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Speaker 1: Hi, everyone, Can your grandfather's diet short in your life?

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Speaker 1: What does that even mean? Well, it turns out it's possible.

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Speaker 1: And I remember when we stumbled upon this topic in

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Speaker 1: June of two thousand ten, really really fascinating stuff for me.

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Speaker 1: And it turns out it's true. There is actually Well

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Speaker 1: how about this. I'm not going to ruin it, just

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Speaker 1: give it a listen to everyone, Can your grandfather's diet

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Speaker 1: shorten your life? Welcome to Stuff You Should Know from

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Speaker 1: house Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and I'm

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Speaker 1: Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and I'm Josh Clark. And that

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Speaker 1: makes this stuff you should Know? Right. Yeah, So this

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Speaker 1: is our podcast. We've been doing it for a while,

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Speaker 1: and um, are you welcoming new listeners? Yeah, here's another one. Okay,

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Speaker 1: all right, and actually I'm pretty excited about this one.

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Speaker 1: I've been wanting to do this one for a while.

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Speaker 1: You've been bugging me. Epigenetics do it. Let's do it.

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Speaker 1: The cutting edge of research of human of of our

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Speaker 1: understanding of life, not just human, of all life. My

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Speaker 1: mind was blown. It's a pretty big deal, real big deal. So, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: you've heard of the genetic revolution. Charles Darwin, he had

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Speaker 1: a long beard. He loved sea turtles, that kind of thing.

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Speaker 1: He used a vacation in the Galapagos, right. He um

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Speaker 1: wrote on the origin of the species, and it was

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Speaker 1: a pretty groundbreaking book, I would say. So it's basically

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Speaker 1: what he came up with was we are driven by

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Speaker 1: our genes. Right, we have genetic code and our DNA,

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Speaker 1: and that makes us red headed, it makes us timid,

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Speaker 1: it makes us courageous, prone to cancer, right exactly, and

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Speaker 1: it makes us thick tongued alright sometimes yeah, and we

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Speaker 1: are slaves to these genes, right, there's nothing we can

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Speaker 1: do to alter and we get him from our parents.

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Speaker 1: But you know, if if we find out that over time,

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Speaker 1: being thick tongued is um say, advantageous to human survival,

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Speaker 1: we're all going to talk like me. But millions of

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Speaker 1: years from now, at least hundreds of thousands, it definitely does.

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Speaker 1: And I just look for it in the future, Okay,

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Speaker 1: when we're all running around with robot bodies. Um, there

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Speaker 1: was another guy, and actually Darwin, just to show off,

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Speaker 1: once came across a type of orchid, right, the moon orchid,

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Speaker 1: I believe it's what it's called. And it had a

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Speaker 1: very very deep um I guess pistol pistol or statement.

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Speaker 1: I can never keep those things apart. And the nectar

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Speaker 1: was down in there. And he looked at that flower

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Speaker 1: and said, you know what, there is an organism out there,

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Speaker 1: probably a flying organism that it has a probosist that

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Speaker 1: fits perfectly into that flower. It was a um hawk moth.

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Speaker 1: And sure enough a few a few years later, at

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Speaker 1: some point in time later, they discovered the hawk moth

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Speaker 1: and it was pretty much literal really made to fit. Right.

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Speaker 1: So there's another guy named Jean Baptiste Lamark, who I

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Speaker 1: know you've heard of as well, right, all and all

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Speaker 1: his lamarky and stuff. Right, he was he was about

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Speaker 1: sixty to eighty. He was working about sixty or so

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Speaker 1: years before Darwin. He had his own ideas based on giraffes. Right. Yes,

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Speaker 1: he said that giraffe's next grew to reach the food,

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Speaker 1: but it was just over the course of a few generations, right, right,

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Speaker 1: And that's kind of flies in the face of Darwin. Yeah, sure,

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Speaker 1: who said it takes hundreds of thousands of years with

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Speaker 1: this stuff called epigenetics that we're about to talk about today.

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Speaker 1: Suddenly people are starting to go back and look at Lamark,

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Speaker 1: who was kind of dismissed as a quack. Yeah, um,

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Speaker 1: and say, you know what, Lamark may have been right

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Speaker 1: in this one. Yeah, prepare for your minds to be melted.

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Speaker 1: Let's all I have to say. Let's talk about epigenetics,

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Speaker 1: Chuck and go. Josh's first talk about the genome. I

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Speaker 1: heard a computer reference analogy that I thought was was

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Speaker 1: pretty spot on. If you think of the genome as

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Speaker 1: computer hardware, then the epigenome would be the software that

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Speaker 1: tells the computer what to do and when to do it.

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Speaker 1: But in this case, the epigenome tells your cells what

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Speaker 1: to do, what kind of cells to be, when to

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Speaker 1: activate or deactivate. So, like I guess every cell or yeah,

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Speaker 1: the d n A in every cell in the human

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Speaker 1: body has the exact same DNA. Yes, you have like

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Speaker 1: half of your mother's and half of your father's and

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Speaker 1: it comes together and gives you your d n A. Right. Um.

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Speaker 1: And if you look at the DNA and every cell

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Speaker 1: from a uh, the kind of cell that makes up

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Speaker 1: your fingernail, what would that be a carat in a

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Speaker 1: site okay, to a sperm cell, right, very very specialized

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Speaker 1: type of cell. They all have the same d n A.

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Speaker 1: They have the same genes in there um. But what

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Speaker 1: makes them different and what makes a carat and a

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Speaker 1: site and a sperm cell those things are the the

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Speaker 1: tag on those genes. So some are turned off, some

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Speaker 1: are turned on, and in a specific combination, you have

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Speaker 1: either a kratinosite or sperm cell, or a neuron or

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Speaker 1: a cell that makes up your eyeball, all of that stuff. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So it's essentially it's a chemical tag that literally changes

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Speaker 1: the physical structure of your genome. So it'll bind tightly,

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Speaker 1: let's say, to an inactive UH gene make it unreadable,

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Speaker 1: or it'll stretch out an active gene and make it

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Speaker 1: really accessible, physically changing it. And epigenetics means above the

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Speaker 1: genome because these tags, these they're called methyl tags, which

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Speaker 1: is what one hydrogen and two carbon carbon and hydrogen bundles. Yeah, okay,

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Speaker 1: so it's a group. It's a really simple um compound um.

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Speaker 1: But they they they attached to the gene and a

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Speaker 1: place where other proteins or enzymes normally would attach to

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Speaker 1: activate it. So basically what they do is block a

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Speaker 1: gene from being active beaded, and they can silence them. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So it's like a light switch. Literally you can turn

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Speaker 1: off sun jeans and turn off others. Um. And the uh,

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Speaker 1: the honey bee actually is is a pretty good demonstration

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Speaker 1: of this. Did you read about honey bees? Okay, so

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Speaker 1: you've got a worker bee, right, which is a sterile,

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Speaker 1: kind of mindless dumb bee that just does what it's

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Speaker 1: supposed to do, no offense agreed. Hey, I'm all down

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Speaker 1: with may Day all right? Uh? And uh with um

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Speaker 1: a queen bee, you have this, Uh, First of all,

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Speaker 1: she can reproduce, she goes and kills other rival queens,

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Speaker 1: she does um kind of all sorts of other stuff

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Speaker 1: that a worker bee isn't capable of doing. Um. And

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Speaker 1: what they found was a queen bee. Queen bee larva

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Speaker 1: are raised in this royal jelly, right, which worker bees

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Speaker 1: secrete from their their heads. It's a nutrient rich jelly,

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Speaker 1: so the larva grows in it. And what they found, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it sounds kind of good, doesn't it, just because of

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Speaker 1: the jelly part. What they found was that um, the

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Speaker 1: royal jelly has it adds a methyl tag to the

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Speaker 1: queen bee Larva's d n m T three gene. And

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Speaker 1: this gene is like literally the on off switch. If

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Speaker 1: this gene is on, it goes to the default worker.

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Speaker 1: Be right right. If it's off, then all the genes

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Speaker 1: that that make a queen be a queen bee are

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Speaker 1: able to be turned on. Crazy, isn't it so? Epigenetics

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Speaker 1: happens in bees as well? And mice. Yes, the they've

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Speaker 1: done a lot of studies with mice. Obviously in the

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Speaker 1: a goody gene in these mice, and they would they

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Speaker 1: experiment with um with these mice affecting basically turning on

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Speaker 1: and off the epigenetic switch. So an unmethylated gene would

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Speaker 1: affect the mouse's size and weight and then and then

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Speaker 1: coat color. It makes them real fat and like yellow, yeah,

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Speaker 1: instead of skinning and brown. Have you seen one of

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Speaker 1: these things? Yeah, they're huge. They should all be named Wilburg.

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Speaker 1: The cool thing is though they showed the difference between

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Speaker 1: the skinny brown one and the fat yellow one. But

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Speaker 1: then they also did experiments where they did half and half,

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Speaker 1: like turned on half of them and turned off half

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Speaker 1: of them. And they literally showed him in a sequence.

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Speaker 1: I don't know if you saw this picture, but they

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Speaker 1: went from fat yellow to skinny brown, and in between

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Speaker 1: they got thinner and with spotted coats along the way,

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Speaker 1: crazy like yellow and brown spotted coat. Yeah. It's that specific. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And the one of the ways that they have found

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Speaker 1: that they can manipulate these what is it a goody Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the goody gene and these mice that I guess our

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Speaker 1: bread specifically for this gene to be easily observed or something, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: manipulated to UM is through diet. Right, So they've actually

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Speaker 1: taken a goody jeen mice mothers who are pregnant fed

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Speaker 1: him a bunch of UM B vitamins in their diet. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and soy right, yeah, soy is a really easy easy

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Speaker 1: grab for B vitamins, U belief, right, UM fed these

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Speaker 1: these pregnant, big fat yellow, ugly mice B vitamins and

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Speaker 1: their kids came out that that healthy, skinny brown right. Um.

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Speaker 1: They had identical moms with the same like a goody gan,

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Speaker 1: same upbringing, same everything, just fed them in the normal

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Speaker 1: mouse diet without vitamin B and they had the big

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Speaker 1: fat yellow kids. So diet is a really big factor

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Speaker 1: in epigenetic changes. What Chuck and I are talking about

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Speaker 1: right now is that science has found evidence that you

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Speaker 1: can change the genetics of your children by eating be

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Speaker 1: vitamins or by being abused when you're pregnant. Well, see,

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Speaker 1: that's what gets me. Some of the diet like makes

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Speaker 1: a little bit of sense, But the fact that an

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Speaker 1: environmental stimulus placed on your mom or even your grandparents

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Speaker 1: can affect your children or grandchildren something you didn't even

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Speaker 1: experience at all, it's kind of unfair. And actually, I

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Speaker 1: have to tell you, the more I study this, the

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Speaker 1: more worried I am for my own child or children. Like. Really,

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Speaker 1: what they're finding is the decisions that you make, especially

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Speaker 1: at a youngish age, are going to affect several generations

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Speaker 1: because these what you're doing is adding metal tags. What

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Speaker 1: we're talking about is pretty much the definitive answer to

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Speaker 1: the nature and nurture debate. And what we're finding is

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Speaker 1: both you have nature, which is your genes and they're

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Speaker 1: very much active, but you have nurture, which is the environment.

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Speaker 1: Whether it's diet, whether it's stress, um, whether it's lack

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Speaker 1: of exercise. Your body responds to these changes by saying, okay,

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Speaker 1: all right, Well, then we need to if you're gonna

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Speaker 1: lay around and be fat, then we have to we

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Speaker 1: have to deactivate this Chaine, we will punish your grandkids,

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Speaker 1: and your grandkids who are trying to be normal are

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Speaker 1: going to be fat little kids that live you know,

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Speaker 1: shortened lives. And this is where it came from, right, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: Wasn't there there was a study in Sweden that kind

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Speaker 1: of broke this ground. Yeah, didn't they find that? Um,

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Speaker 1: it was a very isolated group of people in Sweden

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Speaker 1: and at the time they were very isolated at least

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Speaker 1: where they couldn't get help from the outside world, very

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Speaker 1: very readily. And I think they studied the famine in

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Speaker 1: that right, Well, they the famine affected the generations afterwards. Well,

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Speaker 1: they had like feast or famine. It was like an

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Speaker 1: agricultural town. And they looked at these agricultural records that

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Speaker 1: this town kept for some reason, like really detailed records

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Speaker 1: for throughout the nineteenth century, and some years there was

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Speaker 1: nothing and people starved death. The next year there was everything.

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Speaker 1: And they found that the grand parents, the grand fathers,

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Speaker 1: um who feasted and starved within a year of one another. Um,

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Speaker 1: they're grandkids lived in average of thirty two years shorter

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Speaker 1: or less. Then it's the same the grandkids of the

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Speaker 1: same people who didn't have that kind of feast or

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Speaker 1: famine experience in the same town right around, with the

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Speaker 1: same socio economic conditions. So yeah, that's three generations right there, right. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Did you hear about the Angelman syndrome and the Prodavadi syndrome? No,

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Speaker 1: totally they I saw that. Actually, it was a PBS documentary.

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Speaker 1: The it's called The Ghost in Your Jeans. Did you

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Speaker 1: watch that, dude? It's on YouTube. It's in five, I

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Speaker 1: think five or six sections of ten minutes apiece. It's

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Speaker 1: a full show. Mind blowing. Uh. They found that there's

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Speaker 1: there's these two day print syndromes and I won't get

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Speaker 1: too deep into what they are, but Angelman syndrome and

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Speaker 1: uh Proda Villi syndrome is what it's called. And they

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Speaker 1: found the sons Italian prodovity. Sorry I dropped the ball there. Uh. Basically,

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Speaker 1: what causes each of these is a missing piece of

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Speaker 1: DNA and it can cause two different disease. Where they

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Speaker 1: found it and cause to these two different diseases, they're

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Speaker 1: completely unrelated depending on which parent it came from which

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Speaker 1: missing uh, part of the gene it came from. So basically, uh,

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Speaker 1: it's as if the gene knew where it was coming from.

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Speaker 1: Like gene imprinting, the gene had a memory that, Oh,

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Speaker 1: it came from the father, so you're gonna have Angelman syndrome,

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Speaker 1: or it came from the mother, so you're gonna have

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Speaker 1: prida evilly. Right, And this is a relatively recent discovery.

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Speaker 1: We were talking about them looking at agricultural records of

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Speaker 1: the u nineteenth century in Sweden. That was a doctor

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Speaker 1: named h Dr Lars olov Bygren, but he was working

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Speaker 1: in the mid eighties and he didn't really start to

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Speaker 1: lay the foundation of epigenetic research until the mid to

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Speaker 1: late nineties. So this is a very new field. But

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Speaker 1: what they're finding, and what Chuck was just saying, is

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Speaker 1: that your parents can pass on these epigenetic changes that

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Speaker 1: happen within themselves, right, Um, and your grandparents can too.

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Speaker 1: But this isn't supposed to happen. What happens when an

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Speaker 1: egg and a sperm meat, right, and it's like, hey,

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Speaker 1: here's half, here's my DNA, here's my DNA, and then

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Speaker 1: they get together. Um, there is actually a process where

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Speaker 1: these specialized cells go through and basically clean the d

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Speaker 1: n A of methyl tags. But they found that not

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Speaker 1: all methyl tags get cleaned off, so diet can affect

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Speaker 1: certain genes. These methyl tags can be passed down UM

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Speaker 1: and and with abuse as well. H Have you heard

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Speaker 1: about PTSD? Yeah, we passed down. They covered that in

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Speaker 1: the in that special as well. They did tests with

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Speaker 1: pregnant women who were in New York at the time

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Speaker 1: of nine eleven. Did you hear about this one? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's really recent study, right, Yeah, And they basically found

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Speaker 1: that pregnant women the experience that were pregnant at the

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Speaker 1: time the Towers came down and experienced post traumatic stress disorder.

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Speaker 1: They found that their babies had lower levels of cortisol

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Speaker 1: just like their moms did, which helps you deal with stress,

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Speaker 1: helps you how you deal with stress. So these little

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Speaker 1: babies inherited, basically inherited post traumatic stress disorder from their

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Speaker 1: mothers in the womb in utero and um. Cortisol it's

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Speaker 1: a hormone and it would be produced by a gene

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Speaker 1: or expressed by a gene, and how much or how

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Speaker 1: little is express depends on whether that gene is silenced

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Speaker 1: whether it's altered, and that alteration comes from methyal tags

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Speaker 1: which can be passed down, So PTSD can be passed down, right, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and they're what they're speculating now that and this is

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Speaker 1: obviously speculation because these kids are still young, but they're

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Speaker 1: speculating that it's gonna happen to their kids as well,

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Speaker 1: and that's gonna be the real like gold nugget right

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Speaker 1: there there. They do go away eventually, they think mental tags, well,

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Speaker 1: they have in like fruit flies. With fruit flies, it's

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Speaker 1: like four generations, but fruit flies have a generation every

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Speaker 1: like five minutes and now um, and then I think

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Speaker 1: with mice it's like forty generations or something like that. Um.

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Speaker 1: And with humans, they expect it to be somewhere around

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Speaker 1: three maybe a few more. And then yeah, because what's

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Speaker 1: happening is our bodies are responding to environmental cues to change.

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Speaker 1: And then after those environmental cues go away, the body's like, okay,

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Speaker 1: well we can go back to normal now and get

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Speaker 1: rid of this methyl tag. So we've got nutrition. Right.

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Speaker 1: You are what you're You are what you eat, You

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Speaker 1: are what your parents eight, you are what your grandparents eight?

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Speaker 1: Uh and then there's um things like stress. Yeah, which

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Speaker 1: parenting right, And Yeah, I think they found with mice

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Speaker 1: mice mother's it didn't nurture their kids, um or nurse

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Speaker 1: their kids, uh, raise kids, produced kids that were kind

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Speaker 1: of jumpy and um, I guess had the mice version

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Speaker 1: of PTSD. And they theorized that the the body had

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Speaker 1: undergone an epigenetic change to prepare these mice for stressful

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Speaker 1: life where they need to be on guard. You know which,

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Speaker 1: if you think about it, chuck a blog post about this,

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Speaker 1: it's possible. What we call PTSD is an epigenetic change

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Speaker 1: that says you live in an environment where you can't

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Speaker 1: just you can't relax, so we're gonna make you jumpy,

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Speaker 1: you're gonna be edgy, and you're going to have flashbacks

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Speaker 1: so that you're always you know, on point. And it's

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Speaker 1: the result of an epigenetic change from a stressful event. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and the same Yeah, I think you mentioned abuse earlier.

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Speaker 1: They found that one out of every five suicide victims

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Speaker 1: was a victim of child abuse as well. So they're

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Speaker 1: still kind of theorizing now, but they think there's a

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Speaker 1: positive correlation are between like you said, stressful upbringing in

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Speaker 1: an epigenetic change. So what else? Uh, well do you

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Speaker 1: I mean? And we're gonna talk about the good What

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Speaker 1: could be good about this? Potentially, yes, because it could

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Speaker 1: be really good. We're talking about and it's still early going.

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Speaker 1: We're talking about potentially curing things like Alzheimer's cancer, um,

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Speaker 1: mental disorders, uh, multiple sclerosis, you name its, thick tonguedness,

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Speaker 1: potentially being able to cure this because you can't. They

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Speaker 1: found that it's really hard to fix like a cancer cell.

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Speaker 1: And so what the doctors are thinking now is it's

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Speaker 1: really hard to fix a cancer cell, but it's a

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Speaker 1: whole lot easier to turn these epigenetic switches on and off,

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Speaker 1: which may in turn help defeat cancer. Like you want

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Speaker 1: to get a tumor suppressing gene going yeah, and then

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Speaker 1: but you want to get a cellular growth gene turned

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Speaker 1: down a little bit right like that, and that you

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Speaker 1: just cured cancer. Yeah. This This one doctor put it

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Speaker 1: like this. He said that, Um, it's almost like a

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Speaker 1: diplomacy instead of a war, Like you'll go tell the cell, hey,

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Speaker 1: you're a good human cell. You don't need to behave

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Speaker 1: this way. You should not be behaving this way. Yes,

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Speaker 1: it's called as a citadine. It's good to me as

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Speaker 1: a citadine. It was originally marketed for UM something else entirely,

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Speaker 1: probably Alzheimer's. Everything was uh, and then they come up

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Speaker 1: with they figure out that it's actually UM turning down

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Speaker 1: these growth cells are these growth genes, and they say, hey,

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Speaker 1: how about we use this for leukemia? Right boom being

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Speaker 1: there you go. Yeah, people all of a sudden in

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Speaker 1: remission where they hadn't been before. So it's pretty pretty startling. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's still in the early stages though, right. Uh. The

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Speaker 1: other thing too is you can you can. It's it's

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Speaker 1: easier to fix the epigenome. That's the good news. As

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Speaker 1: we move forward, it's also a lot easier to mess

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Speaker 1: up your own epigenome diet and smoking and things like that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: there was a the guy who was studying Sweden hooked

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Speaker 1: up with a guy who proposed, uh, the entire field

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Speaker 1: of epigenetics in and then they got together with another

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Speaker 1: researcher who was running that. You remember the framing Framinghamton Farmington.

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Speaker 1: Is it farming him, farming him, framing him, framing him

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Speaker 1: that the Massachusetts study, the Heart study Umber forty years

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Speaker 1: long or something, right, remember Great Britain's version of It's

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Speaker 1: like the Avon Longitudinal study. Okay, so this guy had

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Speaker 1: a friend who had access to these these files, and

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Speaker 1: what they found was that one and sixty six fathers

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Speaker 1: in this study had started smoking around age eleven. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And so they started looking at these these guys and

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Speaker 1: found that their kids were shorter and fatter and just

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Speaker 1: generally unhealthy or than other kids, even controlling for other

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Speaker 1: factors as well. So smoking is a problem. Drugs are

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Speaker 1: a problem. Cocaine addicted mice past memory problems onto three

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Speaker 1: generations of their offspring. Yeah, it said that cocaine, especially

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Speaker 1: tripp triggers epigenetic changes that affect like hundreds of genes

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Speaker 1: at the same time, which because memories just such a

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Speaker 1: complex process. So don't do cocaine, no, and don't smoke.

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Speaker 1: It's just a bad idea, especially at a young age.

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Speaker 1: And Chuck, there's a project underway, you remember, the Human

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Speaker 1: Genome project, completed in March of two thousand, which is

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Speaker 1: now that they're kind of like exactly. There was a

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Speaker 1: did you read this time article at the end of

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Speaker 1: it that the author is talking about the epigenome project.

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Speaker 1: That's the big daddy, right, And he was saying that

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Speaker 1: the Human Epigenome Project is going to make the Human

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Speaker 1: Genome Project look like the homework that sixteenth century school

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Speaker 1: kids did on their advocate this. Think about this. What

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Speaker 1: they found in the Human Genome Project is twenty seven

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Speaker 1: thousand genes that are mapped. Right, Um, just just fiddling

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Speaker 1: with these combinations increases the map that needs to be

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Speaker 1: created exponentially, right, Like Domino's Pizza has twenty seven ingredients

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Speaker 1: they produces they do. I went counting, the produces eighty

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Speaker 1: eight million different combinations from twenty seven I imagine twenty

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Speaker 1: seven thousand ingredients. How many different combinations is that produced?

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Speaker 1: This is the scope of the Human Epigenome Project that's underway. Now,

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Speaker 1: what what about Pizza Hut with all their like stuff

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Speaker 1: crust and eat it backwards and the ingredients are underneath

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Speaker 1: your pizza and probably even more stuffed. Yeah, but I

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Speaker 1: think Dominos has more pizza because they've got like the

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Speaker 1: Philly cheese steak one, and they have like the cheeseburger,

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Speaker 1: the bacon cheeseburger, which yeah, they did, like the Ruben

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Speaker 1: sandwich pizza that would be very good, would be good.

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Speaker 1: So epigenetics is changing everything I think, and it's core.

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Speaker 1: It's going to it's going to point out that all

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Speaker 1: of our understanding of medicine is just an odd way

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Speaker 1: of describing an epigenetic change, you know, like psychology, psychiatry.

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Speaker 1: I predict that our future and complete understanding of humanity

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Speaker 1: is going to be a combination of sociology and epigenetics.

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Speaker 1: So we we thought we were onto something with me

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Speaker 1: or neurons, but forget what we said. Not just kidding,

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Speaker 1: Actually I think that you could probably explain that epigenetically

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Speaker 1: and with sociology as well. Have you heard of this guy,

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Speaker 1: Dr Bruce Lipton. He is, he's got a documentary out

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Speaker 1: called The Living Matrix, And at first I was reading

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Speaker 1: and I was like, Wow, this guy's really onto something.

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Speaker 1: But then I started reading other people saying this guy's

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Speaker 1: a quack. Oh yeah, yeah. He basically he's a big

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Speaker 1: epigenetics guy. But he thinks that your brain can essentially

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Speaker 1: change your genetic expression by manipulating the epigenome, like concentrating.

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Speaker 1: He thinks the placebo effect could potentially be explained by this,

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Speaker 1: and like spontaneous remission and cancer, spontaneous combustion. Spontaneous remission

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Speaker 1: obviously is when you go into remission with no known cause,

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Speaker 1: not from you know, any treatment. And he says this

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Speaker 1: is explained because you're you have a profound change in

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Speaker 1: your perception of your life and what life is all about,

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Speaker 1: and that can potentially alter the epigenome. Well, you could

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Speaker 1: also make a case that this guy, what this guy

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Speaker 1: is talking about is decreasing stress, which stresses freaks havoc

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Speaker 1: on us and could create methtyal tags and alter gene expression.

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Speaker 1: So maybe he's just using a quacky way of describing

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Speaker 1: lowering your own stress levels by increasing self confidence. It's

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Speaker 1: interesting when you see these people, though, and you watch

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Speaker 1: a YouTube video and you think, oh my gosh, that's

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Speaker 1: the secret to the future, and then you see all

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Speaker 1: these other people go that guy is such a quack. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but at the same time you could you could say, well,

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Speaker 1: maybe those other people are unmagenitive. Good point. So if

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Speaker 1: you want to learn more about epigenetics, I strongly recommend

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Speaker 1: University of Utah's website it Um, have you been on

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Speaker 1: a chuck Why didn't you recommend that to me? Did

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Speaker 1: you see it? I don't think so. I did. There's

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Speaker 1: like a month ago when uh, yeah, you can turn

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Speaker 1: up gene expression turn it down. It's like, um, a

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Speaker 1: lot of foods that you should eat if you want

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Speaker 1: to alter yourself epigenetically, especially if you're pregnant. Or go

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Speaker 1: to YouTube and watch the Ghost in your Genes PBS.

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Speaker 1: It is literally mind blowing, well not literally, people always

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Speaker 1: say literally. It's figured talk about changing your genetic expression.

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Speaker 1: And if you want to read some very beautiful prose

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Speaker 1: on epigenetics, uh shock full of flight simulator references, read

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Speaker 1: uh how epigenetics works by typing epigenetics in the handy

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00:26:19,640 --> 00:26:22,240
Speaker 1: search bar at how stuffworks dot com, Which means it's

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00:26:22,280 --> 00:26:28,920
Speaker 1: time for listener mail. Yes, indeed, Josh, Josh, you remember

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00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:33,080
Speaker 1: Sarah the amazing eleven year old fan it's not eleven anymore,

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00:26:33,160 --> 00:26:36,399
Speaker 1: who captured our hearts when she first emailed early on

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00:26:36,520 --> 00:26:38,840
Speaker 1: in the days of podcastings to do like she was

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00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:42,000
Speaker 1: one of the first fans. Actually, yeah, Sarah the amazing

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00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:45,280
Speaker 1: eleven year old fan is now Sarah the amazing thirteen

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00:26:45,359 --> 00:26:48,639
Speaker 1: year old fan. Gosh, I feel so old. Now. We

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00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:50,560
Speaker 1: shouldn't do this a while? Well, yeah, and we should

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00:26:50,640 --> 00:26:52,679
Speaker 1: keep like once a year, we should update people on

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00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:55,760
Speaker 1: Sarah's age. And then when she graduate, if we're still

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00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:57,800
Speaker 1: doing this in five years, when she graduates college, we

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00:26:57,800 --> 00:27:00,119
Speaker 1: should go like a high school. Yeah, you should go

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00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:02,520
Speaker 1: to her graduation ors, we should give the commencement speech.

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00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:06,000
Speaker 1: She should I call valedictorian. Well yeah, and then the

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00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:07,960
Speaker 1: prince would be like, who are you guys? Can we

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00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:11,040
Speaker 1: get security in here? We'll say I'm the valedictorian. He's

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00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:14,359
Speaker 1: a salutatorian. What do you mean? Uh? So this comes

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00:27:14,359 --> 00:27:16,400
Speaker 1: from Sarah. She checked someone that's from time to time,

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00:27:16,400 --> 00:27:18,639
Speaker 1: and she's still just as cute at thirteen. She's not

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00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:22,119
Speaker 1: all bratty now that she's a teenager. Hello to some

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00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:25,600
Speaker 1: of my favorite people. Today, I earned some strange looks

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00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:29,159
Speaker 1: from people about my knowledge of legos or Lego bricks.

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00:27:29,640 --> 00:27:32,119
Speaker 1: I also tried making a sphere of Lego, but I

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00:27:32,119 --> 00:27:35,320
Speaker 1: couldn't figure it out. Also, today's my birthday. I'm really

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00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:38,880
Speaker 1: excited that I'm finally a teen Yahoo. Do you remember

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00:27:38,880 --> 00:27:41,160
Speaker 1: what I asked for and what she asked for? She's

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00:27:41,200 --> 00:27:44,240
Speaker 1: got a blog now, and she asked if one of

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00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:46,600
Speaker 1: us could comment on her blog. And I went to

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00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:50,360
Speaker 1: her blog and commented. And her blog is basically her

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00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:53,040
Speaker 1: and her little friend talking back and forth to each

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00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:56,520
Speaker 1: other about stuff. It got their eyes with hearts. No, well,

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00:27:56,520 --> 00:27:58,280
Speaker 1: I don't think you can do that, but it is really,

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00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:01,919
Speaker 1: really cute, and I'm actually gonna encourage people to go

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00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,600
Speaker 1: to her blog. I hope she gets mad traffic and

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00:28:04,720 --> 00:28:09,159
Speaker 1: her blog Josh is Sarah loves Australian commercials dot webs

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00:28:09,200 --> 00:28:12,560
Speaker 1: dot com. And here's the clincher. It is s A

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00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:16,720
Speaker 1: s A r w h. There's no www right now

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00:28:16,840 --> 00:28:21,879
Speaker 1: and she missed spells Australian all over the place. Um

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00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:24,840
Speaker 1: she spells it A U S t r A I

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00:28:26,040 --> 00:28:30,159
Speaker 1: l I A n. So it's like OUs trail I

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00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:33,760
Speaker 1: N hey I A n right, so spell the whole

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00:28:33,920 --> 00:28:38,560
Speaker 1: U r l h t t P colon slash slash

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00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:42,160
Speaker 1: s A r A h l O v E s

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00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:47,400
Speaker 1: A U S t r A I l I A

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00:28:47,680 --> 00:28:50,920
Speaker 1: n c O M M E r c I A

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00:28:51,400 --> 00:28:56,800
Speaker 1: l s dot webs w e b s dot com.

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00:28:56,800 --> 00:28:58,760
Speaker 1: And I hope people come right there and check it out.

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00:28:58,760 --> 00:29:01,800
Speaker 1: I hope so too. Um. So she turned thirteen, she says,

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00:29:01,840 --> 00:29:04,760
Speaker 1: by the way, can you please not tell Kristin, Molly

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00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:07,400
Speaker 1: or Katie that I think you guys are better than them.

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00:29:07,440 --> 00:29:10,160
Speaker 1: I think that would be kind of like bragging. It

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00:29:10,200 --> 00:29:12,160
Speaker 1: would be kind of like bragging, which is why we

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00:29:12,160 --> 00:29:14,600
Speaker 1: would never do. We would never tell them, and they

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00:29:14,640 --> 00:29:16,240
Speaker 1: I'm sure they don't listen to our shows, so they'll

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00:29:16,240 --> 00:29:19,320
Speaker 1: never know. And then she closes and this is Emily

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00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:23,000
Speaker 1: just thought, this is the cutest thing ever. Well, so long, farewell,

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00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:25,920
Speaker 1: our al vetter saying goodbye, a do a do to

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00:29:26,040 --> 00:29:28,400
Speaker 1: you and you and you, and then in print the

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00:29:28,400 --> 00:29:30,320
Speaker 1: scene she says, in case you didn't know, that was

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00:29:30,360 --> 00:29:34,640
Speaker 1: from the sound of music. Ye, so long farewell. Yeah,

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00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:37,480
Speaker 1: and that's one of Emily's favorite Well, you should sing

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00:29:37,520 --> 00:29:41,000
Speaker 1: the rest of it. Do a doe doe do? You?

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00:29:41,120 --> 00:29:45,479
Speaker 1: And you and you so Sarah, happy birthday. You're awesome.

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00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:48,880
Speaker 1: You're a dedicated fan. We just think you're super cool.

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00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:51,320
Speaker 1: And good luck with the blog if you do learn

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00:29:51,560 --> 00:29:54,280
Speaker 1: how to doe eyes with heart. We want to know, Sarah,

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00:29:54,560 --> 00:29:58,640
Speaker 1: Happy birthday to you. If you want to become a

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00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:02,640
Speaker 1: fan who's captured our arts, send us something interesting. We

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00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:05,720
Speaker 1: want to uh, we want another super fan and be

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00:30:05,760 --> 00:30:07,800
Speaker 1: a cute little kid. Otherwise you're not gonna culture that

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00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:10,760
Speaker 1: helps as well. Broken English doesn't hurt too true. Uh.

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Speaker 1: You can send an email to stuff Podcast at how

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00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:22,560
Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. For more on this and thousands

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00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:26,080
Speaker 1: of other topics, visit how stuff works dot com. Want

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00:30:26,120 --> 00:30:28,720
Speaker 1: more how stuff works, check out our blogs on the

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00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:30,400
Speaker 1: house stuff works dot com home page