WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: Can Your Grandfather's Diet Shorten Your Life? 0:00:00.680 --> 0:00:03.600 Hi, everyone, Can your grandfather's diet short in your life? 0:00:03.920 --> 0:00:07.039 What does that even mean? Well, it turns out it's possible. 0:00:07.560 --> 0:00:09.639 And I remember when we stumbled upon this topic in 0:00:09.760 --> 0:00:13.760 June of two thousand ten, really really fascinating stuff for me. 0:00:14.360 --> 0:00:17.520 And it turns out it's true. There is actually Well 0:00:17.760 --> 0:00:19.560 how about this. I'm not going to ruin it, just 0:00:19.600 --> 0:00:22.119 give it a listen to everyone, Can your grandfather's diet 0:00:22.160 --> 0:00:28.440 shorten your life? Welcome to Stuff You Should Know from 0:00:28.440 --> 0:00:35.840 house Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 0:00:35.920 --> 0:00:39.040 I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and I'm 0:00:39.120 --> 0:00:41.839 Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and I'm Josh Clark. And that 0:00:41.920 --> 0:00:45.919 makes this stuff you should Know? Right. Yeah, So this 0:00:46.000 --> 0:00:48.440 is our podcast. We've been doing it for a while, 0:00:49.320 --> 0:00:53.640 and um, are you welcoming new listeners? Yeah, here's another one. Okay, 0:00:53.680 --> 0:00:56.360 all right, and actually I'm pretty excited about this one. 0:00:56.400 --> 0:00:57.800 I've been wanting to do this one for a while. 0:00:57.880 --> 0:01:01.800 You've been bugging me. Epigenetics do it. Let's do it. 0:01:01.880 --> 0:01:06.440 The cutting edge of research of human of of our 0:01:06.560 --> 0:01:09.520 understanding of life, not just human, of all life. My 0:01:09.560 --> 0:01:13.320 mind was blown. It's a pretty big deal, real big deal. So, Chuck, 0:01:13.440 --> 0:01:16.720 you've heard of the genetic revolution. Charles Darwin, he had 0:01:16.720 --> 0:01:20.240 a long beard. He loved sea turtles, that kind of thing. 0:01:20.280 --> 0:01:23.680 He used a vacation in the Galapagos, right. He um 0:01:23.920 --> 0:01:26.880 wrote on the origin of the species, and it was 0:01:26.920 --> 0:01:30.000 a pretty groundbreaking book, I would say. So it's basically 0:01:30.040 --> 0:01:33.720 what he came up with was we are driven by 0:01:33.840 --> 0:01:37.920 our genes. Right, we have genetic code and our DNA, 0:01:38.440 --> 0:01:41.880 and that makes us red headed, it makes us timid, 0:01:42.160 --> 0:01:46.520 it makes us courageous, prone to cancer, right exactly, and 0:01:46.800 --> 0:01:50.320 it makes us thick tongued alright sometimes yeah, and we 0:01:50.400 --> 0:01:52.720 are slaves to these genes, right, there's nothing we can 0:01:52.720 --> 0:01:54.360 do to alter and we get him from our parents. 0:01:54.600 --> 0:01:57.800 But you know, if if we find out that over time, 0:01:58.360 --> 0:02:05.040 being thick tongued is um say, advantageous to human survival, 0:02:05.440 --> 0:02:07.680 we're all going to talk like me. But millions of 0:02:07.760 --> 0:02:12.240 years from now, at least hundreds of thousands, it definitely does. 0:02:12.480 --> 0:02:14.960 And I just look for it in the future, Okay, 0:02:14.960 --> 0:02:18.760 when we're all running around with robot bodies. Um, there 0:02:18.880 --> 0:02:22.320 was another guy, and actually Darwin, just to show off, 0:02:22.400 --> 0:02:27.560 once came across a type of orchid, right, the moon orchid, 0:02:27.600 --> 0:02:30.040 I believe it's what it's called. And it had a 0:02:30.120 --> 0:02:35.200 very very deep um I guess pistol pistol or statement. 0:02:35.400 --> 0:02:38.320 I can never keep those things apart. And the nectar 0:02:38.440 --> 0:02:40.359 was down in there. And he looked at that flower 0:02:40.400 --> 0:02:42.919 and said, you know what, there is an organism out there, 0:02:42.960 --> 0:02:47.360 probably a flying organism that it has a probosist that 0:02:47.400 --> 0:02:52.960 fits perfectly into that flower. It was a um hawk moth. 0:02:53.720 --> 0:02:55.840 And sure enough a few a few years later, at 0:02:55.919 --> 0:02:58.120 some point in time later, they discovered the hawk moth 0:02:58.160 --> 0:03:01.040 and it was pretty much literal really made to fit. Right. 0:03:01.440 --> 0:03:04.720 So there's another guy named Jean Baptiste Lamark, who I 0:03:04.760 --> 0:03:07.120 know you've heard of as well, right, all and all 0:03:07.160 --> 0:03:09.680 his lamarky and stuff. Right, he was he was about 0:03:10.280 --> 0:03:12.640 sixty to eighty. He was working about sixty or so 0:03:12.760 --> 0:03:16.560 years before Darwin. He had his own ideas based on giraffes. Right. Yes, 0:03:16.639 --> 0:03:20.160 he said that giraffe's next grew to reach the food, 0:03:20.240 --> 0:03:22.920 but it was just over the course of a few generations, right, right, 0:03:23.120 --> 0:03:26.959 And that's kind of flies in the face of Darwin. Yeah, sure, 0:03:27.000 --> 0:03:30.119 who said it takes hundreds of thousands of years with 0:03:30.200 --> 0:03:33.160 this stuff called epigenetics that we're about to talk about today. 0:03:33.360 --> 0:03:36.040 Suddenly people are starting to go back and look at Lamark, 0:03:36.520 --> 0:03:40.400 who was kind of dismissed as a quack. Yeah, um, 0:03:40.760 --> 0:03:43.000 and say, you know what, Lamark may have been right 0:03:43.080 --> 0:03:45.760 in this one. Yeah, prepare for your minds to be melted. 0:03:45.920 --> 0:03:48.440 Let's all I have to say. Let's talk about epigenetics, 0:03:48.520 --> 0:03:56.680 Chuck and go. Josh's first talk about the genome. I 0:03:56.720 --> 0:03:59.360 heard a computer reference analogy that I thought was was 0:03:59.400 --> 0:04:03.120 pretty spot on. If you think of the genome as 0:04:03.280 --> 0:04:07.040 computer hardware, then the epigenome would be the software that 0:04:07.080 --> 0:04:09.760 tells the computer what to do and when to do it. 0:04:10.160 --> 0:04:13.080 But in this case, the epigenome tells your cells what 0:04:13.160 --> 0:04:15.680 to do, what kind of cells to be, when to 0:04:15.800 --> 0:04:21.039 activate or deactivate. So, like I guess every cell or yeah, 0:04:21.120 --> 0:04:23.919 the d n A in every cell in the human 0:04:23.960 --> 0:04:27.240 body has the exact same DNA. Yes, you have like 0:04:27.279 --> 0:04:28.960 half of your mother's and half of your father's and 0:04:29.040 --> 0:04:32.000 it comes together and gives you your d n A. Right. Um. 0:04:32.040 --> 0:04:34.359 And if you look at the DNA and every cell 0:04:34.480 --> 0:04:38.000 from a uh, the kind of cell that makes up 0:04:38.040 --> 0:04:40.000 your fingernail, what would that be a carat in a 0:04:40.120 --> 0:04:46.160 site okay, to a sperm cell, right, very very specialized 0:04:46.200 --> 0:04:48.440 type of cell. They all have the same d n A. 0:04:48.800 --> 0:04:51.080 They have the same genes in there um. But what 0:04:51.240 --> 0:04:54.320 makes them different and what makes a carat and a 0:04:54.400 --> 0:04:59.520 site and a sperm cell those things are the the 0:04:59.560 --> 0:05:02.880 tag on those genes. So some are turned off, some 0:05:03.040 --> 0:05:05.760 are turned on, and in a specific combination, you have 0:05:05.880 --> 0:05:10.120 either a kratinosite or sperm cell, or a neuron or 0:05:11.240 --> 0:05:15.080 a cell that makes up your eyeball, all of that stuff. Yeah, 0:05:15.120 --> 0:05:18.320 So it's essentially it's a chemical tag that literally changes 0:05:18.360 --> 0:05:22.679 the physical structure of your genome. So it'll bind tightly, 0:05:22.839 --> 0:05:26.640 let's say, to an inactive UH gene make it unreadable, 0:05:26.680 --> 0:05:29.359 or it'll stretch out an active gene and make it 0:05:29.360 --> 0:05:34.320 really accessible, physically changing it. And epigenetics means above the 0:05:34.400 --> 0:05:38.680 genome because these tags, these they're called methyl tags, which 0:05:38.720 --> 0:05:44.400 is what one hydrogen and two carbon carbon and hydrogen bundles. Yeah, okay, 0:05:44.520 --> 0:05:49.239 so it's a group. It's a really simple um compound um. 0:05:49.279 --> 0:05:52.560 But they they they attached to the gene and a 0:05:52.600 --> 0:05:56.479 place where other proteins or enzymes normally would attach to 0:05:56.520 --> 0:05:58.960 activate it. So basically what they do is block a 0:05:59.080 --> 0:06:01.920 gene from being active beaded, and they can silence them. Yeah. 0:06:01.920 --> 0:06:03.800 So it's like a light switch. Literally you can turn 0:06:03.839 --> 0:06:08.240 off sun jeans and turn off others. Um. And the uh, 0:06:08.360 --> 0:06:12.440 the honey bee actually is is a pretty good demonstration 0:06:12.440 --> 0:06:15.200 of this. Did you read about honey bees? Okay, so 0:06:15.279 --> 0:06:17.720 you've got a worker bee, right, which is a sterile, 0:06:17.800 --> 0:06:20.640 kind of mindless dumb bee that just does what it's 0:06:20.640 --> 0:06:25.159 supposed to do, no offense agreed. Hey, I'm all down 0:06:25.200 --> 0:06:29.920 with may Day all right? Uh? And uh with um 0:06:29.960 --> 0:06:33.200 a queen bee, you have this, Uh, First of all, 0:06:33.360 --> 0:06:36.679 she can reproduce, she goes and kills other rival queens, 0:06:37.080 --> 0:06:39.640 she does um kind of all sorts of other stuff 0:06:39.680 --> 0:06:43.159 that a worker bee isn't capable of doing. Um. And 0:06:43.320 --> 0:06:46.559 what they found was a queen bee. Queen bee larva 0:06:46.600 --> 0:06:49.599 are raised in this royal jelly, right, which worker bees 0:06:49.640 --> 0:06:53.000 secrete from their their heads. It's a nutrient rich jelly, 0:06:53.160 --> 0:06:55.240 so the larva grows in it. And what they found, Yeah, 0:06:55.720 --> 0:06:58.080 it sounds kind of good, doesn't it, just because of 0:06:58.080 --> 0:07:02.479 the jelly part. What they found was that um, the 0:07:02.600 --> 0:07:07.120 royal jelly has it adds a methyl tag to the 0:07:07.240 --> 0:07:11.880 queen bee Larva's d n m T three gene. And 0:07:11.920 --> 0:07:15.280 this gene is like literally the on off switch. If 0:07:15.280 --> 0:07:18.080 this gene is on, it goes to the default worker. 0:07:18.120 --> 0:07:22.160 Be right right. If it's off, then all the genes 0:07:22.280 --> 0:07:25.200 that that make a queen be a queen bee are 0:07:25.280 --> 0:07:29.520 able to be turned on. Crazy, isn't it so? Epigenetics 0:07:29.520 --> 0:07:33.960 happens in bees as well? And mice. Yes, the they've 0:07:33.960 --> 0:07:35.800 done a lot of studies with mice. Obviously in the 0:07:35.840 --> 0:07:38.840 a goody gene in these mice, and they would they 0:07:38.880 --> 0:07:43.480 experiment with um with these mice affecting basically turning on 0:07:43.560 --> 0:07:50.560 and off the epigenetic switch. So an unmethylated gene would 0:07:51.520 --> 0:07:55.440 affect the mouse's size and weight and then and then 0:07:55.480 --> 0:07:59.080 coat color. It makes them real fat and like yellow, yeah, 0:07:59.080 --> 0:08:01.240 instead of skinning and brown. Have you seen one of 0:08:01.240 --> 0:08:05.200 these things? Yeah, they're huge. They should all be named Wilburg. 0:08:06.120 --> 0:08:08.120 The cool thing is though they showed the difference between 0:08:08.160 --> 0:08:10.280 the skinny brown one and the fat yellow one. But 0:08:10.360 --> 0:08:13.320 then they also did experiments where they did half and half, 0:08:13.720 --> 0:08:15.480 like turned on half of them and turned off half 0:08:15.520 --> 0:08:17.760 of them. And they literally showed him in a sequence. 0:08:17.760 --> 0:08:19.600 I don't know if you saw this picture, but they 0:08:19.640 --> 0:08:22.640 went from fat yellow to skinny brown, and in between 0:08:22.680 --> 0:08:25.840 they got thinner and with spotted coats along the way, 0:08:26.040 --> 0:08:30.480 crazy like yellow and brown spotted coat. Yeah. It's that specific. Yeah. 0:08:30.560 --> 0:08:33.240 And the one of the ways that they have found 0:08:33.240 --> 0:08:36.200 that they can manipulate these what is it a goody Yeah, 0:08:36.240 --> 0:08:39.120 the goody gene and these mice that I guess our 0:08:39.160 --> 0:08:44.480 bread specifically for this gene to be easily observed or something, Yeah, 0:08:44.559 --> 0:08:49.520 manipulated to UM is through diet. Right, So they've actually 0:08:49.559 --> 0:08:54.000 taken a goody jeen mice mothers who are pregnant fed 0:08:54.080 --> 0:08:57.280 him a bunch of UM B vitamins in their diet. Yeah, 0:08:57.280 --> 0:09:00.280 and soy right, yeah, soy is a really easy easy 0:09:00.320 --> 0:09:03.520 grab for B vitamins, U belief, right, UM fed these 0:09:03.600 --> 0:09:08.679 these pregnant, big fat yellow, ugly mice B vitamins and 0:09:08.720 --> 0:09:15.239 their kids came out that that healthy, skinny brown right. Um. 0:09:15.360 --> 0:09:18.240 They had identical moms with the same like a goody gan, 0:09:18.320 --> 0:09:20.920 same upbringing, same everything, just fed them in the normal 0:09:20.960 --> 0:09:23.120 mouse diet without vitamin B and they had the big 0:09:23.120 --> 0:09:28.000 fat yellow kids. So diet is a really big factor 0:09:28.280 --> 0:09:47.679 in epigenetic changes. What Chuck and I are talking about 0:09:47.760 --> 0:09:54.160 right now is that science has found evidence that you 0:09:54.240 --> 0:10:00.080 can change the genetics of your children by eating be 0:10:00.200 --> 0:10:05.520 vitamins or by being abused when you're pregnant. Well, see, 0:10:05.520 --> 0:10:08.320 that's what gets me. Some of the diet like makes 0:10:08.320 --> 0:10:10.079 a little bit of sense, But the fact that an 0:10:10.160 --> 0:10:13.600 environmental stimulus placed on your mom or even your grandparents 0:10:14.000 --> 0:10:17.400 can affect your children or grandchildren something you didn't even 0:10:17.400 --> 0:10:21.160 experience at all, it's kind of unfair. And actually, I 0:10:21.160 --> 0:10:23.360 have to tell you, the more I study this, the 0:10:23.520 --> 0:10:27.160 more worried I am for my own child or children. Like. Really, 0:10:27.800 --> 0:10:31.160 what they're finding is the decisions that you make, especially 0:10:31.160 --> 0:10:35.160 at a youngish age, are going to affect several generations 0:10:35.160 --> 0:10:38.319 because these what you're doing is adding metal tags. What 0:10:38.480 --> 0:10:41.480 we're talking about is pretty much the definitive answer to 0:10:41.520 --> 0:10:44.840 the nature and nurture debate. And what we're finding is 0:10:44.920 --> 0:10:48.640 both you have nature, which is your genes and they're 0:10:48.760 --> 0:10:52.760 very much active, but you have nurture, which is the environment. 0:10:52.800 --> 0:10:56.760 Whether it's diet, whether it's stress, um, whether it's lack 0:10:56.800 --> 0:11:01.120 of exercise. Your body responds to these changes by saying, okay, 0:11:01.160 --> 0:11:03.000 all right, Well, then we need to if you're gonna 0:11:03.040 --> 0:11:05.240 lay around and be fat, then we have to we 0:11:05.280 --> 0:11:08.000 have to deactivate this Chaine, we will punish your grandkids, 0:11:08.240 --> 0:11:11.000 and your grandkids who are trying to be normal are 0:11:11.000 --> 0:11:13.600 going to be fat little kids that live you know, 0:11:13.800 --> 0:11:17.200 shortened lives. And this is where it came from, right, Chuck, 0:11:17.360 --> 0:11:21.200 Wasn't there there was a study in Sweden that kind 0:11:21.200 --> 0:11:25.080 of broke this ground. Yeah, didn't they find that? Um, 0:11:25.120 --> 0:11:28.040 it was a very isolated group of people in Sweden 0:11:28.400 --> 0:11:30.680 and at the time they were very isolated at least 0:11:30.679 --> 0:11:33.280 where they couldn't get help from the outside world, very 0:11:33.480 --> 0:11:36.800 very readily. And I think they studied the famine in 0:11:36.880 --> 0:11:41.920 that right, Well, they the famine affected the generations afterwards. Well, 0:11:41.920 --> 0:11:43.880 they had like feast or famine. It was like an 0:11:43.920 --> 0:11:47.840 agricultural town. And they looked at these agricultural records that 0:11:47.960 --> 0:11:51.480 this town kept for some reason, like really detailed records 0:11:51.880 --> 0:11:56.080 for throughout the nineteenth century, and some years there was 0:11:56.160 --> 0:11:59.120 nothing and people starved death. The next year there was everything. 0:11:59.559 --> 0:12:05.640 And they found that the grand parents, the grand fathers, 0:12:06.440 --> 0:12:13.079 um who feasted and starved within a year of one another. Um, 0:12:13.120 --> 0:12:18.840 they're grandkids lived in average of thirty two years shorter 0:12:19.400 --> 0:12:22.920 or less. Then it's the same the grandkids of the 0:12:22.960 --> 0:12:26.200 same people who didn't have that kind of feast or 0:12:26.200 --> 0:12:29.880 famine experience in the same town right around, with the 0:12:29.920 --> 0:12:36.400 same socio economic conditions. So yeah, that's three generations right there, right. Yeah. 0:12:36.559 --> 0:12:40.920 Did you hear about the Angelman syndrome and the Prodavadi syndrome? No, 0:12:41.040 --> 0:12:45.120 totally they I saw that. Actually, it was a PBS documentary. 0:12:45.160 --> 0:12:48.800 The it's called The Ghost in Your Jeans. Did you 0:12:48.840 --> 0:12:53.120 watch that, dude? It's on YouTube. It's in five, I 0:12:53.160 --> 0:12:55.679 think five or six sections of ten minutes apiece. It's 0:12:55.679 --> 0:12:59.360 a full show. Mind blowing. Uh. They found that there's 0:12:59.360 --> 0:13:01.760 there's these two day print syndromes and I won't get 0:13:01.800 --> 0:13:04.680 too deep into what they are, but Angelman syndrome and 0:13:05.040 --> 0:13:08.200 uh Proda Villi syndrome is what it's called. And they 0:13:08.240 --> 0:13:14.520 found the sons Italian prodovity. Sorry I dropped the ball there. Uh. Basically, 0:13:14.559 --> 0:13:16.319 what causes each of these is a missing piece of 0:13:16.400 --> 0:13:19.600 DNA and it can cause two different disease. Where they 0:13:19.640 --> 0:13:22.360 found it and cause to these two different diseases, they're 0:13:22.400 --> 0:13:26.800 completely unrelated depending on which parent it came from which 0:13:26.840 --> 0:13:32.360 missing uh, part of the gene it came from. So basically, uh, 0:13:32.520 --> 0:13:35.200 it's as if the gene knew where it was coming from. 0:13:35.520 --> 0:13:38.199 Like gene imprinting, the gene had a memory that, Oh, 0:13:38.320 --> 0:13:41.160 it came from the father, so you're gonna have Angelman syndrome, 0:13:41.440 --> 0:13:42.719 or it came from the mother, so you're gonna have 0:13:42.760 --> 0:13:46.000 prida evilly. Right, And this is a relatively recent discovery. 0:13:46.080 --> 0:13:48.920 We were talking about them looking at agricultural records of 0:13:48.960 --> 0:13:52.320 the u nineteenth century in Sweden. That was a doctor 0:13:52.440 --> 0:13:56.520 named h Dr Lars olov Bygren, but he was working 0:13:56.559 --> 0:14:00.079 in the mid eighties and he didn't really start to 0:14:00.160 --> 0:14:03.720 lay the foundation of epigenetic research until the mid to 0:14:03.800 --> 0:14:06.640 late nineties. So this is a very new field. But 0:14:06.880 --> 0:14:10.000 what they're finding, and what Chuck was just saying, is 0:14:10.080 --> 0:14:17.160 that your parents can pass on these epigenetic changes that 0:14:17.240 --> 0:14:21.080 happen within themselves, right, Um, and your grandparents can too. 0:14:21.560 --> 0:14:24.120 But this isn't supposed to happen. What happens when an 0:14:24.120 --> 0:14:27.640 egg and a sperm meat, right, and it's like, hey, 0:14:27.680 --> 0:14:30.320 here's half, here's my DNA, here's my DNA, and then 0:14:30.360 --> 0:14:34.360 they get together. Um, there is actually a process where 0:14:34.400 --> 0:14:37.600 these specialized cells go through and basically clean the d 0:14:37.800 --> 0:14:41.200 n A of methyl tags. But they found that not 0:14:41.280 --> 0:14:45.760 all methyl tags get cleaned off, so diet can affect 0:14:46.200 --> 0:14:49.360 certain genes. These methyl tags can be passed down UM 0:14:49.480 --> 0:14:52.960 and and with abuse as well. H Have you heard 0:14:52.960 --> 0:14:57.640 about PTSD? Yeah, we passed down. They covered that in 0:14:57.680 --> 0:15:00.560 the in that special as well. They did tests with 0:15:01.440 --> 0:15:04.120 pregnant women who were in New York at the time 0:15:04.160 --> 0:15:06.360 of nine eleven. Did you hear about this one? Yeah, 0:15:06.440 --> 0:15:09.680 that's really recent study, right, Yeah, And they basically found 0:15:09.720 --> 0:15:13.480 that pregnant women the experience that were pregnant at the 0:15:13.480 --> 0:15:17.400 time the Towers came down and experienced post traumatic stress disorder. 0:15:17.880 --> 0:15:20.880 They found that their babies had lower levels of cortisol 0:15:22.040 --> 0:15:25.680 just like their moms did, which helps you deal with stress, 0:15:25.800 --> 0:15:28.520 helps you how you deal with stress. So these little 0:15:28.520 --> 0:15:33.000 babies inherited, basically inherited post traumatic stress disorder from their 0:15:33.000 --> 0:15:36.680 mothers in the womb in utero and um. Cortisol it's 0:15:36.680 --> 0:15:39.560 a hormone and it would be produced by a gene 0:15:39.640 --> 0:15:41.880 or expressed by a gene, and how much or how 0:15:42.000 --> 0:15:45.680 little is express depends on whether that gene is silenced 0:15:45.880 --> 0:15:49.840 whether it's altered, and that alteration comes from methyal tags 0:15:50.040 --> 0:15:54.880 which can be passed down, So PTSD can be passed down, right, Yeah, 0:15:54.960 --> 0:15:57.600 and they're what they're speculating now that and this is 0:15:57.720 --> 0:16:00.640 obviously speculation because these kids are still young, but they're 0:16:00.960 --> 0:16:03.440 speculating that it's gonna happen to their kids as well, 0:16:03.520 --> 0:16:06.720 and that's gonna be the real like gold nugget right 0:16:07.000 --> 0:16:11.280 there there. They do go away eventually, they think mental tags, well, 0:16:11.320 --> 0:16:13.640 they have in like fruit flies. With fruit flies, it's 0:16:13.680 --> 0:16:17.080 like four generations, but fruit flies have a generation every 0:16:17.120 --> 0:16:20.120 like five minutes and now um, and then I think 0:16:20.160 --> 0:16:24.760 with mice it's like forty generations or something like that. Um. 0:16:24.840 --> 0:16:27.800 And with humans, they expect it to be somewhere around 0:16:27.920 --> 0:16:32.960 three maybe a few more. And then yeah, because what's 0:16:32.960 --> 0:16:36.840 happening is our bodies are responding to environmental cues to change. 0:16:37.120 --> 0:16:40.760 And then after those environmental cues go away, the body's like, okay, 0:16:40.800 --> 0:16:42.640 well we can go back to normal now and get 0:16:42.720 --> 0:16:46.400 rid of this methyl tag. So we've got nutrition. Right. 0:16:46.680 --> 0:16:49.040 You are what you're You are what you eat, You 0:16:49.080 --> 0:16:51.400 are what your parents eight, you are what your grandparents eight? 0:16:51.760 --> 0:16:55.240 Uh and then there's um things like stress. Yeah, which 0:16:55.440 --> 0:16:58.640 parenting right, And Yeah, I think they found with mice 0:16:58.800 --> 0:17:03.720 mice mother's it didn't nurture their kids, um or nurse 0:17:03.840 --> 0:17:09.520 their kids, uh, raise kids, produced kids that were kind 0:17:09.520 --> 0:17:12.960 of jumpy and um, I guess had the mice version 0:17:12.960 --> 0:17:16.680 of PTSD. And they theorized that the the body had 0:17:16.880 --> 0:17:21.200 undergone an epigenetic change to prepare these mice for stressful 0:17:21.280 --> 0:17:23.639 life where they need to be on guard. You know which, 0:17:23.760 --> 0:17:26.040 if you think about it, chuck a blog post about this, 0:17:26.880 --> 0:17:30.720 it's possible. What we call PTSD is an epigenetic change 0:17:30.760 --> 0:17:34.200 that says you live in an environment where you can't 0:17:34.280 --> 0:17:37.040 just you can't relax, so we're gonna make you jumpy, 0:17:37.119 --> 0:17:39.800 you're gonna be edgy, and you're going to have flashbacks 0:17:39.800 --> 0:17:42.960 so that you're always you know, on point. And it's 0:17:43.080 --> 0:17:47.880 the result of an epigenetic change from a stressful event. Yeah, 0:17:48.320 --> 0:17:50.520 and the same Yeah, I think you mentioned abuse earlier. 0:17:50.840 --> 0:17:53.920 They found that one out of every five suicide victims 0:17:54.400 --> 0:17:57.080 was a victim of child abuse as well. So they're 0:17:57.119 --> 0:17:59.040 still kind of theorizing now, but they think there's a 0:17:59.040 --> 0:18:03.040 positive correlation are between like you said, stressful upbringing in 0:18:03.119 --> 0:18:07.040 an epigenetic change. So what else? Uh, well do you 0:18:07.040 --> 0:18:08.639 I mean? And we're gonna talk about the good What 0:18:08.680 --> 0:18:11.400 could be good about this? Potentially, yes, because it could 0:18:11.400 --> 0:18:15.120 be really good. We're talking about and it's still early going. 0:18:15.200 --> 0:18:20.600 We're talking about potentially curing things like Alzheimer's cancer, um, 0:18:20.760 --> 0:18:27.920 mental disorders, uh, multiple sclerosis, you name its, thick tonguedness, 0:18:28.640 --> 0:18:32.080 potentially being able to cure this because you can't. They 0:18:32.080 --> 0:18:36.760 found that it's really hard to fix like a cancer cell. 0:18:37.840 --> 0:18:40.720 And so what the doctors are thinking now is it's 0:18:40.760 --> 0:18:43.879 really hard to fix a cancer cell, but it's a 0:18:43.920 --> 0:18:47.720 whole lot easier to turn these epigenetic switches on and off, 0:18:48.080 --> 0:18:51.080 which may in turn help defeat cancer. Like you want 0:18:51.119 --> 0:18:54.960 to get a tumor suppressing gene going yeah, and then 0:18:55.000 --> 0:18:58.600 but you want to get a cellular growth gene turned 0:18:58.640 --> 0:19:00.679 down a little bit right like that, and that you 0:19:00.800 --> 0:19:03.199 just cured cancer. Yeah. This This one doctor put it 0:19:03.280 --> 0:19:05.840 like this. He said that, Um, it's almost like a 0:19:05.880 --> 0:19:09.640 diplomacy instead of a war, Like you'll go tell the cell, hey, 0:19:09.760 --> 0:19:12.119 you're a good human cell. You don't need to behave 0:19:12.200 --> 0:19:15.080 this way. You should not be behaving this way. Yes, 0:19:15.440 --> 0:19:19.560 it's called as a citadine. It's good to me as 0:19:19.600 --> 0:19:24.800 a citadine. It was originally marketed for UM something else entirely, 0:19:24.920 --> 0:19:28.000 probably Alzheimer's. Everything was uh, and then they come up 0:19:28.040 --> 0:19:31.760 with they figure out that it's actually UM turning down 0:19:32.320 --> 0:19:37.080 these growth cells are these growth genes, and they say, hey, 0:19:37.119 --> 0:19:40.240 how about we use this for leukemia? Right boom being 0:19:40.320 --> 0:19:42.199 there you go. Yeah, people all of a sudden in 0:19:42.240 --> 0:19:46.760 remission where they hadn't been before. So it's pretty pretty startling. Yeah, 0:19:47.560 --> 0:19:50.960 it's still in the early stages though, right. Uh. The 0:19:51.000 --> 0:19:55.040 other thing too is you can you can. It's it's 0:19:55.040 --> 0:19:58.560 easier to fix the epigenome. That's the good news. As 0:19:58.600 --> 0:20:01.440 we move forward, it's also a lot easier to mess 0:20:01.520 --> 0:20:07.480 up your own epigenome diet and smoking and things like that. Yeah, 0:20:07.560 --> 0:20:11.320 there was a the guy who was studying Sweden hooked 0:20:11.400 --> 0:20:14.760 up with a guy who proposed, uh, the entire field 0:20:14.760 --> 0:20:18.919 of epigenetics in and then they got together with another 0:20:19.359 --> 0:20:25.240 researcher who was running that. You remember the framing Framinghamton Farmington. 0:20:25.720 --> 0:20:28.960 Is it farming him, farming him, framing him, framing him 0:20:29.000 --> 0:20:32.440 that the Massachusetts study, the Heart study Umber forty years 0:20:32.440 --> 0:20:35.560 long or something, right, remember Great Britain's version of It's 0:20:35.600 --> 0:20:40.200 like the Avon Longitudinal study. Okay, so this guy had 0:20:40.240 --> 0:20:43.840 a friend who had access to these these files, and 0:20:43.840 --> 0:20:47.960 what they found was that one and sixty six fathers 0:20:47.960 --> 0:20:52.400 in this study had started smoking around age eleven. Uh. 0:20:52.440 --> 0:20:54.800 And so they started looking at these these guys and 0:20:54.840 --> 0:20:58.720 found that their kids were shorter and fatter and just 0:20:58.840 --> 0:21:02.240 generally unhealthy or than other kids, even controlling for other 0:21:02.280 --> 0:21:05.480 factors as well. So smoking is a problem. Drugs are 0:21:05.520 --> 0:21:09.600 a problem. Cocaine addicted mice past memory problems onto three 0:21:09.600 --> 0:21:13.760 generations of their offspring. Yeah, it said that cocaine, especially 0:21:13.880 --> 0:21:18.359 tripp triggers epigenetic changes that affect like hundreds of genes 0:21:18.400 --> 0:21:21.719 at the same time, which because memories just such a 0:21:21.720 --> 0:21:27.720 complex process. So don't do cocaine, no, and don't smoke. 0:21:28.200 --> 0:21:30.440 It's just a bad idea, especially at a young age. 0:21:31.920 --> 0:21:36.600 And Chuck, there's a project underway, you remember, the Human 0:21:36.640 --> 0:21:39.760 Genome project, completed in March of two thousand, which is 0:21:39.800 --> 0:21:42.600 now that they're kind of like exactly. There was a 0:21:42.680 --> 0:21:46.040 did you read this time article at the end of 0:21:46.040 --> 0:21:49.240 it that the author is talking about the epigenome project. 0:21:49.440 --> 0:21:51.680 That's the big daddy, right, And he was saying that 0:21:51.720 --> 0:21:54.760 the Human Epigenome Project is going to make the Human 0:21:54.800 --> 0:21:58.800 Genome Project look like the homework that sixteenth century school 0:21:58.880 --> 0:22:03.119 kids did on their advocate this. Think about this. What 0:22:03.240 --> 0:22:06.680 they found in the Human Genome Project is twenty seven 0:22:06.720 --> 0:22:13.080 thousand genes that are mapped. Right, Um, just just fiddling 0:22:13.080 --> 0:22:17.240 with these combinations increases the map that needs to be 0:22:17.280 --> 0:22:21.359 created exponentially, right, Like Domino's Pizza has twenty seven ingredients 0:22:21.800 --> 0:22:25.560 they produces they do. I went counting, the produces eighty 0:22:25.600 --> 0:22:29.840 eight million different combinations from twenty seven I imagine twenty 0:22:29.840 --> 0:22:33.679 seven thousand ingredients. How many different combinations is that produced? 0:22:33.920 --> 0:22:38.680 This is the scope of the Human Epigenome Project that's underway. Now, 0:22:38.800 --> 0:22:40.720 what what about Pizza Hut with all their like stuff 0:22:40.760 --> 0:22:44.200 crust and eat it backwards and the ingredients are underneath 0:22:44.200 --> 0:22:48.399 your pizza and probably even more stuffed. Yeah, but I 0:22:48.400 --> 0:22:50.600 think Dominos has more pizza because they've got like the 0:22:50.640 --> 0:22:54.480 Philly cheese steak one, and they have like the cheeseburger, 0:22:54.560 --> 0:22:58.399 the bacon cheeseburger, which yeah, they did, like the Ruben 0:22:58.440 --> 0:23:01.400 sandwich pizza that would be very good, would be good. 0:23:01.880 --> 0:23:05.920 So epigenetics is changing everything I think, and it's core. 0:23:06.359 --> 0:23:09.880 It's going to it's going to point out that all 0:23:09.920 --> 0:23:14.360 of our understanding of medicine is just an odd way 0:23:14.400 --> 0:23:20.000 of describing an epigenetic change, you know, like psychology, psychiatry. 0:23:19.800 --> 0:23:24.240 I predict that our future and complete understanding of humanity 0:23:24.320 --> 0:23:27.720 is going to be a combination of sociology and epigenetics. 0:23:28.640 --> 0:23:30.240 So we we thought we were onto something with me 0:23:30.320 --> 0:23:34.639 or neurons, but forget what we said. Not just kidding, 0:23:34.640 --> 0:23:37.960 Actually I think that you could probably explain that epigenetically 0:23:38.119 --> 0:23:40.480 and with sociology as well. Have you heard of this guy, 0:23:40.600 --> 0:23:45.200 Dr Bruce Lipton. He is, he's got a documentary out 0:23:45.240 --> 0:23:48.680 called The Living Matrix, And at first I was reading 0:23:48.680 --> 0:23:50.200 and I was like, Wow, this guy's really onto something. 0:23:50.200 --> 0:23:52.160 But then I started reading other people saying this guy's 0:23:52.160 --> 0:23:54.920 a quack. Oh yeah, yeah. He basically he's a big 0:23:54.920 --> 0:23:59.200 epigenetics guy. But he thinks that your brain can essentially 0:24:00.040 --> 0:24:05.040 change your genetic expression by manipulating the epigenome, like concentrating. 0:24:05.160 --> 0:24:08.040 He thinks the placebo effect could potentially be explained by this, 0:24:08.119 --> 0:24:14.439 and like spontaneous remission and cancer, spontaneous combustion. Spontaneous remission 0:24:14.480 --> 0:24:18.240 obviously is when you go into remission with no known cause, 0:24:18.840 --> 0:24:21.359 not from you know, any treatment. And he says this 0:24:21.440 --> 0:24:24.600 is explained because you're you have a profound change in 0:24:24.600 --> 0:24:28.280 your perception of your life and what life is all about, 0:24:28.480 --> 0:24:31.480 and that can potentially alter the epigenome. Well, you could 0:24:31.480 --> 0:24:33.200 also make a case that this guy, what this guy 0:24:33.280 --> 0:24:38.080 is talking about is decreasing stress, which stresses freaks havoc 0:24:38.119 --> 0:24:42.600