1 00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:06,840 Speaker 1: From Mediators World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:10,880 Speaker 1: Cal's we Can review, presented by Steel Steel products are 3 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,680 Speaker 1: available only at authorized dealers. For more, go to Steel 4 00:00:14,760 --> 00:00:20,720 Speaker 1: Dealers dot com. Now here's your host, Ryan cal callahan. 5 00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:25,440 Speaker 1: In a bold new move, many soft plastic baits are 6 00:00:25,480 --> 00:00:29,760 Speaker 1: starting to incorporate metha amphetamine amongst their crayfish, shrimp and 7 00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:34,320 Speaker 1: smelt sense. Berkeley power Bait says, quote the fish can't 8 00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:38,120 Speaker 1: quit it. The only downside is retailers are having to 9 00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:41,920 Speaker 1: encase Power Bait displays in bulletproof glass and pay armed 10 00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:45,560 Speaker 1: guards to watch their paddle and twister tail grubs. Only 11 00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:49,200 Speaker 1: a reliquotum you can quote order it for you. That's 12 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:52,880 Speaker 1: a joke. But we all know obsessive anglers that would 13 00:00:52,960 --> 00:00:56,680 Speaker 1: laugh publicly at the notion, but secretly would not be 14 00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:01,800 Speaker 1: beyond buying illegal, highly addictive substances such as meth amphetamine 15 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:04,880 Speaker 1: if it gave them an advantage in the next turney, 16 00:01:05,040 --> 00:01:07,680 Speaker 1: or even just bragging rights at the family camp out. 17 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 1: This joke has already been played out in the animated 18 00:01:11,160 --> 00:01:13,840 Speaker 1: series King of the Hill or Old Hank through some 19 00:01:13,920 --> 00:01:17,640 Speaker 1: miscommunication by his crack as a secret bass bait and 20 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:22,120 Speaker 1: well it works. Well, that is the Danes thing. This 21 00:01:22,200 --> 00:01:26,600 Speaker 1: is the same fish I just threw back anyway. Pavel, 22 00:01:26,720 --> 00:01:31,039 Speaker 1: Horky and team recently published the paper Metha Amphetamine Elicits, 23 00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:34,800 Speaker 1: Addiction and wild Fish in the aptly named Journal of 24 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:38,680 Speaker 1: Experimental Biology. Pavel and team aren't the breaking bad of 25 00:01:38,760 --> 00:01:42,160 Speaker 1: the fisheries biology world. They just had a question. Do 26 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:46,160 Speaker 1: contaminants from illicit drugs, which are now routinely observed in 27 00:01:46,280 --> 00:01:50,680 Speaker 1: water alter fish behavior. If you do not know human 28 00:01:50,720 --> 00:01:53,880 Speaker 1: waste water, anything that goes down the drain carries with 29 00:01:53,920 --> 00:01:56,800 Speaker 1: it all the stuff we don't fully digest, the stuff 30 00:01:56,800 --> 00:01:59,520 Speaker 1: we dump into the toilet or sink, and of course 31 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:04,840 Speaker 1: the occasional goldfish. Wastewater treatment facilities are not designed to 32 00:02:04,960 --> 00:02:08,280 Speaker 1: filter drugs from the water, so these compounds that could 33 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:12,840 Speaker 1: be stimulants, antidepressants, even hormones can make it into rivers, lakes, 34 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:16,560 Speaker 1: and streams. The occasional unused bottle of pills that make 35 00:02:16,600 --> 00:02:19,440 Speaker 1: it into the toilet at a rural farmhouse is not 36 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:23,600 Speaker 1: what we're talking about. We are talking about major city centers, 37 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:26,959 Speaker 1: lots of pills, lots of toilets, lots of water. By 38 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:29,920 Speaker 1: placing brown trout in an aquarium tank that have been 39 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:33,200 Speaker 1: laced with the levels of methamphetamine similar to those found 40 00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:38,080 Speaker 1: in rivers near wastewater outflow from cities Horky and Team Well. 41 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:41,320 Speaker 1: They hook some fish on some math. Then, to prove 42 00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:43,959 Speaker 1: that the brown trout were really hooked on math, they 43 00:02:44,040 --> 00:02:47,520 Speaker 1: transferred them every ten days to a holding tank that 44 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:52,040 Speaker 1: contained fresh water, but that tank had access to meth 45 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:55,560 Speaker 1: laced water. The brown trout chose to swim out of 46 00:02:55,560 --> 00:02:59,359 Speaker 1: the clean water and into the meth water, which scientists 47 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:03,440 Speaker 1: believe showed a dependence on the drug, proving that fish 48 00:03:03,520 --> 00:03:08,679 Speaker 1: in the wild could in theory, become chemically dependent. Pharmaceutical companies, 49 00:03:08,680 --> 00:03:11,600 Speaker 1: in response, are busy trying to see how they can 50 00:03:11,639 --> 00:03:17,639 Speaker 1: get fish to purchase the drugs or swim elsewhere. This 51 00:03:17,680 --> 00:03:21,720 Speaker 1: week we've got shark attacks, stealth getting ready, and so 52 00:03:21,919 --> 00:03:24,320 Speaker 1: much more. But first I'm gonna tell you about my week. 53 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:27,800 Speaker 1: For those of you who have been keeping up, I 54 00:03:27,880 --> 00:03:30,120 Speaker 1: hit the high desert of Utah last week for a 55 00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:32,880 Speaker 1: friend's wedding with a wild turkey bone in breast and 56 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:35,000 Speaker 1: the whole goose that I had smoked on the camp 57 00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:38,480 Speaker 1: chef hundred five degrees for a lot of that journey 58 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:41,000 Speaker 1: which is too hot for me, but not too hot 59 00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:43,920 Speaker 1: to travel with meat. Here are my quick tips for 60 00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:49,200 Speaker 1: carnate carriers, meet merchants, and protein providers. For twelve hour travel. 61 00:03:49,560 --> 00:03:52,520 Speaker 1: You need meat to be at a standard refrigerator temp 62 00:03:52,720 --> 00:03:56,040 Speaker 1: all the way through. You cannot bring ice on airplanes 63 00:03:56,080 --> 00:03:58,400 Speaker 1: these days, and dry eyes can be a pain to find. 64 00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:02,280 Speaker 1: Soft coolers are ideal. I've had a bunch of yetti 65 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:05,480 Speaker 1: products for a decade. At this point is a soft 66 00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:10,240 Speaker 1: cooler necessary? No, stack your meat on top of itself 67 00:04:10,520 --> 00:04:13,520 Speaker 1: so all of your cold products are touching. Wrap that 68 00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:16,279 Speaker 1: bundle of protein and all of your spare clothes and 69 00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:19,680 Speaker 1: you'll be fine. Where you will be missing that soft 70 00:04:19,680 --> 00:04:22,640 Speaker 1: cooler is if your meat bundle leaks into your once 71 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:26,279 Speaker 1: nice set of wedding or funeral clothes or what have you. 72 00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:30,520 Speaker 1: For longer travel, get that meat frozen. It is ideal 73 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:33,960 Speaker 1: to keep the meat in larger pieces, roast, not steaks. 74 00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:37,680 Speaker 1: Your hard work won't thaw as quickly. If you're bringing 75 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:40,599 Speaker 1: a hard or soft cooler, it will give you peace 76 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:44,159 Speaker 1: of mind to pre cool the cooler prior to travel, 77 00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:47,920 Speaker 1: meaning let the warm cooler melt the ice you put 78 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:50,440 Speaker 1: in it. Before it gets a chance to melt your meat. 79 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:54,239 Speaker 1: Dump the ice and water out, replaced with your frozen 80 00:04:54,279 --> 00:04:57,640 Speaker 1: things before you head for the airport. Provided I know 81 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:00,320 Speaker 1: there is a way to wash clothes, or I'm super 82 00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:04,040 Speaker 1: confident in my timeline and meat packing ability, I put 83 00:05:04,040 --> 00:05:07,600 Speaker 1: my extra clothes in the cooler to provide more insulation. 84 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:11,720 Speaker 1: If not clothes, I travel often with microfiber towels that 85 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:15,200 Speaker 1: dry super quickly, even in humid or rainy places like 86 00:05:15,240 --> 00:05:19,080 Speaker 1: Alaska or a crappy Florida hotel room, just by pre 87 00:05:19,200 --> 00:05:23,280 Speaker 1: cooling meat to refrigerator temp, pre cooling my coolers, filling 88 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:26,560 Speaker 1: all available space in the cooler. I have had meat 89 00:05:26,640 --> 00:05:30,719 Speaker 1: bundles lost by airplanes in extreme summer heat for days 90 00:05:31,240 --> 00:05:34,679 Speaker 1: full seventy two hours with no meat loss. Frozen fish 91 00:05:34,680 --> 00:05:38,160 Speaker 1: filets packed tightly on top of each other, wrapped in clothes, 92 00:05:38,279 --> 00:05:42,640 Speaker 1: sometimes secured with nonsticktate stay cold for twenty four hours. 93 00:05:43,160 --> 00:05:46,239 Speaker 1: Glass bottles stuffed in a sock and into a knee boot, 94 00:05:46,360 --> 00:05:49,520 Speaker 1: wrapped up in a sweater will not break. If you 95 00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:52,760 Speaker 1: can dream it, you can do it. We have the meat. 96 00:05:53,760 --> 00:05:56,120 Speaker 1: If you have the ability, it is hard to beat. 97 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:59,039 Speaker 1: Too hard cooler when on the ground. You just can't 98 00:05:59,080 --> 00:06:01,719 Speaker 1: sit around the camp fire on a soft cooler very well. 99 00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:05,360 Speaker 1: One last note in regards to a hard cooler. If 100 00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:07,680 Speaker 1: you want to travel with a hard cooler, it is 101 00:06:07,760 --> 00:06:10,440 Speaker 1: great to run duct tape around where the lid meets 102 00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:13,039 Speaker 1: the body of the cooler. However, t s A will 103 00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:15,640 Speaker 1: cut or tear this off, so I like to use 104 00:06:15,680 --> 00:06:19,000 Speaker 1: a cam strap and secure the lid. With that, you 105 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:22,280 Speaker 1: can get a bit more pressure tightening that seal, preventing 106 00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:25,039 Speaker 1: any air exchange, and most of the time t s 107 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:28,599 Speaker 1: A gets the cooler and strapped back to you. The 108 00:06:28,640 --> 00:06:30,719 Speaker 1: other thing I want to talk about this week is 109 00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:34,560 Speaker 1: uh we at Meat Eater Inc. Combined with sims F, 110 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:37,479 Speaker 1: h F Gear and Trout Unlimited, took the Old Town 111 00:06:37,480 --> 00:06:39,719 Speaker 1: Canoes down a stretch at water here in the Greater 112 00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:43,599 Speaker 1: Bos Angeles area and loaded canoes full of junk river 113 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:47,719 Speaker 1: trash during our annual river clean up. I would rather 114 00:06:47,760 --> 00:06:51,160 Speaker 1: be fishing, but floating is floating, And if you give 115 00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:53,520 Speaker 1: me the choice of hacking on the computer and picking 116 00:06:53,600 --> 00:06:56,040 Speaker 1: up trash on a river, I'll be a trash man 117 00:06:56,120 --> 00:07:00,560 Speaker 1: any day. No, we didn't find anything really good mid 118 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:03,880 Speaker 1: grade fishing net still usable condom still in the rapper 119 00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:08,320 Speaker 1: not usable. If nobody launts that, I'll take it. A 120 00:07:08,400 --> 00:07:12,120 Speaker 1: couple of quick updates. Goldfisher popping up in public waters 121 00:07:12,120 --> 00:07:16,160 Speaker 1: from Missouri to Canada. Quit dumping your pets into public water. 122 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:20,040 Speaker 1: Don't do it. You're tired of dealing with them, Throw 123 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:22,880 Speaker 1: them out, give them to your neighbor's cat. If you 124 00:07:22,960 --> 00:07:26,720 Speaker 1: have something interesting, you can always contact an aquarium and 125 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:29,400 Speaker 1: see if there would be willing to take the pet in. 126 00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:34,400 Speaker 1: Do a little homework, don't dump them. Next up the 127 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:38,760 Speaker 1: Grizz episode from last week, episode one. Remember the bear 128 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:41,240 Speaker 1: that attacked and killed the sixty five year old cyclist 129 00:07:41,240 --> 00:07:45,720 Speaker 1: in Ovando, Montana. Well, that bear is officially dead. The 130 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:48,760 Speaker 1: bear matching the physical description was shot as it came 131 00:07:48,800 --> 00:07:52,080 Speaker 1: into another chicken coop in the area. DNA samples were 132 00:07:52,120 --> 00:07:55,440 Speaker 1: taken and matched against the Grizz DNA at the previous scene. 133 00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:59,560 Speaker 1: If you were asking why go through with this DNA analysis, 134 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:03,080 Speaker 1: it's simple. Montana fishing game wants to know if the 135 00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:05,800 Speaker 1: bear that attacked and killed a woman last week in 136 00:08:05,840 --> 00:08:09,440 Speaker 1: a predatory manner, meaning the bear was not surprised or 137 00:08:09,560 --> 00:08:13,800 Speaker 1: keeping its cub safe or guarding food cash. You know, 138 00:08:13,840 --> 00:08:17,400 Speaker 1: out in the wilderness Somewhere. This bear attacked a woman, 139 00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:21,560 Speaker 1: presumably to eat her. The point of the DNA analysis 140 00:08:21,760 --> 00:08:24,440 Speaker 1: is to know if that bear is really dead, and 141 00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:28,680 Speaker 1: the results are in it is carry your bear spray 142 00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:31,600 Speaker 1: be on your a game in the bear woods. This season, 143 00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:35,320 Speaker 1: more so than some seasons passed, Bears that are stressed 144 00:08:35,320 --> 00:08:40,640 Speaker 1: for food, like in drought years, are unpredictable bears. Moving 145 00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:44,800 Speaker 1: on to the shark desk off the coast to Jordan. 146 00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:46,920 Speaker 1: In the Red Sea last week, a shark bit a 147 00:08:47,040 --> 00:08:49,920 Speaker 1: thirty seven year old man who was parasailing over the 148 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:52,959 Speaker 1: surface of the water at the time. That's right. The 149 00:08:53,040 --> 00:08:56,040 Speaker 1: shark leapt up and closed its jaws around the ankle 150 00:08:56,040 --> 00:08:58,360 Speaker 1: of a man who had floated down towards the water 151 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:02,240 Speaker 1: while writing an enormous parachute. If you're a shark week 152 00:09:02,280 --> 00:09:06,920 Speaker 1: adrenaline junkie, this was your super Bowl. Although the unidentified 153 00:09:06,960 --> 00:09:09,560 Speaker 1: man lost part of his foot, he was listed in 154 00:09:09,640 --> 00:09:16,959 Speaker 1: stable condition. That's not upon you, sickos after being transported 155 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:20,839 Speaker 1: to a hospital in Jordan's over In Australia, a great 156 00:09:20,840 --> 00:09:23,440 Speaker 1: white shark bit a chunk out of a surfer Joe 157 00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:27,640 Speaker 1: Hoffman near Crescent Head Beach in New South Wales. Luckily 158 00:09:27,720 --> 00:09:31,040 Speaker 1: for Hoffman, trained medical personnel happened to be relaxing on 159 00:09:31,080 --> 00:09:33,440 Speaker 1: that very same beach and we're able to apply a 160 00:09:33,440 --> 00:09:36,280 Speaker 1: tourniquet made of a surfboard tether in time to save 161 00:09:36,320 --> 00:09:40,800 Speaker 1: his arm. Hoffman surfboard was not as fortunate. The shark 162 00:09:40,920 --> 00:09:43,080 Speaker 1: also took a chunk out of that the size of 163 00:09:43,080 --> 00:09:46,760 Speaker 1: a large watermelon. One heck of a souvenir. With that 164 00:09:46,880 --> 00:09:49,960 Speaker 1: on your wall, in combination with the scar, let's just 165 00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:52,680 Speaker 1: say you no longer have to consider getting a cool 166 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:56,400 Speaker 1: tattoo to help you with the opposite sex. Joe Spear 167 00:09:56,440 --> 00:10:00,000 Speaker 1: fisherman in Australia were also attacked by a great white 168 00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:03,000 Speaker 1: last week. One of the underwater anglers came home with 169 00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:06,880 Speaker 1: no fish and an incredible set of scars requiring over 170 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:10,240 Speaker 1: one hundred stitches. You can read more about this one 171 00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:13,760 Speaker 1: at the mediator dot com by Katie Hill. Here's a 172 00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:17,280 Speaker 1: teaser for you. I only had two to three meters 173 00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:20,360 Speaker 1: of space to react. He rocketed up with the biggest 174 00:10:20,400 --> 00:10:23,560 Speaker 1: jaws I've ever seen in my life, so many teeth. 175 00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:27,360 Speaker 1: For two to three seconds, everything was completely silent, and 176 00:10:27,400 --> 00:10:30,320 Speaker 1: then he just whacked me. He came straight up underneath 177 00:10:30,320 --> 00:10:32,400 Speaker 1: me and grabbed my leg, and that's when all of 178 00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:37,199 Speaker 1: my senses came alive. That friends, is called fight or flight. 179 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:42,760 Speaker 1: This guy chose to fight. Lucked in here with you. 180 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:48,280 Speaker 1: In fairness, his diet partner did too, both poking the 181 00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:51,760 Speaker 1: great white with their spear tips. Side note on this one, 182 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:55,439 Speaker 1: they were hunting bald chin groper, which is a kissing 183 00:10:55,480 --> 00:10:59,719 Speaker 1: cousin to the California sheep. Had a rass And I 184 00:10:59,760 --> 00:11:02,400 Speaker 1: don't care how much time you as a person spending 185 00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:05,560 Speaker 1: the water, everything that you encounter that swims for a 186 00:11:05,640 --> 00:11:10,120 Speaker 1: living will make you look slow and awkward. The fourth 187 00:11:10,120 --> 00:11:12,640 Speaker 1: shark attack and the news just hit the papers, but 188 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:15,920 Speaker 1: the incident itself took place about three thousand years ago. 189 00:11:16,559 --> 00:11:20,280 Speaker 1: Researchers at Oxford University studying human remains from the Sacomo 190 00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:24,360 Speaker 1: Shell Mound site in Japan came across one skeleton identified 191 00:11:24,400 --> 00:11:27,760 Speaker 1: as number twenty four that was in especially rough shape. 192 00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:31,600 Speaker 1: The bones showed no fewer than seven hundred and ninety 193 00:11:31,800 --> 00:11:36,080 Speaker 1: deep serrated gouges. One hand had been sheered off, one 194 00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:38,800 Speaker 1: leg was missing, and the other leg had been buried 195 00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:41,439 Speaker 1: on top of the body with the foot position towards 196 00:11:41,440 --> 00:11:46,079 Speaker 1: the head. Wounds were spread across Number twenty four arms, legs, chest, 197 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:49,800 Speaker 1: and torso, and the pattern didn't match any more commonly 198 00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:54,959 Speaker 1: recognized human or animal inflicted traumas. By process of elimination, 199 00:11:55,240 --> 00:11:57,839 Speaker 1: the team concluded that this person must have been the 200 00:11:57,920 --> 00:12:01,720 Speaker 1: victim of a shark attack. They also conducted carbon dating 201 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:04,760 Speaker 1: on the bones and discovered that this particular shark attack 202 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:09,080 Speaker 1: happened three thousand years ago. The Oxford researchers went on 203 00:12:09,120 --> 00:12:11,760 Speaker 1: to construct a three D rendering of Number twenty four 204 00:12:11,920 --> 00:12:14,680 Speaker 1: body at the time of the attack, showing how major 205 00:12:14,679 --> 00:12:19,040 Speaker 1: blood vessels would have been severed almost immediately, and because 206 00:12:19,080 --> 00:12:22,480 Speaker 1: the body had been buried instead of you know, ending 207 00:12:22,559 --> 00:12:26,000 Speaker 1: up as fish food. They further concluded that Number twenty 208 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:29,200 Speaker 1: four must have been with other people who managed to 209 00:12:29,240 --> 00:12:33,920 Speaker 1: recover his body, possibly other fishermen. This is the earliest 210 00:12:33,960 --> 00:12:36,640 Speaker 1: known evidence of a shark attack, meaning that prior to 211 00:12:36,720 --> 00:12:42,199 Speaker 1: this humans and sharks existed peacefully, or whomever was attacked 212 00:12:42,280 --> 00:12:45,520 Speaker 1: prior to three thousand years ago didn't have friends who 213 00:12:45,800 --> 00:13:04,480 Speaker 1: thought them worth burying. I'll let you decide. Moving on 214 00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:09,079 Speaker 1: to the Quiet Flyer Desk, scientists at the University of 215 00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:11,960 Speaker 1: Bristol blew my socks off this week with the study 216 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:18,080 Speaker 1: on moths. Seriously, moths, they're incredibly techy. Acoustic camouflage is 217 00:13:18,120 --> 00:13:20,920 Speaker 1: what they use to evade the bats that prey on them. 218 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:24,080 Speaker 1: You likely already know that bats navigating the dark by 219 00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:28,000 Speaker 1: using a form of sonar. They send out supersonic clicking sounds. 220 00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:31,120 Speaker 1: Then construct a mental map of the structures around them 221 00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:35,040 Speaker 1: by hearing exactly how those sounds bounce back. This allows 222 00:13:35,080 --> 00:13:38,120 Speaker 1: bats to zero in on the flying insects they hunt. 223 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:42,160 Speaker 1: This doesn't always lead to the desired results, however, You 224 00:13:42,280 --> 00:13:45,240 Speaker 1: anglers out there who have kept on casting into dusk 225 00:13:45,400 --> 00:13:48,120 Speaker 1: have likely had a bat echolocate the fly on the 226 00:13:48,200 --> 00:13:50,800 Speaker 1: end of your line and attack it. It's not just 227 00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:55,120 Speaker 1: fish that get fooled by elk hare catos anyway. Moths 228 00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:59,079 Speaker 1: have evolved all kinds of ways to survive their echolocating predators. 229 00:13:59,520 --> 00:14:02,280 Speaker 1: Some moms here where the clicking is coming from and 230 00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:05,520 Speaker 1: dodge bats in mid air. Some emit their own clicks 231 00:14:05,559 --> 00:14:08,840 Speaker 1: to scramble the bat sonar, and some have long tails 232 00:14:08,880 --> 00:14:11,280 Speaker 1: extending off the end of their wings that act as 233 00:14:11,320 --> 00:14:14,440 Speaker 1: a kind of decoy. The bats will locate and attack 234 00:14:14,520 --> 00:14:17,440 Speaker 1: these wing tails instead of the moth's body, and the 235 00:14:17,440 --> 00:14:21,280 Speaker 1: moth lives to flap another day. But the University of 236 00:14:21,320 --> 00:14:24,640 Speaker 1: Bristol team looked at two species without any of these 237 00:14:24,680 --> 00:14:29,600 Speaker 1: attributes and discovered a previously unknown strategy moths that absorbed 238 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:33,120 Speaker 1: the bat sonar and therefore disappear like a tree falls 239 00:14:33,120 --> 00:14:34,680 Speaker 1: in the woods sort of thing, you know what I'm 240 00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:38,040 Speaker 1: talking about. The scientists studied the surface of these moth 241 00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:42,360 Speaker 1: wings and discovered an amazingly complex system of sound absorbing scales. 242 00:14:42,920 --> 00:14:46,440 Speaker 1: These scales are only one micron wide, about a third 243 00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:49,400 Speaker 1: width of a strand of a spider's web. The bat 244 00:14:49,480 --> 00:14:53,120 Speaker 1: chirp sound waves fit between the scales and get trapped. 245 00:14:53,160 --> 00:14:55,760 Speaker 1: They don't bounce back. If they were to hit him 246 00:14:55,760 --> 00:15:00,640 Speaker 1: more reflective, flat, wide surface, they would bounce back. Electron 247 00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:04,800 Speaker 1: microscope images of these moth scales alongside butterfly wings are 248 00:15:04,920 --> 00:15:08,880 Speaker 1: especially revealing. Butterflies flit around during the day and don't 249 00:15:08,920 --> 00:15:11,680 Speaker 1: have to contend with bats. The scales on their wings 250 00:15:11,720 --> 00:15:14,680 Speaker 1: are as regular and flat as dinner play it's whereas 251 00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:18,320 Speaker 1: the moth scales look like shingles made of fur. The 252 00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:22,120 Speaker 1: scientist shot simulated back clicks at the moth wings and 253 00:15:22,200 --> 00:15:28,080 Speaker 1: measured a sixty absorption of ultrasonic energy. So like, imagine 254 00:15:28,120 --> 00:15:30,320 Speaker 1: if you were looking at a deer at a hundred 255 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:33,680 Speaker 1: yards and all of a sudden, more than two thirds 256 00:15:33,680 --> 00:15:36,800 Speaker 1: of the light hitting that deer stopped coming into your eyes. 257 00:15:37,360 --> 00:15:39,880 Speaker 1: It would be very, very hard to put your cross 258 00:15:39,920 --> 00:15:43,280 Speaker 1: hairs in the appropriate place. You wouldn't effectively see two 259 00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:46,520 Speaker 1: thirds of that animal. What I find amazing is that 260 00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:50,320 Speaker 1: all this complex sound muffling tech on these moth wings 261 00:15:50,560 --> 00:15:53,240 Speaker 1: doesn't affect the ability of the wings to create lift, 262 00:15:53,480 --> 00:15:57,160 Speaker 1: despite the added surface area or drag created by the scales. 263 00:15:57,760 --> 00:15:59,680 Speaker 1: Makes me think of the fact that the United States 264 00:15:59,680 --> 00:16:02,520 Speaker 1: Military Erry has just announced the need for an updated 265 00:16:02,520 --> 00:16:05,640 Speaker 1: stealth fighter. Also makes me think of the fact that 266 00:16:06,120 --> 00:16:09,040 Speaker 1: what is the deal with butterflies that don't have to 267 00:16:09,040 --> 00:16:16,120 Speaker 1: contend with bats? They're super pretty, but really nowhere cool 268 00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:19,920 Speaker 1: as moss. Final note on this one. While reading the 269 00:16:19,960 --> 00:16:22,880 Speaker 1: fine print on this study, I saw that the scientists 270 00:16:22,880 --> 00:16:27,000 Speaker 1: procured their moth specimens not from some highly specialized scientific 271 00:16:27,080 --> 00:16:30,520 Speaker 1: lab supplier, but instead from a website called the bug 272 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:34,320 Speaker 1: maniac dot com, which leads to an Etsy page. That 273 00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:38,200 Speaker 1: is amazing. However, I have to say if you have 274 00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:42,640 Speaker 1: read the book The Feather Thief. Well, looking at this website, 275 00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:45,480 Speaker 1: it certainly makes you wonder if some of these specimens 276 00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:48,920 Speaker 1: may be taken at the peril of the species. Bug 277 00:16:48,960 --> 00:16:52,760 Speaker 1: collecting can be harmful. Please check with suppliers before you 278 00:16:52,800 --> 00:16:56,480 Speaker 1: buy as to the ethics of procurement, and check the 279 00:16:56,520 --> 00:17:00,200 Speaker 1: International Union of the Conservation of Nature's list. Just real 280 00:17:00,280 --> 00:17:03,440 Speaker 1: quick Wikipedia search on it anything that could give you 281 00:17:03,480 --> 00:17:06,640 Speaker 1: a potential red flag, because I look at that website 282 00:17:06,640 --> 00:17:08,480 Speaker 1: and I'm like, man, I want a big beatle. But 283 00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:12,800 Speaker 1: check it out first. Moving on to the extended family desk, 284 00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:18,720 Speaker 1: a recently rediscovered hominid skull from China is scrambling what 285 00:17:18,760 --> 00:17:21,920 Speaker 1: we know about human evolution. The skull was first pulled 286 00:17:21,920 --> 00:17:24,639 Speaker 1: out of the ground in three by a worker on 287 00:17:24,680 --> 00:17:28,880 Speaker 1: a bridge building crew near the northeastern Chinese city of Harbin. 288 00:17:29,720 --> 00:17:32,760 Speaker 1: That worker kept the skull hidden in an abandoned well 289 00:17:32,880 --> 00:17:36,520 Speaker 1: for almost eighty years until he told his grandchildren about 290 00:17:36,560 --> 00:17:40,000 Speaker 1: it on his deathbed. They recovered the skull and passed 291 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:43,920 Speaker 1: it to a team of scientists at High Bay Geo University, 292 00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:47,400 Speaker 1: who dated it to at least one hundred and fourties 293 00:17:47,520 --> 00:17:51,720 Speaker 1: six thousand years ago. You have to wonder if his 294 00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:57,760 Speaker 1: grandchildren were happy with this deathbed secret, no cash, Grandpa 295 00:17:58,160 --> 00:18:02,160 Speaker 1: hundred forty six thousand year old skull. Yeah, you tell me, 296 00:18:02,720 --> 00:18:08,640 Speaker 1: I'm not mad, I'm just disappointed. Up until now, anthropologists 297 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:11,600 Speaker 1: thought they had a pretty good idea of what hominid 298 00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:15,600 Speaker 1: skulls from this period should look like, heavy protruding brows 299 00:18:15,680 --> 00:18:20,159 Speaker 1: and cheekbones, broad faces, smaller brain cases. But the Harbin 300 00:18:20,280 --> 00:18:24,640 Speaker 1: skull has a previously unseen mix of older and newer features, 301 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:29,000 Speaker 1: including the jetting brow and wide face of older hominids 302 00:18:29,040 --> 00:18:33,280 Speaker 1: and the finer, flatter cheekbones of us modern humans. The 303 00:18:33,320 --> 00:18:37,720 Speaker 1: skull also has simply enormous eye sockets and brain volume 304 00:18:37,960 --> 00:18:41,040 Speaker 1: that is just as big and maybe bigger than the 305 00:18:41,119 --> 00:18:44,639 Speaker 1: volume of our modern skulls. With big eyes and a 306 00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:48,200 Speaker 1: big brain, to attributes we modern humans could find pretty 307 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:51,000 Speaker 1: darn helpful, you have to wonder why this branch of 308 00:18:51,040 --> 00:18:54,560 Speaker 1: the family tree didn't take off and grow. Where does 309 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:58,520 Speaker 1: the Harbin skull fit into human evolution? Some scientists think 310 00:18:58,520 --> 00:19:01,080 Speaker 1: that the skull belongs to the mysterio is Dennis Silvans, 311 00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:05,560 Speaker 1: a human ancestor distinct from both Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens 312 00:19:05,560 --> 00:19:09,760 Speaker 1: that has so far left behind only a few bone fragments. 313 00:19:09,800 --> 00:19:13,679 Speaker 1: Some scientists think this should be an entirely new Homo species, 314 00:19:14,040 --> 00:19:16,880 Speaker 1: a new branch on the human family tree that didn't 315 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:21,080 Speaker 1: lead to modern people, but rather existed alongside us. We'll 316 00:19:21,080 --> 00:19:24,000 Speaker 1: know more when DNA from the skull is analyzed, but 317 00:19:24,160 --> 00:19:28,119 Speaker 1: researchers are proceeding with caution here, as removing tissue to 318 00:19:28,240 --> 00:19:31,040 Speaker 1: use for the DNA task can damage the skull. You 319 00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:33,040 Speaker 1: can be sure I'll tell you more about it once 320 00:19:33,080 --> 00:19:36,600 Speaker 1: we know. This story had me thinking about that illustration 321 00:19:36,680 --> 00:19:38,919 Speaker 1: that I saw in school, and I bet you did too, 322 00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:42,760 Speaker 1: sometimes called the ascent of man. You know, this is 323 00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:45,680 Speaker 1: the line of monkey to ape to neanderthal to chro 324 00:19:45,840 --> 00:19:49,280 Speaker 1: magnant to modern human, where each step in the sequence 325 00:19:49,320 --> 00:19:52,119 Speaker 1: gets a little more upright until what seems like the 326 00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:55,439 Speaker 1: goal of the whole thing, the modern human you and me, 327 00:19:56,080 --> 00:20:00,120 Speaker 1: the end of the line. But this newly discovered Harbon skull, 328 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:03,919 Speaker 1: as well as Denisovan bones, and several other complex discoveries 329 00:20:03,920 --> 00:20:06,359 Speaker 1: over the past twenty years, all show us that the 330 00:20:06,440 --> 00:20:09,399 Speaker 1: linear story we grew up with doesn't make any sense. 331 00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:12,760 Speaker 1: Instead of a straight line, the map of human evolution 332 00:20:12,840 --> 00:20:15,320 Speaker 1: seems to look more like a paint spill running down 333 00:20:15,320 --> 00:20:19,200 Speaker 1: a steep driveway, splitting here, and they're running back together, 334 00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:22,960 Speaker 1: petering out in strange places, and generally looking like a 335 00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:27,679 Speaker 1: really interesting mess. Really, what is strangest about human evolution 336 00:20:28,040 --> 00:20:31,960 Speaker 1: isn't all these different branches. After all, all species have 337 00:20:32,080 --> 00:20:36,399 Speaker 1: various branching pathways. What's strange is that only one kind 338 00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:41,240 Speaker 1: of hominid, Homo sapiens, are still around. Imagine if there 339 00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:45,600 Speaker 1: were only one butterfly species left, or one species of ungulate, 340 00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:49,040 Speaker 1: you wouldn't be thinking about an evolutionary straight line that 341 00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:53,680 Speaker 1: culminated in that one kind of butterfly er deer. You'd 342 00:20:53,680 --> 00:21:00,879 Speaker 1: be wondering what happened to the other ones. That's all 343 00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:03,760 Speaker 1: I've got for you this week. Remember, hunting season is 344 00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:06,840 Speaker 1: right around the corner. You could probably update that old 345 00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:10,199 Speaker 1: pulsa or upland game bird shears, or you may just 346 00:21:10,400 --> 00:21:14,760 Speaker 1: want a brand spanking new, battery operated pulsa that's clean 347 00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:18,000 Speaker 1: and quiet to cut out your shooting lands. If this 348 00:21:18,040 --> 00:21:20,960 Speaker 1: sounds like you, go to steel dealers dot com and 349 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:24,359 Speaker 1: find the friendly steel dealer near you, And, last, but 350 00:21:24,440 --> 00:21:27,480 Speaker 1: not least, please right in to a s k C 351 00:21:27,800 --> 00:21:30,880 Speaker 1: a L that's asked Cal at the meat eater dot 352 00:21:30,920 --> 00:21:33,360 Speaker 1: com and let me know what's going on in your 353 00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:36,080 Speaker 1: neck of the woods. Thanks again and I'll talk to 354 00:21:36,160 --> 00:21:44,560 Speaker 1: you next week.