1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:04,720 Speaker 1: Happy Friday afternoon, everybody. This is Chuck here with this 2 00:00:04,760 --> 00:00:12,399 Speaker 1: week's Stuff you Should Know selects, Select Sean. It's called subways, Colin, Huh, 3 00:00:12,760 --> 00:00:15,680 Speaker 1: what are they good for? I can't remember if I 4 00:00:15,720 --> 00:00:19,640 Speaker 1: came up with that silly fun name or if Josh did. Uh. 5 00:00:19,920 --> 00:00:21,920 Speaker 1: I think it was me, But at any rate, this 6 00:00:21,960 --> 00:00:26,560 Speaker 1: is from septem two thousand twelve, and this is just 7 00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:30,320 Speaker 1: a great episode. It's just a classic stuff you should know. Um. 8 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:33,640 Speaker 1: I'm fascinated by subways and we kind of hit on 9 00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:37,280 Speaker 1: all cylinders on this one, from the creation, invention, and 10 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: history of subways to how they're built today. They're just 11 00:00:40,520 --> 00:00:44,880 Speaker 1: really a pretty remarkable form of transportation and you should 12 00:00:44,880 --> 00:00:48,839 Speaker 1: know more about it. So enjoy subways. Huh what are 13 00:00:48,840 --> 00:00:57,200 Speaker 1: they good for? Right now, welcome to Stuff you Should 14 00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:06,240 Speaker 1: Know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, welcome to 15 00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:10,680 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bright. Uh, 16 00:01:11,680 --> 00:01:16,240 Speaker 1: just sitting there normally right. Yeah, I'm not doing anything unusually. 17 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:19,000 Speaker 1: I think we should have started this with taking the 18 00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:21,680 Speaker 1: A train. I think we should have changed up our music. 19 00:01:22,720 --> 00:01:25,040 Speaker 1: Well let's do that. Okay, how about this all right? 20 00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:35,160 Speaker 1: How we how we are we? Train to find the 21 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:41,399 Speaker 1: quickest way to get long. Um we did, okay, thanks 22 00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:44,520 Speaker 1: thanks to the magic of post production, we did and 23 00:01:44,560 --> 00:01:47,880 Speaker 1: said that was taking the A Train. Who made that song? Boy, 24 00:01:47,920 --> 00:01:50,960 Speaker 1: I don't know who originally composed it, to be honest, Well, 25 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:53,240 Speaker 1: I think I think we should find out. Well who 26 00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:56,520 Speaker 1: who just performed it? Well, there's many versions. Well what's 27 00:01:56,520 --> 00:02:03,120 Speaker 1: the one you selected, like a week from now? Uh, 28 00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:06,680 Speaker 1: I don't know. Did they do A train? Now it's 29 00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:10,440 Speaker 1: a jazz tune? Oh? John Coltrane? Did he do it? 30 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:13,160 Speaker 1: Let's go with Coltrane? Man, maybe I should just do 31 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:18,600 Speaker 1: it and that that that then? Oh? Is that that song? Yeah? 32 00:02:18,639 --> 00:02:21,040 Speaker 1: Thinking the A Train. That's a good song. Is it 33 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:24,040 Speaker 1: instrumental because you know a lot of those instrumentals actually 34 00:02:24,080 --> 00:02:27,680 Speaker 1: have lyrics? What the old jazz tunes? Yeah? Really they 35 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:32,320 Speaker 1: in the train? That's it? That? You're right? Okay, let's 36 00:02:32,320 --> 00:02:35,320 Speaker 1: go with Duke Ellington's version. Duke Ellington did the A 37 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:38,280 Speaker 1: Train at the beginning of this episode. I hoped everyone 38 00:02:38,360 --> 00:02:41,919 Speaker 1: liked it. The Duke. We haven't heard it yet, that's right. Um, 39 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:45,440 Speaker 1: So Chuck, I know that you know what a subway 40 00:02:45,560 --> 00:02:49,040 Speaker 1: is because we've been on the subway together. Yeah. Do 41 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:52,240 Speaker 1: you remember when we were in New York. Um. I 42 00:02:52,320 --> 00:02:56,960 Speaker 1: believe it was for ABC Go, our first little opportunity there, 43 00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:00,000 Speaker 1: and we were going to meet you me. Oh yeah, 44 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:02,560 Speaker 1: and I remember I met you me. Uh that was 45 00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:04,680 Speaker 1: that where in that bar? Afterwards? Well, I mean I 46 00:03:04,720 --> 00:03:05,959 Speaker 1: worked with her, but then I was like, that was 47 00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:08,440 Speaker 1: the first time you ever hung up? Yeah? Exactly. Um. 48 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:10,520 Speaker 1: So we were we were going and that was my 49 00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:13,880 Speaker 1: first time in the New York subway and I remember 50 00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:18,880 Speaker 1: we were looking at the subway and um, the the 51 00:03:19,200 --> 00:03:21,960 Speaker 1: whole thing just turned into like this series of confusing 52 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:24,920 Speaker 1: lines to me and like suddenly I was blind and 53 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:27,800 Speaker 1: like holding your arm and I turned. I had the 54 00:03:27,880 --> 00:03:30,040 Speaker 1: mind of a child, and not even like a really 55 00:03:30,080 --> 00:03:32,640 Speaker 1: bright child either. It was just kind of like what 56 00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:36,760 Speaker 1: does it say? Um? And I can report after being 57 00:03:36,760 --> 00:03:38,640 Speaker 1: back in New York with you me several times that 58 00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:42,800 Speaker 1: I do that to her still, that we're enabling you 59 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:44,760 Speaker 1: was what's going on? I think it is. I think 60 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:46,960 Speaker 1: if you guys had thrown me in and be like 61 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:49,280 Speaker 1: you figured it out, figure it out, I could have, 62 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:52,880 Speaker 1: but I don't have to. Um, and uh, it's kind 63 00:03:52,920 --> 00:03:55,480 Speaker 1: of nice because it's really confusing. So when you go 64 00:03:55,520 --> 00:03:57,680 Speaker 1: to New York, you just kind of like just go 65 00:03:57,880 --> 00:04:01,480 Speaker 1: with Umi's wind wherever she blows kind of but the 66 00:04:01,480 --> 00:04:04,040 Speaker 1: wind is coming from her heavy size. That she's the 67 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:08,760 Speaker 1: one who has to like read the subway map. Yeah. Um, 68 00:04:08,840 --> 00:04:12,400 Speaker 1: But now that I've read this article how subways work, 69 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:15,440 Speaker 1: I don't understand the New York subway system any more 70 00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:18,560 Speaker 1: than I did before I read this article. But I 71 00:04:18,600 --> 00:04:21,680 Speaker 1: can tell you that the rails are made of thirty 72 00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:24,200 Speaker 1: five ft long pieces of carbon steel that are five 73 00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:26,719 Speaker 1: and a half inches tall and one and a half 74 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:31,080 Speaker 1: inches wide, And you could run any train, any train 75 00:04:31,160 --> 00:04:33,919 Speaker 1: on the world, in the world on those rails, not 76 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:36,839 Speaker 1: in the world, but at least in New York, because 77 00:04:36,880 --> 00:04:40,320 Speaker 1: I guess there's different cages, but there is. The New 78 00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:43,479 Speaker 1: York subway system was designed so that you could just 79 00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 1: kind of if you wanted to, like go to Cleveland 80 00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:52,000 Speaker 1: on a subway train, you could, Yeah, that's I was designed. Yeah, 81 00:04:52,040 --> 00:04:53,960 Speaker 1: they could put it on just a regular railway track 82 00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:56,720 Speaker 1: and go to Cleveland. And then you get to Cleveland 83 00:04:56,720 --> 00:04:58,880 Speaker 1: and go, jeez, I want to go back to New York. 84 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:02,280 Speaker 1: Cleveland's where the first stoplight in the country was. Did 85 00:05:02,279 --> 00:05:05,520 Speaker 1: you know that really I like Cleveland. I'm just kidding. 86 00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:10,799 Speaker 1: It's where my home away from home is now. Oh yeah, 87 00:05:11,160 --> 00:05:13,880 Speaker 1: so it was. Now they're an acron, but it's a 88 00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:16,200 Speaker 1: suburb of Cleveland. I never realized that. And I'm from 89 00:05:16,279 --> 00:05:18,800 Speaker 1: Ohio and I didn't realize that it was a suburb. 90 00:05:19,080 --> 00:05:20,839 Speaker 1: It's like half hour or so. I always thought Acro 91 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:28,279 Speaker 1: was more towards Dayton. Yeah, alright, so Dayton, let's talk 92 00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:31,920 Speaker 1: about it, all right, let's talk about subways. The Metro 93 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:38,520 Speaker 1: and France. Five hundred forty seven yards every five forty 94 00:05:38,560 --> 00:05:41,600 Speaker 1: seven yards, you're gonna find a subway station that's pretty good. No, 95 00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:47,040 Speaker 1: not even there. There's no building in Paris that's more 96 00:05:47,080 --> 00:05:51,440 Speaker 1: than five A botch that one. No, but it really 97 00:05:51,520 --> 00:05:55,000 Speaker 1: you helped build up the drama. Okay, Um, the Tube 98 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:58,160 Speaker 1: in London, mind the gap everyone, Um, two hundred and 99 00:05:58,160 --> 00:06:02,440 Speaker 1: seventy five stations and our dear beloved New York subway 100 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:05,839 Speaker 1: system four D and sixty eight as of now packed 101 00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:09,120 Speaker 1: into like two hundred and sixty square miles, which is 102 00:06:09,200 --> 00:06:11,200 Speaker 1: that's pretty impressive. And that's why the New York subway 103 00:06:11,240 --> 00:06:13,839 Speaker 1: system looks like a play of spaghetti. Man. It's really 104 00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:15,479 Speaker 1: tough to read it's not just me. It can't just 105 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:18,080 Speaker 1: be it's not. You just have to zero in on 106 00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:21,800 Speaker 1: your area. And then you're like, oh, just you gotta 107 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:25,040 Speaker 1: blur your eyes and block out everything else. And then 108 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:28,520 Speaker 1: everyone behind you was looking at you like tourists. Yeah, exactly, 109 00:06:28,560 --> 00:06:31,000 Speaker 1: he's got his eyes crossed. And why why is does 110 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:33,360 Speaker 1: that guy next to him look like Ronnie millsap all 111 00:06:33,360 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 1: of a sudden because I saw him walk down here. 112 00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:40,400 Speaker 1: Just the London Underground is the oldest open in eighteen 113 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:44,040 Speaker 1: sixty three, The Metro was next in nine hundred, and 114 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:47,080 Speaker 1: New York not far behind in nineteen o four. And Tracy, 115 00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:49,360 Speaker 1: who wrote a very thorough article this is a Tracy V. 116 00:06:49,520 --> 00:06:52,720 Speaker 1: Wilson Joy. Yeah, you know it's gonna be good. Um. 117 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:55,120 Speaker 1: She points out that this they all kind of happened 118 00:06:55,120 --> 00:06:59,120 Speaker 1: within pretty dense space of time. Because the Industrial Revolution, 119 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:03,080 Speaker 1: people are outing farming and and they're like, screw this, 120 00:07:03,480 --> 00:07:05,560 Speaker 1: I need a decent egg roll. Ye, I'm gonna move 121 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:07,720 Speaker 1: into the city where I can get a job in 122 00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:10,800 Speaker 1: a factory. Well yeah, and before that there weren't jobs 123 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:13,920 Speaker 1: and factories because there weren't factories. Part of the Industrial 124 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:17,440 Speaker 1: Revolution was the rise of factories, everybody threw down their 125 00:07:17,800 --> 00:07:21,600 Speaker 1: grarian tools like scithes, forget this, how I'm out of 126 00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:26,440 Speaker 1: here right right? Clever word play, thank you. Um. And 127 00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:28,560 Speaker 1: they moved to the cities. And when they moved to 128 00:07:28,600 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 1: the cities, all of a sudden there was a lot 129 00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 1: of people who needed to move about and they didn't 130 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:38,240 Speaker 1: have cars, partially because cars hadn't been invented yet, that 131 00:07:38,320 --> 00:07:40,840 Speaker 1: was one reason, but also even beyond that, like not 132 00:07:40,880 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 1: everybody could afford a horse, but they still need to 133 00:07:43,440 --> 00:07:47,040 Speaker 1: get someplace. So it's a good point. City fathers in 134 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:53,040 Speaker 1: these areas Paris London, London first and then Um because 135 00:07:53,080 --> 00:07:55,560 Speaker 1: I think it was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, 136 00:07:56,040 --> 00:07:58,720 Speaker 1: and then and then New York. Um said all right, 137 00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:00,240 Speaker 1: we need to figure out how to move up bunch 138 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:02,840 Speaker 1: of these people at once. And what they came up 139 00:08:02,880 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 1: with was mass transit, but it was all above ground 140 00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:09,040 Speaker 1: mass transit, and it involved horses. Remember the wing Cries 141 00:08:09,080 --> 00:08:14,760 Speaker 1: Typhoid Merry episode. One horse produces twenty pounds of poop 142 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:18,120 Speaker 1: per day, and New York had like a hundred thousand 143 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:20,560 Speaker 1: horses or something like that walking around. Yeah, you know 144 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:24,680 Speaker 1: how much poopa subway train produces zero there's probably a 145 00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:27,760 Speaker 1: couple of guys pooping on the train, but that attribute 146 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:29,960 Speaker 1: that to the guy on the train. That's not really 147 00:08:29,960 --> 00:08:33,599 Speaker 1: the subway. That's true. It is not exhaust as you 148 00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:37,320 Speaker 1: as you would call horses poop um, I wouldn't call it. 149 00:08:38,520 --> 00:08:40,600 Speaker 1: So you're right. They had horse drawn carriages and these 150 00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:44,280 Speaker 1: cool things called omnibusses, which were longer horse drawn carriages. 151 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:50,360 Speaker 1: Now they're known by their slang term bus. Oh yeah, 152 00:08:50,600 --> 00:08:52,480 Speaker 1: that's what that's what a bus. I'm glad you brought 153 00:08:52,520 --> 00:08:55,280 Speaker 1: that up people in New York. Tourists in New York. 154 00:08:55,520 --> 00:08:57,120 Speaker 1: If you're in New York, you got it all figured out. 155 00:08:57,400 --> 00:09:00,960 Speaker 1: But tourist in New York, I would recommend that you 156 00:09:00,960 --> 00:09:03,480 Speaker 1: occasionally take a bus trip. Don't be afraid of the 157 00:09:03,480 --> 00:09:07,360 Speaker 1: bus like a regular bus or a tourist bus double. 158 00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:10,679 Speaker 1: Don't take those. No, a regular bus, you're you're a 159 00:09:10,679 --> 00:09:13,000 Speaker 1: little metro card. You might even know this if you've 160 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:14,760 Speaker 1: just been in New York like once. It works on 161 00:09:14,800 --> 00:09:18,240 Speaker 1: the buses so as well as the subways. And a 162 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:20,280 Speaker 1: lot of times if you're like uptown at the park, 163 00:09:20,640 --> 00:09:23,160 Speaker 1: you're like, man, I can't find a subway stop near me. 164 00:09:23,280 --> 00:09:25,640 Speaker 1: I need to get downtown, just walk to the edge 165 00:09:25,679 --> 00:09:27,480 Speaker 1: and chances are you going to see a bus with 166 00:09:27,520 --> 00:09:30,720 Speaker 1: its own little lane. It's just going south and you 167 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:33,760 Speaker 1: get a nice views of everything you're out out and 168 00:09:33,800 --> 00:09:37,720 Speaker 1: about up above ground. And that's just my advice of tours. 169 00:09:37,760 --> 00:09:39,480 Speaker 1: Don't be afraid of the busses in New York. It 170 00:09:39,520 --> 00:09:41,920 Speaker 1: could be a great way to get around. There's also cabs, 171 00:09:41,960 --> 00:09:47,800 Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, but you know those are expensive, man. Yeah, yeah, 172 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:51,920 Speaker 1: I mean not one Discovery Channel. When I'm there on 173 00:09:51,960 --> 00:09:53,480 Speaker 1: my own dime, I take a lot of buses and 174 00:09:53,520 --> 00:09:57,280 Speaker 1: subway yeah sure, and it's subway yeah yeah, But I 175 00:09:57,320 --> 00:09:59,680 Speaker 1: didn't realize you took the bus. Yeah, buses are great. 176 00:09:59,720 --> 00:10:03,320 Speaker 1: I I had no idea. So you take the bus 177 00:10:03,480 --> 00:10:06,719 Speaker 1: and you know where your local elector lives. That's right, 178 00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:10,400 Speaker 1: that's pretty impressive, Chuck. So what happened with these buses though? 179 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:12,040 Speaker 1: And with all the horse poop? As they said, this 180 00:10:12,080 --> 00:10:14,840 Speaker 1: is getting out of hand. Um, we need to go 181 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:17,920 Speaker 1: underground because there's no more room up here. Yeah. We 182 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:21,000 Speaker 1: we'd love to build trains, but we can't because there's 183 00:10:21,040 --> 00:10:25,560 Speaker 1: too many people, so too many bagel shops. So London 184 00:10:25,600 --> 00:10:30,280 Speaker 1: did it first, right eighteen sixty three is when it opened. Yeah, 185 00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:33,640 Speaker 1: god knows when they started construction. Look at someone knows 186 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:39,360 Speaker 1: God besides God. Um and uh, then within forty years, 187 00:10:39,440 --> 00:10:41,800 Speaker 1: I guess paris open. There is because it was such 188 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:45,880 Speaker 1: a huge success, and I mean it was just brilliant. 189 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:50,400 Speaker 1: The problem is it was also like planning wise, it 190 00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:54,480 Speaker 1: was a brilliant move, but um, construction wise, it like 191 00:10:54,600 --> 00:10:58,280 Speaker 1: makes almost no sense whatsoever. It's like, Hey, where's the 192 00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:02,280 Speaker 1: hardest place we can put this mass transit system. I've 193 00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:07,000 Speaker 1: got it. Yeah, through a river like under bedrock, right, um, 194 00:11:07,040 --> 00:11:11,520 Speaker 1: and basically through every obstacle that we can create that 195 00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:15,080 Speaker 1: we've already created. Yeah, that's a good point. Talk about this. 196 00:11:15,280 --> 00:11:18,280 Speaker 1: These days, they have this really cool machine called the 197 00:11:18,280 --> 00:11:20,599 Speaker 1: tunnel boring machine. Yeah did you see these? Yeah, it 198 00:11:20,640 --> 00:11:24,679 Speaker 1: looks awesome. It's basically like a tremor worm, Yeah, but 199 00:11:24,840 --> 00:11:29,080 Speaker 1: a mechanized one that won't turn on you. Um. And 200 00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:33,520 Speaker 1: I hope people caught that little reference. Which one. So 201 00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:37,040 Speaker 1: this TVM tunnel boring machine um, has discs and scrapers, 202 00:11:37,760 --> 00:11:42,200 Speaker 1: crushes rock into into pebbles and sand. It has like 203 00:11:42,240 --> 00:11:44,240 Speaker 1: a conveyor belt that comes out the back. So it 204 00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:47,600 Speaker 1: is kind of likes it and then dudes get rid 205 00:11:47,640 --> 00:11:50,640 Speaker 1: of that stuff and it actually supports the tunnel as 206 00:11:50,679 --> 00:11:54,719 Speaker 1: it digs and does a really really great job. But um, 207 00:11:54,800 --> 00:11:57,080 Speaker 1: we all love the TV. They're fairly new though. They 208 00:11:57,080 --> 00:11:59,680 Speaker 1: didn't have these back in the day. Um So back 209 00:11:59,679 --> 00:12:01,960 Speaker 1: in the A they had to do it by hand 210 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:09,240 Speaker 1: and picks, shovel dynamite yeah or TNT, depending on where 211 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:14,000 Speaker 1: your preferences lie. Um. Yeah, So this was kind of 212 00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:16,000 Speaker 1: a problem in that you didn't have a conveyor belt. 213 00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:19,160 Speaker 1: You had to use pick. You frequently ran into rock, 214 00:12:19,720 --> 00:12:22,520 Speaker 1: and sometimes you had to dig into the bedrock, which 215 00:12:22,559 --> 00:12:25,600 Speaker 1: you know, bedrock that's just like that's the actual Earth's surface. 216 00:12:25,679 --> 00:12:28,520 Speaker 1: Everything else like mudd and dirt that's just like runoff. 217 00:12:29,360 --> 00:12:32,760 Speaker 1: Did you realize that? Yeah, I just recently realized that 218 00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:36,880 Speaker 1: I've done that for years. But that bedrock, it's kind 219 00:12:36,920 --> 00:12:40,000 Speaker 1: of tough to get through. Yeah. New York City alone, 220 00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:43,400 Speaker 1: um had eight thousand laborers to work on this project, 221 00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:47,800 Speaker 1: about sixty of which died and I don't even know 222 00:12:47,840 --> 00:12:50,280 Speaker 1: if they have account on the injury sustained. Yeah, I'm 223 00:12:50,280 --> 00:12:54,280 Speaker 1: sure it was like sixty a day injured. Do you 224 00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:58,760 Speaker 1: think I don't know, thousands of injuries. Let's just say that, Um, 225 00:12:58,800 --> 00:13:01,920 Speaker 1: did you look up the New Austrian tunneling method? Did 226 00:13:02,280 --> 00:13:03,679 Speaker 1: I want to know about this? I didn't have a 227 00:13:03,760 --> 00:13:06,480 Speaker 1: chance to. I don't. I can't tell you. Please tell 228 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:10,640 Speaker 1: me it is. It had like eight different tenants. So 229 00:13:10,720 --> 00:13:12,840 Speaker 1: it's not so much a method of digging as it 230 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,000 Speaker 1: is a, as Tracy points out, a collection of techniques 231 00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:19,200 Speaker 1: for digging and finding out where to dig. Yeah, where 232 00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:21,640 Speaker 1: to dig and how to dig? Um? So like what 233 00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:28,000 Speaker 1: are they like? No, they're not random like that. But 234 00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:30,560 Speaker 1: you know, we should do an article on tunneling period, 235 00:13:30,559 --> 00:13:33,480 Speaker 1: because it's pretty amazing. And the reason they called it 236 00:13:33,520 --> 00:13:36,600 Speaker 1: the New Austrian method was to distinguish it from the 237 00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:41,160 Speaker 1: old Austrian I guess that they must be the king 238 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:46,280 Speaker 1: tunnel ers like Charles Bunsen. Is he Austrian? Uh no, 239 00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:48,480 Speaker 1: but he was the tunnel or in the Great Escape, 240 00:13:49,120 --> 00:13:54,120 Speaker 1: but he was the tunnel expert. Um. So that that's 241 00:13:54,240 --> 00:13:56,439 Speaker 1: that was from a reservoir dogs. That was a line. 242 00:13:57,360 --> 00:13:59,720 Speaker 1: At one point someone says, he's like Charles Bronson and 243 00:14:00,040 --> 00:14:04,440 Speaker 1: Great Escape, he was digging tunnels. How did they miss 244 00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:07,480 Speaker 1: that line? I don't know. Well, so you just referenced 245 00:14:07,480 --> 00:14:12,040 Speaker 1: the reference of a movie. The method that they use 246 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:14,920 Speaker 1: for a long time, um was the cut and cover method, 247 00:14:14,920 --> 00:14:19,320 Speaker 1: which this is crazy. They like literally rip up a street, 248 00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:22,360 Speaker 1: put a subway there, and then build the street back 249 00:14:22,360 --> 00:14:24,880 Speaker 1: on top. It makes uttering complete sense for a couple 250 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:28,000 Speaker 1: of routes. Number one, subways are meant to serve like 251 00:14:28,160 --> 00:14:32,360 Speaker 1: areas streets, right, It's basically like a street that happens 252 00:14:32,400 --> 00:14:35,320 Speaker 1: to be underground that moves a bunch of people at once. Yeah, okay, 253 00:14:35,440 --> 00:14:38,240 Speaker 1: so following a street makes a lot of sense, especially 254 00:14:38,280 --> 00:14:42,880 Speaker 1: if you're a planner. Um. The problem is you are 255 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:47,280 Speaker 1: completely ripping up a street temporarily because you're what you're 256 00:14:47,280 --> 00:14:51,280 Speaker 1: doing is you're digging a trench and then rebuilding the 257 00:14:51,320 --> 00:14:53,800 Speaker 1: earth above it. But the good thing is is you 258 00:14:53,800 --> 00:14:56,280 Speaker 1: can rebuild the earth above it even stronger. It's like 259 00:14:56,320 --> 00:14:59,120 Speaker 1: Steve Austin or something like that. Right, Yeah, Like you 260 00:14:59,200 --> 00:15:01,600 Speaker 1: dig a trench as far down as you want your 261 00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:06,120 Speaker 1: subway to be, and you put him pilings, you drive 262 00:15:06,160 --> 00:15:09,600 Speaker 1: them down preferably into bedrock if you can, and then 263 00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:13,000 Speaker 1: you put like tresses and beams over those nice buttress 264 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:15,800 Speaker 1: every now and then, yeah, and then you can rebuild 265 00:15:15,840 --> 00:15:19,040 Speaker 1: the ground in the road up above it. You can 266 00:15:19,080 --> 00:15:23,640 Speaker 1: also reroute any um sewer lines, any power lines, any 267 00:15:23,680 --> 00:15:27,440 Speaker 1: anything through these tresses and beings. Frankly, I'm a cut 268 00:15:27,440 --> 00:15:30,960 Speaker 1: and cover method guy. Yeah. Well, it also makes sense 269 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:34,280 Speaker 1: because the streets are probably not gonna You're probably not 270 00:15:34,320 --> 00:15:38,000 Speaker 1: gonna run into as many obstacles. Um, like a basement 271 00:15:38,040 --> 00:15:40,320 Speaker 1: of a major building. Yeah, exactly, because there wouldn't be 272 00:15:40,320 --> 00:15:42,080 Speaker 1: a major building in the middle of the street. There 273 00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:44,600 Speaker 1: was a cool part in The Devil in the White City. 274 00:15:45,040 --> 00:15:47,600 Speaker 1: Did you ever read that man that's on the list? 275 00:15:47,640 --> 00:15:50,160 Speaker 1: Do you like it a lot um where they're talking 276 00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:56,000 Speaker 1: about how Chicago built the first skyscrapers. Yeah, yeah, and um, 277 00:15:56,040 --> 00:16:01,480 Speaker 1: basically they figured out how to float the foundations of 278 00:16:01,520 --> 00:16:04,440 Speaker 1: the building above the bedrock because the bedrock was really 279 00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:07,560 Speaker 1: far down and there was like the sandy shifting soil. 280 00:16:08,360 --> 00:16:10,880 Speaker 1: And I can't remember it specifically, but it's like, Wow, 281 00:16:10,920 --> 00:16:14,880 Speaker 1: I'm I'm riveted by this description of an architectural technique, 282 00:16:15,240 --> 00:16:17,840 Speaker 1: a building technique that they figured out so you didn't 283 00:16:17,840 --> 00:16:24,280 Speaker 1: even need the murders. I found them superfluous. It was 284 00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:27,760 Speaker 1: a good book, and I'm not one for like popular 285 00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:33,600 Speaker 1: fiction like that popular semi fiction, historical fiction. Yeah, it's good. 286 00:16:33,720 --> 00:16:36,840 Speaker 1: I like it. Um. So we're talking about obstacles, and 287 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 1: that is a big problem when you're when you're digging tunnels, 288 00:16:39,600 --> 00:16:44,840 Speaker 1: especially under a city that's already has an infrastructure in place. Um, 289 00:16:44,880 --> 00:16:48,680 Speaker 1: you're going to run into things that you can move. Sometimes, 290 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:51,400 Speaker 1: you're gonna run into things that you can't move sometimes 291 00:16:51,840 --> 00:16:54,040 Speaker 1: that you have to move around. So like, have you 292 00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:57,840 Speaker 1: ever been in a subway, especially New York that really 293 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:00,920 Speaker 1: slows down and takes one of those hard turns. It 294 00:17:01,080 --> 00:17:04,280 Speaker 1: maybe because you know that's the direction you need to 295 00:17:04,280 --> 00:17:06,760 Speaker 1: start going now, but more than likely it's because they 296 00:17:06,760 --> 00:17:10,119 Speaker 1: had to reroute it. Um, especially if it's an old 297 00:17:10,240 --> 00:17:13,040 Speaker 1: section of the subway. Very true, because now you can 298 00:17:13,119 --> 00:17:15,200 Speaker 1: just put the TVM on that thing and it's like 299 00:17:15,320 --> 00:17:18,280 Speaker 1: whatever you need, guys all go get it. Well, yeah, 300 00:17:18,280 --> 00:17:21,160 Speaker 1: but I'm talking more along lines of man made obstructions 301 00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:25,639 Speaker 1: like gas lines, thematic lines. But with with those like 302 00:17:25,880 --> 00:17:28,480 Speaker 1: water lines are probably very tough, but all of those 303 00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:32,880 Speaker 1: can be rerouted. You can basically reroute the line rather 304 00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:35,400 Speaker 1: than reroute the subway line. It probably depends on which 305 00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:38,160 Speaker 1: one is more cost effective, is what they go with. UM. 306 00:17:38,200 --> 00:17:40,080 Speaker 1: You can also Like I said, if you're doing a 307 00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:44,040 Speaker 1: cut and cover method, you can, um, you can basically 308 00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:47,439 Speaker 1: hang those same lines from these you can use the 309 00:17:47,480 --> 00:17:50,879 Speaker 1: beams and tresses as support for those same lines. That's true, 310 00:17:51,040 --> 00:18:23,040 Speaker 1: that makes sense. Uh. Sometimes, as Tracy pointed out, you 311 00:18:23,119 --> 00:18:25,880 Speaker 1: see lines that aren't on any blueprints. You're like, wait 312 00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:28,520 Speaker 1: a minute, what's this big pipe doing here? It doesn't 313 00:18:28,520 --> 00:18:32,919 Speaker 1: show up on any registry that we have for the city. Uh, 314 00:18:33,520 --> 00:18:35,080 Speaker 1: we gotta find out what this is to see if 315 00:18:35,119 --> 00:18:38,040 Speaker 1: we can move it. Yeah, maybe it's old and unused 316 00:18:38,040 --> 00:18:41,000 Speaker 1: and you can throw it away, that'd be great. Maybe 317 00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:44,720 Speaker 1: it's full of dangerous gases, which is not great, or 318 00:18:44,760 --> 00:18:47,640 Speaker 1: full of water, or maybe you hit an aquifer. Yeah, 319 00:18:47,720 --> 00:18:49,879 Speaker 1: water is a big one. Yeah. If you hit an aquifer, 320 00:18:49,960 --> 00:18:52,200 Speaker 1: well you know what that is. That's just a bunch 321 00:18:52,200 --> 00:18:54,960 Speaker 1: of water pooled on top of the bedrock, right, which 322 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:59,520 Speaker 1: is really the surface of the earth. Um, you can 323 00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:02,360 Speaker 1: hit it, quefer. You might have to say across the river, 324 00:19:02,520 --> 00:19:05,240 Speaker 1: like the East River. Um. And when you do that, 325 00:19:05,480 --> 00:19:09,160 Speaker 1: you have to generally tunnel under it, which is extremely 326 00:19:09,240 --> 00:19:11,760 Speaker 1: dangerous because then not only you don't just have a 327 00:19:11,800 --> 00:19:13,679 Speaker 1: street that can collapse on top of you, you have 328 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:15,560 Speaker 1: a river that can collapse on top of you, and 329 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:18,359 Speaker 1: rivers tend to weigh more than streets. Yeah, and you 330 00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:21,600 Speaker 1: can drown and a river you can't drown in a street. Right, 331 00:19:21,880 --> 00:19:24,800 Speaker 1: that's it's full of water. Um. I thought this was 332 00:19:24,840 --> 00:19:27,800 Speaker 1: pretty clever. How they how was it Paris in the 333 00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:31,439 Speaker 1: Seine before we're drowning? So they basically put down like 334 00:19:31,680 --> 00:19:36,159 Speaker 1: pods and then sent compressed air into the pod and 335 00:19:36,200 --> 00:19:39,440 Speaker 1: blew all the water out. And then men went into 336 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:42,480 Speaker 1: these pods and worked. And they use the same thing 337 00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:47,760 Speaker 1: or a similar technique in Um building the Brooklyn Bridge pylons. 338 00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:50,240 Speaker 1: But the problem was like people would come up and 339 00:19:50,280 --> 00:19:54,520 Speaker 1: get the bends from working beneath the water surface but 340 00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:58,280 Speaker 1: in a dry like area compressed air because they were 341 00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:00,720 Speaker 1: down so far and they just come up without thinking 342 00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:03,280 Speaker 1: about it and get the bends. Well, the good news 343 00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:05,680 Speaker 1: is if you're working under the water like that, you're 344 00:20:05,680 --> 00:20:08,440 Speaker 1: probably gonna get a little pay bump like hazard pay 345 00:20:08,480 --> 00:20:11,119 Speaker 1: as they call it. UM. And the other cool thing 346 00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:14,399 Speaker 1: they did in Paris too was they found that um, 347 00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:20,520 Speaker 1: some of this mud and like wet dirt which is mine, 348 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:23,080 Speaker 1: was too hard to deal with, so they froze it 349 00:20:23,119 --> 00:20:26,000 Speaker 1: with calcium chloride, and all of a sudden they removed 350 00:20:26,040 --> 00:20:28,000 Speaker 1: it like it was a big chunk of clay. Yeah, 351 00:20:28,119 --> 00:20:30,440 Speaker 1: pretty neat. It was very clever. And that was old 352 00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:33,200 Speaker 1: timing construction too. I was that back in the day, 353 00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:35,760 Speaker 1: I believe, so I didn't realize that they were that 354 00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:39,280 Speaker 1: clever back then. It's pretty smart. Um. You can also 355 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:44,359 Speaker 1: basically use the cut and cover method and uh, your 356 00:20:44,400 --> 00:20:46,439 Speaker 1: pick on that. And I love that. I'm gonna make 357 00:20:46,440 --> 00:20:49,240 Speaker 1: your t shirt this is cut and cover. I wouldn't 358 00:20:49,240 --> 00:20:53,240 Speaker 1: wear that. It just makes sense to me, Yeah, it does. Um. 359 00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:56,400 Speaker 1: You can use the cut and cover method across the river. 360 00:20:56,560 --> 00:20:59,560 Speaker 1: That's what they did in the San Francisco Bay. Um. 361 00:21:00,119 --> 00:21:04,399 Speaker 1: They basically just cut the tunnel they wanted and prefabricated 362 00:21:04,440 --> 00:21:08,320 Speaker 1: the um sections of the subway tunnel and put it 363 00:21:08,400 --> 00:21:11,080 Speaker 1: in the trench and then just cover it back up 364 00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:13,800 Speaker 1: and I guess like waiting for the water to leak 365 00:21:13,840 --> 00:21:19,000 Speaker 1: out over the course of several decades. UM. In the 366 00:21:19,119 --> 00:21:21,320 Speaker 1: very old cities like Paris, they have also uncovered some 367 00:21:21,359 --> 00:21:29,320 Speaker 1: pretty interesting things, um, like catacombs full of human bones. Yeah, 368 00:21:29,560 --> 00:21:34,359 Speaker 1: there's a whole documentary on that. Yeah, cans quarries very 369 00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:36,000 Speaker 1: deep quarries. This is kind of cool. I thought this 370 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:38,240 Speaker 1: was very cool. Some of the quarries in Paris were 371 00:21:38,680 --> 00:21:42,879 Speaker 1: so deep that they had to actually build bridges, underground 372 00:21:42,960 --> 00:21:45,680 Speaker 1: bridges for the subway to get across. It's an elevated 373 00:21:45,720 --> 00:21:50,119 Speaker 1: train underground. Yeah, and nuts across ancient Roman quarries. Man, 374 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:54,280 Speaker 1: I mean that's crazy. Yeah. Um, there's a lot of 375 00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:59,160 Speaker 1: like cool stuff like that, um, like abandoned subway stations. Yeah, 376 00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:00,919 Speaker 1: if you're into that kind of thing, and I know 377 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:02,840 Speaker 1: a lot of people who listen to us are. There's 378 00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:07,480 Speaker 1: a website called um NYC subway dot org and they 379 00:22:07,520 --> 00:22:12,440 Speaker 1: have like little reports on like stations when they were built, 380 00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:15,920 Speaker 1: when they were decommissioned, why, photos taken of them after 381 00:22:15,960 --> 00:22:19,879 Speaker 1: they were abandoned. And there's actually a little trick, chuck 382 00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:23,440 Speaker 1: um where if you were on the six train and 383 00:22:23,480 --> 00:22:25,600 Speaker 1: now you're talking about do you I think so the 384 00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:28,560 Speaker 1: City Hall stop. Yeah. So if you're on the six 385 00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:31,679 Speaker 1: train and you're headed towards the Brooklyn Bridge stop and 386 00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:36,280 Speaker 1: you stay on right, the train will actually go around 387 00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:38,440 Speaker 1: a loop to turn around and go the other way. 388 00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:42,879 Speaker 1: That loop goes through an old abandoned um metro stop 389 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:48,840 Speaker 1: or m T a stop, and um, it's this incredible 390 00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:53,560 Speaker 1: stained glass architecture, like preserved turn of the century subway 391 00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:56,520 Speaker 1: station that's just like frozen in time. It was in 392 00:22:56,680 --> 00:23:00,440 Speaker 1: operation from like nineteen and they used to make everybody 393 00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:03,000 Speaker 1: get off at Brooklyn Bridge, but now they'll let people 394 00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:05,600 Speaker 1: stay on and do they y Because I couldn't find 395 00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:08,200 Speaker 1: recent information. I saw an article today that said they 396 00:23:08,200 --> 00:23:10,480 Speaker 1: did that for a while. A Noo, they're not, and 397 00:23:10,480 --> 00:23:14,200 Speaker 1: then I saw another one that said, no, you can. Um, 398 00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:17,320 Speaker 1: I wonder if it's just arbitrary, like depending on I 399 00:23:17,359 --> 00:23:19,440 Speaker 1: know that they cleaned it up in two thousand four 400 00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:21,280 Speaker 1: and made it like kind of I don't think they 401 00:23:21,359 --> 00:23:23,879 Speaker 1: like put tons of money towards restoration, but they cleaned 402 00:23:23,880 --> 00:23:26,199 Speaker 1: it up really nice and allowed like light to come 403 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:28,439 Speaker 1: through the stained glass and for a little while they 404 00:23:28,520 --> 00:23:30,399 Speaker 1: let people stop and get off and kind of tour it. 405 00:23:31,119 --> 00:23:33,280 Speaker 1: But I know they shut that down. Yeah, because the 406 00:23:33,320 --> 00:23:35,200 Speaker 1: whole reason, well, one of the big reasons they showed 407 00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:38,320 Speaker 1: it done because there's such a tight curve that the um, 408 00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:42,280 Speaker 1: the modern subway cars can't sit flush up against the platform, 409 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:44,719 Speaker 1: so there's a pretty big gap that people would have 410 00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:47,199 Speaker 1: to jump over to get off. So I can imagine 411 00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:49,000 Speaker 1: you can't get off, but from what I saw it 412 00:23:49,119 --> 00:23:53,200 Speaker 1: was a two article it said you can stay on. Now. Well, 413 00:23:53,240 --> 00:23:55,240 Speaker 1: I've been meaning to check that out. I'm going in November. 414 00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:57,680 Speaker 1: I'll check it out. Yeah, dude, let me know, report back. 415 00:23:57,880 --> 00:24:03,199 Speaker 1: I will report back. Okay. Um, So, rolling stock or 416 00:24:03,240 --> 00:24:06,440 Speaker 1: what these trains are actually called. And in some cities 417 00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:11,200 Speaker 1: the rolling stock is automated, like Denmark. The one they're 418 00:24:11,200 --> 00:24:14,160 Speaker 1: building now doesn't have drivers, which is kind of neat. 419 00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:18,560 Speaker 1: They have like you know, laser beams and uh and 420 00:24:18,920 --> 00:24:23,560 Speaker 1: all these crazy surveillance systems to drive the train. The 421 00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:31,280 Speaker 1: computerized what no, what they do and um, they navigate it. 422 00:24:31,359 --> 00:24:34,880 Speaker 1: They use break heat to generate power. They will even 423 00:24:34,920 --> 00:24:37,760 Speaker 1: let you know, someone stuck in the door. Um yeah, 424 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:40,399 Speaker 1: we'll open the door back up and did not drive away? 425 00:24:40,520 --> 00:24:43,360 Speaker 1: Not drive away while someone stuck. In New York, they're 426 00:24:43,359 --> 00:24:46,720 Speaker 1: actually trying out some of these now too. Actually yeah, 427 00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:50,400 Speaker 1: I didn't see when this article was written, but they were. 428 00:24:50,560 --> 00:24:55,560 Speaker 1: They were. Tracy made mention of the um the addition 429 00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:57,959 Speaker 1: that's being made to Long Island. Is this going on 430 00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:03,120 Speaker 1: still and like just this e vamping that's going on constant, Well, 431 00:25:03,160 --> 00:25:05,600 Speaker 1: the revamping I think it was a seventeen billion dollar 432 00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:09,960 Speaker 1: bid in ninety four and there adding new lines or 433 00:25:09,960 --> 00:25:12,199 Speaker 1: trying to spruce up the trains and like you know, 434 00:25:12,280 --> 00:25:16,920 Speaker 1: replace the old cars. They're improving the air circulation, which 435 00:25:16,920 --> 00:25:20,840 Speaker 1: she points out like just because it's open up top 436 00:25:20,960 --> 00:25:22,640 Speaker 1: and a little bit of air can get in, doesn't 437 00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:24,160 Speaker 1: mean you don't have to have like a massive air 438 00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:27,480 Speaker 1: circulation system. If you've ever been like deep within the 439 00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:30,920 Speaker 1: bowels of the subway system, then you might be wondering 440 00:25:31,040 --> 00:25:35,280 Speaker 1: if it's working properly. But it is, or you'd be dead. Yeah, 441 00:25:35,320 --> 00:25:39,200 Speaker 1: you'd die. Yeah, Yeah, they're the It takes a tremendous 442 00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:41,879 Speaker 1: amount of air to be recirculated to allow humans to 443 00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:46,320 Speaker 1: live underground. I think she said something was six thousand 444 00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:49,359 Speaker 1: cubic feet of fresh air per minute. Is what is 445 00:25:49,400 --> 00:25:51,359 Speaker 1: what they're shooting for. I don't think it's there now, 446 00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:55,600 Speaker 1: but that's their goal. Should we talk about some of 447 00:25:55,640 --> 00:26:01,000 Speaker 1: the signals, Yeah, train signals. Yeah, so um before a 448 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:05,119 Speaker 1: long long time ago, when a driver reached a stoplight 449 00:26:05,200 --> 00:26:07,199 Speaker 1: and had to come to a stop, they had to 450 00:26:07,200 --> 00:26:09,320 Speaker 1: put a key in and turn it to reset the 451 00:26:09,320 --> 00:26:12,360 Speaker 1: stoplight and be able to drive. And there's a term 452 00:26:12,400 --> 00:26:15,679 Speaker 1: called keing buy that they still use, so they do 453 00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:19,639 Speaker 1: still use it. Now it's much more automated. Um, but 454 00:26:19,880 --> 00:26:22,840 Speaker 1: there's there's still a set of signals where it's like stop, 455 00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:27,040 Speaker 1: proceed with caution, green light, you know, just go as 456 00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:29,679 Speaker 1: fast as you can. They do a speed limits. Yeah, 457 00:26:29,880 --> 00:26:33,800 Speaker 1: of course. Yeah, they're posted too, aren't they. Uh yeah, 458 00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:38,439 Speaker 1: I mean the driver can see them at least imagine 459 00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:40,000 Speaker 1: if you were looking and you're up front, you could 460 00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:42,359 Speaker 1: probably see him and to have the drive around the 461 00:26:42,359 --> 00:26:45,240 Speaker 1: shoulder and be like we're going way faster than that. Yeah. 462 00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:47,320 Speaker 1: I mean Marta here in Atlanta, which is sort of 463 00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:50,040 Speaker 1: a subway, you can, um, I mean you can ride 464 00:26:50,040 --> 00:26:52,200 Speaker 1: it right up front by the the person. And I've 465 00:26:52,240 --> 00:26:53,960 Speaker 1: done this many times and just kind of spide in 466 00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:56,719 Speaker 1: on how you drive the Marta train, and every time 467 00:26:56,760 --> 00:26:58,440 Speaker 1: I look, I'm like, I could totally drive this thing 468 00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:01,840 Speaker 1: right now. Yeah. Yeah, dude. It's just like it's got 469 00:27:01,880 --> 00:27:04,920 Speaker 1: a little forward lever and a neutral and a reverse 470 00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:08,400 Speaker 1: and a break and then that's pretty much it. Yeah, 471 00:27:08,440 --> 00:27:10,000 Speaker 1: I could go do it right now. You can drive 472 00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:13,920 Speaker 1: it through arms costs, right Mark, have you seen it's 473 00:27:13,960 --> 00:27:16,480 Speaker 1: been going around Facebook? The Marta map compared to the 474 00:27:16,520 --> 00:27:21,399 Speaker 1: rest of the world's Facebook. Oh, it's like New York, London, Paris, 475 00:27:21,400 --> 00:27:22,800 Speaker 1: and they all look like a play a spaghetti And 476 00:27:22,840 --> 00:27:25,639 Speaker 1: then it's Atlanta with its little plus sign plus sign 477 00:27:26,080 --> 00:27:30,360 Speaker 1: it's got two branches. But I will argue that, I mean, 478 00:27:30,440 --> 00:27:32,800 Speaker 1: it does suck in a way. But I will argue 479 00:27:32,800 --> 00:27:36,240 Speaker 1: that Atlanta didn't build its subway in eighteen sixty three. 480 00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:40,840 Speaker 1: They built it in like nineteen seventies something, and but yeah, 481 00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:42,960 Speaker 1: it stopped. Okay, I was gonna say this isn't a 482 00:27:42,960 --> 00:27:45,800 Speaker 1: work in progress. No, they've added some stuff since. Yeah, 483 00:27:45,840 --> 00:27:48,440 Speaker 1: a little bit, but really it's pretty bad. It does 484 00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:51,359 Speaker 1: suck in every way. I mean it's it's great if 485 00:27:51,400 --> 00:27:53,119 Speaker 1: it goes from the one place you need to go 486 00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:56,119 Speaker 1: to the other place you need to go. And chances 487 00:27:56,160 --> 00:27:59,240 Speaker 1: are that's not the case, and it sometimes it does though, 488 00:27:59,440 --> 00:28:02,080 Speaker 1: especially if you live near a rail line. But even still, 489 00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:05,760 Speaker 1: you make one big l Yeah, I mean it's great 490 00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:08,640 Speaker 1: for me. I'm like Falcon's game day, you know, hop 491 00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:12,520 Speaker 1: right down the street, hop on there, my brown bag, 492 00:28:13,119 --> 00:28:15,680 Speaker 1: hop off them right at the stadium. Yeah, it's nice. 493 00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:21,080 Speaker 1: You're brown bag, so you know for hyperventilation right in 494 00:28:21,080 --> 00:28:23,520 Speaker 1: case something bad goes down in case the six hundred 495 00:28:23,600 --> 00:28:26,800 Speaker 1: thousand cubic leaders of errors that moved through that most 496 00:28:26,800 --> 00:28:29,560 Speaker 1: of Atlanta is above groundway. Really, that's what I'm saying. 497 00:28:29,560 --> 00:28:32,359 Speaker 1: It sucks in every way. Uh, these things run on 498 00:28:32,359 --> 00:28:36,200 Speaker 1: electricity these days, not like the old steam train days. Yeah. 499 00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:39,560 Speaker 1: I don't even know that was worth mentioning. Well, I 500 00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:41,960 Speaker 1: think so because you have the third rail that everyone 501 00:28:41,960 --> 00:28:45,560 Speaker 1: knows is very dangerous. Yeah, six volts in New York 502 00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:48,280 Speaker 1: and you have a hundred and twenty coming into your house. 503 00:28:48,680 --> 00:28:53,080 Speaker 1: Really yeah, oh wow, so it'll get you. It'll fry 504 00:28:53,080 --> 00:28:56,160 Speaker 1: a rap. They're not kidding. Sometimes the third rail is 505 00:28:56,200 --> 00:28:58,800 Speaker 1: between the two tracks. Sometimes it's on the outside, and 506 00:28:58,840 --> 00:29:01,920 Speaker 1: then you generally have a a brush or a shoe 507 00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:06,080 Speaker 1: sliding shoe or a wheel that connects to that and 508 00:29:06,120 --> 00:29:10,400 Speaker 1: that supplies power to the train. And um, they used 509 00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:13,280 Speaker 1: to have its own power plant to run the subway 510 00:29:13,320 --> 00:29:16,960 Speaker 1: system in New York. I guess these days they just 511 00:29:17,160 --> 00:29:20,720 Speaker 1: mooch it from everyone. You know, if you follow a 512 00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:24,360 Speaker 1: chord in the subway, it's actually going into somebody's living room. 513 00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:58,600 Speaker 1: It's coming through the window. All right. I think the 514 00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:01,080 Speaker 1: fact of the podcast, I'll give it to you, But 515 00:30:01,160 --> 00:30:04,800 Speaker 1: to me, it's the geometry train. Yeah. I've seen these before, 516 00:30:04,840 --> 00:30:08,920 Speaker 1: but um you have I've seen ones that were just there. 517 00:30:08,920 --> 00:30:11,360 Speaker 1: It looks like a little platform or something like that 518 00:30:11,920 --> 00:30:18,360 Speaker 1: going to buy. Yeah, well, or I've dreamt one. Uh yeah, 519 00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:22,680 Speaker 1: this one in the diagrams like full of computers and people. 520 00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:25,960 Speaker 1: I haven't seen that. But basically a geometry train, like 521 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:30,400 Speaker 1: if you have you know, hundreds and thousands and millions 522 00:30:30,440 --> 00:30:33,520 Speaker 1: of miles of subway track and some of it dates 523 00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:38,479 Speaker 1: back a hundred years um thanks to seismic activity, fire 524 00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:44,560 Speaker 1: um weather people. Yes, all this stuff is going to 525 00:30:44,760 --> 00:30:47,720 Speaker 1: basically pull your tracks out of alignment, and tracks need 526 00:30:47,760 --> 00:30:50,200 Speaker 1: to be fairly precise to keep trains from like hopping 527 00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:55,200 Speaker 1: off right so to um, to basically keep or find 528 00:30:55,280 --> 00:30:58,040 Speaker 1: i should say, the rails that are out of alignment. 529 00:30:58,080 --> 00:31:00,360 Speaker 1: They have this thing called the geometry train, which have 530 00:31:00,600 --> 00:31:03,680 Speaker 1: your lasers, say you're so fond of and uh. It 531 00:31:03,760 --> 00:31:06,360 Speaker 1: basically just goes down the track every track. And these 532 00:31:06,360 --> 00:31:08,280 Speaker 1: things are running like twenty four hours a day, seven 533 00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:10,160 Speaker 1: days a week. Um. Yeah, the one in New York 534 00:31:10,240 --> 00:31:13,240 Speaker 1: runs at all times and uh, and you would think 535 00:31:13,240 --> 00:31:15,800 Speaker 1: it would have to I wonder how long it takes 536 00:31:15,800 --> 00:31:19,840 Speaker 1: for a geometry train to hit every Yeah, man, that's 537 00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:22,760 Speaker 1: a good question. It's gotta take years. But anyway, it 538 00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:26,720 Speaker 1: just rides along and takes precise measurements of the alignment 539 00:31:26,760 --> 00:31:29,440 Speaker 1: of the tracks, and anything that's over one point to 540 00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:32,880 Speaker 1: five inches out of alignment, there's a report that's filed 541 00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:35,720 Speaker 1: and says, go fix that track. And they also, just 542 00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:39,800 Speaker 1: as an added bonus, the geometry train finds hot spots 543 00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:43,520 Speaker 1: using heat centers and shoots them with fire extinguishers. Like 544 00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:46,120 Speaker 1: if there's something flammable near the track that could uh 545 00:31:46,680 --> 00:31:50,760 Speaker 1: combusta whether it's like a Derrito's bag, a cool ranch 546 00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:55,760 Speaker 1: Derrito's bag, Uh, any kind of Derrito's bag. Well, the 547 00:31:55,840 --> 00:31:59,040 Speaker 1: dude probably already toast. Anyway, he's on the third rail, 548 00:31:59,080 --> 00:32:01,640 Speaker 1: he is, And uh, that's a good reference for our 549 00:32:01,680 --> 00:32:06,440 Speaker 1: spontaneous combustion podcasts. In New York City and in many cities, 550 00:32:06,480 --> 00:32:09,120 Speaker 1: the fair does not cover the costs of running this 551 00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:13,760 Speaker 1: massive system about half yeah in New York. So um, 552 00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:16,160 Speaker 1: if you're complaining about the price of a subway New York, 553 00:32:16,280 --> 00:32:19,080 Speaker 1: just remember it could be double yeah if they were 554 00:32:19,160 --> 00:32:22,600 Speaker 1: to cover all the costs. So counter blessings New Yorkers. Yeah, 555 00:32:22,720 --> 00:32:25,520 Speaker 1: don't complain to me and thank New York for big government. 556 00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:32,480 Speaker 1: Do you like the subway? Uh? Tracy points out that 557 00:32:32,600 --> 00:32:36,360 Speaker 1: the subways and at least the tunnels over the years 558 00:32:36,360 --> 00:32:41,600 Speaker 1: have been the site of refuge and terror. That was 559 00:32:41,640 --> 00:32:44,560 Speaker 1: a great setup. That's true though, Oh yeah, it is 560 00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:49,520 Speaker 1: um during World War one and two in London and Paris. 561 00:32:49,560 --> 00:32:54,560 Speaker 1: I believe people saw cover against air raids um in 562 00:32:55,080 --> 00:32:57,880 Speaker 1: the subways. And but world War one it was like 563 00:32:57,920 --> 00:33:01,400 Speaker 1: that's when they were dropping bricks on each other, Like really, 564 00:33:01,440 --> 00:33:03,320 Speaker 1: that's how you would take down a plane. You fly 565 00:33:03,480 --> 00:33:06,040 Speaker 1: over another airplane and drop a brick and just go 566 00:33:06,200 --> 00:33:09,520 Speaker 1: right through a wing, and that was that for the plane. Yeah. 567 00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:12,200 Speaker 1: I thought they at least had the little tube like 568 00:33:12,280 --> 00:33:15,800 Speaker 1: the and it would shoot something like this somewhere mortar, 569 00:33:15,840 --> 00:33:19,200 Speaker 1: but that's ground based, that's those are mortars. Yeah. Well, yeah, 570 00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:21,480 Speaker 1: I guess you would still need to take refuge against 571 00:33:21,520 --> 00:33:23,960 Speaker 1: the mortar. Doesn't have to be a plane, and a 572 00:33:24,040 --> 00:33:27,840 Speaker 1: mortar comes through an air So yeah, air raid if 573 00:33:27,880 --> 00:33:31,160 Speaker 1: you want to get technical. But yes, world War two 574 00:33:31,200 --> 00:33:35,320 Speaker 1: for sure, Yes, during the blitz um of London. There 575 00:33:35,360 --> 00:33:38,800 Speaker 1: are a lot of people underground in the tube seeking 576 00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:42,440 Speaker 1: help and shelter. That's right, as are the mold people. Um, 577 00:33:42,480 --> 00:33:45,600 Speaker 1: if you haven't seen the documentary Dark Days highly recommended, 578 00:33:45,720 --> 00:33:48,320 Speaker 1: is that about the mold people? Or this is like 579 00:33:48,440 --> 00:33:50,400 Speaker 1: the there's a it's a group of homeless people. They 580 00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:53,360 Speaker 1: don't identify themselves as mold. Mold people is one of 581 00:33:53,400 --> 00:33:57,360 Speaker 1: those terms that you know, the people above ground made up? Uh, 582 00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:00,680 Speaker 1: somewhat sensational. But there are people live underground. Some I 583 00:34:00,760 --> 00:34:03,160 Speaker 1: haven't been up in a long long time. In this 584 00:34:03,240 --> 00:34:06,040 Speaker 1: dude made the documentary. I think he actually went underground 585 00:34:06,040 --> 00:34:08,520 Speaker 1: and lived there for a couple of years to do this. Yeah. Yeah, 586 00:34:08,520 --> 00:34:11,000 Speaker 1: so he wasn't like, you know, I'll be down there 587 00:34:11,000 --> 00:34:13,640 Speaker 1: for a few hours on Wednesday, but then I everybody 588 00:34:13,680 --> 00:34:15,799 Speaker 1: lost appointment after that, so I need to get back 589 00:34:15,840 --> 00:34:22,520 Speaker 1: above ground. Um. And then everyone remembers the Tokyo sarin 590 00:34:22,560 --> 00:34:28,360 Speaker 1: gas episode killed twelve people. Sure that was incredibly frightening, Um, 591 00:34:28,440 --> 00:34:36,719 Speaker 1: London thousand and five seven seven it was July. Oh yeah, 592 00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:39,719 Speaker 1: was that significant or no? That's just how they refer 593 00:34:39,800 --> 00:34:41,480 Speaker 1: to it, like we referred to nine eleven is nine 594 00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:46,719 Speaker 1: eleven seven interesting? And then in our own nine eleven Um, 595 00:34:46,760 --> 00:34:50,200 Speaker 1: it destroyed subway station and damaged some of the track. 596 00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:53,239 Speaker 1: I think we talked about that in the UM nine 597 00:34:53,280 --> 00:34:56,279 Speaker 1: eleven memorial episode. I think you're right, and didn't they 598 00:34:56,280 --> 00:34:59,200 Speaker 1: preserve it somehow? Like they're one of the trains is 599 00:34:59,239 --> 00:35:02,080 Speaker 1: going to be in the museum. I think so, because 600 00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:03,800 Speaker 1: that rang a bell to me. I'm gonna hit that 601 00:35:03,880 --> 00:35:06,200 Speaker 1: up in November as well. Oh man, I can't wait 602 00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:09,520 Speaker 1: to go to that. It's going to be something else. Um. 603 00:35:09,640 --> 00:35:13,640 Speaker 1: Originally you had tickets, then that became coins. These days 604 00:35:14,120 --> 00:35:16,919 Speaker 1: you might have an R F I D ticket. Um. 605 00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:19,040 Speaker 1: I think I was. I was in Switzerland. It was 606 00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:23,279 Speaker 1: like an honor system thing. Really. Yeah. I remember being 607 00:35:23,280 --> 00:35:25,920 Speaker 1: there and looking around like I don't see like where 608 00:35:25,960 --> 00:35:28,399 Speaker 1: you put the ticket in or anything. I think it's 609 00:35:28,440 --> 00:35:30,880 Speaker 1: just on our system. It was either Switzerland or Sweden. 610 00:35:31,520 --> 00:35:33,759 Speaker 1: I think it's Switzerland. And I just remember thinking these 611 00:35:33,760 --> 00:35:38,080 Speaker 1: people are crazy, Like, so you just didn't pay a 612 00:35:38,120 --> 00:35:41,040 Speaker 1: cent just to teach them a lesson? Yeah, no, I 613 00:35:41,040 --> 00:35:45,680 Speaker 1: paid my fare, so chuck, train car, if you are 614 00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:50,279 Speaker 1: a train car, how how many axles are you going 615 00:35:50,360 --> 00:35:52,200 Speaker 1: to go through? If you're in New York, if you're 616 00:35:52,239 --> 00:35:55,400 Speaker 1: part of their system in your lifetime, well, you're gonna 617 00:35:55,400 --> 00:35:59,640 Speaker 1: live about forty to fifty years. Um, you will go 618 00:35:59,680 --> 00:36:03,320 Speaker 1: through twenty four axles and twenty four motors over the span, 619 00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:06,640 Speaker 1: So that'll be two years. You're gonna get gussied up 620 00:36:06,640 --> 00:36:10,120 Speaker 1: a little. You're gonna get forty eight wheels over that time. Yeah, 621 00:36:10,280 --> 00:36:12,680 Speaker 1: not bad, not at once. And at the end of 622 00:36:12,719 --> 00:36:15,600 Speaker 1: your lifespan, they will dumpy in the ocean off the 623 00:36:15,640 --> 00:36:18,319 Speaker 1: coast of South Carolina. Have you seen pictures of that? Yeah? Yeah, 624 00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:21,920 Speaker 1: I found a whole little gallery. It's only like ten pictures. 625 00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:26,560 Speaker 1: But um on fast Code design um dot com they 626 00:36:26,560 --> 00:36:30,440 Speaker 1: have it's called surreal photos of subway cars being thrown 627 00:36:30,440 --> 00:36:33,319 Speaker 1: into the ocean. It is surreal. It's really because you 628 00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:35,600 Speaker 1: look at that and you're like, no, how get you? Yeah? 629 00:36:35,719 --> 00:36:39,239 Speaker 1: And then oh it's good for the environment somehow, right, 630 00:36:39,960 --> 00:36:41,920 Speaker 1: as long as they take the gas out first in 631 00:36:41,960 --> 00:36:44,279 Speaker 1: the oil. All right. So I got some more little 632 00:36:44,320 --> 00:36:48,360 Speaker 1: fun things. Uh. The overhaul and repair shop on Coney 633 00:36:48,400 --> 00:36:51,640 Speaker 1: Island is where it all goes down. Um. They have 634 00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:57,279 Speaker 1: over one to three over five thousand square feet of 635 00:36:57,280 --> 00:37:01,080 Speaker 1: shop space. We just counted that fast. I just you know, 636 00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:08,080 Speaker 1: five what was it kind of each square foot? Um? 637 00:37:08,120 --> 00:37:10,120 Speaker 1: And this is where everything goes to get worked one 638 00:37:10,239 --> 00:37:14,239 Speaker 1: in New York. Everything they can even work on regular trains. UM. 639 00:37:14,320 --> 00:37:17,719 Speaker 1: They can store eighteen hundred subway cars there and they 640 00:37:17,719 --> 00:37:28,440 Speaker 1: have a car wash that UM Subway car wash. It 641 00:37:28,520 --> 00:37:32,120 Speaker 1: cleans the exteriors of over one thousand cars once a week, 642 00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:35,799 Speaker 1: and that's fifty thousand washes in a year. It's a 643 00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:38,440 Speaker 1: lot of washes. Then they just came out with the 644 00:37:38,480 --> 00:37:41,319 Speaker 1: new UM survey on the New York subway system and 645 00:37:41,360 --> 00:37:44,160 Speaker 1: the Q line was ranked the number one line. Which 646 00:37:44,239 --> 00:37:49,280 Speaker 1: where is that, I'm not sure. So Q runs between 647 00:37:49,280 --> 00:37:52,560 Speaker 1: Coney Island still all Avenue in Brooklyn and Astoria did 648 00:37:52,640 --> 00:37:57,120 Speaker 1: miz Bolevard and Queens So in other words, that's the 649 00:37:57,160 --> 00:38:00,879 Speaker 1: one no one takes. So it's very clean. It's very clean. 650 00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:02,440 Speaker 1: And for the fourth year in a row, the Sea 651 00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:05,920 Speaker 1: train was ranked as the worst UM. It failed an 652 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:09,960 Speaker 1: all four measures amount of scheduled service delays caused by 653 00:38:10,040 --> 00:38:15,600 Speaker 1: mechanical breakdowns, cleanliness, and announcements UM. Whether or not the 654 00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:19,919 Speaker 1: announcements like or even something you can hear makes sense, 655 00:38:19,960 --> 00:38:22,360 Speaker 1: or whether it's just garbled mess. Get see this is 656 00:38:22,360 --> 00:38:27,040 Speaker 1: why I can't like I can't do it by myself. Yeah, 657 00:38:27,040 --> 00:38:28,920 Speaker 1: well you certainly don't get any help most of the 658 00:38:28,960 --> 00:38:35,320 Speaker 1: time from the the conductor. Yeah, driver, Yeah, we should 659 00:38:35,320 --> 00:38:39,440 Speaker 1: we should know this. I would think conductor, ticket taker, 660 00:38:39,680 --> 00:38:43,160 Speaker 1: ticket taker. Uh. And then New York ranks number seven 661 00:38:43,200 --> 00:38:48,360 Speaker 1: and ridership in the world. Tokyo was first, Moscow, Beijing, Shanghai, 662 00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:55,719 Speaker 1: soul Ah Quangs. How where's that China is it? I 663 00:38:55,760 --> 00:38:59,120 Speaker 1: would imagine, Well, I mean that's a Chinese word. I 664 00:38:59,239 --> 00:39:03,000 Speaker 1: just haven't heard of a Paris, Mexico city in Hong Kong. 665 00:39:03,280 --> 00:39:05,759 Speaker 1: London is not even in the top ten, and that's 666 00:39:05,800 --> 00:39:10,680 Speaker 1: the number one. Um. But you know why, because World 667 00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:14,279 Speaker 1: War two happened and everybody got cars afterwards. Yeah, that's true, 668 00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:16,279 Speaker 1: and a lot of subway lines just kind of fell 669 00:39:16,320 --> 00:39:19,680 Speaker 1: into disrepair, and like a whole generation was raised without 670 00:39:19,719 --> 00:39:22,880 Speaker 1: really using subways. Yeah, and black cabs are so roomy 671 00:39:22,960 --> 00:39:26,560 Speaker 1: and private. But not just in London, in UM, the 672 00:39:26,719 --> 00:39:29,759 Speaker 1: in the United States especially. That's true. Yeah, because we 673 00:39:29,800 --> 00:39:32,440 Speaker 1: talked about the l A H and why the cars 674 00:39:32,640 --> 00:39:37,080 Speaker 1: become the predominant form of transportation um number of miles 675 00:39:37,080 --> 00:39:41,480 Speaker 1: traveled by an average subway car um in between repairs 676 00:39:41,520 --> 00:39:45,040 Speaker 1: in New York that was seven thousand, two thousand, eleven 677 00:39:45,200 --> 00:39:48,759 Speaker 1: hundred and seventy two. But I think that means they're 678 00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:52,320 Speaker 1: taking better care of them, not that they're just chirking 679 00:39:52,320 --> 00:39:56,480 Speaker 1: the responsibilities New York. In two thousand eleven, all the 680 00:39:56,520 --> 00:40:00,280 Speaker 1: subways combined traveled three hundred forty two million miles else 681 00:40:01,600 --> 00:40:04,960 Speaker 1: and in total, New York's four d and sixty eight 682 00:40:05,040 --> 00:40:08,480 Speaker 1: stations are only sixty fewer than the rest of the 683 00:40:08,520 --> 00:40:12,479 Speaker 1: subway systems in the United States combined. Wow, pretty cool. 684 00:40:13,200 --> 00:40:15,719 Speaker 1: That's my favorite for sure. And end to end they 685 00:40:15,760 --> 00:40:17,839 Speaker 1: always have these. If you laid the tracks end to end, 686 00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:21,520 Speaker 1: New York cities would go from New York to Chicago. 687 00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:25,840 Speaker 1: That's it, I thought for sure or something. Now just 688 00:40:25,880 --> 00:40:29,719 Speaker 1: New York to Chicago. Yeah, I'm a little disappointed in 689 00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:31,920 Speaker 1: the lowest station. If you've ever felt a little weird 690 00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:35,600 Speaker 1: is a hundred ninety first Street in Manhattan. That's because 691 00:40:35,640 --> 00:40:40,520 Speaker 1: you are hundred and eighty feet below ground. Crazy. Probably 692 00:40:40,680 --> 00:40:44,120 Speaker 1: shift it ran into a shift problem, the ready to 693 00:40:44,200 --> 00:40:46,239 Speaker 1: go down. You should tell people what that is. Well, 694 00:40:46,280 --> 00:40:49,120 Speaker 1: it's very hard rock. It's a metamorphic rock. It sends 695 00:40:49,200 --> 00:40:52,719 Speaker 1: the flake rather than break, so it's very hard to 696 00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:56,279 Speaker 1: get through that's my motto, flake don't break. Right. We 697 00:40:56,400 --> 00:40:59,080 Speaker 1: came up with like three mottos and catchphrases in this 698 00:40:59,239 --> 00:41:02,680 Speaker 1: one cut and cover, flake don't break. And I guess 699 00:41:02,800 --> 00:41:06,560 Speaker 1: don't take the C train? Is that maybe? And the 700 00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:09,080 Speaker 1: C train is like it's insult to injury because I 701 00:41:09,160 --> 00:41:11,520 Speaker 1: think the A, C and E or like the Blue line, 702 00:41:12,360 --> 00:41:14,200 Speaker 1: and the A and the E are doing pretty well. 703 00:41:14,560 --> 00:41:16,919 Speaker 1: And the Sea is like the ugly step child where 704 00:41:17,680 --> 00:41:20,120 Speaker 1: where oh it goes all over like you can get 705 00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:22,479 Speaker 1: it down in the West village and then I believe 706 00:41:22,560 --> 00:41:25,200 Speaker 1: it goes north and then cuts over somewhere around Midtown, 707 00:41:25,239 --> 00:41:27,719 Speaker 1: then goes up the east side. I think it doesn't 708 00:41:27,719 --> 00:41:31,320 Speaker 1: go into Brooklyn. I don't think so is it the 709 00:41:31,480 --> 00:41:35,279 Speaker 1: L train. I don't remember you know more than I. 710 00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:37,440 Speaker 1: I just I missed the old and I guess they 711 00:41:37,480 --> 00:41:40,000 Speaker 1: still have some. But the old red like the seven 712 00:41:40,040 --> 00:41:42,080 Speaker 1: train I remember had those old red trains that look 713 00:41:42,160 --> 00:41:46,160 Speaker 1: like trains. They didn't look like subways, and I don't 714 00:41:46,280 --> 00:41:48,719 Speaker 1: they look like regular locomotives. To me, I like my 715 00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:52,080 Speaker 1: subways to look like subways. Trains should look like trains. 716 00:41:52,760 --> 00:41:56,600 Speaker 1: Smells like poop gum, Apparently in New York the gum 717 00:41:56,719 --> 00:41:58,480 Speaker 1: is so bad and some that you can lose your shoe. 718 00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:01,840 Speaker 1: I can see that you can actually get mired in 719 00:42:01,920 --> 00:42:06,360 Speaker 1: the gum. Um you got anything else? Give up your 720 00:42:06,360 --> 00:42:08,279 Speaker 1: seat for the ladies. That's what I gotta say. That's 721 00:42:08,320 --> 00:42:12,920 Speaker 1: a big one. Um. Yeah, good going, Chuck. That's a 722 00:42:13,040 --> 00:42:15,720 Speaker 1: fine ending. If you want to learn more about subway 723 00:42:15,760 --> 00:42:19,840 Speaker 1: etiquette and the tunnel boring machine and the cover method, 724 00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:22,640 Speaker 1: you can type in subways su beat W A Y 725 00:42:22,880 --> 00:42:24,680 Speaker 1: S into the search bar at how stuff works dot 726 00:42:24,719 --> 00:42:28,759 Speaker 1: com and it'll bring up this fine article by Tracy V. Wilson. Uh. 727 00:42:28,920 --> 00:42:31,800 Speaker 1: And since I said, uh, search bar, it's time for 728 00:42:32,040 --> 00:42:37,160 Speaker 1: listening to them. Uh. This one was an anniversary of 729 00:42:37,360 --> 00:42:42,239 Speaker 1: um two two young people in love. We had something 730 00:42:42,239 --> 00:42:45,399 Speaker 1: to do with that. Okay, guys have never written in before. 731 00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:47,480 Speaker 1: I just thought I would be appropriate. Uh, seeing as 732 00:42:47,560 --> 00:42:50,560 Speaker 1: my boyfriend and I are celebrating our three year anniversary. 733 00:42:51,200 --> 00:42:53,520 Speaker 1: Is partly due to you, guys. A few years back, 734 00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:56,640 Speaker 1: Nathan was trying and failing to win over my heart, 735 00:42:57,280 --> 00:42:59,800 Speaker 1: and then he began striking up conversations about the weirdest 736 00:42:59,840 --> 00:43:03,759 Speaker 1: thing is like abandoned cities, blood pressure, and robots. I 737 00:43:03,800 --> 00:43:06,439 Speaker 1: found this odd at first, but then began to love 738 00:43:06,760 --> 00:43:09,480 Speaker 1: this quirk of his. It's like she's been in love 739 00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:12,120 Speaker 1: with us. Let's get real. Yeah, but Nathan, he brought 740 00:43:12,160 --> 00:43:15,399 Speaker 1: up the blood pressure episode. Well that's what she says. 741 00:43:16,360 --> 00:43:20,520 Speaker 1: That's what she said. Uh, long story short, he ended 742 00:43:20,600 --> 00:43:22,640 Speaker 1: up winning me over. Not long ago, I was poking 743 00:43:22,680 --> 00:43:26,640 Speaker 1: around his iTunes library. Oh yeah, that's dangerous, uh, and 744 00:43:26,719 --> 00:43:30,040 Speaker 1: discovered the source of his information YouTube. We both love 745 00:43:30,080 --> 00:43:31,960 Speaker 1: the show now and sometimes sneak out of our houses 746 00:43:32,400 --> 00:43:35,520 Speaker 1: to make spontaneous midnight trips to McDonald's and listen to 747 00:43:35,560 --> 00:43:38,120 Speaker 1: your show while eating Big Max in the car. Young 748 00:43:38,200 --> 00:43:42,239 Speaker 1: love so sweet like that sweet and terrible for your ardors. Uh. 749 00:43:42,560 --> 00:43:44,920 Speaker 1: From time to time, I'll make him pancakes for dinner, 750 00:43:46,080 --> 00:43:49,400 Speaker 1: uh and we'll listen. I love that and we'll listen 751 00:43:49,600 --> 00:43:53,160 Speaker 1: as we really, I do all the cooking he does. However, 752 00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:55,880 Speaker 1: get at agitated whenever I mentioned that Chuck has a 753 00:43:55,960 --> 00:43:58,960 Speaker 1: sexy voice. I can't to see him like throwing his 754 00:43:59,080 --> 00:44:05,680 Speaker 1: pancakes and open around the apartment. Josh is sexy And 755 00:44:05,760 --> 00:44:10,120 Speaker 1: that is from Monique in California, And um, congratulations Monique 756 00:44:10,800 --> 00:44:14,200 Speaker 1: and Nathan pancakes for dinner. It's right a couple of 757 00:44:14,280 --> 00:44:18,120 Speaker 1: that listens to s Y s K together stays together exactly. UM, 758 00:44:18,360 --> 00:44:20,680 Speaker 1: let's see if we brought you together. I want to 759 00:44:20,719 --> 00:44:23,360 Speaker 1: hear about that, right sure? Um, if we brought you 760 00:44:23,440 --> 00:44:25,759 Speaker 1: in a loved one together or it strange to you 761 00:44:25,920 --> 00:44:28,560 Speaker 1: from your family, Either way, UM, we want to know 762 00:44:28,600 --> 00:44:30,440 Speaker 1: about it. You can tweet to us at s Y 763 00:44:30,640 --> 00:44:34,000 Speaker 1: s K Podcast. You can join us on Facebook dot 764 00:44:34,040 --> 00:44:41,920 Speaker 1: com slash stuff you should go for more on this 765 00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:44,600 Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics. Is it how stuff Works 766 00:44:44,600 --> 00:44:50,560 Speaker 1: dot com m