WEBVTT - Anatomy of the Great Replacement Panic feat. Steven Monacelli & Dr. Michael Phillips 0:00:01.720 --> 0:00:02.920 Cool Zone Media. 0:00:03.840 --> 0:00:08.600 This program includes violent content which some listeners might find disturbing. 0:00:12.360 --> 0:00:15.280 I'm Michael Phillips, an historian and the author of a 0:00:15.320 --> 0:00:19.680 book about racism in Dallas called White Metropolis an upcoming 0:00:19.680 --> 0:00:24.040 book about the eugenics boom in Texas called The Purifying Knife. 0:00:24.200 --> 0:00:28.480 I'm Stephen Monicelli, an investigative reporter who covers political extremism 0:00:28.520 --> 0:00:30.200 in Texas and beyond. 0:00:30.960 --> 0:00:33.840 In the Pitch Start. Just before midnight on August third, 0:00:33.880 --> 0:00:37.879 twenty nineteen, Patrick Crusius took off what would soon be 0:00:37.960 --> 0:00:41.559 an infamous journey. The young man from the Dallas suburb 0:00:41.640 --> 0:00:45.040 of Allen, Texas had become obsessed with an idea that 0:00:45.080 --> 0:00:46.839 would soon move him to murder. 0:00:47.720 --> 0:00:51.360 That idea had been inspired in part by Renaud Camu, 0:00:51.479 --> 0:00:55.600 a French racist enraged by the growing Muslim population in Europe. 0:00:56.120 --> 0:00:58.960 In twenty eleven, Camu had given a new name to 0:00:59.000 --> 0:01:01.960 what was actually an old idea with the publication of 0:01:01.960 --> 0:01:07.200 his book Legrand Replacement, which translates in English to the 0:01:07.200 --> 0:01:08.080 Great Replacement. 0:01:09.720 --> 0:01:13.679 Camu argued that global elites had conspired to replace the white, 0:01:13.959 --> 0:01:18.040 culturally superior population of Europe with darker skinned people who 0:01:18.080 --> 0:01:21.520 were mostly Muslims from the Middle East and Africa. He 0:01:21.600 --> 0:01:24.360 claimed these elites had opened the door to mass migration, 0:01:25.040 --> 0:01:29.759 discouraged white reproduction, and encouraged the newcomers to intermarry with whites. 0:01:30.400 --> 0:01:34.800 This racial displacement, Camu asserted, had brought crime and terrorism 0:01:34.880 --> 0:01:38.160 to Europe and threatened the very survival of Western culture. 0:01:40.080 --> 0:01:44.720 Camu's idea predated World War Two. The Great Replacement theory 0:01:44.760 --> 0:01:48.680 hardly differed from key ideas promoted by eugenicists in Western 0:01:48.720 --> 0:01:51.640 Europe and the United States in the late nineteenth century 0:01:51.760 --> 0:01:55.800 and early twenty century. Eugenicists sought to ensure the survival 0:01:55.840 --> 0:01:59.480 of those they believed to be biologically superior. Their methods 0:01:59.520 --> 0:02:04.960 included forced sterilization and harsh immigration restrictions. Failure in this mission, 0:02:04.960 --> 0:02:09.440 they believed, would lead to white extinction. But Camu's book 0:02:09.600 --> 0:02:13.280 enraged and energized a new generation of far right extremists, 0:02:13.760 --> 0:02:17.000 not just in his native France, but all around the world. 0:02:17.880 --> 0:02:22.160 Camu didn't specifically identify the elite spuzzedly responsible for what 0:02:22.200 --> 0:02:26.000 he called a reverse colonization of the European homeland, but 0:02:26.160 --> 0:02:29.840 leaders of the international far right quickly filled in the blanks. 0:02:30.760 --> 0:02:35.080 The Great Replacement, conspiracy, theorists insisted had been engineered by 0:02:35.200 --> 0:02:38.760 Jews who desired to destroy the Arians who served as 0:02:38.800 --> 0:02:42.880 their only competitors for global control, and the chaos that 0:02:42.919 --> 0:02:47.400 would unfold as europe racially darkened Jewish people would spuzzily 0:02:47.440 --> 0:02:51.359 complete their conquests of the world's politics and finances, and 0:02:51.360 --> 0:02:55.119 would enslave a now intellectually backward global workforce. 0:02:55.840 --> 0:03:00.000 Camu's racist fever dream ricochet around the world and left 0:03:00.120 --> 0:03:03.240 behind it a trail of blood. The dread of the 0:03:03.280 --> 0:03:06.640 Great Replacement animated a coalition of neo Nazis and other 0:03:06.680 --> 0:03:10.160 white supremacists who swarmed to Charlottesville, Virginia, on the night 0:03:10.160 --> 0:03:13.960 of August eleventh, twenty seventeen, for a quote Unite the 0:03:14.040 --> 0:03:18.480 Right rally protesting the proposed removal of a statue honoring 0:03:18.600 --> 0:03:23.560 Confederate General Robert Elie. Carrying tiki torches, with many wearing 0:03:23.919 --> 0:03:27.760 matching polo shirts and khakis, the extremists paraded on the 0:03:27.800 --> 0:03:30.919 grounds of the University of Virginia campus, chanting white lives 0:03:30.960 --> 0:03:35.160 Matter and a phrase directly inspired by Camu's now six 0:03:35.240 --> 0:03:36.400 year old polemic. 0:03:37.120 --> 0:03:40.080 Why not, Why not Jews? 0:03:40.360 --> 0:03:40.720 Why Not? 0:03:43.080 --> 0:03:49.720 Jews? The next day, one of the racist marchers murdered 0:03:49.720 --> 0:03:53.960 an anti racism activist, Heather haer Wig ramdat car into 0:03:54.040 --> 0:03:58.680 a crowd of counter protesters the following year, in twenty eighteen, 0:03:59.320 --> 0:04:02.440 of forty six you're old white nationalist who feared a 0:04:02.520 --> 0:04:07.120 hypothetical Jewish and Muslim plot to take over America entered 0:04:07.120 --> 0:04:11.160 the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh's Squirrel Hill neighborhood, and, 0:04:11.360 --> 0:04:15.480 using a long rifle and three semi automatic pistols, sprayed 0:04:15.520 --> 0:04:18.479 the congregation with bullets over a period of twenty minutes, 0:04:19.040 --> 0:04:23.240 murdering eleven and wounding six. The synagogue had participated in a 0:04:23.279 --> 0:04:27.440 program to aid migrants fleeing violence and poverty in Central America, 0:04:28.040 --> 0:04:31.839 charity work that prompted the murderer, Robert Bowers, to post 0:04:31.880 --> 0:04:35.920 online that such organizations quote like to bring in invaders 0:04:35.920 --> 0:04:39.000 that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch 0:04:39.080 --> 0:04:40.479 my people get slaughtered. 0:04:41.920 --> 0:04:44.920 The Great Replacement Theory and its online promoters claimed a 0:04:45.000 --> 0:04:48.640 high body count in twenty nineteen. On March fifteenth, a 0:04:48.720 --> 0:04:52.479 twenty eight year old Australian man, Brendan Terrant, live streamed 0:04:52.480 --> 0:04:55.440 his slaughter of fifty one Muslims and the wounding of 0:04:55.520 --> 0:04:59.080 eighty nine others at Tu Mosque'es in christ Church, New Zealand. 0:05:00.000 --> 0:05:03.240 Parant authored a seventy four page manifesto which he emailed 0:05:03.240 --> 0:05:06.479 to newspapers and television stations, as well as New Zealand's 0:05:06.480 --> 0:05:10.000 Prime Minister. He repeatedly referred to the Great Replacement theory 0:05:10.320 --> 0:05:14.520 and expressed admiration for Anders Brevick, a Norwegian neo Nazi 0:05:14.600 --> 0:05:17.400 terrorist who had killed seventy seven people in twenty eleven 0:05:17.440 --> 0:05:20.240 because of his hatred for Muslims who have settled across 0:05:20.240 --> 0:05:25.000 the European continent. In his manifesto, Tarrant praised American President 0:05:25.000 --> 0:05:28.680 Donald Trump as a quote symbol of renewed white identity 0:05:28.960 --> 0:05:29.880 and common purpose. 0:05:31.279 --> 0:05:34.279 The murders inspired by the Great Replacement theory were far 0:05:34.320 --> 0:05:37.919 from over. A mass shooting claimed three lives and wounded 0:05:37.960 --> 0:05:41.320 three others at a synagogue in Powway, California, in April 0:05:41.360 --> 0:05:45.600 twenty seven, twenty nineteen, and three others died in seventeen 0:05:45.680 --> 0:05:49.200 more suffered injuries during an attack at the Gilroy Garlick 0:05:49.279 --> 0:05:53.520 Festival in the same state on July twenty eighth. This 0:05:53.760 --> 0:05:58.080 was the heartbreaking worldwide context in which Patrick Crusius of Allen, Texas, 0:05:58.400 --> 0:06:01.920 took a fatal journey just six stays after the Illroy massacre. 0:06:03.080 --> 0:06:06.119 Crusius marked his twenty first birthday just the weekend before 0:06:06.200 --> 0:06:09.040 the massacre. But for the unemployed young man, it was 0:06:09.120 --> 0:06:11.880 not a happy occasion. He had grown up watching his 0:06:11.880 --> 0:06:15.920 father's struggle with chemical dependency. High school classmates described him 0:06:15.960 --> 0:06:18.640 as withdrawn, and one claimed he had been bullied by 0:06:19.000 --> 0:06:22.760 Spanish speaking students. His parents divorced, and he moved to 0:06:22.800 --> 0:06:25.599 his grandparents' home in a suburb north of Dallas called Allan, 0:06:26.080 --> 0:06:28.560 a town with a median family income of more than 0:06:28.600 --> 0:06:31.839 one hundred and twenty one thousand dollars and a history 0:06:31.880 --> 0:06:35.800 of white flight. Unemployed Crusius spent a lot of hours 0:06:35.800 --> 0:06:39.720 on eight chan, an online message board favored by white supremacists. 0:06:41.160 --> 0:06:44.560 Crusius had given himself a grim mission he believed no 0:06:44.600 --> 0:06:47.760 one else had the guts to carry out, According to 0:06:47.800 --> 0:06:51.560 the Dallas Morning News. Late that Friday evening, he loaded 0:06:51.560 --> 0:06:55.279 his humble twenty twelve Honda Civic with his laptop computer, 0:06:56.040 --> 0:07:00.480 one thousand rounds Apollo point bullets ear muffs in a 0:07:00.480 --> 0:07:04.599 semi automatic civilian version of an AK forty seven he 0:07:04.680 --> 0:07:09.200 had ordered online from Romania. The Texas Tribune later reported 0:07:09.240 --> 0:07:13.040 that as of twenty nineteen, Romania was exporting nine thousand 0:07:13.200 --> 0:07:17.160 AK forty sevens to the United States every year. He 0:07:17.240 --> 0:07:21.280 also brought heavily insulated gloves because that rifle, he would 0:07:21.320 --> 0:07:25.920 later complain, quote, overheats massively. After about one hundred shots 0:07:26.000 --> 0:07:29.240 or fired in quick succession, the college student sought to 0:07:29.280 --> 0:07:32.680 start a war one he thought he wouldn't survive, but 0:07:32.800 --> 0:07:36.480 that if others followed his example might save the country. 0:07:37.320 --> 0:07:39.880 Head of his ten hour trek westward across the vast 0:07:39.920 --> 0:07:43.280 Texas landscape, Crusius filled his gas tank and pumped himself 0:07:43.280 --> 0:07:46.520 with energy drinks. He arrived in El Paso at about 0:07:46.560 --> 0:07:50.000 eight am, first parking at a CSE's Pizza, which happened 0:07:50.000 --> 0:07:52.920 to be closed. He then cruised around the border city 0:07:52.920 --> 0:07:56.239 of almost seven hundred thousand people, where sixty three percent 0:07:56.240 --> 0:07:59.480 of the population primarily speaks Spanish at home. He eventually 0:07:59.520 --> 0:08:02.960 stopped at the parking lot of a Walmart superstore nicknamed 0:08:02.960 --> 0:08:05.960 the Juarez Walmart because of the large number of customers 0:08:06.160 --> 0:08:09.360 who shopped there from across the Mexican border. About three 0:08:09.360 --> 0:08:12.320 thousand people in all reestimated to be at the retail 0:08:12.360 --> 0:08:14.240 outlet when Crusius arrived. 0:08:15.120 --> 0:08:18.720 Crusius walked inside and cased the joint for at least 0:08:18.720 --> 0:08:21.800 half an hour. He went back to his civic and 0:08:21.880 --> 0:08:25.120 sat for a while in contemplation. Hungry, he went back 0:08:25.160 --> 0:08:28.800 into the store, bought an orange, and then, after returning 0:08:28.840 --> 0:08:31.960 to his car a second time, gobbled it. He then 0:08:32.040 --> 0:08:35.160 posted online a two three hundred and eighty eight word 0:08:35.600 --> 0:08:40.200 racist screed called The Inconvenient Truth. At about ten thirty eight, 0:08:40.559 --> 0:08:43.880 Crusius stepped out of his car, weapon in hand, and 0:08:43.960 --> 0:08:47.280 began massacring Mexicans and Mexican Americans. He described in his 0:08:47.400 --> 0:08:50.280 manifesto as quote the Invaders. 0:08:50.920 --> 0:08:54.400 This is an NBC News special report, and here's Jose 0:08:54.600 --> 0:08:55.520 dis Bollard. 0:08:56.320 --> 0:08:59.040 Good afternoon, and update now on that deadly shooting here 0:08:59.080 --> 0:09:02.280 a busy shopping in El Paso, Texas. It happened at 0:09:02.280 --> 0:09:05.319 a walmart near Colo Vista Mall this morning about ten 0:09:05.360 --> 0:09:08.520 am local time. The scene is about seven miles from 0:09:08.559 --> 0:09:09.640 downtown l Paso. 0:09:10.480 --> 0:09:14.079 In about three minutes, Crusius slaughtered twenty three and wounded 0:09:14.080 --> 0:09:17.120 twenty two others, in spite of expressing a wish that 0:09:17.160 --> 0:09:21.480 he would die in the attack, Crusius surrendered. Police quickly 0:09:21.480 --> 0:09:24.439 connected Crusius to his Internet dietribe, which he opened by 0:09:24.480 --> 0:09:28.640 saying he quote supports the christ Church shooter and his manifesto, 0:09:28.960 --> 0:09:33.120 referring to Brenton Terran. Crusius then pivoted to outrage over 0:09:33.240 --> 0:09:36.720 Mexican immigration in the United States. Jason Whiteley of a 0:09:36.840 --> 0:09:40.280 WFAA in Dallas reported on the manifesto's disturbing content. 0:09:41.160 --> 0:09:45.080 In the letter, the shooter describes himself as a white nationalist, 0:09:45.360 --> 0:09:50.360 a right wing extremist consumed by conspiracy theories. In short, 0:09:50.440 --> 0:09:53.800 he thinks that white people are being replaced by immigrants 0:09:53.840 --> 0:09:56.880 in this country. The letter states this attack is in 0:09:56.920 --> 0:10:01.439 response to the Hispanic invasion of Texas. They are the instigators, 0:10:01.440 --> 0:10:04.880 he wrote, not me. I am simply defending my country 0:10:05.160 --> 0:10:07.840 from cultural and ethnic replacement brought on by an invasion. 0:10:09.160 --> 0:10:13.240 By the time of the El Paso massacre, eighty men, women, 0:10:13.360 --> 0:10:16.760 and children had been murdered by extremists inspired by the 0:10:16.760 --> 0:10:21.520 great Replacement theory in twenty nineteen alone. The carnage didn't 0:10:21.640 --> 0:10:25.240 end at al Paso. On May fourteenth, twenty twenty two, 0:10:25.760 --> 0:10:29.319 a white suspect wrote a hateful rant he posted online 0:10:29.520 --> 0:10:34.240 before murdering ten and wounding three African Americans in a Buffalo, 0:10:34.400 --> 0:10:39.040 New York supermarket. He linked declining white birth rates to genocide. 0:10:39.800 --> 0:10:44.600 On May sixth, twenty twenty three, Mauricio Martinez Garcia, a 0:10:44.720 --> 0:10:50.080 Latino white supremacist who embraced neo Nazi ideology, drove from 0:10:50.160 --> 0:10:53.440 his Dallas apartment to an outlet mall in Crusius's hometown 0:10:53.440 --> 0:10:57.680 of Allen. Tattooed with a Swaska, Garcia shot to death 0:10:57.800 --> 0:11:01.280 nine people, including a three year old, and wounded seven 0:11:01.320 --> 0:11:05.079 others before being killed by a police officer. Garcia seemed 0:11:05.080 --> 0:11:09.880 to be targeting Asians and Asian Americans Throughout this mayhem. 0:11:10.160 --> 0:11:13.559 The political right has proven eager to blame everything but 0:11:13.679 --> 0:11:16.560 the wide open gun laws in places like Texas, which 0:11:16.600 --> 0:11:19.520 made it legal for Crusius to mail order a civilian 0:11:19.520 --> 0:11:23.120 style AK forty seven. There was no interrogation of the 0:11:23.120 --> 0:11:27.040 long history of racism or of repeated Republican rhetoric depicting 0:11:27.040 --> 0:11:31.959 immigrants as dangerous, but there were other convenient excuses. In 0:11:32.000 --> 0:11:34.840 an interview on the Sunday edition of Fox and Friends 0:11:34.920 --> 0:11:39.079 shortly after the Opasser tragedy, Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick 0:11:39.200 --> 0:11:43.280 offered a menu of alternative explanations for the mass shooting, 0:11:43.400 --> 0:11:47.319 such as video games. He also suggested that public schools 0:11:47.320 --> 0:11:50.760 needed a healthy infusion of theocracy and reverence for the 0:11:50.800 --> 0:11:51.720 stars and stripes. 0:11:53.120 --> 0:11:56.400 Where are we as a country. I look at social media, 0:11:56.720 --> 0:11:59.559 that the violence of just bullying people on social media 0:11:59.600 --> 0:12:02.200 every day, and we turn our head and we allow it. 0:12:03.200 --> 0:12:05.440 I look at on a Sunday morning when most of 0:12:05.480 --> 0:12:07.640 your viewers right now, half of the country are getting 0:12:07.679 --> 0:12:10.440 ready to go to church, and yet tomorrow we won't 0:12:10.480 --> 0:12:14.560 let our kids even pray in our schools. We have 0:12:14.640 --> 0:12:17.560 to look at ourselves as a nation. That's many factors 0:12:17.880 --> 0:12:20.680 that go into the shooting, many factors, and it's not 0:12:20.720 --> 0:12:23.320 a time to politicize at the time to look deep 0:12:23.360 --> 0:12:25.760 inside of who we are as a country where we 0:12:25.840 --> 0:12:29.000 no longer salute our flag or we throw water on 0:12:29.120 --> 0:12:31.240 law enforcement and thank god we have law enforcement. 0:12:32.160 --> 0:12:36.000 In recent years, Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick has described immigration 0:12:36.080 --> 0:12:38.640 at the southern border as an invasion that is part 0:12:38.679 --> 0:12:42.280 of a democratic plan to quote take over our country 0:12:42.320 --> 0:12:46.319 without firing a shot. In response to this alleged plan, 0:12:46.800 --> 0:12:49.320 Patrick has said that Texas has a right to defend 0:12:49.320 --> 0:12:53.800 itself from the threat of criminal invaders in a Fox 0:12:53.840 --> 0:12:55.720 News interview in twenty twenty four. 0:12:56.679 --> 0:12:59.760 For all those people who should come here legally processed 0:12:59.800 --> 0:13:05.160 and vetted. In that group are hundreds of thousands, thousands 0:13:05.200 --> 0:13:11.240 and thousands of criminals, murderers, molesters, gang members, drug dealers, carjackers, kidnappers, 0:13:11.480 --> 0:13:14.240 you name it, they're part of this group and terrorist. 0:13:14.880 --> 0:13:18.760 Patrick Crusius's panic about white genocide and the violent rise 0:13:19.160 --> 0:13:22.800 of black and brown people against Western civilization had deep 0:13:22.880 --> 0:13:27.680 roots in American culture. The Texas history of segregation, white 0:13:27.679 --> 0:13:33.560 flight post September eleventh, Islamophobia, and the backlash to globalization 0:13:33.800 --> 0:13:38.840 poison Crusius' particular worldview. But perhaps the biggest factor in 0:13:38.880 --> 0:13:42.440 Crusius's murderous rampage was that he was taught to hate 0:13:42.440 --> 0:13:45.040 and fear immigrants by the grown ups around him in 0:13:45.080 --> 0:13:46.439 the Dallas Fort Worth area. 0:13:46.960 --> 0:13:49.640 But before we get into that, a quick eye break. 0:13:59.080 --> 0:14:01.440 The fear of white distinction at the hands of so 0:14:01.559 --> 0:14:04.920 called savages dates back to Puritan New England in the 0:14:04.920 --> 0:14:08.720 sixteen hundreds, even as they lethally infected tens of thousands 0:14:08.760 --> 0:14:13.439 of native peoples with bubonic plague malaria measles, smallplox, and typhus. 0:14:13.880 --> 0:14:17.080 English colonizers slew thousands more in wars of conquests that 0:14:17.200 --> 0:14:20.800 did not spare the very old, infants, that disabled, or 0:14:20.800 --> 0:14:24.960 the unarmed. Puritans didn't just kill Native Americans. They often 0:14:24.960 --> 0:14:28.920 tortured them first and desecrated their bodies with rituals of humiliation, 0:14:29.240 --> 0:14:33.000 such as scalping. With each act of genocide, however, the 0:14:33.040 --> 0:14:37.600 Puritans projected those war crimes on their victims. One Puritan leader, 0:14:37.640 --> 0:14:41.480 William Bradford, the governor of the Plymouth Colony, warned that 0:14:41.520 --> 0:14:45.360 whites were in quote continual danger of the savage people. 0:14:46.080 --> 0:14:48.640 A white habit of mind formed that relieved any guilt 0:14:48.760 --> 0:14:52.600 the inhabitants of colonial America might feel about their bloodthirsty conquests. 0:14:53.240 --> 0:14:56.800 The invaders became the defenders of the homeland, the outarmed 0:14:56.840 --> 0:15:01.840 became the menace, and the vanquished became the progressors. In fact, 0:15:02.200 --> 0:15:04.560 genocide became an act of self defense. 0:15:05.720 --> 0:15:09.320 In the Lone Star state public school students are required 0:15:09.360 --> 0:15:13.320 to study Texas history, Crusius would have been fed highly 0:15:13.320 --> 0:15:17.000 distorted accounts of the Texas Revolution of eighteen thirty five 0:15:17.040 --> 0:15:20.880 to eighteen thirty six. Although the content has improved since 0:15:20.920 --> 0:15:24.800 the Civil Rights movement. For the most part, Texas history 0:15:24.840 --> 0:15:29.960 textbooks have depicted Mexican soldiers as ruthless killers who, without qualms, 0:15:30.360 --> 0:15:33.760 shot Anglo soldiers at the Battle of Goliad in Southeast 0:15:33.800 --> 0:15:37.200 Texas and the survivors at the Alamo after they surrendered. 0:15:37.840 --> 0:15:41.000 These same students were not typically taught that white Texans 0:15:41.040 --> 0:15:45.040 massacred six hundred and fifty Mexican soldiers, most of whom 0:15:45.080 --> 0:15:47.880 had already cast away their weapons after the Battle of 0:15:47.920 --> 0:15:52.000 San Jacinto the engagement that ended the Texas Revolutionary War. 0:15:52.920 --> 0:15:56.320 Until the late twentieth century, Texas students were also taught 0:15:56.360 --> 0:15:59.680 that after the Civil War, the abolition of slavery and 0:15:59.720 --> 0:16:05.120 the enfranchisemen of African Americans, dangerous chaos reigned. A sort 0:16:05.120 --> 0:16:08.360 of racist myth was promoted in textbooks and classroom lectures 0:16:08.400 --> 0:16:14.600 that Reconstruction, the state's first brief, failed experiment in multiracial democracy, 0:16:14.800 --> 0:16:19.440 was actually a tragedy. According to the legend promoted in schoolhouses, 0:16:19.920 --> 0:16:24.520 Reconstruction was defined not by increased literacy, improved infrastructure, in 0:16:24.560 --> 0:16:28.400 the expansion of black human rights, but instead by political corruption, 0:16:28.800 --> 0:16:33.280 wild government overspending, high taxes, out of control crime, and 0:16:33.400 --> 0:16:38.800 endemic incompetence. During reconstruction, children were taught the United States 0:16:39.200 --> 0:16:43.000 armed African American soldiers, who then harassed and assaulted harmless whites, 0:16:43.080 --> 0:16:47.360 especially women. In short, across the curriculum, white students learned 0:16:47.360 --> 0:16:50.640 that whenever black and brown people gained power politically, socially, 0:16:50.760 --> 0:16:54.360 or economically, white people have been in mortal peril, a 0:16:54.440 --> 0:16:58.040 lesson that implies the need to kill or be killed. 0:16:59.040 --> 0:17:02.960 In the nineteen twenty nineteen thirties, white American school kids 0:17:03.000 --> 0:17:07.119 across the country were indoctrinated into accepting eugenics. In their 0:17:07.160 --> 0:17:10.720 biology classes. They learned that if they didn't produce large 0:17:10.800 --> 0:17:16.040 enough families, whites would lose a demographic race to Jews, Italians, Russians, 0:17:16.320 --> 0:17:19.639 and other immigrants pouring into the country. A best selling 0:17:19.640 --> 0:17:23.800 American author in the nineteen twenties, Lothrop Stoddard, warned his 0:17:23.960 --> 0:17:28.520 readers that unless trends were reversed, racially, superior Nordics, as 0:17:28.520 --> 0:17:31.439 he called those from western northern Europe, might have to 0:17:31.480 --> 0:17:35.040 fight a war of extermination to stem a deadly tide 0:17:35.040 --> 0:17:38.320 of color. That when Gulf white people worldwide. 0:17:38.920 --> 0:17:42.080 El Paso shooter Patrick Crusius grew up in Colin County, 0:17:42.320 --> 0:17:45.800 which borders Dallas County on the north. The county's wealth 0:17:45.840 --> 0:17:48.760 before the Civil War derived primarily from cotton cultivated by 0:17:48.880 --> 0:17:53.480 enslaved labor. During reconstruction, klansmen organized in the county seat 0:17:53.480 --> 0:17:57.320 of McKinney to terrorize African Americans into not voting. African 0:17:57.320 --> 0:18:00.320 Americans continued to toil as farm labor after he RECNSCIS destruction, 0:18:00.800 --> 0:18:03.200 and the white population kept them under tight control through 0:18:03.240 --> 0:18:07.760 occasional outbursts of homicidal violence. In the summer of eighteen 0:18:07.840 --> 0:18:11.880 ninety eight, local whites panicked when between thirty to forty 0:18:11.920 --> 0:18:14.440 African Americans from out of town routinely gathered during a 0:18:14.520 --> 0:18:16.960 rainy season in hopes to be on hand when the 0:18:17.040 --> 0:18:20.600 weather cleared up so they could resume working. Ominous notices 0:18:20.640 --> 0:18:24.119 began to appear around the town that said quote, mister Negro, 0:18:24.200 --> 0:18:27.280 don't let the sun go down on you. On June 0:18:27.359 --> 0:18:30.639 fifteenth of that year, klansmen warned black residents that they 0:18:30.640 --> 0:18:32.959 had no more than ten days to leave the area. 0:18:33.800 --> 0:18:36.879 One family, the Sebrons, became the target of a violent 0:18:36.920 --> 0:18:40.119 mob of vigilantes known as white cappers, who arrived at 0:18:40.160 --> 0:18:41.800 their home in the middle of the night to punish 0:18:41.880 --> 0:18:45.400 them for not vacating their home on Main Street. Anticipating 0:18:45.440 --> 0:18:48.760 the arrival of the terrorists, Jake Sebrin stood by the 0:18:48.800 --> 0:18:51.720 door of his home holding a Winchester rifle. When his 0:18:51.720 --> 0:18:54.920 assailants realized he had a gun, they fired into the house. 0:18:55.560 --> 0:18:58.200 Jake then attempted to shoot back, but he was unable 0:18:58.200 --> 0:19:01.200 to stop the assailants from fatally shooting his pregnant wife, Laura. 0:19:01.880 --> 0:19:04.439 The three Cebrian children were found screaming and clinging to 0:19:04.480 --> 0:19:07.000 bed sheets near their mother's bloody body inside their home. 0:19:07.080 --> 0:19:10.120 When it was all said and done, White Capper violence 0:19:10.160 --> 0:19:13.760 continued for years across the state, targeting both African Americans 0:19:13.800 --> 0:19:17.080 and Mexican Americans in an effort to maintain white supremacy. 0:19:17.960 --> 0:19:22.680 Thirteen years later, on August eleventh, nineteen eleven, Colin County 0:19:22.720 --> 0:19:27.880 authorities arrested a Farmersville man, Commodore Jones, for allegedly flirting 0:19:27.920 --> 0:19:31.639 with a white telephone operator. A mob of three hundred 0:19:31.680 --> 0:19:35.960 outraged white sized Jones from police custody, carried him to 0:19:36.000 --> 0:19:38.560 the city square and hanged him from a poll in 0:19:38.560 --> 0:19:42.600 front of the telephone office. In spite of this, bloody history, 0:19:42.720 --> 0:19:46.680 Colin County got rich, and by the nineteen seventies transformed 0:19:46.720 --> 0:19:51.240 into a major urban center. This development correlated with white flight, 0:19:51.640 --> 0:19:55.600 as Dallas glacially succumbed to court order desegregation beginning in 0:19:55.640 --> 0:19:59.119 the nineteen sixties, and after uprising and response to a 0:19:59.200 --> 0:20:02.480 Dallas police saw officer forcing a twelve year old Latino 0:20:02.960 --> 0:20:06.480 Santos Rodriguez to play a fatal game of Russian Roulette 0:20:06.480 --> 0:20:08.360 in the backseat of a police squad car. 0:20:09.600 --> 0:20:13.919 White flight fueled population explosion in Colin County, governed by 0:20:13.920 --> 0:20:16.800 conservatives who kept property taxes low compared to those in 0:20:16.840 --> 0:20:20.560 the metropolitan center to the south. Corporations followed this population 0:20:20.680 --> 0:20:24.000 shift during the half century between the nineteen seventies and 0:20:24.000 --> 0:20:27.960 the twenty twenties. Doctor Pepper, Friedo Lay, J. C. Penny, Curing, 0:20:28.080 --> 0:20:31.720 Pizza Hut, and the Professional Golfers Association of America, as 0:20:31.720 --> 0:20:36.680 well as Toyota, planted their corporate headquarters there. However, even 0:20:36.720 --> 0:20:39.000 if whites moved to Colin County in the nineteen seventies 0:20:39.000 --> 0:20:43.000 to avoid school integration and feared urban unrest, the new 0:20:43.040 --> 0:20:47.000 corporations brought with them diverse work forces that include Muslims, Hindus, 0:20:47.000 --> 0:20:50.119 and people of color from all around the world. In 0:20:50.119 --> 0:20:53.440 two thousand, non Hispanic whites made up slightly more than 0:20:53.560 --> 0:20:57.679 eighty one percent of the Colon County population. In twenty twenty, 0:20:58.040 --> 0:21:02.439 that number was slightly less than fifty Asian Americans and 0:21:02.480 --> 0:21:05.359 Asian immigrants made up almost seven percent of the population, 0:21:05.840 --> 0:21:08.280 while Mexican Americans and immigrants from south of the Rio 0:21:08.359 --> 0:21:12.399 Grand represented more than ten percent. All the ingredients needed 0:21:12.520 --> 0:21:14.919 were present for a vicious racial backlash. 0:21:15.920 --> 0:21:19.080 By twenty thirteen, the right wing in the entire Dallas 0:21:19.080 --> 0:21:22.879 Fort Worth area was in full panic mode about immigration. 0:21:23.920 --> 0:21:26.880 In twenty nineteen, Texas was believed to have the largest 0:21:26.960 --> 0:21:31.119 Muslim population of any state, numbering about four hundred and 0:21:31.119 --> 0:21:34.399 twenty two thousand, still less than two percent of the 0:21:34.440 --> 0:21:38.240 total state population, but one of the fastest growing religious 0:21:38.240 --> 0:21:42.160 demographics in the area. Two thirds of that population lives 0:21:42.160 --> 0:21:46.520 in the Houston and Dallas Fort Worth metropolitan areas. Muslim 0:21:46.520 --> 0:21:49.960 worshippers pray it as many as fifty five mosque in 0:21:50.000 --> 0:21:52.879 the Dallas Fort Worth area, and the Muslim population in 0:21:52.960 --> 0:21:56.760 north central Texas is believed to have tripled since twenty ten. 0:21:57.800 --> 0:22:01.720 In twenty thirteen, Harry Lerosieir won election as mayor in 0:22:01.760 --> 0:22:05.359 the Collin County city of Plano. Conservatives mocked him at 0:22:05.359 --> 0:22:08.040 the time as the quote mayor from Haiti, in reference 0:22:08.040 --> 0:22:12.080 to his birthplace. When affordable multi family housing was proposed 0:22:12.400 --> 0:22:15.560 for the suburb of Plano, fear quickly spread that black 0:22:15.600 --> 0:22:19.480 and brown, low income workers would fill those residences. Signs 0:22:19.520 --> 0:22:23.359 appeared that said quote, don't Dallas my Plano, referring to 0:22:23.400 --> 0:22:26.240 the largely black and brown population in the metropolitan center. 0:22:27.080 --> 0:22:29.840 Republican politicians across the Dallas Fort Worth area began to 0:22:29.920 --> 0:22:33.760 warn that some of the newcomers plotted to impose quote Sharia, 0:22:34.320 --> 0:22:38.000 or Muslim law. The panic stemmed from the practice of 0:22:38.080 --> 0:22:43.640 many American mosques offering non binding mediation services, employing principles 0:22:43.680 --> 0:22:47.000 from the Qur'an to couples in troubled marriages to resolve 0:22:47.040 --> 0:22:51.200 bitter business disputes between Muslims and so on. Such arbitration 0:22:51.320 --> 0:22:54.200 is not legally binding, and Muslim practices can't be imposed 0:22:54.240 --> 0:22:56.040 on non Muslims because of the First Amendment of the 0:22:56.080 --> 0:23:00.320 United States Constitution, which forbids the government from establishing any 0:23:00.320 --> 0:23:04.440 sort of religion. Nevertheless, one Plaino State Representative Jeff Leach 0:23:04.640 --> 0:23:08.639 in twenty fifteen introduced an anti sharia law in the 0:23:08.680 --> 0:23:13.280 Texas legislature. His bill failed, but Governor Abbott later signed 0:23:13.280 --> 0:23:14.960 a similar law in twenty seventeen. 0:23:16.600 --> 0:23:25.560 Stay with us through this ad break to learn more. 0:23:28.240 --> 0:23:31.760 Dread about Muslims and Sharia law dominated politics in Irving, 0:23:32.080 --> 0:23:34.800 a suburb with a population of about a quarter million 0:23:34.840 --> 0:23:39.320 people twelve miles northwest of Dallas for much of twenty fifteen. 0:23:40.080 --> 0:23:44.359 In February, then Mayor Beth Van Dyne, who later became 0:23:44.400 --> 0:23:49.600 a Trump appointee, characterized a Muslim mediation panel reportedly located 0:23:49.600 --> 0:23:53.480 in the Islamic center of Irving as an Islamic court. 0:23:53.800 --> 0:23:57.360 She introduced a resolution to the Irving City Council supporting 0:23:57.440 --> 0:24:01.920 Leech's proposed legislation. It passed five to four, is reported 0:24:01.920 --> 0:24:03.960 by a CBS affiliate in Dallas. 0:24:04.840 --> 0:24:08.359 Irving Mayor Beth Van Dyne has accused local Muslim leaders 0:24:08.400 --> 0:24:12.280 in the past of creating their own laws called Sharia law, 0:24:12.560 --> 0:24:17.639 and adjudicating that doctrine bypassing the state and federal court system. 0:24:18.000 --> 0:24:21.440 Catholic and Jewish faiths also have similar tribunals that are 0:24:21.480 --> 0:24:25.639 presided over by faith leaders who act as arbitrators, but 0:24:25.720 --> 0:24:29.080 the locally mom here in Irving says Islam is being 0:24:29.160 --> 0:24:31.560 targeted yet not breaking any law. 0:24:32.280 --> 0:24:36.880 They believe that we are trying to supersede the all 0:24:36.920 --> 0:24:40.160 state laws, and that's not the case. We work within 0:24:40.200 --> 0:24:42.280 the boundaries of federal and state law. 0:24:43.240 --> 0:24:46.480 Anti Muslim tensions spread across the Dallas Fort Worth area, 0:24:46.840 --> 0:24:50.840 ending in tragic violence. Anti Muslim extremists held a deliberately 0:24:50.880 --> 0:24:54.760 provocative quote draw the profit art contest in Garland, Texas, 0:24:55.040 --> 0:24:57.360 a city of about two hundred and thirty five thousand 0:24:57.440 --> 0:24:59.800 just north of Dallas, knowing that the images of Ma 0:25:00.000 --> 0:25:03.240 Shamed are prohibited by Islam and were likely to inflame 0:25:03.320 --> 0:25:07.480 the broader Muslim community. Two heavily armed Muslim men took 0:25:07.520 --> 0:25:10.320 the bait that day, driving from out of state and 0:25:10.440 --> 0:25:12.879 arriving at the scene of the contest on May third. 0:25:13.200 --> 0:25:15.919 They then shot a Garland police car before being killed 0:25:16.200 --> 0:25:17.040 with return fire. 0:25:18.160 --> 0:25:22.000 Little more than four months at the Garland shootings, Irving 0:25:22.040 --> 0:25:27.520 police arrested Achmed Mohammed, a Muslim of Sudanese background, on 0:25:27.840 --> 0:25:32.080