1 00:00:01,440 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of I 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,200 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, I'm welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, 3 00:00:13,240 --> 00:00:15,680 Speaker 1: and there's Chuck and Jerry's here too, and this is 4 00:00:15,720 --> 00:00:20,040 Speaker 1: stuff you should know. Get another edition of our never 5 00:00:20,200 --> 00:00:25,480 Speaker 1: ending Please don't ever let it in um Earth Science Week. 6 00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:29,400 Speaker 1: That's right? Uh? Can I tell you a quick story? 7 00:00:30,600 --> 00:00:35,680 Speaker 1: Have added you edged? I know, actually considered what I 8 00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:38,800 Speaker 1: should say. The astute listener with it heard you go 9 00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:45,559 Speaker 1: before he said yes, hopefully Jerry can edit them. Uh. So, 10 00:00:45,680 --> 00:00:47,400 Speaker 1: I think I may have talked about this before, but 11 00:00:47,560 --> 00:00:51,239 Speaker 1: I had aims at one point, and not like the 12 00:00:51,280 --> 00:00:54,200 Speaker 1: most passionate aims. But I thought about being a meteorologist 13 00:00:54,760 --> 00:00:58,920 Speaker 1: for a little while in college because I was headed 14 00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:01,960 Speaker 1: toward a journalism may juror. And I think I mentioned 15 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:05,160 Speaker 1: before my best friend from high school, the the map 16 00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:08,760 Speaker 1: illustrator today Ra. We we sit around and watch the 17 00:01:08,760 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 1: Weather Channel, largely due to Rad's influence, and I just 18 00:01:11,840 --> 00:01:15,360 Speaker 1: always thought it was cool. I took a meteorology class 19 00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:22,080 Speaker 1: in college and it kicked the poopoo out of my body. Yeah. 20 00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:25,920 Speaker 1: I had a similar experience with astronomy. Yeah, so I 21 00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:27,720 Speaker 1: knew what, like you wanted to be an astronomer and 22 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:29,360 Speaker 1: then you're like, this is too hard. I thought it 23 00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:31,280 Speaker 1: was gonna be like, look at this star, this is 24 00:01:31,319 --> 00:01:33,720 Speaker 1: pretty awesome. And then like the first day, like the 25 00:01:34,200 --> 00:01:37,039 Speaker 1: sigma like signs shows up, I'm like, I don't know 26 00:01:37,080 --> 00:01:39,039 Speaker 1: what to do with this. So I think, I think 27 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:41,600 Speaker 1: I get where you're coming from. Yeah, so that kind 28 00:01:41,640 --> 00:01:46,560 Speaker 1: of dashed my dreams of being a meteorologist, because you know, 29 00:01:46,680 --> 00:01:49,680 Speaker 1: I mean we I think people can teach themselves things, 30 00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:52,080 Speaker 1: and like, part of the hard part of our job 31 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:55,360 Speaker 1: is to teach ourselves something really like that. People go 32 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:59,120 Speaker 1: to school for four years to study, and I think 33 00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:01,400 Speaker 1: you can sort of teach yourself stuff. But unless there's 34 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:06,280 Speaker 1: a you have just a fundamental, weird innate understanding of 35 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:08,520 Speaker 1: that stuff, it's just really challenging. Like if you're not 36 00:02:09,040 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: a math person, you can learn math, but not like 37 00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:14,919 Speaker 1: someone who just really gets numbers. Sure, Yeah, definitely makes 38 00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:18,200 Speaker 1: sense totally. And I'm not sure we've ever really by we, 39 00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:22,480 Speaker 1: I mean humanity, have put our finger on what that 40 00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:26,360 Speaker 1: distinction is that it'd be interesting to know what some 41 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:29,400 Speaker 1: of the hypotheses are. Maybe we should do a podcast 42 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:31,800 Speaker 1: on it. Yeah, that'd be good. So anyway, that's a 43 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:36,040 Speaker 1: long winded way, long winded way of sort of saying, 44 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:38,800 Speaker 1: you know, I did this over and over and studied 45 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:41,640 Speaker 1: wind of the past couple of days, and I I 46 00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:45,960 Speaker 1: kind of get it enough for this show. But but 47 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:48,400 Speaker 1: I'm not going to be a meteorologist for a very 48 00:02:48,440 --> 00:02:51,280 Speaker 1: good reason. Yeah, I'm with you. Um, I've got it 49 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:53,920 Speaker 1: just enough. That feels like there's a massive opening on 50 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 1: the side of my head and everything I know about 51 00:02:55,880 --> 00:02:58,440 Speaker 1: when could just fall right out at any moment. But 52 00:02:58,520 --> 00:03:00,800 Speaker 1: it's in there for now, keep it shut for the 53 00:03:00,800 --> 00:03:03,280 Speaker 1: next forty But I'm trying. I've got my hand cover. 54 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:08,079 Speaker 1: It's really gooey in there. It's more complex than you 55 00:03:08,080 --> 00:03:10,440 Speaker 1: would think, but some parts are easier as well. Yeah, 56 00:03:10,480 --> 00:03:13,440 Speaker 1: And I mean, like, even if you're talking about wind, um, 57 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:16,960 Speaker 1: you can kind of break down what what wind is 58 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,360 Speaker 1: and what causes wind and what creates wind um into 59 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:23,880 Speaker 1: basically three different things. The first one is heat, which 60 00:03:23,880 --> 00:03:27,880 Speaker 1: we'll get into. Another one is pressure differences we'll get 61 00:03:27,919 --> 00:03:31,079 Speaker 1: into that as well, and then the rotation of the planet, 62 00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:34,160 Speaker 1: which we will get into in this episode. But yeah, 63 00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:39,080 Speaker 1: that's it gets a little tricky. Yes, agreed, Totally agreed, Um, 64 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:41,000 Speaker 1: And I say, we just dive in and we start 65 00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:43,520 Speaker 1: with pressure differences creating wind, because I think it's the 66 00:03:43,600 --> 00:03:46,000 Speaker 1: simplest thing to understand, and I think once you have 67 00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:49,920 Speaker 1: pressure differences down, you can move on to the heat part. Yeah. 68 00:03:49,960 --> 00:03:51,760 Speaker 1: I mean this was this the grab stir Did he 69 00:03:51,760 --> 00:03:53,880 Speaker 1: help us with this one? Yes? And I have to 70 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:58,960 Speaker 1: say the grab shirt did an amazing job angling this info. Yeah. No, 71 00:03:59,120 --> 00:04:01,480 Speaker 1: hats off to him. Is you know ed out? I 72 00:04:01,480 --> 00:04:05,200 Speaker 1: think ed always has a knack of uh delivering a 73 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:09,280 Speaker 1: metaphorical type example that really hits home. And with pressure 74 00:04:09,320 --> 00:04:12,520 Speaker 1: he uses just a balloon filled with air where you 75 00:04:12,560 --> 00:04:16,880 Speaker 1: have high pressure and low pressure, and when you take 76 00:04:16,920 --> 00:04:20,560 Speaker 1: your fingers off the tip of that balloon, all that changes. 77 00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:23,400 Speaker 1: Because what wind is really always trying to do on 78 00:04:23,480 --> 00:04:28,000 Speaker 1: planet Earth is equalize and reach some sort of equilibrium. 79 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:30,200 Speaker 1: And that's basically what's happening with wind. As you have 80 00:04:30,279 --> 00:04:34,200 Speaker 1: high pressure, which is you know, technically more air, and 81 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:37,800 Speaker 1: that's gonna go flow away from itself because it wants 82 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:41,080 Speaker 1: to equalize, and then it's gonna where there's less air, 83 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:45,000 Speaker 1: the surrounding area is gonna flow towards the lower area. 84 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:48,280 Speaker 1: So as it relates to wind, there's basically more wind 85 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:52,200 Speaker 1: and the winds are faster when those two disparities are 86 00:04:52,240 --> 00:04:55,599 Speaker 1: the greatest. Yeah, if you get a parcel of air um, 87 00:04:55,640 --> 00:04:57,640 Speaker 1: which is just a kind of a stable mass of 88 00:04:57,720 --> 00:05:02,120 Speaker 1: air as far as meteorologist at concerned, that's really high pressure, 89 00:05:02,120 --> 00:05:04,680 Speaker 1: and you get on this really low pressure that along 90 00:05:04,720 --> 00:05:07,440 Speaker 1: the edges of those two places, there's gonna be much 91 00:05:07,520 --> 00:05:10,840 Speaker 1: higher wind than if they're a lot closer between high 92 00:05:10,920 --> 00:05:13,480 Speaker 1: and low. If they're closer to the same And so 93 00:05:14,040 --> 00:05:18,080 Speaker 1: that's I mean, that's wind right there. Um, it just 94 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:21,640 Speaker 1: changes in differences in pressure. Different parcels of air coming 95 00:05:21,720 --> 00:05:23,960 Speaker 1: up against one another and saying I'm gonna fill you up, 96 00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:26,240 Speaker 1: and then the other one says, fill me up. And 97 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:29,560 Speaker 1: that's the filling up. Is the wind the movement of 98 00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:35,120 Speaker 1: the air. Yeah, so pretty easy, I think. So Yeah, 99 00:05:35,279 --> 00:05:38,640 Speaker 1: it's just where does those where do those um differences 100 00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:45,280 Speaker 1: of pressure come from? Are you? Are you asking me? Yeah, Well, 101 00:05:45,320 --> 00:05:47,800 Speaker 1: they come from the well, the heat is a big 102 00:05:47,839 --> 00:05:51,000 Speaker 1: source where all this comes from. Which and you kind 103 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:53,200 Speaker 1: of well, I thought you hinted, but then we did 104 00:05:53,200 --> 00:05:58,240 Speaker 1: a different take and you've rescinded that hint. But the 105 00:05:58,279 --> 00:06:02,360 Speaker 1: sun when it heats the earth it heats the surfaces 106 00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:04,080 Speaker 1: of the Earth. It doesn't really heat the air so 107 00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:07,200 Speaker 1: much as it heats the surfaces whether it's water or 108 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:11,240 Speaker 1: land or like asphalt or sand or green grass, and 109 00:06:11,279 --> 00:06:15,520 Speaker 1: they all have different temperatures, and that disparity is kind 110 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:17,880 Speaker 1: of the key to it all because that's going to 111 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,720 Speaker 1: reflect back up and that's kind of what heats the air, 112 00:06:20,839 --> 00:06:24,240 Speaker 1: is the reflection of that sun onto these various temperatured 113 00:06:24,320 --> 00:06:28,320 Speaker 1: surfaces or not temperature, but I guess ability to soak 114 00:06:28,400 --> 00:06:30,760 Speaker 1: up that sun maybe, right, yeah, because it's not it's 115 00:06:30,760 --> 00:06:33,039 Speaker 1: not at all uniform. Like you said, all these different 116 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:35,440 Speaker 1: kinds of materials found on the surface of Earth, like 117 00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:38,880 Speaker 1: absorbed heat differently and radiate heat differently. So that means 118 00:06:38,880 --> 00:06:41,760 Speaker 1: that the air above it that's getting heated by that 119 00:06:41,880 --> 00:06:45,039 Speaker 1: land is going to be different than a different parcel 120 00:06:45,040 --> 00:06:49,640 Speaker 1: of air like over water, right yeah. And so because 121 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:54,120 Speaker 1: um heat has to do with pressure and typically is 122 00:06:54,240 --> 00:06:59,680 Speaker 1: associated with low pressure, UM heat warms air, makes it expand, 123 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:02,359 Speaker 1: which makes it less dense, which means it starts to 124 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: float up away from the Earth's surface. And as it's 125 00:07:06,320 --> 00:07:09,560 Speaker 1: floating up away from the Earth's surface, because of that 126 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:15,360 Speaker 1: um that equilibrium that air seeks areas of higher pressure 127 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:19,480 Speaker 1: like move in to fill that vacuum that space that's 128 00:07:19,520 --> 00:07:22,800 Speaker 1: being left by that lower pressure parcel of air that's 129 00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:26,160 Speaker 1: floating up into space because it's warm, right, And this 130 00:07:26,200 --> 00:07:29,280 Speaker 1: is that circular it's called convection. Like you've ever bought 131 00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:32,880 Speaker 1: a or seen a bad infographic on a convection of 132 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:38,120 Speaker 1: and it's it's bound to have like red pulsating circular 133 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,680 Speaker 1: arrows right, kind of going up and then back down 134 00:07:41,760 --> 00:07:43,720 Speaker 1: again in a circle. And that's what it is. That's 135 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:46,080 Speaker 1: all it is, is convection. It's the same thing remember 136 00:07:46,120 --> 00:07:48,760 Speaker 1: that visions cookware in the eighties that you could see through. 137 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:51,640 Speaker 1: So if you ever watched a pot of water boil 138 00:07:51,680 --> 00:07:54,000 Speaker 1: in one of those things, that's convection as well. Like 139 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:57,320 Speaker 1: those bubbles going up, the hottest ones start to float 140 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:00,560 Speaker 1: and they're replaced by cooler stuff that in in its 141 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:02,960 Speaker 1: place starts to get heated up and starts to float. 142 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:05,920 Speaker 1: And so what you've got is basically like a circular 143 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:09,440 Speaker 1: conveyor belt like a ferris wheel almost where the air 144 00:08:09,520 --> 00:08:12,440 Speaker 1: that's heated at the I think so too, especially if 145 00:08:12,440 --> 00:08:14,120 Speaker 1: we're talking about one of those ferrist wheels. Where the 146 00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:19,800 Speaker 1: little cabins spin all the way around on their own axis. Terrifying. Yeah, 147 00:08:19,920 --> 00:08:22,240 Speaker 1: so you've got a ferris wheel, and as the ferris 148 00:08:22,280 --> 00:08:25,440 Speaker 1: wheel goes up the warm air that becomes less dense, 149 00:08:25,760 --> 00:08:28,000 Speaker 1: and it rides to the top, and when it hits 150 00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:29,800 Speaker 1: the top, it's colder up there than it is at 151 00:08:29,800 --> 00:08:31,960 Speaker 1: the surface, so it starts to cool down. So it 152 00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:34,680 Speaker 1: comes back down the other side. And as it's coming 153 00:08:34,720 --> 00:08:37,880 Speaker 1: down because it's cooler, other air that replaced it before 154 00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:40,840 Speaker 1: is going up because it's gotten warmer in its place, 155 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:45,760 Speaker 1: and it's just this constant moving ferris wheel. Like you said, convection, 156 00:08:45,960 --> 00:08:50,240 Speaker 1: that's convection rising and falling parcels of air in this case, 157 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:52,280 Speaker 1: but it can also be you know, bubbles of air 158 00:08:52,280 --> 00:08:55,120 Speaker 1: and water for boiling, or pockets of air in your 159 00:08:55,160 --> 00:09:00,880 Speaker 1: convection of it or something. Right, So, now, everybody, we 160 00:09:00,960 --> 00:09:03,880 Speaker 1: talked a little bit about the Coriolis force or the 161 00:09:03,880 --> 00:09:07,720 Speaker 1: Coriolis effect before. I don't remember what it was in 162 00:09:10,520 --> 00:09:14,040 Speaker 1: I don't remember either, because we we definitely have talked 163 00:09:14,040 --> 00:09:18,720 Speaker 1: about multiple times about your sink or toilet drain. Right, 164 00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:21,280 Speaker 1: So here's what I understand. The part where I get 165 00:09:21,280 --> 00:09:24,040 Speaker 1: a little fuzzy is how as it relates to wind, 166 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:25,760 Speaker 1: And I know that you've got that down, So I 167 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:28,280 Speaker 1: think we should make a pretty good dance partners here 168 00:09:30,400 --> 00:09:34,079 Speaker 1: and two. But I do understand, like the Coriolis force 169 00:09:35,160 --> 00:09:39,120 Speaker 1: only affects objects that are moving around something that's rotating, 170 00:09:39,360 --> 00:09:41,160 Speaker 1: and in this case we're talking about the Earth. But 171 00:09:41,640 --> 00:09:43,719 Speaker 1: like it's it's very easy for me to understand that 172 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:48,080 Speaker 1: if a plane takes off in Miami and tries to 173 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:51,240 Speaker 1: fly to Seattle, it's not like by the time it 174 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:53,480 Speaker 1: gets to Seattle, the Earth is going to be in 175 00:09:53,520 --> 00:09:56,679 Speaker 1: a different position. So Seattle is because it rotates, So 176 00:09:56,720 --> 00:09:58,960 Speaker 1: Seattle is going to be in a different place. So 177 00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:01,000 Speaker 1: when you look at the little map, it's not going 178 00:10:01,160 --> 00:10:03,439 Speaker 1: you can't fly in a straight line from Miami to Seattle. 179 00:10:03,760 --> 00:10:06,080 Speaker 1: You have to fly in a curve to meet up 180 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:08,880 Speaker 1: with where Seattle is eventually going to be. Yeah, So 181 00:10:08,920 --> 00:10:11,120 Speaker 1: that all makes sense to me as it relates to wind. 182 00:10:11,160 --> 00:10:13,680 Speaker 1: It kind of even after reading this like eight times, 183 00:10:13,679 --> 00:10:16,280 Speaker 1: got a little still a little hazy. So the way 184 00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:18,720 Speaker 1: that I saw it described that makes the most sense 185 00:10:18,760 --> 00:10:22,320 Speaker 1: to me is that, um, the Earth being like a 186 00:10:22,400 --> 00:10:26,480 Speaker 1: sphere or kind of like a sphere, of shape. Um, 187 00:10:26,520 --> 00:10:30,000 Speaker 1: But every part of the planet rotating, making making a 188 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:33,240 Speaker 1: full rotation in twenty four hours means that some parts 189 00:10:33,240 --> 00:10:36,160 Speaker 1: of the planet have a lot further distance to travel 190 00:10:36,320 --> 00:10:39,280 Speaker 1: than other parts of the planet. So the equator, equator, yeah, 191 00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:43,280 Speaker 1: the equator has to travel about forty kilometers in twenty 192 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:46,600 Speaker 1: four hours, but as you go closer to the polls, 193 00:10:46,640 --> 00:10:49,199 Speaker 1: there's a lot further distance. I think it like, um, 194 00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:54,000 Speaker 1: like eighty nine degrees north latitude, right right below the 195 00:10:54,040 --> 00:10:57,720 Speaker 1: North Pole, it has to travel sixty nine miles in 196 00:10:57,760 --> 00:11:00,520 Speaker 1: twenty four hours. So no part of the Earth can 197 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:03,959 Speaker 1: arrive before another part of the Earth within twenty four hours. 198 00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:06,600 Speaker 1: It just doesn't work like that. So some parts of 199 00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:09,640 Speaker 1: the Earth travel more slowly than others. Still, you you 200 00:11:09,720 --> 00:11:14,520 Speaker 1: got it so far, Okay. Now what I saw is 201 00:11:14,520 --> 00:11:17,439 Speaker 1: that if you fire, say like a cannon from the 202 00:11:17,559 --> 00:11:22,480 Speaker 1: equator towards the North Pole. When you're firing, I just 203 00:11:22,640 --> 00:11:25,480 Speaker 1: it's like one of those cannons that the cannonball is 204 00:11:25,520 --> 00:11:28,600 Speaker 1: filled with candy, so you're not it's not hostile at all. 205 00:11:28,800 --> 00:11:32,200 Speaker 1: It's a very fun cannon exactly. I think we just 206 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:36,160 Speaker 1: invented a new great thing. Um. So when you shoot 207 00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:40,640 Speaker 1: that cannonball north towards the North Pole. You're shooting it 208 00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:44,320 Speaker 1: at the speeds that the cannon was already traveling, which 209 00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:46,760 Speaker 1: is something like a thousand miles an hour on the equator, 210 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:50,959 Speaker 1: and as it gets further and further north, it's reaching 211 00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:53,160 Speaker 1: a part of the Earth that isn't moving as fast 212 00:11:53,200 --> 00:11:56,240 Speaker 1: as the equator. So that means that the cannonball actually 213 00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:59,040 Speaker 1: appears to curve to the right because it gets ahead 214 00:11:59,600 --> 00:12:02,400 Speaker 1: of the Earth as it's traveling. So that cannonball is 215 00:12:02,400 --> 00:12:06,920 Speaker 1: gonna land um east of your target of the North Pole. 216 00:12:07,040 --> 00:12:10,160 Speaker 1: Got it? Yeah, But see what's confusing me now is 217 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:11,960 Speaker 1: the thing that you set me that said to explain 218 00:12:12,040 --> 00:12:15,040 Speaker 1: it best was from a surfing website and it had 219 00:12:15,080 --> 00:12:19,439 Speaker 1: to do with Spanish roundabouts. Okay, that's another way to 220 00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:23,400 Speaker 1: put it to you. So we have well, we haven't 221 00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:25,160 Speaker 1: quite reached that. We haven't quite reached that. I have 222 00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:28,480 Speaker 1: one more part of the cannonball to say. If you're 223 00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:31,600 Speaker 1: at the polls and you're you shoot a cannon toward 224 00:12:32,040 --> 00:12:36,200 Speaker 1: um the equator, you're shooting it from a slower place 225 00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:38,640 Speaker 1: to a faster place, so the cannon is going to 226 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:42,199 Speaker 1: curve behind your target to the west. Of the target, 227 00:12:42,440 --> 00:12:46,120 Speaker 1: But to you, the person firing the cannon, it's still 228 00:12:46,400 --> 00:12:49,240 Speaker 1: curved to the right. So no matter where you're firing 229 00:12:49,280 --> 00:12:52,760 Speaker 1: a cannon from, whether the equator or the poles, it's 230 00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:55,719 Speaker 1: going to curve the same way in the northern or 231 00:12:55,760 --> 00:12:57,880 Speaker 1: the southern hemisphere, to the right in the north, to 232 00:12:57,960 --> 00:13:01,400 Speaker 1: the left in the southern hemisphere. Now out we we 233 00:13:01,480 --> 00:13:05,439 Speaker 1: hit the roundabout part. Okay, are you do you want 234 00:13:05,440 --> 00:13:08,920 Speaker 1: to take that one? Well, I mean sure, it's it's 235 00:13:08,920 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: sort of common sense. If you drive on the right 236 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:13,320 Speaker 1: hand side of the road and you enter a round about, 237 00:13:13,320 --> 00:13:18,080 Speaker 1: you're gonna be going counterclockwise around it, and if you 238 00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:19,760 Speaker 1: drive on the left hand side of the road, it 239 00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:24,600 Speaker 1: will be the opposite. Is it. Is it really that simple? Yes? 240 00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:26,640 Speaker 1: It depends on which way the air is moving. So 241 00:13:26,679 --> 00:13:29,760 Speaker 1: if you're talking about around about do you remember our 242 00:13:30,280 --> 00:13:33,280 Speaker 1: episode we just did the short stuff on the direction 243 00:13:33,360 --> 00:13:37,920 Speaker 1: humans tend to travel. Yeah, yeah, right, if you're certain countries, 244 00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:41,319 Speaker 1: and we talked about how if you're entering a circle 245 00:13:41,520 --> 00:13:44,319 Speaker 1: and you go to the right, you you end up 246 00:13:44,320 --> 00:13:47,400 Speaker 1: going counter clockwise. But if you're in the circle and 247 00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:54,079 Speaker 1: you go to the right, you end up going clockwise. Oh, yeah, yeah, okay, 248 00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:57,200 Speaker 1: the same thing happens. So if you have a high 249 00:13:57,280 --> 00:14:00,520 Speaker 1: pressure system, air is flowing away from it, so that 250 00:14:00,640 --> 00:14:03,640 Speaker 1: air is coming out of the circle. But any direction 251 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:06,640 Speaker 1: that that air is going, say in the northern hemisphere, 252 00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:09,280 Speaker 1: it's going to veer to the right. But since it's 253 00:14:09,280 --> 00:14:11,960 Speaker 1: coming outside of the circle, that means that all of 254 00:14:11,960 --> 00:14:19,480 Speaker 1: that air eventually is getting spun into a clockwise direction. Yeah. 255 00:14:19,680 --> 00:14:22,840 Speaker 1: If it's going into that parcel of air, that circle 256 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:26,600 Speaker 1: of air, because it's low pressure, everything's coming into it 257 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:29,600 Speaker 1: at a right hand angle, which means that the spin 258 00:14:29,640 --> 00:14:33,480 Speaker 1: of the air is counter clockwise. I love it. I 259 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:35,920 Speaker 1: think it's really interesting. I was watching, as always, a 260 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:39,200 Speaker 1: lot of kids science videos to learn this stuff, and 261 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:42,960 Speaker 1: one of them had a sort of a map of 262 00:14:43,040 --> 00:14:46,040 Speaker 1: the hurricanes of the world and as far as like 263 00:14:46,080 --> 00:14:49,720 Speaker 1: the directionality, using just little lines and arrows, and it's 264 00:14:49,760 --> 00:14:52,320 Speaker 1: just fascinating to look at the band of the equator. 265 00:14:52,360 --> 00:14:54,880 Speaker 1: I don't know how wide of an area that is 266 00:14:54,920 --> 00:14:57,760 Speaker 1: that deflects it, but there are no hurricanes at the 267 00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:02,600 Speaker 1: equator or within that certain band of width around the equator, 268 00:15:02,640 --> 00:15:04,920 Speaker 1: and it's it's just cool to look at, you know, 269 00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:08,320 Speaker 1: above and below the equator. How these hurricanes approach it 270 00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:10,680 Speaker 1: and then almost are like no, no, no, no, thank 271 00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:13,640 Speaker 1: you and go and just take a turn. Yeah, they 272 00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:17,040 Speaker 1: get deflected by the air, the convection currents. They're right. Yeah, 273 00:15:17,080 --> 00:15:20,200 Speaker 1: it's really fascinating. I think it's fascinating too, And I 274 00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:22,160 Speaker 1: say we take a break and come back and talk 275 00:15:22,240 --> 00:15:57,160 Speaker 1: more about wind of all things. Let's do it all, right, Chuck. 276 00:15:57,240 --> 00:16:00,680 Speaker 1: So you're talking about how that that um, the movement, 277 00:16:00,720 --> 00:16:05,680 Speaker 1: that convection of air combined with the Coriolis effect creates 278 00:16:05,880 --> 00:16:09,200 Speaker 1: cyclones and hurricanes, depending on what hemisphere you're in in 279 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:13,000 Speaker 1: the world, right, m hm um. It also like that 280 00:16:13,080 --> 00:16:16,520 Speaker 1: a cyclone or hurricane is a really tight weather system. 281 00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:20,560 Speaker 1: They're rarely that tight. They're usually much more spread out 282 00:16:20,640 --> 00:16:23,320 Speaker 1: and much looser, but generally the same thing. And because 283 00:16:23,360 --> 00:16:27,400 Speaker 1: of those two things, the convection currents and the Coriolis effect, 284 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:31,800 Speaker 1: that means that air spreads around the world. It travels 285 00:16:31,800 --> 00:16:34,480 Speaker 1: around the world. If we didn't have a rotating planet, 286 00:16:34,640 --> 00:16:36,600 Speaker 1: we would just have a convection current that went from 287 00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:39,000 Speaker 1: the equator to the pulse, the equator to the pulse, 288 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:41,560 Speaker 1: and that's it. But because of that Coreolis effect, it 289 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:46,160 Speaker 1: spreads around the world, right, and in as it kind 290 00:16:46,200 --> 00:16:49,400 Speaker 1: of spreads around the world, it's also kind of staying 291 00:16:49,520 --> 00:16:54,520 Speaker 1: within a certain number of latitude and forms these large 292 00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:57,960 Speaker 1: giant cells, so that each band of latitude around the 293 00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:02,240 Speaker 1: world generally has its own weather. Yeah. I mean this 294 00:17:02,280 --> 00:17:04,520 Speaker 1: part is really cool and it it makes perfect sense. 295 00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:07,000 Speaker 1: You know, the equator is where it's going to to 296 00:17:07,080 --> 00:17:11,199 Speaker 1: be warmest on planet Earth, and as the air is 297 00:17:11,280 --> 00:17:15,159 Speaker 1: you know, reflected back up with the Coriolis effect and 298 00:17:15,240 --> 00:17:17,720 Speaker 1: it goes further north, it's going to start cooling down. 299 00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:22,359 Speaker 1: And they've basically figured out at about thirty degrees latitude 300 00:17:22,880 --> 00:17:24,760 Speaker 1: it will have cooled down enough at that point to 301 00:17:24,920 --> 00:17:29,000 Speaker 1: finally descend again. But when it's descending again, it's always 302 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:32,560 Speaker 1: seeking that equal equilibrium. So it's gonna be pulled back 303 00:17:32,600 --> 00:17:36,199 Speaker 1: towards the equator again by the low pressure caused by 304 00:17:36,320 --> 00:17:38,560 Speaker 1: heating and rising to begin with. So again it's that 305 00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:41,800 Speaker 1: convection cycle. But they figured out that it's about thirty 306 00:17:41,840 --> 00:17:46,000 Speaker 1: degrees where that temperature change finally is enough for that 307 00:17:46,040 --> 00:17:49,399 Speaker 1: to happen again. Yeah, And so because of the Coriolis effect, 308 00:17:49,440 --> 00:17:53,679 Speaker 1: you have high atmosphere winds traveling from west to east 309 00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:56,960 Speaker 1: and then when they descend, they come back down from 310 00:17:57,040 --> 00:18:00,280 Speaker 1: uh east to west. In those form the trade winds. 311 00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:04,520 Speaker 1: In this giant cell that's called a Hadley cell, which 312 00:18:04,640 --> 00:18:06,879 Speaker 1: is between the equator and like you said, about thirty 313 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:10,600 Speaker 1: degrees north latitude. That's one or two of those. Yes, 314 00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:12,880 Speaker 1: there's one in the north and there's one in the south. 315 00:18:13,400 --> 00:18:16,800 Speaker 1: And then around around the poles there are two other cells, 316 00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:20,399 Speaker 1: appropriately called polar cells. And because it's so cold, the 317 00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:23,000 Speaker 1: equator has its cells because it's so hot. The poles 318 00:18:23,040 --> 00:18:26,680 Speaker 1: have their cells because they're so cold that any difference 319 00:18:26,720 --> 00:18:29,800 Speaker 1: in temperature is like a radical difference in temperature. So 320 00:18:29,840 --> 00:18:32,760 Speaker 1: they have their own convection currents that operate at the 321 00:18:32,800 --> 00:18:36,160 Speaker 1: poles as well. That's right, Uh. And like you said, 322 00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:39,400 Speaker 1: that's the polar cell that hits it about sixty degrees 323 00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:46,800 Speaker 1: and it's just too too basically uh, temperatures of convection 324 00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:50,520 Speaker 1: happening on both sides of the Earth. And then in 325 00:18:50,560 --> 00:18:53,639 Speaker 1: between you've got what's called the feral cell and the 326 00:18:53,760 --> 00:18:56,639 Speaker 1: R R E L And this is between thirty and 327 00:18:56,640 --> 00:19:00,879 Speaker 1: sixty degrees obviously roughly, and right here, you know, the 328 00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:03,800 Speaker 1: heat differential isn't that much. It's not the you know, 329 00:19:03,960 --> 00:19:06,600 Speaker 1: super super cold or super super hot, so you're not 330 00:19:06,640 --> 00:19:09,600 Speaker 1: going to get as much like radical convection going on. 331 00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:13,200 Speaker 1: And most of the movement there is caused by the 332 00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:15,720 Speaker 1: Hadley cell below it and the polar cell above it, 333 00:19:15,880 --> 00:19:18,720 Speaker 1: sort of knocking it about in between. Yeah, which is 334 00:19:18,760 --> 00:19:22,720 Speaker 1: really cool because that means that the friction from the 335 00:19:22,760 --> 00:19:26,640 Speaker 1: Hadley cell below and the polar cell above it are 336 00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:32,160 Speaker 1: actually spinning the air in the Ferreal cell. And because 337 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:34,800 Speaker 1: the polar cell and the and yeah, and the Hadley 338 00:19:34,840 --> 00:19:38,879 Speaker 1: cell are both spinning counter clockwise, they're like gears turning 339 00:19:38,880 --> 00:19:42,080 Speaker 1: a cog, and that cog is the Ferrell cell. And 340 00:19:42,119 --> 00:19:45,000 Speaker 1: because they're both spin encounter clockwise, they spin the Ferreal 341 00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:50,440 Speaker 1: cell clockwise. That's right. That's just so not so amazing 342 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:53,320 Speaker 1: to me that this is happening at all times on 343 00:19:53,400 --> 00:19:58,560 Speaker 1: planet Earth. Yes, And because of the tilt of the 344 00:19:58,600 --> 00:20:01,639 Speaker 1: Earth on its axis as it rotates, which gives us 345 00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:06,480 Speaker 1: the seasons, the different different strengths and um amounts of 346 00:20:06,520 --> 00:20:09,879 Speaker 1: this kind of movement of air, and where they are 347 00:20:10,119 --> 00:20:13,400 Speaker 1: within that band of latitude that they exist in changes 348 00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:16,800 Speaker 1: over the course of a year, which gives us different 349 00:20:16,840 --> 00:20:18,960 Speaker 1: kinds of weather on different parts of the Earth over 350 00:20:19,040 --> 00:20:22,479 Speaker 1: different times of the year, that's right, and all of 351 00:20:22,520 --> 00:20:26,040 Speaker 1: this stuff going on, all of these the Haley cells, 352 00:20:26,080 --> 00:20:29,600 Speaker 1: the polar cells, and the feral cells all interacting with 353 00:20:29,760 --> 00:20:32,320 Speaker 1: the Coriolis force that we talked about and that you 354 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:36,600 Speaker 1: wonderfully explained with candy cannons and all these different pressure 355 00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:38,639 Speaker 1: gradients that we explained at the beginning. All of this 356 00:20:38,680 --> 00:20:42,760 Speaker 1: stuff together causes the jet streams. Uh, if you've ever 357 00:20:42,880 --> 00:20:46,399 Speaker 1: flown there's an airplane, you know, and they say we 358 00:20:46,480 --> 00:20:49,000 Speaker 1: can we can make up some time if we fly 359 00:20:49,080 --> 00:20:52,080 Speaker 1: a little higher, or you know, if we're going you know, 360 00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:54,120 Speaker 1: east to west or west to east, things are gonna 361 00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:56,240 Speaker 1: like your speed is going to be different because of 362 00:20:56,240 --> 00:21:00,119 Speaker 1: these jet streams. They're super powerful and very focused in 363 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:03,280 Speaker 1: bands a few hundred miles wide that just wrap around 364 00:21:03,280 --> 00:21:06,640 Speaker 1: the planet. And the polar jet stream that's that's the money. 365 00:21:06,680 --> 00:21:08,119 Speaker 1: When that's where you're really going to be able to 366 00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:14,399 Speaker 1: like utilize an airplane's efficiency at its maximum. The subtropical 367 00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:16,760 Speaker 1: jet stream isn't as powerful, so it doesn't get as 368 00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:19,359 Speaker 1: much pressed, but the polar jet stream can go like 369 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:22,560 Speaker 1: two miles an hour, and that's when you know, when 370 00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:24,480 Speaker 1: you fly up in that thing. That's when you're it's 371 00:21:24,520 --> 00:21:27,600 Speaker 1: like walking on a moving sidewalk in an airport, Yeah, 372 00:21:27,640 --> 00:21:29,840 Speaker 1: but one that goes two hundred miles an hour. So 373 00:21:29,920 --> 00:21:32,520 Speaker 1: hang onto your hats, right, So you're still walking, but 374 00:21:32,600 --> 00:21:36,000 Speaker 1: you're getting that extra boost exactly. Um. And the reason 375 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:39,240 Speaker 1: the jet stream is so powerful up north, the polar 376 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:42,159 Speaker 1: jet stream is because the difference in temperature between the 377 00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:44,920 Speaker 1: Polar cell and the Ferrel cell is much different. It's 378 00:21:45,040 --> 00:21:48,600 Speaker 1: much greater than the difference in temperature between the Hadley 379 00:21:48,640 --> 00:21:51,639 Speaker 1: cell just above the equator and the Ferrell cell. Between 380 00:21:51,640 --> 00:21:56,040 Speaker 1: the Polar and the Hadley cells right right, And because 381 00:21:56,040 --> 00:21:59,760 Speaker 1: of that temperature gradient, there's density differences. So air moves 382 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:04,720 Speaker 1: really really fast, and it wants to go from the north, 383 00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:09,640 Speaker 1: from the poles toward the Ferreal cell into the mid latitudes, 384 00:22:09,920 --> 00:22:11,880 Speaker 1: but it can't. It can't go all the way down 385 00:22:12,160 --> 00:22:15,000 Speaker 1: because the pull of the Coriolis effect is such that 386 00:22:15,119 --> 00:22:19,080 Speaker 1: it stretches it out into a stream, and it's a 387 00:22:19,119 --> 00:22:22,000 Speaker 1: messy stream. It's not like a clear, easy going stream, 388 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:24,760 Speaker 1: and it changes from point to point around the Earth, 389 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:26,720 Speaker 1: and depending on the time of the year and even 390 00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:30,120 Speaker 1: time of the day. I would imagine, but it stretches 391 00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:34,720 Speaker 1: it out, and sometimes when the the difference in temperature 392 00:22:34,760 --> 00:22:38,879 Speaker 1: is so extreme, the jet stream can actually come down 393 00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:41,760 Speaker 1: further south. And that's what happens. Remember when we get 394 00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:45,040 Speaker 1: a polar vortex every once in a while, that's the 395 00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:51,080 Speaker 1: northern polar cell extending like so powerfully into the United States, 396 00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:54,199 Speaker 1: into the heart of the feral cell where most of 397 00:22:54,400 --> 00:22:58,400 Speaker 1: us in the US live. Right. I just think that's 398 00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:01,320 Speaker 1: fascinating And if you want us see that like in action, 399 00:23:01,440 --> 00:23:04,760 Speaker 1: there's a really cool video called NASA Satellite Sees Polar 400 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:08,840 Speaker 1: Vortex on the move and it it's I guess satellite 401 00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:14,119 Speaker 1: imagery um of the moving polar cell as it creates 402 00:23:14,119 --> 00:23:16,439 Speaker 1: a polar vortex. It's pretty cool and it kind of 403 00:23:16,440 --> 00:23:18,640 Speaker 1: gets across, like I said, just how messy the jet 404 00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:22,639 Speaker 1: stream can be. No, it's awesome. Uh this, you know, 405 00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:25,320 Speaker 1: I think it's pretty cool. Ed points out that it 406 00:23:25,359 --> 00:23:28,040 Speaker 1: was really World War Two where we saw where we 407 00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:30,399 Speaker 1: really started to understand the benefits of the jet stream 408 00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:33,560 Speaker 1: because there were just so many more planes than ever before. 409 00:23:34,119 --> 00:23:36,720 Speaker 1: People are like, wait a minute, there's this, Uh, there's 410 00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:38,959 Speaker 1: a jet stream up there, and we can really use 411 00:23:39,040 --> 00:23:42,000 Speaker 1: this to save time and fuel and money and get 412 00:23:42,040 --> 00:23:45,199 Speaker 1: advantage on our enemies, perhaps because we're moving faster. And 413 00:23:45,240 --> 00:23:47,720 Speaker 1: even though in the eighteen hundreds they you might see 414 00:23:47,800 --> 00:23:51,560 Speaker 1: volcanic smoke like hundreds and hundreds of miles away, thousands 415 00:23:51,600 --> 00:23:53,800 Speaker 1: of miles because it got caught in the jet stream 416 00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:56,760 Speaker 1: and like they recognized this, but there weren't planes, so 417 00:23:56,760 --> 00:24:00,000 Speaker 1: they didn't really understand, Like it didn't really matter based 418 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:03,600 Speaker 1: to cly because we're here on Earth. Who cares? Yes, 419 00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:06,199 Speaker 1: So what we've been talking about so far, Chuck, Like 420 00:24:06,240 --> 00:24:09,080 Speaker 1: the jet stream, uh is a it's a very high 421 00:24:09,119 --> 00:24:13,200 Speaker 1: altitude parcel of air or movement of air stream of air. 422 00:24:13,359 --> 00:24:14,840 Speaker 1: I guess I'll just go ahead and call it that. 423 00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:19,040 Speaker 1: But there's other things that also like affect um wind 424 00:24:19,119 --> 00:24:21,760 Speaker 1: as well, and it has to do with the differential 425 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:24,680 Speaker 1: between um the land and the sea, and then also 426 00:24:24,720 --> 00:24:28,600 Speaker 1: the topography of the land as well. Yeah, so if 427 00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:30,600 Speaker 1: you've ever gone to the beach at all, you know 428 00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:33,560 Speaker 1: that it's cooler near the beach and near the ocean 429 00:24:33,560 --> 00:24:36,320 Speaker 1: than it is inland. If you ever lived in Los Angeles. 430 00:24:36,320 --> 00:24:39,360 Speaker 1: I think Matt Graining had a very funny quote years ago. 431 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:43,240 Speaker 1: Someone interviewed him, what do they say they said something like, 432 00:24:43,240 --> 00:24:47,679 Speaker 1: if you could give advice to anyone about living in 433 00:24:47,720 --> 00:24:50,960 Speaker 1: Los Angeles, what would it be. And he said, I 434 00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,520 Speaker 1: think he always said was it's cooler near the ocean 435 00:24:53,520 --> 00:24:57,359 Speaker 1: than it is inland. Something some very kind of funny 436 00:24:57,400 --> 00:25:00,520 Speaker 1: quip about that. But it's it's true. Know when you 437 00:25:00,560 --> 00:25:02,600 Speaker 1: when you drive towards the beach in l A just 438 00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:05,240 Speaker 1: gets the air gets cleaner and cooler, and it's like 439 00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:08,520 Speaker 1: someone flicked on the air conditioner generally. And that's because 440 00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:12,359 Speaker 1: those uh temperature differences that we talked about of water 441 00:25:12,480 --> 00:25:14,560 Speaker 1: and land, Like the sun is heating this stuff up. 442 00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:17,600 Speaker 1: It's heating up all that inland, asphalt and everything else, 443 00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:20,280 Speaker 1: even the ground and the grass, and it's heating the 444 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:24,400 Speaker 1: water uh differently, and the air goo that air goes 445 00:25:24,440 --> 00:25:29,320 Speaker 1: not right, is it? Therefore first while oh I never 446 00:25:29,359 --> 00:25:34,240 Speaker 1: gets out like that, So airswile. The reflection, the reflected 447 00:25:34,280 --> 00:25:36,600 Speaker 1: heat is going to be different over the water than 448 00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:39,720 Speaker 1: over the land, and the land is obviously going to 449 00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:41,800 Speaker 1: be warmer, so the air above it is warmer. That 450 00:25:41,880 --> 00:25:44,040 Speaker 1: air is gonna rise and create a low pressure system 451 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:46,320 Speaker 1: and it's gonna pull that cooler air from the water 452 00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:48,880 Speaker 1: back toward the land and if you're on the beach 453 00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:50,919 Speaker 1: or near the beach, you're just getting the benefit of 454 00:25:50,960 --> 00:25:53,399 Speaker 1: that cooler air being builled in. Yeah, and if that 455 00:25:53,440 --> 00:25:58,080 Speaker 1: didn't happen, that Frank Sinatra song Summer Wind would not exist. 456 00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:02,480 Speaker 1: Even more importantly, there would not be one of the 457 00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:05,640 Speaker 1: greatest endings to any Simpson ever. Speaking of Matt Greening 458 00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:08,240 Speaker 1: the end of the Bart of Darkness one where Bart 459 00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:10,280 Speaker 1: breaks his leg and ends up doing a spoof of 460 00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:14,520 Speaker 1: rear window and the Simpsons get a pool. Uh, and 461 00:26:14,680 --> 00:26:16,880 Speaker 1: Martin Prince gets a pool to compete and he wants 462 00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:19,520 Speaker 1: to be popular too, but his pool bursts and somebody 463 00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:22,359 Speaker 1: I think Nelson monts pants is him and he just 464 00:26:22,400 --> 00:26:26,080 Speaker 1: stands there singing Summer Wind at the very end with 465 00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:29,480 Speaker 1: his pants pulled down around his ankle. I don't remember that. 466 00:26:29,560 --> 00:26:32,720 Speaker 1: It's it's as good as that episodes, just fantastic. That's 467 00:26:32,720 --> 00:26:37,280 Speaker 1: where mill Pool came from its top notch. I love 468 00:26:37,320 --> 00:26:39,840 Speaker 1: that song too, It's so great. Yeah, So we need 469 00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:42,280 Speaker 1: to talk about mountains too, because you know, we talked 470 00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:45,080 Speaker 1: about ocean and how that kind of the ocean and 471 00:26:45,119 --> 00:26:49,440 Speaker 1: how that topography can change how wind acts. But mountains, 472 00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:51,920 Speaker 1: you know, simply get in the way of wind. If 473 00:26:52,240 --> 00:26:54,119 Speaker 1: if you've ever been hiking, it's much windy or on 474 00:26:54,160 --> 00:26:56,359 Speaker 1: the top of a mountain because there's simply nothing in 475 00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:58,840 Speaker 1: the way, and that has a lot of weird effects 476 00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:01,640 Speaker 1: on how the wind travels. Right. Yeah, Like, um, if 477 00:27:01,680 --> 00:27:04,800 Speaker 1: there's like a gap in between mountains, it actually funnels 478 00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:07,960 Speaker 1: the wind together, which makes it much higher pressure because 479 00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:12,760 Speaker 1: it's just there's a lot more air in one smaller space. Um. 480 00:27:12,800 --> 00:27:15,760 Speaker 1: That can definitely affect wind speeds. And then also when 481 00:27:15,800 --> 00:27:17,560 Speaker 1: it hits the mountain, like you said, because the mountain 482 00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:20,280 Speaker 1: got in its way, it goes up and then comes 483 00:27:20,320 --> 00:27:22,320 Speaker 1: down the other side, and on the other side there's 484 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:24,639 Speaker 1: all sorts of weird turbulence that is really hard to 485 00:27:24,680 --> 00:27:27,720 Speaker 1: plan for, which is apparently why um, flying in and 486 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:30,960 Speaker 1: out of Las Vegas can be a difficult takeoff or 487 00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:34,320 Speaker 1: landing because of that turbulence from I think wind coming 488 00:27:34,359 --> 00:27:37,080 Speaker 1: from the west to the east. Yeah. I feel like 489 00:27:37,119 --> 00:27:40,400 Speaker 1: there's been a lot of movies where like a helicopter 490 00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:46,800 Speaker 1: crash has happened in real life range Yeah, movies based 491 00:27:46,800 --> 00:27:50,359 Speaker 1: on real things probably exactly. Um, So you want to 492 00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:52,199 Speaker 1: take a break, chuck, and then talk about all the 493 00:27:52,200 --> 00:27:54,639 Speaker 1: things that wind does for us. Yeah, win does a 494 00:27:54,640 --> 00:28:28,479 Speaker 1: lot of things, all right, So we're going to talk 495 00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:31,600 Speaker 1: about what wind does. What good are you wind? Um? Well, 496 00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:34,680 Speaker 1: if you like weather, you can thank wind because wind 497 00:28:34,760 --> 00:28:37,840 Speaker 1: basically creates the weather that we feel as humans walking 498 00:28:37,840 --> 00:28:41,440 Speaker 1: around on planet Earth. It's gonna pick up moisture and 499 00:28:41,480 --> 00:28:45,040 Speaker 1: then drop that moisture again and give us beautiful, cleansing rain. 500 00:28:46,160 --> 00:28:50,080 Speaker 1: It's gonna affect the temperature because like we said, it's moving, uh, 501 00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:53,560 Speaker 1: air of different different temperatures all over the Earth, and 502 00:28:53,640 --> 00:28:57,600 Speaker 1: that air is going to change the temperature where you're standing. Yeah. 503 00:28:57,680 --> 00:28:59,560 Speaker 1: I mean it's weird you think about weather. It's just 504 00:28:59,680 --> 00:29:03,480 Speaker 1: wind plus water mixed together in different interesting ways. But 505 00:29:03,600 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 1: that's it. Oh I thought that was the definition of comedy. 506 00:29:07,400 --> 00:29:10,320 Speaker 1: Oh no, wait, that's tragedy plus time. Yeah. Yeah, man, 507 00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:14,320 Speaker 1: you just busted my brain. Wind plus water not the same. 508 00:29:15,200 --> 00:29:20,160 Speaker 1: So um, depending on where you are um on the Earth. Uh, 509 00:29:20,520 --> 00:29:23,440 Speaker 1: there it can be windier than other places. And in fact, 510 00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:26,640 Speaker 1: I think for for a long time, for a good 511 00:29:27,080 --> 00:29:31,680 Speaker 1: seventy years, maybe eighty. Um. The highest wind speed record 512 00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:36,080 Speaker 1: ever recorded was on top of a mountain in New Hampshire. Um. 513 00:29:36,120 --> 00:29:39,640 Speaker 1: It was exactly Mount Washington part of the Presidential Mountains. 514 00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:43,880 Speaker 1: It turns out, get this, there's like President Jefferson, President Washington, 515 00:29:44,240 --> 00:29:48,840 Speaker 1: and then President Eisenhower. The mountains. Yeah, that's the name 516 00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:51,960 Speaker 1: of the mountains in this Presidential Mountain range. I just 517 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:55,920 Speaker 1: think that one sticks out a little bit so UM 518 00:29:56,000 --> 00:30:00,160 Speaker 1: on this mountain they recorded uh wind speed of two 519 00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:04,520 Speaker 1: d and thirty one and that stood all the way 520 00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:09,160 Speaker 1: until I think two thousand eleven when it was finally confirmed. 521 00:30:09,560 --> 00:30:13,720 Speaker 1: That's something that had happened years before in Australia. Um 522 00:30:13,840 --> 00:30:18,680 Speaker 1: uh knocked the Mount Washington record off of the top 523 00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:21,280 Speaker 1: of the peak. I guess as it were. Yeah, I 524 00:30:21,280 --> 00:30:23,960 Speaker 1: think this was in ninety six is when it actually happened. 525 00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:26,720 Speaker 1: There was a two hundred and fifty three mile in 526 00:30:26,800 --> 00:30:30,200 Speaker 1: our gust. But this was the interesting thing here is 527 00:30:30,280 --> 00:30:34,000 Speaker 1: this was during a tropical cyclone. It was named Olivia 528 00:30:34,080 --> 00:30:37,160 Speaker 1: at Barrow Island, Australia, and I think, like you mentioned, 529 00:30:37,160 --> 00:30:41,240 Speaker 1: it was only confirmed in But the interesting thing is 530 00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:45,400 Speaker 1: it's the Mountain Washington. This was not a hurricane happening 531 00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:49,600 Speaker 1: obviously in uh Mountain Washington, New Hampshire. This was just 532 00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:55,120 Speaker 1: a massive pressure gradient and multiple storm sort of sort 533 00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:58,680 Speaker 1: of like the perfect storm crashing into one another. And 534 00:30:58,720 --> 00:31:01,400 Speaker 1: then obviously you know out Washington that we are were 535 00:31:01,400 --> 00:31:03,200 Speaker 1: already talked about the wind being greater at the top 536 00:31:03,200 --> 00:31:07,040 Speaker 1: of a mountain, but usually like you would expect a 537 00:31:07,080 --> 00:31:09,360 Speaker 1: wind record to be during a hurricane, and that wasn't 538 00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:12,440 Speaker 1: the case. No, But also I've read that the jet 539 00:31:12,520 --> 00:31:16,960 Speaker 1: stream dips frequently near Mount Washington, and so it had 540 00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,640 Speaker 1: the advantage of the jet stream adding in there too. 541 00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:23,360 Speaker 1: Apparently they build themselves as the world's worst the place 542 00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:27,320 Speaker 1: with the world's worst weather, like they have hurricane forced winds, Yeah, 543 00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:29,520 Speaker 1: like a hundred days of the year, and they are 544 00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:34,200 Speaker 1: definitely hanging onto their there um, their their status as 545 00:31:34,280 --> 00:31:36,800 Speaker 1: much as they can. I think in tornadoes we should 546 00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:41,280 Speaker 1: point out don't count because you can. You know, there 547 00:31:41,280 --> 00:31:45,080 Speaker 1: have been three hundred plus smile in our winds during tornadoes, 548 00:31:45,120 --> 00:31:49,040 Speaker 1: and they those are just separate records. Yeah. And then actually, 549 00:31:49,080 --> 00:31:52,480 Speaker 1: like we measure wind speeds from things like cyclones and 550 00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:55,440 Speaker 1: hurricanes certain ways. So there's a scale called the seth 551 00:31:55,520 --> 00:31:57,480 Speaker 1: Here Simpson scale, which I'm sure we talked about in 552 00:31:57,480 --> 00:32:00,960 Speaker 1: a Hurricanes episode, but that ranges for category one to 553 00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:03,120 Speaker 1: category five, and they based it on wind speed and 554 00:32:03,160 --> 00:32:06,600 Speaker 1: potential for for damage. And then for tornadoes, there's a 555 00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:09,400 Speaker 1: scale that also has to do with damage, like how 556 00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:13,040 Speaker 1: destructive the tornado was. It's the enhanced Fujita scale, and 557 00:32:13,080 --> 00:32:15,520 Speaker 1: it goes from zero to five. I think we talked 558 00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:18,080 Speaker 1: about that in or What's What's What's it like inside 559 00:32:18,080 --> 00:32:22,480 Speaker 1: a tornado episode? Yeah, because one one person survived it 560 00:32:22,520 --> 00:32:25,840 Speaker 1: and told their story and everyone's been writing that story 561 00:32:25,880 --> 00:32:29,680 Speaker 1: since then. That's exactly right, all right. We can go 562 00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:31,560 Speaker 1: through some of the more things that wind does because 563 00:32:31,560 --> 00:32:35,160 Speaker 1: it's pretty remarkable. It didn't just give us weather. Uh. 564 00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:37,080 Speaker 1: If you've ever been to the beach and looked at 565 00:32:37,080 --> 00:32:39,280 Speaker 1: waves and thought they were kind of cool, you can 566 00:32:39,280 --> 00:32:43,920 Speaker 1: think the wind for that. Uh. And we're not talking about, obviously, uh, 567 00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:47,160 Speaker 1: like under the surface of the ocean where tidal forces 568 00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,200 Speaker 1: are at work. We're talking about winds blowing across the 569 00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:55,120 Speaker 1: surface of the ocean and literally pushing ocean water in uh, 570 00:32:55,160 --> 00:32:58,440 Speaker 1: circulating this water and what's called a gyre, which can 571 00:32:58,480 --> 00:33:01,360 Speaker 1: move you know, it could be great, can move nutrients 572 00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:04,920 Speaker 1: and and stuff like that and help marine mammals with 573 00:33:04,960 --> 00:33:07,760 Speaker 1: their migration patterns and stuff like our marine animals with 574 00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:11,920 Speaker 1: their migration, but can also move around great garbage patches, 575 00:33:11,960 --> 00:33:14,320 Speaker 1: as we've talked about in the Best Yeah, we did 576 00:33:14,360 --> 00:33:18,480 Speaker 1: an episode on that too. Um Ed uses this example 577 00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,360 Speaker 1: of how water can actually pile up, which is just 578 00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:25,480 Speaker 1: so fascinating to me. When wind is strong enough and 579 00:33:25,680 --> 00:33:30,600 Speaker 1: um and persistent enough, it can actually push water so 580 00:33:30,640 --> 00:33:34,000 Speaker 1: that like the either end of a lake like Lake 581 00:33:34,040 --> 00:33:37,960 Speaker 1: Erie can have a difference in in um surface level 582 00:33:38,200 --> 00:33:40,880 Speaker 1: of like fifteen feet, Like it's just all the water 583 00:33:40,960 --> 00:33:43,040 Speaker 1: happens to be on the east end at that time 584 00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:46,320 Speaker 1: because the wind, these seasonal winds pushed it down that way. 585 00:33:46,960 --> 00:33:50,200 Speaker 1: That's just nuts, Like I always think waters level, it's 586 00:33:50,240 --> 00:33:53,880 Speaker 1: just always what level. Nope, our friend wind makes it 587 00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:57,800 Speaker 1: not so. Yeah, And I think Lake Erie is even 588 00:33:57,920 --> 00:34:00,800 Speaker 1: a standout and that it's at one end and it's 589 00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:03,960 Speaker 1: called it's a phenomenon called a sage. But from what 590 00:34:04,040 --> 00:34:06,400 Speaker 1: I read I looked up on stage is a little more. 591 00:34:06,840 --> 00:34:09,560 Speaker 1: I think that's usually water piled up higher at both 592 00:34:09,680 --> 00:34:12,520 Speaker 1: ends and it's lower in the middle. It's like less 593 00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:14,960 Speaker 1: oscillation in the middle. Like most they kind of likened 594 00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:17,160 Speaker 1: it to a seesaw, Like if you look at the 595 00:34:17,160 --> 00:34:19,120 Speaker 1: center of a seesaw, it doesn't you know, it's not 596 00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:22,480 Speaker 1: moving as much as both ends are. But I guess 597 00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:25,200 Speaker 1: in Lake Erie it just that wind goes one direction 598 00:34:25,680 --> 00:34:29,280 Speaker 1: and it's just stacking up there, yeah side and um 599 00:34:29,400 --> 00:34:32,279 Speaker 1: the planet tilts a little bit when it gets too 600 00:34:32,280 --> 00:34:35,759 Speaker 1: piled up on one side of Lake Erie? Does it really? 601 00:34:36,440 --> 00:34:40,439 Speaker 1: I don't think so. Maybe, but probably not in any 602 00:34:40,440 --> 00:34:43,080 Speaker 1: way we're equipped to detect. At this point. You can 603 00:34:43,160 --> 00:34:45,960 Speaker 1: really take advantage of how little I understand all this 604 00:34:46,080 --> 00:34:48,239 Speaker 1: just by saying things like that for the series. All right, 605 00:34:48,320 --> 00:34:49,600 Speaker 1: good to know. I wish you would have told me 606 00:34:49,640 --> 00:34:51,640 Speaker 1: that at the outside of that. Yeah, you could just 607 00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:54,120 Speaker 1: make fun of me this whole time. Another thing wind 608 00:34:54,160 --> 00:34:58,040 Speaker 1: does is help spread plants far and wide across this 609 00:34:58,160 --> 00:35:01,480 Speaker 1: earth because a bunch of plane it's have evolved to 610 00:35:01,800 --> 00:35:04,800 Speaker 1: disperse their seeds by hitching a ride on the wind. 611 00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:08,400 Speaker 1: Huh sure, I mean some plants, A lot of plants 612 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:11,680 Speaker 1: are built to do just that, whether it's the way 613 00:35:11,719 --> 00:35:14,960 Speaker 1: there where they're shaped. Like you know, if you think 614 00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:17,960 Speaker 1: about a little uh, a little dandelion, and you talk 615 00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:19,800 Speaker 1: about something that was made to move with the wind, 616 00:35:20,760 --> 00:35:24,080 Speaker 1: what are those whirly gigs, the helicopters, what what tree 617 00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:26,600 Speaker 1: is that. Are they maples that do that? I don't know, man, 618 00:35:26,640 --> 00:35:30,600 Speaker 1: I always call them helicopters. Yeah, but it's like, um, 619 00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:33,279 Speaker 1: it's almost like a more like a close hanger, like 620 00:35:33,440 --> 00:35:36,520 Speaker 1: the old fat wooden ones with a seed in each 621 00:35:36,600 --> 00:35:39,600 Speaker 1: and to balance it out, and it just spins down. Yeah, 622 00:35:39,640 --> 00:35:42,640 Speaker 1: like a helicopter rotor. And I mean like they were 623 00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:45,040 Speaker 1: all over when I was a kid. But I cannot, 624 00:35:45,080 --> 00:35:46,919 Speaker 1: for the life of me remember what tree they came 625 00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:49,799 Speaker 1: out of. Yeah, and I don't think I feel like 626 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:52,319 Speaker 1: I see them like I used to. Huh. I wonder 627 00:35:52,520 --> 00:35:56,839 Speaker 1: some species has gone extinct. No, someone will let us 628 00:35:56,840 --> 00:35:58,440 Speaker 1: know what it is. I'm sure they're everywhere, but that 629 00:35:58,520 --> 00:36:01,480 Speaker 1: was certainly made to move on the wind. Um Ed's 630 00:36:01,600 --> 00:36:03,320 Speaker 1: pointed out something I had no idea. It's kind of 631 00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:05,960 Speaker 1: a cool little factoid, which is when you go out 632 00:36:06,000 --> 00:36:07,880 Speaker 1: west and see first of all, when you see your 633 00:36:07,880 --> 00:36:11,360 Speaker 1: first legit tumbleweed. It's kind of a nice moment because 634 00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:13,239 Speaker 1: it just seems like something from the movies. But when 635 00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:14,799 Speaker 1: you see it, you're like, oh, wait a minute, that's 636 00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:18,200 Speaker 1: that's a real thing that happens. There are tumbleweeds out west. Um, 637 00:36:18,200 --> 00:36:22,759 Speaker 1: they're dropping seeds all along the way thanks to wind. Yeah, 638 00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:30,160 Speaker 1: so there's the dispersal unit is what you call it. Stu. Uh. 639 00:36:30,160 --> 00:36:32,960 Speaker 1: It also carries dust for better for worse. Um. We 640 00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:37,160 Speaker 1: did an episode on desertification. We also did one on droughts, 641 00:36:37,200 --> 00:36:38,799 Speaker 1: and in both of those they think we talked about 642 00:36:38,800 --> 00:36:41,400 Speaker 1: the dust Bowl in the nineteen thirties where the middle 643 00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:43,440 Speaker 1: of the United States was turned to do a desert 644 00:36:43,880 --> 00:36:46,640 Speaker 1: because we didn't know what we were doing with soil 645 00:36:46,719 --> 00:36:50,480 Speaker 1: tilling until they do erosion terrible drought. It's some really 646 00:36:50,560 --> 00:36:54,480 Speaker 1: high winds that just basically blew all the soil westward, 647 00:36:54,680 --> 00:36:58,120 Speaker 1: I believe, and blew basically everyone who lived in Oklahoma 648 00:36:58,160 --> 00:37:02,520 Speaker 1: westward as well. Um to settle out in California. Um. 649 00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:06,640 Speaker 1: It can also over time, over long enough time where 650 00:37:06,640 --> 00:37:09,680 Speaker 1: down you know those same geological features that get in 651 00:37:09,719 --> 00:37:13,920 Speaker 1: its way. Huh sure, I mean the mountain uh uh. 652 00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:17,160 Speaker 1: The Apple Chians are smaller now than they used to be, 653 00:37:17,880 --> 00:37:20,400 Speaker 1: and that's because wind wind is just sort of a 654 00:37:20,520 --> 00:37:23,680 Speaker 1: roaded those over time. And they're still wonderful and great, 655 00:37:23,719 --> 00:37:26,160 Speaker 1: but there it's not like the Rocky Mountains out west. No, 656 00:37:26,360 --> 00:37:29,560 Speaker 1: but they're about four million years older than the Rocky 657 00:37:29,640 --> 00:37:34,720 Speaker 1: so give them here. But so as wing taketh away, 658 00:37:34,840 --> 00:37:39,040 Speaker 1: wind also giveth um. And they think actually because of 659 00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:43,320 Speaker 1: dust storms from North Africa from the Sahara being kicked 660 00:37:43,400 --> 00:37:48,160 Speaker 1: up and carried all the way across the Atlantic UM 661 00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:51,600 Speaker 1: which actually sometimes if it's good enough or strong enough, 662 00:37:51,880 --> 00:37:55,320 Speaker 1: can cut down on hurricane season rather dramatically because it 663 00:37:55,719 --> 00:37:59,759 Speaker 1: keeps UM type systems from forming. But they suspect that 664 00:37:59,760 --> 00:38:03,399 Speaker 1: possibly this dust, which is nutrient rich um, which made 665 00:38:03,520 --> 00:38:06,719 Speaker 1: land makes land in some part in South America, UM 666 00:38:07,120 --> 00:38:11,480 Speaker 1: may have contributed to the Amazon rainforest being so so lush. 667 00:38:11,640 --> 00:38:17,520 Speaker 1: That's amazing it is. And Chuck, what's causing that? When 668 00:38:18,040 --> 00:38:21,719 Speaker 1: that's right, But like you said, it can take it 669 00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:25,279 Speaker 1: the way. Wind can carry disease in that dust as well. 670 00:38:25,960 --> 00:38:28,520 Speaker 1: And they're also from Africa. They think there have been 671 00:38:28,560 --> 00:38:33,680 Speaker 1: some meningitis outbreaks around the world because of these harmontton 672 00:38:33,760 --> 00:38:37,640 Speaker 1: winds that have carried it with the dust. And I 673 00:38:37,640 --> 00:38:41,480 Speaker 1: guess the theory is that uh, dust particles are going 674 00:38:41,520 --> 00:38:44,640 Speaker 1: to carry a virus more effectively from person to person. 675 00:38:44,680 --> 00:38:47,759 Speaker 1: I know they've even talked about that with COVID. Yeah, yeah, 676 00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:50,520 Speaker 1: I remember that too. Like the reason my masks are 677 00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:53,160 Speaker 1: effective because I know At first there was a lot 678 00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:55,200 Speaker 1: of people going, oh, these particles are so small they 679 00:38:55,200 --> 00:38:57,839 Speaker 1: can get right through those mass. But the particles are 680 00:38:57,880 --> 00:39:00,160 Speaker 1: carried on droplets and the droplets don't get through the 681 00:39:00,160 --> 00:39:03,799 Speaker 1: same theory with the dust. Very nice. Thank you for 682 00:39:03,840 --> 00:39:06,640 Speaker 1: the COVID update two. It's been a little while. Yeah, 683 00:39:06,760 --> 00:39:09,080 Speaker 1: it's still out there everyone, Just in case you're wondering, Yeah, 684 00:39:10,160 --> 00:39:14,520 Speaker 1: hasn't gone anywhere. You've got anything else about wind one 685 00:39:14,560 --> 00:39:20,920 Speaker 1: of the coolest things on the planet. No, yeah, it does. Um, 686 00:39:20,960 --> 00:39:22,960 Speaker 1: if you want to know more about whin than just 687 00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:26,600 Speaker 1: start researching. Maybe you'll be a meteorologist. You can pick 688 00:39:26,680 --> 00:39:29,480 Speaker 1: up where Chuck left off. And since I said that, 689 00:39:29,560 --> 00:39:34,480 Speaker 1: it's time for listener mail pick up I left off, 690 00:39:34,520 --> 00:39:38,040 Speaker 1: which is to say, after one class made a cn 691 00:39:38,239 --> 00:39:42,319 Speaker 1: you gotta start somewhere. All right, This is I'm just 692 00:39:42,360 --> 00:39:45,160 Speaker 1: gonna say, this is a one of the nicest thank 693 00:39:45,160 --> 00:39:46,560 Speaker 1: you is that we've gotten in a long time, and 694 00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:48,799 Speaker 1: it just it's been a lot to me. So we're 695 00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:51,440 Speaker 1: reading it. Hey, guys want to write in and thank 696 00:39:51,480 --> 00:39:53,680 Speaker 1: you for putting the superb content out in the world 697 00:39:54,040 --> 00:39:57,360 Speaker 1: for people to enjoy. Appreciate that you're showing forms and educates, 698 00:39:57,400 --> 00:40:00,080 Speaker 1: but even more importantly to me, your opinions give me 699 00:40:00,200 --> 00:40:02,720 Speaker 1: perspective on my own thoughts and beliefs, and I often 700 00:40:02,719 --> 00:40:06,640 Speaker 1: find myself participating in introspection to check myself on outdated 701 00:40:06,680 --> 00:40:09,000 Speaker 1: ideas that haven't been challenged by my friends and peers. 702 00:40:09,800 --> 00:40:12,400 Speaker 1: You bring a modern, thoughtful approach to your outlooks on life, 703 00:40:12,719 --> 00:40:14,560 Speaker 1: and I can't tell you how helpful it is to 704 00:40:14,640 --> 00:40:18,000 Speaker 1: have that presented in a friendly and accessible way. It 705 00:40:18,040 --> 00:40:21,520 Speaker 1: takes work curating one's media and take nowadays to avoid negativity, 706 00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:25,120 Speaker 1: divisiveness and bias, and having a platform like stuff. You 707 00:40:25,120 --> 00:40:26,920 Speaker 1: should know that I trust to always put the best 708 00:40:26,920 --> 00:40:31,160 Speaker 1: foot forward we try to. My friend is immensely appreciated 709 00:40:31,520 --> 00:40:33,600 Speaker 1: the impact you both had on me and countless other 710 00:40:33,640 --> 00:40:37,560 Speaker 1: people help shape a healthier, happier and more inclusive generation. 711 00:40:37,719 --> 00:40:41,120 Speaker 1: For that, thank you hardly cuts it, I know, right man, 712 00:40:41,239 --> 00:40:44,040 Speaker 1: that was one of the best. Thank you If you're 713 00:40:44,080 --> 00:40:47,279 Speaker 1: ever in Austin the barbecue and the drinks around me, 714 00:40:47,360 --> 00:40:50,400 Speaker 1: and that is from our new best friend Tom tap 715 00:40:51,080 --> 00:40:54,640 Speaker 1: It gets even better. He offered barbecue and drinks for free, 716 00:40:54,719 --> 00:40:57,359 Speaker 1: chuck for free. You know not to do that, Tom, 717 00:40:57,360 --> 00:41:00,000 Speaker 1: but if we ever come, how about this. We ever 718 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:03,040 Speaker 1: come back to Austin. Tom, you my friend and you're 719 00:41:03,560 --> 00:41:07,840 Speaker 1: plus one are on the guest list listed listed, Tom 720 00:41:07,880 --> 00:41:11,799 Speaker 1: just got listed. Just write write as an email from 721 00:41:11,800 --> 00:41:15,040 Speaker 1: that same thread Tom, to remind us and say, hey, buddy, 722 00:41:15,280 --> 00:41:17,759 Speaker 1: remember me you promised me free tickets. Yeah, and to 723 00:41:17,840 --> 00:41:20,720 Speaker 1: prove you are who you say you are. Tom. Well, 724 00:41:20,760 --> 00:41:22,560 Speaker 1: I mean, if someone wants to go through trouble getting 725 00:41:22,560 --> 00:41:26,080 Speaker 1: a fake idea that says Tom dappy, then I guess 726 00:41:26,080 --> 00:41:31,120 Speaker 1: that could probably work. I would not encourage that and says, hey, 727 00:41:31,160 --> 00:41:35,040 Speaker 1: I'm the guy, but my name is you know, Bobby Juniper, 728 00:41:35,560 --> 00:41:40,719 Speaker 1: damn top, damn top, gotta mixed up. I don't know 729 00:41:40,760 --> 00:41:44,040 Speaker 1: where Bobby Juniper came from. This hotel chicken name. That's 730 00:41:44,040 --> 00:41:47,640 Speaker 1: a great one. Uh. It suggests that you smell really nice, 731 00:41:47,680 --> 00:41:50,520 Speaker 1: you know. And all you need to do is make 732 00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:52,759 Speaker 1: that suggestion and people will take it and run with it. 733 00:41:52,840 --> 00:41:55,040 Speaker 1: And as far as they're concerned, you do smell nice. 734 00:41:56,400 --> 00:41:58,120 Speaker 1: If you want to be like Tom and send us 735 00:41:58,120 --> 00:42:00,919 Speaker 1: one of the greatest, nicest thank you ever, we would 736 00:42:00,920 --> 00:42:03,480 Speaker 1: sure appreciate that. But that's not the only reason you 737 00:42:03,520 --> 00:42:05,480 Speaker 1: have to have to write in. You can write in 738 00:42:05,560 --> 00:42:08,319 Speaker 1: for any reason. Whatever reason you write in for, you 739 00:42:08,360 --> 00:42:11,279 Speaker 1: can send it in an email to stuff Podcasts at 740 00:42:11,280 --> 00:42:16,880 Speaker 1: iHeart radio dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a 741 00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:20,280 Speaker 1: production of I heart Radio. For more podcasts my heart Radio, 742 00:42:20,520 --> 00:42:23,640 Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 743 00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:24,960 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.