00:20:01,280 --> 00:20:05,080 Speaker 1: your brain, you'll consume less overall. It's a weight loss tool. 312 00:20:06,320 --> 00:20:09,040 Speaker 1: And because it provided that vibration UM, which in the 313 00:20:09,080 --> 00:20:11,760 Speaker 1: industry is called haptic feedback because it relates to your 314 00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:17,280 Speaker 1: sense of touch, it was called the happy fork. Well yeah, 315 00:20:17,359 --> 00:20:19,960 Speaker 1: which is pretty good. Also, yeah, pretty good fun. It's 316 00:20:19,960 --> 00:20:22,200 Speaker 1: still on the market, but I'm not sure how popular 317 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:25,680 Speaker 1: it's ever gotten. I could use some reminders to slowdown 318 00:20:25,880 --> 00:20:29,560 Speaker 1: when I'm eating. I don't know, I've got other stuff 319 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:32,840 Speaker 1: to do. Sometimes sometimes I want to enjoy it. Sometimes 320 00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:36,000 Speaker 1: I'm just like, there's a difference between eating quickly and 321 00:20:36,040 --> 00:20:40,040 Speaker 1: eating like you're a starving animal, which is what I 322 00:20:40,520 --> 00:20:43,280 Speaker 1: frequently find myself doing it. And I'm not sure why 323 00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:48,000 Speaker 1: why am I acting like I have no time to eat? Ever? Again? Anyway, 324 00:20:48,560 --> 00:20:50,800 Speaker 1: enough about my eating habits and the work I might 325 00:20:50,920 --> 00:20:53,520 Speaker 1: need to do to improve them. UM something that I 326 00:20:53,640 --> 00:20:57,040 Speaker 1: frequently need reminders about our table etiquette. Yeah, I like 327 00:20:57,119 --> 00:20:59,280 Speaker 1: never went through like tillion or anything like that. So 328 00:20:59,320 --> 00:21:02,040 Speaker 1: I'm basically I'm mess at a table. Um. I feel 329 00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:05,880 Speaker 1: really bad. Yeah, but so okay, So there are actually 330 00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:09,520 Speaker 1: two schools of fork etiquette. Of course, as we mentioned earlier, 331 00:21:09,600 --> 00:21:13,320 Speaker 1: the American style is the zigzag kind of thing. Um. 332 00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:15,520 Speaker 1: But but first the the okay, so, so the the 333 00:21:15,560 --> 00:21:19,280 Speaker 1: European style. In the continental tradition that developed during the 334 00:21:19,280 --> 00:21:22,560 Speaker 1: eight hundreds, it's considered a proper etiquette to hold your 335 00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:27,560 Speaker 1: fork in your non dominant hand timees down and the 336 00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:30,639 Speaker 1: way the way that you should hold it. Here you okay, 337 00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:34,440 Speaker 1: you hold the base of the forks handle at the 338 00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:38,560 Speaker 1: base of your palm, Your thumb and finger grip the 339 00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:42,200 Speaker 1: stem of the fork, and then you stabilize the neck 340 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:46,560 Speaker 1: of the fork with your index finger. Okay, okay, all right, 341 00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:48,680 Speaker 1: try this with a pen if you're at home, or 342 00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:51,120 Speaker 1: if you have a fork, that's even better. Um that 343 00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:53,439 Speaker 1: that the fork those stays in that position, and the 344 00:21:53,520 --> 00:21:56,320 Speaker 1: knife in your dominant hand is used to both cut 345 00:21:56,359 --> 00:21:59,280 Speaker 1: food and to kind of push it gently onto the 346 00:21:59,320 --> 00:22:04,320 Speaker 1: downward lines of the fork. Okay, okay. Properly speaking, you 347 00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:07,399 Speaker 1: would set the knife down when you're not actively using it. 348 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:10,080 Speaker 1: But some places, especially the English, dude just kind of 349 00:22:10,119 --> 00:22:12,879 Speaker 1: hold onto it the whole time. Oh man, yeah, I 350 00:22:12,880 --> 00:22:14,480 Speaker 1: feel like I'm going to be tested on this later. 351 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:18,600 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, we're we're about to take a fieldure of 352 00:22:18,640 --> 00:22:22,879 Speaker 1: I'm totally gonna see if I can put this um 353 00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:26,280 Speaker 1: in this tradition in the European continental side, it's generally 354 00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:29,280 Speaker 1: considered very crashed to actually put any part of the 355 00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:33,719 Speaker 1: fork except maybe maybe the very tips of the times 356 00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:37,560 Speaker 1: into your mouth. Really yeah, So that's why Charles Dickens 357 00:22:37,680 --> 00:22:42,240 Speaker 1: is all totally yeah. Yeah. If you're dealing with food 358 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:45,760 Speaker 1: that would require putting the silverware in your mouth, it's 359 00:22:45,800 --> 00:22:48,359 Speaker 1: better to uh to use the fork or your knife 360 00:22:48,359 --> 00:22:51,879 Speaker 1: to push that food into your spoon, which is okay 361 00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:53,320 Speaker 1: to touch your lips as long as you do it 362 00:22:53,359 --> 00:22:56,000 Speaker 1: from the side of the spoon, not the tip. Okay. 363 00:22:56,080 --> 00:23:00,560 Speaker 1: So American style okay, um. This is basically old fashioned 364 00:23:01,280 --> 00:23:04,840 Speaker 1: European style, but is still considered proper here in America. 365 00:23:04,960 --> 00:23:07,520 Speaker 1: To um two okay, to uh to use your knife 366 00:23:07,520 --> 00:23:10,840 Speaker 1: with your dominant hand, with your fork helping stabilize the 367 00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:13,880 Speaker 1: food with your non dominant hand. And then once you've 368 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:16,000 Speaker 1: cut a piece of food, you put down the knife entirely, 369 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:19,400 Speaker 1: switch the fork to your dominant hand for eating, all right, 370 00:23:19,640 --> 00:23:24,200 Speaker 1: And you hold this fork times up, not times down, 371 00:23:24,880 --> 00:23:28,440 Speaker 1: not never times down. Maybe I don't know, I don't 372 00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:30,400 Speaker 1: know your life. Um, but but yeah, and you hold 373 00:23:30,440 --> 00:23:32,400 Speaker 1: it more like you would hold a hold a pen. 374 00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:36,280 Speaker 1: So the so the base of the handle rests on 375 00:23:36,359 --> 00:23:38,320 Speaker 1: kind of the the meaty bit of your hand between 376 00:23:38,320 --> 00:23:42,800 Speaker 1: the thumb and index finger. Um. The neck of the 377 00:23:42,840 --> 00:23:47,520 Speaker 1: fork is supported in between your index and middle finger. Yeah, 378 00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:51,119 Speaker 1: and uh, and then your thumb can balance pressure on 379 00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:55,360 Speaker 1: the stem of the fork. So yeah. So it's sort 380 00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:57,359 Speaker 1: of like a like a like a scoopy things. And 381 00:23:57,359 --> 00:24:00,800 Speaker 1: it's okay to scoop foods that require scooping like ease, say, 382 00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:03,600 Speaker 1: into the curved times of your fork, and to use 383 00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:05,879 Speaker 1: it like a spoon. In her book The Rituals of 384 00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:11,040 Speaker 1: Dinner from Margaret Vizier says of this denying a modern fork, 385 00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:17,679 Speaker 1: it's possible. Spoonlike use is wantonly perverse, wantonly what. So 386 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:19,880 Speaker 1: there you go. I hope, I hope that that made 387 00:24:19,920 --> 00:24:22,359 Speaker 1: some kind of it's hard to describe visual things. I 388 00:24:22,400 --> 00:24:24,439 Speaker 1: wish we had been filming it because Laura and I 389 00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:28,000 Speaker 1: were both acting like caveman trying to learn for the 390 00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:31,480 Speaker 1: first time with with my terrible claw hands. I felt 391 00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:33,639 Speaker 1: very zoidberg in the middle of all of that. I 392 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:35,879 Speaker 1: was just like, what is it doing? Why? And what 393 00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:39,440 Speaker 1: are these hand things? I don't understand. I feel like 394 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:41,240 Speaker 1: next time I eat, I'm going to pay so much 395 00:24:41,240 --> 00:24:42,920 Speaker 1: attention to what I'm doing with my hands that I'm 396 00:24:42,920 --> 00:24:45,359 Speaker 1: going to get confused. Yeah, I have to say I can't. 397 00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:50,119 Speaker 1: Being an American, not switching hands is very difficult for 398 00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:54,240 Speaker 1: me to to manage. Yeah. Yeah, I've tried it, and 399 00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:57,359 Speaker 1: it just I want to do it naturally and there's 400 00:24:57,400 --> 00:24:59,639 Speaker 1: no point. Yeah, and I wind up switching like the 401 00:24:59,720 --> 00:25:02,320 Speaker 1: knife to my non dominant hand and then I don't. 402 00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:05,520 Speaker 1: It's really it's really silly. You're like, that's just called 403 00:25:05,520 --> 00:25:08,600 Speaker 1: this whole thing off fingers. Bring me a bowl of 404 00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:11,679 Speaker 1: soup that I can just drink from and leave me 405 00:25:11,720 --> 00:25:16,280 Speaker 1: somewhere outside where I'm not going to embarrass anybody. Ah, 406 00:25:17,080 --> 00:25:21,440 Speaker 1: that's the scandalous history of the fork. Uh, maybe more 407 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:24,320 Speaker 1: questions than you've ever had about the fork, but answered 408 00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:30,520 Speaker 1: answered yeah dramatically and yeah, emply and dramatically. So this 409 00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:38,720 Speaker 1: brings us to our listener. Met Dale wrote, growing up, 410 00:25:38,720 --> 00:25:41,440 Speaker 1: I had a neighbor who was from Alsace Laurent, and 411 00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:44,000 Speaker 1: she would make an onion kiche and share with us. 412 00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:47,280 Speaker 1: Neither my mother nor I liked keish, so it's kind 413 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:50,520 Speaker 1: of a burden. One day she brought over half of 414 00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:52,560 Speaker 1: an onion kiche and we did not know what to 415 00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:54,280 Speaker 1: do with it. I asked if I should give it 416 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:55,920 Speaker 1: to the dog, and my mother said that it would 417 00:25:55,960 --> 00:25:58,840 Speaker 1: not be good for her, so we should give it 418 00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:02,879 Speaker 1: to dad, for which we did from that day Ford 419 00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:06,480 Speaker 1: and through the generations, we still tell the kids, don't 420 00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:09,760 Speaker 1: feed that to the dog, give it to dad. By 421 00:26:09,840 --> 00:26:12,520 Speaker 1: the way, when keish became popular in the seventies, we 422 00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:14,560 Speaker 1: discovered that the neighbor was just a terrible cook, and 423 00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:17,200 Speaker 1: we do, in fact like keish. I want to know 424 00:26:17,359 --> 00:26:20,320 Speaker 1: so much more about this neighbor who like bringing over 425 00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:24,200 Speaker 1: half of an onion kish and just just yeah, just 426 00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:28,840 Speaker 1: like bye. She sounds lovely, right. I would love to them, 427 00:26:29,080 --> 00:26:32,280 Speaker 1: even even if a terrible cook. Yes. Sophie wrote in 428 00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:36,200 Speaker 1: response to our Juliet Child episode, So throwback to little 429 00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:38,800 Speaker 1: twelve year old Sophie that used to watch Julie Child 430 00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:41,359 Speaker 1: every week. This was my favorite movie and was always 431 00:26:41,400 --> 00:26:44,800 Speaker 1: delighted by Julie's personality and vision of what cooking and 432 00:26:44,880 --> 00:26:48,200 Speaker 1: a common housewife could be. My English grandmother taught me 433 00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:50,040 Speaker 1: to cook from a young age, and I grew up 434 00:26:50,320 --> 00:26:54,280 Speaker 1: loving food thanks to her, good old Wendy. I always 435 00:26:54,320 --> 00:26:56,200 Speaker 1: told myself that I would do the same thing and 436 00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:58,560 Speaker 1: cook my way through mastering the art of French cooking. 437 00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:00,520 Speaker 1: But as I grew into a t nager and then 438 00:27:00,520 --> 00:27:03,960 Speaker 1: an adult, I forgot about my cooking dream until I 439 00:27:04,119 --> 00:27:06,520 Speaker 1: listened to your podcast on Julia and I have now 440 00:27:06,720 --> 00:27:09,119 Speaker 1: ordered my copy on Mastering the Art of French Cooking 441 00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:11,600 Speaker 1: and have set up an Instagram to document my journey. 442 00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:17,000 Speaker 1: That's so cool, Thank you, Sophie. Yeah, I'm very excited 443 00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:19,880 Speaker 1: for for you and your journey, and I'm just sad 444 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:22,760 Speaker 1: that we can't try the food. Thanks to both of 445 00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,720 Speaker 1: you for writing in. Yes, if you would like to 446 00:27:25,800 --> 00:27:28,119 Speaker 1: write into us, you can do so. Our email is 447 00:27:28,200 --> 00:27:30,480 Speaker 1: food Stuff at how stuff works dot com. We are 448 00:27:30,520 --> 00:27:33,200 Speaker 1: also on social media. You can find us on Instagram 449 00:27:33,359 --> 00:27:37,000 Speaker 1: at food stuff and also on Facebook and Twitter at 450 00:27:37,080 --> 00:27:40,480 Speaker 1: food Stuff. HSW stands for how stuff Works. We hope 451 00:27:40,520 --> 00:27:43,280 Speaker 1: that we hear from you. We hope that Dylan does 452 00:27:43,320 --> 00:27:46,240 Speaker 1: not completely hate us. That's Dylan Fagan, our wonderful producer. 453 00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:48,680 Speaker 1: And we hope that lots more good things are coming 454 00:27:48,720 --> 00:27:49,040 Speaker 1: your way.