WEBVTT - How Biohydrocarbons Work 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.600 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know 0:00:08.240 --> 0:00:15.960 from House Stuff Works dot Com. I am welcome to 0:00:15.960 --> 0:00:19.599 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, a k A compass head 0:00:19.960 --> 0:00:26.320 with me is Charles W Chuck Chuckers Chucky Bryant. Yes, Yes, 0:00:26.520 --> 0:00:29.600 Chuck Chuck Chuck Chuck, Chuck, Chuck Chuck Chuck Chuck Chuck 0:00:29.640 --> 0:00:32.600 Chuck Chuck Chuck Chuck bra Bow. We have Matt to 0:00:32.720 --> 0:00:36.960 guest producer. Matt again, handsome guest producer man. He's a 0:00:37.080 --> 0:00:39.519 dream vote, he is Pay attention, Matt. You might learn 0:00:39.520 --> 0:00:42.160 a thinker two. So don't be mean to Matt. Chuck. 0:00:42.400 --> 0:00:45.479 I'm not supporting it. I guess you want to get 0:00:45.479 --> 0:00:47.960 to it. Yeah, I think there's no point trying to 0:00:47.960 --> 0:00:49.840 be around the bush. Look like you're dragging a little 0:00:49.840 --> 0:00:52.760 bit today. Okay, No, dude, I'm up like uh. I 0:00:52.760 --> 0:00:55.120 can never think of the analogies bright eyed and bushy tailed. 0:00:55.160 --> 0:00:59.680 I'm up like a light switch up, like a hair 0:01:00.080 --> 0:01:05.880 hairclub for men. Customer terrible. Okay, Chuck, do you know 0:01:06.000 --> 0:01:09.640 what one of the simplest organic compounds found on the 0:01:09.680 --> 0:01:13.480 planet are school me. I'm about to chuck. We're gonna 0:01:13.560 --> 0:01:17.720 call those hydrocarbons for the remainder of this podcast, right, 0:01:17.800 --> 0:01:20.039 this little science. But hang with us. You might learn something. 0:01:20.160 --> 0:01:22.399 It is, but it's actually really exciting science. It is. 0:01:22.560 --> 0:01:26.240 I know, I'm aroused. I am too, I can tell alright, so, Chuck, Um, 0:01:26.520 --> 0:01:30.200 hydrocarbons are, as I said, very simple. It's just a 0:01:30.319 --> 0:01:34.679 chain of hydrogen and carbon atoms, pretty simple mixed together. 0:01:35.360 --> 0:01:38.000 But for all their simplicity, they pack a heck of 0:01:38.040 --> 0:01:40.920 a punched they do. Actually, as a matter of fact, 0:01:40.920 --> 0:01:44.280 they're really ubiquitous as far as the stuff we use 0:01:44.400 --> 0:01:48.800 to fuel our global economy goes, meaning that hydrocarbons are 0:01:48.800 --> 0:01:55.560 actually active ingredients in petroleum, coal, natural gas. So basically 0:01:56.000 --> 0:01:58.280 these are the things that give us the energy that 0:01:58.320 --> 0:02:01.560 we use to live our lives. Right, it's a good 0:02:01.560 --> 0:02:04.560 way to say it. Thanks, Chuck is at the end. 0:02:04.840 --> 0:02:08.720 That's it, alright, Thanks, thanks for joining us. Um, So, Chuck, 0:02:09.560 --> 0:02:12.880 there's a couple of problems with what we're getting our 0:02:12.960 --> 0:02:16.480 hydrocarbons from these days, and the first one is the 0:02:16.480 --> 0:02:20.119 first one is that eventually we're going to run out right, 0:02:20.200 --> 0:02:23.720 that's a pretty well known fact, and it's troublesome. It's 0:02:23.760 --> 0:02:25.720 not necessarily a fact, my friend. I don't want you 0:02:25.760 --> 0:02:30.240 to get unnecessary listener mail. It's actually a hotly debated topic, 0:02:30.320 --> 0:02:32.440 peak oil theory, which frankly I think we should do 0:02:32.480 --> 0:02:34.440 one on because it's actually really interesting. Right, you have 0:02:34.440 --> 0:02:36.920 a good article on that. Thank you, and thank you. 0:02:37.000 --> 0:02:38.360 I have to say, I just want to go ahead 0:02:38.400 --> 0:02:40.720 and say it now to Matt Baker. You know Matt 0:02:40.800 --> 0:02:45.160 over in development. He is actually a fanatic about energy 0:02:45.360 --> 0:02:48.440 in the future of energy use and exploring other ways, 0:02:48.480 --> 0:02:51.480 and he's actually huge skeptics. So he helped lend me 0:02:51.480 --> 0:02:55.120 a little bit of healthy skepticism for this one. Right, 0:02:55.480 --> 0:02:58.000 So it's good. He's fighting a good fight. So but 0:02:58.320 --> 0:03:00.760 I'm of the opinion that we are running out if 0:03:00.800 --> 0:03:05.119 we haven't started to already hit oil. Um, so we're 0:03:05.120 --> 0:03:06.960 going to run out. But we still need this stuff. 0:03:07.680 --> 0:03:10.760 And then the other problem is this the the internal 0:03:10.800 --> 0:03:14.600 combustion engines that we currently have are not very efficient. 0:03:15.160 --> 0:03:18.120 Now they're not we get uh the average from what 0:03:18.160 --> 0:03:21.560 I understand, according to the e p A about of 0:03:21.600 --> 0:03:24.920 the potential energy found in like the gas or the 0:03:24.960 --> 0:03:28.600 diesel or whatever we put into an engine actually becomes 0:03:29.360 --> 0:03:32.679 usable energy or energy that makes your car go down 0:03:32.680 --> 0:03:36.000 the road or powers your air conditioner right right. The 0:03:36.000 --> 0:03:38.680 rest of it's lost, all sorts of different things, heat, whatever. 0:03:38.840 --> 0:03:40.680 But one of the one of the ways that energy 0:03:40.800 --> 0:03:47.040 is lost is through unburnt u or incompletely burnt hydrocarbons, right, 0:03:47.160 --> 0:03:48.880 that comes right out of the old tail pipe. Yeah, 0:03:48.880 --> 0:03:51.760 and what happens chuckers Well, I was talking to Emily 0:03:51.760 --> 0:03:53.800 about this last night, trying to break this down in 0:03:53.960 --> 0:03:58.280 my research, and basically the easiest way to say it 0:03:58.400 --> 0:04:02.920 is these petroleum based fuels um burn less efficiently because 0:04:02.960 --> 0:04:06.200 they're more complex. And that's really all there is to it. 0:04:07.000 --> 0:04:09.200 Things like ethanol. If you if you looked at the 0:04:09.600 --> 0:04:12.400 what's it called, not the helix, but the little the bond, Yeah, 0:04:12.400 --> 0:04:14.320 the bond. It's actually just when you look at the 0:04:14.360 --> 0:04:17.320 two compared to each other, they're very much more simpler. Sure, 0:04:17.600 --> 0:04:19.160 so that that's really all there is to it. It 0:04:19.160 --> 0:04:22.680 burns cleaner because more of it gets burnt initially, there's 0:04:22.720 --> 0:04:26.560 nothing left over, right, So we burned these these these hydrocarbons, 0:04:26.880 --> 0:04:29.120 and when we separate the bonds, it creates this, uh, 0:04:29.240 --> 0:04:32.600 this reaction where we get energy, right, But if all 0:04:32.640 --> 0:04:34.960 the bonds aren't broken, then you have some that, like 0:04:34.960 --> 0:04:37.039 you said, come out of the tail pipe. And let's 0:04:37.080 --> 0:04:40.279 say you have a carbon atom that interacts with the 0:04:40.320 --> 0:04:43.480 air and it gets an oxygen molecule attached to it. 0:04:43.600 --> 0:04:48.280 All of a sudden you have carbon monoxide, which is bad. Uh. 0:04:48.080 --> 0:04:50.440 Ozone is another one, right, which is not to be 0:04:50.480 --> 0:04:53.679 confused with the ozone in the stratosphere of the ozone layer. 0:04:54.160 --> 0:04:59.040 It's actually good thing. It is no and it actually 0:04:59.120 --> 0:05:00.479 is the same thing. It's just to times and where 0:05:00.480 --> 0:05:03.160 it is exactly right. Um. And then of course you 0:05:03.520 --> 0:05:06.599 you also have um carbon atoms attached to one another 0:05:06.960 --> 0:05:10.440 make soot. So there's a there's a lot of problems 0:05:10.480 --> 0:05:13.279 with hydrocarbons the way we're using them right now, but 0:05:14.320 --> 0:05:18.559 there are solutions to this problem, exciting solutions. Yeah. Again, 0:05:18.640 --> 0:05:21.600 I'm arounded by these. Yeah. I was talking the same 0:05:21.600 --> 0:05:24.480 thing to Emily last night about this, that there are 0:05:24.480 --> 0:05:27.000 actually a lot of different ways that we can make fuel. 0:05:27.839 --> 0:05:29.760 It's just that the system we have in place has 0:05:29.760 --> 0:05:32.560 been there for so long. It's kind of with the 0:05:32.560 --> 0:05:35.760 politics and everything, it's just well entrenched. So all these 0:05:35.760 --> 0:05:37.799 new methods are you know, it's kind of an efficient 0:05:37.800 --> 0:05:40.159 system because it's been in place for so long, and 0:05:40.200 --> 0:05:42.960 all the systems are in place, so starting up these 0:05:43.000 --> 0:05:47.640 new methods is kind of expensive and it's extremely expensive 0:05:47.760 --> 0:05:50.440 time consuming. Plus, you know, we've gotten like you said, 0:05:50.480 --> 0:05:54.520 we've gotten really good at extracting oil from the ground. Yeah, 0:05:54.960 --> 0:05:56.720 even from the sea floor. Remember when we did the 0:05:56.800 --> 0:05:59.960 Huuans Oceans podcast. We've gotten really good at getting oil 0:06:00.000 --> 0:06:03.520 out of the earth right right, because we've been doing 0:06:03.520 --> 0:06:05.480 it for so long. Now, all of a sudden, it's 0:06:05.480 --> 0:06:08.359 becoming painfully clear that we need to come up with 0:06:08.360 --> 0:06:11.280 another solution and fast or else. If we have hit 0:06:11.360 --> 0:06:14.160 peak oil already, we're our global economy is gonna come 0:06:14.160 --> 0:06:16.480 to a screeching halt and then hopefully we'll have enough 0:06:16.520 --> 0:06:21.120 momentum to pick it up with minimal um stoppage. But 0:06:21.520 --> 0:06:24.039 probably not. We're probably gonna be in big trouble because 0:06:24.080 --> 0:06:26.080 we we I think we waited a little too long. 0:06:26.400 --> 0:06:28.960 Hopefully not. I'm not much of an alarmist, really, but 0:06:29.240 --> 0:06:31.920 I don't think the world's gonna end in I don't 0:06:31.920 --> 0:06:34.800 think so either. But okay, so what's what's leading the pack? Chuck? 0:06:34.839 --> 0:06:39.000 Could it possibly be bio hydrocarbons, yes, Josh, and what 0:06:39.080 --> 0:06:43.560 are the Oh you tell me genius. Alright, Jerk, I'll 0:06:43.560 --> 0:06:47.440 tell you what a biohydrocarbon is. It's a hydrocarbons derived 0:06:48.040 --> 0:06:52.359 from plant life, right, converting plant sugars essentially, which is 0:06:52.400 --> 0:06:54.800 not necessarily just sugars either. We'll get into that later. 0:06:54.960 --> 0:06:57.000 It was just one of the many. Yeah. See, this 0:06:57.000 --> 0:06:58.680 is where I started to get confused. I know, let's 0:06:58.720 --> 0:07:00.600 just let's just put it out there, Chuck, come on, 0:07:00.720 --> 0:07:02.960 laid on everybody laid on me. Well, I mean like, 0:07:03.320 --> 0:07:07.240 there's the Chuck was frustrated earlier because we're researching this 0:07:07.320 --> 0:07:09.720 and he was like, what is going on? Like is that? 0:07:10.040 --> 0:07:13.560 Are we looking at ethanol? Are we looking at camelina? Like? 0:07:14.000 --> 0:07:17.840 What are we what which catalyst works best? And we 0:07:17.920 --> 0:07:20.720 both figured out that what's going on is no one 0:07:20.840 --> 0:07:24.040 has this magic bullet yet, right Chuck, which actually makes 0:07:24.080 --> 0:07:26.000 the whole thing that much more exciting. Is kind of 0:07:26.040 --> 0:07:29.520 like watching a horse race, like, have has the technology 0:07:29.560 --> 0:07:31.880 been developed yet? We just need to make it more efficient. 0:07:32.200 --> 0:07:33.720 Is there a plan out there we didn't we haven't 0:07:33.720 --> 0:07:36.800 even heard of that's actually going to rescue the world. Well, 0:07:36.880 --> 0:07:39.120 maybe a little hint for the I know, I like 0:07:39.200 --> 0:07:41.960 that one, the Patagonian one. Yeah, but there's research on 0:07:42.000 --> 0:07:43.800 all kinds of fronts, which is the which is the 0:07:43.840 --> 0:07:45.560 good part. So like you said, it's kind of a race, 0:07:45.880 --> 0:07:48.360 you see, you can do it the cheapest and most efficiently, 0:07:48.840 --> 0:07:51.680 uh and the quickest. There's there's one that's already pretty 0:07:51.720 --> 0:07:55.880 well established. That's cellulistic ethanol and Chris Putt and I 0:07:55.920 --> 0:07:58.920 actually did a podcast many many moons ago on that, 0:07:59.400 --> 0:08:02.120 but I want to have a quick refresher. And also, um, 0:08:02.640 --> 0:08:05.960 I think biohydrocarbons is pretty much interchangeable with the word 0:08:06.000 --> 0:08:09.600 biofuels from what we can tell right, um. But with 0:08:09.640 --> 0:08:13.440 cellulosic ethanol, all it is Uh, it's it's ethanol which 0:08:13.440 --> 0:08:16.320 you can use to power and engine, especially when it's 0:08:16.360 --> 0:08:19.400 been modified to be powered by ethanol. Um. And it's 0:08:19.440 --> 0:08:24.200 just created by fermenting extracted sugars from cellulose and lignant, 0:08:24.400 --> 0:08:28.080 which provides structure and and shape and form to sell 0:08:28.160 --> 0:08:32.560 walls of plants, like the plant stands up thanks to that. Uh. 0:08:32.600 --> 0:08:34.800 And basically what they do is they throw a bunch 0:08:34.840 --> 0:08:38.320 of this and it's called biomass feedstock. When it's used 0:08:38.320 --> 0:08:41.200 to make ethanol. Right, They throw it in this vat, 0:08:41.520 --> 0:08:44.000 throw some microbes in there. The microbes go to town, 0:08:44.080 --> 0:08:47.559 eat this stuff, make these biproducts waste products, and then 0:08:47.600 --> 0:08:50.920 they're they're catalyzed with other enzymes and they go through 0:08:50.920 --> 0:08:53.320 this process and process and out the end comes the 0:08:53.360 --> 0:08:57.440 two final products, which are water and ethanol. Right. And 0:08:57.520 --> 0:09:01.440 actually there's a real advantage to the because we're already 0:09:01.440 --> 0:09:05.319 throwing away four thirty million tons of plant waste every year. 0:09:05.920 --> 0:09:08.360 We're just thrown it away saw dust with chips, stock 0:09:08.480 --> 0:09:10.800 stuck in the thing. Yeah, but stuff we just can't use. 0:09:11.880 --> 0:09:14.560 We can if we make cellulistic ethanol out right, right, 0:09:15.040 --> 0:09:17.800 it's just garbage before, But then you know, once we're 0:09:17.840 --> 0:09:20.080 using it, like I said, it becomes biomassive feed stack. 0:09:20.320 --> 0:09:24.120 Here's the problem. You were saying earlier that it's it's 0:09:24.120 --> 0:09:27.360 a very expensive process. It's I said, it's not very efficient. 0:09:27.720 --> 0:09:29.960 These are all extremely accurate. And the reason why is 0:09:30.120 --> 0:09:33.360 um Like those microbes I mentioned that are changing the 0:09:33.400 --> 0:09:39.080 cellulose into sugars to be fermented, those die after a 0:09:39.200 --> 0:09:41.760 very short period of time and they have to be replaced. 0:09:42.080 --> 0:09:47.560 So that's an added cost right indeed, Okay, Indeed, microbe 0:09:47.559 --> 0:09:51.120 replacement is actually that's a very expensive process. Microbe replacement. 0:09:51.160 --> 0:09:52.800 It's a killer and it kills you every time. And 0:09:52.800 --> 0:09:55.400 plus also remember I mentioned that the two end products 0:09:55.440 --> 0:09:59.600 are water and um ethanol. They mix together really easily, 0:10:00.080 --> 0:10:02.679 which is good. No, it's not, no, no, because then 0:10:02.720 --> 0:10:04.800 you have to extract the ethanol from the water, which 0:10:04.840 --> 0:10:08.120 is costly and time consuming, and it's an added step. 0:10:08.240 --> 0:10:09.760 Right yeah, what they're trying to do with some of 0:10:09.800 --> 0:10:13.360 these processes is limit these steps, which makes it obviously cheaper. 0:10:13.400 --> 0:10:16.400 Plus also, even once you do extract the ethanol from 0:10:16.440 --> 0:10:20.640 the water and you are transporting ethanol, uh say, to 0:10:21.440 --> 0:10:24.800 your local gas stations via pipeline the way we do 0:10:24.840 --> 0:10:28.520 it with oil now we try we shoot it through pipes. 0:10:29.120 --> 0:10:32.040 Refined gas, we shoot it through pipes and it's separated 0:10:32.080 --> 0:10:34.960 by columns of water. Will be like gas water, gas water, 0:10:35.000 --> 0:10:37.760 gas water. You can't do that with ethanol. We have 0:10:37.760 --> 0:10:40.120 to come with a completely new technology for it because 0:10:40.160 --> 0:10:42.200 it'll just mix with the water and the stuff that 0:10:42.240 --> 0:10:44.600 comes out the end would have to be extracted again, 0:10:44.720 --> 0:10:48.960 right right, So there's a bunch of challenges to cellulistic ethanol. Really, 0:10:49.000 --> 0:10:50.960 what it comes down to is it's just too expensive 0:10:51.000 --> 0:10:57.079 to replace oil right now. Okay, so again, what's the solution? Well, 0:10:57.120 --> 0:11:00.760 which one? Let's let's start rapping. What do you want 0:11:00.760 --> 0:11:04.080 to talk about? Camelina or camelina is like the the 0:11:04.160 --> 0:11:08.440 wonder plant, right, Well, perhaps camelina is Uh, if you 0:11:08.440 --> 0:11:12.480 want camelina should go to Montana first, or Idaho was 0:11:12.520 --> 0:11:16.559 at the other Origi grower, but yeah, Montana seemed to 0:11:16.640 --> 0:11:18.560 kind of stand out above the rest is like the 0:11:19.320 --> 0:11:22.199 big potential producer for camelina, right right. One of the 0:11:22.200 --> 0:11:24.320 cool things about camelina is gonna be grown in a 0:11:24.400 --> 0:11:27.240 rotation with wheat crops. Yeah, we grow a lot of 0:11:27.240 --> 0:11:30.720 wheat right Actually, um, it's been shown and it's fallow. 0:11:30.880 --> 0:11:34.120 You use it on the fallow land, right and right now, 0:11:34.280 --> 0:11:37.080 they just let weeds grow in a huge tract of 0:11:37.120 --> 0:11:40.920 wheat crop land. But if they were placed with camelina, actually, 0:11:40.920 --> 0:11:44.400 when they plant wheat the next season, it has about 0:11:44.960 --> 0:11:47.960 more increased yield than when they just use weeds this season. 0:11:48.000 --> 0:11:52.439 Before you want to talk yields, camelina yields roughly double 0:11:52.679 --> 0:11:56.120 what soy yields. And soy you know, is the wonder 0:11:56.160 --> 0:12:00.199 plant everyone knows. And the oil that Camelina produced is 0:12:00.600 --> 0:12:06.200 more cold resistant than your average biodiesel and resistant drought 0:12:06.200 --> 0:12:09.360 resistant since it grows in marginal lands as well, it 0:12:09.559 --> 0:12:14.760 requires very little fertilizer or insecticide. So that's huge too. Well, 0:12:14.800 --> 0:12:16.680 it sounds like this is the answer. Wait it gets 0:12:16.720 --> 0:12:24.360 even better, chuck more. Um, to get the Camelina oil 0:12:24.559 --> 0:12:29.600 that's used to produce bio hydrocarbon fuel, right, Um, you 0:12:29.640 --> 0:12:33.000 actually have to crush the plant matter and then you 0:12:33.040 --> 0:12:35.920 extract the oil. The stuff that's left over actually makes 0:12:35.960 --> 0:12:40.040 an excellent livestock feed, so you've got all that extra 0:12:40.920 --> 0:12:43.720 income right there. Right. Yeah. Well, they've done some studies 0:12:44.440 --> 0:12:50.400 on the emissions from let's say jet fuel made by Camelina. 0:12:50.520 --> 0:12:53.719 They call it green jet fuel, and there is an 0:12:53.720 --> 0:12:57.120 eighty four point four percent savings compared to regular petroleum 0:12:57.200 --> 0:13:00.480 jet fuel in greenhouse gas emissions. Right yeah, that's that's 0:13:00.600 --> 0:13:04.000 way huge. Uh. And if you're talking biodiesel and exhibits 0:13:04.000 --> 0:13:11.200 savings of over regular das over petroleum based desil and 0:13:11.360 --> 0:13:13.679 even more. You said that they were doing tests with it, right, 0:13:14.160 --> 0:13:17.760 they're actually conducting real flights with it. So of fifty 0:13:17.760 --> 0:13:20.600 percent jet fuel like petroleum based jet fuel and fifty 0:13:21.400 --> 0:13:24.600 um biojet fuel green jet fuel. That's awesome, And so 0:13:24.640 --> 0:13:28.600 it's actually keeping the plane aloft and I believe more 0:13:28.679 --> 0:13:32.440 energy efficient. Yeah, well, nobody wants to use you know, 0:13:32.559 --> 0:13:36.520 no matter how environmentally friendly a fuel is, everybody's gonna 0:13:36.559 --> 0:13:39.800 hate it if planes crashed and you and when you 0:13:39.840 --> 0:13:43.240 fill it up with it. Right, and we're talking about Montana. 0:13:43.280 --> 0:13:45.520 The state of Montana alone could support between two and 0:13:45.559 --> 0:13:48.800 three million acres of this stuff, producing how many millions 0:13:48.800 --> 0:13:51.520 of barrels of oil? Well, two hundred to three hundred 0:13:51.559 --> 0:13:54.680 million gallons of oil a year. Here's the rub that 0:13:54.880 --> 0:13:57.800 farmers grow education. They don't know a lot about it 0:13:57.840 --> 0:14:00.600 at this point. They don't. But even if every farmer 0:14:00.640 --> 0:14:04.120 in Montana we're producing the maximum amount of camelina oil 0:14:04.160 --> 0:14:09.080 every year, right, three million gallons a year, three or 0:14:09.080 --> 0:14:10.920 four I think. See. The problem is is here in 0:14:10.920 --> 0:14:15.280 the US we use twenty one million barrels of oil 0:14:15.480 --> 0:14:20.800 a day. So even if Montana produced the maximum muld 0:14:20.840 --> 0:14:23.880 of camelina oil, we use it up as a nation 0:14:23.920 --> 0:14:26.880 in just a few days, tops, you know what I'm saying. 0:14:27.760 --> 0:14:31.320 That's a huge problem with that. Plus also camelina goes 0:14:31.360 --> 0:14:34.040 through a much similar process or a similar process to 0:14:34.480 --> 0:14:39.359 um cellulistic ethanol. They've got these extra expensive steps, right, 0:14:39.680 --> 0:14:44.400 So clearly we've got the we have the cleaner burning 0:14:44.440 --> 0:14:49.000 fuel part down right, because it's producing simpler biohydrocarbons, so 0:14:49.000 --> 0:14:53.359 they're burning more efficiently and they're they're burning up completely, 0:14:54.040 --> 0:14:59.640 so there's fewer emissions, except there's carbon dioxide emissions still, right, 0:15:00.000 --> 0:15:03.920 and a truly perfect alternative fuel. The two waste products 0:15:03.920 --> 0:15:08.920 you're gonna be water and uh, carbon dioxide. The problem 0:15:09.040 --> 0:15:12.480 is we're still emitting carbon dioxide, right, Actually hydrogen would 0:15:12.480 --> 0:15:17.960 be the way to go, sure, but yeah please yeah, 0:15:18.360 --> 0:15:20.960 So that you just scoffed, so like that. It was 0:15:20.960 --> 0:15:24.000 a pretty clear scoff, wasn't it. So um, we still 0:15:24.040 --> 0:15:26.800 have this this hurdle, and one of them is the 0:15:27.320 --> 0:15:32.080 making a fewer step process, which would be inherently less expensive, 0:15:32.760 --> 0:15:37.520 right right. Are you talking about the mystery fungus? No, yes, sure, 0:15:38.000 --> 0:15:40.840 not a mystery fungus, but super fungus. Well, that's that's different. 0:15:40.880 --> 0:15:42.960 I mean, that's like just going to the source to 0:15:43.000 --> 0:15:45.080 find uh, you know, I don't know, maybe some sort 0:15:45.120 --> 0:15:48.920 of fungus that produces diesel on its own without any steps. 0:15:48.960 --> 0:15:50.960 Shall we talk about that? Is there such a thing? 0:15:51.240 --> 0:15:55.680 I think? So they have found this in uh, Patagonia, 0:15:55.760 --> 0:15:58.840 is that right in the rainforest? And it is called 0:15:59.040 --> 0:16:03.320 help me out here, io clad cladium roseum. I think 0:16:03.320 --> 0:16:07.200 that's probably pretty close chuck cladium roseum or g roseum. Yeah, 0:16:07.280 --> 0:16:10.760 let's just call it that, or g ros or just 0:16:10.880 --> 0:16:15.920 drows let's call it g roseum. And they've discovered this 0:16:15.960 --> 0:16:18.280 fungus kind of by accident or not kind of accident, 0:16:18.440 --> 0:16:20.800 very much by accident, which is the best part. Yeah, 0:16:20.840 --> 0:16:24.320 they were running around the Patagonian rainforest exposing tree fungus 0:16:24.360 --> 0:16:27.040 to antibiotics to see what happens, right, a bunch of hippies, 0:16:27.640 --> 0:16:30.000 And what they found out was this g rose e 0:16:30.120 --> 0:16:32.520 um grew in the presence of these gases when everything 0:16:32.560 --> 0:16:35.000 else was dying away. So you kind of went, hey, 0:16:35.160 --> 0:16:38.120 what a good stuff exactly? And then they looked a 0:16:38.160 --> 0:16:40.360 little closer and what, well are you saying? The best 0:16:40.400 --> 0:16:44.160 part is that you can grow this in labs. Sure, 0:16:44.400 --> 0:16:46.280 that's one part. I think The best part is the 0:16:46.320 --> 0:16:51.240 fact that this thing naturally excretes diesel. Well, sure, diesel fuel. 0:16:51.320 --> 0:16:54.400 There's a fungus out there that excretes what we would 0:16:54.440 --> 0:16:58.080 just call diesel fuel, which is nuts. That's what you're 0:16:58.080 --> 0:17:00.640 going the obvious round. I thought, Oh, yes, a talk 0:17:00.680 --> 0:17:04.440 about like cutting steps out. I mean, you just exposed this, uh, 0:17:04.520 --> 0:17:09.240 this stuff to antibiotics, right, and it starts producing diesel 0:17:09.480 --> 0:17:13.800 directly from cellulose, yeah, but from eating on a tree, right, 0:17:13.880 --> 0:17:16.920 And like you said, they've already managed to to reproduce 0:17:16.960 --> 0:17:18.439 it in the lab right right, and they call it 0:17:18.480 --> 0:17:21.160 mica diesel. Yeah, and yeah, they can create this stuff 0:17:21.200 --> 0:17:23.840 in the lab. It's crazy, which you know this this 0:17:23.920 --> 0:17:28.120 is one of the big exciting things about g. Rose 0:17:28.119 --> 0:17:30.480 e um. Well plus also g roseum, as if it 0:17:30.480 --> 0:17:36.360 couldn't get any better, produces potent antibiotics as a byproduct 0:17:36.680 --> 0:17:40.880 as well and introducing diesel and animbiotics. Well, so why 0:17:40.920 --> 0:17:43.600 don't we just go this route? I think we should 0:17:43.600 --> 0:17:46.600 bow down to the g. Roseum master, which will clearly 0:17:46.640 --> 0:17:49.080 dominate the human race within the next fifty years. And 0:17:49.160 --> 0:17:50.960 this is only like six months ago that this they 0:17:50.960 --> 0:17:53.879 figured the stuff out. It's a brand new dawning of 0:17:53.880 --> 0:17:55.800 a new age. Maybe, well it was twelve months ago 0:17:55.840 --> 0:17:57.879 they found out, but it took him six months to 0:17:57.920 --> 0:17:59.560 get out of the forest, and they were running the 0:17:59.560 --> 0:18:02.000 whole time to tell everybody they were Yeah, they kept 0:18:02.000 --> 0:18:05.400 falling down. Yeah. Yeah. So what I want to know, Well, 0:18:05.440 --> 0:18:08.399 the good part is that they can actually manufacture it, 0:18:08.400 --> 0:18:10.520 because that's what I was worried about. Was cool they 0:18:10.520 --> 0:18:12.320 found the saying, but it's in the rainforest. So then 0:18:12.359 --> 0:18:14.520 I thought, well, that just means you're gonna start raping 0:18:14.520 --> 0:18:16.680 the rainforest. Yeah. I thought the same thing too, And 0:18:16.720 --> 0:18:18.840 I have to say I was to see that they 0:18:18.880 --> 0:18:21.320 synthesized it already or and that's awesome, figured out how 0:18:21.320 --> 0:18:26.280 to manipulate it science exactly precisely. Also, there's a there's 0:18:26.320 --> 0:18:30.000 a movement of foot to cut out extra steps in 0:18:30.320 --> 0:18:34.440 the ethanol process or you know what converting camelina oil 0:18:34.480 --> 0:18:38.760 the usable um diesel fuel. Uh, and that's using different 0:18:38.840 --> 0:18:42.000 kinds of catalysts um. There are these guys that M 0:18:42.080 --> 0:18:47.240 I T that are using um metals like platinum and copper. 0:18:47.280 --> 0:18:51.520 I believe right to to catalyze these things. What what 0:18:51.600 --> 0:18:54.080 happens is basically from what I understand, and again this 0:18:54.160 --> 0:18:55.959 is m I T. And I definitely did not attend 0:18:56.040 --> 0:18:58.520 M I T. A bunch of dummies, Yeah, what are 0:18:58.520 --> 0:19:03.000 you talking about? Um? Basically, you take this uh this um, 0:19:03.240 --> 0:19:06.280 this cellulistic ethanol, say right, and you run it over 0:19:06.320 --> 0:19:10.359 these catalysts that are very high heat, so like you 0:19:10.359 --> 0:19:14.560 have ultraheated platinum. And what happens is when it goes over, 0:19:14.600 --> 0:19:18.960 it actually converts the chemical composition of the ethanol or 0:19:19.119 --> 0:19:22.760 not the ethanol, the the main ingredients used in ethanol, 0:19:23.160 --> 0:19:28.840 the cellulose, let's say, um, and it converts it into biohydrocarbons. 0:19:29.000 --> 0:19:31.879 Right there. There's no other steps. Actually there are two steps, 0:19:32.040 --> 0:19:35.399 but they're actually very quick and um it's thousands of 0:19:35.440 --> 0:19:39.399 times faster I understand than microbial fermentation. You can produce 0:19:39.440 --> 0:19:42.440 this stuff constantly, and it can be recycled exactly. The 0:19:42.720 --> 0:19:45.080 catalyst can be reused because you're not using microbes, you're 0:19:45.160 --> 0:19:48.400 using metal, and platinum stands up to heat pretty well, right. 0:19:48.880 --> 0:19:51.919 Even better, the stuff that comes out on the other end, 0:19:52.119 --> 0:19:56.840 the usable fuel, actually separates from the other biproducts, so 0:19:56.840 --> 0:20:00.680 it's just sitting there on top making extraction easy. And 0:20:00.760 --> 0:20:03.679 the stuff that remains on bottom is actually highly usable 0:20:03.680 --> 0:20:06.600 in the manufacture of plastics too. So it seems to 0:20:06.600 --> 0:20:09.639 me like We're getting closer and closer and closer. The 0:20:09.720 --> 0:20:13.439 problem is is I think, um, we humans tend to 0:20:13.480 --> 0:20:16.880 rest on our laurels. We know how to get oil 0:20:16.920 --> 0:20:19.160 out of the ground. I don't. I don't see any 0:20:19.200 --> 0:20:22.159 oil missing. What's the big problem? Until it all up, 0:20:22.280 --> 0:20:25.359 it's going to take someone of real prominence to come 0:20:25.359 --> 0:20:28.120 out and be like you idiots were in big trouble 0:20:28.920 --> 0:20:32.159 for anybody to wise up and really start funding this stuff. 0:20:32.600 --> 0:20:35.240 But if if some great thinker needs to come along 0:20:35.280 --> 0:20:41.240 and demand it, who maybe you? I demand that everyone 0:20:41.359 --> 0:20:43.840 start funding this stuff, right, and then say, and you 0:20:43.920 --> 0:20:47.080 are as you're being handcuffed. That's fine. Sure, I've been 0:20:47.119 --> 0:20:49.640 handcuffed before and I don't doubt it. So that's bio 0:20:49.760 --> 0:20:54.679 hydrocarbons that it? Sure? Well, I'm very impressed, dude. You know, 0:20:54.920 --> 0:20:57.240 chemistry and maths stuff kind of flies over my head. 0:20:57.240 --> 0:20:58.720 I did my best to hang in there. But you 0:20:58.760 --> 0:21:03.400 did great, Chuck, You did great. So, Chuck, we don't 0:21:03.440 --> 0:21:07.840 have anything to plug. We're done with biohydro carbons. That 0:21:07.880 --> 0:21:15.040 can only be one thing, my friend listener many exactly. So, Josh, 0:21:15.080 --> 0:21:18.439 I'm just gonna call this Italian listener mail because it 0:21:18.440 --> 0:21:23.920 comes from an Italian. Uh might throw in a word 0:21:24.000 --> 0:21:26.359 or two in there. He doesn't say anything about the punts. 0:21:27.119 --> 0:21:29.399 So this from Stephan in Italy, and this is in 0:21:29.440 --> 0:21:34.719 regards to our propaganda podcast which was just recently. Really yeah. Uh. 0:21:34.880 --> 0:21:38.320 He wants to point out that, first of all, I'm Italian, 0:21:38.359 --> 0:21:41.280 so sorry for the bad English. His the Prime Minister 0:21:41.320 --> 0:21:47.400 of Italy, Silvio Silvio Bert Berlusconi. He is apparently quite 0:21:47.400 --> 0:21:51.680 the propagandist, is what this Stephan says. And he says 0:21:52.280 --> 0:21:55.320 here we can only dream about propaganda being illegal. I 0:21:55.359 --> 0:21:57.919 want to argue, I don't want to argue through a 0:21:59.000 --> 0:22:03.320 Riduccio at Hitler hum. But the current situation Italy is 0:22:03.359 --> 0:22:06.480 worse than Nazi Germany. That's what he says. I didn't 0:22:06.480 --> 0:22:09.160 realize the chuck you're gonna give the Italians after its Well, 0:22:09.200 --> 0:22:12.840 maybe you don't want the Italians. The night is what 0:22:12.880 --> 0:22:16.240 they call him evidently, and he says, yes, the k 0:22:16.400 --> 0:22:20.040 and I p HT is what the Italian media calls 0:22:20.040 --> 0:22:24.160 the Prime minister. And he owns all private free televisions 0:22:24.720 --> 0:22:27.600 and has shares and I think he means TV stations, 0:22:27.600 --> 0:22:30.760 and he has shares in the paper viewings. So being 0:22:30.760 --> 0:22:33.240 the Prime minister, he can influence the public TV channels. 0:22:33.240 --> 0:22:36.600 He illegally became the owner of nearly every publisher or 0:22:36.640 --> 0:22:40.560 newspaper in the country, and he sues everyone who allows 0:22:40.640 --> 0:22:44.919 himself to criticize him little Italian influence there on the 0:22:45.040 --> 0:22:47.800 speak uh, he says, there are plenty of cases of 0:22:47.840 --> 0:22:51.360 phone interceptions and or admissions that he influenced people in 0:22:51.400 --> 0:22:55.080 some news and or journalists are being ridiculously one sided. 0:22:55.520 --> 0:22:58.119