WEBVTT - Roller Derby Microbiome 0:00:03.080 --> 0:00:05.960 Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff 0:00:05.960 --> 0:00:14.440 Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 0:00:14.480 --> 0:00:17.400 My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Taglas and Julie. 0:00:17.400 --> 0:00:22.200 What was to the title today's episode roller Derby micro Bio? Yes, 0:00:23.239 --> 0:00:24.880 just like that. It's a great it's a great title. 0:00:24.960 --> 0:00:27.080 We we put a lot of thought in disease. And 0:00:27.600 --> 0:00:29.360 what are we talking about when we talk about roller 0:00:29.400 --> 0:00:35.600 Derby microbiome? Well, I mean we're talking about colonization really 0:00:36.080 --> 0:00:41.280 of various microbial teams in our universities. Our universe is 0:00:41.320 --> 0:00:45.519 meaning like on our bodies, outside of our bodies, in 0:00:45.520 --> 0:00:51.040 our workspaces, private spaces, public spaces. Yes. Now, in our 0:00:51.200 --> 0:00:54.520 most recent episode, we talked about cubical death. We talked 0:00:54.520 --> 0:00:57.680 about our workspaces, and we touched upon the key concept 0:00:57.720 --> 0:01:00.240 that we're really getting into here, and that's the idea 0:01:00.360 --> 0:01:04.440 that uh, at some point there was an individual, primordial 0:01:04.480 --> 0:01:07.959 office worker, if you will get mythic here and yes, 0:01:08.440 --> 0:01:12.520 and uh and we'll call uh, we'll call him Adam. 0:01:12.640 --> 0:01:13.920 All right, I was gonna say, whyn't we go with 0:01:13.959 --> 0:01:18.560 the eve, we go with the MicroB We'll go with Adam. Andy? 0:01:18.680 --> 0:01:21.000 How about that? Yeah, so Adam and Ever out in 0:01:21.040 --> 0:01:23.039 the in the paradise, and and they have a lot 0:01:23.080 --> 0:01:25.920 of work to do because God has tasked them with 0:01:26.760 --> 0:01:29.399 working up all these Excel spreadsheets about what all the 0:01:29.440 --> 0:01:31.760 animals are gonna be named. They have they have to 0:01:31.800 --> 0:01:34.280 put in a budget request, a lot of work to 0:01:34.280 --> 0:01:36.319 get done. They have to make goals for the coming 0:01:36.319 --> 0:01:39.360 fiscal year. And uh, they're just out there in the 0:01:39.360 --> 0:01:42.480 midst of all this nature. Mosquitoes are coming up to them. 0:01:42.880 --> 0:01:45.960 Unnamed animals are coming up and wanting to be named. 0:01:46.360 --> 0:01:49.840 There's a serpent just talking NonStop about some tree. What 0:01:49.880 --> 0:01:51.720 are they gonna do? They're like, we gotta get out 0:01:51.720 --> 0:01:53.280 of this nature. So how do I get out of 0:01:53.280 --> 0:01:56.000 this nature? Out of all this disturbing nature that's messing 0:01:56.040 --> 0:01:59.000 with my vibe, that's potentially making me sneeze or itch. 0:01:59.440 --> 0:02:02.160 I need to create an artificial world in which I 0:02:02.200 --> 0:02:05.080 can work, when I can shut everything out, A nice 0:02:05.160 --> 0:02:08.240 clean space and indoor space that will be my office, 0:02:08.919 --> 0:02:13.440 a true human habitat. Yes, and fast forward here we 0:02:13.520 --> 0:02:15.960 are now, I mean we we do not live out 0:02:15.960 --> 0:02:17.920 in nature anymore, at least most of us do not. 0:02:18.160 --> 0:02:22.240 Righte We have some sort of structure around us, and 0:02:22.320 --> 0:02:26.280 therefore we have created our own little microbiomes in these 0:02:26.320 --> 0:02:29.320 buildings that we dwell in. You know, I'm realizing now 0:02:29.400 --> 0:02:32.000 I should have gone with Sophia as the as the 0:02:32.120 --> 0:02:34.000 name of our mythical office worker, because I would have 0:02:34.040 --> 0:02:37.680 gone into the gnostic idea that Sophia, from a primary 0:02:37.720 --> 0:02:42.919 ideal universe falls and creates ultimately creates a flawed universe 0:02:42.919 --> 0:02:44.960 in which we all reside now, because that's sort of 0:02:45.000 --> 0:02:48.399 what any kind of indoor office space is, a flawed 0:02:48.520 --> 0:02:53.200 version of the more ideal environment that exists outside these walls. 0:02:54.080 --> 0:02:57.160 And of course we're talking today not just about the 0:02:57.200 --> 0:03:01.320 microbiome on our bodies, but the environment that we see 0:03:01.360 --> 0:03:04.400 around us in microbes. In fact, I invite everybody to 0:03:04.440 --> 0:03:08.560 put on their micro biome vision or their goggles and 0:03:08.680 --> 0:03:13.120 begin to imagine a world that comes alive just in germs. Right. 0:03:13.160 --> 0:03:16.239 So look around you on the walls. There are various 0:03:16.639 --> 0:03:20.959 species of microbes. They're they're on your feet, on your 0:03:21.040 --> 0:03:24.560 on your desk surface, on your food. It's everything is 0:03:24.600 --> 0:03:27.400 teeming with microbes. Yeah, it's it's pretty much like that 0:03:27.480 --> 0:03:30.400 old Saturday Night Live skit where they had the fecal 0:03:30.480 --> 0:03:32.640 vision goggles that they would put on and they would 0:03:32.639 --> 0:03:37.320 see growing gen green substance wherever a fecal matter was present. 0:03:37.640 --> 0:03:40.760 And it's just a horror show because the individual wearing 0:03:40.760 --> 0:03:43.440 and I think it was Meadows, is just seeing just 0:03:43.520 --> 0:03:46.000 like green stuff all over people's hands and faces, all 0:03:46.000 --> 0:03:49.760 over a baby, all over the walls. It's just grim. 0:03:49.800 --> 0:03:54.680 It's true. According to Stanford microbiologist Stanley Falco, the world 0:03:54.800 --> 0:03:57.760 is covered in a fine patina of feces, and we 0:03:57.760 --> 0:03:59.760 need to start thinking about that because really that is 0:03:59.800 --> 0:04:04.080 in forming to some degree our measures of health. So 0:04:04.200 --> 0:04:06.240 when I talk about that our health and our microbiome, 0:04:06.280 --> 0:04:09.160 we should probably do a quick overview of what a 0:04:09.240 --> 0:04:11.800 microbiome is. I know we've talked about it before, but 0:04:12.080 --> 0:04:15.120 how it affects us because this is a huge field 0:04:15.680 --> 0:04:18.640 um that is growing that that's giving us a ton 0:04:18.720 --> 0:04:21.040 of information about how we operate in the world based 0:04:21.040 --> 0:04:23.200 on these little critters around us. Yeah. I mean it 0:04:23.200 --> 0:04:27.239 comes down to the basic principle that the human body 0:04:27.279 --> 0:04:31.440 is not organism, but the human body is organisms living 0:04:31.720 --> 0:04:35.279 together in some degree of unison. Yeah, and we're talking 0:04:35.279 --> 0:04:40.040 about one trillion microbial cells. You've heard it before. You 0:04:40.080 --> 0:04:43.479 are outnumbered ten to one in terms of our own 0:04:43.520 --> 0:04:47.720 cells versus bacterial cells. Yeah, we come into this world, 0:04:47.839 --> 0:04:52.360 we are colonized, and we remain colonized throughout our entire lives. Yeah. 0:04:52.400 --> 0:04:55.000 In fact, when you say we come into this world 0:04:55.040 --> 0:04:57.040 when we are born, if we are born vaginally, that's 0:04:57.040 --> 0:05:00.800 when we get our first slathering of these acterial cells. 0:05:00.920 --> 0:05:03.440 And these are really important because these bacterial cells helped 0:05:03.520 --> 0:05:06.719 to inform our immune systems. Yeah, we've evolved with the 0:05:06.760 --> 0:05:09.880 set situation. So in a sense, it comes what we're 0:05:09.880 --> 0:05:12.880 talking about. Here is a natural extrapolation of this in 0:05:13.000 --> 0:05:16.520 terms of our physical environments that we create. Because just 0:05:16.600 --> 0:05:19.880 as the human body is not a situation of all, right, 0:05:19.920 --> 0:05:22.840 here's the clean human, here's the infected human, it's also 0:05:22.920 --> 0:05:25.880 not a clear cut situation of here is a clean 0:05:25.920 --> 0:05:29.159 working environment, here is an infected one. All humans are 0:05:29.800 --> 0:05:33.240 infected or colonized, and all spaces are colonized. Right, And 0:05:33.320 --> 0:05:36.719 the Human Microbiome Project was trying to get a baseline 0:05:36.720 --> 0:05:39.160 of what a normal microbiome looks like, and they still 0:05:39.160 --> 0:05:41.400 don't have this, by the way, but this is their 0:05:41.440 --> 0:05:44.719 first attempts to try to figure out what something might 0:05:44.760 --> 0:05:47.480 look typically for each person. So what they did is 0:05:47.520 --> 0:05:51.040 they took two hundred scientists at eighty institutions and they 0:05:51.080 --> 0:05:53.919 sequenced the genetic material of bacteria taken from two hundred 0:05:53.920 --> 0:05:55.920 and fifty healthy people, which by the way, they took 0:05:55.920 --> 0:05:59.760 it from all various areas of their body um and 0:06:00.160 --> 0:06:03.719 that yielded something like eleven thousand plus samples that they're 0:06:03.760 --> 0:06:06.960 going through and again they're trying to figure out what 0:06:07.240 --> 0:06:11.279 might a baseline of a normal Microme biome look like 0:06:11.440 --> 0:06:13.880 and why does it even matter. Well, it turns out 0:06:13.920 --> 0:06:16.279 that each human contains that the ten tho strains of 0:06:16.320 --> 0:06:19.320 bacteria with eight million bacterial genes, and this is in 0:06:19.720 --> 0:06:23.400 contrast to twenty two human genes. So again this idea 0:06:23.440 --> 0:06:27.000 begainst the build that there's things going on in your 0:06:27.040 --> 0:06:30.560 bacterial cells that are gaming not just your immune system 0:06:30.760 --> 0:06:35.039 but your gut um and informing your gut about how 0:06:35.160 --> 0:06:37.840 you feel. Right, we've talked about this before, the mind 0:06:37.880 --> 0:06:44.000 body connection between the gut um and also um. We're 0:06:44.040 --> 0:06:46.320 also finding out that that each person has a tailor 0:06:46.360 --> 0:06:52.000 made combination of bacteria in their body, and bacteria differs 0:06:52.640 --> 0:06:54.560 on your body depending on where it is, so it 0:06:54.560 --> 0:06:56.520 could be like a rainforest in one area or the 0:06:56.560 --> 0:06:59.839 desert in another area, So the workspace becomes a melting. 0:07:00.200 --> 0:07:01.640 Each of us is kind of a ship from a 0:07:01.640 --> 0:07:05.839 different nation, carrying its own mix of of individuals, ready 0:07:05.880 --> 0:07:09.440 to colonize a new world. And then our skin falls off, 0:07:09.560 --> 0:07:13.600 as it does in the office place. People break wind, 0:07:13.960 --> 0:07:17.200 people's shoes fart as they walk. The pressure of your 0:07:17.360 --> 0:07:20.440 your feet and your shoes starts shooting out. So we're 0:07:20.280 --> 0:07:22.840 we colonize the world around us with our own particular 0:07:24.120 --> 0:07:28.240 cocktail of microbiology. And it's true, right because we we've 0:07:28.280 --> 0:07:31.400 talked about this again that the gut microbia that is 0:07:32.000 --> 0:07:34.720 in there is specific to your diet. Right, So if 0:07:34.720 --> 0:07:37.280 you eat a lot of sushi um then and you 0:07:37.320 --> 0:07:40.680 live in Japan, then you have a gut microbe that 0:07:40.720 --> 0:07:45.200 can break down seaweed. And your that gut microbe, by 0:07:45.200 --> 0:07:49.680 the way, adapted itself from a marine animal, and it 0:07:49.760 --> 0:07:53.080 basically took up a sequence of that genetic code of 0:07:53.120 --> 0:07:56.760 that marine animal and then took it unto itself to 0:07:56.880 --> 0:08:01.000 then be able to use the sequence in your gut, 0:08:01.120 --> 0:08:03.600 so it could also break down seaweed. And that I 0:08:03.600 --> 0:08:05.840 think is the amazing thing is that bacteria can swap 0:08:05.920 --> 0:08:09.360 jeans and pieces of DNA with itself, and that makes 0:08:09.400 --> 0:08:12.120 it highly adaptable. So not only are you walking around 0:08:12.160 --> 0:08:14.880 in your office with your own microbiome, but it's doing 0:08:14.960 --> 0:08:19.280 things that are specific to you. And now, let's say 0:08:19.720 --> 0:08:24.240 your office is not necessarily your traditional workspace. Let's say 0:08:24.240 --> 0:08:28.120 your office is roller Derby. Okay, what happens? Where? Where 0:08:28.160 --> 0:08:30.040 is my desk in the roller Derby? Are you saying 0:08:30.080 --> 0:08:33.520 I'm a roller Derby queen? You are a roller Derby queen. 0:08:33.559 --> 0:08:37.400 What is your roller Derby name? By the way, oh um, 0:08:37.880 --> 0:08:39.680 I like to stick with the show branding. I'll go 0:08:39.720 --> 0:08:43.120 with Buster Stuffington. Does it need to be more lady 0:08:43.160 --> 0:08:48.440 like Busty Stuffington? Yes, that's my roller Derby name. Okay. 0:08:48.480 --> 0:08:50.120 I was going to say Lamb to the slaughter, but 0:08:50.160 --> 0:08:52.280 I don't know if that really like shows like hey 0:08:52.360 --> 0:08:55.360 like in the water you or is it an individual name, 0:08:55.679 --> 0:08:58.920 individual name, individual name. I'm going with Busty Stuffington. Okay? 0:08:59.080 --> 0:09:02.240 All right, all right, So you're you're in your office, 0:09:02.280 --> 0:09:05.959 which is basically like a roller Derby track. Okay, And 0:09:06.080 --> 0:09:08.800 let's say that you're the home team. There are two 0:09:08.800 --> 0:09:11.360 other teams that are coming to compete with you in 0:09:11.360 --> 0:09:15.400 this tournament. Okay, You've got your microbiome, and your team, 0:09:15.520 --> 0:09:20.280 by the way, shares a similar microbiome. All right, So 0:09:20.400 --> 0:09:23.720 this is evidence that when we are grouped together in 0:09:23.720 --> 0:09:26.360 a situation, we began to share the same aspects of 0:09:26.440 --> 0:09:30.720 the same profile of bacteria, which is interesting. Okay, Now, 0:09:31.840 --> 0:09:35.000 if you are um about to start your game and 0:09:35.080 --> 0:09:38.160 you begin elbowing someone and you just smash into one 0:09:38.200 --> 0:09:40.880 of the opposing teams, well, what are you doing when 0:09:40.920 --> 0:09:43.720 you come into contact with them? Well, I'm assaulting them 0:09:43.720 --> 0:09:47.439 with my elbow bones, but I'm also colonizing them with 0:09:47.480 --> 0:09:50.560 a little bit of skin flakes, at least skin flakes, 0:09:50.600 --> 0:09:54.720 assuming nothing else comes off. Alright, So exactly now you're 0:09:54.800 --> 0:10:00.400 you're swapping your bacterial cells and what it's right, I'm 0:10:00.400 --> 0:10:02.280 getting some of theirs on me as well, especially get 0:10:02.320 --> 0:10:05.640 them right in the kiss. Right. So what researchers have found, 0:10:05.679 --> 0:10:08.760 and this is fascinating, is that, um, not only do 0:10:08.880 --> 0:10:11.240 you share the same microbiome or aspects of it with 0:10:11.360 --> 0:10:13.800 your team, but by the end of that tournament, when 0:10:13.840 --> 0:10:16.959 you get swabbed again, you're going to find out that 0:10:17.480 --> 0:10:22.120 the other teams microbiomes that you swapped some sweat with 0:10:22.679 --> 0:10:27.120 are now trying to colonize your microbiome. Wow, they're trying 0:10:27.120 --> 0:10:29.559 to take you over, at least to the skin level. 0:10:31.080 --> 0:10:36.119 And not only that, but your microbiome also has aspects 0:10:36.240 --> 0:10:39.440 similar aspects to the roller derby that you primarily work 0:10:39.520 --> 0:10:42.679 out of. So the opposing team is taking all of 0:10:42.720 --> 0:10:46.960 their bacteria from their roller derby hall and trying home 0:10:47.040 --> 0:10:51.120 microbiome advantage in a sense. Well you you you have 0:10:51.160 --> 0:10:55.640 the home advantage. Yeah, but they're bringing their environment with you. 0:10:55.920 --> 0:10:57.960 So what we're talking about here is like, here's an 0:10:57.960 --> 0:11:01.880 extreme form of let's say an office community. It is 0:11:01.920 --> 0:11:04.920 not really an office community, but a job, you know, 0:11:05.000 --> 0:11:08.800 per se, and they are bringing their environments with them 0:11:08.880 --> 0:11:11.640 and they're sharing it with each other. So it becomes 0:11:11.640 --> 0:11:15.160 a very interesting question of to what extent can we 0:11:15.360 --> 0:11:20.360 affect each other with our microbiomes. So um I wanted 0:11:20.400 --> 0:11:23.520 to bring up a New York Or article called Microbiomes 0:11:23.559 --> 0:11:26.880 and Health, How we colonize each other with bacteria? Uh 0:11:27.200 --> 0:11:30.520 Ball force our tour. He's a gastroenterologist at the University 0:11:30.559 --> 0:11:33.320 of North Carolina at Cheple Hill, and he specializes in 0:11:33.320 --> 0:11:37.320 inflammatory bool disease like say like crones He says that 0:11:37.400 --> 0:11:39.719 there is a growing stack of evidence, some published, some 0:11:39.880 --> 0:11:43.480 not that people who have lived with inflammatory boot disease 0:11:43.520 --> 0:11:46.920 sufferers for long periods of time they have a higher 0:11:47.000 --> 0:11:50.040 rate of it than them themselves than people in the 0:11:50.080 --> 0:11:55.200 general population. So there's this growing idea that perhaps you 0:11:55.240 --> 0:11:58.760 could be colonized over time by someone else's gut bacteria, 0:11:58.840 --> 0:12:01.040 especially if you're exposed to that because as we know, 0:12:02.320 --> 0:12:05.480 if you, uh, if you flush the toilet, so the 0:12:05.480 --> 0:12:08.360 bacteria gets aerosol ized and then shot up into the 0:12:08.360 --> 0:12:10.600 air and then gets on surfaces, and then you can 0:12:10.600 --> 0:12:12.959 pick that up. That can that bacteria that you pick 0:12:13.040 --> 0:12:14.800 up on your hands can go into your mouth, go 0:12:14.840 --> 0:12:17.520 into your gut lo and behold you are and you're 0:12:17.559 --> 0:12:21.640 introducing another bacterium. Huh. Now I'm thinking of now with 0:12:21.679 --> 0:12:23.160 the posters in the works in our all of our 0:12:23.160 --> 0:12:27.200 workspaces that you know, tell you what what sexual harassment is, 0:12:27.240 --> 0:12:30.079 and I think one of them is inappropriate touching. Does 0:12:30.120 --> 0:12:32.480 this count as inappropriate touching because I did not ask 0:12:32.520 --> 0:12:36.480 anyone to invade me with your microbiome and it's happening. Well, 0:12:36.520 --> 0:12:40.319 this is that This that's interesting because then you begin, okay, 0:12:40.360 --> 0:12:42.960 let's say we have this understanding the microbiome. That's really 0:12:43.280 --> 0:12:47.120 like in twenty years, that's really advanced, nuanced. Do people 0:12:47.360 --> 0:12:52.000 become hyper aware of how they interact with others? Is 0:12:52.040 --> 0:12:55.679 it aggressive to swipe at someone that you don't know 0:12:55.800 --> 0:12:59.520 or you're trying to like get your so you have 0:12:59.600 --> 0:13:02.199 some sort of stomach ailment and you're trying to give 0:13:02.240 --> 0:13:05.839 them your gut bacteria. Don't even I don't even know 0:13:05.880 --> 0:13:07.560 what how it got in your hands in the first place, 0:13:07.640 --> 0:13:09.599 but you know it could just be an act of 0:13:09.640 --> 0:13:12.600 aggression or does it become like a rite of passage. 0:13:12.600 --> 0:13:16.160 It's kind of like welcome to the family, Welcome. It's 0:13:16.160 --> 0:13:18.920 like being blood brothers with everyone, Like like we we 0:13:19.000 --> 0:13:21.680 welcome you into this opera space, office space, and now 0:13:21.760 --> 0:13:24.439 we shall have the ritual licking of the palms and 0:13:24.559 --> 0:13:26.920 high fiving, so the way we may all be of 0:13:26.960 --> 0:13:30.000 the same microbiome. Well, it's true. Just something symbolical like 0:13:30.040 --> 0:13:32.679 a handshake becomes that much more Right you start your 0:13:32.679 --> 0:13:35.480 first day of work and you have the handshake with people, 0:13:35.640 --> 0:13:37.520 we should all do the cough in the hand handshake 0:13:37.600 --> 0:13:41.520 first day, just like the solidarity. Yeah, like you might 0:13:41.559 --> 0:13:44.000 as well say, hey, we you're gonna get colonized by 0:13:44.040 --> 0:13:46.520 by the microbiome here at work, so just let's go 0:13:46.559 --> 0:13:49.720 ahead and have at it. Yeah, hold for like five seconds, 0:13:49.720 --> 0:13:53.160 just to make sure everybody gets on. Yeah, yeah, all right, 0:13:53.200 --> 0:13:55.240 We're gonna take a quick break and when we come back, 0:13:55.400 --> 0:14:10.640 we will explore the microbiome roller Derby even more. All right, 0:14:10.679 --> 0:14:15.160 We're back with more roller Derby microbiome. We're back, all right. 0:14:15.240 --> 0:14:18.200 We wanted to bring up Jessica Green and something called 0:14:18.320 --> 0:14:22.120 bio informed design because she's taken this idea, this idea 0:14:22.240 --> 0:14:25.320 that we're not just the germs on her skin or 0:14:25.400 --> 0:14:28.800 inside of our body, but we're also affecting our environments, 0:14:28.840 --> 0:14:32.360 and our environments are affecting us. And she is a 0:14:32.440 --> 0:14:35.560 biodiversity scientist and director of the Biology and the Built 0:14:35.640 --> 0:14:38.080 Environment Center at the University of Oregon. She has a 0:14:38.080 --> 0:14:41.560 good ted talk on this and her work really is 0:14:41.560 --> 0:14:44.960 is trying to understand the role of the microbial ecosystems 0:14:45.000 --> 0:14:48.240 on human health. So she and her team decided to 0:14:48.320 --> 0:14:51.400 study the Littlest building. This is on the campus of 0:14:51.440 --> 0:14:55.720 the University of Oregon, and the reason why they wanted 0:14:55.760 --> 0:14:59.200 to look at it is because it has a nice 0:14:59.240 --> 0:15:03.920 bacterial stu in the form of classrooms, offices, and restrooms, 0:15:04.560 --> 0:15:06.760 and so in other words, you get again that fine 0:15:06.880 --> 0:15:09.840 patina of feces in the form of restrooms. Right in 0:15:09.880 --> 0:15:14.640 the restroom spray. You get a nice transient population of 0:15:14.800 --> 0:15:19.160 microbial colonies from students varying backgrounds. Yeah, yeah, who are 0:15:19.160 --> 0:15:22.320 trap sing in all sorts of stuff right on their feet, 0:15:22.560 --> 0:15:26.080 on their hands that they just ate in their hair, 0:15:26.920 --> 0:15:31.320 in your ears, you name it. And then they have 0:15:31.480 --> 0:15:34.080 a stable population of colonies in the form of those 0:15:34.120 --> 0:15:38.040 who dwell in the office space. So this this is 0:15:38.080 --> 0:15:42.320 such an interesting UM project to me because they took 0:15:42.360 --> 0:15:44.720 it and they worked with an architect and they sort 0:15:44.720 --> 0:15:48.320 of resurrected the building using computer program and then they 0:15:48.360 --> 0:15:51.560 started working to say, okay, well if we if we 0:15:51.680 --> 0:15:54.280 use this louver system with the windows in one part 0:15:54.280 --> 0:15:56.160 of the building. And this louver system, if you've ever 0:15:56.160 --> 0:15:59.000 seen them before, they're they're pretty popular like in places 0:15:59.080 --> 0:16:02.200 like tropical places like Hawaii where you can just kind 0:16:02.200 --> 0:16:06.200 of move these metal grates in the windows and can 0:16:06.360 --> 0:16:08.400 move them so that they all line up and they're 0:16:08.440 --> 0:16:11.120 flat and they can keep the elements out, okay, or 0:16:11.200 --> 0:16:13.040 you could just move them and then they would open 0:16:13.120 --> 0:16:15.160 up a bit and you could get some real fresh 0:16:15.240 --> 0:16:16.800 air flow in. Yeah, you do seem a lot in 0:16:16.800 --> 0:16:19.240 Hawaii where you have more of a stable constant temperature 0:16:19.320 --> 0:16:21.720 and you can just keep things pretty pretty nice with 0:16:21.840 --> 0:16:25.680 just the natural breeze. Yeah, So they used this um 0:16:25.920 --> 0:16:29.480 Sometimes they had natural airfloor airflow coming in and out, 0:16:29.520 --> 0:16:31.800 and sometimes they closed it and then they just used 0:16:31.840 --> 0:16:35.040 the ventilation system. And what they found is that they 0:16:35.040 --> 0:16:38.840 were really specific microbial colonies based on where they were, 0:16:38.880 --> 0:16:42.960 So those classrooms had a different profile than say the 0:16:43.040 --> 0:16:48.280 offices or even the banks of elevators. And what happened 0:16:48.440 --> 0:16:52.040 is that when they open those lovers, they found that 0:16:52.120 --> 0:16:56.920 the microbial cloud dissipated with the introduction of fresh air. 0:16:56.960 --> 0:17:01.360 And this became really important because man is looking at 0:17:01.440 --> 0:17:05.679 how to best uh struct or manipulate that environment to 0:17:05.720 --> 0:17:10.160 have a really good or healthy microbial profile for people. Yeah, 0:17:10.200 --> 0:17:11.960 it comes down to, like we we said earlier, this 0:17:12.040 --> 0:17:15.240 is all this old, outdated idea that we're creating a 0:17:15.280 --> 0:17:19.000 pristine indoor environment for our pristine indoor lives and that 0:17:19.000 --> 0:17:22.399 that's completely cut out from the teeming living world outside. No, 0:17:22.600 --> 0:17:25.880 we can't have it that cut and try we're gonna 0:17:25.920 --> 0:17:28.600 have microbes living all in our environments, but we're gonna 0:17:28.640 --> 0:17:31.840 have a different type of environment and not necessarily and 0:17:31.840 --> 0:17:34.880 we'll certainly the research is saying not a better one, right, 0:17:34.880 --> 0:17:37.640 And she's she's very cautious about the research because it's 0:17:37.640 --> 0:17:40.200 pretty early with this, a little too cautious. The interview 0:17:40.240 --> 0:17:41.600 I was seeing that kept like kind of trying to 0:17:41.640 --> 0:17:44.399 seed some like really mind blowing comments and she's like, 0:17:44.440 --> 0:17:46.920 I'm not going there just yet. Research is and which 0:17:46.960 --> 0:17:49.880 is commendable. She's she's holding back and saying that we're 0:17:49.920 --> 0:17:52.440 working on that that's the next phase or the research 0:17:52.480 --> 0:17:55.200 doesn't really indicate exactly what kind of take we should 0:17:55.200 --> 0:17:57.520 have on this just yet, right, because she's saying that 0:17:57.600 --> 0:17:59.960 the next phase of their research is trying to lie 0:18:00.080 --> 0:18:02.760 ing up to two bits of this, the environment and 0:18:02.800 --> 0:18:05.800 the humans, the two kinds of ecosystems, and really bear 0:18:05.840 --> 0:18:09.320 out some some research that she already has a hunch about, 0:18:10.080 --> 0:18:11.960 but she wants to see them work together in parallel 0:18:11.960 --> 0:18:14.560 before she says anything. And again, this is this is 0:18:14.600 --> 0:18:18.120 sort of a new field because if this bears out 0:18:18.200 --> 0:18:20.200 the sort of things that we think it will, then 0:18:20.359 --> 0:18:23.560 architects will begin to consider this in design, so you're 0:18:23.600 --> 0:18:26.840 not just gonna have a green building that has low 0:18:26.880 --> 0:18:29.280 carbon emissions, but you're also going to have a green 0:18:29.320 --> 0:18:33.560 building with a healthy microbiome in it. So it's it's 0:18:33.600 --> 0:18:36.800 interesting because she she also is looking at the study 0:18:36.840 --> 0:18:41.840 with Portland or a Portland hospital, and again it's that 0:18:42.240 --> 0:18:49.200 mechanical ventilated rooms that is showing an increase in pathogens. 0:18:49.240 --> 0:18:52.240 So in other words, if they didn't give this this 0:18:52.400 --> 0:18:56.760 hospital access to outside air to help dissipate that microbial cloud, 0:18:57.119 --> 0:19:00.400 then it turned out that those pathogens increased because again 0:19:00.440 --> 0:19:04.520 you're manipulating in the environment and you're making it uh 0:19:04.680 --> 0:19:08.000 so that these pathogens can live and actually thrive in it. 0:19:08.119 --> 0:19:10.600 And this is a hospital setting, so that's obviously a 0:19:10.720 --> 0:19:12.960 problem you have. You end up with your outdoor air 0:19:13.000 --> 0:19:14.919 and then you have your indoor air, and the indoor 0:19:14.960 --> 0:19:17.640 air is full of things as well. It's it's not 0:19:17.840 --> 0:19:21.280 again not this pristine, clean stuff that we think it is. Uh. 0:19:21.320 --> 0:19:24.200 They're finding that the bacterial communities and indoor environments contain 0:19:24.320 --> 0:19:27.680 many taxes that are absent or rare outdoors, including again 0:19:27.720 --> 0:19:30.320 many of those that are tidy human pathogens. So you 0:19:30.400 --> 0:19:34.000 have this alti artificial environment, this kind of zoo of 0:19:34.080 --> 0:19:38.160 weird things circulating in the air. And she's saying, like, 0:19:38.200 --> 0:19:40.879 you know, in terms of a hospital environment, it's a 0:19:40.920 --> 0:19:44.000 little like having a weed in your your backyard and 0:19:44.040 --> 0:19:46.680 just torching the entire backyard to get rid of the weed. 0:19:46.960 --> 0:19:50.080 The same thing as happening in these hospital environments. And 0:19:50.359 --> 0:19:53.320 it's important to have the outside air come in because 0:19:53.800 --> 0:19:57.000 you know, when you have traces of the outdoors and 0:19:57.040 --> 0:19:59.960 you have traces of say, soil come in, that's soil. 0:20:00.040 --> 0:20:03.960 It turns out, is really important to create that profile 0:20:04.080 --> 0:20:07.680 of what a healthy microbiome might look like. In fact, 0:20:07.760 --> 0:20:11.159 there is a bacterium and soil called myceo bacteria and 0:20:11.240 --> 0:20:14.320 vici that scientists at the Stage Colleges of Troy, New 0:20:14.359 --> 0:20:19.040 York found can actually reduce anxiety and increase learning capabilities. 0:20:19.119 --> 0:20:23.840 When yes, and of course this is in mice, but 0:20:24.040 --> 0:20:26.240 when they when they fed it to them or when 0:20:26.240 --> 0:20:30.359 they inhaled it, yes, it increased neuron growth and it 0:20:30.440 --> 0:20:34.320 caused the serotonin levels to increase, which reduced their anxiety. 0:20:34.440 --> 0:20:36.520 And then this is so cool when they wanted to 0:20:36.560 --> 0:20:39.520 test to see if it increased or enhance their learning abilities, 0:20:40.400 --> 0:20:45.080 researcher Dorothey Matthews and her colleagues fed them this bacterium, 0:20:45.200 --> 0:20:47.520 or rather one group and then a control group, and 0:20:47.520 --> 0:20:50.000 then they let them loose on this maze. And it 0:20:50.000 --> 0:20:52.600 turned out that the group had been that had been 0:20:52.600 --> 0:20:57.879 dosed with the bacteria. Yes, although that would be for 0:20:57.880 --> 0:20:59.639 a second era of picturing humans instead of mice. And 0:20:59.640 --> 0:21:02.600 it was up crazy going through a maze after being 0:21:02.920 --> 0:21:06.280 dosed with bacteria. Somehow my mind they're naked, Yes, of 0:21:06.359 --> 0:21:09.639 course they're running naked through the maze. But those minds 0:21:09.680 --> 0:21:12.560 that that were dosed they actually were able to run 0:21:12.880 --> 0:21:17.800 through twice as fast with less demonstrated anxiety behaviors as 0:21:17.840 --> 0:21:21.679 control mice. So there's this idea again that um, some 0:21:21.760 --> 0:21:25.040 of these bacterium or some of this bacteria is very 0:21:25.119 --> 0:21:27.800 helpful to the way that our bodies respond to our 0:21:27.880 --> 0:21:32.080 environments and actually um navigate our world. Yeah, I mean, 0:21:32.119 --> 0:21:34.960 we all know that sunlight is good, you know, and 0:21:35.760 --> 0:21:38.240 you want of an office space that has windows in it, 0:21:38.320 --> 0:21:40.040 you know, you can want to get some natural sunlight, 0:21:40.119 --> 0:21:43.960 get some of that vitamin D. But but but but again, 0:21:44.000 --> 0:21:45.959 we all we fall into that idea that this is 0:21:46.040 --> 0:21:47.639 this is a clean place, and we don't want a 0:21:47.640 --> 0:21:51.480 bunch of dirt around, but we're actually smelling the dirt, 0:21:51.520 --> 0:21:54.760 interacting with the dirt, interacting with that outside air, far 0:21:54.840 --> 0:21:58.200 healthier for us than that so called clean air that's 0:21:58.240 --> 0:22:00.440 coming out of that ventilation duct. Yeah. And you've studying 0:22:00.480 --> 0:22:03.080 after study about kids who that are exposed to dirt, 0:22:03.560 --> 0:22:06.120 particularly kids that live in rural areas, are on farms. 0:22:06.160 --> 0:22:09.640 They have a far more robust immune system than kids 0:22:09.720 --> 0:22:13.200 who are kept in very clean and environments. And as 0:22:13.240 --> 0:22:15.280 we you know, begin to learn more and more about 0:22:15.320 --> 0:22:18.160 microbiome and how it is gaining us in our environment, 0:22:18.160 --> 0:22:21.359 I think this becomes really important. And I'm very intrigued 0:22:21.400 --> 0:22:27.520 by this idea of designing microbial environment for ourselves, particularly 0:22:27.560 --> 0:22:29.680 in our human habitats, which are our homes and our 0:22:29.720 --> 0:22:32.840 office spaces. Yeah, because that's really where we're leading with 0:22:32.840 --> 0:22:35.120