1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:04,440 Speaker 1: Yeah, welcome to Stuff from the Science Lab from how 2 00:00:04,480 --> 00:00:16,160 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. Hey, guys, welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:16,280 --> 00:00:18,560 Speaker 1: This is Alison Leader Malcot, the science editor at how 4 00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:20,960 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. And this is Robert Lamb, science 5 00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:23,919 Speaker 1: writer at how stuff works dot com. So, as you 6 00:00:23,960 --> 00:00:25,880 Speaker 1: guys know, as you very well know, we are a 7 00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:28,960 Speaker 1: science podcast, and as such, I really did think that 8 00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:31,640 Speaker 1: we had to have a podcast that covered the periodic table, 9 00:00:32,040 --> 00:00:35,000 Speaker 1: one of the awesomest pieces of paper to be put 10 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:37,440 Speaker 1: out there. Yeah. Maybe it covers a whole wall in 11 00:00:37,479 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: your lab or in your room or at your office, 12 00:00:39,800 --> 00:00:43,080 Speaker 1: but it's it's really kind of astounding all the information 13 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:46,000 Speaker 1: that is packed onto this one sheet of paper. Yeah, 14 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:47,600 Speaker 1: it's one of those things that kind of grew to 15 00:00:47,640 --> 00:00:50,519 Speaker 1: appreciate because I was kind of bored by the periodic 16 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:52,040 Speaker 1: table when I was in school. It was kind of 17 00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:54,800 Speaker 1: like one more thing you have to memorize, and well, 18 00:00:54,800 --> 00:00:56,080 Speaker 1: maybe not memorize. I don't know if we had a 19 00:00:56,080 --> 00:00:58,520 Speaker 1: memorize Did you memorize? I don't think it memorized. No, No, 20 00:00:58,600 --> 00:01:00,600 Speaker 1: you had to know because I'm remember one thing that 21 00:01:00,640 --> 00:01:02,240 Speaker 1: would come to mind, like people would be like, dude, 22 00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:05,240 Speaker 1: what have I got a tattoo of the periodic table 23 00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:10,320 Speaker 1: on my forearm. Well, there are periodic table tattoos all 24 00:01:10,400 --> 00:01:12,880 Speaker 1: sorts of merchandise. But but then it's but there was 25 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:14,679 Speaker 1: kind of like this idea that it was like like 26 00:01:15,160 --> 00:01:17,920 Speaker 1: teachers wouldn't be able to like get after you for 27 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:22,480 Speaker 1: cheating if it was tattooed scan out of it as 28 00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:26,839 Speaker 1: a method of cheating. Interesting. Yeah, I mean it really 29 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:30,039 Speaker 1: speaks to our desire to organize the world. I think 30 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:32,720 Speaker 1: it's one of the ultimate feats of organization that scientists 31 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:36,319 Speaker 1: have pulled off. Yeah, it's pretty spectacular. I mean, these 32 00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:39,360 Speaker 1: are the building blocks of the universe. For the most part, 33 00:01:39,400 --> 00:01:41,440 Speaker 1: at least, the building blocks were all matter that we 34 00:01:41,640 --> 00:01:44,160 Speaker 1: regularly encounter. Let's not get into the whole dark matter thing, right, 35 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:48,720 Speaker 1: Well we're not, We're not. That's the whole Yeah. Yeah, so, um, 36 00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:51,080 Speaker 1: what does it happen? It has, Yeah, all the elements 37 00:01:51,120 --> 00:01:54,200 Speaker 1: on it, and so elements of course by themselves are 38 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:57,160 Speaker 1: in combination with a couple other elements make up the 39 00:01:57,200 --> 00:01:59,600 Speaker 1: matter that we see. Yeah, it's good to go back 40 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:02,480 Speaker 1: to the two on the forearm. It's like the whole 41 00:02:02,680 --> 00:02:05,040 Speaker 1: even like even the idea that you could have a 42 00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:10,120 Speaker 1: tattoo that contained um all this data. It is pretty incredible. 43 00:02:10,120 --> 00:02:12,920 Speaker 1: It just tells you how how amazing the periodic table is. 44 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,560 Speaker 1: It's like the the ultimate cheat sheet, you know. It's 45 00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:17,280 Speaker 1: like so much data. You know. It's like you see 46 00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:19,760 Speaker 1: like people who carry like a tip calculator card in 47 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:21,480 Speaker 1: your wallet or something, you know, and it's just cram 48 00:02:21,560 --> 00:02:23,560 Speaker 1: full of numbers, you know, where some other kind of 49 00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:26,920 Speaker 1: little bits of reference cards that people carry around, and 50 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:29,480 Speaker 1: and and you generally have to really abbreviate things big 51 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:31,040 Speaker 1: time to make it right. You have to make it 52 00:02:31,040 --> 00:02:33,080 Speaker 1: really you have to make your scripts very very small. 53 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:35,400 Speaker 1: Did you ever have exams, like in college or in 54 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:37,519 Speaker 1: high school where you were allowed to bring in a 55 00:02:37,600 --> 00:02:40,600 Speaker 1: cheat sheet so you would just make it teeny teeny tiny, 56 00:02:40,639 --> 00:02:42,720 Speaker 1: But then you can't find anything on the cheat sheet 57 00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:44,600 Speaker 1: because it was so tiny, and you're in a panic 58 00:02:44,600 --> 00:02:47,680 Speaker 1: because you're trying to hustle through the test. Yeah, I remember. 59 00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:49,040 Speaker 1: I think I had some classes like that where they 60 00:02:49,040 --> 00:02:50,800 Speaker 1: were like you could fill up like one Q card, 61 00:02:51,320 --> 00:02:53,720 Speaker 1: you know, and but that was all you got, Yeah, 62 00:02:53,720 --> 00:02:56,360 Speaker 1: and then you never wind up referencing them, or maybe 63 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:57,800 Speaker 1: you did. I don't know. If I can't speak for 64 00:02:57,840 --> 00:03:01,760 Speaker 1: you sneeze on them and you can't use them. First 65 00:03:01,760 --> 00:03:04,600 Speaker 1: periodic table was attempted back in the late eighteen hundreds, 66 00:03:04,639 --> 00:03:08,200 Speaker 1: and we have Russian chemist Dmitri mendal aev Um to 67 00:03:08,240 --> 00:03:11,079 Speaker 1: thank for that. He got pretty close in six nine, 68 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:14,440 Speaker 1: and he leave the groundwork for what we have come 69 00:03:14,480 --> 00:03:18,280 Speaker 1: to know and love as the periodic table. Of course, Mendaliev, 70 00:03:18,440 --> 00:03:21,480 Speaker 1: who was a professor of chemistry at St. Petersburg, he 71 00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:23,959 Speaker 1: got a little help from another English chemist, a guy 72 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:27,200 Speaker 1: by the name of Henry Moseley, who decided to use 73 00:03:27,240 --> 00:03:30,680 Speaker 1: atomic number rather than atomic way to organize the elements 74 00:03:30,680 --> 00:03:33,120 Speaker 1: in the table. But we'll get into those two terms 75 00:03:33,160 --> 00:03:35,160 Speaker 1: a little bit um. Some of you guys are definitely 76 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:36,960 Speaker 1: already familiar with them, but we'll talk about them a 77 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:38,760 Speaker 1: little bit more. And some of you may be looking 78 00:03:38,760 --> 00:03:41,080 Speaker 1: at a periodic table right now, which is cool. That 79 00:03:41,240 --> 00:03:43,720 Speaker 1: is cool. It would help. Like, unless you're driving, don't 80 00:03:43,760 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: do not pull up the periodic table. If you're driving, 81 00:03:46,480 --> 00:03:49,480 Speaker 1: I have to say that a million times. Don't do it. Yeah, 82 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:52,080 Speaker 1: we just that's a warning that never gets old. Periodic 83 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:55,640 Speaker 1: table and driving are not don't do it. So nowadays 84 00:03:55,640 --> 00:03:57,720 Speaker 1: we have a periodic table that starts with hydrogen and 85 00:03:57,760 --> 00:04:01,400 Speaker 1: it ends with an element one eighteen or nun octium. 86 00:04:01,600 --> 00:04:05,000 Speaker 1: Those are really fun to say, don't you think that's great? 87 00:04:05,200 --> 00:04:07,080 Speaker 1: That could be a good band name. If you're looking 88 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:09,480 Speaker 1: at a periodic table, you you notice that elements one 89 00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:13,720 Speaker 1: thirteen through get these temporary names. Yeah, and those names 90 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:17,800 Speaker 1: are just Latin for the elements atomic number, So untrium 91 00:04:17,880 --> 00:04:21,719 Speaker 1: for element one thirteen, that's that's just gonna be the 92 00:04:21,760 --> 00:04:25,719 Speaker 1: atomic number until it gets a permanent place in the pantheon, 93 00:04:25,760 --> 00:04:27,600 Speaker 1: that is periodic table. That was a lot of peas 94 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:28,920 Speaker 1: and one sentence. Yeah, it's like if you have a 95 00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:31,479 Speaker 1: literate kittens born, you're just like, it's better to name 96 00:04:31,520 --> 00:04:34,080 Speaker 1: them like numbers one through twelve until you're really sure 97 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:37,680 Speaker 1: sticking around right right. It's kind of this Latin limbo 98 00:04:37,839 --> 00:04:42,240 Speaker 1: on the periodic table until the whole verification process goes through. 99 00:04:43,360 --> 00:04:45,839 Speaker 1: So I gonna ask, what's your favorite element name? And 100 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:49,120 Speaker 1: I'm talking about true or or real elements as supposed 101 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:51,400 Speaker 1: to fictional ones. Well, there are a lot of great ones, 102 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:54,480 Speaker 1: but I think I like scandium. You do. Why do 103 00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:57,440 Speaker 1: you like scandium? What it? There's like a like scandium 104 00:04:57,440 --> 00:05:00,760 Speaker 1: there's a sense of like scamps and like it's fun 105 00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:05,720 Speaker 1: to say scandal, scandal. It sounds kind of sinister, you know. Um, 106 00:05:07,560 --> 00:05:11,680 Speaker 1: I like Seaborg Um, it's it's got a nice ring 107 00:05:11,720 --> 00:05:13,720 Speaker 1: to it. It makes me think of a racehorse. Yeah, 108 00:05:13,839 --> 00:05:18,480 Speaker 1: that one was actually um discovered by professor Ernest Suborg nine. Right, 109 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:23,240 Speaker 1: another mention of Ernest borgnine. No, that was named after 110 00:05:23,279 --> 00:05:25,840 Speaker 1: Glenn Seaborg. And there's a great picture of him in 111 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:28,160 Speaker 1: our article which we're you know, a lot of the 112 00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:30,839 Speaker 1: researches is coming from today. We have how the periodic 113 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:34,120 Speaker 1: table works, and that was written by Craig, Craig Ford 114 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:37,800 Speaker 1: and Rich So thinking Craig. But anyway, back to Glenn Seaborg. 115 00:05:37,920 --> 00:05:40,159 Speaker 1: He's the he's the guy who suggested pulling out the 116 00:05:40,480 --> 00:05:43,560 Speaker 1: lanthanoids and actinoids and placing them below the table to 117 00:05:43,600 --> 00:05:46,680 Speaker 1: make it more compact. So not only does he have 118 00:05:46,880 --> 00:05:49,400 Speaker 1: an element named after him on the table, which is 119 00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:52,440 Speaker 1: no small feat, he's the one who who kind of 120 00:05:52,480 --> 00:05:54,720 Speaker 1: influenced the way you the way it's laid out on 121 00:05:54,760 --> 00:06:00,320 Speaker 1: the page. So it's pretty cool. So the table, the 122 00:06:00,320 --> 00:06:04,000 Speaker 1: the ultimate table, has inspired a lot of fix. Yes, well, 123 00:06:04,040 --> 00:06:06,359 Speaker 1: it's way it's one of your favorites. My my absolute 124 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:10,920 Speaker 1: favorite is the table of Transitional Elements from the British 125 00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:14,080 Speaker 1: um a comedy Look Around You, which was I've mentioned 126 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:18,200 Speaker 1: before on this podcast. It's like a mock documentary about science. 127 00:06:18,440 --> 00:06:20,760 Speaker 1: And I know this was with Leonard Hatred, right, yes, 128 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:23,080 Speaker 1: with Leonard Hatred, isn't it. And actually have a copy 129 00:06:23,120 --> 00:06:26,520 Speaker 1: of this, uh this fake periodic table over my desk, 130 00:06:26,760 --> 00:06:28,880 Speaker 1: and it has things like like music is on there, 131 00:06:29,360 --> 00:06:32,320 Speaker 1: um and nothing is on there with an atomic like 132 00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:34,960 Speaker 1: weight of zero, and just just it's just it's worth 133 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:37,400 Speaker 1: looking up. It's it's available online. It's just got all 134 00:06:37,440 --> 00:06:40,400 Speaker 1: these just that everything is ridiculous. Like France, Uh it's 135 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:44,760 Speaker 1: on their water is on there. That's pretty good. Yeah, 136 00:06:44,760 --> 00:06:47,159 Speaker 1: we get a lot of the periodic tables sent to 137 00:06:47,240 --> 00:06:49,560 Speaker 1: us in the fake nature. I think people think, well, 138 00:06:49,600 --> 00:06:52,440 Speaker 1: you know, those guys will appreciate them. Yeah, it's become 139 00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:54,560 Speaker 1: an internet meme kind of thing, like like what's your 140 00:06:54,560 --> 00:06:58,320 Speaker 1: favorite that you've seen? Um, when I was hungry, it 141 00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:02,200 Speaker 1: was definitely the fake table of cupcakes, remember that the 142 00:07:02,279 --> 00:07:04,400 Speaker 1: Katie of I don't know if I saw that, Steph, 143 00:07:04,440 --> 00:07:06,240 Speaker 1: you missed in history class, Well, don't tell Katie that 144 00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:08,680 Speaker 1: because I think you're emailed on there. There's also one. 145 00:07:08,720 --> 00:07:11,640 Speaker 1: Then I came across it was a periodic table of swearing, 146 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:14,640 Speaker 1: which I don't necessarily advise you to go to because 147 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:18,680 Speaker 1: it's pretty graphic. I saw one and uh one for 148 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:22,040 Speaker 1: the periodic table of metal I believe like heavy metal, 149 00:07:23,360 --> 00:07:26,360 Speaker 1: and this one's really interesting and that is that when 150 00:07:26,400 --> 00:07:28,280 Speaker 1: when I looked it up, it's like there were comments 151 00:07:28,280 --> 00:07:30,800 Speaker 1: at the bottom of the page and everybody was complaining 152 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:35,120 Speaker 1: because everybody's was like everybody's particular favorite metal act was 153 00:07:35,280 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 1: left off or didn't have as much prominence as they 154 00:07:37,480 --> 00:07:39,760 Speaker 1: thought it should have. So people were like, like, dude, 155 00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:42,560 Speaker 1: we're Slayer on this or or how can please tell 156 00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:45,880 Speaker 1: me Metallica was number one? Well, I don't know how. 157 00:07:45,920 --> 00:07:48,280 Speaker 1: I forget how it was that was ranking, Robert, how 158 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:53,000 Speaker 1: can you not bring that critical information? Well? But I 159 00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:54,720 Speaker 1: did notice that Mi Sugar was not on there, and 160 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:56,280 Speaker 1: I was like, they're really good. Why are they not 161 00:07:56,320 --> 00:07:58,200 Speaker 1: on here? But I don't really know metal all that well. 162 00:07:58,360 --> 00:08:00,800 Speaker 1: But but the point being is it if you set 163 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:03,800 Speaker 1: out to make a periodic table of metal, you cannot 164 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:07,240 Speaker 1: include everything. You end up leaving important to some people 165 00:08:07,520 --> 00:08:11,120 Speaker 1: important things off. Are you insinuating that there's stuff left 166 00:08:11,120 --> 00:08:13,720 Speaker 1: off their real periodic table? You know, I'm I'm pointing 167 00:08:13,760 --> 00:08:16,680 Speaker 1: out that the real periodic table is is that awesome 168 00:08:16,720 --> 00:08:19,400 Speaker 1: because it's so inclusive. It's inclusive in ways that a 169 00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 1: periodic table of metal cannot be agreed. Agreed, But I think, 170 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:25,840 Speaker 1: I mean, I do want to talk about this a 171 00:08:25,880 --> 00:08:28,600 Speaker 1: little later. But I'm not sure that everything is on 172 00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:30,520 Speaker 1: the periodic table. I mean, there are mysteries yet to 173 00:08:30,520 --> 00:08:33,520 Speaker 1: be discovered. They're true, it's not complete. There's definitely work 174 00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:36,600 Speaker 1: to be done in particle accelerators in which different elements 175 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:39,520 Speaker 1: are another but no that scientists aren't coming up to 176 00:08:39,640 --> 00:08:42,480 Speaker 1: like the periodic table and like being like, dude, how 177 00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:45,240 Speaker 1: come gold didn't make this list? You know? Agreed, Agreed. 178 00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:47,720 Speaker 1: You know, it's like the really important stuff is there. 179 00:08:47,800 --> 00:08:53,480 Speaker 1: It's just we're sort of, yeah, we're still curious. So 180 00:08:53,640 --> 00:08:56,439 Speaker 1: let's break down the contents of the periodic table. What's 181 00:08:56,520 --> 00:09:00,120 Speaker 1: in a box, one element at a time, and we're 182 00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:02,079 Speaker 1: not going to do all the elements. Let's just take 183 00:09:02,920 --> 00:09:07,360 Speaker 1: a really really really long podcast. Sorry, Jerry um So gold, 184 00:09:07,800 --> 00:09:12,160 Speaker 1: Let's just go for gold, Go for the gold. And 185 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:14,240 Speaker 1: where will we find this if for people playing along 186 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: at home, UM, well, gold is going to be atomic 187 00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:23,520 Speaker 1: number seventy nine, So you may or may not see 188 00:09:23,679 --> 00:09:26,880 Speaker 1: uh the actual element name gold written out, but we 189 00:09:26,920 --> 00:09:30,079 Speaker 1: will see definitely element symbol. You will see the atomic 190 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:33,800 Speaker 1: number seventy nine, which is going to denote the number 191 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:39,080 Speaker 1: of protons that um gold has. And you're also going 192 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:41,920 Speaker 1: to see um gold atomic weight. But let's let me 193 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:44,280 Speaker 1: let me number right. Yeah, but let me back up 194 00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:46,400 Speaker 1: for one second. Um it is worth spending just a 195 00:09:46,440 --> 00:09:49,839 Speaker 1: second on atomic number. So like we said, you see 196 00:09:49,840 --> 00:09:53,319 Speaker 1: the number seventy nine to uh demarcate gold, So to 197 00:09:53,440 --> 00:09:55,600 Speaker 1: seventy online is telling you that gold has seventy one 198 00:09:55,600 --> 00:09:58,320 Speaker 1: protons like I was just saying. And protons you guys 199 00:09:58,360 --> 00:10:01,480 Speaker 1: remember just those particle us with a positive charge in 200 00:10:01,520 --> 00:10:04,600 Speaker 1: its nucleus. So if you have a neutral atom of gold, 201 00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:07,280 Speaker 1: you're also gonna have seventy nine electrons. And you don't 202 00:10:07,320 --> 00:10:09,480 Speaker 1: necessarily have to remember that. The important thing there is 203 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:13,079 Speaker 1: just remember gold seventy nine protons, and those seventy nine 204 00:10:13,080 --> 00:10:16,880 Speaker 1: protons are what gives gold it's spot, it's special spot 205 00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:20,040 Speaker 1: on the periodic table. You're also going to run into 206 00:10:20,080 --> 00:10:22,760 Speaker 1: atomic weight on the periodic table, and it's a little different. 207 00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:25,800 Speaker 1: I mean, if you're to not have heard anything about 208 00:10:25,840 --> 00:10:28,000 Speaker 1: the periodic table before, you might have thinked that you 209 00:10:28,080 --> 00:10:29,640 Speaker 1: might have thought that this is the way that the 210 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:32,560 Speaker 1: table would have been organized by weight, right, like weight 211 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:35,640 Speaker 1: classes and wrestling or boxing, you know, or any kind 212 00:10:35,640 --> 00:10:38,600 Speaker 1: of sport. Right, that makes sense, And and it and 213 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:41,080 Speaker 1: it is somewhat and and this is the mistake that 214 00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:45,240 Speaker 1: the Russian chemist made because he he went and ordered 215 00:10:45,240 --> 00:10:49,000 Speaker 1: the table, yes, thank you, Medelaef, he ordered it by 216 00:10:49,640 --> 00:10:53,120 Speaker 1: by atomic weight instead of atomic number. And that was 217 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:55,480 Speaker 1: not quite the right way to go about it. And 218 00:10:55,520 --> 00:10:58,920 Speaker 1: that's because atomic weight kind of fluctuates a little, right, Well, yeah, 219 00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:01,199 Speaker 1: so you human weight. You guys are going to remember 220 00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:02,679 Speaker 1: that there are a couple of different flavors of an 221 00:11:02,679 --> 00:11:06,719 Speaker 1: element out there, you know, the isotopes. I wonder if 222 00:11:06,760 --> 00:11:10,319 Speaker 1: scientists are cringing right now right now, hearing me called flavors. 223 00:11:10,559 --> 00:11:12,839 Speaker 1: But I hope the science, like I said before, I 224 00:11:12,880 --> 00:11:15,560 Speaker 1: hope the scientists are not tuning in too like, you know, 225 00:11:15,679 --> 00:11:18,320 Speaker 1: refresh on what the periodic table. They should have this down, 226 00:11:18,679 --> 00:11:20,400 Speaker 1: I think they do. They should have a tattooed on 227 00:11:20,440 --> 00:11:24,680 Speaker 1: their forearm. So goldway is almost one and ninety six 228 00:11:24,760 --> 00:11:29,480 Speaker 1: point nine six six five six nine atomic units. Got that? 229 00:11:30,160 --> 00:11:32,959 Speaker 1: Got it? Okay, so seventy two atomic number and a 230 00:11:33,040 --> 00:11:37,520 Speaker 1: hundred points something something something atomic units. And like you 231 00:11:37,600 --> 00:11:40,360 Speaker 1: were just saying, yeah, an element has different isotopes. So 232 00:11:40,600 --> 00:11:44,120 Speaker 1: think about carbon, one of the most plentiful elements on 233 00:11:44,160 --> 00:11:47,719 Speaker 1: the Earth, and that has seven different isotopes. So the 234 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:51,800 Speaker 1: atomic weight really um reflects an atom's average mass as 235 00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: it's found in nature. Okay, got that? Got it? Yeah, 236 00:11:56,360 --> 00:11:58,240 Speaker 1: So if you're in a group of the periodic table, wait, wait, 237 00:11:58,280 --> 00:12:00,240 Speaker 1: you'd wind up with kind of a different table. So, 238 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:02,559 Speaker 1: for example, if you're looking at it now, cobalt and 239 00:12:02,640 --> 00:12:05,120 Speaker 1: nickel would have to be switched because cobalt has a 240 00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:09,640 Speaker 1: greater atomic weight than nickel. That's kind of cool. It 241 00:12:09,760 --> 00:12:12,640 Speaker 1: just throws you off a little bit. Now, scientists can 242 00:12:12,640 --> 00:12:16,840 Speaker 1: be tricky. They can't. Now, Some periodic tables also include 243 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:20,320 Speaker 1: mention of its physical state, right, Yeah, what it's what 244 00:12:20,400 --> 00:12:21,920 Speaker 1: it's like when it's hanging around the Earth at a 245 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:26,840 Speaker 1: normal temperatures, at room temperatures. So what's gold going to be? Solid? Excellent? 246 00:12:26,960 --> 00:12:29,719 Speaker 1: Solid gold? I kind of wanted you to say solid 247 00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:34,200 Speaker 1: Do you remember that show, the Solid Gold's Answers. There's 248 00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:36,800 Speaker 1: a really awesome musical act that goes that the name 249 00:12:36,840 --> 00:12:40,120 Speaker 1: of solid gold. Yeah. Do you know any songs that 250 00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:41,719 Speaker 1: you want to sing right now? I can't sing them, 251 00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:45,199 Speaker 1: but they're good. Yeah. So the interesting thing about physical 252 00:12:45,240 --> 00:12:48,080 Speaker 1: state is that, apart from a couple of elements that 253 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:51,120 Speaker 1: exist as liquids at room, mostly the bulk of the 254 00:12:51,160 --> 00:12:54,479 Speaker 1: elements that we know of hanging out in their solid state. Yeah, 255 00:12:54,600 --> 00:13:01,679 Speaker 1: they're solid, like mercury, right ye, and francium. Francium. That's 256 00:13:01,679 --> 00:13:04,400 Speaker 1: a little bit of the element. Don't you think francy 257 00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:09,559 Speaker 1: francium unless it's a hard see francium, But I would 258 00:13:09,559 --> 00:13:11,440 Speaker 1: think that would be okay, So I'm gonna I'm gonna 259 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:14,439 Speaker 1: go with francium. If any of you guys wanna write 260 00:13:14,480 --> 00:13:17,520 Speaker 1: in and tell us about the etymology of francium, please 261 00:13:17,559 --> 00:13:20,680 Speaker 1: do so. And then there's of course a smaller bunch 262 00:13:20,760 --> 00:13:22,520 Speaker 1: on the periodic table that we're going to hang out 263 00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:27,520 Speaker 1: as gasses. So this was interesting. If you imagine making 264 00:13:27,520 --> 00:13:30,160 Speaker 1: a sort of small rough triangle that's going across the 265 00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:33,000 Speaker 1: top right corner of the periodic table, then you kind 266 00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:34,520 Speaker 1: of have a good idea of where most of the 267 00:13:34,520 --> 00:13:37,839 Speaker 1: gases are located on the table. So there's a group 268 00:13:37,920 --> 00:13:41,080 Speaker 1: that you guys may remember called the noble gasses or 269 00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:45,840 Speaker 1: the inert gasses, and they are the uttermost right hand 270 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:48,400 Speaker 1: column if you're looking at a periodic table. So that's 271 00:13:48,400 --> 00:13:53,840 Speaker 1: what helium, neon are gone, crypton and right on. Yeah, 272 00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:55,560 Speaker 1: but then you have to throw in a couple more 273 00:13:55,640 --> 00:14:01,960 Speaker 1: like hydrogen and nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine and flour in and 274 00:14:01,960 --> 00:14:05,360 Speaker 1: and that covers you for gasses. Okay, what else are 275 00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:08,520 Speaker 1: you gonna tell? If you're looking at the little box 276 00:14:08,600 --> 00:14:12,440 Speaker 1: on a periodic table, Gold's box, we might be able 277 00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:15,840 Speaker 1: to tell its classification. So that's just what family it 278 00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:18,280 Speaker 1: belongs to. Is it a metal? Is it a metal lloyd? 279 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:21,160 Speaker 1: Is it halogen? Is it one of those noble gases 280 00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:23,120 Speaker 1: that we're just talking on. And a lot of these 281 00:14:23,280 --> 00:14:26,120 Speaker 1: periodic tables us like color coding to denote some of 282 00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:28,960 Speaker 1: these things. Yeah, it does vary wildly though, Like I 283 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:33,880 Speaker 1: saw one that was arranged according to the elements discovery. 284 00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:36,960 Speaker 1: I should restate that the elements on the periodic table there, 285 00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:39,840 Speaker 1: their place doesn't change, but the colors do. And depending 286 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:43,000 Speaker 1: upon how delex your periodic table is. Like you, let 287 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,160 Speaker 1: me look at your iPhone, which I was wowed enough 288 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:47,880 Speaker 1: by because I'm such a laggard in technology, and it 289 00:14:47,960 --> 00:14:51,280 Speaker 1: had that really cool iPhone app that was from E M. D. 290 00:14:51,480 --> 00:14:56,440 Speaker 1: I believe D a dog. Yeah yeah, yeah, free free app. 291 00:14:56,760 --> 00:14:58,800 Speaker 1: There are a number of different periodic table apps, and 292 00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:00,720 Speaker 1: then they're really cool because you can just you touch it, 293 00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:03,320 Speaker 1: you know, pop up an element, get all the stats 294 00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:05,040 Speaker 1: on it. Yeah. It gives you a ton of information, 295 00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:07,680 Speaker 1: and so that's cool. So you might learn stuff like 296 00:15:07,720 --> 00:15:11,560 Speaker 1: it's atomic radius, it's melting and boiling points, it's density, 297 00:15:11,600 --> 00:15:17,400 Speaker 1: it's oxidation state, it's mineral hardness, ice tubes and their prevalence, ionization, energy, 298 00:15:17,560 --> 00:15:20,720 Speaker 1: and electron configuration, among other things. So that's what you're 299 00:15:20,720 --> 00:15:23,360 Speaker 1: gonna get with a really premium quality periodic table, a 300 00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:26,360 Speaker 1: whole lot of information. Yeah, so what can you tell 301 00:15:26,360 --> 00:15:30,560 Speaker 1: by looking at the whole table? Okay, So a table 302 00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:34,120 Speaker 1: is going to be organized in rows. It's pretty easy 303 00:15:34,160 --> 00:15:38,120 Speaker 1: to picture, and these rows, confusingly enough, are often called 304 00:15:38,200 --> 00:15:40,680 Speaker 1: periods as well. So I'm gonna I'm just gonna call 305 00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:44,560 Speaker 1: them rows for this for this podcast, just so you 306 00:15:44,560 --> 00:15:47,400 Speaker 1: guys don't have to think about periods too. Um. So 307 00:15:47,440 --> 00:15:49,360 Speaker 1: each role is going to tell you a little something 308 00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:52,600 Speaker 1: about how the electrons of that element behave in their 309 00:15:52,680 --> 00:15:56,160 Speaker 1: energy levels. Their shells are occupied by the electrons that 310 00:15:56,560 --> 00:15:58,120 Speaker 1: you know are kind of buzzing around the nucleus of 311 00:15:58,160 --> 00:16:03,440 Speaker 1: that element. Okay, so if you're looking at hydrogen and helium, 312 00:16:03,680 --> 00:16:06,880 Speaker 1: that's going to tell you that it um these two 313 00:16:06,920 --> 00:16:09,080 Speaker 1: elements to have a first energy level that can only 314 00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:11,880 Speaker 1: hold two electrons max. So that's what that one denotes. 315 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:16,440 Speaker 1: It has that one level for electrons essentially. So let's 316 00:16:16,480 --> 00:16:18,920 Speaker 1: go down one. We're gonna shift to the second row, 317 00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:21,440 Speaker 1: and then you're gonna have two energy levels now, and 318 00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:24,040 Speaker 1: that's where so the first energy level be filled with 319 00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:26,400 Speaker 1: electrons and you're gonna have another one and that begins 320 00:16:26,440 --> 00:16:29,640 Speaker 1: to fill and these there there. I should mention that 321 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:33,520 Speaker 1: these levels also have sub levels called orbitals, but this 322 00:16:33,640 --> 00:16:37,080 Speaker 1: is a podcast and I feel like, yeah, we don't 323 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:39,960 Speaker 1: want to get to depth there, so that's why it's 324 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:44,720 Speaker 1: a table and not a song. So it goes all 325 00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:47,280 Speaker 1: the way up to seven. Um. There are seven different 326 00:16:47,360 --> 00:16:50,520 Speaker 1: energy levels, each with their own sub levels. Except for 327 00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:53,960 Speaker 1: that first row, no known element yet has eight energy 328 00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:56,360 Speaker 1: levels full of electrons. So that's kind of cool. So 329 00:16:56,720 --> 00:17:00,760 Speaker 1: looking at your periodic table, yep, hydrogen us just that 330 00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:05,600 Speaker 1: one energy level and whoa franci Um, again mentioned on 331 00:17:05,640 --> 00:17:09,560 Speaker 1: the podcast, has seven. Wow. See, don't don't rule out 332 00:17:09,560 --> 00:17:12,400 Speaker 1: francium just because you don't like its name. It's gotta 333 00:17:12,480 --> 00:17:14,360 Speaker 1: it's got a lot going on her at least it's 334 00:17:14,359 --> 00:17:16,680 Speaker 1: got a lot of electrons gone on. Francium would be 335 00:17:16,720 --> 00:17:19,159 Speaker 1: a good name for a cat, I think. Okay, so 336 00:17:19,160 --> 00:17:20,760 Speaker 1: we got our rows right. Well, of course we have 337 00:17:20,840 --> 00:17:24,080 Speaker 1: columns because it's a table. So the columns that comprise 338 00:17:24,119 --> 00:17:27,200 Speaker 1: the periodic table are called groups. How many in total? 339 00:17:29,040 --> 00:17:35,720 Speaker 1: Eighteen eighteen? That's okay, that's okay. So groups I are 340 00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:38,360 Speaker 1: just going to indicate, um, these families that we're talking 341 00:17:38,359 --> 00:17:41,720 Speaker 1: about with similar chemical and physical properties, so like again 342 00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:45,679 Speaker 1: the noble gases um. And you can also detect a 343 00:17:45,680 --> 00:17:49,840 Speaker 1: couple of trends when you're looking at the periodic table. Right, 344 00:17:49,840 --> 00:17:52,360 Speaker 1: So now we know about you know, different energy levels. 345 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:54,680 Speaker 1: Just by looking at it, we can tell and now 346 00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:57,879 Speaker 1: we know that what family it's in because again a 347 00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:00,640 Speaker 1: lot of them are metals. In fact, of the elements 348 00:18:00,880 --> 00:18:04,080 Speaker 1: are roughly, the elements on the periodic table are metals. 349 00:18:04,119 --> 00:18:07,719 Speaker 1: At the metal is going on, Yeah, actual metal, not 350 00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:10,840 Speaker 1: not heavy metal, right, we should we should clarify because 351 00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:13,480 Speaker 1: we're talking about that earlier. You can you can detect 352 00:18:13,520 --> 00:18:15,040 Speaker 1: a couple of other things if you want to wow 353 00:18:15,080 --> 00:18:19,200 Speaker 1: your friends with your periodic table knowledge. So, ionization energy, right, 354 00:18:19,760 --> 00:18:23,359 Speaker 1: what is ionization energy? Again, it's really it's pretty straightforward. 355 00:18:23,359 --> 00:18:26,320 Speaker 1: It's just the amount of energy that an element and 356 00:18:26,480 --> 00:18:29,240 Speaker 1: an atom of an element has to exert to strip 357 00:18:29,240 --> 00:18:32,600 Speaker 1: away the first balance electron. And that's that's the the 358 00:18:32,600 --> 00:18:35,439 Speaker 1: outermost electron. That's that's farthest from the nucleus, the one 359 00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:37,359 Speaker 1: that's really right for the picking. If you will write 360 00:18:37,359 --> 00:18:42,680 Speaker 1: the plate of the element, if you will, so, looking 361 00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:45,879 Speaker 1: at your periodic table, the ionization energy tends to decrease 362 00:18:45,960 --> 00:18:48,320 Speaker 1: as you move down a column and increase as you 363 00:18:48,359 --> 00:18:50,720 Speaker 1: move across a row from left to right. So you 364 00:18:50,800 --> 00:18:54,760 Speaker 1: doing that. Yeah, So that's ionization energy in a in 365 00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:59,520 Speaker 1: a bit of a nutshell or an orbital shell. Nice um, 366 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:01,840 Speaker 1: And you can also tell some stuff about electro negativity, 367 00:19:01,880 --> 00:19:03,919 Speaker 1: and electro negativity is going to tell us about how 368 00:19:03,960 --> 00:19:06,840 Speaker 1: good elements are at attracting electrons to them. So electro 369 00:19:06,920 --> 00:19:10,159 Speaker 1: negativity is gonna again decrease as you go down a 370 00:19:10,160 --> 00:19:12,680 Speaker 1: column and increase as you go across a row from 371 00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:16,479 Speaker 1: left to right. Okay, So if you're looking at it now, 372 00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:19,960 Speaker 1: you can tell ionization energy and you can tell electro negativity. 373 00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:22,840 Speaker 1: You can help tell um how good it is that's 374 00:19:22,840 --> 00:19:25,800 Speaker 1: stripping away electrons, and you can tell at how good 375 00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:29,920 Speaker 1: it is at attracting electrons to them. Got it? Got it? Okay, 376 00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:32,560 Speaker 1: So let's talk about nuclear charge. So this is going 377 00:19:32,600 --> 00:19:35,040 Speaker 1: to increase as you get down the table, and that 378 00:19:35,119 --> 00:19:37,520 Speaker 1: kind of makes sense considering that nuclear charge just means 379 00:19:37,560 --> 00:19:40,760 Speaker 1: the attractive force between the positive protons and the nucleus. 380 00:19:41,359 --> 00:19:43,679 Speaker 1: I guess that's redundant, the protons in the nucleus and 381 00:19:43,720 --> 00:19:47,480 Speaker 1: the the negative electrons in the energy shells. So the 382 00:19:47,480 --> 00:19:50,919 Speaker 1: more protons, the greater the nuclear charge. And I know 383 00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:53,439 Speaker 1: you guys are going to remember that what is atomic number. 384 00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:56,680 Speaker 1: Atomic number is just the number of protons you've got 385 00:19:56,720 --> 00:19:59,760 Speaker 1: going on in an element. So hydrogen, is it going 386 00:19:59,800 --> 00:20:03,639 Speaker 1: to of a really great nuclear charge? Probably not, because 387 00:20:03,680 --> 00:20:07,399 Speaker 1: it hasn't a topic number one something that's you know, 388 00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:11,200 Speaker 1: a heavyweight on the periodic table. Going to be a 389 00:20:11,240 --> 00:20:15,240 Speaker 1: little bit better. Where is that passium? It like one 390 00:20:15,240 --> 00:20:19,240 Speaker 1: oh eight would be pretty good winnt Yeah, I think 391 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:23,160 Speaker 1: that's a heavyweight. If we were just talking about this 392 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:25,760 Speaker 1: in the science for s monsters, I think hassium would win. 393 00:20:27,119 --> 00:20:31,840 Speaker 1: And then shielding is just the ability of an element 394 00:20:32,080 --> 00:20:35,280 Speaker 1: and it's inner electrons to shield the outer electrons from 395 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:39,160 Speaker 1: from being stripped away from being stolen. So the more 396 00:20:39,280 --> 00:20:42,040 Speaker 1: energy levels, remember the energy levels increase as you get 397 00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:46,560 Speaker 1: on the table, the more shielding takes. So there's really 398 00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:49,639 Speaker 1: a lot of information here if you like. Some of 399 00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:51,359 Speaker 1: it is pretty obvious, and some of it you kind 400 00:20:51,359 --> 00:20:53,240 Speaker 1: of have to know how to look for. But yeah, 401 00:20:53,280 --> 00:20:57,280 Speaker 1: basically we know a lot about electron behavior and how 402 00:20:57,359 --> 00:21:02,000 Speaker 1: how good elements are taking them, taking electrons, stealing them, 403 00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:05,480 Speaker 1: attracting them. So back to francium for a second. How 404 00:21:05,520 --> 00:21:08,200 Speaker 1: do they choose these names? But it's a pretty complicated 405 00:21:08,359 --> 00:21:11,760 Speaker 1: process and it may take years, and so they're a 406 00:21:11,800 --> 00:21:16,640 Speaker 1: little superstitious about it. Scientists are I don't think they similar. 407 00:21:16,680 --> 00:21:19,080 Speaker 1: I think in a Jewish culture, you you don't talk 408 00:21:19,119 --> 00:21:21,439 Speaker 1: about names before a baby comes. You don't have like 409 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:24,040 Speaker 1: showers and stuff like that. You just you do it. 410 00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:26,199 Speaker 1: All after the fact, and you can't just say, like, 411 00:21:26,520 --> 00:21:29,280 Speaker 1: I found an element, I'm calling it um, like boning 412 00:21:29,359 --> 00:21:31,520 Speaker 1: um or something. You know, you can't just come up 413 00:21:31,520 --> 00:21:34,960 Speaker 1: with something. Yeah, I think that's frowned upon, unless maybe 414 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:38,320 Speaker 1: your Einstein. But Einstein back in the day, I'm not 415 00:21:38,359 --> 00:21:40,400 Speaker 1: so sure he could have gotten an element name officially 416 00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:44,720 Speaker 1: passed your you pack um. So it's reading a pretty 417 00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:47,520 Speaker 1: funny New York Times article on Element one seventeen back 418 00:21:47,520 --> 00:21:50,520 Speaker 1: when the Russians and the Americans produced it in April 419 00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:53,880 Speaker 1: two thousand ton and they're working at a Russian particle 420 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:57,280 Speaker 1: accelerator and and they were pointing out that there's really 421 00:21:57,320 --> 00:22:00,760 Speaker 1: involved process. So one of the quotes that I liked 422 00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:05,000 Speaker 1: um until the New York Times reporter, Well, we've never 423 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:08,359 Speaker 1: discussed names because it's sort of like bad karma, she said. 424 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:11,240 Speaker 1: She it's like talking about a no hitter. During the 425 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:14,680 Speaker 1: no hitter, we've never spoken of it. Allowed. So while 426 00:22:14,760 --> 00:22:17,480 Speaker 1: she was working on producing Element one seventeen, they just 427 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:19,280 Speaker 1: they didn't talk about it. It was like the big 428 00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:22,000 Speaker 1: elephant or element in the room. Oh man, they should 429 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:25,800 Speaker 1: call it the Scottish pladium. I love that because make 430 00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:31,000 Speaker 1: path Yeah. Sorry, And then The other interesting thing that 431 00:22:31,040 --> 00:22:33,400 Speaker 1: comes out of it is, um, how do we make 432 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:36,240 Speaker 1: new elements? Well that, yeah, that's really interesting because you 433 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:41,720 Speaker 1: mentioned particle accelerators yea, and it's like basically you want 434 00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:45,760 Speaker 1: to accelerate these particles and things like the large hidden collider. Um. 435 00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:47,720 Speaker 1: You know, I'm going really fast, and it's kind of 436 00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:50,119 Speaker 1: like you ever watched The Adams Family. Yeah, all right, 437 00:22:50,160 --> 00:22:51,560 Speaker 1: you know how go mass would set up the train 438 00:22:51,600 --> 00:22:54,840 Speaker 1: tracks so that the two trains would run into each other. Well, 439 00:22:54,880 --> 00:22:57,800 Speaker 1: they're doing that, except with particle streams, and the particles 440 00:22:57,920 --> 00:23:01,639 Speaker 1: hit and then you get pieces everywhere, and in the 441 00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:08,800 Speaker 1: wake of those pieces, things come together in uh new combinations, 442 00:23:08,960 --> 00:23:10,920 Speaker 1: but only for a brief amount of brief amount of time. 443 00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:14,760 Speaker 1: It's kind of like when like when couples break up 444 00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:16,600 Speaker 1: and then people are on the rebound and then those 445 00:23:16,680 --> 00:23:20,159 Speaker 1: those the new relationships only last for like a brief second, 446 00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:23,119 Speaker 1: the rebound relationship totally. Yeah, and then you only know 447 00:23:23,160 --> 00:23:25,320 Speaker 1: they existed by looking at the chaos that happened when 448 00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:27,600 Speaker 1: they came apart. It's the same thing if you look 449 00:23:27,640 --> 00:23:31,120 Speaker 1: for the decay products um, the aftermass of of these 450 00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:36,240 Speaker 1: new elements, right right, So um again, I was reading 451 00:23:36,240 --> 00:23:37,800 Speaker 1: this this New Yor Times article and they were talking 452 00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:42,320 Speaker 1: about how kind of simple, well simple simple an idea 453 00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:46,679 Speaker 1: um making un un septium might be. I do you 454 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:48,800 Speaker 1: feel like I'm talking any language, which I guess I am, 455 00:23:48,920 --> 00:23:52,720 Speaker 1: well an old language Latin, when I say that septium 456 00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:55,800 Speaker 1: so element one seventeen. So what are you gonna do. 457 00:23:55,920 --> 00:24:00,159 Speaker 1: You're gonna try smashing calcium with its twenty protons to 458 00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:04,960 Speaker 1: the element name for Berkeley, which I'm gonna go with berkelium. 459 00:24:06,080 --> 00:24:10,560 Speaker 1: And uh, that element has protons, So what's that ninety 460 00:24:10,800 --> 00:24:13,439 Speaker 1: seven plus twenty to create an element with a hundred 461 00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:17,800 Speaker 1: seventeen protons, which is what un septium is. So we 462 00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:21,240 Speaker 1: can make this at home in our own particle definitely, 463 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:24,399 Speaker 1: except for the fact that it's kind of hard to 464 00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:30,640 Speaker 1: create berkellium berke lium, I like berkeleum. Yeah. And then 465 00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:33,040 Speaker 1: the other tricky thing is, right, as you're alluding to before, 466 00:24:33,080 --> 00:24:36,359 Speaker 1: it's only for a second, it's fleeting, so you have 467 00:24:36,440 --> 00:24:40,200 Speaker 1: to be prepared to analyze the BKA products, and scientists 468 00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:41,960 Speaker 1: are more than capable of doing that, I am happy 469 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:45,160 Speaker 1: to report. Yeah. The other interesting thing here is, I mean, 470 00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:46,800 Speaker 1: we are talking about the fleeting nature of some of 471 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:50,320 Speaker 1: these new elements. But there's a theory going on the hunt. 472 00:24:50,320 --> 00:24:52,639 Speaker 1: As we move up in atomic number, we're approaching this 473 00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:56,639 Speaker 1: island of stability in which the heavier elements become more stable. 474 00:24:57,280 --> 00:25:00,000 Speaker 1: So maybe once we reach a critical point, it won't 475 00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:02,800 Speaker 1: be so hard to create these elements anymore. It would 476 00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:04,880 Speaker 1: be interesting And it comes back around like we're talking 477 00:25:04,920 --> 00:25:08,720 Speaker 1: about earlier. Um, it's not a finished table. Yeah, we 478 00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:11,360 Speaker 1: keep discovering new things, and we'll continue to discover new 479 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:15,160 Speaker 1: things and add them to the table. So update regularly 480 00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:18,200 Speaker 1: if you have that fat app right, Yeah, no doubt. 481 00:25:18,800 --> 00:25:21,399 Speaker 1: I feel like we should. We should take a second 482 00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:24,000 Speaker 1: to just admire the glory of the periodic table, even 483 00:25:24,040 --> 00:25:26,520 Speaker 1: if it is an incomplete work. Because it is a complete, 484 00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:31,720 Speaker 1: incomplete work, does that make fun? Sort of yes? Wow. 485 00:25:31,760 --> 00:25:33,800 Speaker 1: So I think the only way to follow that up 486 00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:37,200 Speaker 1: is to chase it down with a little listener mail. 487 00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:41,960 Speaker 1: You have something there? Do? I have one from a 488 00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:45,000 Speaker 1: Jordan who wrote in response to the altruism in the 489 00:25:45,040 --> 00:25:47,480 Speaker 1: Animal Kingdom podcast. We did a little lot of that. Yeah, 490 00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:49,360 Speaker 1: and this is like choir animals nice to each other 491 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:51,840 Speaker 1: kind of things. And we also talked fine. Our humans 492 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:53,600 Speaker 1: every nice to each other, right, And one of the 493 00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:58,040 Speaker 1: things we mentioned was when people donate their organs to 494 00:25:58,200 --> 00:26:01,359 Speaker 1: complete strangers, and as sometimes this has been called like 495 00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:06,119 Speaker 1: the ultimate active altruism um so Jordan in wartening your 496 00:26:06,119 --> 00:26:09,800 Speaker 1: own life to help save somebody else's, Well, I don't 497 00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:11,920 Speaker 1: know that you're shortening your own life if you're giving 498 00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:15,800 Speaker 1: up a kidney giving away in Oregon, but not I'm 499 00:26:15,800 --> 00:26:19,560 Speaker 1: not sure. Sometimes it's framed that way, okay, So he 500 00:26:19,760 --> 00:26:22,400 Speaker 1: he wrote in to eliminate his own experience with giving 501 00:26:22,400 --> 00:26:24,280 Speaker 1: away a kidney to a complete stander. So I really 502 00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:26,600 Speaker 1: wanted to read this to you guys, so he writes, 503 00:26:26,880 --> 00:26:29,400 Speaker 1: I thought I would write in about your altruism podcast, 504 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:31,600 Speaker 1: seeing as I have some experience with one of the topics. 505 00:26:32,320 --> 00:26:34,280 Speaker 1: Last year, I decided to donate one of my kidneys 506 00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:37,639 Speaker 1: to a stranger. The whole altruism topic was very strange 507 00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:40,840 Speaker 1: for me. I suppose there was part of me that 508 00:26:41,080 --> 00:26:42,840 Speaker 1: did it for a pat on the back, although it 509 00:26:42,920 --> 00:26:45,760 Speaker 1: wasn't conscious thought. After going through all the tests at 510 00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:47,480 Speaker 1: the hospital to see if I was if I was 511 00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:49,640 Speaker 1: a good candidate, they called me up in the middle 512 00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:51,920 Speaker 1: of an accelerated summer semester in grad school, so it's 513 00:26:51,920 --> 00:26:55,880 Speaker 1: a smart kidney too, saying that they needed my kidney now. 514 00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:59,000 Speaker 1: It became a logistically difficult prospect at that point, but 515 00:26:59,359 --> 00:27:01,840 Speaker 1: I decided that this was something bigger than my silly grades, 516 00:27:01,880 --> 00:27:04,119 Speaker 1: so I went for it. So Jordan goes on to 517 00:27:04,119 --> 00:27:06,880 Speaker 1: talk a little bit about the surgery um, and then 518 00:27:06,920 --> 00:27:09,399 Speaker 1: he goes I hadn't told any of my family except 519 00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:11,719 Speaker 1: for my wife, that I was doing this. My brother's 520 00:27:11,800 --> 00:27:14,760 Speaker 1: reaction was especially interesting. He refused to believe that I 521 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:17,399 Speaker 1: hadn't done this for money, which is very illegal in 522 00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:20,040 Speaker 1: the United States. By the way, yes, I was actually 523 00:27:20,040 --> 00:27:22,399 Speaker 1: a little offended. He thought it wasn't possible for me 524 00:27:22,480 --> 00:27:25,440 Speaker 1: to do a selfless act. One of my family members 525 00:27:25,440 --> 00:27:27,320 Speaker 1: also mentioned the concern of what if I need a 526 00:27:27,400 --> 00:27:29,960 Speaker 1: kidney in the future. I found that while the majority 527 00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:32,480 Speaker 1: of people think my donation was commendable, others find the 528 00:27:32,520 --> 00:27:36,720 Speaker 1: idea of grotesque. Okay, you're ready for this, he says. 529 00:27:37,040 --> 00:27:39,159 Speaker 1: I did get some media attention, which I hated. It 530 00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:41,520 Speaker 1: was very strange to be put under the microscope and 531 00:27:41,560 --> 00:27:44,480 Speaker 1: have the media break apart such a complicated and emotional 532 00:27:44,480 --> 00:27:47,280 Speaker 1: topic into a sixty second newspiece. I hope and I 533 00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:48,639 Speaker 1: hope that you guys don't think we're doing this. I 534 00:27:48,680 --> 00:27:51,600 Speaker 1: really just wanted to share this liscertain email because I 535 00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:54,520 Speaker 1: didn't think it was an interesting insight into altruism. I 536 00:27:54,520 --> 00:27:57,639 Speaker 1: would never Yeah, I really appreciate his honesty and and 537 00:27:57,800 --> 00:27:59,720 Speaker 1: you know, you know, just sort of talking about how 538 00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:03,359 Speaker 1: it felt and throughout the process. So he mentions a 539 00:28:03,359 --> 00:28:04,840 Speaker 1: little bit mare. He says at this point, I don't 540 00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:07,480 Speaker 1: feel better, worse, or different for having donated. The act 541 00:28:07,520 --> 00:28:10,119 Speaker 1: itself has not changed myself in it. If anything, I 542 00:28:10,160 --> 00:28:13,080 Speaker 1: feel a little embarrassed when the topic is approached interestingly. 543 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:15,520 Speaker 1: I feel more proud of myself for being a donor 544 00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:20,440 Speaker 1: advocate and volunteering, uh, doing some volunteer work. UM donation 545 00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:22,960 Speaker 1: has become an interesting science and math game for me. 546 00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:25,119 Speaker 1: My when kidney given to a stranger who started a 547 00:28:25,160 --> 00:28:28,119 Speaker 1: kidney exchange that allowed seven others to acquire a kidney, 548 00:28:28,280 --> 00:28:30,080 Speaker 1: that's cool. But I think if I can convince one 549 00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:32,160 Speaker 1: person to do the same thing, and I'll feel proud 550 00:28:32,800 --> 00:28:34,640 Speaker 1: a few more non directed donors like me and could 551 00:28:34,640 --> 00:28:38,240 Speaker 1: ship away at our huge waiting list. Is this altruistic? 552 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:41,800 Speaker 1: I have no idea By the way, my grades didn't 553 00:28:41,800 --> 00:28:44,880 Speaker 1: suffer and I got straight a's. That's semester Jordan's. So 554 00:28:44,920 --> 00:28:48,200 Speaker 1: that's so interesting and in a cool story. I mean, 555 00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:52,600 Speaker 1: I think it's very commendable. Yeah. Absolutely so, as always, 556 00:28:52,680 --> 00:28:54,360 Speaker 1: we love to hear from you guys. Thank you Jordan 557 00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:57,600 Speaker 1: very much for writing and sharing, uh, sharing your story 558 00:28:57,600 --> 00:29:01,920 Speaker 1: with us on altruism and and kidneys. Yeah, if you 559 00:29:01,960 --> 00:29:04,880 Speaker 1: want to share anything with us science or kidney related, 560 00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:06,720 Speaker 1: do send us an email on science stuff at how 561 00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:09,400 Speaker 1: stuff first dot com. Yeah, like pretty much anything, you know, 562 00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:12,959 Speaker 1: but we're just sitting here, written and talking about science, 563 00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:15,200 Speaker 1: so we love to hear. We can probably spend a podcast, 564 00:29:15,280 --> 00:29:17,880 Speaker 1: you know, out of it if it's a kind of interesting, kiddit. Yeah, 565 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:19,240 Speaker 1: we have to get to some of the science quotes 566 00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:21,400 Speaker 1: that people have said. Maybe we'll do that. Yeah, some 567 00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:24,040 Speaker 1: really good ones in there. Yeah. And as always, do 568 00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:26,040 Speaker 1: you connect with us on on Facebook we're stuff from 569 00:29:26,040 --> 00:29:30,640 Speaker 1: the Science Lab and on Twitter we are Lab stuff. Yeah. 570 00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:40,120 Speaker 1: So that's it. Thanks for listening, guys. For more on 571 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:42,680 Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff 572 00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:46,239 Speaker 1: works dot com. Want more how stuff works, check out 573 00:29:46,280 --> 00:30:04,560 Speaker 1: our blogs on the house stuff Works dot com home page,