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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 2: Hi, my name is Robert Lamb and this is the

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Speaker 2: Monster Fact, a short form series from Stuff to Blow

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Speaker 2: Your Mind, focusing in non mythical creatures, ideas and monsters.

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Speaker 2: In time, I have a special omnibus episode for you

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Speaker 2: this week, once more, collecting four past episodes, this time

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Speaker 2: regarding vampires upbursts. Let's consider a possible Irish origin for

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Speaker 2: Count Dracula. Count Dracula was Irish, or at least that's

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Speaker 2: the case made by various historians and folklors. Now certainly

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Speaker 2: to be sure, the eighteen ninety seven novel Dracula places

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Speaker 2: the character's origins firmly in Transylvania, famously draws on the

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Speaker 2: legacy of historical fifteenth century Wallachian ruler Vlad the Impaler.

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Speaker 2: But on the other hand, Dracula's author, Bron Stoker, was

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Speaker 2: himself an Irishman. As pointed out by Celtic historian Bob

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Speaker 2: Curran in was Dracula an Irishmen published in the Journal

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Speaker 2: History Ireland in two thousand. Stoker never visited Eastern Europe,

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Speaker 2: but he certainly would have been exposed to various Irish

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Speaker 2: legends of evil blood drinking kings and chieftains, including tales

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Speaker 2: of Irish vampire king Aertuck. As is often the case

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Speaker 2: with such tales, the details of our Tuck's evil varies

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Speaker 2: from telling to telling. It may be more accurate to

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Speaker 2: think of him as a tribal chieftain rather than a king.

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Speaker 2: He would have reigned in the fifth or sixth century

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Speaker 2: CE in the district of Glenullin in Northern Ireland. He

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Speaker 2: is often described as a dwarf, or as possessing a

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Speaker 2: physical deformity that sets him apart from other men. He

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Speaker 2: was also a powerful and evil wizard, so when life

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Speaker 2: finally managed to kill him, undeath was the natural next step.

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Speaker 2: Some accounts say that Aurtuk fell to his death while

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Speaker 2: jealously creeping about the ledges of his castle's towers, trying

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Speaker 2: to spy and his own wife. In other accounts, his

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Speaker 2: people were so terrified of the chieftain's evil that they

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Speaker 2: convinced or hired a rival chieftain, Kathan, to assassinate him.

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Speaker 2: Either way, once dead, his people buried Aartuk upright in

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Speaker 2: his grave, as was befitting a man of his rank.

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Speaker 2: But you know what happened next, Aurtuk returned from the grave,

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Speaker 2: and with a thirst for blood, he demanded his people

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Speaker 2: bleed for him, filling a great drinking bowl. Horrified by

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Speaker 2: his return, Aurtuk's people had him murdered or re murdered,

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Speaker 2: depending on the telling by a hero, rival or assassin.

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Speaker 2: They buried him, and once more he returned for blood.

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Speaker 2: This cycle repeated itself, and finally the would be slayer

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Speaker 2: consulted with a local druid or priest and learned the

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Speaker 2: secret of what must be done to keep Auertuck dead. First,

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Speaker 2: skewer the undead creature's heart with a u wood sword,

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Speaker 2: then bury them upside down in the grave, head toward hell,

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Speaker 2: and cap the grave with thorns, ash twigs, and a

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Speaker 2: great stone. And so it was done. But if the

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Speaker 2: stone were ever removed, we are told this blood drinking dwarf,

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Speaker 2: more than a millennium dead, would once more rise to

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Speaker 2: quench his evil thirst. As Karan explains in his article,

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Speaker 2: there are other tales of Irish vampires, and several stand

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Speaker 2: out tales involve blood drinking nobles. Uniquely Irish spins on

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Speaker 2: the global vampire myth often entail the mixture of blood

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Speaker 2: and oats, a reference to famine air are recipes, as

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Speaker 2: well as traditional Celtic venerations of the dead. These various

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Speaker 2: tales would have likely been known to Bromstoker, infusing his

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Speaker 2: iconic vampire lord with Irish traditions of the undead. Even

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Speaker 2: the name Dracula calls to mind the Irish word dracola,

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Speaker 2: which means bad or tainted blood. Now let's turn to

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Speaker 2: the world of video games and one of the more

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Speaker 2: popular vampires to emerge from that realm in recent years.

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Speaker 2: In the twenty twenty one Capcom survival horror video game

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Speaker 2: Resident Evil Village, the character Ethan Winters finds himself beset

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Speaker 2: by werewolves, vampires, and other creatures of darkness in an

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Speaker 2: unnamed Eastern European rural location. Particular village is governed by

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Speaker 2: four lords, but the most impressive of these strange rulers

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Speaker 2: is Lady Dimitrescu of Castle Dimitrescu. Her lordship might otherwise

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Speaker 2: be mistaken for any other Gothic fem fatale figure, resplendent

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Speaker 2: with classic vampiric qualities and a stylish ensemble, but she

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Speaker 2: also stands well over nine feet tall and is forced

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Speaker 2: to duck as she moves through doorways in her otherwise

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Speaker 2: high ceilinged castle. While she often employs brute giant strength

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Speaker 2: and dispatching her enemies, she can also manifest scimitar like

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Speaker 2: claws to cut them limb from limb. She is arrogant

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Speaker 2: in vain, but also highly protective of her three vampiric daughters.

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Speaker 2: The character has proven highly popular, quickly joining the likes

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Speaker 2: of pyramid Head and Nemesis in the pantheon of great

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Speaker 2: memorable horror video game monsters. In dissecting the influences that

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Speaker 2: brought this character together, we of course have to give

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Speaker 2: a proper nod to both Dracula and Countess Elizabeth Bathory.

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Speaker 2: But many commentators have also pointed to the modern Japanese

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Speaker 2: yuri or yokai known as Miss eight foot Tall or

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Speaker 2: Hashaku Sama, who is depicted in a wide brimmed hat,

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Speaker 2: much like the Lady Demetrescu. According to Haiki Issohani in

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Speaker 2: a twenty eighteen thesis paper titled Mythology Marches to Modernity

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Speaker 2: Yokai in contemporary Japan, this spirit seems to have originated

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Speaker 2: in a Japanese internet forum in two thousand and eight. However,

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Speaker 2: the author stresses that Hasakusama's origins might actually extend back

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Speaker 2: much further to an older yokai named taka Ona literally

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Speaker 2: tall Woman, briefly mentioned in the Illustrated Night Parade of

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Speaker 2: one Hundred Demons, published in seventeen seventy six. However, the

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Speaker 2: idea of a fearsome giantess is far older than any

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Speaker 2: of these exams. Some variations of the Irish and Scottish

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Speaker 2: winter Hag and deity Kiligak are described as a giant

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Speaker 2: test and she is credited with kidnapping the spirit of Summer.

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Speaker 2: Other legendary hags are also given giant proportions from time

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Speaker 2: to time, including the Baba Yaga. There's also Zunuqua of

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Speaker 2: the Quakutel people of British Columbia, who hunts the children

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Speaker 2: of Man. Multiple giant testes of varying temperaments can be

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Speaker 2: found in Norse mythology, and these are often described as

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Speaker 2: beautiful to behold, and in Hindu traditions, the demon giant

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Speaker 2: tests Putana attempts to kill the infant Krishna by taking

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Speaker 2: on a human appearance and breastfeeding him poisoned milk baby Krishna, however,

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Speaker 2: turns the tables on the demon by draining her of

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Speaker 2: all her milk and her life essence. Suffice to say,

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Speaker 2: Lady Demetrescu is but the latest in a long line

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Speaker 2: of an intriguing fictional giantesses employed to express varying ideas

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Speaker 2: about feminine power. Her ancestors run the gamut of hads, demons, heroes,

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Speaker 2: and goddesses. Now let us consider a vampire from Chinese folklore,

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Speaker 2: the Jiangshi. Imagine yourself out on the road, so frustratingly

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Speaker 2: close to the walls of the city you've been traveling too,

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Speaker 2: and yet night is falling, the mist is rolling in,

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Speaker 2: and then up ahead you see several figures in the gloom,

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Speaker 2: fellow travelers, a patrol of guards from the city. You

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Speaker 2: entertain the possibility that they are bandits, and then they

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Speaker 2: do something quite unnatural. They hop like a creature whose

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Speaker 2: legs are bound or stiff with rigamortis, or perhaps even

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Speaker 2: forgetfull of proper bipedal locomotion, and forced to lunge itself

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Speaker 2: forward through physical space like a great writhing worm. The

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Speaker 2: creatures hop and hop again, ever closer to you, and

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Speaker 2: as they get closer you see that they are undead horrors,

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Speaker 2: dressed in robes from the Ching dynasty, decayed corpses, burning

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Speaker 2: with unnatural life. As they hop they reach out towards

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Speaker 2: you with elongated fingernails, they gasp with bloody fang toothed jaws,

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Speaker 2: and if they catch you, they will drain every last

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Speaker 2: ounce of precious chi from your body. In some ways

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Speaker 2: relatable to Western concepts of the zombie and the vampire,

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Speaker 2: this is the jiang shi. And while Chinese mythology and

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Speaker 2: focal or is filled with various ghosts and monsters, this

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Speaker 2: particular horror seems to emerge from a Qing dynasty crisis

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Speaker 2: concerning the burial of the dead. According to the Afterlife Corpses,

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Speaker 2: A Social History of Unburied dead Bodies in Chengina sixteen

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Speaker 2: forty four through nineteen eleven by historian Johi Su, numerous

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Speaker 2: records from the eighteenth to nineteenth century discussed the problem

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Speaker 2: of unburied bodies left upon the ground without proper burial.

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Speaker 2: These were not exclusively the victims of war, famine, or

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Speaker 2: disaster either. They were seemingly, for the most part, individuals

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Speaker 2: who simply had no permanent grave. This Sioux rites was

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Speaker 2: due to changing socioeconomic structure and the resulting imbalance between

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Speaker 2: population and arable land. A family would need to secure

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Speaker 2: claim to the land in order to bury deceased loved ones.

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Speaker 2: If a grave could not be obtained, they were left

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Speaker 2: out and often abandoned or lost. While jong Yan was

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Speaker 2: the region most impacted by this, it became an empire

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Speaker 2: wide crisis because it wasn't just about the dead, but

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Speaker 2: a perceived cultural decline in funeral custom and even devotion

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Speaker 2: to one's ancestors. While solutions finally emerged, such as public

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Speaker 2: cemeteries and coffin homes, the specter of the jiangxi remained

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Speaker 2: in the Chinese imagination, a specter of the abandoned and

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Speaker 2: vengeful dead. These beliefs, along with other records Sue writes quote,

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Speaker 2: demonstrate unburied dead bodies as highly abnormal and deeply problematic,

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Speaker 2: representing a dysfunctional aspect of popular death custom. Jiangxi famously

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Speaker 2: play a role in an entire subgenre of Chinese supernatural

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Speaker 2: horror and comedy films, including nineteen eighty five's Mister Vampire,

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Speaker 2: which we watched on Weird House Cinema last year. They're

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Speaker 2: also now featured in Dungeons and Dragons, listed in twenty

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Speaker 2: twenty one's Van Richton's Guide to Ravenloft as a challenge

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Speaker 2: level nine monster capable of changing shape and of course,

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Speaker 2: draining the energy of its victims. While sometimes played for comedy,

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Speaker 2: there is a deep and unnatural horror to the Jangshi,

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Speaker 2: and it absolutely demands a place in your nightmares and

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Speaker 2: at your gaming table. Finally, let's discuss a particular vampire

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Speaker 2: from the world of Doom and Stoner Rock. The two

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Speaker 2: thousand and seven track The Satanic Rites of Drugula by

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Speaker 2: Electric Wizard paints exactly the sort of picture you might

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Speaker 2: expect from this horror obsessed doom metal in Stoner Rock mainstay.

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Speaker 2: While the vampires of old thirsted only for human blood,

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Speaker 2: the lyrics to this song speak of quote dope laced

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Speaker 2: blood that has only served to introduce the vampiric hordes

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Speaker 2: and its dark prints to new hives. Now, we are

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Speaker 2: not here to question the wisdom of these lyrics, but

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Speaker 2: we might well wonder how this dark tale of dope

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Speaker 2: smoke matches up to the realities of the natural world. Now. Historically,

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Speaker 2: the concept of blood drinking monsters being in any way

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Speaker 2: drawn to cannabis is interesting in part because of cannabis's

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Speaker 2: historical associations with the treatment and prevention of parasites. In

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Speaker 2: the medical use of cannabis among the Greeks and Romans

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Speaker 2: by James L. Buttrica, the author points to Greek writings

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Speaker 2: in which cannabis seeds were prescribed in the treatment of tapeworms.

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Speaker 2: Interestingly enough, fifth century CE Greek physician Atius described the

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Speaker 2: use of cannabis seeds as a means of drying up

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Speaker 2: the semen and preventing nocturnal emissions as well. Buttrica also

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Speaker 2: writes that an ancient Greek work on far a test

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Speaker 2: to the use of cannabis is a deterrent to blood

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Speaker 2: drinking mosquitoes. By spreading cannabis below your bed or leaving

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Speaker 2: a quote blooming sprig of fresh cannabis by your bedside,

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Speaker 2: your blood might be protected from the nefarious thirst of mosquitoes.

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Speaker 2: Now why these notions don't sound encouraging for Count Drugula

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Speaker 2: and his spawn. It's also worth noting that the Greek

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Speaker 2: physician Galen wrote of the alleged blood purifying properties of

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Speaker 2: cannabis seeds, and that sounds like something of interest to

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Speaker 2: the vampiric children of the night. The study of bat

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Speaker 2: biology offers few answers, but it's worth considering that common

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Speaker 2: vampire bats do not learn taste diversions, as explored by

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Speaker 2: Ratcliffe at all. In a two thousand and three study

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Speaker 2: in animal behavior, the bats did not seem to quote

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Speaker 2: learn to associate a novel flavor with averse gastro intestinal events.

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Speaker 2: In other words, they're not capable of associating the symptoms

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Speaker 2: caused by a toxic, spoiled, or poisonous substance with a

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Speaker 2: particular taste. On the other hand, they're certainly susceptible to

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Speaker 2: some of the effects of various human drugs, but with

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Speaker 2: these effects pass on through their blood to a parasitic

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Speaker 2: consumer well. Randal Monroe explored a similar topic on the

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Speaker 2: what iff website and found that a human being would

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Speaker 2: have to consume an absurd amount of human blood to

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Speaker 2: become drunk on the blood's alcohol content. We can apply

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Speaker 2: a similar line of thinking to other substances in the blood,

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Speaker 2: but that need not dissuade count drugula. After all, he

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Speaker 2: is clearly an immortal, undead being, and perhaps he does

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Speaker 2: consume the copious amounts of rockstone or blood required to

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Speaker 2: attain this level of high. But our story does not

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Speaker 2: end here. Perhaps Count Drugula would be interested to know

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Speaker 2: that a stroke medication dubbed draculin has been derived from

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Speaker 2: the anticoagulant protys of vampire bat saliva. Arise, Arise, Count

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Speaker 2: Drugula a Rise. Tune in for additional episodes of the

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Speaker 2: Monster Fact each week, and periodically we'll bust out an

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Speaker 2: omnibus episode to collect some related episodes of the Monster

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Speaker 2: Fact or even the Artifact. As always, you can email

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Speaker 2: us at contact at stuff to Blow your Mind dot com.

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Speaker 1: Stuff to Blow Your Mind is production of iHeartRadio. For

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Speaker 1: more podcasts from my Heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app,

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Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows,