WEBVTT - Jane Goodall: All Good 0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:04.920 Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:11.240 --> 0:00:13.520 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's 0:00:13.640 --> 0:00:16.200 Chuck and Jerry's here too, and this is stuff you 0:00:16.239 --> 0:00:21.960 should know podcasts. How you doing, I'm good, I'm good. 0:00:22.040 --> 0:00:24.080 You I'm sweepy? 0:00:24.960 --> 0:00:25.520 Oh are you? 0:00:26.320 --> 0:00:27.000 Yeah? 0:00:27.160 --> 0:00:29.920 I'm a little beat myself. Is it just life or 0:00:30.080 --> 0:00:32.160 did you stay up till five am drinking? 0:00:33.000 --> 0:00:36.360 No, it's just hitting right around the old nap time, 0:00:36.440 --> 0:00:36.879 So you know. 0:00:37.080 --> 0:00:40.320 I'm with you. Do you ever doze off all your studying? 0:00:41.280 --> 0:00:45.320 Uh? No, but I you know, I still try and 0:00:45.360 --> 0:00:48.279 catch a short nap every day, and on the recording 0:00:48.400 --> 0:00:52.879 days that sometimes happens. But today was I was not 0:00:53.000 --> 0:00:54.120 able to gotcha? 0:00:54.240 --> 0:00:56.480 Well, we'll retire eventually. Hang in there. 0:00:57.720 --> 0:00:58.800 I'll sleep when I retire. 0:00:59.760 --> 0:01:01.800 Hey, So what do you want to talk about today? 0:01:03.320 --> 0:01:06.440 I mean, I prepped for a show on Jane Goodall, 0:01:07.200 --> 0:01:10.760 so did I. And she's the best. 0:01:11.120 --> 0:01:16.720 She is she is she is widely roundly, basically globally 0:01:17.480 --> 0:01:22.240 universally probably seen as essentially a great person. 0:01:23.120 --> 0:01:27.160 Yeah, I think she's cherished and for good reason. After 0:01:27.720 --> 0:01:29.840 did you watch the documentary for this at all? 0:01:29.880 --> 0:01:33.960 By the way, I didn't the Future one from twenty seventeen. 0:01:34.080 --> 0:01:37.160 Jane, Yeah, yeah, no I didn't. It's great. 0:01:38.120 --> 0:01:40.080 It sounds great. I read a lot about it, as 0:01:40.160 --> 0:01:42.840 I do, but I haven't seen it. Yeah, I'll have 0:01:42.920 --> 0:01:43.640 to watch it still. 0:01:43.840 --> 0:01:47.000 Yeah, it's really good. Highly recommended if you're listening and 0:01:47.040 --> 0:01:51.360 if this hearing about her, you know, inspires you to 0:01:51.440 --> 0:01:57.680 learn more at all, because it's a great documentary of footage, beautiful, 0:01:57.720 --> 0:02:01.880 beautiful color film stock from back then when she was 0:02:02.240 --> 0:02:07.320 doing her studies. And it's not it's not like a narrate. 0:02:07.400 --> 0:02:10.959 It's it's narrated just by her thoughts and this beautiful 0:02:11.000 --> 0:02:14.280 score and it just shows it. It's just really really 0:02:14.320 --> 0:02:15.600 lovely the way it plays out. 0:02:16.120 --> 0:02:18.400 That's awesome. I heard the car chase in the middle 0:02:18.440 --> 0:02:19.000 is really great. 0:02:19.080 --> 0:02:22.480 Yeah, I didn't expect it, but very good. 0:02:23.440 --> 0:02:28.519 So drive drive, drive. Yeah, so we're talking Jane Goodall. 0:02:28.600 --> 0:02:30.600 For those of you who don't know who Jane Goodall is, 0:02:31.240 --> 0:02:39.320 she is one of the world's foremost renowned primatologists. And 0:02:39.400 --> 0:02:41.760 she did it the old fashioned way by going out 0:02:41.760 --> 0:02:44.440 into the jungle and learning as she did. It's called 0:02:44.440 --> 0:02:47.400 the school of hard knocks, I think. Yeah, that's the 0:02:47.400 --> 0:02:49.760 thing about Jane Goodall. She had a high school education 0:02:50.760 --> 0:02:54.320 when she started. She did not go to college, not 0:02:54.440 --> 0:02:57.800 for a while, and a guy named Lewis Leakey, a 0:02:57.840 --> 0:03:01.040 famous anthropologist, took a gamble on her on purpose because 0:03:01.040 --> 0:03:05.920 he was looking for somebody who could who was not trained, purposely, 0:03:05.960 --> 0:03:08.120 not trained so that they weren't bringing a bunch of 0:03:08.120 --> 0:03:12.320 preconceptions to them to study chimpanzees. And Jing Goodall fit 0:03:12.400 --> 0:03:14.320 the bill. As we'll see, she's loved animals since she 0:03:14.400 --> 0:03:18.240 was a kid, and after just a few months started 0:03:18.280 --> 0:03:23.880 excelling at it and eventually changed how the world sees chimpanzees. 0:03:24.240 --> 0:03:26.160 We didn't know much about him before, We had a 0:03:26.160 --> 0:03:28.800 lot of assumptions about him, and Jing Goodall showed that 0:03:28.840 --> 0:03:32.480 they were just let's just turn those on their heads. 0:03:32.880 --> 0:03:34.200 Yeah, how's that. 0:03:34.120 --> 0:03:35.120 For an intro baby? 0:03:36.040 --> 0:03:36.840 It's pretty good? 0:03:37.200 --> 0:03:37.600 Thank you? 0:03:39.000 --> 0:03:41.040 Do we I mean, do we get more specific? Even? 0:03:42.000 --> 0:03:44.000 Oh? I thought we'd get specific as we went along, 0:03:44.040 --> 0:03:44.680 but sure, go ahead. 0:03:44.800 --> 0:03:47.560 Yeah. So she was born in nineteen thirty four in 0:03:47.600 --> 0:03:53.400 England to her mother Margaret and her father Mortimer. Go 0:03:53.400 --> 0:03:56.640 ahead and forget I even said father Mortimer, because he 0:03:56.720 --> 0:04:00.360 was not around much and he does not feel much 0:04:00.360 --> 0:04:03.560 in her story. He divorced when Jane was but sixteen. 0:04:04.600 --> 0:04:08.080 But especially after watching this documentary, if we're going to 0:04:08.120 --> 0:04:10.800 salute Jane Goodall, we are going to have to salute 0:04:10.840 --> 0:04:17.640 her mother, because her mom was the one who was like, Hey, 0:04:17.880 --> 0:04:20.960 you want to figure something out, then go figure it 0:04:21.000 --> 0:04:24.440 out and go learn it and go do Instead of 0:04:24.520 --> 0:04:26.560 talking about something, go out and do it because no 0:04:26.600 --> 0:04:29.240 one else is going to do it unless you do it. 0:04:29.320 --> 0:04:34.200 And who cares that it's the nineteen forties and fifties. 0:04:35.040 --> 0:04:38.800 Who cares that you're a young girl. Just go out 0:04:38.800 --> 0:04:41.279 and do it, Jane, by God, and she did. 0:04:41.839 --> 0:04:45.279 Yeah, She very famously encouraged her to go dance on 0:04:45.320 --> 0:04:47.599 the rain, feel the rain in her skin because no 0:04:47.640 --> 0:04:48.880 one else will do it for you. 0:04:50.680 --> 0:04:54.240 That's right, And like you said, and this is what 0:04:54.400 --> 0:04:57.840 maybe set her apart from other scientists at the time. 0:04:59.360 --> 0:05:05.359 She loved, loved and loved animals like capital l O vee, 0:05:06.320 --> 0:05:08.120 and that sort of flew in the face of the 0:05:08.320 --> 0:05:13.520 dispassionate history of how you study animals. 0:05:13.800 --> 0:05:18.840 Yeah, biologists typically approached animals totally detached, totally unemotional. 0:05:19.200 --> 0:05:20.400 They were aware opposed to. 0:05:22.200 --> 0:05:24.840 That was how they were trained to and it makes 0:05:24.839 --> 0:05:27.800 sense in a way because this is there was a 0:05:27.839 --> 0:05:32.360 widespread fear and there apparently still is among you know, 0:05:32.520 --> 0:05:39.000 hardcore biologists and other ologists that study animals, that we 0:05:39.320 --> 0:05:43.960 humans have a just a great propensity for anthropomorphizing animals. 0:05:44.640 --> 0:05:47.720 And how can you study animals if you're just essentially 0:05:47.839 --> 0:05:51.479 presuming that they're behaving like humans. You can't if they're 0:05:51.520 --> 0:05:53.800 doing something that's actually not human like and you're just 0:05:53.800 --> 0:05:57.840 misinterpreting it, you're being misled by your anthropomorphism. So there 0:05:57.880 --> 0:06:02.120 was a real there was The workaround that they figured 0:06:02.120 --> 0:06:05.120 out was to just look at them dispassionately. They're just animals. 0:06:05.279 --> 0:06:07.640 I don't care what their names are, I don't care 0:06:07.680 --> 0:06:11.039 anything about them. I'm just going to study them as 0:06:11.120 --> 0:06:15.919 dispassionately as possible in the hopes of preventing from anthropomorphizing. 0:06:16.240 --> 0:06:18.760 That was the predominant view, and again it still kind 0:06:18.760 --> 0:06:23.440 of is. It's complete hogwash, the idea that there's just 0:06:24.120 --> 0:06:27.839 no inner lives to animals, and apparently there's still some 0:06:27.920 --> 0:06:31.599 academics that cling on to that, but it does make 0:06:31.640 --> 0:06:34.359 a little bit of sense where if you're worried about 0:06:34.360 --> 0:06:38.600 projecting your own feelings and values and emotions and thoughts 0:06:38.640 --> 0:06:41.919 onto the animals you're studying, then just don't get attached 0:06:41.960 --> 0:06:43.840 to the animals. And that's what she entered into. 0:06:44.560 --> 0:06:47.880 You know, he said, what they don't care what their 0:06:47.960 --> 0:06:48.360 names are. 0:06:49.880 --> 0:06:54.400 Well, I'm sure they have names like ragnor the Conquerors. 0:06:54.560 --> 0:06:57.160 Probably a pretty regular name for a cow. 0:06:57.800 --> 0:07:00.800 I would think so. But you're right, But she flew 0:07:00.800 --> 0:07:03.120 in the face of that. She loved animals as a child. 0:07:04.120 --> 0:07:06.280 She would just spend hours and hours and hours as 0:07:06.320 --> 0:07:11.360 a young girl drawing animals, talking about animals, writing about animals, 0:07:11.520 --> 0:07:15.840 and not just you know, birds are fun because they fly, 0:07:16.200 --> 0:07:20.800 like observing them like a little miniature scientist. So she 0:07:20.960 --> 0:07:25.120 had recollections about bringing worms to bed when she was 0:07:25.160 --> 0:07:29.160 a toddler, like one of her first memories. Another was 0:07:29.280 --> 0:07:34.160 when she went to watch a hen laying an egg 0:07:34.360 --> 0:07:37.760 and like document that whole process. Spent five hours in 0:07:37.800 --> 0:07:40.440 a hen house as a young girl, and her parents 0:07:40.480 --> 0:07:42.920 couldn't find her, and her mom, you know, called the cops. 0:07:42.960 --> 0:07:44.280 They thought she had wandered off. 0:07:44.840 --> 0:07:47.600 Yeah, and I saw very pivotally when she was younger. 0:07:47.640 --> 0:07:50.240 I'm not sure what age, but she was a young kid. 0:07:50.320 --> 0:07:53.440 Still she was fascinated with the pigs that she saw 0:07:53.480 --> 0:07:56.360 on the English countryside, and she wanted to hang out 0:07:56.400 --> 0:07:58.680 with them, but they would always run away. So she 0:07:58.760 --> 0:08:01.320 taught herself to be super patient and to sit and 0:08:01.360 --> 0:08:03.800 get them to come closer to her and eventually feed 0:08:03.840 --> 0:08:06.280 them and won their trust that way, and that would 0:08:06.320 --> 0:08:11.200 later serve her very well when she started to study chimpanzees. 0:08:11.960 --> 0:08:15.840 Yeah, and in fact, that patient's in the documentary you 0:08:15.840 --> 0:08:19.480 know you mentioned Lewis Leaky. He was a very famous 0:08:19.480 --> 0:08:23.960 paleontologist and anthropologist who gave her her break in the 0:08:24.120 --> 0:08:27.320 nineteen fifties when she met him in Kenya. I guess 0:08:27.320 --> 0:08:30.680 we should say she got there because she graduated from 0:08:30.760 --> 0:08:32.280 high school and was like, you know what, I'm not 0:08:32.320 --> 0:08:34.600 gonna we can't afford college. I'm gonna go get a 0:08:34.640 --> 0:08:37.640 couple of jobs, hustle save money so I can go 0:08:37.679 --> 0:08:41.400 to Africa and study on my own. But she got there, 0:08:41.440 --> 0:08:43.960 and Leaky she said part of the reason she got 0:08:44.000 --> 0:08:48.560 the job was because he wanted someone with monumental patients. 0:08:49.320 --> 0:08:52.640 I ease, somebody who would sit there for what ended 0:08:52.720 --> 0:08:56.880 up being five months before she even saw chimpanzees. 0:08:56.960 --> 0:09:00.200 Basically, man, that guy would be like a senior VP 0:09:00.360 --> 0:09:04.520 at ZIP recruiter, just based on that one pick he made. Yeah, 0:09:04.559 --> 0:09:08.080 for sure, if you were around today, did you like that? 0:09:08.080 --> 0:09:11.120 That was a little buzz marketing for one of our advertisers. 0:09:11.960 --> 0:09:14.280 They haven't been around in a while, so okay, well 0:09:14.280 --> 0:09:15.280 for maybe they'll come back. 0:09:17.320 --> 0:09:20.760 So yeah, Lewis leaky. Apparently she started out as a 0:09:20.760 --> 0:09:24.200 secretary for him, right, yeah, And then I guess he 0:09:24.240 --> 0:09:26.280 found out that she wanted to do animal studies, and 0:09:26.320 --> 0:09:28.320 he said, okay, here's your chance. I'm going to send 0:09:28.320 --> 0:09:31.440 you to Tanzania to study chimpanzees. We don't know much 0:09:31.440 --> 0:09:35.040 about chimpanzees. We want you to go find out all 0:09:35.080 --> 0:09:38.880 about them. And so, at age twenty six in nineteen sixty, 0:09:39.040 --> 0:09:42.800 she arrived in Tanzania with her mom. Because the Tanzanian 0:09:42.840 --> 0:09:45.160 government I believe it was still a colonial government at 0:09:45.160 --> 0:09:49.320 the time, if not then at least a transitional government. Still, 0:09:49.800 --> 0:09:53.920 they required a chaperone for someone in her position, so 0:09:54.000 --> 0:09:56.319 she brought her mom along, who'd been a great supporter 0:09:56.400 --> 0:09:58.640 and booster all her life, like you said, And they 0:09:58.679 --> 0:10:01.480 also very importantly had an cook who was a local 0:10:01.600 --> 0:10:05.720 named Dominic and within a very short amount of time, 0:10:06.040 --> 0:10:10.240 both her mom and she came down with malaria and 0:10:10.280 --> 0:10:12.520 they were very fortunate to have Dominic from what I saw, 0:10:12.679 --> 0:10:14.400 because he helped nurse them back to health. 0:10:15.160 --> 0:10:18.079 Yeah, for sure, he was a big He's kind of 0:10:18.120 --> 0:10:19.760 like part of the family from what I gathered. 0:10:19.880 --> 0:10:20.960 That's what I gathered too. 0:10:21.640 --> 0:10:25.000 This is at the Gombi Stream Game Reserve which is 0:10:25.000 --> 0:10:29.040 now the Gombi Stream National Park, and her mom didn't 0:10:29.080 --> 0:10:31.000 stay too long. She was there about four months. But 0:10:31.600 --> 0:10:33.440 while her mom was there, she helped set up a 0:10:34.400 --> 0:10:38.200 either set up or work with medical camp there to 0:10:38.280 --> 0:10:42.560 help provide you know, medical services to locals. So her 0:10:42.600 --> 0:10:46.240 mom was getting in there getting her hands dirty. Eventually 0:10:46.320 --> 0:10:50.360 would leave to go back to England and Jane stayed there. 0:10:51.200 --> 0:10:56.160 You know, she was not with Leaky. He didn't like 0:10:56.200 --> 0:10:57.840 stay there with her. He set her up with his 0:10:57.960 --> 0:11:02.680 job also apparently was you know, making passes at Erica's 0:11:03.320 --> 0:11:05.839 Jane Goodall and this kind of popped that throughout her 0:11:05.880 --> 0:11:09.800 career was a very pretty young scientist at a time 0:11:09.840 --> 0:11:13.280 when that was fairly unusual, I think, especially where she 0:11:13.400 --> 0:11:16.640 was located. And she was like, no, thank you, doctor Leaky. 0:11:16.640 --> 0:11:19.920 I'm not interested, but I appreciate you. You you know 0:11:20.679 --> 0:11:23.920 trust in trusting this position to me at least, but 0:11:24.040 --> 0:11:24.840 hands off. 0:11:24.920 --> 0:11:26.960 He said, that's what That's just what I wanted to hear. 0:11:27.320 --> 0:11:29.120 Yeah, yeah, I'm sure he wanted to hear just that. 0:11:29.760 --> 0:11:32.120 So apparently she got set up with six months of 0:11:32.200 --> 0:11:35.360 funding initially, and she started to get really worried because 0:11:35.360 --> 0:11:38.199 at least three months passed and she was spending all 0:11:38.280 --> 0:11:42.680 day every day with a couple of locals who were 0:11:42.880 --> 0:11:45.439 walking her around the jungle looking like pointing out like 0:11:45.480 --> 0:11:47.240 this would probably be a pretty good place for chimps 0:11:47.240 --> 0:11:48.840 to show up. This tree has a bunch of fruit 0:11:48.880 --> 0:11:51.880 on it. They'd sit around. The chimps wouldn't show up. 0:11:52.080 --> 0:11:54.959 They did show up, they were covered up by leaves. 0:11:54.960 --> 0:11:57.360 She couldn't see what they were doing if she got 0:11:57.520 --> 0:11:59.400 if she moved to get a little closer so she 0:11:59.440 --> 0:12:02.240 could get about, they would all run away. That was 0:12:02.320 --> 0:12:05.840 when she saw them, Like she was her research was 0:12:05.880 --> 0:12:09.720 in great jeopardy. She was, you have to have chimps 0:12:09.760 --> 0:12:13.840 to study to get more funding and continue your research. 0:12:13.920 --> 0:12:15.600 So she was starting to get worried by month three 0:12:15.679 --> 0:12:21.880 or four. And I guess finally she won the trust 0:12:22.000 --> 0:12:25.720 of at least one group enough that they wouldn't run 0:12:25.800 --> 0:12:27.920 off when she would just kind of show up and 0:12:28.000 --> 0:12:30.760 hang out and feed or watch them feed. And I 0:12:30.800 --> 0:12:32.680 saw that one of the reasons, or one of the 0:12:32.679 --> 0:12:35.360 ways that she won the trust of the chimpanzee groups 0:12:35.400 --> 0:12:38.079 that she was observing was by kind of behaving like them, 0:12:38.280 --> 0:12:41.240 Like she ran around barefoot everywhere. She would hang out 0:12:41.240 --> 0:12:43.640 in the trees for a long periods of time and 0:12:43.800 --> 0:12:47.120 just kind of tried to treat them or behave as 0:12:47.120 --> 0:12:51.080 if they were her peers rather than study subjects or 0:12:51.080 --> 0:12:52.080 test subjects. 0:12:52.440 --> 0:12:55.839 Yeah, I mean, she those one. At one point in 0:12:55.880 --> 0:12:58.680 the documentary, she's talking about the dangers of where she 0:12:58.920 --> 0:13:02.160 was and these poison snakes everywhere, and you know, all 0:13:02.240 --> 0:13:04.400 manner of ways in which you could die out there 0:13:04.400 --> 0:13:07.080 doing what she was doing, and she was and it 0:13:07.120 --> 0:13:09.280 didn't sound naive either. She just said, you know, I 0:13:09.320 --> 0:13:12.240 felt like I was supput And she's got that great 0:13:12.240 --> 0:13:14.600 British accent too, so it just everything sounds so great. 0:13:15.240 --> 0:13:16.920 But she said she felt like she was supposed to 0:13:16.920 --> 0:13:21.719 be there, and that if she just treaded carefully and 0:13:23.400 --> 0:13:26.200 respected the land and the creatures around her, then they 0:13:26.240 --> 0:13:29.360 would like allow her to stay there, like these snakes 0:13:29.360 --> 0:13:32.600 were not going to come bite her and send her away, 0:13:32.640 --> 0:13:34.760 because she's, like I was, I'm supposed to be here, 0:13:35.360 --> 0:13:37.280 And it was really kind of a lovely thing. She 0:13:37.400 --> 0:13:42.040 really seemed like she fit in such that finally, five 0:13:42.040 --> 0:13:45.880 months in, with time running out, a chimp named David 0:13:45.920 --> 0:13:49.559 Graybeard obviously she's giving them these names, and he had 0:13:49.559 --> 0:13:51.960 a kind of looked like me a little bit. He had, 0:13:51.960 --> 0:13:55.600 this little gray Beard trusted her. He was the first 0:13:55.679 --> 0:13:57.760 one of that group allowed her to get closer and 0:13:57.800 --> 0:14:02.000 closer and closer. He eventually alsome bananas, came back for 0:14:02.120 --> 0:14:05.840 more bananas, and he was the one that said to 0:14:05.880 --> 0:14:09.080 the other chimps, hey, this lady, she's not too bad. 0:14:09.120 --> 0:14:09.920 Look at her. 0:14:10.200 --> 0:14:11.680 So we then treat bananas. 0:14:11.880 --> 0:14:16.280 She's hanging out and the footage of her and we'll 0:14:16.280 --> 0:14:18.040 get to whether or not this was the correct thing 0:14:18.120 --> 0:14:20.840 or not later, but the footage of her dead, still 0:14:21.120 --> 0:14:24.080 holding bananas out in her hand and seeing these very 0:14:24.200 --> 0:14:27.760 large chimpanzees coming up and taking them from her hands, 0:14:27.760 --> 0:14:32.880 and the way she's acting is is breathtaking because nobody 0:14:33.000 --> 0:14:33.960 had done that before. 0:14:34.480 --> 0:14:37.480 Yeah, I was gonna say today you could see somebody 0:14:37.520 --> 0:14:39.480 doing that, And the reason why you could see someone 0:14:39.520 --> 0:14:41.640 doing this, because Jing Goodall was the first to do 0:14:41.760 --> 0:14:44.240 it exactly. She had no idea. She had no frame 0:14:44.280 --> 0:14:46.920 of reference for whether they were going to be violent 0:14:47.000 --> 0:14:49.280 toward her or whether they were going to throw their 0:14:49.280 --> 0:14:51.960 poop better or whatever. She had no idea. So that 0:14:52.080 --> 0:14:55.640 was a real risk that she was taking by interacting 0:14:55.680 --> 0:14:58.440 with them that directly. And then in addition to it 0:14:58.480 --> 0:15:03.040 being risky, it was driving any academic who was aware 0:15:03.040 --> 0:15:07.560 of her work completely baddie, because that is a big 0:15:07.960 --> 0:15:12.320 nice man. That's not at all what you do. Not 0:15:12.360 --> 0:15:14.440 only do you not like get attached to them, you 0:15:14.480 --> 0:15:17.640 certainly don't feed them, you don't interact with their infants, 0:15:18.200 --> 0:15:21.240 don't you don't give them names. That was another one, 0:15:21.400 --> 0:15:24.240 David Graybeard. Yes, I'm gonna go with you and assume 0:15:24.280 --> 0:15:27.080 that that wasn't his actual name, that she gave them 0:15:27.080 --> 0:15:30.160 that name. And that was driving like academics crazy, like 0:15:30.200 --> 0:15:33.600 she was doing everything wrong, and yet it was starting 0:15:33.640 --> 0:15:35.840 to really pay off in aces. 0:15:36.240 --> 0:15:39.400 Yeah, they're like, you're not supposed to name Jimps And 0:15:39.480 --> 0:15:43.360 she's like, have you ever bet at a gym? Jump right? 0:15:43.600 --> 0:15:46.480 It's like it's working, Yeah, it really, and it really 0:15:46.480 --> 0:15:50.120 did work, Like thanks largely thanks to David Graybeard, at 0:15:50.200 --> 0:15:52.960 least at first who who, like you said, said this 0:15:53.040 --> 0:15:57.040 lady's all right? And then her patience and then her 0:15:57.080 --> 0:16:00.480 feeding them an endless supply of bananas. All those three 0:16:00.520 --> 0:16:03.120 combined to win over the trust of large groups and 0:16:03.160 --> 0:16:05.320 families of chimpanzees. 0:16:06.200 --> 0:16:08.920 Should we take a break, I think we should. All right, 0:16:09.080 --> 0:16:11.240 We'll be right back with moron. Do you know who? 0:16:11.600 --> 0:16:12.120 Right after this? 0:16:38.360 --> 0:16:43.040 Okay, Chuck, So, Jane Goodall is feeding chimps bananas. At 0:16:43.040 --> 0:16:47.360 this point, she's named them, named all of them. I mean, 0:16:47.400 --> 0:16:49.600 she really kind of had to get very creative with 0:16:49.680 --> 0:16:53.160 the names because she would identify a family lineage by 0:16:54.080 --> 0:16:58.200 like a letter, so like the F family, all of 0:16:58.240 --> 0:17:02.200 the members for generations had first names that began with F, 0:17:02.880 --> 0:17:07.320 like Flow or Flossy or Fabian or Freud, and that's 0:17:07.320 --> 0:17:10.720 how she kept track of them. But again, other academics 0:17:10.760 --> 0:17:14.320 would have just given them numbers, like maybe they all 0:17:14.359 --> 0:17:16.399 started with the same number or something like that, but 0:17:16.520 --> 0:17:21.160 certainly not names. And from observing them that closely, and 0:17:21.280 --> 0:17:25.600 I guess, I guess interacting with them probably had a 0:17:25.600 --> 0:17:28.200 lot to do with it. But interacting with them allowed 0:17:28.240 --> 0:17:31.320 her to get that close, and by interacting that closely, 0:17:31.359 --> 0:17:33.480 she was able to see things that up to that 0:17:33.520 --> 0:17:37.520 point people had no idea chimpanzees were capable of. One 0:17:37.520 --> 0:17:39.080 of the first things she realized is that they have 0:17:39.119 --> 0:17:48.480 a huge, intricate, complex social system with hierarchies, like I said, families, alliances, territories, 0:17:48.520 --> 0:17:50.399 like all sorts of stuff that people just did not 0:17:50.520 --> 0:17:53.120 realize chips were capable of engaging in. 0:17:53.920 --> 0:17:57.880 Yeah, big time. Communication wise, she found out there were 0:17:58.240 --> 0:18:01.960 at least twenty different sets that they were making to communicate, 0:18:02.480 --> 0:18:05.280 and that's in addition to any kind of body language 0:18:05.480 --> 0:18:08.720 or behaviors they may exhibit towards one another. She was 0:18:08.760 --> 0:18:12.080 the first person that said, hey, these guys aren't just 0:18:12.160 --> 0:18:17.000 eating bananas and berries and things. They are omnivores. They're 0:18:17.040 --> 0:18:22.600 eating birds, they're eating insects, they're eating baby baboons. Sometimes 0:18:22.680 --> 0:18:25.120 she would figure this out later, much to her dismay, 0:18:25.119 --> 0:18:29.000 they would eat other chimps. But the big finding that 0:18:29.040 --> 0:18:32.040 she came out with that kind of shook signs to 0:18:32.080 --> 0:18:38.520 its core was that she observed chimpanzees engaging in object modification, 0:18:39.119 --> 0:18:43.320 which is basically sort of proto tool making, when they 0:18:43.359 --> 0:18:46.879 would take blades of grass and sticks and things and 0:18:46.920 --> 0:18:50.119 strip them down or bend them, or clump blades of 0:18:50.160 --> 0:18:53.480 grass together and shape them in certain ways to stick 0:18:53.560 --> 0:18:58.320 into ant hills most effectively and efficiently to draw out 0:18:58.359 --> 0:19:01.520 ants to eat them. And she was like, hey, wait 0:19:01.560 --> 0:19:05.760 a minute, Like, the big differentiator up until this point 0:19:05.840 --> 0:19:10.040 in the history of evolution between us and them is 0:19:10.040 --> 0:19:13.280 that we use tools. That's all everyone talked about was 0:19:13.320 --> 0:19:15.439 that we use tools and animals don't, and that's what 0:19:15.480 --> 0:19:17.840 makes us different. She's like, right here in front of 0:19:17.880 --> 0:19:21.960 my face, they are using object modification, which is basically 0:19:22.040 --> 0:19:22.440 a tool. 0:19:22.920 --> 0:19:25.720 Yeah, like you just you said it. It shook the 0:19:25.800 --> 0:19:29.760 scientific world to its foundations. Like that was just such 0:19:29.800 --> 0:19:33.400 a huge finding that Lewis Leaky declared very famously that 0:19:33.760 --> 0:19:38.680 we must redefined tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans. 0:19:39.560 --> 0:19:41.240 Like that's how big of a deal. 0:19:41.320 --> 0:19:41.560 It was. 0:19:41.760 --> 0:19:44.439 Dramatic, it was, But I mean, up to that point, 0:19:44.520 --> 0:19:49.120 like you said, people just tools made a human. Anything 0:19:49.160 --> 0:19:52.679 that could make a tool technically qualified as human. Everything 0:19:52.680 --> 0:19:54.560 else couldn't make tools. So it was a big deal. 0:19:54.800 --> 0:19:57.440 And then on top of that, to me, even more 0:19:57.480 --> 0:20:02.600 groundbreaking is that they realized that different groups of chimps 0:20:03.200 --> 0:20:07.359 use the same tool in different ways, and that like 0:20:07.440 --> 0:20:10.400 say one group would use the short stick to get 0:20:10.480 --> 0:20:13.720 termites on it to eat them one by one. Another 0:20:13.720 --> 0:20:15.480 group would use a longer stick to let a bunch 0:20:15.520 --> 0:20:17.800 of them walk on and then eat it like a 0:20:17.880 --> 0:20:22.280 corn cob probably, and that they would pass how to 0:20:22.359 --> 0:20:25.359 do that down to different generations. And that's culture and 0:20:25.359 --> 0:20:29.520 its most basic definition that qualifies as culture. And I 0:20:29.560 --> 0:20:35.520 saw it compared to how Westerners use forks, but people 0:20:35.520 --> 0:20:38.640 in Asia use chopsticks. They're both the same tool they're 0:20:38.720 --> 0:20:40.880 used to they're implement to get food to your mouth, 0:20:41.359 --> 0:20:43.399 but they're just different and they're passed down through the 0:20:43.400 --> 0:20:46.679 culture their cultural differences. And that's the same thing with 0:20:46.760 --> 0:20:49.719 the different ways of using a termite stick, right, And 0:20:49.800 --> 0:20:53.640 that is culture. So she discovered that chimps have cultures as. 0:20:53.560 --> 0:20:57.720 Well, and some of them open their presence on Christmas Eve, 0:20:58.480 --> 0:21:02.040 some of them wait until Christmas more or all kinds 0:21:02.040 --> 0:21:02.920 of things she observed. 0:21:03.200 --> 0:21:06.760 Yeah, that was a big surprise too. They're terrible at 0:21:06.760 --> 0:21:08.680 wrapping presents too, they're so sloppy. 0:21:09.359 --> 0:21:12.080 Another big surprise, Well, they just used the funny papers 0:21:12.080 --> 0:21:15.800 from Sunday, which can you blame them. Another big surprise 0:21:15.880 --> 0:21:20.080 was in nineteen sixty two when National Geographic then Geo 0:21:20.160 --> 0:21:24.520 Society that is, sent a filmmaker, a Dutch filmmaker name 0:21:24.720 --> 0:21:29.040 Hugo von Lowick there to film her work. She was 0:21:29.080 --> 0:21:33.359 not thrilled at this idea. She really enjoyed her solitude there. 0:21:33.400 --> 0:21:36.520 She did not want some dude mucking up the works 0:21:37.080 --> 0:21:41.119 and kind of quite honestly spoiling her scene that she 0:21:41.200 --> 0:21:43.600 had going on there. She really enjoyed climbing trees and 0:21:43.640 --> 0:21:47.160 being alone and not having to deal with some jerk 0:21:47.359 --> 0:21:49.879 with a camera. But she knew that's where the funding 0:21:49.920 --> 0:21:52.280 came from. They needed this footage if she was going 0:21:52.320 --> 0:21:55.199 to continue to get funding. She put up with the 0:21:55.200 --> 0:21:59.280 sky chainsmoking and throwing his cigarette butts around in the jungle, 0:22:00.000 --> 0:22:03.520 which upset her very much, But she was like, this 0:22:03.600 --> 0:22:07.840 guy really loved animals. He was also handsome, and she 0:22:07.920 --> 0:22:10.320 said it became pretty obvious pretty soon that I was 0:22:11.200 --> 0:22:15.040 also the subject of his films. Long story short, they 0:22:15.080 --> 0:22:17.920 fall in love and make a baby. 0:22:18.280 --> 0:22:21.160 Right that they nicknamed Grub. Did you see anywhere why 0:22:21.200 --> 0:22:23.359 they nicknamed their kid Grub? I could not find it. 0:22:24.000 --> 0:22:25.919 I would assume because of a grubworm. 0:22:26.760 --> 0:22:27.760 But what did he do? 0:22:27.920 --> 0:22:28.000 Like? 0:22:28.080 --> 0:22:30.840 Did he was he famous for writhing around in the 0:22:30.880 --> 0:22:32.719 dirt or something like that. Why would you name your 0:22:32.760 --> 0:22:34.080 kid grub well? 0:22:34.119 --> 0:22:35.919 I mean this kid was raised in the jungle. I 0:22:35.920 --> 0:22:39.679 imagine all he did was writhe around in the dirt. Okay, 0:22:40.040 --> 0:22:43.200 I mean there's footage of him. He was literally raised 0:22:43.200 --> 0:22:47.199 in a jungle in a cage. Sounds bad, but it 0:22:47.240 --> 0:22:50.159