1 00:00:04,240 --> 00:00:07,440 Speaker 1: Welcome to the a coort Happen. Here is practical guy 2 00:00:08,039 --> 00:00:11,560 Speaker 1: to make it Puma culture happen wherever you are. I 3 00:00:11,640 --> 00:00:16,040 Speaker 1: am your host for this episode, Andrew of the YouTube 4 00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:23,720 Speaker 1: channel andrewism and I'm joined here with Chris and Jeames 5 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:30,920 Speaker 1: he Lou. Hello, Hi, thanks for having us, Thanks for 6 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:36,879 Speaker 1: having me. It's the guest. Well, you're gonna walk us 7 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: through this. I'm very excited to learn more about it. Yes, 8 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:42,160 Speaker 1: so I really see it as a as a key 9 00:00:42,159 --> 00:00:45,760 Speaker 1: component in the restoration of the youth. And so I 10 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:52,240 Speaker 1: find it necessary that regardless of what direction your individual 11 00:00:53,360 --> 00:00:57,200 Speaker 1: practice is going in, we're we're looking to specialize or whatever. 12 00:00:57,280 --> 00:01:01,440 Speaker 1: Couldn't quoe specialize? I think it's still important to think 13 00:01:01,440 --> 00:01:04,360 Speaker 1: about where food comes from and think about ways that 14 00:01:04,480 --> 00:01:09,280 Speaker 1: we can enhanced and in large our food autonomy, especially 15 00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:17,560 Speaker 1: considering the multi layering crises that you know compounding these days. 16 00:01:21,040 --> 00:01:26,759 Speaker 1: Puma culture was first coined as a tomb by puma 17 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:32,280 Speaker 1: culturist Bill Mollison. It's a portmanteau of permanent agriculture and 18 00:01:32,319 --> 00:01:36,400 Speaker 1: permanent culture, and it's the conscious design and mainstance of 19 00:01:36,480 --> 00:01:42,200 Speaker 1: agriculturally productive ecosystems which have a diversity, stability and resilience 20 00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:46,880 Speaker 1: of natural ecosystems. It's a way of integrating landscape and 21 00:01:46,920 --> 00:01:50,480 Speaker 1: people providing their food, energy, shelter, and other material and 22 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:54,920 Speaker 1: other non material needs in a sustainable way. And just 23 00:01:55,040 --> 00:02:00,240 Speaker 1: to be clear, the concepts, the ideas, the principles that 24 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:05,920 Speaker 1: make up Puma culture have existed long before Bill Mollison 25 00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:10,239 Speaker 1: was born, have existed in cultures all over the world. 26 00:02:11,680 --> 00:02:16,360 Speaker 1: Bill Molson is just someone who has, I guess given 27 00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:23,040 Speaker 1: it a spin for a modern audience. But these principles, 28 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:24,840 Speaker 1: these ideas are things that have been in practice for 29 00:02:24,919 --> 00:02:30,240 Speaker 1: thousands of years, tens of thousands, even from the approach 30 00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:35,320 Speaker 1: to land management and settlement designed to the whole systems 31 00:02:35,360 --> 00:02:39,320 Speaker 1: thinking approach to nature which can be seen in a 32 00:02:39,320 --> 00:02:43,640 Speaker 1: lot of animals practices. It has a long history and 33 00:02:43,760 --> 00:02:48,600 Speaker 1: it's one that people who practice Fuma culture today research 34 00:02:48,639 --> 00:02:55,600 Speaker 1: Fuma culture will inevitably uncover in their learning process. However, 35 00:02:56,680 --> 00:03:00,640 Speaker 1: Bill Morrison first coined in the nineties seventies as a 36 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:03,600 Speaker 1: response to the oil embargoes they were taking place at 37 00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:09,840 Speaker 1: the time, by bringing together the traditional knowledge of a 38 00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:16,120 Speaker 1: vastery of indigenous cultures and combining them with certain modern 39 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:21,720 Speaker 1: design and layouts. It created a movement that is now 40 00:03:22,480 --> 00:03:27,840 Speaker 1: um spreading across the world from every on every continent. Honestly, 41 00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:35,640 Speaker 1: the way that Puma culture views UM the world views systems. 42 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:41,120 Speaker 1: It comes with an outlook that recognizes it all biological 43 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:45,400 Speaker 1: material is a potential energy source. The aim is to 44 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:49,360 Speaker 1: try to trap energy on your land and to use 45 00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:51,800 Speaker 1: that energy the most efficient way before a degrede to 46 00:03:51,920 --> 00:03:59,800 Speaker 1: create circular economies and cycles of energy. That how for 47 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:06,000 Speaker 1: actual sustainable agricultural practice, which unfortunately has not been the 48 00:04:06,040 --> 00:04:11,640 Speaker 1: aim of agriculture, especially industrial agriculture, and Superman culture represents 49 00:04:11,920 --> 00:04:17,279 Speaker 1: a challenge to that status school. The ethics of Puma 50 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:21,880 Speaker 1: culture are primarily focused on care for the earth, that 51 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:26,040 Speaker 1: being all living and on living things, care for all people. 52 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:31,560 Speaker 1: They're by promoting self alliance and community responsibility, the sort 53 00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:34,560 Speaker 1: of we all have access to the resources necessary for 54 00:04:34,600 --> 00:04:39,960 Speaker 1: existence and care for community in specifically community that allows 55 00:04:40,040 --> 00:04:45,920 Speaker 1: us to be to think of an approach our society 56 00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:49,159 Speaker 1: in a way that benefits all people in all life, 57 00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:54,640 Speaker 1: recognizing the community is not just our neighbors, It's not 58 00:04:54,800 --> 00:04:58,239 Speaker 1: just the people who live in our city or town. 59 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:03,760 Speaker 1: It is all the living things that incorporate our surroundings 60 00:05:03,800 --> 00:05:09,680 Speaker 1: and beyond the way that Puman culture approaches um design, 61 00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:14,400 Speaker 1: it's a lot of his emphasis and mimicking how the 62 00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:19,159 Speaker 1: natural world would attempt to stabilize. Of course, these systems 63 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:23,479 Speaker 1: take thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, even millions 64 00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:30,960 Speaker 1: of years two fully develop and age and reach some 65 00:05:31,080 --> 00:05:36,080 Speaker 1: kind of stable state. But public culture seeks to learn 66 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:40,880 Speaker 1: from you know, these old growth forests and these healthily ecosystems, 67 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:46,920 Speaker 1: and accelerate that process to establish things that will last 68 00:05:47,120 --> 00:05:52,840 Speaker 1: generations to established spaces that will provide for the needs 69 00:05:52,839 --> 00:05:57,159 Speaker 1: of people hundreds of years down the line. When it 70 00:05:57,160 --> 00:06:02,960 Speaker 1: comes to approaching pubical to design practically, first things first 71 00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:07,520 Speaker 1: to recognize is that anybody can take part in Puma 72 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:12,200 Speaker 1: culture design. Anybody can take part in constructing these sources 73 00:06:12,200 --> 00:06:15,720 Speaker 1: of systems, and it can be established. The basic principles 74 00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:21,120 Speaker 1: can be established regardless of your circumstances, your individual climate 75 00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:28,600 Speaker 1: or biosphere, because the principles are based on following what 76 00:06:28,839 --> 00:06:33,120 Speaker 1: nature was doing anyway. One of the first principles involves 77 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:40,359 Speaker 1: the recognition of the connections in a location, seeing that 78 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:44,479 Speaker 1: a web is stronger than a single string, meaning that 79 00:06:46,279 --> 00:06:48,800 Speaker 1: all of these different parts. The different moving parts coming 80 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:55,200 Speaker 1: together create something stronger than if each individual person, each 81 00:06:55,240 --> 00:07:00,760 Speaker 1: individual creature trying to move by itself. It also looks 82 00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:05,440 Speaker 1: at the connection between waste and resources. We all on 83 00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:08,200 Speaker 1: the old adage just says, you know, one man's trash 84 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:12,560 Speaker 1: is another mantag of treasure, but when it comes to ecosystems, 85 00:07:12,880 --> 00:07:15,640 Speaker 1: we should really be taking it quite literally, because the 86 00:07:15,760 --> 00:07:20,280 Speaker 1: waste of one part of the system directly feeds into 87 00:07:20,360 --> 00:07:27,360 Speaker 1: the resource of another part. Decomposing plants and animals directly 88 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:34,720 Speaker 1: feed into the fungal networks and flourishing of the next 89 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:39,400 Speaker 1: generation of plants animals as and in that web, in 90 00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:44,000 Speaker 1: that network. In those connections, we can also recognize for 91 00:07:44,040 --> 00:07:49,000 Speaker 1: principle too, that each element performs multiple functions. If we are, 92 00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:53,720 Speaker 1: for example, keeping chickens, they can be a source of 93 00:07:54,520 --> 00:07:58,960 Speaker 1: eggs and feathers and protein, of course, but they also 94 00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:06,160 Speaker 1: produced mania, and their daily activity helps to aerate the soil, 95 00:08:06,920 --> 00:08:11,720 Speaker 1: and they also provide insect control um allowing your plans 96 00:08:11,720 --> 00:08:16,559 Speaker 1: to food the flourish banana trees. They provide bananas, of course, 97 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:19,640 Speaker 1: they provide fruit. They also provide starch and mulch, and 98 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:23,760 Speaker 1: protection and shade and they hold water quite well. Actually, 99 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:27,800 Speaker 1: when I had taken a puma culture design course a 100 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:30,120 Speaker 1: couple of months ago, one of the things that I 101 00:08:30,160 --> 00:08:32,760 Speaker 1: had learned from the guy who was running it was 102 00:08:32,840 --> 00:08:35,000 Speaker 1: that he had told his story and he had done 103 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:39,160 Speaker 1: this this project in Barbarous and in Barbados he was 104 00:08:39,200 --> 00:08:47,360 Speaker 1: called to restore sort of like an old sand mine, um, 105 00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:50,520 Speaker 1: because you run out of sand. Well, it's close running 106 00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:53,000 Speaker 1: out of sand. And so the community that was reliant 107 00:08:53,040 --> 00:08:57,439 Speaker 1: in that sand mine didn't really have any direction, um 108 00:08:57,520 --> 00:09:00,040 Speaker 1: because their economy, their local economy, and so rely and 109 00:09:00,240 --> 00:09:03,400 Speaker 1: on those jobs. When he came in, it's just like 110 00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:05,400 Speaker 1: and you showed the pictures, it's just just very very 111 00:09:05,520 --> 00:09:11,920 Speaker 1: very barren landscape, very dry, very dusty, And I was 112 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:20,560 Speaker 1: honestly in disbelief that something so dead, so destroyed, something 113 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:23,400 Speaker 1: so devolved, it could be as radically transformed as he 114 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:27,120 Speaker 1: had transformed it. Unfortunately, this is a podcast, not a video, 115 00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:30,760 Speaker 1: or otherwise I would show you the pictures. But the 116 00:09:30,840 --> 00:09:35,599 Speaker 1: transformation was stunning. I want of the elements that he 117 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:39,600 Speaker 1: had used to transform that dry landscape into a lush 118 00:09:40,360 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: food forest was banana trees, because surprisingly, banana trees are 119 00:09:47,960 --> 00:09:53,040 Speaker 1: very effective well Unsurprisingly, branana trees are very effective act, 120 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:57,960 Speaker 1: growing quickly and providing shade to other plants, and so 121 00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:00,360 Speaker 1: as these other plants are growing up, they have the 122 00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:03,440 Speaker 1: shaded banana tree to protect them from the harsh sun 123 00:10:03,880 --> 00:10:05,560 Speaker 1: and to the banana trees. While they may not be 124 00:10:06,280 --> 00:10:08,800 Speaker 1: the top doors to the forest in the end, by 125 00:10:08,800 --> 00:10:11,320 Speaker 1: the time the forest is fully established, because plant trees 126 00:10:11,360 --> 00:10:15,679 Speaker 1: don't get that tall, they're still vital in that early 127 00:10:15,760 --> 00:10:19,760 Speaker 1: stage in providing that function of shape that allows the 128 00:10:19,760 --> 00:10:22,959 Speaker 1: rest of the forest to establish itself. That's really cool. 129 00:10:23,640 --> 00:10:28,120 Speaker 1: It's very very very cool. I will all pictures after. 130 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:32,480 Speaker 1: It's like a place people could see them online like Instagram. 131 00:10:32,559 --> 00:10:38,120 Speaker 1: They could look up or something. Yes, so um, if 132 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:43,880 Speaker 1: you go on Wassamaki Puma culture dot org. I believe 133 00:10:44,040 --> 00:10:47,040 Speaker 1: he has the pictures up there that will be w 134 00:10:47,360 --> 00:10:53,079 Speaker 1: E S A M A k I Puma culture dot org. 135 00:10:54,559 --> 00:10:58,440 Speaker 1: And if I remember correctly, he has the pictures on there. Yeah. 136 00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:01,800 Speaker 1: Was it like a sand mine A four or something? Yeah, 137 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:05,880 Speaker 1: it was a sand mine. Yeah. Jeez, wow, it looks 138 00:11:05,880 --> 00:11:07,880 Speaker 1: like there's no goodness in the soil. And the first 139 00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:12,400 Speaker 1: one and then yeah yeah at the end to go 140 00:11:12,480 --> 00:11:16,559 Speaker 1: back into the recording aspect. When it came to that project, 141 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:21,800 Speaker 1: A large part of it was just getting that life 142 00:11:22,040 --> 00:11:26,120 Speaker 1: in the soil. So they were taken. They were getting 143 00:11:26,200 --> 00:11:30,120 Speaker 1: mulch and manua from wherever they could get it, just 144 00:11:30,280 --> 00:11:33,440 Speaker 1: to give some life for that soil. They would grow 145 00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:38,840 Speaker 1: sitting like hardy, fast growing plants and then chop them 146 00:11:38,880 --> 00:11:41,319 Speaker 1: down after they had grew in sufficiently so they would 147 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:45,200 Speaker 1: die right where they lay and provide nutrients to the soil. 148 00:11:45,679 --> 00:11:48,960 Speaker 1: And that process was what helps to build up that 149 00:11:49,080 --> 00:11:52,840 Speaker 1: soil even before you started planting the bananas and other stuff. 150 00:11:53,800 --> 00:11:55,600 Speaker 1: And were they able like you're saying, they were getting 151 00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:57,360 Speaker 1: some of that stuff wherever they could get it, like, 152 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:00,839 Speaker 1: and were they able to get that that was it 153 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:03,560 Speaker 1: like considered a waste product? I guess better people they 154 00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:06,440 Speaker 1: got it from. And so like I know, I have 155 00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:11,640 Speaker 1: chickens and they obviously produced like manure, and I'll put 156 00:12:11,720 --> 00:12:14,679 Speaker 1: some of it in my like vegetables to the grad 157 00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:17,680 Speaker 1: but I'll just give it to anyone else who wants it. 158 00:12:17,640 --> 00:12:19,320 Speaker 1: It is that a thing that they were able to 159 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:23,480 Speaker 1: do there. Yeah, I think people are donated um and 160 00:12:23,559 --> 00:12:26,199 Speaker 1: I mean I would assume at least and turned I 161 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:29,040 Speaker 1: don't know what the case is in Barbados, but in 162 00:12:29,120 --> 00:12:33,920 Speaker 1: turn that they are bush trucks which pass every once 163 00:12:33,920 --> 00:12:38,320 Speaker 1: in a while to collect whatever, you know, branches and 164 00:12:39,120 --> 00:12:42,719 Speaker 1: cut grass and whatever people have put out um from 165 00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:45,520 Speaker 1: their yard work or whatever. So I would assume that 166 00:12:45,559 --> 00:12:49,440 Speaker 1: they would have asked the bush truck people to you know, 167 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:53,720 Speaker 1: bring some of that stuff to the site to help out, 168 00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:55,439 Speaker 1: because a lot of people, you know, they just put 169 00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:56,960 Speaker 1: that in front of the yard waiting for the bush 170 00:12:56,960 --> 00:12:59,439 Speaker 1: struck to pass. And so a lot of very good 171 00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:06,640 Speaker 1: potential sources of like UM ecosystem building, that sort of 172 00:13:06,880 --> 00:13:11,760 Speaker 1: that so called waste really resources gets wasted when it 173 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:16,640 Speaker 1: could really see um, a lot of these kinds of projects. Yeah, 174 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:21,080 Speaker 1: that's very cool. Yeah, yes, something that like I don't 175 00:13:21,080 --> 00:13:24,640 Speaker 1: know if if you ever read UN documents about like 176 00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:27,439 Speaker 1: stopping climate change, like they always have a giant section 177 00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:30,200 Speaker 1: about circular about circular economy stuff, but about sort of 178 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:34,400 Speaker 1: I mean basically doing this stuff and then nothing ever 179 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:37,560 Speaker 1: happens and no one ever does it, and so yeah, 180 00:13:37,679 --> 00:13:40,960 Speaker 1: it's it's really cool that like this is a place 181 00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:44,800 Speaker 1: where those ideas which like are if there's if we 182 00:13:44,840 --> 00:13:47,480 Speaker 1: are going to survive as a species with like most 183 00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:50,439 Speaker 1: of us alive and doing well, we're going to have 184 00:13:50,520 --> 00:13:56,520 Speaker 1: to do exactly getting implemented. I'm I'm kind of reminded 185 00:13:56,600 --> 00:14:00,800 Speaker 1: just on this sort of topic. I've i in Rwanda 186 00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:04,280 Speaker 1: and February, and one of the things that really struck 187 00:14:04,280 --> 00:14:08,040 Speaker 1: me with this system of agriculture that they've devised where um, 188 00:14:08,920 --> 00:14:13,319 Speaker 1: they have paddies that they grow rice right like submerged, 189 00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:17,280 Speaker 1: and then in there there are living fish and then 190 00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:20,720 Speaker 1: above them they are like little hutches with rabbits and 191 00:14:20,880 --> 00:14:25,760 Speaker 1: so like the rabbit manure helps to fertilize what's growing beneath, 192 00:14:26,080 --> 00:14:29,320 Speaker 1: and then like it's this kind of circular thing where 193 00:14:29,360 --> 00:14:30,960 Speaker 1: I think they can feed some of the things that 194 00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:35,080 Speaker 1: they cut off the plant to the rabbits and it's 195 00:14:35,080 --> 00:14:37,520 Speaker 1: sort of like and the fish will help keep the 196 00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:40,040 Speaker 1: water clean. I think that like filter fish. I can't 197 00:14:40,080 --> 00:14:42,520 Speaker 1: quite plant to keep it clean for the fish. It 198 00:14:42,600 --> 00:14:44,920 Speaker 1: was fascinating. I was like, this is amazing, Like they're 199 00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:47,040 Speaker 1: not as opposed to I grew up on a farm 200 00:14:47,080 --> 00:14:49,840 Speaker 1: and like I'm very familiar with some of the larger 201 00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:55,000 Speaker 1: arable sort of grain like grains in the UK, and 202 00:14:55,040 --> 00:14:59,240 Speaker 1: how you're relying on a ton of exogenous inputs, which 203 00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:01,080 Speaker 1: I was just so impressed with the fact that they 204 00:15:01,080 --> 00:15:05,760 Speaker 1: devised a system that didn't require those exactly exactly you 205 00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:09,720 Speaker 1: really want to. Of course you might, we will have 206 00:15:09,760 --> 00:15:13,680 Speaker 1: to get external sources, especially in the beginning as you're 207 00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:16,840 Speaker 1: trying to establish the system. But the aim is really 208 00:15:16,880 --> 00:15:21,440 Speaker 1: to have this system continuously establishing itself and expanding itself 209 00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:26,120 Speaker 1: and maintaining itself. Yeah, would it be a system that 210 00:15:26,240 --> 00:15:32,600 Speaker 1: works mostly uh, with like a plant based food stuff? 211 00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:41,040 Speaker 1: So I guess that seems generally most Yeah. Absolutely. I mean, manya, 212 00:15:41,080 --> 00:15:45,120 Speaker 1: that's a really powerful source of fertilizer. And I think 213 00:15:45,120 --> 00:15:50,000 Speaker 1: you can keep animals without you know, eating them or 214 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:52,080 Speaker 1: using them anyway, if you just want to, you know, 215 00:15:53,720 --> 00:15:57,280 Speaker 1: because they make good companions and stuff as well. Yeah, 216 00:15:57,480 --> 00:16:01,640 Speaker 1: that's but yeah, yeah, I would say a plant focused 217 00:16:02,120 --> 00:16:06,640 Speaker 1: system could definitely. But and to sort of rhyme or 218 00:16:06,680 --> 00:16:09,800 Speaker 1: align with principle too, which said that each element performs 219 00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:14,640 Speaker 1: multiple functions. It's also important to have each function supported 220 00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:18,200 Speaker 1: by multiple elements, right, So you don't want to get 221 00:16:18,240 --> 00:16:21,720 Speaker 1: all your food from one source. You want to have 222 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:25,600 Speaker 1: a mix of trees and roots and short crops and cultivates. 223 00:16:25,640 --> 00:16:27,400 Speaker 1: I mean having all your food coming from one source 224 00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:30,680 Speaker 1: is basically what we do now with you know, these 225 00:16:30,720 --> 00:16:35,440 Speaker 1: mono cultures, with these this industrial farming that has these 226 00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:38,640 Speaker 1: fields and fields and fields that are so susceptible to 227 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:44,280 Speaker 1: pests and disease that we have to basically drenched them 228 00:16:44,280 --> 00:16:48,440 Speaker 1: with chemicals just a lot and to survive. Because and 229 00:16:49,360 --> 00:16:51,440 Speaker 1: the same guy who did the course, he explains it 230 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:56,920 Speaker 1: me like this. He said that when there's a system 231 00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:03,320 Speaker 1: in nature and it's not in balance, they basically send 232 00:17:03,320 --> 00:17:05,680 Speaker 1: out a signal saying, eight, this is not in balance, 233 00:17:05,720 --> 00:17:09,840 Speaker 1: come and fix it. And so these so called pests, 234 00:17:09,880 --> 00:17:14,160 Speaker 1: these bugs and stuff, they come to these aberrations, these 235 00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:20,800 Speaker 1: freaks of nature, these massive fields of crops, and recognizing 236 00:17:20,800 --> 00:17:28,240 Speaker 1: that this is not sustainable um establishments in the landscape, 237 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:33,480 Speaker 1: they try to try to optimize. Right, he calls them. 238 00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:36,639 Speaker 1: He doesn't call them pests. He calls them optimizers. So 239 00:17:36,760 --> 00:17:41,560 Speaker 1: if you have, for example, uh, excessive amount of a 240 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:47,200 Speaker 1: certain test in your system, something's wrong with that system 241 00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:51,840 Speaker 1: because those so called pests, those optimizers are only able 242 00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:54,240 Speaker 1: to flood your system because they don't have the mechanism. 243 00:17:54,320 --> 00:17:56,840 Speaker 1: System doesn't have the mechanisms in place to keep them 244 00:17:56,840 --> 00:18:01,080 Speaker 1: in check. So you don't have the fauna, the larger 245 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:05,840 Speaker 1: insects and stuff in your system that will keep those 246 00:18:06,040 --> 00:18:08,960 Speaker 1: pests in check. There's an imbalance in place, and that's 247 00:18:09,160 --> 00:18:10,960 Speaker 1: something that needs to be rectified, and there are different 248 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:14,199 Speaker 1: ways to rectify depend on this situation. Another example, and 249 00:18:14,240 --> 00:18:18,160 Speaker 1: this isn't um from the pooma culture pom culture course. 250 00:18:18,880 --> 00:18:23,280 Speaker 1: Another example was the this I believe someone was talking 251 00:18:23,320 --> 00:18:28,200 Speaker 1: about the presence of wolves in some of the parks 252 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:32,400 Speaker 1: in in the US and how reintroducing those wolves did 253 00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:36,800 Speaker 1: so much to regulate the rest of the ecosystem, the 254 00:18:37,160 --> 00:18:40,080 Speaker 1: ripple effects that had an the rest of the ecosystem 255 00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:46,080 Speaker 1: um stabilizing the day of populations, and stabilizing um the 256 00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:50,119 Speaker 1: beaver populations, and stabilizing all these other different plants and 257 00:18:50,160 --> 00:18:53,040 Speaker 1: animal species that you would think are not even connected 258 00:18:53,080 --> 00:18:57,399 Speaker 1: to the wolves, but still their presence played in a 259 00:18:57,400 --> 00:19:01,600 Speaker 1: significant rule in maintaining that balance. Yeah. Go go watch 260 00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:06,040 Speaker 1: how wolves change rivers. It's literally five minutes and it rules. Yeah, 261 00:19:06,040 --> 00:19:11,040 Speaker 1: it's amazing. It's just like the concept of rewilding. Is 262 00:19:11,080 --> 00:19:14,480 Speaker 1: that what would that be a similar thing? Yeah? Yeah, 263 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:19,399 Speaker 1: rewilding is basically it's Puma culture had to be more 264 00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:27,679 Speaker 1: focused on sustaining human communities in you know, in a 265 00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:32,439 Speaker 1: balance with the rest of the natural world, whereas Rewilding 266 00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:39,600 Speaker 1: is more focused on helping to rebuild ecosystems outside of 267 00:19:39,640 --> 00:19:44,040 Speaker 1: the human sphere. He says, I understand it. Yeah, yeah, 268 00:19:44,119 --> 00:20:04,920 Speaker 1: that makes me no sense to me. So with principle three, 269 00:20:05,040 --> 00:20:08,399 Speaker 1: which was three or trate, was that each function should 270 00:20:08,440 --> 00:20:11,600 Speaker 1: be supported by multiple elements. You don't want to get 271 00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:14,320 Speaker 1: all your food from one source. You just want to 272 00:20:14,359 --> 00:20:16,679 Speaker 1: grow like rows and rows of trees or rows and 273 00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:20,800 Speaker 1: rows of corn. You want to grow a mix of 274 00:20:21,040 --> 00:20:24,760 Speaker 1: trees and roots and short crops and cultivars and all 275 00:20:24,800 --> 00:20:30,439 Speaker 1: these different species and variations that would make up like 276 00:20:30,560 --> 00:20:36,119 Speaker 1: an actual forest. The food forest is approach that a 277 00:20:36,160 --> 00:20:40,080 Speaker 1: lot of prima culturists would advocate. And within a food forest, 278 00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:46,880 Speaker 1: you would have I believe, seven major groups, this sort 279 00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:51,960 Speaker 1: of seven levels that creator sort of a beneficial system. 280 00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:54,720 Speaker 1: On the top layer, you have the canopy, which consists 281 00:20:54,760 --> 00:20:58,400 Speaker 1: of large fruits and nut trees. They provide the most 282 00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:02,600 Speaker 1: shade and they keep the whole area will climb into 283 00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:05,520 Speaker 1: the area stable. On that second layer, you're gonna have 284 00:21:05,560 --> 00:21:09,119 Speaker 1: the low tree layer, which has the dwarf fruit trees. 285 00:21:10,080 --> 00:21:13,480 Speaker 1: The smaller fruit trees would fall under the canopy. On 286 00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:16,520 Speaker 1: the third layer, you would have the shrub layer where 287 00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:20,240 Speaker 1: would grow you know, your berries and other small you 288 00:21:20,280 --> 00:21:24,200 Speaker 1: know plants. And below that you have the hoobeceous layer 289 00:21:24,600 --> 00:21:29,280 Speaker 1: where you would grow different houbs and spices and things 290 00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:32,719 Speaker 1: like that. And then below that you have your root vegetables, 291 00:21:33,119 --> 00:21:36,040 Speaker 1: and below that you have well, you can't really go 292 00:21:36,119 --> 00:21:38,960 Speaker 1: below the root vegetables, but next to those three vegetables 293 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:41,800 Speaker 1: you would want to grow your soil surface crops, your 294 00:21:41,840 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 1: ground cover, um like they're certain running beans and stuff 295 00:21:46,040 --> 00:21:48,800 Speaker 1: that would help to create a groundcover which protects the 296 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:54,720 Speaker 1: soil and prevents the establishment of undesirable plants which we 297 00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:57,879 Speaker 1: quote wheats. And then finally, the seventh layer is the 298 00:21:57,960 --> 00:22:00,720 Speaker 1: vertical layer, which consists of the climb us and vines. 299 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:04,159 Speaker 1: It would establish themselves on the low tree layer and 300 00:22:04,200 --> 00:22:06,720 Speaker 1: the canopy. So if you have that sort of food 301 00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:11,000 Speaker 1: forest system in place, with all those seven layers, you're 302 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:15,120 Speaker 1: not getting each function supported by one element to getting 303 00:22:15,119 --> 00:22:18,200 Speaker 1: it supported by many elements. The same goal is for water. 304 00:22:18,640 --> 00:22:22,320 Speaker 1: You want to get all your water source coming from 305 00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:27,200 Speaker 1: just like the pipes and whatever water the government sends you. 306 00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:31,440 Speaker 1: You want to have water coming from the rain if possible. 307 00:22:31,440 --> 00:22:34,119 Speaker 1: You might want to tap into the water table, or 308 00:22:34,160 --> 00:22:36,200 Speaker 1: you might want to depend on your situation, you might 309 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:39,399 Speaker 1: have extreme or you might be on a hill, in 310 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:42,720 Speaker 1: which case you'd have water flowing down and you want 311 00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:46,560 Speaker 1: to find ways to trap that water and to conserve 312 00:22:46,680 --> 00:22:50,639 Speaker 1: that water so that is distributed throughout your system. Unlike 313 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:54,080 Speaker 1: regular home garden. Part of the aim of a puma 314 00:22:54,119 --> 00:22:59,080 Speaker 1: culture um system is that it just like in nature, 315 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:04,040 Speaker 1: waters itself. It takes care of itself, and so you're 316 00:23:04,040 --> 00:23:06,280 Speaker 1: going to have to want You're gonna want to have 317 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:11,040 Speaker 1: all sources of different sources of water elements in place 318 00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:15,040 Speaker 1: to provide that water. The same goes for energy. You 319 00:23:15,040 --> 00:23:16,879 Speaker 1: would want to get all the energy from one source. 320 00:23:17,680 --> 00:23:22,199 Speaker 1: You want to combine you know, human power, animal power, 321 00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:28,679 Speaker 1: hydro electricity if possible, soul of power if possible. Basically, 322 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:34,520 Speaker 1: redundancy is very important. Redundancy is very important, and I'll 323 00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:40,639 Speaker 1: see it again for emphasis. Redundancy is very important. The 324 00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:44,280 Speaker 1: next principle, principle number four is if you want to 325 00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:51,520 Speaker 1: approach puma culture with energy efficiency in mind, particularly your 326 00:23:51,560 --> 00:23:55,320 Speaker 1: own energy. So on the more practical side of things, 327 00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:59,120 Speaker 1: if you you might want to do what my mentor 328 00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:02,520 Speaker 1: my guide had done, which was a zone and sector analysis. 329 00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:05,880 Speaker 1: So basically, you draw like a map of your space. 330 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:11,360 Speaker 1: You outline your daily patterns and the energies that come 331 00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:14,600 Speaker 1: from outside your site, like wind and rain and flood 332 00:24:14,640 --> 00:24:18,240 Speaker 1: and fire and pollution and noise and smells and all 333 00:24:18,240 --> 00:24:21,040 Speaker 1: these different things. You want to look at how you 334 00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:22,399 Speaker 1: move through your space. You want to look at how 335 00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:25,199 Speaker 1: the sunshine passes over your space. You want to look 336 00:24:25,240 --> 00:24:28,280 Speaker 1: at the view, and you want to try to harness 337 00:24:28,359 --> 00:24:33,040 Speaker 1: those good energies, whether it be the rain or wind 338 00:24:33,640 --> 00:24:38,320 Speaker 1: or whatever it maybe the sun and plant Accordingly, you 339 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:42,000 Speaker 1: don't want to have sun sensitive plants on like the 340 00:24:42,040 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 1: south side of your property, of your space wherever the spaces, 341 00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:52,119 Speaker 1: and you wouldn't want to have plants that need a 342 00:24:52,119 --> 00:24:54,800 Speaker 1: lot of sun in the shade. You also want to 343 00:24:54,800 --> 00:24:57,320 Speaker 1: divvy up your your space. Once you've done that map 344 00:24:57,800 --> 00:24:59,800 Speaker 1: of your space, you want to divvy it up into zoons. 345 00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:03,240 Speaker 1: So right first zone not be your immediate live in space. 346 00:25:04,160 --> 00:25:08,960 Speaker 1: The second zone would have an intensive kitchen garden start 347 00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:12,359 Speaker 1: first Soon it would be a place of consumption and 348 00:25:12,480 --> 00:25:15,400 Speaker 1: processing of whatever it is that your system is producing. 349 00:25:15,800 --> 00:25:18,000 Speaker 1: It doesn't necessarily have to be a house. It could 350 00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:26,720 Speaker 1: be uh community kitchen, or it can be uh campus clubhouse. 351 00:25:26,800 --> 00:25:28,920 Speaker 1: I don't know. It could be any space that you're 352 00:25:28,960 --> 00:25:32,159 Speaker 1: using for consumption and processing. The next zone is going 353 00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:34,200 Speaker 1: to be intensive kitchen garden. It's a place where you 354 00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:39,840 Speaker 1: would want to grow the plants that cycle through more quickly, UM, 355 00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:43,359 Speaker 1: the spices and the herbs and the different things that 356 00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:46,280 Speaker 1: you would use on a regular basis. The next zone 357 00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:53,120 Speaker 1: would want to have its focus on local support, community support, 358 00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:57,520 Speaker 1: and surplus. So this zone UM, the first zone is 359 00:25:57,560 --> 00:26:00,880 Speaker 1: actually technically zone zero. The second zoneer zone one as 360 00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:04,000 Speaker 1: a Zone two, which is that sort of local support 361 00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:07,880 Speaker 1: space that orchard is. We want to grow um, your 362 00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:13,480 Speaker 1: fruit trees, your ornamentals, UM, I want to raise raise 363 00:26:13,560 --> 00:26:15,919 Speaker 1: animals there, and you basically wanted to be a space 364 00:26:15,960 --> 00:26:20,480 Speaker 1: where you can provide for the local community, separate and 365 00:26:20,560 --> 00:26:25,119 Speaker 1: apart from your own produce. Zone three would also have 366 00:26:25,840 --> 00:26:29,240 Speaker 1: the emphasis on production. Zone three probably the space where 367 00:26:29,240 --> 00:26:32,159 Speaker 1: you have your main crops, the crops you spend a 368 00:26:32,160 --> 00:26:35,800 Speaker 1: lot of time focusing on. Zone four would also have 369 00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:43,600 Speaker 1: a lot of investment in establishing a sustainable sort of 370 00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:47,920 Speaker 1: life cycle um for more long term plants, and Zone 371 00:26:48,040 --> 00:26:55,600 Speaker 1: five would be a space of wilderness, of forest of 372 00:26:55,840 --> 00:27:02,280 Speaker 1: wildlife corridors that allow species of free wilding even within 373 00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:10,320 Speaker 1: your mall constructed site. Having your system split into zones 374 00:27:11,920 --> 00:27:15,639 Speaker 1: helps you to reduce the amount of work that you 375 00:27:15,720 --> 00:27:18,080 Speaker 1: put in, the amount of resources use, the amount of 376 00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:21,639 Speaker 1: maintenance you'll need, and it also helps you to boost 377 00:27:21,680 --> 00:27:26,440 Speaker 1: to yields and to recycle resources most effectively. The fifth 378 00:27:26,720 --> 00:27:34,560 Speaker 1: principle is the use of biological resources natural insecticides, timber, 379 00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:39,040 Speaker 1: nitrogen fixers, whatever the case may be, you want to 380 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:44,640 Speaker 1: be using the systems that have evolved to fulfill those rules. 381 00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:49,159 Speaker 1: To fulfill those rules, you may or may not be 382 00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:54,399 Speaker 1: afraid of certain creatures. I myself, personally, I don't like 383 00:27:54,480 --> 00:28:00,880 Speaker 1: frogs or toads, or really I don't like most animals personally, 384 00:28:00,880 --> 00:28:03,840 Speaker 1: I just survivee with them. However, Comma, I recognize the 385 00:28:03,880 --> 00:28:08,119 Speaker 1: importance right, So frogs and bats and snakes, all of 386 00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:13,560 Speaker 1: these creatures helped provide like a stable system. Whether it 387 00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:19,160 Speaker 1: be snakes dealing with um crats or bats stealing with insects, 388 00:28:19,280 --> 00:28:22,280 Speaker 1: or frogs also dealing with insects. You men want to 389 00:28:22,359 --> 00:28:26,200 Speaker 1: use companion planting as well. Um, like the three Sisters method, 390 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:31,080 Speaker 1: which is a combination of beans, corn, and what's the 391 00:28:31,119 --> 00:28:35,239 Speaker 1: third one again with squashes, right, and squash, and that 392 00:28:35,280 --> 00:28:38,440 Speaker 1: would help to establish you know itself and maintain itself. 393 00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:42,040 Speaker 1: It's sort of like a microcosm of the Broada Puma 394 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:46,640 Speaker 1: culture concept and one that has been in practice funititive years. 395 00:28:46,840 --> 00:28:53,640 Speaker 1: The sixth principle is the practice of energy cycling, trapping 396 00:28:53,680 --> 00:28:59,720 Speaker 1: sunlight through greenhouses, making the most used basically out of 397 00:28:59,720 --> 00:29:03,320 Speaker 1: the energy that flews through your system before it leaves 398 00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:07,520 Speaker 1: your system, recycling the organic matter that passes three system 399 00:29:07,560 --> 00:29:12,560 Speaker 1: so that produces no real waste. UM. When I was 400 00:29:12,640 --> 00:29:18,840 Speaker 1: at the site at the Puma culture forest, I witnessed 401 00:29:20,400 --> 00:29:25,440 Speaker 1: compost toilet for the first time and was immediately grossed 402 00:29:25,520 --> 00:29:31,600 Speaker 1: up by the concept. However, Comma upon being blown away 403 00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:36,200 Speaker 1: by the product of those compost to that I changed 404 00:29:36,240 --> 00:29:38,440 Speaker 1: my tune very quickly. And although I would not I 405 00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:41,520 Speaker 1: probably would not use a compost toilet on a regular basis. 406 00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:46,240 Speaker 1: I think it has some benefit, um, because we're flushing 407 00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:52,040 Speaker 1: away some some real power, some real nutrition stuff. UM. 408 00:29:52,080 --> 00:29:55,680 Speaker 1: Of course, there are risks associated with using human mania. 409 00:29:56,360 --> 00:29:59,600 Speaker 1: But the process that he had put in place involved 410 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:04,360 Speaker 1: using in human waste um and then for every certain 411 00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:07,040 Speaker 1: amount of human waste, you would dump sawdust on top 412 00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:09,960 Speaker 1: of it. And that sawdust helps to deal with the 413 00:30:10,040 --> 00:30:12,760 Speaker 1: smell um so much so that I actually didn't smell 414 00:30:12,760 --> 00:30:16,320 Speaker 1: anything when I opened up those those compost toilets. But 415 00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:19,200 Speaker 1: it also helps to create that balance between the carbon 416 00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:23,520 Speaker 1: and the nitrogen that is required for compost. And so 417 00:30:23,600 --> 00:30:28,760 Speaker 1: after that, after a tub has been filled compostor the 418 00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:31,800 Speaker 1: tub has been filled, he seals it up, leaves it 419 00:30:31,840 --> 00:30:34,560 Speaker 1: for a year to break down, and by the time 420 00:30:34,600 --> 00:30:38,120 Speaker 1: it comes out, it's just like regular soil. However, of 421 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:41,760 Speaker 1: course safety prequestions, I believe he only uses it for 422 00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:44,800 Speaker 1: his orchards, so only like fruit trees and other kinds 423 00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:47,400 Speaker 1: of trees. I spent a lot of time so far 424 00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:51,959 Speaker 1: discussing these sort of larger systems where you know, I'm 425 00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:55,520 Speaker 1: basically assuming you have several acres of land like this 426 00:30:55,600 --> 00:30:58,400 Speaker 1: guy does. I don't have several acres of land. I 427 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:02,720 Speaker 1: don't have an inch of land um, and I feel 428 00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:05,960 Speaker 1: like a lot of people listening don't. So there are 429 00:31:06,120 --> 00:31:10,440 Speaker 1: elements that you can incorporate on the small scale such 430 00:31:10,440 --> 00:31:16,120 Speaker 1: as grew boxes. You can have deep litter beds, you 431 00:31:16,160 --> 00:31:21,040 Speaker 1: can have aquaculture systems, and that's actually one of the 432 00:31:21,080 --> 00:31:26,000 Speaker 1: things that he Foost established um which is like a 433 00:31:26,040 --> 00:31:28,280 Speaker 1: series of aquaculture systems, and it's actually one of the 434 00:31:28,320 --> 00:31:32,479 Speaker 1: main focuses of his project to this day. But I 435 00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:35,240 Speaker 1: was quite surprised as to the yield that could be 436 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:37,760 Speaker 1: produced from something as simple as a couple of pipes 437 00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:40,480 Speaker 1: put together with some to me to plants grown out 438 00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:45,920 Speaker 1: of it. So I mean, don't underestimate yourself or this 439 00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:49,480 Speaker 1: pace available to you, because it might not be able 440 00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:53,200 Speaker 1: to plant the whole forest, but you can do a 441 00:31:53,200 --> 00:32:16,000 Speaker 1: little something. Coming back to the food forest concept, the 442 00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:20,040 Speaker 1: eighth principle is the use of natural plant succession and stack. 443 00:32:20,080 --> 00:32:23,560 Speaker 1: It you are a group plants together, they would give 444 00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:26,280 Speaker 1: a continual production over time and both the short term 445 00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:30,520 Speaker 1: and long term. And like I established, you want to 446 00:32:30,600 --> 00:32:35,360 Speaker 1: have those layers in place, the roots, divines, the trees, etcetera. 447 00:32:36,360 --> 00:32:43,920 Speaker 1: The ninth principle encourages diversity, encourages polyculture, which is something 448 00:32:43,960 --> 00:32:45,720 Speaker 1: that I'm sure you would have picked up on by now. 449 00:32:46,240 --> 00:32:51,600 Speaker 1: The tenth principle is increasing the edge within a system. 450 00:32:51,600 --> 00:33:00,160 Speaker 1: By creating unique niches that allow for the more rare, 451 00:33:00,200 --> 00:33:08,080 Speaker 1: the more vulnerable corners of life to sustain themselves. And 452 00:33:08,120 --> 00:33:10,200 Speaker 1: I think that's something that a lot of pumic culturists 453 00:33:10,240 --> 00:33:13,800 Speaker 1: do in terms of establishing their own systems. They have 454 00:33:13,840 --> 00:33:17,120 Speaker 1: like a special focus or certain passion project to certain 455 00:33:17,200 --> 00:33:20,200 Speaker 1: species that they just love and want to see flourish, 456 00:33:20,240 --> 00:33:23,040 Speaker 1: and so they create these niches within their systems that 457 00:33:23,120 --> 00:33:29,520 Speaker 1: allow allow for those creatures to flourish. Principal eleven employers 458 00:33:30,040 --> 00:33:34,400 Speaker 1: that you observe natural patterns. Nature rarely goes in a 459 00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:41,480 Speaker 1: street line, and you may want to make that pattern, 460 00:33:42,160 --> 00:33:45,680 Speaker 1: whether be spirals or waves or branches, whether it be 461 00:33:45,960 --> 00:33:48,920 Speaker 1: patterns over time from you know, the week to the 462 00:33:48,960 --> 00:33:53,560 Speaker 1: month of the year to repeating patterns in the weather 463 00:33:53,760 --> 00:33:57,280 Speaker 1: or the seasons. You want to be observing these patterns 464 00:33:57,360 --> 00:34:02,160 Speaker 1: and adjusting system continually. The early parts of establishing a 465 00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:08,400 Speaker 1: puma culture system is certainly the most difficult part, but 466 00:34:08,480 --> 00:34:11,920 Speaker 1: even five to ten years down the line, when the 467 00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:16,680 Speaker 1: system is more established, more self sustaining, he still want 468 00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:20,640 Speaker 1: to be playing that role of tweaking it as you 469 00:34:20,719 --> 00:34:23,560 Speaker 1: go along, and I think that's something that more people 470 00:34:23,560 --> 00:34:26,080 Speaker 1: need to recognize about humanity. We didn't just bring on 471 00:34:26,239 --> 00:34:30,440 Speaker 1: to hear like some sort of alien parasite leaching off 472 00:34:30,480 --> 00:34:34,680 Speaker 1: of the youth. Right, We just like every other animal, 473 00:34:34,840 --> 00:34:37,759 Speaker 1: like every other creature on this planet, have a role 474 00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:41,719 Speaker 1: to play in the ecosystems we inhabit. Unfortunately, a lot 475 00:34:41,760 --> 00:34:44,000 Speaker 1: of that activity has been destructive because of how all 476 00:34:44,040 --> 00:34:47,439 Speaker 1: as socio economic system has been structured. But that's something 477 00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:50,200 Speaker 1: we have a role and change, and part of that 478 00:34:51,719 --> 00:34:58,719 Speaker 1: is recognizing that we are stewards, so we we can 479 00:34:58,840 --> 00:35:03,040 Speaker 1: be good words. We can't help to facilitate the flourishing 480 00:35:03,080 --> 00:35:07,360 Speaker 1: of life. We don't have to be grim reapers upon 481 00:35:07,440 --> 00:35:10,120 Speaker 1: the systems that we are a part of. And so 482 00:35:10,160 --> 00:35:14,640 Speaker 1: even as you're late, couldn't quote in these long term 483 00:35:14,680 --> 00:35:19,400 Speaker 1: projects twenty years, thirty years, you're still going to be 484 00:35:20,239 --> 00:35:25,319 Speaker 1: tweaking and cultivating and hopefully expanding these systems over time. 485 00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:29,279 Speaker 1: Principle twelve reminds us we gotta pay attention to the 486 00:35:29,320 --> 00:35:33,440 Speaker 1: scale of these systems, to the long term of these systems, 487 00:35:33,840 --> 00:35:37,960 Speaker 1: recognizing that this is something you want to establish over generations. 488 00:35:38,120 --> 00:35:44,200 Speaker 1: And finally, principle number thirteen is be positive experiments small, 489 00:35:44,840 --> 00:35:50,120 Speaker 1: learning from your mistakes, scale up bringing more people get involved, 490 00:35:50,239 --> 00:35:54,319 Speaker 1: get more of your community, of your social circle, of 491 00:35:54,360 --> 00:35:57,960 Speaker 1: your family, of your affinity group, of whatever the case is, 492 00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:07,960 Speaker 1: gonna be get more people involved, UM in imagining this complex, beautiful, 493 00:36:08,840 --> 00:36:12,960 Speaker 1: revolutionary project. We have a long way to go, but 494 00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:15,720 Speaker 1: a lot of progress could be made in a short 495 00:36:15,719 --> 00:36:19,120 Speaker 1: space of time, and a lot of projects already going on. 496 00:36:19,760 --> 00:36:22,880 Speaker 1: With this ended mind, I would suggest just going on, 497 00:36:22,920 --> 00:36:25,240 Speaker 1: I really and just switching for the different Poma culture 498 00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:29,360 Speaker 1: projects happening around the world, whether it be the food 499 00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:33,280 Speaker 1: forests that Jeff Lawtern is working to establish in Morocco, 500 00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:38,080 Speaker 1: or the puma culture Pumablitz systems that people are putting 501 00:36:38,120 --> 00:36:43,360 Speaker 1: in place in Australia, and or the greening the Sahara 502 00:36:43,440 --> 00:36:50,600 Speaker 1: projects in the Shill region across Africa, or the many 503 00:36:50,640 --> 00:36:54,239 Speaker 1: small skilled projects taking place and large scale projects taking 504 00:36:54,239 --> 00:36:56,840 Speaker 1: place across the America's a lot of people put it 505 00:36:56,880 --> 00:37:02,200 Speaker 1: in this work, and there's a large community UM willing 506 00:37:02,480 --> 00:37:07,800 Speaker 1: and able to support as you hopefully embark upon this journey. 507 00:37:08,560 --> 00:37:12,160 Speaker 1: That's about it for me. Yeah, that's that's fascinating and 508 00:37:13,440 --> 00:37:17,000 Speaker 1: I'm really interesting this stuff. I think. Yeah, it's it's 509 00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:21,239 Speaker 1: massively missing in our discussion about like I don't know 510 00:37:21,239 --> 00:37:25,000 Speaker 1: how to phrase this rightly, but like making a better world, 511 00:37:25,160 --> 00:37:27,719 Speaker 1: just to give it a really broad sort of phrasing. 512 00:37:28,360 --> 00:37:32,160 Speaker 1: And when we often think about like political discourse, and 513 00:37:32,239 --> 00:37:36,600 Speaker 1: when we think about political systems, but without food systems, 514 00:37:36,920 --> 00:37:41,239 Speaker 1: we really like the hierarchy of needs is not satisfied, right, 515 00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:47,439 Speaker 1: And I think that folks listening can make a really 516 00:37:47,480 --> 00:37:50,279 Speaker 1: positive change really really quickly and in their own lives 517 00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:52,480 Speaker 1: and spaces if they sort of spend some time with 518 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:58,359 Speaker 1: this stuff. Yeah, absolutely, and it's cool. I think, um 519 00:37:58,400 --> 00:38:01,520 Speaker 1: an important to to reference at like so much of this, 520 00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:04,279 Speaker 1: Like we're like the person you named a start who 521 00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:08,040 Speaker 1: name I'm sorry I've forgotten, but like, um, I think, yeah, 522 00:38:08,080 --> 00:38:10,840 Speaker 1: it's important to a reference that these are Indigenous ways 523 00:38:10,920 --> 00:38:14,600 Speaker 1: of knowing and doing and being and living, and like 524 00:38:14,640 --> 00:38:18,400 Speaker 1: you said, they've existed for millennia, and like going back 525 00:38:18,440 --> 00:38:21,239 Speaker 1: to that is good as part of the largest sort 526 00:38:21,239 --> 00:38:24,440 Speaker 1: of way of respecting indigenous cultures and land rights and 527 00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:25,719 Speaker 1: all the other things. For me to be