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Speaker 1: On this episode of Newts World. Thousands of Germans gathered

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Speaker 1: at the Berlin Wall on November ninth, nineteen eighty nine

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Speaker 1: and began to tear it down. The act of tearing

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Speaker 1: down the wall was the symbolic end of the collapse

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Speaker 1: of the Civil Union and communist rule of East Berlin

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Speaker 1: and began the reunification of Germany. Just two years before,

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Speaker 1: President Ronald Reagan gave an address at the Brandenburg Gate

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Speaker 1: on June twelfth, nineteen eighty seven. Listen to what Reagan had.

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Speaker 2: To say, General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if

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Speaker 2: you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe,

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Speaker 2: if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate. Mister

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Speaker 2: Goarbaschev opened this gate, Mister g Mister Garba Shalk teared

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Speaker 2: down this wall.

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Speaker 1: Here to discuss the thirty fifth anniversary of the fallow

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Speaker 1: Berlin Wall and President Riggins enduring legacy. I'm really pleased

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Speaker 1: to welcome my guest and good friend, David Trulio. He

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Speaker 1: is the President and chief executive officer of the Ronald

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Speaker 1: Reagan Presidential Foundation and Institute in Simi Valley, California. David,

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Speaker 1: welcome and thank you for joining me on Newts World.

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Speaker 3: Mister speaker, it is great to see you again and

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Speaker 3: a thrill to be on your show. Thank you.

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Speaker 1: I should mention to our listeners were just a few

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Speaker 1: days off from that anniversary, because both you and I

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Speaker 1: have been traveling quite a bit in the days around

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Speaker 1: the election. I want to set the stage for our

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Speaker 1: listeners who maybe don't remember how incredible this moment when

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Speaker 1: time was Here is ABC News journalist Peter Jennings reporting

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Speaker 1: live from Berlin on November tenth, nineteen eighty nine from ADC.

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Speaker 3: This is World News Tonight with Peter Jennings reporting tonight

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Speaker 3: from Berlin.

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Speaker 4: From the Berlin Walls, specifically, take a look at them.

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Speaker 4: They've been there since last night. They are here in

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Speaker 4: the thousands, they are here in the tens of thousands.

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Speaker 4: Occasionally they shout dem almost vec the wall must go,

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Speaker 4: and thousands of West Germans come to make the point

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Speaker 4: that the wall has suddenly become irrelevant something as you

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Speaker 4: can see, almost a party on How do you measure

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Speaker 4: such an astonishing moment in history? The East German government

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Speaker 4: said tonight they were going to make more openings in

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Speaker 4: the wall, at least a dozen more put bulldozers right

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Speaker 4: through the wall so that more people could cross to

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Speaker 4: the west.

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Speaker 1: David must go back in history to the origins of

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Speaker 1: the wall, why it was initially built, and what its

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Speaker 1: purpose was.

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Speaker 3: Absolutely, mister speaker. Well, on a technical basis, it starts

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Speaker 3: in August of nineteen sixty one. The wall goes up,

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Speaker 3: and it's important to note that the wall was not

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Speaker 3: to keep the free people of West Berlin in but

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Speaker 3: to keep the imprisoned people of East Germany and the

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Speaker 3: broader Eastern bloc out of freedom. And people were escaping

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Speaker 3: to freedom by getting themselves to West Berlin, and that

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Speaker 3: was intolerable in a system that forced control of people

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Speaker 3: down to where they could move and live and so on.

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Speaker 3: So in the dead of night, the East German and

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Speaker 3: Soviet militaries stand up this wall that ends up lasting

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Speaker 3: twenty eight years. That fort fell, as you said, mister speaker,

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Speaker 3: on November ninth of nineteen eighty nine.

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Speaker 1: These German communists were faced with a real crisis because

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Speaker 1: so many people were leaving, that all of their talented

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Speaker 1: folks who were leaving, they literally created an effect a

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Speaker 1: prison out of the whole country. And yet people continued

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Speaker 1: to tunnel under it and to try to get over it.

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Speaker 1: It seemed to me that it was a remarkable testimony

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Speaker 1: both to the power of freedom and to the evil

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Speaker 1: of tyranny. And yet the Berlin Wall had divided the

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Speaker 1: city of Berlin in half for almost twenty six years

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Speaker 1: before Reagan went to Berlin, and he went there to

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Speaker 1: commemorate the seven hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the city's founding.

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Speaker 3: It's remark and President Kennedy had been there about a

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Speaker 3: quarter century before. It was twenty four years before. Two

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Speaker 3: other US presidents had been there after him, And when

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Speaker 3: President Reagan arrived in June of nineteen eighty seven, Secretary Gorbachev,

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Speaker 3: the leader of the Soviet Union, had just been in

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Speaker 3: East Berlin two weeks before. So the timing was very

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Speaker 3: interesting and noteworthy. And it was a momentous speech which

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Speaker 3: I'm sure we'll get into now in a moment.

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Speaker 1: Well, you know, it became known ultimately as the Tear

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Speaker 1: Down this Wall speech, but that wasn't how it started,

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Speaker 1: and except for Reagan personally, that isn't that it would

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Speaker 1: have ended. Talk a little bit about the dynamics of

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Speaker 1: this bold challenge, which, by the way, related to something

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Speaker 1: Reagan had said when he was governor of California and

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Speaker 1: he visited Berlin, I believe it was in nineteen sixty seven,

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Speaker 1: and he looked up and he said, that wall sure

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Speaker 1: is ugly. They ought to tear it down. And so

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Speaker 1: I think he'd had that in the back of his

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Speaker 1: head for all those years, and that was a chance

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Speaker 1: to do something. Could you talk a little bit about

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Speaker 1: the drama. I mean, this thing almost didn't get said.

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Speaker 3: Well, mister speaker, it's a very perceptive point that you make,

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Speaker 3: because the most famous phrase, arguably of Ronald Reagan, and

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Speaker 3: one of the most important phrases of the entire Cold

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Speaker 3: War was almost not set and part of that or

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Speaker 3: the big driver that was a huge debate within President

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Speaker 3: Reagan's team over whether or not that line was an

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Speaker 3: advisable thing to say, mister Gorbercheff, tear down this wall.

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Speaker 3: It was viewed as something to be removed by the

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Speaker 3: State Department, by the National Security Council staff and including

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Speaker 3: the great Secretary of State George Schultz and at the

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Speaker 3: time Deputy National Security Advisor Colin Powell, another great American.

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Speaker 3: But history has shown that they were wrong. But they

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Speaker 3: kept taking the line out, and the line kept going

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Speaker 3: back in at the behest of the President himself. After all,

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Speaker 3: he was the president and he was there, and of

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Speaker 3: course there was help from the speech writers, Peter Robinson

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Speaker 3: and Tony Dolan. I think there's a huge implication for

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Speaker 3: today or for any president, mister speaker, whereby the direction

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Speaker 3: of the boss, whoever that is, really needs to carry

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Speaker 3: the day. And also there'll be an inevitable perhaps timidity

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Speaker 3: or a desire to maybe not offend and calling people out,

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Speaker 3: people who are either engaged in wrongdoing or proclaim, as

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Speaker 3: General Secretary Gorbachev did, that this was a new era

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Speaker 3: of openness or restructuring. Ronald Reagan called him out. And

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Speaker 3: it's interesting, mister Speaker, Ronald Reagan didn't say, would you

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Speaker 3: please take down this wall, or Hey, we'd really like

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Speaker 3: it if you take down this wall. This was a demand.

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Speaker 3: He demanded that Gorbachev tear down the wall. So as

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Speaker 3: will Imboden, who wrote a magnificent book The Peacemaker, details

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Speaker 3: really wonderfully, this is one of the two most powerful

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Speaker 3: men in the world talking to the other most powerful

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Speaker 3: man in the world, and he's issuing this demand, and

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Speaker 3: it's an incredible and that's why we're still talking about

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Speaker 3: it today and people will talk about it one hundred

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Speaker 3: years from now.

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Speaker 1: He's issuing the demand very publicly. It's also a a

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Speaker 1: classic sense of Reagan's skills tear down this walls a

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Speaker 1: great line. You can imagine had the normal State Department

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Speaker 1: speech writers gotten away with it, he would become so indirect,

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Speaker 1: so obscure, so timid, that it would have had no meaning.

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Speaker 3: Well, will Imbden, who I just mentioned, he cites in

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Speaker 3: his book how some of the comments as they were

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Speaker 3: soliciting and working through comments. So the Germans are not

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Speaker 3: a sentimental people. They won't like this. This seems silly

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Speaker 3: as edited. That was another piece of feedback. Too much

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Speaker 3: emphasis on good guys and bad guys, and you can

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Speaker 3: just see the sort of timidity of the bureaucracy at

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Speaker 3: work now. At the same time, I think, in my opinion,

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Speaker 3: there was a legitimate concern that Ron Reagan maybe he

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Speaker 3: shouldn't challenge Gorbachev too directly and risk weakening the Soviet

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Speaker 3: leader who was on a good trajectory, or maybe it'll

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Speaker 3: upset the Allies, maybe could raise false hopes. Right, all

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Speaker 3: the reasons not to do something bold. But obviously history

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Speaker 3: has proven that it was the right thing to do,

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Speaker 3: and it not only electrified the audience in person, but

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Speaker 3: it showed that Ronald Reagan and America stood with the

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Speaker 3: people of Berlin, people who were yearning for freedom everywhere,

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Speaker 3: and he was speaking to them. He was challenging Gorbachev,

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Speaker 3: calling him out on the talk of openness and restructuring.

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Speaker 3: Reagan gave hope to captive nations through moral clarity, and

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Speaker 3: his secretary Schultz subsequently said it was a statement beyond

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Speaker 3: the wall that the system had to change, So change

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Speaker 3: it Gorbachev.

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Speaker 1: Secretary Schultz told me one time that Reagan had put

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Speaker 1: this line in and I went over to State and

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Speaker 1: the State bureaucrats took it out, and he hand wrote

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Speaker 1: it back in and went over to State and they

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Speaker 1: took it out. And he finally called Schultz and said, Georgia,

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Speaker 1: you need to tell them I am the president. They're

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Speaker 1: not the president. It stays in. Then they get to

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Speaker 1: Berlin and that morning at breakfast, every senior advisor begs

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Speaker 1: him to take it out, and on the car on

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Speaker 1: the way to deliver the speech. Ken Diverstein, who became

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Speaker 1: his chief of staff said, are you really really sure

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Speaker 1: you want to do this? The level of personal focus

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Speaker 1: and personal strength that Reagan had to exhibit just to

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Speaker 1: get that simple line, that's amazing. But I always tell

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Speaker 1: people that Reagan had a unique knack. Most of the

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Speaker 1: time he was at fifty thousand feet looking at grand

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Speaker 1: policy unless he thought there was a point of leverage

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Speaker 1: that required him to go out it. And I think

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Speaker 1: Reagan had this deep intuitive sense. But at the same time,

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Speaker 1: as you know very well, Reagan also had an acute

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Speaker 1: sense of the importance of backing up words with strength.

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Speaker 1: And I think one of the most interesting examples was

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Speaker 1: his initiative on the Strategic Defense Initiative can you talk

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Speaker 1: a little bit about but became ultimately derided by the

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Speaker 1: left and called star Wars. But in fact it was

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Speaker 1: a very serious effort to find a way to minimize

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Speaker 1: the danger of nuclear war. How do you see all that?

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Speaker 3: Absolutely crucial? So the Strategic Defense Initiative, often referred to

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Speaker 3: as SDI and then derided by critics such as Ted Kennedy,

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Speaker 3: dismissed as star Wars, some fantastical thing from a science

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Speaker 3: fiction movie that can never happen, was a groundbreaking initiative

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Speaker 3: with the ultimate objective of intercepting and destroying nuclear missiles

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Speaker 3: before they reached our own soil or that of our allies.

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Speaker 3: And it had the potential to make nuclear weapons obsolete.

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Speaker 3: And this was a concept and idea that President Reagan

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Speaker 3: advanced very publicly in nineteen eighty three, and crucially he

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Speaker 3: stuck to it. As you know as well as anybody,

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Speaker 3: mister speaker. Many in the United States dismissed it on

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Speaker 3: scientific grounds, it could never happen. Allies and partners of

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Speaker 3: the United States, good allies thought, if you pull this off,

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Speaker 3: which many of us don't think you actually can technologically,

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Speaker 3: is this going to delatch you from Europe? Are our

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Speaker 3: interests going to diverge? But President Reagan understood well. First

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Speaker 3: of all, he hated the concept of nuclear war. He

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Speaker 3: hated the concept that we had lived under of mutually

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Speaker 3: assured destruction mad and he wanted to find a way

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Speaker 3: to fundamentally change the game around that. And more broadly,

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Speaker 3: he saw the possibility that American technology and ingenuity could

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Speaker 3: nullify Soviet advantages. So he had the vision for this

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Speaker 3: and he held really firm to it. Again, as we

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Speaker 3: discussed earlier, he was able to withstand internal critics external critics,

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Speaker 3: and it would have been the easiest thing in the world,

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Speaker 3: especially at the Reykvic summitch, to trade away SDI for

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Speaker 3: other nuclear reductions. But he stuck with it, and that

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Speaker 3: played a crucial role in the ultimate defeat of the

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Speaker 3: Soviet Union, because the Soviets, unlike those in the West,

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Speaker 3: actually thought this thing might actually work. They had such

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Speaker 3: healthy respect for American technology and ingenuity that they essentially thought, Hey,

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Speaker 3: the Americans might actually pull this off, which meant that

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Speaker 3: they had to spend more and more time and money

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Speaker 3: pour that into their military, which ultimately was unsustainable for them.

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Speaker 1: The fact is that Reagan hit him very subtle vision

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Speaker 1: of the power of technology. Partly, I suspect from the

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Speaker 1: eight years he spent a general electric he really did

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Speaker 1: have some sense for that. But in addition he had

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Speaker 1: the huge advance that he had two partners in Margaret

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Speaker 1: Thatcher and Saint John Paul the second Clise and I

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Speaker 1: did a movie on Reagan called Roundio Destiny, and then

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Speaker 1: we did a movie on John Paul the Second called

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Speaker 1: Nine Days That Changed the World. And this magic moment

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Speaker 1: when they get together for the first time they've both

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Speaker 1: been shot, and they both were professional actors. John Paul

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Speaker 1: was an actor before he became a priest. They're sitting

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Speaker 1: here getting to know each other, comparing notes on being

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Speaker 1: actors and then comparing notes on why did God save

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Speaker 1: their lives? And they concluded that it was to enable

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Speaker 1: them to defeat the Soviet Empire. When you added Thatcher

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Speaker 1: to that, the three of them had a clear purpose,

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Speaker 1: which was to accelerate the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

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Speaker 1: The three formed just sort of a remarkable team. And

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Speaker 1: part of that and you capture this in the library,

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Speaker 1: which I should say to all of our listeners have

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Speaker 1: never been to the Reagan Library. It captures the spirit

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Speaker 1: of Ronald and Nancy Reagan. It's elegant, it's well thought out.

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Speaker 1: You will find it totally fascinating. David does a great job,

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Speaker 1: and his team does and it's just a remarkable place

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Speaker 1: to learn American history. But part of what I think

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Speaker 1: you learned there is how pleasantly but firmly Reagan pursued

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Speaker 1: a handful of big things. He pursued the defeated the

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Speaker 1: Soviet Empire. He pursued rebuilding the American economy. Something we

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Speaker 1: have to talk about briefly, and then he pursued renewing Americans'

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Speaker 1: faith in themselves and the whole idea of social value

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Speaker 1: of being an American. How does it feel for you

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Speaker 1: to be the director and to walk around and to

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Speaker 1: be in that building and be surrounded by that extraordinary history.

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Speaker 3: Well, it's an honor of lifetime, mister speaker. And I'm

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Speaker 3: fifty years old. I was six years old when Ronald

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Speaker 3: Reagan was elected. I was fourteen when he left office.

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Speaker 3: I had the tremendous privilege of growing up with Ronald

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Speaker 3: Reagan as the president in my most formative years. So

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Speaker 3: I feel a tremendous sense of responsibility but also passion

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Speaker 3: to share with others those timeless principles, everything from individual

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Speaker 3: liberty to economic opportunity, to freedom and democracy, peace through strength,

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Speaker 3: and national pride. That is really tremendously motivating. And I

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Speaker 3: appreciate your kind words about the Reagan Library here and

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Speaker 3: seem Valley. We're only an hour from lax and we

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Speaker 3: are the most visited Presidential library for a variety of reasons.

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Speaker 3: The compelling history, the amazing man, and of course Missus Reagan.

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Speaker 3: First Lady Nancy Reagan and the timeless principle. So it's

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Speaker 3: a really remarkable experience.

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Speaker 1: There's also a kind of beauty that I suspect one

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Speaker 1: has to attribute a good bit of it to Nancy,

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Speaker 1: But there's just a sense of really being elegant. This

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Speaker 1: suffuses the entire Reagan experience.

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Speaker 3: Well, I appreciate that it's elegant. I emphatically agree with you.

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Speaker 3: It is elegant. It is also relaxed in the sense

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Speaker 3: that it's in a Spanish Mission style of architecture, and

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Speaker 3: it's evocative of the West, and it really reflects the

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Speaker 3: simultaneous grandeur and humility of the man, and it's really powerful.

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Speaker 1: We're not going to replace Reagan as a person, but

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Speaker 1: as you look at his policies and his strategies and

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Speaker 1: how he said about to achieve things, what do you

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Speaker 1: think of the lessons the new administration can learn.

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Speaker 3: Oh, they're tremendous, tremendous lessons that are truly timeless. First

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Speaker 3: of all, the fundamental commitment to through strength. I think

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Speaker 3: we're on a very good footing there with President elect Trump,

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Speaker 3: where it's clear that he believes in strength. So peace

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Speaker 3: through strength as a timeless, enduring principle is really crucial. Obviously,

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Speaker 3: economic opportunity and really making sure that America is economically competitive.

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Speaker 3: In my opinion, mister speaker, we don't have enough in

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Speaker 3: our national conversation a discussion about the interplay between economic

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Speaker 3: strength and security. You cannot have a strong national security

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Speaker 3: if you don't have a strong economy, and if you

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Speaker 3: don't have strong security, you're not going to have a

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Speaker 3: strong economy for very long. So that interplay is absolutely crucial.

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Speaker 3: And President Reagan fundamentally understood that through economic pressure we

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Speaker 3: would force the hand of the Soviet Union. Basically it

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Speaker 3: would ultimately have to choose between bankruptcy and surrender because

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Speaker 3: we were imposing unsustainable costs on them. And as we

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Speaker 3: look to the present time, look at the similarities from

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Speaker 3: back then to today. We had inflation and a really

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Speaker 3: tough economy for so many Americans. We're facing competition from

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Speaker 3: a ruthless communist regime with global reach and ambition. Back

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Speaker 3: then it was the Soviet Union. Today it's the People's

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Speaker 3: Republic of China led by the Chinese Communist Party. By

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Speaker 3: the way, the Reagan Library were sanctioned by the People's

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Speaker 3: Republic of China because We dared to host Speaker Kevin

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Speaker 3: McCarthy and President CI of Taiwan last year. They didn't

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Speaker 3: like that. So no trips to the People's Republic of

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Speaker 3: China for me. But we wear that as a badge

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Speaker 3: of honor.

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Speaker 1: What does it mean to be sanctioned by the Chinese Communist.

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Speaker 3: Party, Well, we get kind of a kick out of it.

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Speaker 3: It's not entirely clear. What I can guarantee you is

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Speaker 3: that if I were to apply to get a visa

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Speaker 3: to visit China, it will either get denied or if

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Speaker 3: it's approved, I'd probably at the very least expect to

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Speaker 3: have a very long and uncomfortable time at the airport.

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Speaker 3: Were I to land inside the borders of the People's

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Speaker 3: Republic of China, as currently ruled by the Chinese Communist Party.

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Speaker 3: It probably means we're not going to get the terra

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Speaker 3: Cotta warriors, is my guess. We're leading cultural institution. We

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Speaker 3: have special exhibitions all the time. By the way, we're

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Speaker 3: about to host starting next week for many months, the

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Speaker 3: Dead Sea Scroll, So the most significant archaeological discovery of

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Speaker 3: the last eighty years will be here at the Reagan Library.

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Speaker 3: But I don't expect that we'll have anything coming out

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Speaker 3: of the.

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Speaker 1: PRC welc US through this exhibit.

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Speaker 3: Absolutely, So we are a leading cultural institution. So in

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Speaker 3: addition to the amazing museum dedicated to the life and

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Speaker 3: presidency of Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan, we

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Speaker 3: are actually launching a new exhibition starting at the end

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Speaker 3: of next week that is going to display the Dead

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Speaker 3: Sea Scroll. So we invite the public to journey through

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Speaker 3: time and explore one of the most significant archaeological discoveries

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Speaker 3: of the twentieth century. They're coming to the United States

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Speaker 3: after nearly a decade. Features eight authentic Dead Sea schools

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Speaker 3: and over two hundred artifacts from the Second Temple period.

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Speaker 3: So it's a really remarkable exhibition. It's the world premiere

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Speaker 3: and the only West Coast venue if anybody would like

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Speaker 3: to see them. So I invite you and Callista and

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Speaker 3: all of your listeners to an embark on what I

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Speaker 3: think is a really unforgettable journey through history. And it

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Speaker 3: starts Friday of next week.

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Speaker 1: How much of what you do nowadays is online so

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Speaker 1: people cann access it from all over the world.

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Speaker 3: Thank you for that question, mister speaker. It is a

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Speaker 3: huge part of what we do. We will always be

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Speaker 3: world class at the in person experience, the special exhibition.

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Speaker 3: I just mentioned the amazing speakers that we get to

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Speaker 3: host in person. We hosted you back in January, you

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Speaker 3: and Callista, and it was wonderful and it was a

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Speaker 3: packed house. In a nation of three hundred and thirty

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Speaker 3: plus million people, we need to reach them, and we

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Speaker 3: are reaching them through our social media reach. So whether

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Speaker 3: it's at Ronald Reagan on x or at Reagan Foundation

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Speaker 3: on YouTube and Instagram, we're reaching literally millions of people

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Speaker 3: with content rooted in present Reagan's legacy and principles. And

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Speaker 3: that's super exciting because we're pursuing parallel tracks with an

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Speaker 3: amazing in person experience with a tremendous online presence as well.

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Speaker 3: And that includes our educational programs. We're reaching tens of

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Speaker 3: thousands of young people, middle, high school and college people

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Speaker 3: through our variety of educational programs, our national oratory competition

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Speaker 3: for example, our scholarships and so on and all that

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Speaker 3: can be found on Reagan Foundation dot org slash education.

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Speaker 1: It is a remarkable place. And of course you have

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Speaker 1: I think one of the dream jobs in American politics.

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Speaker 1: You get to be in a beautiful place, dealing with

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Speaker 1: a remarkable couple, and hoping not just the Americans, but

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Speaker 1: people around the world have a better sense of why

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Speaker 1: Reaganism worked, what it was all about. And I think,

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Speaker 1: in particular, I'm really hopeful President Trump and his team

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Speaker 1: we'll look at how Reagan got his three year tax

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Speaker 1: cut through because I was there, I was part of it.

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Speaker 1: I'd worked with Jack Kemp to develop supply side economics

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Speaker 1: and to develop a three year tax cut. But we

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Speaker 1: were a minority. We had to have Democratic votes, and

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Speaker 1: Reagan did just an amazing job of turning this into

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Speaker 1: a national American issue, not a Republican issue. And as

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Speaker 1: a result, he got the changes he needed in regulations

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Speaker 1: and the changes he needed in taxation, and he launched

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Speaker 1: what became about twenty five years of prosperity in a

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Speaker 1: way that is really really remarkable. Every time I get

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Speaker 1: a chance to come out there, I'm reminded that he

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Speaker 1: literally changed history. He changed economic history, he changed how

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Speaker 1: we felt about ourselves, and he was the key to

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Speaker 1: liberating the Russian people in all of Eastern Europe from

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Speaker 1: the Civil Union. So you have a national treasure in

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Speaker 1: the Museum, and I really appreciate your taking the time

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Speaker 1: to be with us and to talk about this. Our

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Speaker 1: listeners can learn more about the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation

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Speaker 1: and Institute by visiting your website at Reaganfoundation dot org.

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Speaker 1: And if you live in California or if you're going

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Speaker 1: to visit southern California, you really have to go see

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Speaker 1: the Reagan Library in SeeMe Valley. It is a remarkable institution.

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Speaker 1: And I'm want to thank you, David for taking this

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Speaker 1: kind of time to be with us.

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Speaker 3: Thrilled to be here, and my thanks right back at you,

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Speaker 3: mister speaker. Thanks for all that you're doing and for

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Speaker 3: this time today. Really appreciate it.

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Speaker 1: Thank you to my guest David Trulio. You can get

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Speaker 1: a link to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Institute

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Speaker 1: on our show, paid at Newtsworld dot com. Newtsworld is

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Speaker 1: produced by Ginglers three sixty and iHeartMedia. Our executive producer

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Speaker 1: is Guarnsey Sloan. Our researcher is Rachel Peterson. The artwork

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Speaker 1: for the show Who's created by Steve Penley. Special thanks

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Speaker 1: to the team at Ginger six. If you've been enjoying

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Speaker 1: Newts World. I hope you'll go to Apple podcast and

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Speaker 1: both rate us with five stars and give us a

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Speaker 1: review so others can learn what it's all about. Right now,

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Speaker 1: listeners of Newtsworld can sign up for my three freeweekly

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Speaker 1: columns at Gingrishtree sixty dot com slash newsletter. I'm Newt Gingrich.

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Speaker 1: This is neut World