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Speaker 1: What's taking shiploads of meth? My hit. I'm Robert Evans.

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Speaker 1: This is Behind the Bastards. The podcast re tell you

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Speaker 1: everything you don't know about the worst people in all

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Speaker 1: of history. We're in today's episode, stuff that you think

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Speaker 1: you know, but you actually don't know the specifics in

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Speaker 1: the way that you probably think you do. Maybe anyway.

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Speaker 1: Top ten intros to this podcast. Thank you, Sophie. Sophie Lichterman,

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Speaker 1: my producer and legally boss and my guest today, I

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Speaker 1: would like to introduce the wonderful Carolina Barlow. Carolina, you

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Speaker 1: are a writer and a co host of the Ron

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Speaker 1: Burgundy podcast and the True Romance Podcast. Carolina. Yes, is

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Speaker 1: Will Ferrell nice in person? He is a toxic overlord.

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Speaker 1: Will Farrell is actually the nicest person and I've never

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Speaker 1: met my life. Um, he's nicer than I think most

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Speaker 1: members of my family and yours. I'm just assuming, um,

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Speaker 1: no knowing how kind he is. And yeah, he's a Sophia.

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Speaker 1: You can he frenched my dog. How does his hair smell? Okay,

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Speaker 1: this is a great question because is very good at

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Speaker 1: grooming and he always smells really nice. His skincare is

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Speaker 1: amazing and I believe he may still be using this product.

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Speaker 1: But once we were on a press tour with Mark Wahlberg,

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Speaker 1: who was using a lot of brand called Moroccan oil,

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Speaker 1: which you can buy. I'm not this is not an ad,

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Speaker 1: but you can buy it pretty much anywhere. Will decided, Wait,

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Speaker 1: I'm messing up this story. Will was using a brand

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Speaker 1: uses a brand called Moroccan oil, and Mark Wahlberg was

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Speaker 1: obsessed with it, and so we ended up talking about

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Speaker 1: it a lot on a press tour, and Moroccan Oil

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Speaker 1: then send us a bunch of Moroccan oil. So I

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Speaker 1: believe he still uses that. But it smells incredible. Okay,

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Speaker 1: well this is this is actually a lot more information

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Speaker 1: than I expected. Welcome to the celebrity corner. When we

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Speaker 1: talk about how different celebrities hair smells. Next up, so

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Speaker 1: we're talking about we are talking about a celebrity today

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Speaker 1: surrounded by babies because probably like pissing ship, pist and

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Speaker 1: ship all the time. That's that scans completely. Actually, you

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Speaker 1: know who else a diaper? I totally forgot you know

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Speaker 1: who else smelled like ship? Oh? This is this is

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Speaker 1: so accurate and is a celebrity. I don't like that? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I don't like that title for him. He is a celebrity.

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Speaker 1: He's a very famous man, arguably more famous than any

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Speaker 1: living celebrity. I'm not gonna I'm not going to give

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Speaker 1: Hitler a celebrity title. You can say a lot of

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Speaker 1: bad things about the man, but he has brand recognition. Okay,

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Speaker 1: fair enough. So we're like going from polar opposites. We're

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Speaker 1: talking about one of the Donna Share. You don't even

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Speaker 1: need the last names exactly, just Hitlers going from like

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Speaker 1: the nicest person ever of Will Ferrell to the worst

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Speaker 1: person ever to aid off Hitler so quick. Well, he's

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Speaker 1: also his name has kind of been a verb because

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Speaker 1: you can like, I don't know about y'all, but like

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Speaker 1: when my friends are being shitty and like you're kind

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Speaker 1: of hitler ing right now. You're you're getting a little

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Speaker 1: Hitler on all of us here, Maybe calm down. So

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Speaker 1: he's like, he's like, Google, my friends have been done

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Speaker 1: something so shitty that I would spring that name. Fair enough. Well,

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Speaker 1: this one time my buddy Mike annexed the Sudette land

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Speaker 1: and we were got pretty we got pretty pissed at him.

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Speaker 1: That's fair. Yeah, that's um, Carolina, what do you, how

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Speaker 1: do you feel about drugs? Drugs? I don't do drugs

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Speaker 1: because when I was young, I did them too much

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Speaker 1: and then I had to stop. And actually in the

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Speaker 1: same boat, um, I drink sometimes and uh and take creatum.

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Speaker 1: But I my my doing illegal drugs days or long

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Speaker 1: long behind me because I damaged my brain too much.

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Speaker 1: You've what have you heard about the Nazis and drugs.

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Speaker 1: I know that they did a lot of them. And

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Speaker 1: I think World War two, much like the Civil War,

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Speaker 1: was a pretty crazy time and Vietnam wars generally and

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Speaker 1: drugs actually tend to mix well together. Absolutely, it's a

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Speaker 1: great time to get wasted when you're at a war zone.

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Speaker 1: I can say that from experience. Um. And you know

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Speaker 1: it's also so there's In two thousand sixteen, a German

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Speaker 1: novelist and a screenwriter, a guy named Norman Oehler, published

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Speaker 1: a book, a work of historic nonfiction. In the United States,

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Speaker 1: it was released under the title Blitzed, Drugs and Nazi Germany.

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Speaker 1: A lot of people have heard of this book. It

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Speaker 1: was an international but it was a huge, huge book.

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Speaker 1: I mean, I guess most of the people listening to

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Speaker 1: the episode right now either heard of it. Or you

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Speaker 1: read some article that was based on kind of the

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Speaker 1: media campaign around this, because literally every major news website

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Speaker 1: in magazine on the fucking planet published interviews with this

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Speaker 1: guy or at least kind of like write ups that

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Speaker 1: were summarizing the book. The Guardians article during this period

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Speaker 1: it is kind of emblematic of the whole. It was

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Speaker 1: titled Hi Hitler, which is a fun a fun title,

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Speaker 1: nice little play on Heil Hitler um. And it's also

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Speaker 1: really appropriate because the reason Hitler was getting high it

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Speaker 1: was for his health, and Hil Hitler literally means health

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Speaker 1: to Hitler. But anyway, that's a that's a point Owlder makes. Umm,

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Speaker 1: it is a nice little pun. I'm going to read

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Speaker 1: a sample paragraph from that article talking about Owler's wook work.

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Speaker 1: The book in question is The Total Rush, or to

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Speaker 1: use its superior English title, Blitzed, which reveals the astonishing

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Speaker 1: and hitherto un largely untold story of the Third Reich's

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Speaker 1: relationship with drugs, including cocaine, heroin, morphine, and above all, methamphetamines,

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Speaker 1: and of their effect not only on Hitler's final days.

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Speaker 1: The fear by Owler's account was an absolute junkie with

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Speaker 1: ruined veins by the time he retreated to the last

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Speaker 1: of his bunkers. But on the Wehrmacht's successful invasion of

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Speaker 1: France in nineteen forty published in Germany last year, where

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Speaker 1: it became a best seller. It has since been translated

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Speaker 1: into eighteen languages. A fact that the lights owler but

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Speaker 1: also amazes him. And this isn't I'm starting, not kind

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Speaker 1: of the way we normally do by just sort of

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Speaker 1: giving the history, but by talking about this book because

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Speaker 1: it is so prominent, and in the years that I've

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Speaker 1: been doing Behind the Bastards, I've probably had a couple

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Speaker 1: of hundred different people email me or ask me sometimes

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Speaker 1: in person if I've read Blitzed and tell me that

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Speaker 1: I had to do hit an episode on Hitler's drug addiction,

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Speaker 1: and this is that episode. But I have to tell

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Speaker 1: you a decent chunk of this is actually going to

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Speaker 1: be kind of critiquing blitzed um and more broadly critiquing

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Speaker 1: kind of how the media presented it. And I want

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Speaker 1: to clarify up top. I don't think blitz is a

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Speaker 1: bad book where that older is a bad guy. I

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Speaker 1: think his work is in some ways a victim of

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Speaker 1: its own, of his own success. If you start googling

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Speaker 1: around permutations of phrases like Hitler's drug addiction, or drugs

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Speaker 1: and Nazis German and Nazi Germany, or the Nazis and meth,

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Speaker 1: about seventy of the search results you see are going

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Speaker 1: to be articles based on Norman's book, kind of rewriting

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Speaker 1: the same thing over and over again, and this makes

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Speaker 1: his book fairly unique in the field of Nazi studies.

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Speaker 1: The Third Reich is the single most widely studied and

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Speaker 1: written about regime in political history. There are governments on

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Speaker 1: the planet right now who produce less, who have produced

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Speaker 1: to date less documentation for their government bureaucracy than there

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Speaker 1: is historic works written about the Third Reich. Um no

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Speaker 1: other government has had more scholars devote their lives to

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Speaker 1: examining it, and no state has had so many pages

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Speaker 1: of quality historical writing dedicated to its history. And when

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Speaker 1: we include the great minds have written about the Third

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Speaker 1: Reich throughout history, we quickly become clogged with genius. There's

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Speaker 1: William Schier, Iran Ian Kershaw, John Toland, Vocaler, ul Ric

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Speaker 1: Richard Evans, and Hannah Rent, just to name a few.

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Speaker 1: And the fact that in five years, Norman Ohler has

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Speaker 1: become one of the most recognized writers in Nazi history.

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Speaker 1: UM is due to the subject matter of his book, namely,

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Speaker 1: people like drugs and people are fascinated by the Nazis,

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Speaker 1: and if you combine those two things, you're going to

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Speaker 1: sell a lot of fucking books. Um. And one of

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Speaker 1: the reasons this frustrates some historians is that some of

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Speaker 1: the stuff that Older wrote about had been well documented

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Speaker 1: before he came into the picture. For exam ample, pervitin,

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Speaker 1: which is the methamphetamine that the Nazis primarily took UM.

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Speaker 1: A lot of scholars wrote about the use of pervitin

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Speaker 1: by Nazis during the Blitz Creek. Where Older broke new

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Speaker 1: ground was in making a detailed study about the personal

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Speaker 1: notes and professional journals of a guy named Dr Theodore Morrell,

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Speaker 1: who was one of Hitler's personal physicians and his primary

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Speaker 1: dope dealer. Morrell was not an unknown quantity to historians previously,

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Speaker 1: but Ohler spends a lot of time digging into precisely

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Speaker 1: what he gave Hitler and how it may have impacted history.

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Speaker 1: Half of the controversy among historians about Blitz revolves around

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Speaker 1: the language used in this book. Older is not a historian,

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Speaker 1: he's not a scholar. He's writing in a pop nonfiction

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Speaker 1: cadence and vocabulary. So this is closer to a guy like, um,

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Speaker 1: who's that fucking guy everybody hates now that everybody loved

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Speaker 1: for I wrote The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell. I'm not

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Speaker 1: and I'm not saying he's like because I think he's

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Speaker 1: much more responsible than not. But he's closer to the

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Speaker 1: Gladwell into the spectrum that kind of pop nonfiction than

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Speaker 1: he is to a scholar like Ian Kershaw, you know, Um,

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Speaker 1: And that frustrates scholars because his work has been so influential, Right,

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Speaker 1: you get kind of piste off when, like you, you

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Speaker 1: do detailed, painstaking analyzes of these guys and then, um,

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Speaker 1: some dude kind of throws out a book that maybe

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Speaker 1: maybe exaggerates some things and uses some like flagrant language

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Speaker 1: and and is much more popular than any work by

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Speaker 1: a scholar will ever be that frustrated people? Um, And

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Speaker 1: you know, I I don't think that that means it's

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Speaker 1: not There is good scholarship of this, and there's in fact,

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Speaker 1: groundbreaking scholarship in this. Ian Kershaw, who's probably the single

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Speaker 1: most prominent biographer of Hitler alive today. UM called this

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Speaker 1: a serious work of scholarship and praised it. UM. Richard Evans,

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Speaker 1: on the other hand, who's also variable respected, hated this book.

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Speaker 1: So it's not like there's not I don't want to

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Speaker 1: come across as saying there's an agreement among scholars that

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Speaker 1: this book is bad, or that there's an agreement that

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Speaker 1: it's good. UM. I tend to think it did more

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Speaker 1: good than harm Um. But it was written to appeal

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Speaker 1: to the masses and be a popular book, and it

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Speaker 1: absolutely is now. The other half of the controversy around

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Speaker 1: Blitz revolves around some of the more serious issues with

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Speaker 1: the way Older presents his research. Namely, he suffers from

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Speaker 1: the same problem most people do when they zero in

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Speaker 1: on a very specific aspect of the Nazi regime. He's

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Speaker 1: gotten so into the weeds on this topic that he

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Speaker 1: lends it weight that's sometimes disproportionate to its actual and

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Speaker 1: the same thing happens to people studying like the occult

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Speaker 1: and nazis right because there is like a really fascinating

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Speaker 1: history of like esoteric Hitlerism, of like of occult Nazism,

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Speaker 1: but it also wasn't nearly as influential as the people

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Speaker 1: who write books about it put it on as an

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Speaker 1: in fact, by one it was pretty much out of

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Speaker 1: of of any kind of influence in the party. But

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Speaker 1: you know, if that's your thing, you're going to seek

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Speaker 1: to kind of hell boy things up a little, you know.

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Speaker 1: So this is like a long winded way of saying

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Speaker 1: it's debatable. No, it's it's a long way of trying

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Speaker 1: to like give caveats about like what are not saying

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Speaker 1: it's a bad book, but saying it's a good book

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Speaker 1: that I think, because he's so fo focused on the drugs,

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Speaker 1: tends to ignore other reasons for some of the behavior

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Speaker 1: that are not drugs. I wonder if it's dangerous. This

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Speaker 1: is me speaking without reading the book. I think it

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Speaker 1: may be dangerous to blame anything on drug use. I

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Speaker 1: don't think that's That is the chief criticism the historians

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Speaker 1: that dislike him make, And he's actually pretty careful. He's

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Speaker 1: careful in his book to say, like I am not

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Speaker 1: saying Hitler's horrible crimes are the result because one of

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Speaker 1: the things he does, he points out, as we'll go

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Speaker 1: into most of the hardcore drugging use from Hitler started

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Speaker 1: in the forties, you know, when he had already set

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Speaker 1: everything in motion that he was going to set in

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Speaker 1: were already pretty yeah, was going down. Yeah. But he's

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Speaker 1: saying like, it's it's worth noting if a guy is

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Speaker 1: funked up on myth and cocaine and opium all of

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Speaker 1: the time, and he's a warlord, it's worth wondering, like,

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Speaker 1: how does that impact his decision making process? Which I

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Speaker 1: think is a fair question, right, Like, obviously there is

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Speaker 1: a danger when you do that, but it's also I

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Speaker 1: don't think that means you shouldn't look at like, well,

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Speaker 1: what was this doctor shooting into the veins of this

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Speaker 1: man making these incredibly influential decisions. Is the same way

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Speaker 1: that like, it's worth looking at how the methamphetamine JFK

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Speaker 1: took impacted his decision making during the Cuban missile crisis

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Speaker 1: and ship right, like it is a problem or Trump

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Speaker 1: and aneral It's it's certainly not like I don't wanna.

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Speaker 1: I agree that's a worry, But I also don't think

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Speaker 1: we should be like, well, let's not talk about this

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Speaker 1: just because some people talking all you know, I guess

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Speaker 1: I I am implying more that leaning into it too hard,

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Speaker 1: giving it too much weight. I can see it um

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Speaker 1: distracting from a serious threat that was definitely worsened by drugs.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's interesting, um, Vietnam. Towards the end of Vietnam,

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Speaker 1: all the soldiers, American soldiers were getting really messed up

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Speaker 1: on all the kinds of pills that were just very

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Speaker 1: prevalent in the sixties and seventies, like coaludes, black beauties, speed,

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Speaker 1: anything to keep them up. And it increased a lot

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Speaker 1: of paranoia, especially when there's an enemy that you know,

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Speaker 1: quote unquote enemy Via Kong who um aren't in uniforms.

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Speaker 1: Your paranoia can increase, it can make you more violent. Um.

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Speaker 1: With or without these drugs. The Vietnam War is still

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Speaker 1: inherently a crime against humanity. But drugs don't help, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and help. And that's there's a question too with the

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Speaker 1: Nazis right where you don't want to like a lot

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Speaker 1: of these these these r mock soldiers were going days

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Speaker 1: without sleeping and taking ship into that amphetamine, and some

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Speaker 1: of them committed horrible atrocities. You don't want to like

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Speaker 1: the atrocities. Number One, we're often ordered by people who

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Speaker 1: were certainly not drugged out of their minds, and we're

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Speaker 1: planned pretty extensively ahead of time. That said, the fact

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Speaker 1: that a lot of these guys are meth and like

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Speaker 1: flipping out and burning down villages, Um, some of that's

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Speaker 1: probably due to the fact that they're they're fucked up

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Speaker 1: on meth amphetamine, right, Like not necessarily like the the

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Speaker 1: concerted genocide actions where they're shooting forty people in a day,

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Speaker 1: but like, oh yeah, they get shot at by a

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Speaker 1: partisan and they burned down a village, And maybe that's

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Speaker 1: some guys who are tweaked out on speed over react

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Speaker 1: like flipping out in the same way that like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: maybe it had an impact. Um, I think you can

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Speaker 1: say that. I think you can want to know. Okay, well,

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Speaker 1: you have millions of men going days without sleeping, heavily

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Speaker 1: armed and taking math amphetamine. I bet that has an

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Speaker 1: influence on their behavior. Without saying the Nazis killed millions

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Speaker 1: of Russian civilians because they were on meth which is

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Speaker 1: not the case. They killed millions of Russian civilians because

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Speaker 1: the war from the beginning was a genocidal crusade. UM.

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Speaker 1: I don't know. I don't want to like I don't

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Speaker 1: want to like veer away from what is an interesting

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Speaker 1: question just because people can, Um, people can simplify it

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Speaker 1: to the extent that it gets sucked up, you know,

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Speaker 1: because I I do think this is a fascinating question. Um,

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Speaker 1: We're gonna be talking a lot about Ohler's findings here

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Speaker 1: because I do agree with Ian Kershaw who described it

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Speaker 1: as a serious piece of scholarship. He goes into he's

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Speaker 1: not just real like cutting up other bits of reporting.

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Speaker 1: He looks at a lot of original primary sources. He's

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Speaker 1: combing through in a way I don't think anyone else

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Speaker 1: ever did. Dr Theodore Morrell's Hitler's primary Physicians notes in

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Speaker 1: in exhaustive detail researching the medicines He's getting. There's a

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Speaker 1: lot of very important scholarship, I think in his findings.

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Speaker 1: But I also will be laying out some areas where

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Speaker 1: Owler's conclusions do not jell with the actual evidence, and

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Speaker 1: there are some points there. So let's start by talking

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Speaker 1: about drug culture in Weimar, Germany as a refresher. The

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Speaker 1: Vimar government was a progressive democracy that followed after the

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Speaker 1: Kaiser's monarchy went away and was eventually eaten up by Hitler.

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Speaker 1: For like the fifteen or so years it existed, Weimar

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Speaker 1: was a dizzying lye progressive government for its time. Berlin

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Speaker 1: became a magnet for the LGBT community, and the side

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Speaker 1: of the first very first series is research on healthcare

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Speaker 1: for trans people. Art and music flourished, and as you'd

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Speaker 1: expect from a city full of bohemian artists and musician,

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Speaker 1: people were getting fucked up all the time, like I

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Speaker 1: mean just just really yeah, exactly, like real creative drug use. Um,

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Speaker 1: because like Berlin is Berlin is you know what what

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Speaker 1: what places like New you know, chunks of New York

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Speaker 1: and chunks of California became in the sixties and seventies.

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Speaker 1: Berlin is that in the fucking twenties, you know. UM

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Speaker 1: and this put photographs you can find of Berlin in

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Speaker 1: the twenties where people are in drag. It's very casual.

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Speaker 1: It's actually completely there's a flamboyant, like fun Roaring twenties quality. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's um, it's it's it's a fascinating time to study. Um.

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Speaker 1: And and this put you know. One of the things

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Speaker 1: that I think is critique about older is he when

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Speaker 1: he's talking about drug use in Germany, he focuses heavily

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Speaker 1: on Berlin and the Berlin Hella drug use, but also

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Speaker 1: Berlin's drug uses in direct contrast to what's going on

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Speaker 1: in the rest of Germany. Not only was most of

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Speaker 1: Germany much more socially conservative think about like Portland, Oregon

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Speaker 1: versus as surrounding areas right, but the use of recreational

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Speaker 1: drugs like cocaine was markedly uncommon in Germany and not

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Speaker 1: even particularly common in Berlin. As we'll talk about, it's

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Speaker 1: worth noting that at this time most Germans across the

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Speaker 1: country would not have considered tobacco or alcohol drugs, So

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Speaker 1: when we're talking about drug use, those are not drugs

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Speaker 1: to Germans in the twenties, that's like milk to them.

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Speaker 1: Both were so ubiquitous that they were considered to be

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Speaker 1: a part of a person's diet, and interestingly enough, both

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Speaker 1: Communists and Nazi leaders in Europe at this time hated tobacco.

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Speaker 1: Lenin was famously anti cigarette, um so was Hitler. Obviously,

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Speaker 1: Lennon's anti cigarettes ship didn't last once stock Castalla loved

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Speaker 1: him some some smoking, and Hitler hated cigarettes, but there

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Speaker 1: was never really any sort of They both like he

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Speaker 1: had to kind of accept like, well, I'm not going

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Speaker 1: to get Germans to stop smoking, Like that's not gonna happen. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they were, they were, they were, he was he definitely

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Speaker 1: kind of straight edge. Yeah. Um. And you know, uh,

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Speaker 1: we'll talk about this more later. But for the most

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Speaker 1: part throughout the twenties, Nazis and Communists smoke and smoked

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Speaker 1: and drank about as much as everybody else. So again,

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Speaker 1: while there's Nazi and Communist leaders who are being like, no,

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Speaker 1: you need to struggle towards revolution and be sober for that,

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Speaker 1: most Communists, most Nazis are getting drunk and chain smoking

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Speaker 1: like anybody else. Um. And so when we talk about

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Speaker 1: drugs in Germany, what I mean by drugs is hard

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Speaker 1: stimulants like cocaine and methamphetamine, as well as opiates. Germany

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Speaker 1: was actually the world leader in drug manufacturing at this

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Speaker 1: Morphine beer exactly. Morphine had first been isolated by a

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Speaker 1: German chemist in the early eighteen hundreds. It was rediscovered, patented,

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Speaker 1: and mass produced by Bayer in eight By the end

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Speaker 1: of World War One, morphine was the number one product

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Speaker 1: of the entire German pharmaceutical industry. They were shipping this

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Speaker 1: stuff out everywhere because it's the most addictive thing in

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Speaker 1: the world. The company that owned that first manufacturing plant

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Speaker 1: in Germany was the Sacklers, later responsible for the opioid

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Speaker 1: epidemic we're currently facing the States. Good people, Yeah, we've

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Speaker 1: talked about. Yeah, there's some other Bear products made during

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Speaker 1: the Nazi regime that we could talk about too, like heroin. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: heroin they advertise as lighter than morphine. Yeah, I mean,

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Speaker 1: and a lot of this ship is OTC in Germany

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Speaker 1: at the time, right, Um, and Bear is the first

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Speaker 1: to produce and sell heroin, And actually heroin stays over

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Speaker 1: the counter in Germany until like the nineteen fifties. Um,

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Speaker 1: I'm god to live in those times, to just be

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Speaker 1: able to walk down to the corner store and get

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Speaker 1: a big fat baggele horse smoke it. And I don't know,

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Speaker 1: it doesn't really matter what the movies. Yeah, it doesn't

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Speaker 1: really matter what you're doing when you're smoking heroin. So

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Speaker 1: now by a lot of like this point, heroin has

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Speaker 1: become like illegal in the US and a lot of Asia,

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Speaker 1: at least if you're taking it, like you can't just

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Speaker 1: go and get it over the counter, right, Maybe it's

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Speaker 1: more prescribed than it is than it was now that

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Speaker 1: it was not like you couldn't just walk in and

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Speaker 1: buy it as a person, but you can in Germany,

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Speaker 1: and so Germany, since everything is kind of legal, there

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Speaker 1: becomes the nexus for an international gray and black market

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Speaker 1: drug trade in heroin, and these German Swiss companies will

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Speaker 1: kind of use Germany as a base and will They're

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Speaker 1: not directly selling it illegally underground in countries, but they're

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Speaker 1: putting it in position to be sold that way and

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Speaker 1: they're profiting from it. I'm gonna quote from a write

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Speaker 1: up by a scholar named Jonathan Levy here. Both morphine

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Speaker 1: and heroin were consumed in Germany during the Weimar years

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Speaker 1: and the Third Reich. The morphine was far more popular

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Speaker 1: than it's more potent cousin, perhaps explaining Merk's decision to

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Speaker 1: cease its uh diacetyl morphine program. The number of addicts

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Speaker 1: in Germany is difficult to ascertain. Like many drug statistics,

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Speaker 1: the reported numbers of addicts are mere gu estimates rather

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Speaker 1: than reliable figures, mainly because it is next to impossible

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Speaker 1: to differentiate between addicts and users. Now, the best evidence

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Speaker 1: seems to suggest that The rate of opiate addiction in

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Speaker 1: Germany increased from the start of the war years, and

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Speaker 1: by that I mean World War One until about nineteen

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Speaker 1: twenty two, which is probably caused by the same thing

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Speaker 1: that drives a lot of opiate use in the US today,

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Speaker 1: which is wounded soldiers getting hooked on it, right, getting

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Speaker 1: prescribed as much of it as they want having, you know,

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Speaker 1: developing a problem, but by much of them in the

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Speaker 1: Civil War too, Yeah, yeah, every time, every time a

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Speaker 1: lot of men get wounded. Yeah, soldiers got hooked on.

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's funny you say guestimate because I'm just

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Speaker 1: reading that sock rebook. Everyone is waiting, and they said,

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Speaker 1: they said the estimate was a quarter of a million

402
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Speaker 1: soldiers in the United States hooked on morphine, and that

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Speaker 1: even Theodore Roosevelt basically created a position for someone to

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Speaker 1: fight this quote unquote epidemic. Yeah, I mean that that

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00:21:57,720 --> 00:22:00,760
Speaker 1: that completely completely makes sense, especially and it is like

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Speaker 1: as available as it was when you just bumped down

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Speaker 1: to the street and buy it. Why wouldn't you take

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00:22:05,640 --> 00:22:11,399
Speaker 1: up on Jay irwin Um. Now by nineteen thirty one, though,

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Speaker 1: the rate of addictions seems to have like fallen in Germany. Obviously,

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Speaker 1: none of our data is perfect, but it may have

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Speaker 1: just been a matter of like enough time had passed

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Speaker 1: since the war, people had recovered enough, some of them

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Speaker 1: had probably died. UM. One leader in the Reich Health

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Speaker 1: Office at that point estimated that just point there were

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Speaker 1: just point three male addicts per ten thousand people in Germany,

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Speaker 1: which is probably nonsense. But he also noted that one

417
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Speaker 1: in a hundred doctors were addicts UM and this is

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Speaker 1: probably a much more accurate number. Include in part because

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00:22:41,520 --> 00:22:43,280
Speaker 1: like a lot of these guys have been prosecuted for this,

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Speaker 1: and in part because today we know that doctors are

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Speaker 1: at a heavily, massively elevated risk of particularly opiate addiction,

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Speaker 1: right something with nurses? Yeah, yeah, doctors, pharmacists and nurses.

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Speaker 1: You know, I've talked to I've talked to a nurse

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Speaker 1: with a drug addiction who was like pinching you know,

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00:22:59,359 --> 00:23:02,280
Speaker 1: opiates and ship for for quite a long while. And

426
00:23:02,320 --> 00:23:06,040
Speaker 1: it's some like it's it's it's hard to avoid, especially

427
00:23:06,040 --> 00:23:08,480
Speaker 1: given like the trauma that you encounter as a healthcare worker.

428
00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:11,760
Speaker 1: Why wouldn't you want to be high on fucking oxy

429
00:23:11,840 --> 00:23:16,680
Speaker 1: all the time? I get it, it's not good behavior

430
00:23:16,840 --> 00:23:19,080
Speaker 1: if people's lives are in your hand. But it's I

431
00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:22,160
Speaker 1: I can empathize with the need to dull that. Yeah,

432
00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:26,159
Speaker 1: especially since I don't know none of us are. We've

433
00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:29,160
Speaker 1: all decided not to not to do the pandemic mitigation

434
00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:32,640
Speaker 1: thing anymore. So I don't know. We got more taxes

435
00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:37,520
Speaker 1: than Jeff Bezos Arizona. Yeah, so yeah, take some oxy.

436
00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:42,159
Speaker 1: I'm not gonna I'm not gonna yell at your um

437
00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:46,560
Speaker 1: now do Yeah. Cocaine was also a drug with a

438
00:23:46,600 --> 00:23:50,080
Speaker 1: German origin. It was synthesized first from coca leaves by

439
00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:53,680
Speaker 1: German chemists and popularized by a Veny psychiatrist named Dr

440
00:23:53,760 --> 00:23:57,400
Speaker 1: Sigmund Freud and a Vienny's eye doctor named Carl Kohler.

441
00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:00,960
Speaker 1: Freud prescribed cocaine as part of his talk therapy sessions,

442
00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:03,600
Speaker 1: and Dr Cohler just poured it right into people's eyes

443
00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:07,040
Speaker 1: as a local anesthetic, which is man, imagine going to

444
00:24:07,119 --> 00:24:09,600
Speaker 1: the eye doctor and I'm gonna pour some cocaine in

445
00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:13,320
Speaker 1: your eyes. Came them open. This ship is strong as ass.

446
00:24:14,520 --> 00:24:20,639
Speaker 1: My therapist Kathy shout out if before I was about

447
00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:24,399
Speaker 1: to talk to her about um stalking people on social

448
00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:26,600
Speaker 1: media and how it's affecting my mental health. She poured

449
00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:30,159
Speaker 1: some cocaine into my eyes. I can't say how that

450
00:24:30,160 --> 00:24:34,720
Speaker 1: would affect our sessions. I think they'd be rather. I

451
00:24:34,800 --> 00:24:37,680
Speaker 1: think they'd be they'd go by really quickly. They would

452
00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:41,840
Speaker 1: go by very quickly. Yeah, and I would need a

453
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:44,800
Speaker 1: gallon of water to help my dry mouth. Look, as

454
00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:48,240
Speaker 1: far as I am aware, cocaine is a drug without downsides,

455
00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:51,600
Speaker 1: So I don't see why people shouldn't shouldn't take a

456
00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:55,080
Speaker 1: shipload of it. It's good for your part, good for you.

457
00:24:56,359 --> 00:25:01,400
Speaker 1: I've heard it has the ability to reduce u nasal problems,

458
00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:06,280
Speaker 1: cleans you out real for the next two days. Yeah,

459
00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:11,439
Speaker 1: for legal res no continue. You know what it is.

460
00:25:11,480 --> 00:25:14,080
Speaker 1: Time for an ad break and Behind the Bastards is

461
00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:19,480
Speaker 1: sponsored by the global cocaine industry. Behind the Bastards if

462
00:25:19,520 --> 00:25:29,120
Speaker 1: you like podcasts, you'll love cocaine. We're back and we're

463
00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:34,800
Speaker 1: celebrating the cocaine industry, an industry with no problems, sore

464
00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:39,280
Speaker 1: pr Yeah, carry one side of the story exactly. People

465
00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:41,480
Speaker 1: talk a lot about all the deaths, all the murders,

466
00:25:41,960 --> 00:25:44,800
Speaker 1: all the violence, violence, all the death squads funded by

467
00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:49,280
Speaker 1: cocaine exports. People never talk about the humble movie producers

468
00:25:50,040 --> 00:25:53,240
Speaker 1: railing cocaine off of the back of each other's iPhones

469
00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:57,400
Speaker 1: in the bathroom of a club. Yeah, Martin ever heard

470
00:25:57,440 --> 00:26:02,919
Speaker 1: of write another for and he never did anything problematic cocaine,

471
00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:09,000
Speaker 1: thank you. So now we were just talking about how

472
00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:12,680
Speaker 1: Dr Sigmund Freud and Dr Cohler Carl Koehler Um were

473
00:26:12,720 --> 00:26:16,040
Speaker 1: heavily responsible with popularizing cocaine in Germany. And both guys

474
00:26:16,040 --> 00:26:19,600
Speaker 1: are Jewish. This is relevant because cocaine takes off as

475
00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:22,880
Speaker 1: the Nazis are rising to and then getting into power. Um.

476
00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:26,119
Speaker 1: And so the Nazis condemn cocaine as a Jewish drug

477
00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:29,840
Speaker 1: corrupting pure Arean bodies, right um. They are not fans

478
00:26:29,880 --> 00:26:32,400
Speaker 1: of cocaine. And and this is why they can't really

479
00:26:32,440 --> 00:26:35,480
Speaker 1: come after opiates, right um. And they don't they have

480
00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:37,680
Speaker 1: these kind of they they kind of approached as a

481
00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:41,040
Speaker 1: public health problem. But they can't condemn opiate users because

482
00:26:41,080 --> 00:26:43,439
Speaker 1: most of a lot of opiate users are soldiers. And

483
00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:45,800
Speaker 1: there's this you have to like worship veterans in this

484
00:26:45,840 --> 00:26:48,760
Speaker 1: period of time, especially if you're the Nazis. But cocaine,

485
00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:51,879
Speaker 1: that's the drug that you know, the artists and and

486
00:26:51,880 --> 00:26:55,399
Speaker 1: and the queer people and the and the fucking psychiatrists

487
00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:59,480
Speaker 1: are doing you can you can demonize cocaine, you know um,

488
00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:03,119
Speaker 1: and they do so. Berlin decadence was a major topic

489
00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:05,200
Speaker 1: of complaint for the Nazis, and the city was a

490
00:27:05,280 --> 00:27:08,080
Speaker 1: hive of all things rad There were illegal, illegal dance

491
00:27:08,119 --> 00:27:10,879
Speaker 1: parties not similar to raves. There were infamous clubs like

492
00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:13,760
Speaker 1: the Bowhouse Ressi, which was kind of like the Studio

493
00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:15,440
Speaker 1: fifty four of its time is a place people would

494
00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:18,639
Speaker 1: meet and fucking do lots of cocaine. Since prostitution and

495
00:27:18,720 --> 00:27:22,360
Speaker 1: drug use was more or less legal in Berlin, tourists

496
00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:24,680
Speaker 1: from the United States would often travel there to fucking

497
00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:28,520
Speaker 1: snort themselves silly in blitzed older sites. The lyrics of

498
00:27:28,560 --> 00:27:30,760
Speaker 1: a contemporary song to set the mood of the time.

499
00:27:30,760 --> 00:27:32,439
Speaker 1: And I don't know what the tune of this song was,

500
00:27:32,480 --> 00:27:35,560
Speaker 1: but it's a good song. Once, not so very long ago,

501
00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:39,160
Speaker 1: sweet alcohol, that beast brought warmth and sweetness to our lives.

502
00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:42,200
Speaker 1: But then the price increased, and so cocaine and morphine.

503
00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:46,000
Speaker 1: Berliners now select. Let lightning flashes rage outside, we snort

504
00:27:46,040 --> 00:27:48,800
Speaker 1: and we inject. At dinner in the restaurant, the waiter

505
00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:51,280
Speaker 1: brings the tin of coke for us to feast upon.

506
00:27:51,480 --> 00:27:55,440
Speaker 1: Forget whiskey and gin let drowsy morphine take its subcutaneous

507
00:27:55,440 --> 00:27:58,800
Speaker 1: effect upon our nervous system. We snort and we inject.

508
00:27:59,119 --> 00:28:02,119
Speaker 1: These medications aren't allowed, of course, they're quite forbidden, but

509
00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:05,520
Speaker 1: even such a listid treats are very seldom hidden. Euphoria

510
00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:08,600
Speaker 1: awaits us, and though as we suspect our foes can't

511
00:28:08,600 --> 00:28:10,960
Speaker 1: wait to shoot us down, we snort and we inject.

512
00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:13,919
Speaker 1: And if we snort ourselves to death or into the asylum,

513
00:28:14,119 --> 00:28:17,120
Speaker 1: our days are going downhill fast. How better to beguile them.

514
00:28:17,359 --> 00:28:20,520
Speaker 1: Europe's a madhouse anyway, No need for ginia flecting. The

515
00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:25,080
Speaker 1: only way to paradise is snorting and injecting very fun.

516
00:28:25,160 --> 00:28:26,680
Speaker 1: And the way you read it and made it sound

517
00:28:26,760 --> 00:28:29,119
Speaker 1: like you're reading a children's book, Yeah, it would be

518
00:28:29,160 --> 00:28:31,280
Speaker 1: a good children's book. And it makes sense. This is

519
00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:34,080
Speaker 1: happening as the first kind of anti drug laws are

520
00:28:34,119 --> 00:28:36,480
Speaker 1: being pushed through and again they're not they're not nearly

521
00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:38,320
Speaker 1: as strict as anything we we live with today in

522
00:28:38,320 --> 00:28:40,840
Speaker 1: the United States, but they're the first, and the Nazis

523
00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:43,760
Speaker 1: are you know, they're complaining about drug use. But they're

524
00:28:43,760 --> 00:28:47,200
Speaker 1: also complaining about degeneracy, about artists, about about people who

525
00:28:47,200 --> 00:28:50,960
Speaker 1: are are queer, and there those people the like kind

526
00:28:51,040 --> 00:28:54,360
Speaker 1: of artistic intellectually can see what's coming, and they also

527
00:28:54,560 --> 00:28:57,720
Speaker 1: can't stop it because they didn't um. And that's what

528
00:28:57,760 --> 00:28:59,880
Speaker 1: the song is about, is like, well, we're about to

529
00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:02,040
Speaker 1: it all murdered by the Nazis. Might as well take

530
00:29:02,080 --> 00:29:06,720
Speaker 1: some heroin, right, Yeah, it's sending a little Yeah, the

531
00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:10,840
Speaker 1: prices increasing, it's not cutting it anymore. Yeah, time to

532
00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:14,400
Speaker 1: get yeah fucked up until the Nazis take total power. Yeah.

533
00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:18,800
Speaker 1: Hard to blot out what's happening. Yeah, yeah. Now, I

534
00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:23,440
Speaker 1: will say, somewhat ironically, Ohler's fullness of focus on Berlin

535
00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:25,240
Speaker 1: drug culture, the fact that he zero was in on

536
00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:28,280
Speaker 1: that so much, kind of focusing less on the rest

537
00:29:28,320 --> 00:29:31,000
Speaker 1: of Germany, seems to have been heavily influenced by Nazi

538
00:29:31,040 --> 00:29:32,920
Speaker 1: propaganda in a way that I think does make his

539
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:36,560
Speaker 1: overall work a little less accurate. He writes, quote anyone

540
00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:39,080
Speaker 1: who could afford it to cocaine the ultimate weapon for

541
00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:42,600
Speaker 1: intensifying the moment. Coke spread like wildfire and symbolize the

542
00:29:42,640 --> 00:29:44,720
Speaker 1: extravagance of the age on the other hand, it was

543
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:47,320
Speaker 1: viewed as a degenerate poison and disapproved of by both

544
00:29:47,320 --> 00:29:49,960
Speaker 1: communists and Nazis were fighting for power. In the streets,

545
00:29:50,200 --> 00:29:52,760
Speaker 1: there was violent opposition to the free and easy Zitgeist.

546
00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:56,200
Speaker 1: German nationalists railed against moral decay, and similar attacks were

547
00:29:56,200 --> 00:29:58,960
Speaker 1: heard from the conservatives. Though Berlin's new status as a

548
00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:02,280
Speaker 1: cultural metropolis was accepted with pride, the bourgeoisie, which was

549
00:30:02,320 --> 00:30:04,960
Speaker 1: losing status in the nineteen twenties, showed its in security

550
00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:08,320
Speaker 1: through its radical condemnation of mass pleasure culture, to cry

551
00:30:08,360 --> 00:30:11,800
Speaker 1: it as decadently western. Now, his job does a fine

552
00:30:12,280 --> 00:30:13,840
Speaker 1: His work here is a fine job of getting across

553
00:30:13,880 --> 00:30:16,360
Speaker 1: the way popular a German opinion, kind of at least

554
00:30:16,400 --> 00:30:18,920
Speaker 1: right wing opinions saw Berlin and the decadence of its

555
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:23,520
Speaker 1: artistic set. But it's also not historically accurate in absolute terms.

556
00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:25,120
Speaker 1: And to make that point, I want to quote from

557
00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:27,560
Speaker 1: a paper called the Drug Policy of the Third Reich

558
00:30:27,680 --> 00:30:31,400
Speaker 1: from the journal Social History of Alcohol. A drugs criminal

559
00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:34,880
Speaker 1: Commissar Ernst Angelbrecht of Berlin claimed in nineteen twenty four

560
00:30:34,920 --> 00:30:38,720
Speaker 1: that cocaine became most popular amongst female and male homosexuals.

561
00:30:38,760 --> 00:30:40,760
Speaker 1: To him, cocaine was not a problem. It had turned

562
00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:43,800
Speaker 1: to do an epidemic. Yet, according to contemporary estimates, the

563
00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:46,720
Speaker 1: city of Karl's rue Ragn reign supreme as the center

564
00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:49,640
Speaker 1: for cocaine consumption, with one point four or four grams

565
00:30:49,640 --> 00:30:52,720
Speaker 1: per thousand people, while Berlin remained second with a consumption

566
00:30:52,800 --> 00:30:55,080
Speaker 1: rate of one gram per thousand people, which is not

567
00:30:55,280 --> 00:30:59,680
Speaker 1: particularly high. Nineteen two marked the first German Anti So yeah,

568
00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:03,280
Speaker 1: he's is again there is cocaine. There is this kind

569
00:31:03,280 --> 00:31:05,560
Speaker 1: of very popular party sect and the Nazis make a lot,

570
00:31:05,680 --> 00:31:07,560
Speaker 1: a lot of haye of it. But in absolute terms,

571
00:31:07,880 --> 00:31:11,800
Speaker 1: Berlin isn't consuming a particularly large amount of cocaine. And again,

572
00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:13,680
Speaker 1: I think this is an area where the fact that

573
00:31:13,680 --> 00:31:16,560
Speaker 1: the Nazis harped on it so much has older focusing

574
00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:19,480
Speaker 1: on kind of the decadence of Berlin in a way

575
00:31:19,520 --> 00:31:21,680
Speaker 1: that that is kind of falling for their trap, because

576
00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:24,280
Speaker 1: it was not. Berlin itself was not nearly as decadent

577
00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:27,760
Speaker 1: or drug adduled as the propagandamate it seen. Based on

578
00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:31,640
Speaker 1: the numbers that we actually have, um but don't be

579
00:31:31,680 --> 00:31:35,920
Speaker 1: a problem. Was it sounds like, well, it peaked around

580
00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:39,960
Speaker 1: I think um three um it starts to decline to

581
00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:42,120
Speaker 1: this like, that's kind of the whole point is that Germany,

582
00:31:42,600 --> 00:31:44,800
Speaker 1: especially compared to the United States, does not have a

583
00:31:44,840 --> 00:31:48,480
Speaker 1: particularly big drug problem or drug culture. It's again very

584
00:31:48,520 --> 00:31:51,080
Speaker 1: prominent because a lot of famous people are involved in

585
00:31:51,120 --> 00:31:53,160
Speaker 1: like the set in Berlin that is doing a lot

586
00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:55,040
Speaker 1: of this, but that is that's kind of like a

587
00:31:55,080 --> 00:31:58,200
Speaker 1: subculture in Berlin. It's not the city and it's not

588
00:31:59,040 --> 00:32:02,280
Speaker 1: my mainstream in Germany. Um. And the fact that the

589
00:32:02,360 --> 00:32:05,000
Speaker 1: Nazis kind of blow it up into being Berlin is

590
00:32:05,040 --> 00:32:06,920
Speaker 1: the sin the hum of It's kind of like what

591
00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:09,520
Speaker 1: happens with like Portland, where like the city of Portland's

592
00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:11,880
Speaker 1: being burnt down every week because the right wing sees

593
00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:15,360
Speaker 1: a kid break a Starbucks window. Um, that's kind of

594
00:32:15,480 --> 00:32:19,840
Speaker 1: that's well, no, I was, I didn't break I didn't

595
00:32:19,840 --> 00:32:25,800
Speaker 1: see ship. But that that's kind of how That's kind

596
00:32:25,800 --> 00:32:28,040
Speaker 1: of how drug use in Berlin gets painted and and

597
00:32:28,080 --> 00:32:30,240
Speaker 1: a lot of people still see it in history just

598
00:32:30,320 --> 00:32:34,520
Speaker 1: because the Nazis made so much hay over the decadence

599
00:32:34,520 --> 00:32:36,360
Speaker 1: of the city, when the reality is the vast majority

600
00:32:36,360 --> 00:32:39,320
Speaker 1: of people in Berlin, Um, if they ever did indulge,

601
00:32:39,360 --> 00:32:42,719
Speaker 1: weren't doing it all that much. Um. It's buzzwords like

602
00:32:43,800 --> 00:32:48,400
Speaker 1: yeah now. Nineteen twenty four marked the first major German

603
00:32:48,440 --> 00:32:51,320
Speaker 1: anti drug law, which banned the sale of powder cocaine

604
00:32:51,360 --> 00:32:54,680
Speaker 1: from pharmacies. So didn't make it. You could still get

605
00:32:54,680 --> 00:32:57,520
Speaker 1: cocaine pretty much legally, you just couldn't buy powdered coke

606
00:32:57,600 --> 00:33:01,120
Speaker 1: from the pharmacy. Um and cocaine consumption is estimated to

607
00:33:01,120 --> 00:33:04,320
Speaker 1: have peaked in nineteen seven and fallen afterwards, So this

608
00:33:04,400 --> 00:33:07,160
Speaker 1: is definitely an area where Older engages in some counterfactual

609
00:33:07,200 --> 00:33:10,120
Speaker 1: prose to the sake of making his book more interesting. Um.

610
00:33:10,160 --> 00:33:12,680
Speaker 1: But that said, his writing does give a decent idea

611
00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:16,640
Speaker 1: of how the Nazis expressed their rhetoric around drugs. Quote.

612
00:33:17,240 --> 00:33:20,880
Speaker 1: Jews and drugs merged into a single toxic or epidemiological

613
00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:23,760
Speaker 1: unit that menaced Germany for decades. Are people have been

614
00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:26,479
Speaker 1: told by Marxists and Jews, your body belongs to you.

615
00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:29,200
Speaker 1: That was taken to mean that at social occasions between

616
00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:31,880
Speaker 1: men or between men and women, any quantities of alcohol

617
00:33:31,960 --> 00:33:34,200
Speaker 1: could be enjoyed, even at the cost of the body's health.

618
00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:37,880
Speaker 1: Irreconcilable with this Jewish Marxist view is the Teutonic German

619
00:33:37,920 --> 00:33:40,280
Speaker 1: idea that we are the bearers of the eternal legacy

620
00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:43,320
Speaker 1: of our ancestors, and that accordingly our body belongs to

621
00:33:43,360 --> 00:33:46,680
Speaker 1: the clan and the people as as helpstone Fear Criminal

622
00:33:46,720 --> 00:33:50,080
Speaker 1: Commissar Orwen Cosmel, who was from ninety one director of

623
00:33:50,120 --> 00:33:53,600
Speaker 1: the Reich Central Office for Combating Drug Transit Aggressions, asserted

624
00:33:53,640 --> 00:33:56,920
Speaker 1: that Jews play a supreme part in the international drug trade.

625
00:33:57,240 --> 00:34:00,520
Speaker 1: His work was concerned with eliminating international criminal who often

626
00:34:00,600 --> 00:34:03,520
Speaker 1: have roots and jewelry. The Nazi Party's Office of Racial

627
00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:06,680
Speaker 1: Policy claimed that the Jewish character was essentially drug dependent.

628
00:34:06,880 --> 00:34:09,719
Speaker 1: The intellectual urban Jew preferred cocaine or morphine to call

629
00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:12,520
Speaker 1: him his constantly excited nerves and give himself a feeling

630
00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:15,719
Speaker 1: of peace and inner security. Jewish doctors were rumored to

631
00:34:15,719 --> 00:34:20,240
Speaker 1: be often extraordinarily addicted to morphine. But he rather cooler,

632
00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:23,319
Speaker 1: rather conveniently ignores the fact that you know, again, in

633
00:34:23,320 --> 00:34:25,239
Speaker 1: focusing on this and those are all things the Nazis said,

634
00:34:25,239 --> 00:34:29,160
Speaker 1: they definitely again harped on Jewish drug use and like this,

635
00:34:29,320 --> 00:34:32,040
Speaker 1: the scourge of drug addiction and how it's Jewish, you know,

636
00:34:32,120 --> 00:34:35,680
Speaker 1: has Jewish origins. But immediately before the Nazi seizure of power,

637
00:34:35,719 --> 00:34:37,880
Speaker 1: the Reich Health Minister what wrote quote, to the knowledge

638
00:34:37,920 --> 00:34:39,879
Speaker 1: of the Reich Health Office, there is no illicit drug

639
00:34:39,880 --> 00:34:42,600
Speaker 1: trade in Berlin in a considerable amount, as opposed a

640
00:34:42,680 --> 00:34:45,480
Speaker 1: danger to the public. The circumstances in this respect have

641
00:34:45,560 --> 00:34:47,960
Speaker 1: changed completely in recent years. And this is nineteen thirty one.

642
00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:52,520
Speaker 1: So after seven drug use kind of all kinds declines rapidly,

643
00:34:52,520 --> 00:34:54,400
Speaker 1: and so by the point the Nazis are in power,

644
00:34:55,040 --> 00:34:58,560
Speaker 1: um there's really not much of a drug problem and

645
00:34:58,680 --> 00:35:02,080
Speaker 1: as a result, there's really not much of a drug crackdown.

646
00:35:02,560 --> 00:35:04,640
Speaker 1: And this is Ohler's main sin. In his book, as

647
00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:06,439
Speaker 1: I see it, he wants to draw a direct line

648
00:35:06,480 --> 00:35:08,879
Speaker 1: between the modern war on drugs and the Nazi war

649
00:35:08,960 --> 00:35:11,360
Speaker 1: on drugs, and so he notes that when the Central

650
00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:13,360
Speaker 1: while the Central Drug Law and the Third Reich was

651
00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:16,279
Speaker 1: a holdover from Fimar Germany, there were new drug regulations

652
00:35:16,320 --> 00:35:18,920
Speaker 1: put in place when the Nazis took power to further

653
00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:23,000
Speaker 1: Nazi ideas of racial hygiene. He claims that drug consulsumption

654
00:35:23,080 --> 00:35:26,239
Speaker 1: was heavily penalized starting in nineteen thirty three with prison time,

655
00:35:26,480 --> 00:35:28,680
Speaker 1: and appears to be making the claim the drug users

656
00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:31,760
Speaker 1: and Nazi Germany were penalized and thrown into concentration camps

657
00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:35,840
Speaker 1: like other political prisoners and racial minorities. This is something

658
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:40,359
Speaker 1: actual scholars who studied drug policy, and they disagree. While

659
00:35:40,440 --> 00:35:43,640
Speaker 1: you can find most of it was not and even

660
00:35:43,719 --> 00:35:47,560
Speaker 1: so we'll talk about it like consumption wasn't really criminalized,

661
00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:50,719
Speaker 1: and there was at no point where drug users gone

662
00:35:50,800 --> 00:35:54,440
Speaker 1: after and put in concentration camps in an organized way.

663
00:35:54,640 --> 00:35:56,400
Speaker 1: And I want to quote from that that paper by

664
00:35:56,480 --> 00:35:59,920
Speaker 1: Jonathan Levy again, quote drug use was never a cry

665
00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:03,400
Speaker 1: I'm in Germany. Thus habitual drug users or drug addicts

666
00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:07,080
Speaker 1: were not criminals. Therefore they were not considered habitual criminals

667
00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:10,719
Speaker 1: and could not be sent to a concentration camp. So

668
00:36:11,960 --> 00:36:14,200
Speaker 1: this is again if we're if when in terms of

669
00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:16,239
Speaker 1: critiquing Older, and this is a big chunk of the

670
00:36:16,280 --> 00:36:18,400
Speaker 1: early part of his book, and it is, you know,

671
00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:20,160
Speaker 1: there's two parts of this book. There's the part of

672
00:36:20,160 --> 00:36:22,680
Speaker 1: it where he's doing original research into Hitler's drug use

673
00:36:22,680 --> 00:36:24,279
Speaker 1: and Hitler's doctor, and there's a part of it where

674
00:36:24,280 --> 00:36:27,320
Speaker 1: he's kind of synthesizing a bunch of other historic reports

675
00:36:27,520 --> 00:36:29,759
Speaker 1: on the Nazis and drugs. And it's that part that,

676
00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:35,520
Speaker 1: in my opinion, he screws up the most. Um, So yeah, Um,

677
00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:39,640
Speaker 1: it's it's it's anyway. That's a little bit of a

678
00:36:39,719 --> 00:36:41,720
Speaker 1: rant on on this book, but I think it's important

679
00:36:41,719 --> 00:36:43,600
Speaker 1: to kind of get this this sort of stuff right.

680
00:36:44,160 --> 00:36:49,200
Speaker 1: Um and when you are important to get this stuff right? Yeah. Um.

681
00:36:49,280 --> 00:36:52,319
Speaker 1: And and Levy is is clear that he cannot find

682
00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:55,920
Speaker 1: And Levy's a guy who studies specifically Third Reich policies

683
00:36:55,960 --> 00:36:59,160
Speaker 1: on like drug policies. His conclusion is that there's no

684
00:36:59,239 --> 00:37:02,160
Speaker 1: evidence that again, in the Nazis talked a lot about

685
00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:04,840
Speaker 1: about racial hygiene, about how drug use, you know, was

686
00:37:04,880 --> 00:37:08,280
Speaker 1: it was a racial problem, But there's no evidence, according

687
00:37:08,280 --> 00:37:11,160
Speaker 1: to Levy, that that the Nazi drug policy was impacted

688
00:37:11,160 --> 00:37:14,239
Speaker 1: by their ideas on racial hygiene. So politicians and like

689
00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:16,520
Speaker 1: people were saying one thing, but in terms of like

690
00:37:16,680 --> 00:37:20,480
Speaker 1: what the actual legal changes worth, there's just not evidence

691
00:37:20,520 --> 00:37:22,879
Speaker 1: of that. Um. And I have to thank Levy knows

692
00:37:22,880 --> 00:37:26,080
Speaker 1: who shipped on this better than Owler does. So making

693
00:37:26,160 --> 00:37:30,279
Speaker 1: drug consumption of crime was really our thing. Oh yeah,

694
00:37:30,360 --> 00:37:32,120
Speaker 1: we we do the hell out of that. I mean

695
00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:37,200
Speaker 1: the Germans do now. But um yeah, and part again,

696
00:37:37,280 --> 00:37:39,319
Speaker 1: part of why the Nazis really didn't want to go

697
00:37:39,400 --> 00:37:42,880
Speaker 1: after drug users is because a lot of them were veterans.

698
00:37:43,480 --> 00:37:47,880
Speaker 1: Herman Garring was a drug addicted veteran in the Trench

699
00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:50,920
Speaker 1: generation were idolized, They were nearly worshiped by the Nazis.

700
00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:53,560
Speaker 1: If you've focused on junkies and demonizing them like that

701
00:37:53,560 --> 00:37:56,560
Speaker 1: would have been bad politics. It's also worth noting that

702
00:37:56,560 --> 00:37:59,520
Speaker 1: the German penal code, established during the Kaiser's Reich was

703
00:37:59,560 --> 00:38:03,000
Speaker 1: actually we would consider it wildly progressive on issues of

704
00:38:03,080 --> 00:38:05,359
Speaker 1: drug addiction compared to the United States. And I'm gonna

705
00:38:05,400 --> 00:38:08,759
Speaker 1: quote from Levy here. Addicts were not responsible for their

706
00:38:08,800 --> 00:38:11,280
Speaker 1: actions while under the influence of drugs and should receive

707
00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:14,040
Speaker 1: treatment instead of a jail sentence. Judges often agreed with

708
00:38:14,040 --> 00:38:16,319
Speaker 1: this position, but we're unable to force treatment, and we're

709
00:38:16,360 --> 00:38:19,480
Speaker 1: known to set free criminals unfit to stand trial. The

710
00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:22,400
Speaker 1: protection of drunken and intoxicated criminals existed in the German

711
00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:25,480
Speaker 1: Peedle code since its inception, And obviously that's not a

712
00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:27,680
Speaker 1: perfect way to do things either, being like, well, you

713
00:38:27,680 --> 00:38:29,840
Speaker 1: you raped it somebody, you beat the ship out of somebody,

714
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:32,680
Speaker 1: but you were drugs. Get out of here. They found

715
00:38:32,680 --> 00:38:38,719
Speaker 1: a bag of uh, you know, high sativa. Yeah, but

716
00:38:38,800 --> 00:38:40,560
Speaker 1: it is there is There is also an element of

717
00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:42,320
Speaker 1: that that's good, which is that like, well yeah it,

718
00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:45,600
Speaker 1: drug addictions should be treated as a health problem rather

719
00:38:45,640 --> 00:38:53,279
Speaker 1: than criminal problem. Um yeah yeah, progressing stating of that

720
00:38:53,800 --> 00:38:57,480
Speaker 1: smoked enough crack to move the US forward on drug policy.

721
00:38:57,800 --> 00:39:00,600
Speaker 1: Really doing your country service, and I mean that actually

722
00:39:00,600 --> 00:39:03,480
Speaker 1: sincerely you know who else is doing our country service?

723
00:39:03,520 --> 00:39:11,360
Speaker 1: Carolina Brand Brand, the sin Aaloa cartel producers until this

724
00:39:11,480 --> 00:39:15,600
Speaker 1: exact episode. No, No, we're we are peers seeing ala

725
00:39:15,719 --> 00:39:20,240
Speaker 1: these days. So curl up with a big fat bag

726
00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:23,960
Speaker 1: a cocaine and listen to a podcast while sweating heavily.

727
00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:28,160
Speaker 1: Make up pipe out of your mother's base, make a

728
00:39:28,239 --> 00:39:30,960
Speaker 1: pipe out of anything. A BP baby, always be piping.

729
00:39:31,480 --> 00:39:48,000
Speaker 1: It's my motto. We're back, Uh boy, so drugs? Um yeah.

730
00:39:48,080 --> 00:39:51,120
Speaker 1: So far I've mostly criticized Blitzed, and it doesn't deserve

731
00:39:51,160 --> 00:39:52,960
Speaker 1: some criticism. But now we're about to get into what

732
00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:55,440
Speaker 1: I think the book does very well, which is provide

733
00:39:55,480 --> 00:39:58,279
Speaker 1: the first really thorough history of a fascinating figure, one

734
00:39:58,280 --> 00:40:00,120
Speaker 1: of the few high up Nazis to be most lely

735
00:40:00,200 --> 00:40:06,240
Speaker 1: ignored by historians, Dr Theodore Morrell. In nine, psychiatrist Fritz

736
00:40:06,280 --> 00:40:10,440
Speaker 1: Redlick published a book titled Hitler diagnosis of a destructive profit.

737
00:40:10,800 --> 00:40:13,280
Speaker 1: It was an attempt to actually answer the to actually

738
00:40:13,320 --> 00:40:15,640
Speaker 1: answer the question, what the funk was going on with

739
00:40:15,719 --> 00:40:17,960
Speaker 1: that dude? With this in like a medical way, with

740
00:40:18,040 --> 00:40:20,880
Speaker 1: as much scientific rigor, Yeah, what was going on with

741
00:40:20,920 --> 00:40:24,000
Speaker 1: that guy? In as much of like a scientific way

742
00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:26,800
Speaker 1: as you could for a patient who's been dead for decades.

743
00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:29,840
Speaker 1: He used written in oral statements by Hitler and his

744
00:40:29,880 --> 00:40:32,120
Speaker 1: close associates to try and put together a picture of

745
00:40:32,120 --> 00:40:35,319
Speaker 1: the fewer's health. Red Look's book relied heavily upon Dr

746
00:40:35,360 --> 00:40:38,759
Speaker 1: Theodore Morrell Morrell's records, and I'm gonna quote from the

747
00:40:38,760 --> 00:40:42,040
Speaker 1: Psychiatric Times here. Before the outbreak of war in nineteen

748
00:40:42,080 --> 00:40:45,920
Speaker 1: thirty nine, Hitler's complaints included insomnia, eczema, and g I discomfort.

749
00:40:46,120 --> 00:40:48,520
Speaker 1: His health is known to have declined considerably starting in

750
00:40:48,600 --> 00:40:51,160
Speaker 1: nineteen forty one. Red Li excited a host of ailments,

751
00:40:51,160 --> 00:40:55,320
Speaker 1: including tonitis, severe headaches, dizziness, impaired vision, abdominal spasms, impairments

752
00:40:55,320 --> 00:40:58,920
Speaker 1: and motility, and during the final year of the war, jaundice, laryngitis,

753
00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:02,160
Speaker 1: running knows more abouts, g I spasms, trimmor of his hands,

754
00:41:02,160 --> 00:41:07,120
Speaker 1: and conspicuous difficulties in locomotion evidence of Parkinson's disease. In

755
00:41:07,200 --> 00:41:10,560
Speaker 1: ninety five, his GI symptoms and Trimmer's worsen't, eventually leaving

756
00:41:10,600 --> 00:41:13,160
Speaker 1: him unable to move around completely on his own. In

757
00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:15,720
Speaker 1: treating these symptoms over the years, Morrell prescribed for Hitler

758
00:41:15,760 --> 00:41:21,959
Speaker 1: a cocktail of medications that included opiates, morphine, oxycodone, barbiturous cocaine, amphetamines,

759
00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:25,160
Speaker 1: and bromides. In the end, red Lick drew a conclusion

760
00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:29,839
Speaker 1: that has been repeatedly repeated frequently ever since. Hitler abused amphetamines,

761
00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:33,040
Speaker 1: particularly between nineteen thirty nine and nineteen forty three, and

762
00:41:33,120 --> 00:41:38,280
Speaker 1: was temporarily impaired by such abuse, and this was probably

763
00:41:38,320 --> 00:41:41,000
Speaker 1: the most hitler A diagnosis, probably the most popular and

764
00:41:41,040 --> 00:41:43,480
Speaker 1: thorough look at Morele and Hitler's drug use prior to

765
00:41:43,520 --> 00:41:46,480
Speaker 1: Owler's work, and like Owler's work, red Lick's book was

766
00:41:46,520 --> 00:41:49,640
Speaker 1: heavily criticized. Experts noted that many of his sources were

767
00:41:49,680 --> 00:41:51,759
Speaker 1: unreliable because again, a lot of this is based on

768
00:41:52,800 --> 00:41:55,879
Speaker 1: personal recollections of Nazis who survived the war, who are

769
00:41:56,080 --> 00:42:01,120
Speaker 1: fundamentally untrustworthy people, um and yeah. And even more than that,

770
00:42:01,160 --> 00:42:03,560
Speaker 1: they criticized red Lick for the fact that his emphasis

771
00:42:03,560 --> 00:42:06,480
Speaker 1: on the fears drug abuse came close to excusing Hitler's

772
00:42:06,520 --> 00:42:09,480
Speaker 1: crimes um, which you obviously never want to do. And

773
00:42:09,520 --> 00:42:11,640
Speaker 1: the same criticism is made of Blitz. We'll see how

774
00:42:11,640 --> 00:42:13,200
Speaker 1: we feel about that at the end of this but

775
00:42:13,360 --> 00:42:14,920
Speaker 1: right now I think it's time to get into the

776
00:42:14,920 --> 00:42:17,319
Speaker 1: meat of Hler's work, which is his portrait of Dr

777
00:42:17,400 --> 00:42:20,400
Speaker 1: Morrell and the relationship Hitler had with his primary physician.

778
00:42:20,760 --> 00:42:25,319
Speaker 1: Here's how Older introduces morrel quote. The word Jew was

779
00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:27,879
Speaker 1: smeared on the plaque of a doctor's surgery on bay

780
00:42:27,960 --> 00:42:31,520
Speaker 1: Ruther Strasse in Berlin's Charlottenburg district one night in nineteen

781
00:42:31,520 --> 00:42:34,080
Speaker 1: thirty three. The name of the doctor, a specialist in

782
00:42:34,120 --> 00:42:38,440
Speaker 1: dermatological and sexually transmitted diseases, was illegible. Only the opening

783
00:42:38,440 --> 00:42:41,560
Speaker 1: hours could still be seen clearly weekdays eleven to one

784
00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:45,200
Speaker 1: and five to seven apart from Saturday afternoon. The overweight,

785
00:42:45,239 --> 00:42:48,200
Speaker 1: baldtor Theodore Morrell reacted to the attack in a way

786
00:42:48,200 --> 00:42:50,600
Speaker 1: that was typical, That was as typical as it was wretched.

787
00:42:50,840 --> 00:42:54,160
Speaker 1: He quickly joined the Nazi Party to diffuse further hostilities

788
00:42:54,200 --> 00:42:57,000
Speaker 1: of that kind. Morel was not a Jew. The essay

789
00:42:57,000 --> 00:42:59,160
Speaker 1: had wrongly suspected him of being one because of his

790
00:42:59,239 --> 00:43:02,040
Speaker 1: dark complexion. After he had registered as a party member,

791
00:43:02,080 --> 00:43:05,520
Speaker 1: Morrell's practice became even more successful. It expanded and moved

792
00:43:05,560 --> 00:43:07,840
Speaker 1: into the lavish rooms of a nineteenth century building on

793
00:43:07,880 --> 00:43:12,120
Speaker 1: the corner of First and dom and fasanen Strassa. Now,

794
00:43:12,480 --> 00:43:15,760
Speaker 1: Morrel was not at all unique in joining the Nazi

795
00:43:15,800 --> 00:43:19,839
Speaker 1: Party to avoid, you know, getting getting accused of being Jewish. Yeah,

796
00:43:20,040 --> 00:43:23,239
Speaker 1: very common. He was one of and again not just

797
00:43:23,320 --> 00:43:25,000
Speaker 1: for that reason. He was one of what hundreds of

798
00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:27,200
Speaker 1: thousands of German professionals who are what you would call

799
00:43:27,280 --> 00:43:30,920
Speaker 1: a political Nazis. If the Nazi Party had never come around,

800
00:43:31,120 --> 00:43:33,399
Speaker 1: they probably never would have done anything bad. They would

801
00:43:33,400 --> 00:43:36,719
Speaker 1: have done whatever their fucking job is, right, Um. But

802
00:43:36,840 --> 00:43:40,200
Speaker 1: because being the best way to further their career or

803
00:43:40,239 --> 00:43:42,480
Speaker 1: just make life easier was to join the Nazi Party,

804
00:43:42,719 --> 00:43:45,399
Speaker 1: they joined the Nazi Party and thus played some role

805
00:43:45,560 --> 00:43:51,640
Speaker 1: in the Holocaust. Um. And Yeah, so, as you might expect,

806
00:43:51,719 --> 00:43:55,440
Speaker 1: Morrell was not a great doctor. Again, std s were

807
00:43:55,520 --> 00:43:58,600
Speaker 1: kind of his primary area of expertise. But the thing

808
00:43:58,640 --> 00:44:00,880
Speaker 1: that he really loved to focus us on was the

809
00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:04,760
Speaker 1: very new field of vitamins. Now, in the early nineteen hundreds,

810
00:44:04,920 --> 00:44:07,520
Speaker 1: we'd figured out that vitamins were things and that you

811
00:44:07,560 --> 00:44:09,560
Speaker 1: would die without them, but we did not know a

812
00:44:09,600 --> 00:44:11,680
Speaker 1: whole lot more than that. Right, vitamin is still a

813
00:44:11,719 --> 00:44:14,839
Speaker 1: pretty new concept that there's like there's these things that

814
00:44:14,880 --> 00:44:17,760
Speaker 1: if you don't get enough of them, you your body

815
00:44:17,840 --> 00:44:21,560
Speaker 1: stops breaking. Yeah. Um, so there was an idea. And

816
00:44:21,680 --> 00:44:23,560
Speaker 1: when we start to realize, like, oh shit, vitamin C

817
00:44:23,920 --> 00:44:25,680
Speaker 1: or like you know, potassium, you can have you can

818
00:44:25,719 --> 00:44:28,000
Speaker 1: feel immediate effects when you take some of this stuff

819
00:44:28,040 --> 00:44:29,839
Speaker 1: like B twelve, right, and you can if you ever,

820
00:44:29,880 --> 00:44:31,880
Speaker 1: if you especially if you're dealing with it, get efficiency,

821
00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:36,000
Speaker 1: like it's it's fucking quick. Um. And so that that

822
00:44:36,040 --> 00:44:39,440
Speaker 1: convinces a lot of people that, like, you can, you know,

823
00:44:39,480 --> 00:44:41,800
Speaker 1: if some of these can have such an immediate effect

824
00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:44,600
Speaker 1: on people who are vitamin efficient, maybe taking shiploads of

825
00:44:44,719 --> 00:44:48,680
Speaker 1: vitamins will like make you superhuman, right, like just inject

826
00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:51,719
Speaker 1: huge doses of them and you'll be you know, it's

827
00:44:51,800 --> 00:44:55,880
Speaker 1: it's it's Joe roganesque stuff, right, like it's the it

828
00:44:55,880 --> 00:44:59,000
Speaker 1: also reminds me of being and having to eat a

829
00:44:59,040 --> 00:45:04,080
Speaker 1: bunch of this. Yeah, let's see what happened. Yeah, yeah exactly,

830
00:45:04,200 --> 00:45:07,600
Speaker 1: And like eating a bunch of nutmeg. Taking shiploads of

831
00:45:07,680 --> 00:45:10,480
Speaker 1: vitamins is a mixed bag and can make you poop

832
00:45:10,520 --> 00:45:15,600
Speaker 1: a tremendous amount. Um, shout out to vitamin C. Shout

833
00:45:15,640 --> 00:45:19,440
Speaker 1: out to vitamin C. So obviously, vitamin injections can be

834
00:45:19,480 --> 00:45:22,680
Speaker 1: powerful menas and save people's lives in certain circumstances, right,

835
00:45:22,800 --> 00:45:27,760
Speaker 1: incredible potential for malnourished people and people with certain disorders.

836
00:45:27,760 --> 00:45:30,120
Speaker 1: And also like, there are certain vitamin shots like if

837
00:45:30,160 --> 00:45:32,080
Speaker 1: you're hungover and ship you'll be like, oh fuck, I

838
00:45:32,080 --> 00:45:36,399
Speaker 1: feel like I feel like a king right now, you know. Um, Now,

839
00:45:36,480 --> 00:45:41,080
Speaker 1: the early nineteen hundreds was a time oh sorry, so um,

840
00:45:41,120 --> 00:45:44,440
Speaker 1: there is like vitamin injections that's not like snake oil necessarily,

841
00:45:44,480 --> 00:45:46,840
Speaker 1: that's not something that's even necessarily bad for you. But

842
00:45:46,920 --> 00:45:49,720
Speaker 1: Morrell marketed his vitamin injections in a way that again

843
00:45:50,040 --> 00:45:53,279
Speaker 1: wouldn't have seemed out of place on like a podcast

844
00:45:53,320 --> 00:45:56,760
Speaker 1: add today. Um. He was, in short, a snake oil salesman,

845
00:45:56,760 --> 00:45:58,359
Speaker 1: and he relied on the fact that vitamins were new

846
00:45:58,400 --> 00:46:01,480
Speaker 1: and sexy to help him market the a performance enhancers.

847
00:46:01,640 --> 00:46:04,239
Speaker 1: He had this thing called Vita Molton, which was he

848
00:46:04,360 --> 00:46:06,080
Speaker 1: sold it in both like bar form and in a

849
00:46:06,160 --> 00:46:09,200
Speaker 1: shot that was basically like this powerful vitamin injection that

850
00:46:09,239 --> 00:46:12,319
Speaker 1: he eventually added like a whole bunch of other stuff too.

851
00:46:12,320 --> 00:46:16,360
Speaker 1: We'll talk about it, um and again. You know, because

852
00:46:16,680 --> 00:46:18,719
Speaker 1: vitamins don't have a huge impact on people who are

853
00:46:18,719 --> 00:46:22,160
Speaker 1: already well nourished, Morrell it points would make the decision

854
00:46:22,200 --> 00:46:25,400
Speaker 1: to mix real drugs and hormones into his vitamin shots

855
00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:28,960
Speaker 1: because like, yeah, you want them to like feel something immediately, right,

856
00:46:29,160 --> 00:46:32,000
Speaker 1: Put a little amphetamine in there, you know, a little

857
00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:36,279
Speaker 1: bit of fucking put some fucking testosterone in there, you know. Um, Like,

858
00:46:37,040 --> 00:46:39,840
Speaker 1: so he was he was doping people. It wasn't just vitamins.

859
00:46:39,840 --> 00:46:42,960
Speaker 1: It was often like steroids. It was or or you know, amphetamines,

860
00:46:42,960 --> 00:46:46,799
Speaker 1: and eventually like a shiploaded like everything. He could get

861
00:46:46,800 --> 00:46:48,479
Speaker 1: a caffeine A lot of the time he would shoot

862
00:46:48,520 --> 00:46:51,080
Speaker 1: caffeine in you know. It's kind of because again, if

863
00:46:51,080 --> 00:46:54,959
Speaker 1: you're this guy, if someone's well nourished, just most vitamin shots,

864
00:46:54,960 --> 00:46:56,560
Speaker 1: they're not kind of feel anything. So shoot a bunch

865
00:46:56,560 --> 00:46:58,359
Speaker 1: of caffeine in there too. They'll feel that. They'll feel

866
00:46:58,400 --> 00:47:00,799
Speaker 1: like something's going on, you know, like ship like i'm

867
00:47:00,840 --> 00:47:05,360
Speaker 1: i'm i'm, I'm, I'm I'm powerful now. Um, it's a

868
00:47:05,400 --> 00:47:08,920
Speaker 1: smart con move. It's a smart telling someone that you

869
00:47:09,040 --> 00:47:11,080
Speaker 1: are giving them vitamins but really are giving them a

870
00:47:11,120 --> 00:47:14,560
Speaker 1: cup of coffee. It probably does feel like something's working. Yeah,

871
00:47:14,600 --> 00:47:17,800
Speaker 1: So for male patients, he often shot added in testosterone

872
00:47:17,800 --> 00:47:20,000
Speaker 1: to act as an anabolic steroid. For female patients, he

873
00:47:20,040 --> 00:47:23,239
Speaker 1: would include nightshade to help with energy and because he

874
00:47:23,239 --> 00:47:26,000
Speaker 1: thought it made their eyes prettier. If that wasn't enough

875
00:47:26,040 --> 00:47:28,120
Speaker 1: of a boost, he was not above using more powerful

876
00:47:28,160 --> 00:47:31,840
Speaker 1: stimulants like methamphetamine. We'll talk about method more detail later,

877
00:47:31,880 --> 00:47:34,400
Speaker 1: but the point is Morrel's only true talent as a

878
00:47:34,400 --> 00:47:36,800
Speaker 1: position was marketing and the fact that he seems to

879
00:47:36,840 --> 00:47:39,399
Speaker 1: have been really good at injecting people. There were folks

880
00:47:39,440 --> 00:47:41,880
Speaker 1: who said you couldn't even feel him pricky with the needle.

881
00:47:42,080 --> 00:47:44,960
Speaker 1: He was so good at what he did. Now today's

882
00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:48,360
Speaker 1: fascists are so obsessed with traditionalism that it's often forgotten

883
00:47:48,360 --> 00:47:51,920
Speaker 1: that the o g s were futurists. Fascism was obsessed

884
00:47:51,960 --> 00:47:55,840
Speaker 1: with machinery, with cutting edge science, ultra modern medical science.

885
00:47:55,840 --> 00:47:59,319
Speaker 1: Fascism was a modern thing. They loved cars, they loved

886
00:47:59,360 --> 00:48:02,840
Speaker 1: machine gun, they loved planes. Eugenics at the time was

887
00:48:02,880 --> 00:48:07,879
Speaker 1: considered hip and exciting science. Morrell adopted from the States. Yeah, yeah,

888
00:48:07,920 --> 00:48:10,040
Speaker 1: the eugenics and stuff. Sure, I mean a decent amount

889
00:48:10,040 --> 00:48:13,160
Speaker 1: of this was um and Morrell's vitamin shots fit in

890
00:48:13,160 --> 00:48:16,319
Speaker 1: well with the vibe of the early Nazi years. By

891
00:48:16,400 --> 00:48:18,600
Speaker 1: nineteen thirty six, he was one of the most prominent

892
00:48:18,640 --> 00:48:20,480
Speaker 1: doctors in the Reich, and that's the year he got

893
00:48:20,480 --> 00:48:23,319
Speaker 1: a phone call from Hitler's adjutant asking him to make

894
00:48:23,360 --> 00:48:26,839
Speaker 1: a house call for Heinrich Hoffman, the Fewer's official photographer.

895
00:48:27,480 --> 00:48:31,080
Speaker 1: Hoffman had contracted gonorrhea and not from his wife. Since

896
00:48:31,120 --> 00:48:33,479
Speaker 1: he was a prominent Nazi, the regime wanted to treat

897
00:48:33,520 --> 00:48:35,799
Speaker 1: him in a hush hush manner. Morrell knew a lot

898
00:48:35,840 --> 00:48:38,640
Speaker 1: about STDs and was able to treat the photographer easily.

899
00:48:38,920 --> 00:48:40,920
Speaker 1: The Nazis were so grateful that they gave him and

900
00:48:40,960 --> 00:48:42,959
Speaker 1: his wife a fancy trip to Venice as a thank

901
00:48:42,960 --> 00:48:45,960
Speaker 1: you for his discretion. Afterwards, he was invited to dine

902
00:48:46,000 --> 00:48:48,560
Speaker 1: with the Hoffman's in Munich. Hitler showed up and the

903
00:48:48,560 --> 00:48:51,399
Speaker 1: group ate all the Nazi leaders in the group all eight.

904
00:48:51,440 --> 00:48:55,120
Speaker 1: The Nazi leader's favorite meal spaghetti with nutmeg tomato sauce,

905
00:48:55,120 --> 00:48:58,959
Speaker 1: on the side and green salad from whitst quote, Yeah,

906
00:48:59,040 --> 00:49:03,600
Speaker 1: Hitler's weird, weird eater. Hitler, who had heard a great

907
00:49:03,600 --> 00:49:06,040
Speaker 1: many good things about the jovial Morrell, thanked him before

908
00:49:06,040 --> 00:49:08,560
Speaker 1: dinner for treating his old comrade and regretted not having

909
00:49:08,560 --> 00:49:11,000
Speaker 1: met the doctor before. Perhaps then his chauffeur, who had

910
00:49:11,040 --> 00:49:13,359
Speaker 1: died of meningitis a few months earlier, would have still

911
00:49:13,400 --> 00:49:16,600
Speaker 1: been alive. Morrell reacted nervously for the compliment and barely

912
00:49:16,600 --> 00:49:19,680
Speaker 1: spoke during the spaghetti dinner. The constantly sweating doctor, with

913
00:49:19,760 --> 00:49:21,719
Speaker 1: the full face and the thick round glasses on his

914
00:49:21,760 --> 00:49:24,239
Speaker 1: potato nose, knew that in higher circles he was not

915
00:49:24,320 --> 00:49:27,560
Speaker 1: considered socially acceptable. His only chance of acceptance lay in

916
00:49:27,560 --> 00:49:30,040
Speaker 1: his injections, so he pricked up his ears. When Hitler,

917
00:49:30,160 --> 00:49:32,640
Speaker 1: in the course of the evening, talked almost in passing

918
00:49:32,640 --> 00:49:35,480
Speaker 1: about severe stomach and intestinal pains that had been tormenting

919
00:49:35,520 --> 00:49:39,080
Speaker 1: him for years, Morrell hastily mentioned an unusual treatment that

920
00:49:39,160 --> 00:49:42,400
Speaker 1: might prove successful. Hitler looked at him quizzically and invited

921
00:49:42,400 --> 00:49:45,319
Speaker 1: Morrell and his wife to further consultations at the Berghoff,

922
00:49:45,440 --> 00:49:48,879
Speaker 1: his mountain retreat in the Ober Saltzburg near Berkdscaden. There.

923
00:49:48,920 --> 00:49:51,680
Speaker 1: A few days later, during a private conversation, the dictator

924
00:49:51,719 --> 00:49:53,839
Speaker 1: frankly admitted to Morrell that his health was now so

925
00:49:53,880 --> 00:49:57,000
Speaker 1: poor that he could barely perform any action. That was

926
00:49:57,080 --> 00:49:59,239
Speaker 1: he claimed due to the bad treatment given to him

927
00:49:59,239 --> 00:50:01,960
Speaker 1: by his previous doctors, who couldn't come up with anything

928
00:50:01,960 --> 00:50:04,239
Speaker 1: but starving him. Then, if there happened to be an

929
00:50:04,280 --> 00:50:06,520
Speaker 1: abundant dinner on the program, which was often the case,

930
00:50:06,560 --> 00:50:09,759
Speaker 1: he immediately suffered from unspeakable bloating and itchy exima on

931
00:50:09,800 --> 00:50:11,719
Speaker 1: both legs, so that he had to walk around with

932
00:50:11,760 --> 00:50:15,320
Speaker 1: bandages around his feet and couldn't wear boots. Morrell immediately

933
00:50:15,400 --> 00:50:18,440
Speaker 1: thought he recognized the cause of Hitler's complaints and diagnosed

934
00:50:18,480 --> 00:50:22,960
Speaker 1: abnormal bacterial flora causing poor digestion. Now we don't know

935
00:50:23,080 --> 00:50:25,359
Speaker 1: exactly what was wrong with Hitler at this point. Like

936
00:50:25,480 --> 00:50:28,520
Speaker 1: medically in the mid odds, historian Hendrik A. Berl and

937
00:50:28,560 --> 00:50:32,560
Speaker 1: physician Hans Joachim Neuman attempted to diagnose the fear's physical maladies.

938
00:50:32,560 --> 00:50:35,520
Speaker 1: And I'm gonna quote from the Psychiatric Times here. While

939
00:50:35,520 --> 00:50:38,040
Speaker 1: the German Chancellor appears to have not suffered from any

940
00:50:38,080 --> 00:50:40,800
Speaker 1: major acute illnesses. He was a victim of chronic diseases.

941
00:50:41,080 --> 00:50:44,560
Speaker 1: Neuman and Eberil confirmed that Hitler's longstanding ailments were g

942
00:50:44,680 --> 00:50:47,160
Speaker 1: I and nature. There are also signs and medical records

943
00:50:47,160 --> 00:50:52,040
Speaker 1: of progressive coronary sclerosis and high blood pressure. Most prominently, however,

944
00:50:52,280 --> 00:50:55,040
Speaker 1: Neuiman and A. Burrow confirmed the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease,

945
00:50:55,040 --> 00:50:58,760
Speaker 1: which really started in the early So he's got eximant,

946
00:50:58,800 --> 00:51:00,640
Speaker 1: he's got something on his GI gives him this, and

947
00:51:00,840 --> 00:51:04,160
Speaker 1: this is his main complaint. He has this horrific, debilitating

948
00:51:04,200 --> 00:51:06,319
Speaker 1: gas pain. His gas is so bad that like he

949
00:51:06,360 --> 00:51:08,600
Speaker 1: can't he can't function a lot of the time when

950
00:51:08,600 --> 00:51:11,319
Speaker 1: he eats. Some of this is probably exacerbated by his

951
00:51:11,400 --> 00:51:14,640
Speaker 1: vegetarian diet. He probably had IBS as a result of

952
00:51:14,680 --> 00:51:17,080
Speaker 1: his time in the trenches. You talk about people particularly

953
00:51:17,080 --> 00:51:20,080
Speaker 1: who were over in like Iraq and Afghanistan earlier in

954
00:51:20,120 --> 00:51:23,200
Speaker 1: those wars, before there was as much infrastructure on the U.

955
00:51:23,280 --> 00:51:25,360
Speaker 1: S side, nearly all of them have some sort of

956
00:51:25,400 --> 00:51:27,359
Speaker 1: ib S. It's just something you get when you're in

957
00:51:27,360 --> 00:51:30,840
Speaker 1: in trenches. The water's dirty and stuff. Um. There's a

958
00:51:30,920 --> 00:51:34,200
Speaker 1: number of things that are probably going on with Hitler. Um,

959
00:51:34,239 --> 00:51:36,920
Speaker 1: but it is. It is likely right that he had

960
00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:40,000
Speaker 1: something going wrong with his bacterial flora, you know, Um,

961
00:51:40,040 --> 00:51:43,279
Speaker 1: perhaps because of you know, his injuries during the war

962
00:51:43,400 --> 00:51:47,439
Speaker 1: or something. Um. But we now know that like, yeah,

963
00:51:47,480 --> 00:51:49,560
Speaker 1: all the bad food eats, gut bacteria have a big

964
00:51:49,600 --> 00:51:53,040
Speaker 1: impact on your health. Um. And that was starting to

965
00:51:53,080 --> 00:51:55,520
Speaker 1: be understood then. It's still kind of a primitive science

966
00:51:55,560 --> 00:51:59,799
Speaker 1: now comparatively, um. And Morrell prescribed his leaders something called

967
00:52:00,040 --> 00:52:03,200
Speaker 1: Utah floor. This was a gut bacterious supplement. It had

968
00:52:03,239 --> 00:52:06,400
Speaker 1: actually been crafted from the intestinal flora of a German

969
00:52:06,520 --> 00:52:08,759
Speaker 1: soldier who had been sent to the Balkans during World

970
00:52:08,840 --> 00:52:10,640
Speaker 1: War One and had been like the only guy in

971
00:52:10,719 --> 00:52:13,680
Speaker 1: his unit not to get horrible stomach issues. So that's

972
00:52:13,680 --> 00:52:15,840
Speaker 1: actually a really good medical thing. He's like, well, that

973
00:52:15,920 --> 00:52:17,680
Speaker 1: guy seems like, let's get the ship out of his

974
00:52:17,719 --> 00:52:19,440
Speaker 1: guts and like give it to other people, you know.

975
00:52:19,960 --> 00:52:23,000
Speaker 1: And Muda floor was live bacteria in capsules, taken with

976
00:52:23,040 --> 00:52:24,840
Speaker 1: the hope that they'd set up permanent shop in the

977
00:52:24,840 --> 00:52:27,800
Speaker 1: patient's bowels. This was real medicine, and its impact on

978
00:52:27,880 --> 00:52:31,120
Speaker 1: hitler g I track was apparently powerful and quick. Hitler

979
00:52:31,400 --> 00:52:34,759
Speaker 1: experienced immediate relief, although not permanent relief. So I don't

980
00:52:34,760 --> 00:52:37,000
Speaker 1: know exactly what was going on here, but he was

981
00:52:37,040 --> 00:52:39,640
Speaker 1: so overjoyed to be cured, as he felt at the time,

982
00:52:39,680 --> 00:52:42,760
Speaker 1: that he gave Morella house and made him his personal physician.

983
00:52:43,400 --> 00:52:46,279
Speaker 1: But Morrell wasn't a gut bacteria specialist. He was a

984
00:52:46,400 --> 00:52:49,160
Speaker 1: vitamin man. Hitler still had health complaints, and a lot

985
00:52:49,160 --> 00:52:51,640
Speaker 1: of them were probably due to permanent injuries caused by

986
00:52:51,640 --> 00:52:53,080
Speaker 1: his service and the fact that he was just an

987
00:52:53,120 --> 00:52:55,439
Speaker 1: aging man, you know, in a time when medicine wasn't

988
00:52:55,520 --> 00:52:58,359
Speaker 1: very good. So Morrell was able to convince his new

989
00:52:58,360 --> 00:53:01,480
Speaker 1: boss that vitamins were the Antswer, You're not tired because

990
00:53:01,960 --> 00:53:05,800
Speaker 1: you're pushing fifty and you have been, you know, going

991
00:53:05,840 --> 00:53:08,160
Speaker 1: without sleep and working like a crazy person, and like

992
00:53:08,239 --> 00:53:10,759
Speaker 1: you were injured and suffered permanent damage in the war.

993
00:53:10,800 --> 00:53:13,640
Speaker 1: You're tired because you need these vitamin injections that are

994
00:53:13,680 --> 00:53:18,680
Speaker 1: also full of caffeine or sometimes amphetamines, you know. Um.

995
00:53:18,719 --> 00:53:23,200
Speaker 1: So he was basically like, I you're you're you can't

996
00:53:23,600 --> 00:53:26,640
Speaker 1: like you need vitamins, And because vitamin pills take too

997
00:53:26,640 --> 00:53:28,839
Speaker 1: long and your schedule is so demanding, I've just got

998
00:53:28,840 --> 00:53:31,280
Speaker 1: to start shooting you up every time before a speech

999
00:53:31,360 --> 00:53:34,800
Speaker 1: in order to like get you get you hyped up. Yeah,

1000
00:53:34,880 --> 00:53:37,680
Speaker 1: and Morrel starts getting Hitler's shots and he never stops

1001
00:53:37,760 --> 00:53:39,719
Speaker 1: until the very end of the war. And he would

1002
00:53:39,719 --> 00:53:45,000
Speaker 1: put a wide variety of substances into the Nazi leader's veins, iodine, vitamin's, chalk,

1003
00:53:45,080 --> 00:53:47,840
Speaker 1: and when Hitler had a big speech, a power injection

1004
00:53:48,200 --> 00:53:50,799
Speaker 1: which often contained glucoset to give him a boost of

1005
00:53:50,800 --> 00:53:54,680
Speaker 1: sugar sugar fueled energy, probably caffeine. Also. A lot of

1006
00:53:54,719 --> 00:53:58,640
Speaker 1: the time, Morrel's immediate goal was an instant cessation of symptoms.

1007
00:53:58,640 --> 00:54:01,480
Speaker 1: So if you're tired, he wants you to wired right away,

1008
00:54:01,520 --> 00:54:05,319
Speaker 1: you know. Um. And to that end, he continually experimented

1009
00:54:05,360 --> 00:54:07,799
Speaker 1: and tweaked the injections he was giving Hitler. We don't

1010
00:54:07,840 --> 00:54:11,080
Speaker 1: always know what they included, um, because sometimes just I

1011
00:54:11,120 --> 00:54:13,759
Speaker 1: gave him, you know, shot number whatever, and it's like, okay, well,

1012
00:54:13,760 --> 00:54:16,360
Speaker 1: what the funk was in that? And older does a

1013
00:54:16,360 --> 00:54:18,759
Speaker 1: lot of good work to try to diagnose it. You know,

1014
00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:22,040
Speaker 1: a lot of times that aren't recorded, there's probably some

1015
00:54:22,160 --> 00:54:24,719
Speaker 1: if not amphetamine, then at least caffeine, and these things

1016
00:54:24,800 --> 00:54:28,560
Speaker 1: we don't always know. Um. We do know that in

1017
00:54:29,440 --> 00:54:32,640
Speaker 1: seven UM, the Nazi leader lost his voice before a

1018
00:54:32,680 --> 00:54:35,800
Speaker 1: big speech, and Moreau gave him an injection of something

1019
00:54:36,080 --> 00:54:38,799
Speaker 1: that is said to have cured him immediately, Like, who

1020
00:54:38,840 --> 00:54:40,640
Speaker 1: knows what the funk he was shooting into the guy?

1021
00:54:42,600 --> 00:54:47,840
Speaker 1: Just tell Hitler to lip sync? Yeah, um soon. Morrel

1022
00:54:47,960 --> 00:54:50,360
Speaker 1: was so indispensable to the few that he was forced

1023
00:54:50,440 --> 00:54:52,920
Speaker 1: to let his medical practice shrivel up from lack of attention.

1024
00:54:52,960 --> 00:54:55,480
Speaker 1: Hitler couldn't let him be away from him right, um,

1025
00:54:55,480 --> 00:54:57,959
Speaker 1: he needed him kind of available on call at all time.

1026
00:54:58,560 --> 00:55:01,440
Speaker 1: Hitler was an all concer booming patient, but he rewarded

1027
00:55:01,520 --> 00:55:04,840
Speaker 1: Dr Morrell wealth, making him a wealthy man. In nineteen

1028
00:55:04,880 --> 00:55:07,840
Speaker 1: thirty eight, he gave his doctor an honored professorship. For

1029
00:55:07,920 --> 00:55:10,600
Speaker 1: his part, Morrell kept looking for new substances to shoot

1030
00:55:10,640 --> 00:55:14,080
Speaker 1: into Hitler's body. The nineteen thirty six Olympics had seen

1031
00:55:14,120 --> 00:55:16,239
Speaker 1: the advent of the use of benz adrine, which is

1032
00:55:16,480 --> 00:55:19,160
Speaker 1: classic speed when your parents talking about you and speed

1033
00:55:19,160 --> 00:55:24,000
Speaker 1: in the seventies. That's Benny's baby. Yeah, you can still

1034
00:55:24,000 --> 00:55:26,160
Speaker 1: get it today. If you get a benza, drecs and hailer,

1035
00:55:26,239 --> 00:55:28,360
Speaker 1: you make it. They're little allergy and hailers. You just

1036
00:55:28,400 --> 00:55:30,279
Speaker 1: make sure that they say benz adrine. On him. You

1037
00:55:30,360 --> 00:55:32,799
Speaker 1: pop them open, you take the little cotton cloth out

1038
00:55:32,800 --> 00:55:36,120
Speaker 1: throat in a water bottle, you're good to go. Allegedly.

1039
00:55:36,760 --> 00:55:43,200
Speaker 1: Allegedly yeah, um so yeah. Benz Adrine gets big after

1040
00:55:43,200 --> 00:55:46,080
Speaker 1: the thirty six Olympics and a German pharmaceutical company makes

1041
00:55:46,080 --> 00:55:47,880
Speaker 1: a note of this. They're like, well, it seems like

1042
00:55:47,880 --> 00:55:51,040
Speaker 1: people love speed, we should develop a better speed. And

1043
00:55:51,080 --> 00:55:53,680
Speaker 1: the chemical they picked to make an even better speed

1044
00:55:54,040 --> 00:55:56,640
Speaker 1: was a little substance you might have heard about. It

1045
00:55:56,680 --> 00:55:59,799
Speaker 1: was first synthesized in nineteen nineteen by Japanese chemists and

1046
00:56:00,200 --> 00:56:06,520
Speaker 1: name was in methyl mphetamine. That's the good ship, good

1047
00:56:06,719 --> 00:56:11,040
Speaker 1: good ship, yeah baby, uh meth speaking of drugs with

1048
00:56:11,360 --> 00:56:15,640
Speaker 1: dolen sides. So in short order, Timmler was producing meth

1049
00:56:16,200 --> 00:56:19,160
Speaker 1: methemphetamine pills as an over the counter medication under the

1050
00:56:19,160 --> 00:56:23,120
Speaker 1: brand named pervitin Um, and sales started in the weekend

1051
00:56:23,120 --> 00:56:25,440
Speaker 1: of night in the winter of nineteen seven, and the

1052
00:56:25,520 --> 00:56:28,200
Speaker 1: drug use was and the drug was immediately popular among

1053
00:56:28,239 --> 00:56:31,520
Speaker 1: the Young Third Reich users or in The drug was

1054
00:56:31,560 --> 00:56:34,680
Speaker 1: immediately popular in the Young Third Reich. Soon Timmler was

1055
00:56:34,719 --> 00:56:38,319
Speaker 1: even selling boxes of meth spiked chocolate. They bragged that

1056
00:56:38,360 --> 00:56:41,319
Speaker 1: their wonder drug was good for quote reawakening joy and

1057
00:56:41,360 --> 00:56:44,840
Speaker 1: the despondent, and that fragility, frigidity, and women can be

1058
00:56:44,880 --> 00:56:48,240
Speaker 1: easily influenced with pervitin tablets giving her all some methods

1059
00:56:48,239 --> 00:56:51,319
Speaker 1: she'll want to get down. You know, you can just

1060
00:56:51,360 --> 00:56:54,320
Speaker 1: put that on a box and sell missing is meth

1061
00:56:54,719 --> 00:56:58,560
Speaker 1: is meth when it's all legal. I hope to be

1062
00:56:58,600 --> 00:57:00,800
Speaker 1: an admin for the meth m that I mean industry.

1063
00:57:00,880 --> 00:57:05,080
Speaker 1: It's with chemistry. Yeah, yeah, like it can help it. Well,

1064
00:57:05,600 --> 00:57:08,800
Speaker 1: have you you and your wife been fighting? Fight faster

1065
00:57:08,960 --> 00:57:13,360
Speaker 1: on meth? You know, exactly exactly. So I'm going to

1066
00:57:13,440 --> 00:57:16,360
Speaker 1: continue to read from Timmler's ads for purvidin. The treatment

1067
00:57:16,360 --> 00:57:18,880
Speaker 1: technique is as simple as can be imagined. Four half

1068
00:57:18,920 --> 00:57:21,800
Speaker 1: tablets every day, long before bedtime, ten days a month

1069
00:57:21,840 --> 00:57:24,720
Speaker 1: for three months. This will achieve excellent results by increasing

1070
00:57:24,760 --> 00:57:29,120
Speaker 1: women's libido and sexual power. Take meth every day to

1071
00:57:29,160 --> 00:57:34,760
Speaker 1: funk better. Meth I'm almost positive would not help me

1072
00:57:35,360 --> 00:57:39,480
Speaker 1: get laid. I mean when I smoked pot in college,

1073
00:57:39,560 --> 00:57:44,280
Speaker 1: I would perpetually ruined dates by avoiding the person I

1074
00:57:44,320 --> 00:57:48,120
Speaker 1: was sitting next to. I literally in college smoked weed

1075
00:57:48,160 --> 00:57:50,439
Speaker 1: once with this guy who I was like getting set

1076
00:57:50,480 --> 00:57:53,000
Speaker 1: up with, didn't speak to him at all, like I

1077
00:57:53,040 --> 00:57:56,040
Speaker 1: need to go home, apologized to him. The next time

1078
00:57:56,080 --> 00:57:58,080
Speaker 1: I saw him, I was like, hey, John, I'm so

1079
00:57:58,080 --> 00:58:00,560
Speaker 1: sorry about it. That was so weird. I would love

1080
00:58:00,640 --> 00:58:02,320
Speaker 1: to just like see if we could do this again.

1081
00:58:02,360 --> 00:58:04,880
Speaker 1: And he said, thank you so much for apologizing. What

1082
00:58:04,920 --> 00:58:07,320
Speaker 1: did we do on our next date? Smoke weed together?

1083
00:58:07,480 --> 00:58:09,840
Speaker 1: I was like, I've got to leave again, so sorry,

1084
00:58:10,160 --> 00:58:15,000
Speaker 1: and um, that was the end of our short lived relationship.

1085
00:58:15,280 --> 00:58:17,000
Speaker 1: So I feel like if meth was at it, it it

1086
00:58:17,040 --> 00:58:19,240
Speaker 1: wouldn't help the situation, is what I'm saying. I mean,

1087
00:58:19,320 --> 00:58:21,000
Speaker 1: you know, there's only one way to find out, which

1088
00:58:21,040 --> 00:58:24,240
Speaker 1: is track that guy down and take a just rail

1089
00:58:24,320 --> 00:58:28,120
Speaker 1: a funckload of crystal. Only if they put it in chocolate,

1090
00:58:28,280 --> 00:58:33,440
Speaker 1: and I want them in those little roche little roast chocolates. Yeah,

1091
00:58:33,560 --> 00:58:35,320
Speaker 1: I would like when you know there like this this

1092
00:58:35,440 --> 00:58:37,960
Speaker 1: chocolate cherries, little cherry in the middle of the chocolate.

1093
00:58:37,920 --> 00:58:41,240
Speaker 1: Things like texture with a little rock of crystal meth

1094
00:58:41,320 --> 00:58:43,640
Speaker 1: right in the middle, right in the middle. Yeah, the

1095
00:58:43,680 --> 00:58:47,880
Speaker 1: surprise or maybe those little eggs they make. Yeah, Cadburry.

1096
00:58:48,000 --> 00:58:50,439
Speaker 1: I was thinking Cadbury instead of like building a toy

1097
00:58:50,480 --> 00:58:54,800
Speaker 1: inside you you smoke meth, just a funkload of meth

1098
00:58:54,840 --> 00:58:59,440
Speaker 1: field cadburry eggs. God, that would be rad um. Allegedly, so,

1099
00:58:59,640 --> 00:59:04,000
Speaker 1: metho fetamine was even useful in treating drug addicts. According Again,

1100
00:59:04,040 --> 00:59:07,120
Speaker 1: this is according to the company selling meth. They advised

1101
00:59:09,040 --> 00:59:12,520
Speaker 1: they advised people withdrawing from alcohol, cocaine or heroin to

1102
00:59:12,560 --> 00:59:14,800
Speaker 1: take a little meth to help them get over the sheiks.

1103
00:59:15,240 --> 00:59:18,840
Speaker 1: Meth was so trying to get off a heroine. You

1104
00:59:18,880 --> 00:59:24,120
Speaker 1: know what, I'll clean you up famine. Can you pronounce this? Yeah,

1105
00:59:24,680 --> 00:59:27,600
Speaker 1: then you're ready to take it. Oh yeah, Cocaine's bad stuff.

1106
00:59:27,640 --> 00:59:31,960
Speaker 1: Take this meth, clean your right out. Um. So again,

1107
00:59:33,000 --> 00:59:34,360
Speaker 1: the reason I bring all this up is to point

1108
00:59:34,360 --> 00:59:37,040
Speaker 1: out that like meth was not a drug in the

1109
00:59:37,040 --> 00:59:39,040
Speaker 1: Third it wasn't seen as a drug in the Third Reich.

1110
00:59:39,080 --> 00:59:41,880
Speaker 1: It was just seen as like a medicine, particularly like

1111
00:59:41,920 --> 00:59:44,680
Speaker 1: a treatment for anything. It was. It was. It was,

1112
00:59:44,880 --> 00:59:48,280
Speaker 1: It was a helper. It was not a recreational substance. Um.

1113
00:59:48,320 --> 00:59:51,040
Speaker 1: It was advised. It was advertised as capable of bringing

1114
00:59:51,120 --> 00:59:55,480
Speaker 1: quote sugars, malingerers, defeatists and whiners into the Nazi fold

1115
00:59:55,760 --> 00:59:59,040
Speaker 1: and turning them into too productive obedient citizens. They were saying, like,

1116
00:59:59,320 --> 01:00:01,880
Speaker 1: meth will help turn you into a good Nazi. You'll

1117
01:00:01,920 --> 01:00:03,720
Speaker 1: be able to work if you're lazy, because you'll be

1118
01:00:03,760 --> 01:00:06,720
Speaker 1: on meth one pharmer. And again that's also you could

1119
01:00:06,760 --> 01:00:08,400
Speaker 1: draw a line to like why they were advertising that

1120
01:00:08,440 --> 01:00:10,720
Speaker 1: it makes women want to funk is, Like, well, it's

1121
01:00:10,760 --> 01:00:13,760
Speaker 1: all about breeding, right, Like meth is the drug that

1122
01:00:13,840 --> 01:00:16,280
Speaker 1: makes you helps you work in a factory or get

1123
01:00:16,360 --> 01:00:19,160
Speaker 1: laid and make babies. You know, Like that's why they're

1124
01:00:19,160 --> 01:00:20,720
Speaker 1: selling it. The way they're selling it are a big

1125
01:00:20,800 --> 01:00:25,600
Speaker 1: part of it. One pharmacologist, Felix Hoffner called prescribing purvit

1126
01:00:25,600 --> 01:00:28,800
Speaker 1: in the new Supreme Commandment of his discipline in Germany.

1127
01:00:28,800 --> 01:00:30,919
Speaker 1: He was saying, like, if you're a pharmacist, it's your

1128
01:00:31,040 --> 01:00:34,520
Speaker 1: duty to give Germans meth um. He called it a chemical.

1129
01:00:34,640 --> 01:00:37,520
Speaker 1: He said that it could bring chemical order to disordered people.

1130
01:00:38,920 --> 01:00:42,800
Speaker 1: Now we don't know when precisely Morrel first gave Hitler

1131
01:00:42,840 --> 01:00:47,760
Speaker 1: and meth amphetamine. The bad Doctor had often gave given

1132
01:00:47,800 --> 01:00:49,480
Speaker 1: like that he gave again. He had like different brand

1133
01:00:49,560 --> 01:00:51,360
Speaker 1: names for his various injections, and well, some of his

1134
01:00:51,400 --> 01:00:54,960
Speaker 1: notes were detailed. This wasn't always the case It's likely

1135
01:00:55,000 --> 01:00:57,959
Speaker 1: that Hitler started taking meth in a couple of different forms,

1136
01:00:58,280 --> 01:01:01,400
Speaker 1: potentially in the late nineteen thirty as he had often

1137
01:01:01,440 --> 01:01:04,520
Speaker 1: complained of a lack of energy, and by nineteen nineteen

1138
01:01:04,520 --> 01:01:07,760
Speaker 1: thirty nine pervitin was incredibly popular among German civilians. So

1139
01:01:07,800 --> 01:01:11,120
Speaker 1: the fact that Hitler's taking amphetamines during this period of

1140
01:01:11,160 --> 01:01:15,120
Speaker 1: time was not odd. It wasn't something unique to him.

1141
01:01:15,120 --> 01:01:17,800
Speaker 1: It was something that made him very much normal among

1142
01:01:17,840 --> 01:01:20,800
Speaker 1: like the German working class in this period. That said,

1143
01:01:20,840 --> 01:01:24,440
Speaker 1: it was not something that was widely publicized. Hitler's reputation

1144
01:01:24,560 --> 01:01:26,800
Speaker 1: was he was a sober Man and he didn't drink,

1145
01:01:26,840 --> 01:01:28,880
Speaker 1: which was weird, Like he was not a guy who

1146
01:01:28,960 --> 01:01:32,360
Speaker 1: drank a lot um. He didn't really smoke. Uh. He

1147
01:01:32,400 --> 01:01:35,680
Speaker 1: had this reputation being indefatigable, almost superhuman, and this was

1148
01:01:35,720 --> 01:01:37,400
Speaker 1: a big part of his appeal. So they didn't want

1149
01:01:37,440 --> 01:01:38,840
Speaker 1: to like talk about the fact that he was as

1150
01:01:38,880 --> 01:01:42,520
Speaker 1: drugged up as everybody else. Historians Steven Snelder's and Twin

1151
01:01:42,600 --> 01:01:46,040
Speaker 1: Peter's called Nazi Germany after nineteen thirty eight a meth

1152
01:01:46,120 --> 01:01:50,040
Speaker 1: amphetamine dictatorship, And when they say that, they don't mean

1153
01:01:50,040 --> 01:01:52,560
Speaker 1: that Hitler was a meth dictator, although he was a

1154
01:01:52,560 --> 01:01:55,680
Speaker 1: dictator on meth. I'm gonna quote from Psychiatric Times to

1155
01:01:55,680 --> 01:01:58,520
Speaker 1: get to what they're saying here. Rather than emphasizing the

1156
01:01:58,560 --> 01:02:00,920
Speaker 1: role of the suppliers. However, they argue that the evidence

1157
01:02:00,920 --> 01:02:04,720
Speaker 1: shows strong demand pressures for the drug from consumers. In

1158
01:02:04,760 --> 01:02:08,480
Speaker 1: clinical practice, the drug was first used to treat psychological inhibition,

1159
01:02:08,560 --> 01:02:12,280
Speaker 1: inhibition and endogenous depression and augment was what was referred

1160
01:02:12,280 --> 01:02:15,040
Speaker 1: to as the will to Get Healthy Purvet and quickly

1161
01:02:15,040 --> 01:02:17,880
Speaker 1: moved from clinical to general practice and was prescribed fairly

1162
01:02:17,920 --> 01:02:21,600
Speaker 1: commonly for employees, workers and housewives. In fact, a pre

1163
01:02:21,720 --> 01:02:24,520
Speaker 1: Leane chocolate with fourteen milligrams of purviton was marketed to

1164
01:02:24,560 --> 01:02:28,400
Speaker 1: the general public. So it's a meth dictatorship because everyone

1165
01:02:28,480 --> 01:02:31,480
Speaker 1: is on meth. There on meth to deal with their depression,

1166
01:02:31,520 --> 01:02:33,640
Speaker 1: their anxiety, like the fact that it's a bummer living

1167
01:02:33,640 --> 01:02:36,040
Speaker 1: in Nazi Germany. They're on meth to deal with the

1168
01:02:36,040 --> 01:02:38,920
Speaker 1: fact that like they have to like the work schedules,

1169
01:02:38,920 --> 01:02:42,400
Speaker 1: like the production they're trying to do. Like meth is

1170
01:02:42,440 --> 01:02:44,480
Speaker 1: in a way the dictator, you know, to go on

1171
01:02:44,600 --> 01:02:48,360
Speaker 1: dates to make enough baby. And this is one of

1172
01:02:48,360 --> 01:02:51,480
Speaker 1: those things where I don't think Older is really guilty this,

1173
01:02:51,560 --> 01:02:53,880
Speaker 1: but I think that people kind of interpreting his work

1174
01:02:53,920 --> 01:02:57,240
Speaker 1: have made way too much of Hitler's amphetamine use, and

1175
01:02:57,440 --> 01:02:59,320
Speaker 1: rather than put in the context of like, no, no, no,

1176
01:03:00,000 --> 01:03:02,560
Speaker 1: all of the Nazis were on a funkload of speed,

1177
01:03:02,840 --> 01:03:05,560
Speaker 1: and that is relevant, and it impacted their behavior and

1178
01:03:05,640 --> 01:03:08,280
Speaker 1: impacted history in a significant way. But it's not that

1179
01:03:08,360 --> 01:03:11,960
Speaker 1: like Hitler was on meth and and made crazy decisions.

1180
01:03:11,960 --> 01:03:15,560
Speaker 1: It was that the whole Third Reich was in the

1181
01:03:15,640 --> 01:03:19,680
Speaker 1: late thirties and early forties very methamphetamine dependent, and that's

1182
01:03:19,880 --> 01:03:23,440
Speaker 1: kind of important to note. Um. Now it's tempting to

1183
01:03:23,480 --> 01:03:26,320
Speaker 1: speculate as to which of Hitler's temper, tantrums and rages

1184
01:03:26,360 --> 01:03:29,560
Speaker 1: were influenced by Matthews. I'm going to avoid that temptation.

1185
01:03:29,840 --> 01:03:32,320
Speaker 1: It is impossible to know. And while meths certainly had

1186
01:03:32,360 --> 01:03:34,800
Speaker 1: an impact on his behavior, that impact was more to

1187
01:03:34,880 --> 01:03:38,680
Speaker 1: exacerbate the kind of rages he'd always engaged in. Hitler

1188
01:03:38,720 --> 01:03:41,479
Speaker 1: even used morrel to dose another head of state, check

1189
01:03:41,600 --> 01:03:45,240
Speaker 1: President Emil Hasha, during a crucial moment in March of nine.

1190
01:03:45,960 --> 01:03:49,160
Speaker 1: Hitler was trying to negotiate over the annexation of Czechoslovakia.

1191
01:03:49,440 --> 01:03:51,600
Speaker 1: It was crucial that the smaller country just sort of

1192
01:03:51,640 --> 01:03:55,040
Speaker 1: hand themselves over without fighting, because Germany actually couldn't have

1193
01:03:55,040 --> 01:03:58,360
Speaker 1: sex successfully invaded Czechoslovakia. They were kind of bluffing here.

1194
01:03:58,880 --> 01:04:01,280
Speaker 1: Um Hasha was ill when he attended a state visit

1195
01:04:01,280 --> 01:04:03,680
Speaker 1: to the Reich Chancellory, where Hitler demanded he ordered the

1196
01:04:03,720 --> 01:04:07,080
Speaker 1: surrender of Czech troops. Hatcha suffered a heart attack which

1197
01:04:07,080 --> 01:04:09,520
Speaker 1: rendered him unable to function, and I'm gonna quote from

1198
01:04:09,520 --> 01:04:13,520
Speaker 1: Blitz here. Next Hitler urgently summoned Morrell, who hurried along

1199
01:04:13,560 --> 01:04:16,120
Speaker 1: with his case in his syringes, and injected the unconscious

1200
01:04:16,160 --> 01:04:19,040
Speaker 1: foreign guest with such a stimulating medication that Hasha rose

1201
01:04:19,080 --> 01:04:21,640
Speaker 1: again within seconds, as if from the dead. He signed

1202
01:04:21,680 --> 01:04:23,760
Speaker 1: the piece of paper that sealed the temporary end of

1203
01:04:23,800 --> 01:04:26,760
Speaker 1: his state. The very next morning, Hitler invaded Prague without

1204
01:04:26,760 --> 01:04:29,800
Speaker 1: a fight. During the following years, Hatches sat the powerless

1205
01:04:29,840 --> 01:04:32,479
Speaker 1: head of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, to which

1206
01:04:32,480 --> 01:04:35,600
Speaker 1: parts of his country had been reduced, remaining Morrell's loyal patient.

1207
01:04:35,840 --> 01:04:38,720
Speaker 1: In that respect, pharmacology worked as a way of continuing

1208
01:04:38,760 --> 01:04:42,560
Speaker 1: politics by other means, And this reminds me a lot

1209
01:04:42,640 --> 01:04:47,280
Speaker 1: of a girl in uh New York who once went

1210
01:04:47,320 --> 01:04:51,040
Speaker 1: down a k hole and everyone was worried that she

1211
01:04:51,160 --> 01:04:55,200
Speaker 1: was going unconscious until Carle ray Jemsen's song call Me

1212
01:04:55,280 --> 01:04:58,240
Speaker 1: Maybe came on and then she shot up back from

1213
01:04:58,280 --> 01:05:03,280
Speaker 1: the dead. Hey, that song is morally identical to dosing

1214
01:05:03,320 --> 01:05:07,760
Speaker 1: someone with methamphetamin. And I've always said I've always said that. Now,

1215
01:05:07,880 --> 01:05:11,240
Speaker 1: the annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia was pretty much went

1216
01:05:11,240 --> 01:05:13,960
Speaker 1: off perfectly for Hitler, but his next goal, the conquest

1217
01:05:14,000 --> 01:05:17,840
Speaker 1: of Poland, was going to require actual, you know, war stuff.

1218
01:05:18,360 --> 01:05:21,280
Speaker 1: The Fewer and his general staff all had clear terrible

1219
01:05:21,320 --> 01:05:23,320
Speaker 1: memories of the First World War and they wanted more

1220
01:05:23,360 --> 01:05:25,920
Speaker 1: than anything to avoid a repeat of the bloody stalemates

1221
01:05:25,960 --> 01:05:29,560
Speaker 1: of the Western Front. The German war machine developed several

1222
01:05:29,640 --> 01:05:32,800
Speaker 1: solutions to this problem. One of the major reasons that

1223
01:05:32,840 --> 01:05:34,840
Speaker 1: allowed them to kind of that that was crucial behind

1224
01:05:34,840 --> 01:05:38,480
Speaker 1: blitz Creek was small unit stormtrooper tactics that had started

1225
01:05:38,520 --> 01:05:40,400
Speaker 1: being developed near the end of the First World War.

1226
01:05:40,680 --> 01:05:43,040
Speaker 1: The term the Germans used for this was Austrug's tactic

1227
01:05:43,600 --> 01:05:45,280
Speaker 1: um and it was it was heavily We'll talk about

1228
01:05:45,320 --> 01:05:46,840
Speaker 1: this a bit more later, but it was heavily based

1229
01:05:46,840 --> 01:05:49,920
Speaker 1: around allowing a lot of unit autonomy. There's this like

1230
01:05:50,040 --> 01:05:53,360
Speaker 1: myth that the Nazi soldiers were these like automatons who

1231
01:05:53,560 --> 01:05:56,720
Speaker 1: followed orders unquestioning lee. The reason why the blitz cree

1232
01:05:56,800 --> 01:05:59,480
Speaker 1: worked is that individual small unit leaders were given a

1233
01:05:59,560 --> 01:06:03,400
Speaker 1: degree of personal discretion and choice and power to make

1234
01:06:03,480 --> 01:06:06,120
Speaker 1: decisions in the field that no other military in the

1235
01:06:06,120 --> 01:06:08,880
Speaker 1: world gave them at this point um and that's a

1236
01:06:08,880 --> 01:06:10,840
Speaker 1: big part of why they were successful. They were also

1237
01:06:10,920 --> 01:06:12,919
Speaker 1: the blitz creed was also crucially relied on the fact

1238
01:06:12,960 --> 01:06:14,840
Speaker 1: that the Germans had built up a significant amount of

1239
01:06:14,920 --> 01:06:18,240
Speaker 1: armored cars, tanks, and close air support craft to enable

1240
01:06:18,240 --> 01:06:21,520
Speaker 1: a speedier sort of mechanized warfare. And as all of

1241
01:06:21,600 --> 01:06:24,960
Speaker 1: this developed, an idea developed, championed by men like General

1242
01:06:25,040 --> 01:06:28,680
Speaker 1: Heinz Guderian, that this new German army might be able

1243
01:06:28,720 --> 01:06:31,680
Speaker 1: to move quickly enough to avoid the static fortifications that

1244
01:06:31,680 --> 01:06:35,080
Speaker 1: had bogged them down in nineteen fourteen. But technology and

1245
01:06:35,080 --> 01:06:38,240
Speaker 1: tactics only went so far. Poland was huge, and war

1246
01:06:38,320 --> 01:06:40,720
Speaker 1: with Poland meant war with France. In order to have

1247
01:06:40,760 --> 01:06:43,960
Speaker 1: a hope of sweeping through either country, German soldiers were

1248
01:06:43,960 --> 01:06:47,000
Speaker 1: going to need chemical assistance and pervitin was just what

1249
01:06:47,120 --> 01:06:49,720
Speaker 1: the doctor general ordered. From a write up and Time

1250
01:06:49,720 --> 01:06:53,960
Speaker 1: magazine quote, doctor Otto F. Rank, director of the Research

1251
01:06:53,960 --> 01:06:56,960
Speaker 1: Institute of Defense Physiology, had high hopes that pervitin would

1252
01:06:57,000 --> 01:06:59,880
Speaker 1: prove advantageous on the battlefield. His goal was to defeat

1253
01:06:59,880 --> 01:07:02,680
Speaker 1: the enemy with chemically enhanced soldiers, soldiers who could give

1254
01:07:02,720 --> 01:07:05,320
Speaker 1: Germany a military edge by fighting harder and longer than

1255
01:07:05,320 --> 01:07:07,720
Speaker 1: their opponents. After testing the drug on a group of

1256
01:07:07,760 --> 01:07:11,000
Speaker 1: medical officers, Rock believed that pervitin would be an excellent

1257
01:07:11,040 --> 01:07:13,880
Speaker 1: substance for rousing a weary squad. We may grasp what

1258
01:07:13,960 --> 01:07:16,680
Speaker 1: far reaching military significance it would have if we managed

1259
01:07:16,720 --> 01:07:20,960
Speaker 1: to remove the natural tiredness using medical methods. Rock himself

1260
01:07:21,000 --> 01:07:23,840
Speaker 1: was a daily user, as detailed in his wartime medical

1261
01:07:23,880 --> 01:07:26,800
Speaker 1: diary in letters, quote, with purviton, you can go on

1262
01:07:26,880 --> 01:07:29,400
Speaker 1: working for thirty six to fifty hours without feeling any

1263
01:07:29,440 --> 01:07:32,120
Speaker 1: noticeable fatigue. This allowed Ron to work days at a

1264
01:07:32,200 --> 01:07:37,080
Speaker 1: time with no sleep, and his correspondence indicated, yeah, is

1265
01:07:37,120 --> 01:07:40,280
Speaker 1: this an ad? It is? It is an ad for

1266
01:07:40,280 --> 01:07:44,479
Speaker 1: for again, primary sponsor of the show meth amphetamine under

1267
01:07:44,480 --> 01:07:48,600
Speaker 1: a bridge near you. You can cook in your bathtub

1268
01:07:48,640 --> 01:07:55,240
Speaker 1: if you really want or you're you know, wherever it's safe. Yeah,

1269
01:07:55,840 --> 01:07:59,360
Speaker 1: it's good stuff. Yeah. So we're going to talk more

1270
01:07:59,400 --> 01:08:02,040
Speaker 1: about all this in part two. But but that's going

1271
01:08:02,080 --> 01:08:03,840
Speaker 1: to do it for us in part law and Carolina,

1272
01:08:03,960 --> 01:08:05,880
Speaker 1: how are you? How are you feeling? Has this changed

1273
01:08:05,920 --> 01:08:09,320
Speaker 1: your mind on method? Al? Okay, I'm really starting to

1274
01:08:09,360 --> 01:08:12,960
Speaker 1: look at my dating history and I'm realizing a missing

1275
01:08:13,000 --> 01:08:18,040
Speaker 1: puzzle piece meth amphetamine, methymphetamine and maybe just like the

1276
01:08:18,080 --> 01:08:22,800
Speaker 1: super vitamin shot of chalk oh you can't get enough job,

1277
01:08:22,920 --> 01:08:27,600
Speaker 1: the glucose and whatever human growth hormone, whatever else he

1278
01:08:27,760 --> 01:08:30,639
Speaker 1: was throwing in there. I think it's fair to say

1279
01:08:30,680 --> 01:08:32,400
Speaker 1: a lot of us have been looking for love in

1280
01:08:32,439 --> 01:08:35,640
Speaker 1: all the wrong places, and maybe the right place is

1281
01:08:35,680 --> 01:08:41,280
Speaker 1: crystal meth exactly. Happy Valentine's Day, Happy Valentine's Day. When

1282
01:08:41,320 --> 01:08:44,280
Speaker 1: you're on meth, every day's Valentine's Day, that's the beauty

1283
01:08:44,280 --> 01:08:48,800
Speaker 1: of meth. That's so true, So true, Carolina, Do you

1284
01:08:48,800 --> 01:08:51,920
Speaker 1: have anything other than methamphetamine? You want to plug? I

1285
01:08:51,960 --> 01:08:56,080
Speaker 1: would love to plug my show True Romance, where we

1286
01:08:56,160 --> 01:09:01,799
Speaker 1: discuss um dating horrors and we're covering from anything from

1287
01:09:01,840 --> 01:09:06,040
Speaker 1: an episode of the Bachelorette to a terrible first date

1288
01:09:06,120 --> 01:09:09,839
Speaker 1: to a truly devastating breakup. We're here for you. Every Thursday,

1289
01:09:09,880 --> 01:09:13,400
Speaker 1: there's a new episode on I Heart Radio, Apple Podcasts

1290
01:09:13,479 --> 01:09:16,439
Speaker 1: or wherever you get your podcasts and um. On our

1291
01:09:16,479 --> 01:09:20,679
Speaker 1: next episode, I will be going on a blind date. Yeah. Literally,

1292
01:09:21,120 --> 01:09:24,440
Speaker 1: we'll be blocked out and on all our next episodes,

1293
01:09:24,640 --> 01:09:26,640
Speaker 1: I think we'll be on meth too, Sophie, can we

1294
01:09:26,680 --> 01:09:28,599
Speaker 1: get a line item in the budget for just like

1295
01:09:28,640 --> 01:09:34,760
Speaker 1: a shipload of math? Come on, so come on this question. Well,

1296
01:09:34,800 --> 01:09:38,200
Speaker 1: but off the record, off the record, We're absolutely gonna

1297
01:09:38,240 --> 01:09:42,960
Speaker 1: do some math. Excellent. Alright, good news everybody. Well, this

1298
01:09:43,000 --> 01:09:48,400
Speaker 1: has been behind the bastards. Methamphetamine is actually based edition. Listen,

1299
01:09:48,479 --> 01:09:51,120
Speaker 1: it could happen here. It's now daily and and it's

1300
01:09:51,200 --> 01:09:54,120
Speaker 1: on the same Podka stapp you're listening to. Maybe if

1301
01:09:54,160 --> 01:10:01,240
Speaker 1: I was stop lobbying for this, stop it. That's the episode,

1302
01:10:01,400 --> 01:10:04,680
Speaker 1: Bye bye, alright, that's the episode.