1 00:00:00,800 --> 00:00:04,040 Speaker 1: Welcome to the Bloomberg Markets Podcast. I'm Paul Sweeney, alongside 2 00:00:04,040 --> 00:00:06,920 Speaker 1: my co host Matt Miller. Every business day, we bring 3 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:11,520 Speaker 1: you interviews from CEOs, market pros, and Bloomberg experts, along 4 00:00:11,520 --> 00:00:15,600 Speaker 1: with essential market moving news. Find the Bloomberg Markets Podcast 5 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:18,439 Speaker 1: on Apple Podcasts or wherever you listen to podcasts, and 6 00:00:18,480 --> 00:00:22,520 Speaker 1: at Bloomberg dot com slash podcast. Right now, I want 7 00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:27,640 Speaker 1: to go to uh Charlestown, Massachusetts and talk to Adam Sacks. 8 00:00:27,640 --> 00:00:31,640 Speaker 1: He's the CEO and co founder of Vicarious, which is 9 00:00:31,680 --> 00:00:36,800 Speaker 1: a robotic surgery startup backed by Bill Gates and looking 10 00:00:36,800 --> 00:00:39,960 Speaker 1: at us spack um, Adam, I gotta say, as a 11 00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:42,879 Speaker 1: lifelong motorcyclist, I'm a big fan of surgery. Is this 12 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:45,640 Speaker 1: the kind of thing that I would need after, you know, 13 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:50,360 Speaker 1: running into a pickup truck? Hey, guys, thanks so much 14 00:00:50,360 --> 00:00:53,840 Speaker 1: for having me out. Um so, uh well, let's hope 15 00:00:53,880 --> 00:00:56,960 Speaker 1: that never happened. But we're you know, we're targeting pretty 16 00:00:56,960 --> 00:01:02,880 Speaker 1: broad applications across abdominal surgery. Uh so you know, yeah, absolutely, 17 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:06,319 Speaker 1: I think there are multiple procedures that are emergent procedures. 18 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 1: I'm imagining a robot like from short circuit standing over 19 00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:13,840 Speaker 1: an operating table, and I'm sure that's not what it's like, 20 00:01:14,200 --> 00:01:15,679 Speaker 1: what do you what do you do? And you also 21 00:01:15,720 --> 00:01:18,360 Speaker 1: make it possible for doctors to use kind of a 22 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:23,679 Speaker 1: virtual reality look at the inner abdominal space. Yeah, exactly. 23 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:26,600 Speaker 1: So you know what we essentially do it vicarious surgical 24 00:01:26,720 --> 00:01:31,680 Speaker 1: is we're creating a tiny little robot that goes inside 25 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:36,160 Speaker 1: of your abdominal cavity and allows the surgeon to connect 26 00:01:36,319 --> 00:01:39,680 Speaker 1: to the robot using hand controllers in a VR headset 27 00:01:39,760 --> 00:01:42,680 Speaker 1: that they wear. It essentially becomes, you know, their avatar 28 00:01:42,720 --> 00:01:47,160 Speaker 1: inside the body. They're they're they're beamed inside of their patients. Uh, 29 00:01:47,200 --> 00:01:50,520 Speaker 1: and it allows for a you know, a much much better, 30 00:01:50,720 --> 00:01:54,120 Speaker 1: much more immersive approach for the surgeon, gives them a 31 00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:57,080 Speaker 1: lot better spatial awareness, a lot better ability to operate 32 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:00,640 Speaker 1: once they're inside. This is as compared to you know, 33 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:03,520 Speaker 1: the two main alternatives that exist today, which you're either 34 00:02:04,600 --> 00:02:08,800 Speaker 1: either open surgery sort of the classic way of performing surgery, 35 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:12,200 Speaker 1: where a surgeon will make one large incision and open 36 00:02:12,240 --> 00:02:16,120 Speaker 1: the patient up that that incision is associated with complication 37 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:18,919 Speaker 1: rates that by the way, it's still the dominant way 38 00:02:18,919 --> 00:02:23,200 Speaker 1: of operating today, or robotic well and Adam, that's the 39 00:02:23,200 --> 00:02:26,280 Speaker 1: way patients are used to getting surgery right, having a 40 00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:29,680 Speaker 1: doctor physically be there in the room performing the surgery themselves. 41 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:31,680 Speaker 1: What do you think do you think there's a barrier 42 00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:35,440 Speaker 1: in people being willing to have a robot do this 43 00:02:35,520 --> 00:02:39,920 Speaker 1: kind of thing instead. Well, I say this is you know, 44 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:43,200 Speaker 1: one of the handful of areas where sometimes it actually 45 00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:46,880 Speaker 1: is best to be the second entrant to the market. Uh. There, 46 00:02:46,880 --> 00:02:49,760 Speaker 1: you know that there's an incumbent here in robotic surgery 47 00:02:49,880 --> 00:02:54,480 Speaker 1: that has developed a system. They perform about three percent 48 00:02:54,639 --> 00:02:58,600 Speaker 1: of the applicable procedures, which gives us a tremendous amount 49 00:02:58,639 --> 00:03:02,239 Speaker 1: of white space while still being about a million procedures 50 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:05,120 Speaker 1: per year. I mean, surgery is an incredibly large market. 51 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:07,480 Speaker 1: They're performed all over, all over the country and all 52 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:11,480 Speaker 1: over the world. So there's already been you know, uh 53 00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:15,919 Speaker 1: comfort over the last twenty years grown in in robotic surgery, 54 00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:19,240 Speaker 1: while at the same time, the incumbents have not addressed 55 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:23,480 Speaker 1: h the real needs of surgains and patients. So you're 56 00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:26,520 Speaker 1: going to combine with the spack the transaction combines the company, 57 00:03:26,880 --> 00:03:29,760 Speaker 1: the transaction values of the company. I should say at 58 00:03:29,919 --> 00:03:34,000 Speaker 1: a one point one billion dollars. It's um going to 59 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:36,480 Speaker 1: provide you with about four or twenty five million in cash. 60 00:03:36,520 --> 00:03:38,040 Speaker 1: What are you gonna do with the with the money? 61 00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:43,080 Speaker 1: Is this all going to R and D and then deployment? Yeah, 62 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: So the point where we're at now is uh, you know, 63 00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:49,240 Speaker 1: much more development than research, kind of finishing up the 64 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 1: final development all we've we've been at this full time 65 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:57,040 Speaker 1: for seven years, and we've reinvented the way surgical robotics 66 00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:59,800 Speaker 1: work actually from you know, from truly the ground up, 67 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:04,360 Speaker 1: the actuator level of so uh, less than half of 68 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:07,640 Speaker 1: the money total that the proceeds in this transaction will 69 00:04:07,680 --> 00:04:11,520 Speaker 1: be used for development, really refining the features and then 70 00:04:11,520 --> 00:04:14,600 Speaker 1: getting through the regulatory halfway so that we can get 71 00:04:14,640 --> 00:04:20,000 Speaker 1: our systems to hospitals, the surgeons into patients. UM. Half 72 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:22,080 Speaker 1: of the money, more than half of the money actually 73 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:25,120 Speaker 1: will be used to drive the commercial effort and the 74 00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:28,279 Speaker 1: growth and revenue that you've seen our in our projection. 75 00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:30,600 Speaker 1: Do you work do you work with Bill Gates on this? 76 00:04:30,680 --> 00:04:34,880 Speaker 1: What's it like working with Bill Gates? I? Uh, you know, 77 00:04:34,920 --> 00:04:37,640 Speaker 1: we we've had the pleasure of meeting him a handful 78 00:04:37,680 --> 00:04:40,080 Speaker 1: of times and actually pitching this to him in person. 79 00:04:40,200 --> 00:04:43,320 Speaker 1: But you know, I wouldn't say we worked you know, 80 00:04:43,480 --> 00:04:45,640 Speaker 1: cater tate with him at all. We we give him 81 00:04:45,720 --> 00:04:49,119 Speaker 1: updates on what we're doing. Adam quickly, I just quickly 82 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:50,760 Speaker 1: want to ask, we only have about a minute left, 83 00:04:50,760 --> 00:04:53,679 Speaker 1: but why a speck Did you look at taking another 84 00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:56,000 Speaker 1: route to the public markets? Did you look at doing 85 00:04:56,040 --> 00:04:59,960 Speaker 1: an I p O. Yeah, the answer is of course. 86 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:04,560 Speaker 1: But you know, I think facts give unique advantage in 87 00:05:04,760 --> 00:05:07,200 Speaker 1: that they have, you know, the cash and trust combined 88 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:10,160 Speaker 1: with the SPAC sponsor who brings you know, UH, their 89 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:13,640 Speaker 1: own set of expertise and experiences, especially in our case 90 00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:16,599 Speaker 1: having you know that the former CEO of the Shaw 91 00:05:16,720 --> 00:05:20,240 Speaker 1: Asia being the stack promote and all the public market 92 00:05:20,279 --> 00:05:23,280 Speaker 1: experience that comes with that, and their ability to do 93 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:26,400 Speaker 1: deep diligence, send surgeons out to try our system to 94 00:05:26,480 --> 00:05:29,680 Speaker 1: do cadaver lab and then to stand behind all of 95 00:05:29,720 --> 00:05:33,599 Speaker 1: their diligence with both their capital and their experience. So 96 00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:36,440 Speaker 1: it's it's uh. I think that there's a real place 97 00:05:36,520 --> 00:05:40,480 Speaker 1: for spacts UH in the world, and we're incredibly excited 98 00:05:40,520 --> 00:05:42,920 Speaker 1: to be partnering with d A. And there's a big 99 00:05:42,920 --> 00:05:45,359 Speaker 1: pipe component we should point out. Usually a vote of 100 00:05:45,400 --> 00:05:47,960 Speaker 1: confidence there from the pros. Adam, thanks so much for 101 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:50,920 Speaker 1: joining us. Adam Sacks, CEO and co founder of Vicarious 102 00:05:51,040 --> 00:05:56,680 Speaker 1: Taker will be r B O T. Don't want to 103 00:05:56,680 --> 00:06:00,520 Speaker 1: bring in strip classis. He is the principal director of 104 00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:05,080 Speaker 1: research at the John Burns real estate consulting firm out 105 00:06:05,080 --> 00:06:10,400 Speaker 1: in Irvine, California. And um, Rick, I am desperately seeking 106 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:14,760 Speaker 1: a home in Westchester, New York. Uh as soon as 107 00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:17,760 Speaker 1: I can convince my wife we're moving back state side. 108 00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:20,719 Speaker 1: And um, I've noticed that the prices are a lot 109 00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:23,360 Speaker 1: higher than they were when I left five years ago. 110 00:06:23,640 --> 00:06:27,800 Speaker 1: Are we in a housing bubble? Yeah? So good luck 111 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:32,839 Speaker 1: with that search, good luck to really anybody across the country. UM. 112 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:34,400 Speaker 1: You know, we put out a paper on this a 113 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:37,120 Speaker 1: couple of weeks ago called Investormania two point oh. And 114 00:06:37,240 --> 00:06:38,880 Speaker 1: you know, I think it's important take a step back 115 00:06:38,880 --> 00:06:41,720 Speaker 1: and just really just hit on the head. I mean, 116 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:45,159 Speaker 1: housing fundamentals are the strongest in decades, and we expect 117 00:06:45,240 --> 00:06:47,360 Speaker 1: to boom over the next few years. But our view 118 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:51,159 Speaker 1: is that we are in the early stages of a bubble, 119 00:06:51,680 --> 00:06:55,080 Speaker 1: no imminent risk of a collapse, and honestly, the next 120 00:06:55,120 --> 00:06:56,720 Speaker 1: two years are probably gonna be the best years for 121 00:06:56,760 --> 00:07:00,839 Speaker 1: housing in in a decade. So the word bubble is 122 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:05,479 Speaker 1: a loosely defined term. How do you define bubble and 123 00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:08,560 Speaker 1: what factors are you considering in leading you to this 124 00:07:08,600 --> 00:07:12,920 Speaker 1: conclusion that we could be building towards one? Yeah, I 125 00:07:12,640 --> 00:07:15,200 Speaker 1: I think the one the one element that we don't 126 00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:17,400 Speaker 1: have that is usually check off the box where the 127 00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:21,120 Speaker 1: bubble is crazy wacky mortgage lending. So we don't have 128 00:07:21,160 --> 00:07:23,280 Speaker 1: a knock on both thank goodness. We don't have the 129 00:07:23,360 --> 00:07:26,640 Speaker 1: ninja loans, no income, no job, no assets, um. And 130 00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:29,600 Speaker 1: that's that's the reason why in the paper Investor Media 131 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:34,240 Speaker 1: two point oh one point oh was really the retail 132 00:07:34,280 --> 00:07:39,040 Speaker 1: buyer investor getting five plus mortgages, no equity, no documentation. 133 00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:42,320 Speaker 1: That is not happening as far as we're we're seeing. 134 00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:44,520 Speaker 1: It's much more. And this is the two point oh 135 00:07:44,760 --> 00:07:49,080 Speaker 1: much more of an institutionally backed umbrella of investor groups. 136 00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:51,960 Speaker 1: And so in the paper we identified two hundred plus 137 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:54,760 Speaker 1: and it's pretty eye opening because most of these groups, 138 00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:58,600 Speaker 1: actually the lion's share, did not exist in the last upturn. 139 00:07:58,680 --> 00:08:01,480 Speaker 1: So I can walk you through the categories. It's flippers, 140 00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:04,400 Speaker 1: it's I buyers. I think like the open door off 141 00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:07,600 Speaker 1: the paths of the world, single family rental landlords which 142 00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:12,640 Speaker 1: are now institutionally backed um backed by capital really across 143 00:08:12,720 --> 00:08:16,920 Speaker 1: the world, pension insurance company's sovereign wealth funds, vacation second 144 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:20,040 Speaker 1: home buyers, foreign investors. And then the last one I 145 00:08:20,080 --> 00:08:23,400 Speaker 1: think is when you when you ask that question, bubble um. 146 00:08:23,400 --> 00:08:26,760 Speaker 1: This last category, so the theme of democratization of rental 147 00:08:26,880 --> 00:08:32,120 Speaker 1: investing and all of these alternative fractional ownership crowdfunding groups 148 00:08:32,679 --> 00:08:35,360 Speaker 1: that are advertising themselves kind of like the Robin hoods 149 00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:38,480 Speaker 1: of real estate. That's the thing that worries me, I 150 00:08:38,480 --> 00:08:42,640 Speaker 1: would say the most, Well, dude, for me, this is 151 00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:45,520 Speaker 1: the worst of both worlds, because you're telling me the 152 00:08:45,520 --> 00:08:47,600 Speaker 1: bank is gonna be the bank is going to really 153 00:08:47,640 --> 00:08:52,880 Speaker 1: scrutinize my financials without giving me a mortgage. But prices 154 00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:55,920 Speaker 1: are going up like bubble style, so you know, the 155 00:08:56,800 --> 00:08:59,560 Speaker 1: million dollar house I want is going to cost too 156 00:08:59,640 --> 00:09:03,719 Speaker 1: sick and I'm never going to get a mortgage. Um. 157 00:09:03,800 --> 00:09:06,640 Speaker 1: I mean, do I get with one of these? Uh? 158 00:09:06,720 --> 00:09:08,720 Speaker 1: Do I have to end up renting from one of 159 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:11,040 Speaker 1: these groups? There are big institutions that are going out 160 00:09:11,040 --> 00:09:13,480 Speaker 1: and buying loads of houses and then renting them out 161 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:16,839 Speaker 1: to people. So I have not yet seen a group 162 00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:20,080 Speaker 1: renting out two million dollar plus homes at scale. So 163 00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:21,560 Speaker 1: you tell me if you find that, I would love 164 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:24,599 Speaker 1: to hear that. Um. But but I mean, honestly, I 165 00:09:24,600 --> 00:09:27,000 Speaker 1: mean we you know, we saw the monster housing housing 166 00:09:27,040 --> 00:09:32,000 Speaker 1: numbers this morning, and a big percentage of those homes 167 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:34,480 Speaker 1: and I'm talking single family, they're going to go right 168 00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:37,120 Speaker 1: into the rental pool. And I mean this is just 169 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:39,080 Speaker 1: if you, if you follow with the big public builders 170 00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:41,920 Speaker 1: are saying publicly, I mean they're selling right into those groups. 171 00:09:42,280 --> 00:09:45,120 Speaker 1: The big public single family rental operators are buying ten 172 00:09:45,160 --> 00:09:50,120 Speaker 1: to of their homes straight from home builders. Um. So yeah, 173 00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:53,920 Speaker 1: I do think that the rental market is going to 174 00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:55,920 Speaker 1: capture a lot of this. Well, Rick, I'm glad you 175 00:09:55,960 --> 00:09:58,439 Speaker 1: brought that up. Obviously, the data you're referring to is 176 00:09:58,480 --> 00:10:01,480 Speaker 1: housing starts jumped to night teen point four percent, to 177 00:10:01,559 --> 00:10:04,200 Speaker 1: the highest since two thousand six. That's what the data 178 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:07,080 Speaker 1: revealed this morning. I'm wondering how long you think that 179 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:10,679 Speaker 1: strong construction activity can really continue, though, especially as we 180 00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:14,240 Speaker 1: look at pricing pressures and material costs, supply chain issues, 181 00:10:14,280 --> 00:10:19,000 Speaker 1: all these inflationary conversations are having Yeah, yeah, no. Homebuilders 182 00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:21,880 Speaker 1: are trying their darndest to add some supply to the market, 183 00:10:22,160 --> 00:10:24,240 Speaker 1: and it just it takes a long time. I mean, 184 00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:26,040 Speaker 1: you don't buy land and slow homes on it the 185 00:10:26,080 --> 00:10:29,920 Speaker 1: next day. But I can tell you we're extremely bullish 186 00:10:30,160 --> 00:10:32,480 Speaker 1: the next couple of years. And we've got housing starts 187 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:34,720 Speaker 1: and now I'm stack in single family bulle family here. 188 00:10:34,960 --> 00:10:37,160 Speaker 1: We've got housing starts going up to roughly two million 189 00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:40,120 Speaker 1: four so we we do expect that we're going to 190 00:10:40,200 --> 00:10:45,200 Speaker 1: get back to the oh five six type of construction levels. 191 00:10:45,400 --> 00:10:47,080 Speaker 1: And I think it also comes back to my earlier 192 00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:51,200 Speaker 1: comments on how yes, investors are accelerating this recovery, but 193 00:10:51,320 --> 00:10:54,880 Speaker 1: the backdrop from just the fundamental standpoint is really the 194 00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:57,880 Speaker 1: strongest we've seen in many, many, many years. So there's 195 00:10:57,920 --> 00:11:00,480 Speaker 1: there's a lot of runway here, Rick, where you seeing, 196 00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:06,440 Speaker 1: um the biggest price inflation. So if you're asking on 197 00:11:06,559 --> 00:11:08,800 Speaker 1: markets across the country in terms of home prices, I 198 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:12,640 Speaker 1: would say so nationally, our index and this is March 199 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:17,280 Speaker 1: data is up about fire and this is the resale market. 200 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:19,040 Speaker 1: I mean, if you look at a market like Boise, 201 00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:21,240 Speaker 1: which is all the buzz right now, home presses are 202 00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:23,680 Speaker 1: up three percent year of rear. And that's so if 203 00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:26,439 Speaker 1: you've lived and breathed in in Boise your whole life, 204 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:28,880 Speaker 1: you look around, you're like, this does not make any sense. 205 00:11:29,240 --> 00:11:31,480 Speaker 1: But if you're coming out of California or maybe Matt 206 00:11:31,520 --> 00:11:35,520 Speaker 1: you and New York, Boise it's pretty affordable compared to Westchester. 207 00:11:37,360 --> 00:11:39,959 Speaker 1: Maybe my boss will let me relocate to Boise. That 208 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:43,160 Speaker 1: would actually rule. I would love. I mean, I've never 209 00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:46,280 Speaker 1: been to Boise, but I assume it's amazing having watched 210 00:11:46,280 --> 00:11:48,480 Speaker 1: a lot of Westerns. I think it features heavily in 211 00:11:49,040 --> 00:11:53,040 Speaker 1: Legends of the Fall, the Brad Pitt Anthony Hopkins film. UM. 212 00:11:53,120 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: John thanks so much for joining us. Rick Pelacios there, 213 00:11:55,720 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 1: director of research at John Burns Real Estate. Uh uh 214 00:12:00,840 --> 00:12:06,000 Speaker 1: Rick Pelasio's John Burns Real Estate UM Consulting. Really fascinating story. 215 00:12:06,200 --> 00:12:09,040 Speaker 1: If depressing for someone in the housing market, it's great 216 00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:13,959 Speaker 1: for those of you looking to sell a house. We 217 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:16,600 Speaker 1: just get over now to Lauren Sour she's an associate 218 00:12:16,600 --> 00:12:21,160 Speaker 1: professor of Emergency Medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. 219 00:12:21,679 --> 00:12:26,840 Speaker 1: To talk about UM, the vaccine drive and what's working 220 00:12:26,920 --> 00:12:29,360 Speaker 1: what's not, Lauren, I want to start off with a 221 00:12:29,440 --> 00:12:32,560 Speaker 1: question my producer samaraw Lnga has often asked, but we 222 00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:36,160 Speaker 1: don't really know. UM, I don't really know the answer, 223 00:12:36,200 --> 00:12:39,600 Speaker 1: and we haven't really gotten a solid one. After you 224 00:12:39,640 --> 00:12:45,079 Speaker 1: get vaccinated? Can you still transmit the disease? Can vaccinated 225 00:12:45,160 --> 00:12:49,480 Speaker 1: people still pass it on? It's a great question. I mean, 226 00:12:49,640 --> 00:12:52,199 Speaker 1: I think the reason you haven't gotten satisfying answer is 227 00:12:52,280 --> 00:12:54,679 Speaker 1: because the work is still being done to understand that. 228 00:12:54,800 --> 00:12:58,440 Speaker 1: I know both Fightser and Maderna have studies ongoing where 229 00:12:58,440 --> 00:13:01,080 Speaker 1: they're looking at transmission, and so we do know that 230 00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:04,439 Speaker 1: it protects you against severe disease, protects you against hospitalization. 231 00:13:04,960 --> 00:13:07,960 Speaker 1: And the question you have to, you know, dig into 232 00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:11,720 Speaker 1: a little deeper, using specimens from the UM studies and 233 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:15,920 Speaker 1: ongoing following of participants and their familial cohorts, is to 234 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:18,920 Speaker 1: look at this. And that's the work that's happening right now. 235 00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:22,520 Speaker 1: We think the preliminary data shows that it is transmission blocking, 236 00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:25,000 Speaker 1: at least from I believe it's the Fiser and Maderna 237 00:13:25,440 --> 00:13:28,400 Speaker 1: vaccines that we have preliminary data from UM. But it's 238 00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:30,959 Speaker 1: sort of a wait and see situation where we hope 239 00:13:30,960 --> 00:13:33,200 Speaker 1: to continue to see good data that shows us that 240 00:13:33,280 --> 00:13:35,760 Speaker 1: it is, well, wait for how long, Lauren? I was 241 00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:38,520 Speaker 1: looking at the CDC guidelines about you know what fully 242 00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:42,120 Speaker 1: vaccinated people can and cannot do, and it says until 243 00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:45,959 Speaker 1: more is known to keep socially distancing, etcetera, etcetera. Until 244 00:13:46,080 --> 00:13:49,240 Speaker 1: more is known. Really is the operative line there? How 245 00:13:49,320 --> 00:13:53,600 Speaker 1: long until more is known? Yeah? I think so. We 246 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:56,520 Speaker 1: already have the preliminary study. I believe it was out 247 00:13:56,559 --> 00:13:59,920 Speaker 1: of Israel that shows that the Fiser vaccine might block 248 00:14:00,040 --> 00:14:03,160 Speaker 1: transmission UM, which is promising for the rest of the 249 00:14:03,679 --> 00:14:06,600 Speaker 1: release for both of the m R and A vaccines UM. 250 00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:09,320 Speaker 1: So I think the until more is known is actually 251 00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:11,720 Speaker 1: right around the corner. We continue to learn more and 252 00:14:11,760 --> 00:14:16,160 Speaker 1: more every day about these vaccines UM, and the transmission 253 00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:18,680 Speaker 1: piece is really important, but it's it's also important to 254 00:14:18,679 --> 00:14:22,400 Speaker 1: remember that transmission blocking only happens when you get the vaccine, 255 00:14:22,480 --> 00:14:25,680 Speaker 1: so UM that all of that work is also happening 256 00:14:25,720 --> 00:14:29,160 Speaker 1: to encourage people to get vaccine UM as we continue 257 00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:32,280 Speaker 1: to learn about this piece is really really important. So 258 00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:36,760 Speaker 1: UM making sure that people are reporting if they have 259 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:40,480 Speaker 1: breakthrough cases, going to their doctor, getting tested regularly, all 260 00:14:40,560 --> 00:14:43,360 Speaker 1: that gives us more and more information about whether or 261 00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:46,280 Speaker 1: not we're seeing transmission happening. So, Lauren, I want to 262 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:48,960 Speaker 1: talk about one vaccine in particular, obviously in the news 263 00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:51,800 Speaker 1: this week is Johnson and Johnson's. Are you surprised that 264 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:55,000 Speaker 1: there hasn't been a conclusion out of the CDC and 265 00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:57,560 Speaker 1: the advisory panel yet and that one might not come 266 00:14:57,640 --> 00:15:01,200 Speaker 1: until late next week at the earliest. I think we 267 00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:04,200 Speaker 1: were hoping to see UM out of that meeting that 268 00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:07,400 Speaker 1: just happened UM the day before yesterday. I believe it 269 00:15:07,520 --> 00:15:11,200 Speaker 1: was UM a decision. We understand that, you know, this 270 00:15:11,360 --> 00:15:14,080 Speaker 1: is sort of science happening in real time, and so 271 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:17,440 Speaker 1: where many more people are exposed to the process, but 272 00:15:17,520 --> 00:15:20,520 Speaker 1: it can happen that they want more information. I would 273 00:15:20,560 --> 00:15:23,360 Speaker 1: love to see an outcome out of that next meeting 274 00:15:23,480 --> 00:15:26,040 Speaker 1: for a determination. I think the sooner we can get 275 00:15:26,040 --> 00:15:29,520 Speaker 1: back to giving J and J vaccine, even if it 276 00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:35,720 Speaker 1: is to a slightly different population. The Better Visor's CEO says, 277 00:15:35,720 --> 00:15:38,920 Speaker 1: we'll probably need boosters, maybe even a third dose. I 278 00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:41,960 Speaker 1: just talked this morning to the Cure Vac CEO out 279 00:15:41,960 --> 00:15:45,320 Speaker 1: of Tubing in Germany. He said, it's it's likely as well. 280 00:15:45,440 --> 00:15:47,000 Speaker 1: Are we going to be in a situation where we 281 00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:51,920 Speaker 1: continue to get boosters from these vaccines. Yeah, I think 282 00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:55,160 Speaker 1: that there's a good chance that we will need boosters 283 00:15:55,200 --> 00:15:57,760 Speaker 1: for these vaccines. That that it perhaps it will look 284 00:15:57,840 --> 00:16:00,640 Speaker 1: something along the lines of how we get our vaccine 285 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:04,720 Speaker 1: where the the vaccine strains are are evaluated during the 286 00:16:04,760 --> 00:16:07,640 Speaker 1: course of the year and then updated and boosters are given. 287 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:09,760 Speaker 1: I mean, I think in an ideal world, you could 288 00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:13,560 Speaker 1: even if we see that this booster schedule is similar 289 00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:16,320 Speaker 1: to something like flu, where you could put those vaccines 290 00:16:16,360 --> 00:16:20,080 Speaker 1: together and have one, you know, vaccine that covers both 291 00:16:20,080 --> 00:16:23,520 Speaker 1: flu and covid or um flu covid in RSC, you know, 292 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:26,360 Speaker 1: all the all the all of the the sort of 293 00:16:27,080 --> 00:16:29,960 Speaker 1: seasonal diseases that we might potentially be exposed to that 294 00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:33,280 Speaker 1: we do have vaccine for. It'll take some work. Um 295 00:16:33,360 --> 00:16:36,360 Speaker 1: and you know MODERNA and Fiser are already updating their 296 00:16:36,440 --> 00:16:39,240 Speaker 1: vaccine that I think MODERNA already has an update based 297 00:16:39,280 --> 00:16:42,520 Speaker 1: on UM the B one I believe it's the B 298 00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:46,400 Speaker 1: one one seven variant UM. So the work is happening 299 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:50,040 Speaker 1: to update the vaccines now, right, and then boosters will 300 00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:52,760 Speaker 1: be given. So, Laura, that's the booster. But when it 301 00:16:52,800 --> 00:16:56,160 Speaker 1: comes to just the initial inoculation as many as one 302 00:16:56,200 --> 00:16:59,600 Speaker 1: in three vaccines in the US are going unused in 303 00:16:59,720 --> 00:17:03,120 Speaker 1: some states, some in the South in particular. That's basically 304 00:17:03,120 --> 00:17:06,080 Speaker 1: as signed demand is slowing down. What do you chalk 305 00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:10,280 Speaker 1: that up to? Is that just hesitancy? I think it's 306 00:17:10,280 --> 00:17:12,960 Speaker 1: a mix of hesitancy and access. So the key with 307 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:17,040 Speaker 1: fixing hesitancy is once you convince someone that the vaccine 308 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:18,800 Speaker 1: is safe and effective and that they should get it, 309 00:17:18,840 --> 00:17:20,560 Speaker 1: and they make that decision, you have to make it 310 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:22,800 Speaker 1: available for them, UM and they have to be able 311 00:17:22,800 --> 00:17:24,800 Speaker 1: to get it. So making sure that you have vaccine 312 00:17:24,840 --> 00:17:27,720 Speaker 1: site set up in places that populations that are a 313 00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:30,320 Speaker 1: little harder to reach can access, or people who maybe 314 00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:33,120 Speaker 1: don't have transportation or can't take off work for half 315 00:17:33,119 --> 00:17:36,040 Speaker 1: a day to wait in line at a mass vaccination site, 316 00:17:36,600 --> 00:17:38,480 Speaker 1: making it easy to get the way we do with 317 00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:42,560 Speaker 1: the flu vaccine UM. And so the hesitation piece is 318 00:17:42,600 --> 00:17:45,520 Speaker 1: really going to have to focus on messaging why this 319 00:17:45,600 --> 00:17:48,680 Speaker 1: vaccine is safe, right, reading why it's effective and important, 320 00:17:48,720 --> 00:17:52,000 Speaker 1: but also finding out what what is the barrier for them, 321 00:17:52,040 --> 00:17:54,280 Speaker 1: what would do they have concerns about, and trying to 322 00:17:54,359 --> 00:17:57,119 Speaker 1: answer those concerns. All right, Lauren, thanks very much. Laurence 323 00:17:57,119 --> 00:18:03,639 Speaker 1: hour there from John Johns Hopkins Universe. It as we 324 00:18:03,720 --> 00:18:07,359 Speaker 1: have learned, uh, certainly during this pandemic. Anyone can get 325 00:18:07,440 --> 00:18:12,879 Speaker 1: famous on social media, whether it's TikTok, YouTube or Instagram, 326 00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:15,760 Speaker 1: but it's a lot easier to make a living there 327 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:19,480 Speaker 1: if you're white. Bloomberg's were needed Young In collaboration with Bloomberg, 328 00:18:19,520 --> 00:18:23,840 Speaker 1: Quicktake explores how marketers are under paying black influencers while 329 00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:27,920 Speaker 1: pushing Black lives matter in this program. In this Bloomberg 330 00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:33,240 Speaker 1: Radio special report, when I first started on TikTok, it 331 00:18:33,359 --> 00:18:35,600 Speaker 1: was already a big talk about how much the biggest 332 00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:38,720 Speaker 1: influencer on the app was making at the time. Comparing 333 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:41,120 Speaker 1: that to what I was getting offered, I could tell. 334 00:18:41,880 --> 00:18:45,680 Speaker 1: Twenty two year old Sydney McCrae is an influencer and choreographer. 335 00:18:46,080 --> 00:18:49,359 Speaker 1: She's known widely for creating a viral dance to Magan 336 00:18:49,440 --> 00:18:57,840 Speaker 1: the Stallion six positive club banger Captain Hook. McCray noticed 337 00:18:57,840 --> 00:18:59,879 Speaker 1: a pay gap in the industry yes soon as she 338 00:19:00,160 --> 00:19:03,960 Speaker 1: first started making beauty tutorials on YouTube about a year ago, 339 00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:06,920 Speaker 1: and after the viral post where she explained her dance 340 00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:10,440 Speaker 1: step by step, the popular videos attracted more than four 341 00:19:10,520 --> 00:19:14,760 Speaker 1: hundred thousand likes within weeks of posting. Many of TikTok's 342 00:19:14,800 --> 00:19:19,199 Speaker 1: top stars performed their versions of McRae's choreography, also helping 343 00:19:19,240 --> 00:19:23,879 Speaker 1: the song soar in popularity. Then in April, Megan V. 344 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:28,439 Speaker 1: Stallion herself joined in and McCray started gaining followers by 345 00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:32,400 Speaker 1: the thousands. Now she has one point one million TikTok 346 00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:36,680 Speaker 1: followers and she's verified. But she and other black digital 347 00:19:36,680 --> 00:19:40,480 Speaker 1: content creator said none of that talent or impact mattered 348 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:44,600 Speaker 1: in the multibillion dollar global market for brand endorsement on 349 00:19:44,680 --> 00:19:48,080 Speaker 1: social media. As a content creator, seeing all of the 350 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:51,680 Speaker 1: things that we can do for an artist or a company, 351 00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:55,679 Speaker 1: in receiving such little pay for our artistic creations, it 352 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,400 Speaker 1: was a slap in the face. Really, boy, that's why 353 00:19:58,440 --> 00:20:02,040 Speaker 1: your hairline going tobaccio net. Then there's influencer in sketch 354 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:05,680 Speaker 1: comic Kinney Knox, who started posting videos on the now 355 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:09,680 Speaker 1: defunct six second video app Vine. The twenty two year 356 00:20:09,680 --> 00:20:13,359 Speaker 1: old followers swelled to one point six million, and he 357 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:16,480 Speaker 1: became one of the top creators on the app. Yet 358 00:20:16,520 --> 00:20:20,159 Speaker 1: he did not get any offers for brand deals. But 359 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:23,120 Speaker 1: he noticed his non black peers who didn't have as 360 00:20:23,119 --> 00:20:26,679 Speaker 1: many followers or activity as him did get work with 361 00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:29,199 Speaker 1: the big brands. It was weird because it was like 362 00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:31,800 Speaker 1: I'm going viral with every video, but no company is 363 00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:35,040 Speaker 1: even looking my way. When it comes to twenty five 364 00:20:35,119 --> 00:20:40,160 Speaker 1: year old Landon Moss, this influencer and actor once had 365 00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:43,240 Speaker 1: a huge brand deal with a couple of other influencers 366 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:45,840 Speaker 1: on the same contracts. I come to find out that 367 00:20:45,880 --> 00:20:48,359 Speaker 1: they had made like devil of what I was making, 368 00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:50,879 Speaker 1: and one of them had way less followers. In me, 369 00:20:51,119 --> 00:20:53,120 Speaker 1: it was just weird to me that he had made 370 00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:55,480 Speaker 1: more money than me with less followers. And then to 371 00:20:55,520 --> 00:20:58,439 Speaker 1: think about like what I was originally offered, Like what 372 00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:01,640 Speaker 1: did they offer him? He some up the influencer pay 373 00:21:01,680 --> 00:21:05,879 Speaker 1: gap Like this. Racism isn't exclusive to a certain field, 374 00:21:05,920 --> 00:21:07,679 Speaker 1: and so even when you have new fields like the 375 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:10,960 Speaker 1: influencer industry, it's gonna make its way in there too, 376 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:15,800 Speaker 1: mccraine mos said Knox tell Bloomberg Quick Take. White influencers 377 00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:19,400 Speaker 1: have reposted their work or stolen their ideas which then 378 00:21:19,480 --> 00:21:23,639 Speaker 1: went viral on those accounts, but they the original creators, 379 00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:27,960 Speaker 1: got no credit. People take advantage of like black creatives 380 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:30,199 Speaker 1: like this trend and it's all fun, and then so 381 00:21:30,320 --> 00:21:32,879 Speaker 1: on profits off something that a black career started, and 382 00:21:32,880 --> 00:21:35,639 Speaker 1: then they get praise and fame, and you know, and 383 00:21:35,680 --> 00:21:37,760 Speaker 1: when that's just the piece of us and it doesn't 384 00:21:37,760 --> 00:21:41,000 Speaker 1: stop there. These influencers say they have to be extra 385 00:21:41,040 --> 00:21:44,159 Speaker 1: careful about what they say, where, how they look, what 386 00:21:44,320 --> 00:21:48,880 Speaker 1: causes they support, so they won't offend any of the brands. Meanwhile, 387 00:21:48,960 --> 00:21:52,000 Speaker 1: they say they're white peers get away with more explicit 388 00:21:52,119 --> 00:21:55,680 Speaker 1: posts with merely a slap on the wrist from big brands. 389 00:21:56,359 --> 00:21:58,679 Speaker 1: One of the reasons why it's been such a difficult 390 00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:02,399 Speaker 1: experience for many black creators is because traditionally, in Hollywood, 391 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:06,639 Speaker 1: racial biases have tended to flow from the top. Executives 392 00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:09,760 Speaker 1: hire white directors and producers, who in turn work with 393 00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:14,359 Speaker 1: white casting agents who cast white actors. Whenever black talent 394 00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:18,120 Speaker 1: is considered, it's often for roles or projects that specifically 395 00:22:18,119 --> 00:22:22,760 Speaker 1: require it. Social media companies have often promoted diversity initiatives, 396 00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:31,920 Speaker 1: but in practice they're not much different. Inter Summer, when 397 00:22:31,920 --> 00:22:35,119 Speaker 1: the police killing of George Floyd forced America into a 398 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:39,120 Speaker 1: racial reckoning and sparked an international Black Lives Matter movement, 399 00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:43,040 Speaker 1: brands gained a strong desire to work with black influencers, 400 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:46,280 Speaker 1: and black talent managers started getting more calls for their 401 00:22:46,280 --> 00:22:51,840 Speaker 1: black creators. Knox interpreted those moves this way. Appreciate the 402 00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:54,560 Speaker 1: brands working with the black creators and starting to go 403 00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:57,679 Speaker 1: in that direction, but it wasn't a trend that they 404 00:22:57,680 --> 00:23:01,640 Speaker 1: wanted to work when more black creators because they felt guilty. 405 00:23:01,880 --> 00:23:05,280 Speaker 1: Knox Masson McRae are hoping for a more equitable influencer 406 00:23:05,320 --> 00:23:08,240 Speaker 1: industry going forward. What I hope to see change in 407 00:23:08,119 --> 00:23:12,000 Speaker 1: the industry is the black creatives get the credit that 408 00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:17,240 Speaker 1: we deserve, genuine appreciation for Black creators, not just when 409 00:23:17,240 --> 00:23:20,480 Speaker 1: it's convenient, and even playing field when it comes to 410 00:23:21,359 --> 00:23:24,840 Speaker 1: creators of all colors, specifically black creators, giving them that 411 00:23:25,040 --> 00:23:28,320 Speaker 1: same energy that they're giving the white creators, and they're 412 00:23:28,359 --> 00:23:31,840 Speaker 1: hoping hashtag higher Black Creatives is not just a trend 413 00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:35,639 Speaker 1: or relegated to the diversity section, but baked into the 414 00:23:35,680 --> 00:23:39,360 Speaker 1: culture of brands in New York. I'm rent a Young. 415 00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:44,159 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Radio are many thanks to Ronda Young along with 416 00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:47,080 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Quick Take for that special report and Matt and 417 00:23:47,119 --> 00:23:49,719 Speaker 1: I are so lucky Rnita is joining us now in 418 00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:52,440 Speaker 1: studio or joining me now in studio, I should say 419 00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:55,000 Speaker 1: here in New York, Rnita, it was a great report. 420 00:23:56,760 --> 00:23:59,879 Speaker 1: You're here in spirit, Matt. Where is the sense for 421 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:02,760 Speaker 1: the reporting you did of where the impetus needs to 422 00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:07,320 Speaker 1: come from for this to really change in a sticky way? 423 00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:11,000 Speaker 1: You know, I think that the sense is it needs 424 00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:14,760 Speaker 1: to not only come from a real place, but that 425 00:24:14,760 --> 00:24:17,680 Speaker 1: that's really what people mean when they say intentionality. It 426 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:22,840 Speaker 1: needs to be an intentional elevation of these black talent 427 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:25,959 Speaker 1: and other talent of color to the same level that 428 00:24:26,040 --> 00:24:31,879 Speaker 1: their white counterparts see, experience feel. So what about the 429 00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:35,439 Speaker 1: the income they generate for um, for the platforms. Have 430 00:24:35,520 --> 00:24:41,680 Speaker 1: you seen that black influeners influencers generate the same amount 431 00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:46,199 Speaker 1: of income for a YouTube, for example, than their white counterparts. Well, 432 00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:50,200 Speaker 1: in the article that Sarah Fryer wrote for Bloomberg Business Week, 433 00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:52,920 Speaker 1: it was in our diversity issue, UM, you can see 434 00:24:52,920 --> 00:24:55,800 Speaker 1: that one of the influencers said he made get this 435 00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:59,760 Speaker 1: one tenth what his white counterparts made, and he had 436 00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:04,639 Speaker 1: more followers and more engagement, more content as well. Is 437 00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:08,920 Speaker 1: there pressure from users on the platform for this to change? 438 00:25:08,920 --> 00:25:11,960 Speaker 1: We've seen that, you know, with investments, investors are making 439 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,960 Speaker 1: companies pushed towards e s G. Do TikTok users have 440 00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:18,879 Speaker 1: that same power? You know, that's pretty interesting question there. 441 00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:23,080 Speaker 1: I would imagine that there is a conversation going on 442 00:25:23,160 --> 00:25:27,560 Speaker 1: about that, but I do not know. Uh, definitely, but 443 00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:30,679 Speaker 1: you'd expect something like that to happen, especially as the 444 00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:34,520 Speaker 1: work that you and Sarah Fryer have done gets more play. 445 00:25:35,040 --> 00:25:38,399 Speaker 1: Thanks very much for that report, Rndy Young. Thanks for 446 00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:41,919 Speaker 1: listening to the Bloomberg Markets podcast. You can subscribe and 447 00:25:41,960 --> 00:25:46,040 Speaker 1: listen to interviews at Apple Podcasts or whatever podcast platform 448 00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:49,400 Speaker 1: you prefer. I'm Matt Miller. I'm on Twitter at Matt 449 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:52,959 Speaker 1: Miller three. Put on false Sweeney I'm on Twitter at 450 00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:55,840 Speaker 1: pt Sweeney before the podcast. You can always catch us 451 00:25:55,880 --> 00:25:57,280 Speaker 1: worldwide at Bloomberg Radio.