1 00:00:02,360 --> 00:00:05,760 Speaker 1: Happy Saturday. Today's Classic is the second part of our 2 00:00:05,800 --> 00:00:09,080 Speaker 1: two parter on the Fort Shaw Indian School girls basketball team, 3 00:00:09,160 --> 00:00:14,240 Speaker 1: which originally came out November. Part one was last week's 4 00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:20,079 Speaker 1: Saturday Classic. Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, 5 00:00:20,360 --> 00:00:29,960 Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome to 6 00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:33,479 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson and I'm Holly Frying. 7 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,280 Speaker 1: We are concluding a two part episode today. In part 8 00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:40,239 Speaker 1: one of this show, we gave some background about the 9 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:43,400 Speaker 1: Fort Shaw Indian School, which was part of the federally 10 00:00:43,479 --> 00:00:46,959 Speaker 1: run system of off reservation boarding schools that were meant 11 00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:51,080 Speaker 1: to assimilate in sort of scare quotes native students, it's 12 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:54,640 Speaker 1: a white culture, or at least to get Native students 13 00:00:54,680 --> 00:00:59,400 Speaker 1: to conform with white culture. It didn't actually assimilate. There 14 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:01,960 Speaker 1: was still a lot of racism and discrimination after people 15 00:01:01,960 --> 00:01:05,040 Speaker 1: went through these programs. We also talked a bit about 16 00:01:05,080 --> 00:01:09,160 Speaker 1: the history of basketball and how girls basketball at Fort 17 00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:13,759 Speaker 1: Shaw quickly became the best basketball team in Montana. Today, 18 00:01:13,880 --> 00:01:16,559 Speaker 1: we are picking up with the St. Louis World's Fair, 19 00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:19,039 Speaker 1: where the team spent about four months in nineteen o 20 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:22,760 Speaker 1: four becoming the world champions there, As was the case 21 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:24,840 Speaker 1: in the previous episode. We are still getting into some 22 00:01:24,880 --> 00:01:29,280 Speaker 1: pretty abhorrent racism here, and there is also a brief 23 00:01:29,319 --> 00:01:32,760 Speaker 1: mention of animal cruelty. In nineteen o three, Fort Shaw 24 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:35,680 Speaker 1: Indian School was, as we mentioned at the end of 25 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:39,400 Speaker 1: the previous episode, invited to participate in the nineteen o 26 00:01:39,520 --> 00:01:43,280 Speaker 1: four St. Louis World's Fair, also known as the Louisiana 27 00:01:43,319 --> 00:01:47,000 Speaker 1: Purchase Exposition, so named because it was meant to start 28 00:01:47,040 --> 00:01:50,680 Speaker 1: a year earlier and mark the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase. 29 00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:53,559 Speaker 1: This was, of course also the subject of the nineteen 30 00:01:53,640 --> 00:01:58,160 Speaker 1: forty four film starring Judy Garland, which is spectacular. It's 31 00:01:58,200 --> 00:02:02,240 Speaker 1: also totally not surprising that forty years later Metro Goldwyn 32 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:06,440 Speaker 1: Mayor made a musical out of this. This fare was huge. 33 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:09,519 Speaker 1: The nineteen o four World's Fair ran from April thirtie 34 00:02:09,720 --> 00:02:13,760 Speaker 1: December one, during which time more than twenty million people 35 00:02:13,800 --> 00:02:17,480 Speaker 1: attended it. The fair site, which was the largest ever 36 00:02:17,520 --> 00:02:20,640 Speaker 1: for a World's fare, covered twelve hundred acres that was 37 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:25,679 Speaker 1: dotted with about nine hundred buildings, including fifteen exhibit palaces. 38 00:02:25,720 --> 00:02:29,920 Speaker 1: The exhibitors included sixty two nations and forty three of 39 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:34,320 Speaker 1: the then forty five United States States. A mile long 40 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:38,480 Speaker 1: avenue called the Pike was full of vendors and amusements. 41 00:02:39,080 --> 00:02:42,440 Speaker 1: It seems like every ubiquitous American food, from hot dogs 42 00:02:42,440 --> 00:02:45,960 Speaker 1: to ice cream cones, was supposedly introduced at the nineteen 43 00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:48,440 Speaker 1: o four World's Fair, but most of those stories just 44 00:02:48,600 --> 00:02:52,200 Speaker 1: f y I are apocryphal. Uh. There were carnival rides, 45 00:02:52,360 --> 00:02:57,280 Speaker 1: the massive ferris wheel, boer War reenactments, Award of Babies, 46 00:02:57,320 --> 00:02:59,880 Speaker 1: and incubators. It just goes on and on and on. 47 00:03:00,800 --> 00:03:03,600 Speaker 1: A running theme for this fair, as was often the 48 00:03:03,639 --> 00:03:07,280 Speaker 1: case in these kinds of expositions, was progress. Some of 49 00:03:07,320 --> 00:03:11,360 Speaker 1: this progress was related to science and industry. The incubators 50 00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:15,720 Speaker 1: are actually one example. There were meteorological balloon experiments. There 51 00:03:15,760 --> 00:03:19,880 Speaker 1: was a demonstration of the first ground to air wireless telegraph. 52 00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:24,200 Speaker 1: New technologies from X rays to electric typewriters got their 53 00:03:24,200 --> 00:03:27,720 Speaker 1: first public display. Some things that were still pretty novel 54 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:29,760 Speaker 1: to the world at the time got their time to 55 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:34,880 Speaker 1: shine to including all kinds of other electrical appliances, gasoline engines, 56 00:03:34,920 --> 00:03:40,280 Speaker 1: and automobiles. But some of it was also about cultural progress. 57 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:43,880 Speaker 1: The general idea was that the United States culture was 58 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:48,320 Speaker 1: superior and that the nation was having a civilizing influence 59 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:50,760 Speaker 1: on the rest of the world as well as within 60 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:55,240 Speaker 1: its own borders. This cultural progress was displayed through large 61 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:59,520 Speaker 1: pavilions of living exhibits of thousands of people from around 62 00:03:59,520 --> 00:04:02,920 Speaker 1: the world. These living exhibits were a common element of 63 00:04:02,960 --> 00:04:06,400 Speaker 1: the world's fairs and expositions of the era. They functioned 64 00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:11,280 Speaker 1: almost like temporary human zoos. People actually lived in these 65 00:04:11,320 --> 00:04:14,200 Speaker 1: where the duration of the fair and living exhibits were 66 00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:18,360 Speaker 1: frequently arranged to suggest a progression from the least to 67 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:23,280 Speaker 1: the most civilized people's One example in St. Louis was 68 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:27,280 Speaker 1: the Philippine Village, which covered forty seven acres and housed 69 00:04:27,320 --> 00:04:29,920 Speaker 1: more than a thousand people from at least ten different 70 00:04:29,960 --> 00:04:34,600 Speaker 1: Filipino ethnic groups. Often, the cultural practices that were considered 71 00:04:34,600 --> 00:04:39,560 Speaker 1: the most taboo from a white Christian American perspective, uh 72 00:04:39,760 --> 00:04:43,120 Speaker 1: were the biggest draw. In the case of the Philippine Village, 73 00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:47,279 Speaker 1: this was the eager wrote who occasionally consumed dog for 74 00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:51,919 Speaker 1: ceremonial purposes, and during the fair, organizers gave them dog 75 00:04:52,040 --> 00:04:56,200 Speaker 1: to eat every day so that spectators could watch. Fort 76 00:04:56,320 --> 00:04:59,960 Speaker 1: Shaw's invitation was to participate in the Model Indian School. 77 00:05:00,279 --> 00:05:03,800 Speaker 1: This was a mock boarding school where students would demonstrate 78 00:05:03,839 --> 00:05:06,880 Speaker 1: the academic, domestic, and vocational skills that they were taught 79 00:05:06,880 --> 00:05:10,160 Speaker 1: at school. The Fort Shaw School was not the only 80 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:13,400 Speaker 1: Indian school to participate. The Model Indian School was to 81 00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:17,080 Speaker 1: house about a hundred and fifty students selected from all 82 00:05:17,120 --> 00:05:21,320 Speaker 1: across the nation's network of Indian boarding schools, specifically schools 83 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:25,880 Speaker 1: that were located within what had been Louisiana Purchased territory. 84 00:05:26,200 --> 00:05:28,440 Speaker 1: The school was part of a section of the fair 85 00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: that came to be known as Indian Hill. We're about 86 00:05:31,640 --> 00:05:35,280 Speaker 1: five hundred fifty Native Americans, mainly from tribes within the 87 00:05:35,320 --> 00:05:40,520 Speaker 1: Louisiana Purchased territory, were on display at this so called 88 00:05:40,520 --> 00:05:45,760 Speaker 1: Indian Reservation. Fourteen different tribes had individual areas that demonstrated 89 00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:50,919 Speaker 1: their traditional housing and living arrangements, clothing, food, and cultural practices. 90 00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:56,880 Speaker 1: This simultaneously illustrated the diversity among the nation's indigenous peoples 91 00:05:56,920 --> 00:05:59,800 Speaker 1: while also sending a message that they were, at least 92 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:04,800 Speaker 1: the organizer's view, primitive. The Model Indian School was in 93 00:06:04,839 --> 00:06:07,560 Speaker 1: the middle of Indian Hill. It was a three story 94 00:06:07,600 --> 00:06:10,400 Speaker 1: building that faced an open plaza when it was surrounded 95 00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:14,360 Speaker 1: by these fourteen miniature communities. School was in session from 96 00:06:14,440 --> 00:06:17,320 Speaker 1: nine am to five pm, and visitors could observe a 97 00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:21,040 Speaker 1: kindergarten class from Pima Indian School in Arizona Territory, a 98 00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:24,120 Speaker 1: seventh grade class from Chillico Indian School, and what's now 99 00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:28,240 Speaker 1: Oklahoma but was an Indian Territory, and a wide array 100 00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:32,880 Speaker 1: of domestic and vocational courses. These classes and workshops were 101 00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:36,640 Speaker 1: arranged along one side of a wide hallway, and on 102 00:06:36,680 --> 00:06:41,159 Speaker 1: the other side were open stalls where Native Americans sold baskets, pots, 103 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:45,480 Speaker 1: and other indigenous art and handiwork. This contrast was part 104 00:06:45,520 --> 00:06:48,640 Speaker 1: of the point of the Model Indian Schools existence. It 105 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:52,360 Speaker 1: sent a message. Without these schools, the students would grow 106 00:06:52,440 --> 00:06:55,440 Speaker 1: up to be selling so called primitive crafts from a 107 00:06:55,480 --> 00:06:59,479 Speaker 1: blanket on the ground. The school also had a chapel, 108 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:02,920 Speaker 1: and that was where the students gave performances and recitations 109 00:07:02,920 --> 00:07:06,520 Speaker 1: in the afternoons. As the fare war on, this actually 110 00:07:06,560 --> 00:07:09,720 Speaker 1: became a really popular attraction. The crowds got a lot 111 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:12,400 Speaker 1: too big to fit inside the chapel, so whenever the 112 00:07:12,440 --> 00:07:16,960 Speaker 1: weather allowed, these performances were moved outdoors. When S. M 113 00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:21,040 Speaker 1: McCowen contacted Fred Campbell to ask fort Shaw Indian School 114 00:07:21,320 --> 00:07:24,600 Speaker 1: to participate in the Model Indian School. It was up 115 00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:28,160 Speaker 1: to Campbell to choose which students should attend, and for him, 116 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:32,160 Speaker 1: this was an incredibly easy decision. The basketball team was 117 00:07:32,280 --> 00:07:35,400 Speaker 1: famous all across the state of Montana. They were all 118 00:07:35,440 --> 00:07:39,240 Speaker 1: exemplary students, as well as being very responsible and mature. 119 00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:42,560 Speaker 1: Remember they're all traveling together all the time and seemed 120 00:07:42,600 --> 00:07:46,280 Speaker 1: to have no problems. Uh So, upon receiving this invitation, 121 00:07:46,360 --> 00:07:48,920 Speaker 1: Campbell told them that if they continued to do so 122 00:07:48,960 --> 00:07:51,440 Speaker 1: well in their academic and vocational work, and if they 123 00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:54,160 Speaker 1: kept playing as well as they had been until it 124 00:07:54,240 --> 00:07:56,680 Speaker 1: was time to travel to St. Louis, they would be 125 00:07:56,720 --> 00:08:00,440 Speaker 1: the ones to go. This is a strategic move on 126 00:08:00,520 --> 00:08:03,560 Speaker 1: Campbell's part. The team had become well known enough in 127 00:08:03,600 --> 00:08:06,840 Speaker 1: Montana that they could easily arrange games as they traveled 128 00:08:06,920 --> 00:08:09,360 Speaker 1: to the state to help raise money for the trip, 129 00:08:09,920 --> 00:08:12,880 Speaker 1: and as the word spread, he thought crowds would probably 130 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:15,440 Speaker 1: follow them if they as they got farther and farther 131 00:08:15,560 --> 00:08:18,760 Speaker 1: away from home. Knowing that there was a chance they 132 00:08:18,760 --> 00:08:22,520 Speaker 1: would pass through towns that didn't yet have a basketball team, 133 00:08:22,680 --> 00:08:26,240 Speaker 1: Campbell also expanded the size of the team's roster so 134 00:08:26,280 --> 00:08:28,560 Speaker 1: that if there was no local team, or if the 135 00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:31,239 Speaker 1: local team didn't think it could make a respectable showing 136 00:08:31,440 --> 00:08:35,000 Speaker 1: against Fort Shot team, they'd have enough players on hand 137 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:38,360 Speaker 1: for scrimmage games. This would also let them play five 138 00:08:38,440 --> 00:08:41,520 Speaker 1: on five exhibitions at the World's Fair if there was 139 00:08:41,559 --> 00:08:44,439 Speaker 1: no team to play against there. And we're going to 140 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:47,120 Speaker 1: talk about who the players were and how they got 141 00:08:47,120 --> 00:08:57,400 Speaker 1: ready after we first paused for a little sponsor break. 142 00:08:57,920 --> 00:09:00,040 Speaker 1: When building out the team that would travel to the 143 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:03,160 Speaker 1: World's Fair, Fred Campbell, who was coach, kept the trio 144 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:07,120 Speaker 1: who had performed so well in earlier games. Nettie Worth 145 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:10,360 Speaker 1: remained center, and Minnie Burton and Emma Sansavor were both 146 00:09:10,400 --> 00:09:14,840 Speaker 1: still forwards. Nettie's older sister, Lizzie, who was twenty three, 147 00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:18,280 Speaker 1: had recently graduated from Carlisle Indian School, and she came 148 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:21,439 Speaker 1: on board as a chaperone and a substitute player. So 149 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:24,120 Speaker 1: Sephine Langley, who had been with the team from the 150 00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:27,800 Speaker 1: beginning and had previously taken on a similar role, was 151 00:09:27,840 --> 00:09:30,199 Speaker 1: at this point engaged to be married, and she left 152 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:32,400 Speaker 1: the team to take a full time job at the school. 153 00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:36,920 Speaker 1: Also remaining from the nineteen o two team was Belle Johnson, 154 00:09:37,320 --> 00:09:39,600 Speaker 1: who had been friends with Josie Langley when they were 155 00:09:39,640 --> 00:09:44,040 Speaker 1: both living on the Blackfeet Reservation. Bell's mother sent her 156 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:47,760 Speaker 1: and her siblings to Fort Shaw on Josie's encouragement, and 157 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,319 Speaker 1: Josie took them under her wing when they were orphaned 158 00:09:50,400 --> 00:09:54,280 Speaker 1: after their mother's death in nineteen hundred. Rounding out the 159 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:58,400 Speaker 1: nineteen o four team where Katie Snell, Jenny Butch Rose LaRose, 160 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:02,360 Speaker 1: Flora Lucero, Sarah Mitchell, and Genevieve Healey. He was known 161 00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:07,120 Speaker 1: as Jen. Katie, Jenny, and Sarah were all as Sina Boin. Rose. 162 00:10:07,240 --> 00:10:10,200 Speaker 1: LaRose was Shoshone and Chippewa and her father's side, and 163 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:14,480 Speaker 1: Bannock on her mother's. Jen Healy was Grovant and Flora 164 00:10:14,679 --> 00:10:18,079 Speaker 1: was Chippewa. Most of them had been substitute players in 165 00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:21,959 Speaker 1: their previous season. Part of the agreement for their getting 166 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:24,600 Speaker 1: to go to St. Louis was continuing to play as 167 00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:27,640 Speaker 1: well as they had been, but they didn't exactly get 168 00:10:27,679 --> 00:10:31,480 Speaker 1: that opportunity. The state had not developed a formal structure 169 00:10:31,559 --> 00:10:35,160 Speaker 1: for pairing teams against one another. There was no statewide 170 00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:40,000 Speaker 1: association or organization setting standards for games, playoffs, and championships. 171 00:10:40,480 --> 00:10:43,720 Speaker 1: It was the responsibility of individual schools to work out 172 00:10:43,760 --> 00:10:47,600 Speaker 1: game schedules, and Fort Shaw did not get that done. 173 00:10:48,760 --> 00:10:52,160 Speaker 1: The reasons for not getting that done are not entirely clear, 174 00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:54,600 Speaker 1: and it could have been a product of several factors, 175 00:10:54,840 --> 00:10:58,640 Speaker 1: like the general difficulties of scheduling games all across the 176 00:10:58,679 --> 00:11:00,559 Speaker 1: state when there was not an organ ased way to 177 00:11:00,679 --> 00:11:05,080 Speaker 1: do it, reluctance by other teams to play against Fort Shaw, 178 00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:08,199 Speaker 1: which by this point had proven itself to be a powerhouse, 179 00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:11,440 Speaker 1: and just being more focused on preparing for a multi 180 00:11:11,520 --> 00:11:15,720 Speaker 1: month trip to St. Louis. According to the Anaconda Standard, 181 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:18,240 Speaker 1: it was because quote, there is no girls team in 182 00:11:18,280 --> 00:11:20,559 Speaker 1: the state that can give them anything like a tussle. 183 00:11:20,800 --> 00:11:25,640 Speaker 1: They stand alone and unrivaled. Whatever the reason, Fort Shaw 184 00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:28,360 Speaker 1: just didn't get much of a competitive schedule together for 185 00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:31,800 Speaker 1: the nineteen or three season, so instead of playing against 186 00:11:31,840 --> 00:11:34,880 Speaker 1: other teams, Fort Shaw spent most of the season playing 187 00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:38,960 Speaker 1: scrimmage games. This gave the new players more opportunities to 188 00:11:39,040 --> 00:11:42,679 Speaker 1: play and practice performing in front of a crowd. Meanwhile, 189 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:46,760 Speaker 1: the school's vocational classes made new uniforms, still with long 190 00:11:46,840 --> 00:11:50,240 Speaker 1: sleeve tops with sailor collars and bloomer like pants with 191 00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:54,040 Speaker 1: red and white trim to distinguish between the two scrimmage teams. 192 00:11:54,840 --> 00:11:58,160 Speaker 1: In addition to all their scrimmage exhibitions, the young women 193 00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:01,120 Speaker 1: had a lot of other skills to to brush up 194 00:12:01,160 --> 00:12:04,200 Speaker 1: on before going to the World's Fair. In addition to 195 00:12:04,280 --> 00:12:07,040 Speaker 1: doing their academic and vocational work in front of an 196 00:12:07,080 --> 00:12:10,360 Speaker 1: audience at the Model Indian School, they would be performing 197 00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:15,480 Speaker 1: in mandolin recitals, doing literary recitations, and giving demonstrations of 198 00:12:15,720 --> 00:12:21,640 Speaker 1: gymnastics and calisthenics. Lizzie Worth acted as choreographer for their demonstrations, 199 00:12:22,280 --> 00:12:25,960 Speaker 1: and Fort Shaw's music teacher, Fern Evans set the program 200 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:30,280 Speaker 1: and trained them for their musical recitals. Lily B. Crawford 201 00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:33,520 Speaker 1: trained them in their literary recitations, which was the one 202 00:12:33,559 --> 00:12:37,280 Speaker 1: aspect of their preparation that the girls struggled with. Most 203 00:12:37,280 --> 00:12:40,400 Speaker 1: of the girls have been playing team games together since childhood, 204 00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:43,319 Speaker 1: and they had been studying music since they entered Fort Shaw. 205 00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:47,200 Speaker 1: The school's music program was also highly regarded, with the 206 00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:51,280 Speaker 1: band accompanying the basketball team and holding performances at halftime 207 00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:54,480 Speaker 1: and after the game, but almost none of them really 208 00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:57,600 Speaker 1: had any experience speaking in front of a crowd or 209 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:01,520 Speaker 1: reciting a literary piece for crowds. And jointment. A should 210 00:13:01,559 --> 00:13:04,480 Speaker 1: make it clear that they likely all had experience with 211 00:13:04,600 --> 00:13:07,160 Speaker 1: music from before they entered the school, but the school 212 00:13:07,200 --> 00:13:10,360 Speaker 1: was really really where they had formal education and music. 213 00:13:11,240 --> 00:13:14,720 Speaker 1: The piece they prepared for their literary recitation was from 214 00:13:14,760 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 1: Henry Wadsworth Longfellows, the Song of Hiawatha, in particular, it 215 00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:22,760 Speaker 1: was part twenty the Famine. They also did an interpretive 216 00:13:22,760 --> 00:13:25,760 Speaker 1: performance called Song of the Mystic, which was a dance 217 00:13:25,840 --> 00:13:29,240 Speaker 1: that they performed in white robes. And this whole dance 218 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:32,000 Speaker 1: and the robe that they were wearing was described as 219 00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:36,839 Speaker 1: just dazzlingly beautiful to watch. For their recitation, UH, they 220 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:40,160 Speaker 1: were to wear ceremonial buckskin dresses, which was a challenge. 221 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:43,000 Speaker 1: At Fort Shaw, the girls were only allowed to wear 222 00:13:43,120 --> 00:13:47,560 Speaker 1: uniforms and back Home Indian Agents, which were government appointees 223 00:13:47,559 --> 00:13:51,400 Speaker 1: that sort of served as liaisons with UH native people's, 224 00:13:51,559 --> 00:13:55,520 Speaker 1: had strongly discouraged the wearing of traditional native garments, so 225 00:13:55,679 --> 00:13:59,240 Speaker 1: finding enough buckskin dresses and beaded breastplates for this recitation 226 00:13:59,320 --> 00:14:03,320 Speaker 1: actually proved to be very difficult. As they prepared to 227 00:14:03,360 --> 00:14:06,840 Speaker 1: go to St. Louis, the basketball team added these recitations, 228 00:14:06,960 --> 00:14:09,760 Speaker 1: dances and recitals to their schedules so they would follow 229 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:13,079 Speaker 1: up their exhibition games with concerts afterward, and the cost 230 00:14:13,120 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 1: of admission went towards their funds for the trip. Through 231 00:14:16,600 --> 00:14:19,920 Speaker 1: the early spring of nineteen o four, the Fort Shaw team, 232 00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:22,320 Speaker 1: the band, and a few other students who had a 233 00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:26,920 Speaker 1: particular knack for performance traveled to Anaconda Butte and Missoula, 234 00:14:27,040 --> 00:14:30,400 Speaker 1: playing what was billed as a farewell game and performance, 235 00:14:30,640 --> 00:14:33,520 Speaker 1: the public's last chance to see them before they left 236 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:37,320 Speaker 1: for St. Louis. After the scrimmage game, they change out 237 00:14:37,320 --> 00:14:40,080 Speaker 1: of their uniforms and into their traditional attire for an 238 00:14:40,120 --> 00:14:45,200 Speaker 1: evening of music, recitation and dance. The Model Indian School 239 00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:47,720 Speaker 1: at the St. Louis World's Fair was scheduled to open 240 00:14:47,760 --> 00:14:50,640 Speaker 1: on June first, nineteen o four, and the Fort Shaw 241 00:14:50,680 --> 00:14:53,480 Speaker 1: team had to join a little later because of their 242 00:14:53,520 --> 00:14:56,760 Speaker 1: school commitments. They weren't actually able to leave until the 243 00:14:56,800 --> 00:15:00,320 Speaker 1: start of June. They traveled by wagon and then train, 244 00:15:00,600 --> 00:15:04,160 Speaker 1: doing something of a whistle stop tour through Montana, North Dakota, 245 00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:08,400 Speaker 1: and Minnesota before turning south towards Missouri. They arrived on 246 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:12,520 Speaker 1: the fairs Montana Dame that was June fourteenth, four and 247 00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:15,360 Speaker 1: they played a mandolin recital not long after they got 248 00:15:15,400 --> 00:15:18,480 Speaker 1: off the train. I'm just gonna say that sounds exhausting 249 00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:21,360 Speaker 1: to me. I can barely get off the airplane and 250 00:15:21,400 --> 00:15:23,440 Speaker 1: come right to the office and start working. And they 251 00:15:23,440 --> 00:15:25,840 Speaker 1: had been in transit on a train for a couple 252 00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:28,440 Speaker 1: of weeks, got off the train and played amandaland recital. 253 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:31,480 Speaker 1: All of this sounds exhausted. Go play a basketball game 254 00:15:31,560 --> 00:15:33,640 Speaker 1: and then change clothes and you're gonna dance for a while, 255 00:15:33,680 --> 00:15:36,960 Speaker 1: and you're gonna play some music and you're gonna do recitation. Yes, 256 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:40,080 Speaker 1: that's exhausting. It is. And we're gonna talk about the 257 00:15:40,120 --> 00:15:42,400 Speaker 1: time that they spent doing this in St. Louis after 258 00:15:42,520 --> 00:15:54,320 Speaker 1: another quick sponsor break. As we alluded to before the break, 259 00:15:54,360 --> 00:15:56,880 Speaker 1: it had taken the Fort Shaw basketball team and their 260 00:15:56,920 --> 00:16:00,640 Speaker 1: coach and chaperons about two weeks to travel from school 261 00:16:00,680 --> 00:16:03,480 Speaker 1: to St. Louis. Once they got there, they kept up 262 00:16:03,520 --> 00:16:07,160 Speaker 1: a busy schedule. In addition to their demonstration classes at 263 00:16:07,160 --> 00:16:10,920 Speaker 1: the Model Indian School, they had regularly scheduled performances of 264 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:15,200 Speaker 1: their Hiawatha recitation, Song of the Mystic and their mandolin concertos. 265 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:19,520 Speaker 1: Twice a week, weather permitting, they held basketball exhibitions in 266 00:16:19,560 --> 00:16:24,360 Speaker 1: the courtyard outside of the model School. The players had downtime, 267 00:16:24,720 --> 00:16:27,120 Speaker 1: they usually spent it down at the Pike, which became 268 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:30,160 Speaker 1: a favorite place to wander and watch and try out 269 00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:34,479 Speaker 1: new foods. Most of their games on the fairgrounds were scrimmages, 270 00:16:34,760 --> 00:16:37,440 Speaker 1: but they did actually leave the fairgrounds to play against 271 00:16:37,480 --> 00:16:41,120 Speaker 1: several local high school teams. Even though they never had 272 00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:43,600 Speaker 1: a home court advantage and they did not have the 273 00:16:43,600 --> 00:16:47,000 Speaker 1: welcoming crowd that they had grown used to back in Montana, 274 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:50,600 Speaker 1: they still won every single time. If you've listened to 275 00:16:50,640 --> 00:16:53,800 Speaker 1: our live show from Dallas on Pierre de Freddy in 276 00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:57,640 Speaker 1: the Modern Olympic Games, you'll know that in nineteen o four, 277 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:00,680 Speaker 1: the Olympic Games were held in St. Louis at the 278 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:03,800 Speaker 1: same time at the as the World Spare. Unsurprisingly, this 279 00:17:03,920 --> 00:17:08,760 Speaker 1: led to some problems, but it also meant there were 280 00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:12,159 Speaker 1: a lot of athletic activities to take in in St. Louis, 281 00:17:12,240 --> 00:17:16,320 Speaker 1: including basketball games. But the Fort Shop basketball team was 282 00:17:16,480 --> 00:17:20,879 Speaker 1: really the only opportunity to see women's sports. Women weren't 283 00:17:20,920 --> 00:17:23,959 Speaker 1: officially allowed to participate in the Olympic Games yet, and 284 00:17:24,000 --> 00:17:27,439 Speaker 1: women's basketball would not be an Olympic sport for another 285 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:31,920 Speaker 1: seventy plus years. The team did, however, get the honor 286 00:17:31,960 --> 00:17:35,399 Speaker 1: of playing an exhibition game at the Olympics. Yeah, if 287 00:17:35,400 --> 00:17:39,320 Speaker 1: you'll recall, these two events happening abutted right against each 288 00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:42,080 Speaker 1: other caused so much confusion. Some people didn't even know 289 00:17:42,160 --> 00:17:45,159 Speaker 1: they that the Olympics were happening. Some of them that 290 00:17:45,240 --> 00:17:47,719 Speaker 1: were actually in the Olympics thought they were playing at 291 00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:51,080 Speaker 1: the World Fair. Aside from those couple of early games 292 00:17:51,119 --> 00:17:54,399 Speaker 1: in their first season of competitive play, at this point, 293 00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:57,880 Speaker 1: the Fort Shaw Indians School girls basketball team was undefeated. 294 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:02,800 Speaker 1: News coverage of their games suggested that they were unstoppable, speedier, 295 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:05,600 Speaker 1: and more agile than the other teams, and adept at 296 00:18:05,600 --> 00:18:08,960 Speaker 1: feints and strategies that their opponents just could not match. 297 00:18:09,840 --> 00:18:13,239 Speaker 1: So Philip Strummel of Missouri decided it was time for 298 00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:16,840 Speaker 1: somebody to rise to this challenge. He put together an 299 00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:19,439 Speaker 1: all star team to play against Fort Shaw in a 300 00:18:19,520 --> 00:18:22,800 Speaker 1: three game match to determine who would be champion of 301 00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:27,040 Speaker 1: the World's fare. He hands selected past members of St. 302 00:18:27,080 --> 00:18:30,399 Speaker 1: Louis's Central High School team, taking the best of the 303 00:18:30,440 --> 00:18:33,439 Speaker 1: best from the years that Central had been state champions. 304 00:18:33,960 --> 00:18:38,400 Speaker 1: This alumna team trained together with the specific goal exclusively 305 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,960 Speaker 1: of defeating Fort Shaw. The games were to take place 306 00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:47,120 Speaker 1: over three Saturdays. The first game was held on September three, 307 00:18:47,800 --> 00:18:52,040 Speaker 1: and Fort Shaw one twenty four to two. Still not 308 00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:56,400 Speaker 1: the colossal scores that happened today, but that's a big disparity, 309 00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:59,160 Speaker 1: and they did it even though Emma Sansovor was only 310 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,479 Speaker 1: recently back on the court, having sprained her ankle in 311 00:19:02,480 --> 00:19:05,119 Speaker 1: one of their games against the local high school. And 312 00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:08,040 Speaker 1: the words of the St. Louis Dispatch quote, to the 313 00:19:08,080 --> 00:19:12,000 Speaker 1: great surprise of several hundred spectators, the girls from Fort 314 00:19:12,040 --> 00:19:16,080 Speaker 1: Shaw were more active, more accurate, and cooler than their opponents. 315 00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:21,520 Speaker 1: At the next scheduled Saturday, Strommle and the St. Louis 316 00:19:21,560 --> 00:19:26,879 Speaker 1: alumna team didn't even show up, forfeiting the entire series. Apparently, 317 00:19:26,920 --> 00:19:30,119 Speaker 1: though the team was not actually content to lose the 318 00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:33,080 Speaker 1: series by forfeit, they asked for a second match, which 319 00:19:33,119 --> 00:19:36,000 Speaker 1: took place on October eight, this time in front of 320 00:19:36,040 --> 00:19:39,840 Speaker 1: the Model Indian School. So many people came to watch 321 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:42,800 Speaker 1: the security had to be called to clear the playing 322 00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:47,280 Speaker 1: field and keep the crowd held back. Fort Shaw one 323 00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:51,480 Speaker 1: again seventeen to six, this time making them the undisputed 324 00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:55,800 Speaker 1: champions of the nineteen o four Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and 325 00:19:55,840 --> 00:19:58,800 Speaker 1: even though there was no official governing body for a 326 00:19:58,840 --> 00:20:02,320 Speaker 1: World Basketball League, the public consensus was that they were 327 00:20:02,359 --> 00:20:06,480 Speaker 1: world champions as well, even though the World's Fair was 328 00:20:06,520 --> 00:20:09,879 Speaker 1: to run until December. The Model Indian School was really 329 00:20:09,880 --> 00:20:12,320 Speaker 1: only built as a summer building. It was just not 330 00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:16,520 Speaker 1: equipped to withstand cold temperatures or wintry weather. So not 331 00:20:16,640 --> 00:20:20,160 Speaker 1: long after that October eighth championship, the Fort Shaw students, 332 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:22,720 Speaker 1: together with the rest of the Model School student body, 333 00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:25,120 Speaker 1: helped dismantle it. And then they packed up and went 334 00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:29,639 Speaker 1: home and their journals and their letters. The players unsurprisingly 335 00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:32,560 Speaker 1: described this as being both a sorrow and a relief, 336 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:35,320 Speaker 1: Like they had they had seemed to have a really 337 00:20:35,359 --> 00:20:37,920 Speaker 1: good time in St. Louis, but they were also eager 338 00:20:37,960 --> 00:20:40,919 Speaker 1: to get back home to the rest of their classmates 339 00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:45,040 Speaker 1: and eventually to their families. Maybe not to be working 340 00:20:45,119 --> 00:20:48,639 Speaker 1: an incredibly grueling sports and performance schedule. It is a 341 00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:53,160 Speaker 1: crueling It surprises me that they that they were able 342 00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:55,359 Speaker 1: to spend as much time on the pike as they did, 343 00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:58,040 Speaker 1: like that was really their favorite place to go anytime 344 00:20:58,080 --> 00:21:02,080 Speaker 1: they did not have something on or scheduled to do yeah. 345 00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:06,080 Speaker 1: The fot Shaw girls basketball team continued its undefeated streak 346 00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:09,520 Speaker 1: through nineteen o six, as its members became adults and 347 00:21:09,560 --> 00:21:13,080 Speaker 1: either left school or graduated, though they were invited to 348 00:21:13,119 --> 00:21:16,160 Speaker 1: the Lewis and Clark Exposition of nineteen o five. By 349 00:21:16,160 --> 00:21:18,840 Speaker 1: that point, their reputation as a team was so formidable 350 00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:21,760 Speaker 1: that no one wanted to play against them. Only a 351 00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:24,520 Speaker 1: couple of world champion team members were still enrolled in 352 00:21:24,520 --> 00:21:26,800 Speaker 1: the school by nineteen o seven, which is the year 353 00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:30,119 Speaker 1: that Fred Campbell left a school superintendent to take a 354 00:21:30,200 --> 00:21:35,160 Speaker 1: job at the Fort Peck Indian Reservation as an allotting agent. Today, 355 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:37,800 Speaker 1: there is a monuments to the team at the former 356 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:40,720 Speaker 1: site of Fort Shaw Indian School. It's shaped like an 357 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:43,800 Speaker 1: arch that reads nineteen o four World Champions Fort Shaw 358 00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:47,679 Speaker 1: Indian School. There's an inscribed stone with a picture of 359 00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:50,680 Speaker 1: the team and the players names on it beneath the arch. 360 00:21:51,880 --> 00:21:54,439 Speaker 1: It's not actually clear what happened to all of the 361 00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:57,040 Speaker 1: nineteen o four Fort Shaw players after the end of 362 00:21:57,040 --> 00:21:59,960 Speaker 1: the season. Most of them went on to finish school 363 00:22:00,200 --> 00:22:06,040 Speaker 1: mary and have families. Some later worked as seamstresses, teachers, nurses, aids, 364 00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:11,280 Speaker 1: and interpreters. Several died at sadly early ages, including Minnie Burton, 365 00:22:11,359 --> 00:22:14,920 Speaker 1: who died in childbirth at thirty three, and Emma Sansavor, 366 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,000 Speaker 1: who died of septicemia after the birth of her ninth 367 00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:21,320 Speaker 1: child when she was thirty nine. Jenny Butch died in 368 00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:25,200 Speaker 1: nineteen o nine of a lethal dose of salts, with 369 00:22:25,240 --> 00:22:29,160 Speaker 1: foul play actually suspected in her death. Flora Lucero died 370 00:22:29,160 --> 00:22:33,400 Speaker 1: of diabetes in ninety eight. Jim Healy outlived the rest 371 00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:36,520 Speaker 1: of her team, dying in nineteen eighty one at the 372 00:22:36,560 --> 00:22:40,800 Speaker 1: age of nineties three. Apart from their physical talent and 373 00:22:40,880 --> 00:22:43,640 Speaker 1: skill on the court, the girls basketball team at Fort 374 00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:47,960 Speaker 1: Shaw's an amazing example of resilience in the face of adversity. 375 00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:50,960 Speaker 1: In addition to the general experience of growing up in 376 00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:53,360 Speaker 1: a boarding school that was a meant to erase their 377 00:22:53,400 --> 00:22:56,800 Speaker 1: own culture and replace it with another one, several of 378 00:22:56,800 --> 00:23:00,760 Speaker 1: the girls experienced personal tragedies in their your life or 379 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:04,960 Speaker 1: while at school. Many had lost immediate family members before 380 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:08,600 Speaker 1: being enrolled, or learned of the deaths of parents, siblings, 381 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:11,080 Speaker 1: and other family members back at home while they were studying, 382 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:15,480 Speaker 1: or actually lived through those deaths. When illnesses like typhoid 383 00:23:15,560 --> 00:23:19,480 Speaker 1: and smallpox struck the school. This was not limited to 384 00:23:19,560 --> 00:23:22,800 Speaker 1: their time at Fort Shaw. A five year old died 385 00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:26,640 Speaker 1: of unknown causes during an outbreak of fever that coincided 386 00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:29,080 Speaker 1: with a heat wave at the Model Indian School in 387 00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:33,600 Speaker 1: July of nineteen four, leading the Pima Indian School kindergarten 388 00:23:33,680 --> 00:23:37,720 Speaker 1: to go back to Arizona Territory early yeah. The unknown 389 00:23:37,800 --> 00:23:41,399 Speaker 1: causes was the officially recorded cause of death, but it 390 00:23:41,480 --> 00:23:44,159 Speaker 1: was pretty apparent that the child was sick and the 391 00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:48,840 Speaker 1: school was fastly overheated. Some of these tragedies took place 392 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:53,879 Speaker 1: during the playing season. Emma Sansofor's mother struggled with alcoholism 393 00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:57,520 Speaker 1: and she had become involved with an abusive man. Emma 394 00:23:57,680 --> 00:24:01,480 Speaker 1: learned from a newspaper report that her mother had disappeared 395 00:24:01,520 --> 00:24:04,399 Speaker 1: and was suspected to have been murdered just before a 396 00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:08,399 Speaker 1: game in nineteen o three during the team's tour. In 397 00:24:08,440 --> 00:24:11,600 Speaker 1: the early spring of nineteen o four, Katie Snill's little 398 00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:15,879 Speaker 1: brother George and their cousin Fred Cunahan both ran away 399 00:24:15,880 --> 00:24:19,080 Speaker 1: from school and they were caught in a blizzard. George 400 00:24:19,080 --> 00:24:23,520 Speaker 1: survived but had severe frostbite, and Fred died. The two boys, 401 00:24:23,520 --> 00:24:26,320 Speaker 1: who were both just seven had apparently been inspired by 402 00:24:26,320 --> 00:24:29,679 Speaker 1: the successful escape of four older boys who had sneaked 403 00:24:29,720 --> 00:24:32,960 Speaker 1: away before the storm and successfully hopped a train back 404 00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:37,600 Speaker 1: home before the storm hit. That last tragedy really highlights 405 00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:40,520 Speaker 1: one of the disparities of this story. We spent a 406 00:24:40,560 --> 00:24:42,920 Speaker 1: lot of time in Part one talking about the system 407 00:24:42,960 --> 00:24:45,760 Speaker 1: of Indian boarding schools in the United States and how 408 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:49,159 Speaker 1: the conditions there were often miserable and even abusive for 409 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:53,159 Speaker 1: the students. The girls basketball team had a lot of privileges. 410 00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:55,560 Speaker 1: They wrote about their time on the team and at 411 00:24:55,560 --> 00:24:58,600 Speaker 1: the fair as a joyful one. They made a remarkable 412 00:24:58,720 --> 00:25:01,679 Speaker 1: name for themselves and for the school, but this doesn't 413 00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:04,320 Speaker 1: erase the experience of their classmates, who are not so 414 00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:09,119 Speaker 1: comparatively fortunate. Although their enrollments started to decline in the 415 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:13,879 Speaker 1: nineteen teens, federal off reservation boarding schools have continued to 416 00:25:13,920 --> 00:25:17,719 Speaker 1: operate in the decades since then. Fort Shaw closed in 417 00:25:17,800 --> 00:25:22,600 Speaker 1: nineteen ten and Carlisle Indian Industrial School closed in nineteen eighteen. 418 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,840 Speaker 1: Until the nineteen sixties, the boarding schools that continued to 419 00:25:26,880 --> 00:25:30,360 Speaker 1: operate still had a goal of westernizing and americanizing their 420 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:35,639 Speaker 1: students and erasing Native cultures. By nineteen seventy three, about 421 00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:39,280 Speaker 1: sixty thousand Native students were enrolled in boarding schools on 422 00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:43,439 Speaker 1: and off reservations. The focus of these schools started to 423 00:25:43,520 --> 00:25:47,399 Speaker 1: change in the nineteen seventies, largely through Native activism, and 424 00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:50,760 Speaker 1: today there are still a handful of federal boarding schools 425 00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:54,040 Speaker 1: in operation, run by the Bureau of Indian Education at 426 00:25:54,040 --> 00:25:56,280 Speaker 1: the Bureau of Indian Affairs, which is part of the 427 00:25:56,359 --> 00:26:00,320 Speaker 1: United States Department of the Interior. Now, these schools are 428 00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:04,320 Speaker 1: generally focused on students who were at risk for drug abuse, suicide, 429 00:26:04,359 --> 00:26:08,600 Speaker 1: and other serious issues. Rather than teaching only in English 430 00:26:08,640 --> 00:26:13,119 Speaker 1: and discouraging Native practices, the schools today actively teach Native 431 00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:18,080 Speaker 1: languages and cultural practices in addition to other academic subjects. 432 00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:22,680 Speaker 1: But these boarding schools continue to be the subject of controversy, 433 00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:26,800 Speaker 1: everything from government budget cuts to low graduation rates and 434 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:30,320 Speaker 1: achievement scores, and a general question of whether the federal 435 00:26:30,359 --> 00:26:33,560 Speaker 1: government should be running boarding schools for Native students at all. 436 00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:37,280 Speaker 1: There's an ongoing movement for tribes and nations to assume 437 00:26:37,359 --> 00:26:41,800 Speaker 1: control over those schools themselves. To circle back to basketball 438 00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:44,920 Speaker 1: as we close out, It is a hugely popular sport 439 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:48,600 Speaker 1: today in many Native American communities with a really fast 440 00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:51,000 Speaker 1: paced style of play that's come to be known as 441 00:26:51,080 --> 00:26:54,840 Speaker 1: res ball. Even so, it was only in twenty eleven 442 00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:58,600 Speaker 1: that Tony Robinson became the first Native American woman drafted 443 00:26:58,640 --> 00:27:01,840 Speaker 1: into the w n b A basketball. We did a 444 00:27:01,840 --> 00:27:05,680 Speaker 1: sports episode, Tracy, I know, I didn't you did research 445 00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:09,280 Speaker 1: on sports things. I know. I did a two part 446 00:27:09,359 --> 00:27:13,240 Speaker 1: podcast on sports ball, which is uh still kind of 447 00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:15,600 Speaker 1: astounding to me. I said in part one that I 448 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:18,600 Speaker 1: would be really hard pressed to like sit all the 449 00:27:18,640 --> 00:27:20,639 Speaker 1: way through a football game, which is a thing that 450 00:27:20,760 --> 00:27:24,960 Speaker 1: I did in high school as part of the color 451 00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:27,960 Speaker 1: guard in the marching band. But I could not tell 452 00:27:28,040 --> 00:27:31,040 Speaker 1: you what was going on on the field at any point. 453 00:27:31,680 --> 00:27:34,560 Speaker 1: I just I yelled when people yelled, and then I 454 00:27:34,600 --> 00:27:39,119 Speaker 1: went out onto the field during halftime and did my 455 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:43,280 Speaker 1: flag routine. Yeah. I never really got into football. Hockey 456 00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:48,760 Speaker 1: and baseball. I have both watched, uh with some fervor, 457 00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:52,480 Speaker 1: but football has never been my my sport. Either has basketball, 458 00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:54,400 Speaker 1: for that matter, But lots of people love them and 459 00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:57,000 Speaker 1: get great enjoyment from him. My best friend is a 460 00:27:57,040 --> 00:28:01,160 Speaker 1: football fanatic, so I hear a lot about it during 461 00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:05,160 Speaker 1: the season. Yeah. When I, um, we made that reference 462 00:28:05,240 --> 00:28:07,920 Speaker 1: in part one to the Carlisle Indian Schools football team, 463 00:28:08,280 --> 00:28:10,840 Speaker 1: and I was listening. I was doing some research about 464 00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:13,199 Speaker 1: that because I felt like we should acknowledge it. It 465 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:16,680 Speaker 1: would be weird not to say something about it, since 466 00:28:16,800 --> 00:28:20,280 Speaker 1: you know, it has parallels to these two episodes in 467 00:28:20,359 --> 00:28:22,760 Speaker 1: so many different ways. But I was listening to this 468 00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:26,880 Speaker 1: explanation about how the football rules at the time differed 469 00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:29,600 Speaker 1: from the football rules now, and it got into this 470 00:28:29,640 --> 00:28:31,800 Speaker 1: whole thing about the first down line, and I was like, 471 00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:40,600 Speaker 1: I'm out. I don't know. It's good. Uh, you know 472 00:28:40,640 --> 00:28:44,240 Speaker 1: where I do. It's It's one of those things where 473 00:28:44,240 --> 00:28:47,600 Speaker 1: I have an almost visceral inability to understand it. So 474 00:28:47,680 --> 00:28:50,720 Speaker 1: many times in my life I have I have read 475 00:28:51,040 --> 00:28:53,160 Speaker 1: what the first down line is, and it's just it 476 00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:55,360 Speaker 1: won't stay in my brain. It falls directly out the 477 00:28:55,360 --> 00:29:03,840 Speaker 1: other side. You got other stuff in your brain. Thanks 478 00:29:03,880 --> 00:29:06,600 Speaker 1: so much for joining us on this Saturday. Since this 479 00:29:06,640 --> 00:29:08,680 Speaker 1: episode is out of the archive, if you heard an 480 00:29:08,680 --> 00:29:10,920 Speaker 1: email address or a Facebook U r L or something 481 00:29:10,960 --> 00:29:13,400 Speaker 1: similar over the course of the show, that could be 482 00:29:13,480 --> 00:29:18,320 Speaker 1: obsolete now. Our current email address is History Podcast at 483 00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:21,840 Speaker 1: I Heart radio dot com. 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