1
00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:07,240
Speaker 1: Get in touch with technology with text Stuff from how

2
00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:14,600
Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. Hey everyone, and welcome to tech Stuff.

3
00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:19,040
Speaker 1: I'm Jonathan Strickland, and we are going to take another

4
00:00:19,079 --> 00:00:22,600
Speaker 1: look at archaeology. This is our part two on archaeology

5
00:00:22,720 --> 00:00:25,119
Speaker 1: and the tools used in the trade. Yes, in the

6
00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:27,880
Speaker 1: first episode we talked a lot about the history and

7
00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:30,760
Speaker 1: about carbon dating and some of the other dating methods

8
00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:33,480
Speaker 1: that exist for um, for you know, when you've got

9
00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:35,600
Speaker 1: something that you have dug up from the ground, figuring

10
00:00:35,600 --> 00:00:37,720
Speaker 1: out how old it is, and also some of the

11
00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:41,280
Speaker 1: hand tools used for digging stuff up out of the ground. Now,

12
00:00:41,440 --> 00:00:45,159
Speaker 1: that turns out that as technology has advanced, archaeologists have

13
00:00:45,159 --> 00:00:47,960
Speaker 1: figured out ways of applying that technology in their own field.

14
00:00:48,080 --> 00:00:51,280
Speaker 1: And we're starting to see some technologies that are developed

15
00:00:51,280 --> 00:00:56,080
Speaker 1: specifically for archaeological pursuit. There's also a lot of new

16
00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:58,600
Speaker 1: ways of figuring out where in the ground you want

17
00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:01,360
Speaker 1: to dig stuff up. Right, So let's go ahead and

18
00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:03,960
Speaker 1: look at some of the higher text stuff. Now, some

19
00:01:04,120 --> 00:01:08,560
Speaker 1: of it is again basic equipment that has proved itself

20
00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:11,120
Speaker 1: to be really useful in lots of disciplines, so why

21
00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:14,880
Speaker 1: not archaeology. One of those obviously would be cameras. Right,

22
00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:17,240
Speaker 1: as we talked about in the first episode, you do

23
00:01:17,280 --> 00:01:20,280
Speaker 1: a lot of documenting the site when you're doing archaeology

24
00:01:20,360 --> 00:01:22,840
Speaker 1: because it is, by its nature a destructive science. Once

25
00:01:22,880 --> 00:01:25,000
Speaker 1: you have dug up a site and it's never going

26
00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:27,640
Speaker 1: to be the same again, So documenting exactly how you

27
00:01:27,640 --> 00:01:30,679
Speaker 1: found everything is very helpful for the future. Yep, going

28
00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:33,360
Speaker 1: through every single step of the way. Just like as

29
00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:35,720
Speaker 1: you were saying before, Lauren, with a with a crime

30
00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:39,000
Speaker 1: scene where forensics have to come in and document everything.

31
00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:42,400
Speaker 1: It's very much the same sort of principle here, except

32
00:01:42,400 --> 00:01:44,039
Speaker 1: of course we're not looking at a crime. We're looking

33
00:01:44,080 --> 00:01:47,600
Speaker 1: at the evidence of a human settlement at some point

34
00:01:47,680 --> 00:01:50,440
Speaker 1: in the past, and maybe an ancient crime, but not

35
00:01:50,560 --> 00:01:53,000
Speaker 1: really in the same way. Right, it could be some

36
00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:55,760
Speaker 1: fashion crimes. I'm sure there were several of those. It

37
00:01:55,760 --> 00:01:58,840
Speaker 1: would be the ancient version of me pretty much. So. Yeah,

38
00:01:58,960 --> 00:02:01,720
Speaker 1: Cameras would be things like you know, film cameras, digital cameras,

39
00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:04,680
Speaker 1: and not just cameras that take the kind of images

40
00:02:04,720 --> 00:02:07,840
Speaker 1: that we usually take. There's also cameras that might take

41
00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:12,400
Speaker 1: images that are infrared. Now, obviously the version that we

42
00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:14,760
Speaker 1: see would not be an infrared because we wouldn't be

43
00:02:14,800 --> 00:02:17,040
Speaker 1: able to see it, but it would be using infred

44
00:02:17,080 --> 00:02:21,639
Speaker 1: spectrum scaled into into visible spectrum, which that could pick

45
00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:25,200
Speaker 1: up stuff that otherwise we might not see, you know,

46
00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:27,840
Speaker 1: just with the way that our eyes work, you know,

47
00:02:27,880 --> 00:02:30,280
Speaker 1: within the visible spectrum, which is why you would use it. Yeah,

48
00:02:30,440 --> 00:02:32,440
Speaker 1: that's going to be an important part of one of

49
00:02:32,440 --> 00:02:36,079
Speaker 1: our later notes. Um. But also in the kind of

50
00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:40,639
Speaker 1: relatively basic technology section, we've got robots. Yeah. In fact,

51
00:02:40,880 --> 00:02:44,480
Speaker 1: the robots thing is really getting exciting because we've got

52
00:02:44,480 --> 00:02:46,760
Speaker 1: a couple of different options here. You know, you've got

53
00:02:46,760 --> 00:02:49,480
Speaker 1: your your robots that obviously you want to send a

54
00:02:49,560 --> 00:02:51,959
Speaker 1: robot in whenever it's going to be really difficult to

55
00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:54,359
Speaker 1: get people there, or really dangerous to get people there

56
00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:57,280
Speaker 1: if you aren't really sure if the environment is a

57
00:02:57,320 --> 00:03:00,880
Speaker 1: safe one. Obviously, losing a hundred thous and dollar robot

58
00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:03,440
Speaker 1: is a small price to pay compared to putting someone's

59
00:03:03,440 --> 00:03:05,480
Speaker 1: life in danger. Oh sure, or in the kind of

60
00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:09,280
Speaker 1: tight spaces that humans literally cannot get into. Yeah, right,

61
00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:11,840
Speaker 1: so if it could, it might be that perhaps there

62
00:03:11,960 --> 00:03:16,360
Speaker 1: was a natural disaster that has uh sealed off something

63
00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:19,160
Speaker 1: that once was open, and then you know, we can't

64
00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:21,680
Speaker 1: get in there easily now, But a robot could also

65
00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:24,600
Speaker 1: if it's in an area that we can't access because

66
00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:27,200
Speaker 1: there are no more roads that lead up there. Perhaps

67
00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:29,160
Speaker 1: there were roads once upon a time, but they have

68
00:03:29,240 --> 00:03:32,960
Speaker 1: been overgrown and they're they're gone now. Other types of

69
00:03:33,040 --> 00:03:35,600
Speaker 1: robots that people might use are are the actual like

70
00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:39,160
Speaker 1: quad copter, six rotor eight rod, you know, things with

71
00:03:39,440 --> 00:03:41,800
Speaker 1: cameras on them. So yeah, and and all of these

72
00:03:41,840 --> 00:03:43,560
Speaker 1: also have the benefit of being i mean, you know,

73
00:03:43,640 --> 00:03:46,640
Speaker 1: humans are you know, a hundred to three hundred pounds

74
00:03:46,720 --> 00:03:49,160
Speaker 1: or so, and robots canna have a much smaller footprint

75
00:03:49,160 --> 00:03:51,200
Speaker 1: and cause a lot less damage to a to a

76
00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:56,840
Speaker 1: surrounding area. So both of those devices are used pretty

77
00:03:56,880 --> 00:04:00,640
Speaker 1: pretty extensively. Obviously, one of the most import and pieces

78
00:04:00,680 --> 00:04:03,720
Speaker 1: of equipment in an archaeological dig today would be a

79
00:04:03,760 --> 00:04:07,440
Speaker 1: computer because, as it turns out now that as our

80
00:04:07,520 --> 00:04:11,640
Speaker 1: tools have become more sophisticated, we've been able to extract

81
00:04:11,720 --> 00:04:15,800
Speaker 1: a lot more information about the archaeological digs we do. Right,

82
00:04:15,840 --> 00:04:19,239
Speaker 1: So with that information comes a need to be able

83
00:04:19,279 --> 00:04:22,400
Speaker 1: to analyze it and synthesize it and store it and

84
00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:24,919
Speaker 1: and cross reference and i mean, even for the basic

85
00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:27,400
Speaker 1: kinds of information that we were coming up with a

86
00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:30,719
Speaker 1: few hundred years ago. A computer in order to crunch

87
00:04:30,760 --> 00:04:33,719
Speaker 1: those numbers and kind of compare things and try to

88
00:04:33,760 --> 00:04:36,320
Speaker 1: pull similarities and patterns out of the data would have

89
00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:38,920
Speaker 1: been very useful. Sure. And if you want to do

90
00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:42,200
Speaker 1: something even along the lines of using a computer to

91
00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:46,440
Speaker 1: perhaps construct a virtual representation of the site that you're

92
00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:48,520
Speaker 1: looking at, something so that you can kind of see

93
00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:51,320
Speaker 1: what it may have looked like back when it was,

94
00:04:51,839 --> 00:04:55,599
Speaker 1: you know, an actual existing human settlement, obviously a computer

95
00:04:55,680 --> 00:04:58,160
Speaker 1: be really important. So if you if you have you know,

96
00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:02,080
Speaker 1: basic uh information and like the layout of the settlement,

97
00:05:02,120 --> 00:05:05,359
Speaker 1: you know, you've determined where the structures were and what

98
00:05:05,480 --> 00:05:08,120
Speaker 1: the perimeter was of this place, you might be able

99
00:05:08,200 --> 00:05:11,760
Speaker 1: to reconstruct that virtually, which would be an invaluable tool,

100
00:05:11,839 --> 00:05:15,800
Speaker 1: and not just for the purposes of that dig but

101
00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:19,480
Speaker 1: for scholarship further down the line. And we've already seen

102
00:05:19,560 --> 00:05:22,679
Speaker 1: some people kind of play with this in different ways.

103
00:05:22,760 --> 00:05:25,200
Speaker 1: Some ways it's it's a little bit uh, you know,

104
00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:27,400
Speaker 1: I hesitate to use the word easier, but a little

105
00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:31,479
Speaker 1: less there's less work required on an archaeological side of things.

106
00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:33,839
Speaker 1: For example, there have been people who have created the

107
00:05:33,880 --> 00:05:39,440
Speaker 1: Google Earth models of ancient Rome. So a lot of those, uh,

108
00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:44,720
Speaker 1: those examples of ancient architecture are still in Rome. Uh

109
00:05:44,760 --> 00:05:48,040
Speaker 1: in ruins forms of ruins. But but you can still

110
00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:49,560
Speaker 1: see some of it, and so that makes it a

111
00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:52,440
Speaker 1: little bit easier than say a settlement that is currently

112
00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:57,800
Speaker 1: you know, three ft under sand in Egypt. Yes, yes,

113
00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:00,560
Speaker 1: but um, but with with both of the those examples.

114
00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:03,600
Speaker 1: Aren't there some virtual reality kind of applications that are

115
00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:06,800
Speaker 1: coming into use these Yeah, there actually are. There's a

116
00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:11,960
Speaker 1: project specifically called Virtual Environments for Research in Archaeology. This

117
00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:15,200
Speaker 1: was one that I saw on a British journal website

118
00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:18,159
Speaker 1: which is all about using virtual reality to build on

119
00:06:18,200 --> 00:06:23,440
Speaker 1: our understanding of archaeological finds. So again, uh, it's it's

120
00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:26,360
Speaker 1: really to create that full picture literally in this case,

121
00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:29,560
Speaker 1: a virtual picture of an environment, so that we can

122
00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:33,640
Speaker 1: have a closer connection to our ancestors and really understand

123
00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:37,719
Speaker 1: the progress that that humanity has gone through. To walk

124
00:06:37,760 --> 00:06:40,320
Speaker 1: through one of these towns, yeah, you could, you could

125
00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:43,320
Speaker 1: in theory, assuming that your data is good enough, you

126
00:06:43,360 --> 00:06:46,160
Speaker 1: could in theory have a pretty immersive experience. I mean,

127
00:06:46,160 --> 00:06:50,760
Speaker 1: I can even imagine a world where some educational organization

128
00:06:50,839 --> 00:06:53,360
Speaker 1: takes it upon themselves to make a truly kind of

129
00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:56,960
Speaker 1: immersive experience where it's like a virtual tour of these

130
00:06:56,960 --> 00:06:59,719
Speaker 1: ancient landscapes, and then using something like the Oculus rift

131
00:07:00,240 --> 00:07:02,320
Speaker 1: so that you can get sort of a first person

132
00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:04,640
Speaker 1: perspective of what it would have been like to move

133
00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:07,240
Speaker 1: around in such an environment. Now, if you think of

134
00:07:07,279 --> 00:07:09,760
Speaker 1: that as an educational tool that you put in high

135
00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:13,680
Speaker 1: schools where you're no longer just reading about these ancient civilizations,

136
00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:15,320
Speaker 1: but you can actually look around and see what it

137
00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:19,440
Speaker 1: would have looked like. Like I remember reading in art

138
00:07:19,520 --> 00:07:24,640
Speaker 1: history and in other history courses about the ancient Roman structures,

139
00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:28,280
Speaker 1: but until I visited Rome, I really had no concept

140
00:07:28,320 --> 00:07:30,920
Speaker 1: of the scale of these sort of things. Sure, and

141
00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:33,840
Speaker 1: you know, and I mean even those those little kind

142
00:07:33,840 --> 00:07:37,040
Speaker 1: of kind of probably slightly terrible water color drawings in

143
00:07:37,080 --> 00:07:39,400
Speaker 1: my early history books were always my favorite parts, just

144
00:07:39,440 --> 00:07:42,280
Speaker 1: getting to see like, oh, that's what that was like,

145
00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:44,120
Speaker 1: but of course that's not what that was really like.

146
00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:48,200
Speaker 1: So Yeah, these computers obviously very important, not just I mean,

147
00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:50,440
Speaker 1: the virtual environment stuff is really cool. That's a kind

148
00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:52,960
Speaker 1: of the sexy side of the computers. The ones that

149
00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:55,120
Speaker 1: are actually used in the field might not be nearly

150
00:07:55,200 --> 00:07:58,080
Speaker 1: that sophisticated. They're probably a lot more like Excel spreadsheet

151
00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:01,520
Speaker 1: kind of. Yeah, it's about dat collection and storage and

152
00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:06,120
Speaker 1: then eventually analysis. But they are obviously very important tools.

153
00:08:06,640 --> 00:08:09,840
Speaker 1: Some other important tools. Let's get to some surveying equipment.

154
00:08:09,880 --> 00:08:12,560
Speaker 1: And this is probably my favorite device on the whole

155
00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:15,560
Speaker 1: list because it, uh it made me think like it

156
00:08:15,640 --> 00:08:18,960
Speaker 1: it slipped out of a Terry Pratchett Discworld novel or something.

157
00:08:19,920 --> 00:08:22,840
Speaker 1: But the audolite, that's how you say it. I was

158
00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:25,000
Speaker 1: going to wait and let you had to watch a

159
00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:28,600
Speaker 1: video first. In fact, here's the secret here. Originally I

160
00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:30,640
Speaker 1: watched the video just so I can figure out how

161
00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:33,120
Speaker 1: to say the autolite properly instead of saying it like

162
00:08:33,160 --> 00:08:36,720
Speaker 1: theo delight or something. Uh. So I it was. It

163
00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:40,200
Speaker 1: was an English video, as in British English, uh. And

164
00:08:40,360 --> 00:08:42,800
Speaker 1: it was actually describing how to set up a theodolite

165
00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:47,000
Speaker 1: for students, so students of archaeology and uh, not just archaeology.

166
00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:49,840
Speaker 1: It's actually used in a few different disciplines, but how

167
00:08:49,880 --> 00:08:52,240
Speaker 1: students could set one up properly so that they could

168
00:08:52,280 --> 00:08:55,000
Speaker 1: learn how to take the right kind of measurements. And

169
00:08:55,040 --> 00:08:57,200
Speaker 1: these measurements, by the way, which we have not said

170
00:08:57,320 --> 00:09:01,400
Speaker 1: yet are our angles in both horizontal in vertical planes

171
00:09:01,640 --> 00:09:03,679
Speaker 1: as I understand it, but I've got a very poor

172
00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:05,720
Speaker 1: concept how this is laid out. What does it do?

173
00:09:05,800 --> 00:09:09,200
Speaker 1: All right? So let's say that you you establish your

174
00:09:09,320 --> 00:09:11,480
Speaker 1: base point. This is the point where you're setting up

175
00:09:11,480 --> 00:09:14,559
Speaker 1: the theodolite. You actually have to be really really precise

176
00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:16,360
Speaker 1: with this. In other words, the best thing to do

177
00:09:16,480 --> 00:09:19,400
Speaker 1: is to set up something directly underneath the theodolite, which

178
00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:23,280
Speaker 1: is on a tripod. Okay, so it's the theodolite itself

179
00:09:23,360 --> 00:09:25,760
Speaker 1: is kind of like a telescope. It's suspended above this

180
00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:28,559
Speaker 1: point that you have established. Um. It actually has a

181
00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:31,680
Speaker 1: lens that points straight down so that you can, uh,

182
00:09:31,960 --> 00:09:34,720
Speaker 1: you can maneuver it so that it's directly above your

183
00:09:34,760 --> 00:09:36,599
Speaker 1: point of reference. Now, this point of reference is a

184
00:09:36,840 --> 00:09:39,120
Speaker 1: is a a point that you know all the stuff about,

185
00:09:39,160 --> 00:09:41,960
Speaker 1: Like you know exactly where this is in the grand

186
00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:44,800
Speaker 1: scheme of things. Perhaps you have the global positioning units

187
00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:47,080
Speaker 1: for it, so you know exactly where this place is.

188
00:09:47,880 --> 00:09:50,680
Speaker 1: Now you've got at least two other points that you

189
00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:53,000
Speaker 1: want to compare to each other that are off in

190
00:09:53,040 --> 00:09:56,040
Speaker 1: the distance. All right, So the way this would work

191
00:09:56,120 --> 00:09:58,880
Speaker 1: is you would focus in on one of those two points,

192
00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:01,560
Speaker 1: take some measure your mints, focus on the second of

193
00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:04,360
Speaker 1: the two points, take some measurements, compare the two and

194
00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:07,640
Speaker 1: then you know more about the relationship of those two

195
00:10:07,679 --> 00:10:10,360
Speaker 1: points in the distance to each other as well as

196
00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:14,160
Speaker 1: to you. So theodolite is really important to do things

197
00:10:14,200 --> 00:10:16,440
Speaker 1: like measure. Well, mostly it's the angles, but a lot

198
00:10:16,480 --> 00:10:19,360
Speaker 1: of theodolites now also have range finders on them, which

199
00:10:19,360 --> 00:10:21,800
Speaker 1: we'll talk about in a second. But the idea is

200
00:10:21,840 --> 00:10:26,199
Speaker 1: to really establish where things are in relation to each

201
00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:29,640
Speaker 1: other when you're trying to figure out a full excavation site.

202
00:10:29,720 --> 00:10:33,560
Speaker 1: So you might say, let's say that the main temple

203
00:10:33,920 --> 00:10:37,880
Speaker 1: of an ancient city was in this one part and

204
00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:42,040
Speaker 1: the house of the the ruler is in this other part,

205
00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:46,040
Speaker 1: and by that you're starting to establish relationships culturally, not

206
00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:50,080
Speaker 1: just archaeologically, not just you know, architecturally or anything like that,

207
00:10:50,440 --> 00:10:52,720
Speaker 1: but you're you're starting to draw some other social and

208
00:10:52,760 --> 00:10:57,439
Speaker 1: cultural implications from this information. This is what the theodolite

209
00:10:57,480 --> 00:11:01,040
Speaker 1: helps you do. It gets that quantifiable data that you

210
00:11:01,040 --> 00:11:03,199
Speaker 1: can use to start building on this other stuff that

211
00:11:03,280 --> 00:11:08,000
Speaker 1: might be more humanity related as opposed to scientifically related. So, uh,

212
00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:10,800
Speaker 1: it allows you to look at the horizontal or vertical plane,

213
00:11:10,840 --> 00:11:13,760
Speaker 1: meaning that you can tell angles from left to right

214
00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:17,240
Speaker 1: or up and down. So not everything is built on

215
00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:22,319
Speaker 1: a perfectly flat level surface, right, and archaeological digs are

216
00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:25,640
Speaker 1: frequently you know, on on various steps and levels down

217
00:11:25,640 --> 00:11:27,800
Speaker 1: into the ground. Yeah, yeah, you might have. You might

218
00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:30,360
Speaker 1: have houses that were on hills that are on the

219
00:11:30,480 --> 00:11:33,160
Speaker 1: sides of areas that you know, or or that the

220
00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:36,240
Speaker 1: ground has shifted in the intervening years. And so the

221
00:11:36,240 --> 00:11:40,040
Speaker 1: theodolite allows you to have very precise measurements of where

222
00:11:40,080 --> 00:11:43,400
Speaker 1: these different points of reference are in relation to each other.

223
00:11:43,880 --> 00:11:47,040
Speaker 1: And uh, the I'll try and link. I'll make sure

224
00:11:47,040 --> 00:11:50,280
Speaker 1: I link a video when we maybe a little after

225
00:11:50,320 --> 00:11:51,880
Speaker 1: this podcast goes out, because I think I'm gonna be

226
00:11:51,920 --> 00:11:53,719
Speaker 1: gone while it does come out. I'll be at c

227
00:11:53,840 --> 00:11:58,320
Speaker 1: E S. But I'll link some videos that show a

228
00:11:58,360 --> 00:12:02,280
Speaker 1: theodolite being used and explaining why it's being used the

229
00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,160
Speaker 1: way it is now. The older theodolites had these glass

230
00:12:05,200 --> 00:12:07,959
Speaker 1: plates on them that actually had the markings on them.

231
00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:10,960
Speaker 1: So one glass plate, for example, would have markings from

232
00:12:11,080 --> 00:12:14,679
Speaker 1: zero to three sixty marking the degrees of the circle right,

233
00:12:15,240 --> 00:12:17,880
Speaker 1: and a second glass plate would essentially just have an

234
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:20,520
Speaker 1: arrow on it, and since they're both clear, you can

235
00:12:20,520 --> 00:12:22,760
Speaker 1: see where the arrow is in relation to the diet. Well. Yeah,

236
00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:24,960
Speaker 1: so you just had to align them and then manually

237
00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:28,000
Speaker 1: take down measurements. I assume that the new models are digital,

238
00:12:28,040 --> 00:12:30,880
Speaker 1: and we'll do that for you exactly. So people who

239
00:12:30,920 --> 00:12:34,000
Speaker 1: are using a very modern theodolite might not have to

240
00:12:34,559 --> 00:12:36,760
Speaker 1: be quite as I mean, you still have to be

241
00:12:36,840 --> 00:12:38,719
Speaker 1: very careful the way you set it up, but you

242
00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:40,960
Speaker 1: might not have to be quite as careful in the

243
00:12:41,080 --> 00:12:43,600
Speaker 1: use of it in these older ones. I was watching

244
00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:45,800
Speaker 1: this and it was interesting. It was so intricate. I mean,

245
00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:48,600
Speaker 1: it looks like a telescope that simply can pivot up

246
00:12:48,640 --> 00:12:51,040
Speaker 1: and down and left and right. That's all it looked

247
00:12:51,080 --> 00:12:53,280
Speaker 1: like just at first glance. But then when you see

248
00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:56,360
Speaker 1: all the individual parts that turn relative to each other

249
00:12:56,679 --> 00:12:59,480
Speaker 1: so that you can actually take down these measurements, it's

250
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:03,480
Speaker 1: pretty phenomenal how complex it is at any rate. And

251
00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:06,440
Speaker 1: eventually it's just so that you can figure out angles,

252
00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:09,520
Speaker 1: Like it's like, wow, this is a really complicated thing

253
00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:12,640
Speaker 1: just to figure out the angles. But it is very

254
00:13:12,679 --> 00:13:16,640
Speaker 1: important to establish the relationship of these different structures within

255
00:13:16,640 --> 00:13:20,640
Speaker 1: an excavation site. Moving on, we I mentioned range finders

256
00:13:20,640 --> 00:13:24,160
Speaker 1: and electronic distance meter as an example, which uses some

257
00:13:24,320 --> 00:13:29,240
Speaker 1: form of electromagnetic signal to establish how far away a

258
00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:32,280
Speaker 1: reference point is from the device itself. So you can

259
00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:35,200
Speaker 1: even have handheld versions of this where this is something

260
00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:38,280
Speaker 1: that sends out a signal and then UH counts. It

261
00:13:38,360 --> 00:13:40,360
Speaker 1: counts the time that it takes for a signal bounds

262
00:13:40,400 --> 00:13:43,640
Speaker 1: back right, and because we know how fast the signal travels,

263
00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:47,200
Speaker 1: that means you can determine how far away that object is.

264
00:13:47,600 --> 00:13:50,760
Speaker 1: Another very similar piece of technology of this is the

265
00:13:50,840 --> 00:13:54,560
Speaker 1: light are sometimes called a laser range finder YEP. Light

266
00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:58,760
Speaker 1: detection and ranging UH usually is using pulses of laser light.

267
00:13:58,840 --> 00:14:01,400
Speaker 1: It's not always laser, but more frequently than not it is,

268
00:14:02,120 --> 00:14:05,360
Speaker 1: and so it's using these very short pulses of laser

269
00:14:05,440 --> 00:14:10,480
Speaker 1: light to shoot out at whatever the reference area is,

270
00:14:10,760 --> 00:14:13,800
Speaker 1: you know, whatever you're aiming at. It hits, that bounces back,

271
00:14:13,840 --> 00:14:16,480
Speaker 1: comes back. Same sort of thing as the electronic distance meter.

272
00:14:16,880 --> 00:14:19,560
Speaker 1: It finds the distance based upon the time it took

273
00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:22,560
Speaker 1: for the light to leave the device and reflect off

274
00:14:22,600 --> 00:14:26,920
Speaker 1: of the object and hit the receiver return senor so

275
00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:29,400
Speaker 1: once you've done that, then you can actually say, oh,

276
00:14:29,480 --> 00:14:33,400
Speaker 1: so this is that far away. And obviously again to

277
00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:37,040
Speaker 1: establish what the parameters are for any site, this sort

278
00:14:37,080 --> 00:14:41,360
Speaker 1: of stuff is really important. Yeah, and then those those uh, infrared,

279
00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:45,040
Speaker 1: microwave or or ultrasound devices could possibly be used for

280
00:14:45,160 --> 00:14:47,880
Speaker 1: stuff that's that's underground it's filled in, like in the

281
00:14:47,920 --> 00:14:51,560
Speaker 1: case of vesuvious. Sure, yeah, you can actually have electromagnetic

282
00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:55,120
Speaker 1: radiation that will penetrate the ground and reflect off of stuff,

283
00:14:55,160 --> 00:14:57,720
Speaker 1: and it really works well if you have a uniform

284
00:14:57,840 --> 00:15:00,320
Speaker 1: type of soil, like if there's a lot of different

285
00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:03,320
Speaker 1: stuff in the soil, then you can get some corrupted readings.

286
00:15:03,400 --> 00:15:05,800
Speaker 1: You know, you might too much static. Yeah, it's like

287
00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:09,480
Speaker 1: it's like if you went into a um, you know,

288
00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:11,880
Speaker 1: a beach, and you're using a metal detector and you're

289
00:15:11,920 --> 00:15:15,800
Speaker 1: looking for some sort of coins there, but someone has

290
00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:18,600
Speaker 1: thoughtfully gone in there and dropped a whole bunch of

291
00:15:18,640 --> 00:15:23,400
Speaker 1: just worthless chunks. Yeah, yeah, something that the mel detector

292
00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:26,760
Speaker 1: would pick up but would be totally worthless. And yeah,

293
00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:28,680
Speaker 1: you'd be detecting lots of stuff, but none of it

294
00:15:28,680 --> 00:15:31,640
Speaker 1: would be valuable. Same sort of thing with this stuff.

295
00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:36,000
Speaker 1: If the ground is not in uniform uh kind of consistency,

296
00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:38,520
Speaker 1: thank you, then you could have some real problems. And

297
00:15:38,560 --> 00:15:41,520
Speaker 1: of course ledar won't penetrate the ground at all. It's

298
00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:43,800
Speaker 1: it's light based, so it'll just reflect right back off.

299
00:15:43,960 --> 00:15:46,200
Speaker 1: But these other ones like you mentioned totally would work

300
00:15:46,200 --> 00:15:48,600
Speaker 1: and in fact do work. But still all of these

301
00:15:48,600 --> 00:15:52,360
Speaker 1: are very useful for um, for collecting that precise data

302
00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:54,760
Speaker 1: that is going to help out research down the line.

303
00:15:54,840 --> 00:15:59,080
Speaker 1: As you are systematically destroying your excavation site right now.

304
00:15:59,120 --> 00:16:03,360
Speaker 1: These approaches right here are a little less uh destructive

305
00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:08,000
Speaker 1: than saying too. But obviously it would be really important

306
00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:10,000
Speaker 1: when you want to do something like build that virtual

307
00:16:10,080 --> 00:16:12,600
Speaker 1: environment we talked about earlier. You have to have all

308
00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:14,760
Speaker 1: these facts and figures to do that. Yeah, and and

309
00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:17,440
Speaker 1: before I mean, once you've got this this data set down,

310
00:16:17,680 --> 00:16:19,680
Speaker 1: you can feel a little bit more comfortable going in

311
00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:22,240
Speaker 1: and kind of must mucking stuff up knowing that you've

312
00:16:22,280 --> 00:16:25,880
Speaker 1: already got the original locations of everything laid out. It's

313
00:16:26,320 --> 00:16:28,720
Speaker 1: never gonna be the way it was back in the day, folks,

314
00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:32,200
Speaker 1: we just have to resolve ourselves to that. Um. I think,

315
00:16:32,320 --> 00:16:35,160
Speaker 1: isn't that the good thing about technology? Well, I'm just

316
00:16:35,200 --> 00:16:38,280
Speaker 1: saying the archaeological site itself is never going to be perceived.

317
00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:42,400
Speaker 1: So once we've established what what what what it was

318
00:16:42,480 --> 00:16:45,240
Speaker 1: before we started getting really down and dirty, I think

319
00:16:45,240 --> 00:16:48,880
Speaker 1: we're all right. You know, there's there's this one part

320
00:16:48,920 --> 00:16:52,040
Speaker 1: of me who's like, we shouldn't disturb that because that's

321
00:16:52,040 --> 00:16:54,520
Speaker 1: historically important. But I think, well, then if we don't

322
00:16:54,520 --> 00:16:56,840
Speaker 1: disturb it, we don't learn any We don't learn anything.

323
00:16:58,040 --> 00:16:59,960
Speaker 1: And I think as long as you're you're not running

324
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:03,600
Speaker 1: around chatting it belongs in a museum, then you know, basically,

325
00:17:03,640 --> 00:17:05,280
Speaker 1: I'm gonna have to really think on this, Lauren, I'm

326
00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:08,679
Speaker 1: gonna have to really take this into consideration. So I

327
00:17:08,720 --> 00:17:11,159
Speaker 1: think in order for me to really have the time

328
00:17:11,200 --> 00:17:13,720
Speaker 1: to think about this deeply, we need to take a

329
00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:17,840
Speaker 1: quick break to thank our sponsor. Okay, we're back, and uh,

330
00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:21,919
Speaker 1: for those of you who are wondering what my conclusion was,

331
00:17:22,880 --> 00:17:24,960
Speaker 1: uh yeah, let's just rip it all up. Let's just

332
00:17:25,040 --> 00:17:27,720
Speaker 1: rip it all up. Okay, So moving on. Now, we've

333
00:17:27,720 --> 00:17:31,520
Speaker 1: talked about surveying equipment, Let's talk about geophysical equipment, which

334
00:17:31,520 --> 00:17:34,959
Speaker 1: in some ways is similar, but there are other means

335
00:17:35,080 --> 00:17:38,840
Speaker 1: of making sure that the place that you're you're exploring

336
00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:43,359
Speaker 1: does in fact have some sort of archaeological significance. And

337
00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:45,720
Speaker 1: one of the first things that we can talk about

338
00:17:45,720 --> 00:17:51,000
Speaker 1: our resistivity meters, checking the resistance, the electrical resistance of

339
00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:52,760
Speaker 1: an area, and you might first thing like, wow, that's

340
00:17:52,800 --> 00:17:54,960
Speaker 1: kind of weird. You're checking to see you know, isn't

341
00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:58,479
Speaker 1: the ground ground like, isn't it non conductive? And therefore

342
00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:01,040
Speaker 1: you don't it doesn't help at all. No, Well, I

343
00:18:01,040 --> 00:18:03,760
Speaker 1: mean that that sounds kind of like a really fancy

344
00:18:03,800 --> 00:18:06,320
Speaker 1: metal detector. It kind of is, it kind of is.

345
00:18:06,440 --> 00:18:09,000
Speaker 1: So the idea is that you're you're measuring for the

346
00:18:09,040 --> 00:18:13,160
Speaker 1: electrical potential between an inner pair and an outer pair

347
00:18:13,240 --> 00:18:18,359
Speaker 1: of electrodes or multiple electrodes that are across a region. Okay,

348
00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:22,720
Speaker 1: so they're all kind of um testing to see what

349
00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:26,640
Speaker 1: the conductivity of that particular area happens to be. So,

350
00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:31,119
Speaker 1: if there is conductive material, then by measuring that resistance,

351
00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:34,520
Speaker 1: you can determine, oh, there's something organic here, or perhaps

352
00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:38,119
Speaker 1: there's something metal here that could indicate a human settlement

353
00:18:38,119 --> 00:18:41,600
Speaker 1: was once here. If you start to detect less or

354
00:18:42,119 --> 00:18:46,160
Speaker 1: more resistance and less conductivity, that's an indication that there

355
00:18:46,200 --> 00:18:49,600
Speaker 1: could be something that's blocking the signal. That could be

356
00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:52,880
Speaker 1: like a stone wall. So if now, if it's exactly

357
00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:55,040
Speaker 1: what it should be based upon your knowledge of the

358
00:18:55,080 --> 00:18:57,120
Speaker 1: soil in the area, that's an indication that there's nothing

359
00:18:57,160 --> 00:18:59,000
Speaker 1: there and that maybe you don't need to waste your

360
00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:01,320
Speaker 1: time dagging down there, that maybe you need to move

361
00:19:01,480 --> 00:19:05,160
Speaker 1: a hundred feet off to the right or something. So there,

362
00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:08,080
Speaker 1: you know, it's really to kind of establish what is

363
00:19:08,119 --> 00:19:11,000
Speaker 1: a good place to to actually say this is where

364
00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:16,199
Speaker 1: the excavation site is going to be. So uh, it

365
00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:18,399
Speaker 1: is sort of like a male detector. There's another one

366
00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:22,800
Speaker 1: called the electro magnetic conductivity instrument, which is essentially creating

367
00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:27,280
Speaker 1: an electric current in ascending coil. So we've talked about

368
00:19:27,280 --> 00:19:31,480
Speaker 1: this so many times, Lauren. The idea of an electric

369
00:19:31,520 --> 00:19:35,160
Speaker 1: current running through uh, like especially an alternating electric current,

370
00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:38,000
Speaker 1: creates a magnetic field, like a fluctuating magnetic field, and

371
00:19:38,080 --> 00:19:43,440
Speaker 1: magnetic fields when uh fluctuating, if they're near a conductor,

372
00:19:43,720 --> 00:19:47,960
Speaker 1: will induce electricity to flow. So that's the general idea.

373
00:19:48,040 --> 00:19:51,960
Speaker 1: You've got this this probe that starts an electric current

374
00:19:52,080 --> 00:19:56,720
Speaker 1: that allows this magnetic field to affect anything that's conductive

375
00:19:56,720 --> 00:19:59,679
Speaker 1: in the area. So if there's something conductive in the soil,

376
00:20:00,119 --> 00:20:03,000
Speaker 1: it'll start to have an electric charge run through it.

377
00:20:03,119 --> 00:20:06,119
Speaker 1: And so by trying to by using an instrument the

378
00:20:06,160 --> 00:20:09,480
Speaker 1: detects an electric charge. You can therefore determine whether or

379
00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:12,040
Speaker 1: not there's something of interest down the soil. Right, So

380
00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:15,480
Speaker 1: that's why this thing is has got a sending coil

381
00:20:15,560 --> 00:20:18,560
Speaker 1: and a receiving coil. The receiving coil is to detect

382
00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:21,920
Speaker 1: any of that other electric charge that might be happening

383
00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:25,480
Speaker 1: in the regions. So it's an interesting approach. It's not

384
00:20:25,560 --> 00:20:30,160
Speaker 1: as precise as the resistivity meters, but it is another

385
00:20:30,240 --> 00:20:33,000
Speaker 1: kind of approach to similar to that of a metal

386
00:20:33,040 --> 00:20:35,840
Speaker 1: detector um. In fact, I'll go ahead and mention mele detectors.

387
00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:37,359
Speaker 1: We've talked about those before. I think we did a

388
00:20:37,359 --> 00:20:39,960
Speaker 1: full episode of mele detectors, if I'm not mistaken. I

389
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:43,880
Speaker 1: don't think that we did personally, but perhaps you encristed

390
00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:47,800
Speaker 1: could have been. It might be. It might be you know,

391
00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:50,240
Speaker 1: you look like a librarian law and I'm sorry, it's

392
00:20:50,240 --> 00:20:55,520
Speaker 1: just you know. Anyway, So male detectors use electromagnetic induction.

393
00:20:56,520 --> 00:21:00,640
Speaker 1: So that's again a way of detecting con the materials.

394
00:21:00,640 --> 00:21:03,119
Speaker 1: In fact, there are male detectors. They're so sensitive they

395
00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:07,399
Speaker 1: can distinguish between different types of conductive metals. So you

396
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:10,640
Speaker 1: would be able to tell right away using a male detector,

397
00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:12,960
Speaker 1: assuming it's the right type. I mean, not all male

398
00:21:13,040 --> 00:21:15,680
Speaker 1: detectors are created equally, but assuming it's the right type,

399
00:21:15,680 --> 00:21:17,440
Speaker 1: you would be able to tell very quickly what type

400
00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:19,440
Speaker 1: of metal you are detecting. And if it's a type

401
00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:23,120
Speaker 1: that you weren't expecting to find, that could mean lots

402
00:21:23,119 --> 00:21:25,119
Speaker 1: of different things. It could mean that the site has

403
00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:28,160
Speaker 1: been corrupted, it could mean that there's some other geological

404
00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:31,680
Speaker 1: thing going on that is giving you false readings, all right,

405
00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:35,520
Speaker 1: because any of these um electromagnetic devices could probably be

406
00:21:35,600 --> 00:21:38,160
Speaker 1: thrown off by by wiggins in the area. Oh yeah,

407
00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:40,560
Speaker 1: if you've got something that's really magnetic in the area,

408
00:21:40,640 --> 00:21:42,399
Speaker 1: that could definitely throw things off, you know. Or if

409
00:21:42,400 --> 00:21:45,800
Speaker 1: you've got a lot of just natural um metal deposits

410
00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:50,040
Speaker 1: like ores or whatever, that could also throw things off. So, uh,

411
00:21:50,119 --> 00:21:53,600
Speaker 1: you know, knowing knowing geological facts about the area you're

412
00:21:53,640 --> 00:21:56,360
Speaker 1: excavating would be really important because you would know the

413
00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:59,359
Speaker 1: odds of running into that type of stuff, So that

414
00:21:59,359 --> 00:22:02,200
Speaker 1: would at least reduce the chance of a false positive

415
00:22:02,200 --> 00:22:04,560
Speaker 1: if you already know what does and doesn't exist in

416
00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:07,960
Speaker 1: that area. Typically, I mean they're always weird cases where

417
00:22:07,960 --> 00:22:10,399
Speaker 1: you're like, wow, no one knew that the world's giant

418
00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:13,639
Speaker 1: natural magnet was directly underneath where we thought there was

419
00:22:13,680 --> 00:22:15,639
Speaker 1: gonna be a lost city, but it could just be

420
00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:19,159
Speaker 1: a copper deposit. I mean, you know. So, Um okay.

421
00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:21,960
Speaker 1: And the last, the last electro magnetic device on our list,

422
00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:26,119
Speaker 1: um is one, the pronunciation of which you have proclaimed

423
00:22:26,119 --> 00:22:28,760
Speaker 1: to be very excited about. Yeah. I proclaimed it because

424
00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:31,560
Speaker 1: I realized that I didn't know what it was. It's magnetometer,

425
00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:34,320
Speaker 1: so not a magnetometer. No, I wanted it to be

426
00:22:34,400 --> 00:22:38,560
Speaker 1: magnetometer so badly. This is where I'm sad that I was.

427
00:22:39,240 --> 00:22:41,760
Speaker 1: I was determined not to show my ignorance. So it's

428
00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:45,000
Speaker 1: a magnetometer. I wanted it to be a magnetometer, and

429
00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:47,400
Speaker 1: I wanted it to be a magnetometer in your heart. Yes,

430
00:22:47,440 --> 00:22:49,680
Speaker 1: it's the leader of the brotherhood of this was that

431
00:22:49,800 --> 00:22:53,880
Speaker 1: the evil brotherhood of mutants meter? No, it's the magnetometer,

432
00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:58,320
Speaker 1: and it's a sensor that measures magnetic fields. So again,

433
00:22:58,480 --> 00:23:01,439
Speaker 1: very similar. We're talking about a lot of electronic electromagnetic

434
00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:05,560
Speaker 1: forces here, but they're all basically looking for similar things,

435
00:23:05,720 --> 00:23:09,680
Speaker 1: just in different ways, right, So electrical resistance versus electrical

436
00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:13,320
Speaker 1: current versus a magnetic field. Again, you're looking to see

437
00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:17,280
Speaker 1: if there's anything that's creating small fluctuations. Now, the Earth's

438
00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:21,240
Speaker 1: magnetic field is pretty predictable, but there's stuff that makes

439
00:23:21,280 --> 00:23:24,600
Speaker 1: the earth magnetic field in very small regions fluctuate in

440
00:23:24,680 --> 00:23:27,719
Speaker 1: subtle ways. So these meters are actually able to detect

441
00:23:27,720 --> 00:23:30,560
Speaker 1: those subtle fluctuations and be able to tell you, hey,

442
00:23:30,600 --> 00:23:34,359
Speaker 1: there's something here that is interrupting what would normally be

443
00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:37,720
Speaker 1: the reading you would expect to find here, which again

444
00:23:37,720 --> 00:23:41,119
Speaker 1: could indicate that there's something that was made by humans

445
00:23:41,119 --> 00:23:44,720
Speaker 1: that's present there. Again, natural deposits could throw that off,

446
00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:47,800
Speaker 1: so it may it's possible that the readings you get

447
00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:50,640
Speaker 1: are actually you know, maybe you're gonna strike it rich

448
00:23:50,760 --> 00:23:54,240
Speaker 1: because you just realized you found a vein of ore

449
00:23:54,520 --> 00:23:59,920
Speaker 1: that's incredibly valuable, but it's not. You might be crying

450
00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:02,760
Speaker 1: ing all the way to the bank, but no, it's

451
00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:07,080
Speaker 1: it's generally used to try and find stuff that that

452
00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:11,919
Speaker 1: humans have made, artifacts that would disrupt that magnetic field

453
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:14,280
Speaker 1: one way or the other. And even stuff that you

454
00:24:14,359 --> 00:24:18,639
Speaker 1: don't think typically as being magnetic can affect a magnetic field.

455
00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:20,159
Speaker 1: So that's why it's important. And then you have to

456
00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:23,840
Speaker 1: have a really sensitive one to detect those small fluctuations. Right,

457
00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:26,120
Speaker 1: it's not just like Ferris iron ore or anything like that.

458
00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:28,119
Speaker 1: It's not just a needle that goes from zero to

459
00:24:28,359 --> 00:24:32,840
Speaker 1: something's magnetic. You know it's gonna it's gonna be really precise. Uh.

460
00:24:32,880 --> 00:24:35,720
Speaker 1: Then you've got a couple of other things. Ground penetrating

461
00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:40,639
Speaker 1: radar GPR. This is an electromagnetic pulse, once again getting

462
00:24:40,640 --> 00:24:43,439
Speaker 1: into the electromagnets, it gets sent into the ground. Stuff

463
00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:45,920
Speaker 1: in the ground reflects the pulse back to the device,

464
00:24:46,480 --> 00:24:50,399
Speaker 1: which the receiver will pick up on once it comes

465
00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:52,600
Speaker 1: back to the device. And so the amount of time

466
00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:54,920
Speaker 1: it took for a pulse to return to the receiver

467
00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:58,159
Speaker 1: indicates the depth of the artifacts and for it to

468
00:24:58,160 --> 00:25:00,199
Speaker 1: work best, you definitely don't want to have a lot

469
00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:02,320
Speaker 1: of conductive material in it, or you're gonna get some

470
00:25:02,359 --> 00:25:05,439
Speaker 1: corrupted data coming back. Okay, So so I missed that

471
00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:08,639
Speaker 1: one on our on our list of electromagnetic devices, But

472
00:25:08,680 --> 00:25:11,159
Speaker 1: that's okay, yeah, because in this case, it's more about

473
00:25:11,320 --> 00:25:14,600
Speaker 1: it's like echolocation. It's more like that than as opposed

474
00:25:14,640 --> 00:25:17,840
Speaker 1: to detecting a charge or detecting a magnetic field. This

475
00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:22,320
Speaker 1: is more like specifically for for for metals. So yeah,

476
00:25:22,359 --> 00:25:25,080
Speaker 1: you're just looking to see is there something that you

477
00:25:25,119 --> 00:25:27,080
Speaker 1: wouldn't expect to be down there? And again this works

478
00:25:27,080 --> 00:25:29,119
Speaker 1: really well on uniform soil because if there are a

479
00:25:29,160 --> 00:25:31,320
Speaker 1: lot of big rocks in the area, that's going to

480
00:25:31,400 --> 00:25:34,480
Speaker 1: reflect those signals back and give you false readings and

481
00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:36,960
Speaker 1: then you might dig and you're like, wow, this rock

482
00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:41,919
Speaker 1: I'm sure has incredible historical significance in some context, just

483
00:25:41,960 --> 00:25:45,560
Speaker 1: not in archaeology. Uh. And then the other big one

484
00:25:45,600 --> 00:25:49,479
Speaker 1: of course being Global Positioning Systems GPS, so that you

485
00:25:49,520 --> 00:25:54,840
Speaker 1: can determine specific coordinates for the excavation site. This is

486
00:25:55,080 --> 00:25:58,960
Speaker 1: obviously really useful so that you can have a planned visit.

487
00:25:59,040 --> 00:26:01,960
Speaker 1: You know, it's not Archaeologists aren't the kind of people

488
00:26:01,960 --> 00:26:03,960
Speaker 1: who just pack up in a suit, you know, a

489
00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:08,520
Speaker 1: backpack and just wander out into the wilderness and then

490
00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:11,800
Speaker 1: hope they find something and then stay and then stay

491
00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:16,240
Speaker 1: there forever until it's done. Like they'll they'll do surveys

492
00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:20,479
Speaker 1: and they'll do uh, they'll do some exploratory searches, and

493
00:26:20,520 --> 00:26:22,600
Speaker 1: they'll they'll look at some other data we're gonna talk

494
00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:25,719
Speaker 1: about in just a second. But they don't necessarily just

495
00:26:25,840 --> 00:26:28,600
Speaker 1: you know, throw a dart at a map and say

496
00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:31,360
Speaker 1: let's go there and then stay there. They usually will

497
00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:35,200
Speaker 1: visit a site, establish some camp. Perhaps they'll just write

498
00:26:35,240 --> 00:26:38,600
Speaker 1: down what the coordinates are, then return to get more

499
00:26:38,680 --> 00:26:42,200
Speaker 1: material so they can do a full excavation. Sure also

500
00:26:42,280 --> 00:26:45,680
Speaker 1: once they're there, measurements can be taken throughout the process

501
00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:48,800
Speaker 1: of a dig to help to help figure out or

502
00:26:48,880 --> 00:26:51,480
Speaker 1: to help note for the record for for future research

503
00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:55,200
Speaker 1: exactly where objects were positioned from from above and from

504
00:26:55,200 --> 00:26:57,960
Speaker 1: the sides. Right, This has definitely become more useful ever

505
00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:02,439
Speaker 1: since UH GPS has has been well, the precision of

506
00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:05,280
Speaker 1: GPS has increased over years. Part of that was an

507
00:27:05,400 --> 00:27:11,160
Speaker 1: artificial leap, right because the the military. Originally the GPS

508
00:27:11,320 --> 00:27:14,560
Speaker 1: was kind of um pioneered by the U. S. Navy,

509
00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:18,200
Speaker 1: I believe, and UH and and they originally put kind

510
00:27:18,200 --> 00:27:20,879
Speaker 1: of a cap on how precise it was going to

511
00:27:20,920 --> 00:27:24,399
Speaker 1: be for for consumer end users, right, because they didn't

512
00:27:24,440 --> 00:27:29,240
Speaker 1: want consumers to be able Specifically, they didn't want other states,

513
00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:32,920
Speaker 1: other states being able to determine where things like military

514
00:27:32,920 --> 00:27:36,280
Speaker 1: installations were with precision. I mean that would be terrible

515
00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:40,959
Speaker 1: to give us potential enemies a direct line of of

516
00:27:41,320 --> 00:27:45,000
Speaker 1: you know, site essentially from a satellite point of view

517
00:27:45,359 --> 00:27:48,760
Speaker 1: of where your stuff was. But now that's all been lifted.

518
00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:51,400
Speaker 1: So that's why you are able to use a GPS

519
00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:54,920
Speaker 1: device in your car and be able to get precise

520
00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:58,760
Speaker 1: directions as opposed to somewhere in the next three feet

521
00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:00,639
Speaker 1: there will be a turn either to the left or

522
00:28:00,680 --> 00:28:05,479
Speaker 1: the right. Take it less useful, Yeah, not as useful,

523
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:10,240
Speaker 1: more philosophical. So yeah, that brings us into satellites. So

524
00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:15,920
Speaker 1: beyond just GPS, satellites have become really important in archaeology

525
00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:21,240
Speaker 1: because they have unveiled potential excavation sites that people had

526
00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:24,800
Speaker 1: just not ever been able to see in the in

527
00:28:24,880 --> 00:28:29,840
Speaker 1: the you know, honestly, we've got we've got stuff. In

528
00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:32,920
Speaker 1: Egypt is a great example right there. There are sites

529
00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:36,840
Speaker 1: in Egypt that are covered in sand that have been

530
00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:40,120
Speaker 1: for thousands upon thousands of years, and they're they're really remote,

531
00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:43,200
Speaker 1: so it's not like it's a place that someone could

532
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:45,480
Speaker 1: have accidentally fallen upon it just because they have to

533
00:28:45,520 --> 00:28:48,280
Speaker 1: be going from point A to point B, which totally happens.

534
00:28:48,360 --> 00:28:51,240
Speaker 1: You know, kids playing under trees, for example, have led

535
00:28:51,280 --> 00:28:55,000
Speaker 1: to major archeological finds. Yeah yeah, but in some cases

536
00:28:55,160 --> 00:28:58,480
Speaker 1: they're just miles away from anything else of modern society,

537
00:28:58,880 --> 00:29:01,800
Speaker 1: and so satellites started to pick up on things that

538
00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:05,360
Speaker 1: archaeologists have found very useful. They will go back and

539
00:29:05,400 --> 00:29:08,960
Speaker 1: review satellite imagery, especially if they have a general idea

540
00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:12,400
Speaker 1: of where a site might be, like within let's say,

541
00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:16,160
Speaker 1: given a hundred square mile range, that's a huge range

542
00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:19,080
Speaker 1: to cover on foot, but on satellite that's pretty simple

543
00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:21,560
Speaker 1: to take a look at then, so you might pour over.

544
00:29:21,600 --> 00:29:24,120
Speaker 1: You could spend hundreds of hours looking at this stuff

545
00:29:24,400 --> 00:29:28,160
Speaker 1: trying to find any sort of patterns or examples of

546
00:29:28,240 --> 00:29:31,800
Speaker 1: something that could indicate an old settlement is there. Um

547
00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:36,120
Speaker 1: and and also non visible spectrum ranges at the thermal

548
00:29:36,200 --> 00:29:39,280
Speaker 1: infrared in in particular, I think can be really instrumental

549
00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:43,920
Speaker 1: in determining where wear sites like this might be. Yeah. Yeah.

550
00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:46,680
Speaker 1: There have been lots of examples of using infrared imaging

551
00:29:47,080 --> 00:29:51,800
Speaker 1: to see the different densities of sand in an area,

552
00:29:51,920 --> 00:29:53,800
Speaker 1: or even soil. I mean it's not I say sand

553
00:29:53,800 --> 00:29:56,920
Speaker 1: because it's easy to imagine when you think of Egypt,

554
00:29:57,560 --> 00:30:00,480
Speaker 1: but this this applies to spaces all of of the world.

555
00:30:00,760 --> 00:30:02,360
Speaker 1: But if you are able to see that there are

556
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:05,400
Speaker 1: different densities, that suggests that there could be something that's

557
00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:09,480
Speaker 1: buried underneath the surface which could require a closer look.

558
00:30:09,520 --> 00:30:13,560
Speaker 1: And in some cases, I've seen pictures of archaeologists who

559
00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:17,680
Speaker 1: are able to take UH an infrared image and then

560
00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:21,280
Speaker 1: map out what looks to be a full human settlement,

561
00:30:21,320 --> 00:30:23,960
Speaker 1: like a city. In fact, that an old capital of

562
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:28,360
Speaker 1: Egypt called Tennis was discovered this way, Yeah, well it was.

563
00:30:28,400 --> 00:30:31,200
Speaker 1: It was further explored UM and Tannis is one of

564
00:30:31,240 --> 00:30:33,680
Speaker 1: the ones that was made famous by Indiana Jones and

565
00:30:33,960 --> 00:30:37,040
Speaker 1: The Raiders of the Lost Dark UM. But UH. In

566
00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:40,680
Speaker 1: two thousand eleven, a University of Alabama archaeologist named Sarah

567
00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:44,080
Speaker 1: Parrock and her team used used this imaging UM from

568
00:30:44,440 --> 00:30:48,360
Speaker 1: NASA and commercial satellites to discover like seventeen pyramids, over

569
00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:51,960
Speaker 1: a thousand tombs, and over three thousand ancient settlements in Egypt.

570
00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:55,760
Speaker 1: That's pretty incredible, I mean, being able to discover this stuff.

571
00:30:55,800 --> 00:30:58,920
Speaker 1: And as I understand, you saw a video of her

572
00:30:58,960 --> 00:31:00,880
Speaker 1: talking about this, right, Yeah, she has a really cool

573
00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:03,320
Speaker 1: ted talk about it. Really short one actually a good

574
00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:05,800
Speaker 1: five minutes sort of thing, so we'll try to remember

575
00:31:05,840 --> 00:31:08,160
Speaker 1: to link that out on social in this episode. Airs. Yeah,

576
00:31:08,160 --> 00:31:10,880
Speaker 1: I read a great article that had some quotes from

577
00:31:10,880 --> 00:31:13,440
Speaker 1: her and and her work. I think she actually I

578
00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:15,400
Speaker 1: think the direct quote she had in the article was

579
00:31:15,440 --> 00:31:19,360
Speaker 1: Indiana Jones eat your heart out, got some great attitude

580
00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:21,400
Speaker 1: in it, and and yeah, the the technique has been

581
00:31:21,480 --> 00:31:24,160
Speaker 1: used all over the place. Um. You know, it was

582
00:31:24,200 --> 00:31:27,200
Speaker 1: also used in check O Canyon in New Mexico to

583
00:31:27,280 --> 00:31:30,600
Speaker 1: discover a whole roadway system that was linear and built

584
00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:34,400
Speaker 1: through topographic obstructions and twenty ft wide and ranged over

585
00:31:34,440 --> 00:31:37,520
Speaker 1: two hundred miles UM, all by a people that were

586
00:31:37,520 --> 00:31:40,560
Speaker 1: pretty sure didn't use animals for manual labor. Yes, so

587
00:31:40,600 --> 00:31:44,080
Speaker 1: this was all human made. Like human humans dragged the

588
00:31:44,320 --> 00:31:48,000
Speaker 1: equipment needed to construct this stuff for the entire length

589
00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:50,600
Speaker 1: and breadth of it. That's pretty incredible, And there's possibility

590
00:31:50,680 --> 00:31:52,280
Speaker 1: that we never would have known about any of that

591
00:31:52,320 --> 00:31:55,440
Speaker 1: without this technique. And also, satellites are being used to

592
00:31:55,480 --> 00:31:59,960
Speaker 1: help protect archaeological sites, so one of the big problems

593
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:02,000
Speaker 1: this brings us back to the top of our lap

594
00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:04,160
Speaker 1: of our first episode in archaeology, you know, we talked

595
00:32:04,200 --> 00:32:08,120
Speaker 1: about how archaeology essentially started out as tomb rating. Uh, well,

596
00:32:08,320 --> 00:32:10,080
Speaker 1: tomb rating is still a thing. I mean you still

597
00:32:10,960 --> 00:32:15,760
Speaker 1: you know, the market for antiquities is just as as

598
00:32:15,760 --> 00:32:17,720
Speaker 1: alive today as it was back in the day when

599
00:32:17,720 --> 00:32:19,320
Speaker 1: all the rich people in Europe said, hey, I want

600
00:32:19,360 --> 00:32:21,960
Speaker 1: that stuff. It's more of a black market now because

601
00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:25,160
Speaker 1: most of these are are preserved historical sites. But right, so,

602
00:32:25,280 --> 00:32:28,760
Speaker 1: you you do have some people who in some eyes

603
00:32:28,800 --> 00:32:31,360
Speaker 1: what you could call enterprising, and others you could call uh,

604
00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:34,960
Speaker 1: you know, destructive because they are going into these historical

605
00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:39,080
Speaker 1: sites and removing stuff. Um, but how do you protect everything?

606
00:32:39,080 --> 00:32:40,560
Speaker 1: I mean, it turns out there are a lot of

607
00:32:40,640 --> 00:32:44,640
Speaker 1: archaeological sites out there and you can't be everywhere at once. Well,

608
00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:48,040
Speaker 1: archaeologists are starting to use satellites to try and gather data.

609
00:32:48,440 --> 00:32:50,600
Speaker 1: Some of these satellites are gathering data on a daily basis,

610
00:32:50,600 --> 00:32:52,800
Speaker 1: and they can review it and see if there are

611
00:32:52,840 --> 00:32:55,720
Speaker 1: any new pits that are opening up that indicate that

612
00:32:55,800 --> 00:32:59,920
Speaker 1: someone's rating something, and then they can alert the respect

613
00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:04,120
Speaker 1: of countries authorities, and most of these countries have very

614
00:33:04,240 --> 00:33:07,880
Speaker 1: strict rules about who can and can't go into these sites,

615
00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:11,239
Speaker 1: so they can send security out to to check in

616
00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:13,720
Speaker 1: on those places and cut down on looting. That this

617
00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:17,360
Speaker 1: can even be you know, well meaning explorers who don't

618
00:33:17,440 --> 00:33:20,320
Speaker 1: understand that that you know, you know, they're they're thinking, oh,

619
00:33:20,360 --> 00:33:24,520
Speaker 1: I'm an amateur archaeologist and don't realize that by being

620
00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:27,600
Speaker 1: an amateur, what they might be doing is is destroying

621
00:33:27,640 --> 00:33:32,160
Speaker 1: important artifacts or even best case scenario, contaminating them because

622
00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:35,680
Speaker 1: they're getting their grubby carbon all over everything. Yeah. Yeah,

623
00:33:35,840 --> 00:33:44,080
Speaker 1: keeping carbon hands off me, you darn carbon ape. Also

624
00:33:44,160 --> 00:33:48,479
Speaker 1: a sad note about about infrared spectrum kind of stuff.

625
00:33:48,600 --> 00:33:50,959
Speaker 1: Um okay, so, so have you ever heard of the

626
00:33:51,040 --> 00:33:54,640
Speaker 1: pigment Egyptian blue. I have heard it before, but I

627
00:33:54,640 --> 00:33:57,120
Speaker 1: didn't know anything about it until you had done this research.

628
00:33:57,480 --> 00:34:00,080
Speaker 1: It is, in fact the oldest known artificial pigment in

629
00:34:00,120 --> 00:34:03,920
Speaker 1: the world, and it happens to reflect infrared light when

630
00:34:03,960 --> 00:34:07,840
Speaker 1: a red light is shown on it. Okay, um so,

631
00:34:08,760 --> 00:34:10,960
Speaker 1: And and that's even when over the course of like

632
00:34:11,040 --> 00:34:14,200
Speaker 1: you know, some four thousand, five hundred years have passed,

633
00:34:14,400 --> 00:34:17,520
Speaker 1: um and the paint has been reduced to like nano sheets.

634
00:34:17,520 --> 00:34:20,759
Speaker 1: So the layer of paint is a billionth of a

635
00:34:20,800 --> 00:34:24,720
Speaker 1: meter thick. Yes, it is. It is practically not there anymore,

636
00:34:24,840 --> 00:34:27,640
Speaker 1: but just there enough to to like like a single

637
00:34:27,719 --> 00:34:31,920
Speaker 1: layer of paint molecules. Okay, um, And and this this

638
00:34:32,040 --> 00:34:36,120
Speaker 1: property UM, which is technically the property of calcium copper

639
00:34:36,480 --> 00:34:40,080
Speaker 1: tetra silicate, which gives the pigment its color. UM has

640
00:34:40,120 --> 00:34:43,239
Speaker 1: been used to both identify artifacts in the in the

641
00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:47,120
Speaker 1: field and is being investigated by u g A Chemists,

642
00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:50,160
Speaker 1: University of Georgia's shout out, hey that's my alma mater.

643
00:34:50,440 --> 00:34:54,880
Speaker 1: Yeah dogs Um. It's being investigated for use in other

644
00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:58,320
Speaker 1: applications like like medical imaging or security inc or l

645
00:34:58,440 --> 00:35:00,919
Speaker 1: eds and optical fibers. I can see this being really

646
00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:04,719
Speaker 1: useful for identifying a real artifact versus a fake one.

647
00:35:05,680 --> 00:35:07,840
Speaker 1: If you were to shine the red light and and

648
00:35:07,880 --> 00:35:09,719
Speaker 1: you've got no in for red back, then that's an

649
00:35:09,760 --> 00:35:12,840
Speaker 1: indication that, no, this is not the real real You

650
00:35:12,840 --> 00:35:15,719
Speaker 1: could argue that perhaps whatever the paint is has worn

651
00:35:15,760 --> 00:35:18,880
Speaker 1: off to the point where there's nothing left except for

652
00:35:18,880 --> 00:35:21,920
Speaker 1: that nanometer thing. Yeah, that would require you to actually

653
00:35:21,920 --> 00:35:24,640
Speaker 1: scrub down to the point where you're losing artifact anyway,

654
00:35:25,040 --> 00:35:26,759
Speaker 1: And I don't think that the color would be there

655
00:35:26,800 --> 00:35:28,600
Speaker 1: for you to see if you I mean I think

656
00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:33,640
Speaker 1: would essentially not be there anymore. So interesting. Yeah, all right,

657
00:35:33,719 --> 00:35:38,120
Speaker 1: well we have wrapped up our discussion about archaeology and technology.

658
00:35:38,160 --> 00:35:40,279
Speaker 1: There are other tools that we didn't really touch on

659
00:35:40,400 --> 00:35:43,880
Speaker 1: that get much more niche oriented depending upon what the

660
00:35:43,920 --> 00:35:47,800
Speaker 1: field is. Absolutely in, archaeology is a completely huge field.

661
00:35:47,840 --> 00:35:50,480
Speaker 1: I honestly, every time we start researching for an episode,

662
00:35:50,480 --> 00:35:52,240
Speaker 1: I'm like, oh, this will be a really fun episode.

663
00:35:52,239 --> 00:35:53,880
Speaker 1: It will be so neat and tidy, and oh this

664
00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:56,319
Speaker 1: is huge. Um. I mean this was not originally a

665
00:35:56,360 --> 00:35:59,439
Speaker 1: two parter when we first envisioned it. Uh No, we could.

666
00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:02,280
Speaker 1: We could probably plea go on for many episodes about

667
00:36:02,360 --> 00:36:05,719
Speaker 1: many of the very specific technologies that different fields of

668
00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:08,040
Speaker 1: archaeology are using. Sure, and and in fact, we have

669
00:36:08,280 --> 00:36:12,800
Speaker 1: done some episodes about either specific technology we've mentioned already

670
00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:16,440
Speaker 1: or related technologies. Obviously, the electromagnetic effect is one of

671
00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:19,839
Speaker 1: those things we've talked about multiple times. So if you're

672
00:36:19,880 --> 00:36:21,920
Speaker 1: interested in this kind of stuff, definitely look into it.

673
00:36:21,960 --> 00:36:23,960
Speaker 1: I mean, especially if you're like a student and you

674
00:36:24,320 --> 00:36:26,960
Speaker 1: have never really considered archaeology. That might be an interesting

675
00:36:26,960 --> 00:36:29,000
Speaker 1: class to take when you're a freshman and you're just

676
00:36:29,040 --> 00:36:32,280
Speaker 1: wanting to kind of explore and find out what really

677
00:36:32,320 --> 00:36:35,840
Speaker 1: does spark your interests, because personally, I find the stuff

678
00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:37,960
Speaker 1: to be cool, even if it means I'm not wearing

679
00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:40,400
Speaker 1: a fedora and carrying a whip. I'm pretty sure you

680
00:36:40,400 --> 00:36:42,920
Speaker 1: would allow be allowed to at least wear fedora in

681
00:36:42,960 --> 00:36:45,319
Speaker 1: the field if you really wanted to. Yeah, probably be

682
00:36:45,560 --> 00:36:48,360
Speaker 1: mocked relentlessly, but how is that any different from podcasting.

683
00:36:49,320 --> 00:36:53,279
Speaker 1: So also, if you maybe if you would like us

684
00:36:53,280 --> 00:36:56,160
Speaker 1: to do a little bit of that homework for you, um,

685
00:36:56,280 --> 00:36:58,000
Speaker 1: write us in and let us know if if there's

686
00:36:58,040 --> 00:36:59,640
Speaker 1: a specific topic that you want to hear more about.

687
00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:01,640
Speaker 1: There was something we mentioned where you thought, you know,

688
00:37:01,680 --> 00:37:03,600
Speaker 1: that was really interesting, but I really wanted you to

689
00:37:03,640 --> 00:37:06,480
Speaker 1: go in more depth into that thing. Let us know,

690
00:37:06,600 --> 00:37:09,640
Speaker 1: because we're more than happy to look into it and

691
00:37:09,680 --> 00:37:11,919
Speaker 1: really dive in. If that's what you guys are interested in,

692
00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:13,680
Speaker 1: or if there's just something else you want to say.

693
00:37:13,719 --> 00:37:17,280
Speaker 1: Maybe you just want to say, hey, Lauren Jonathan, good job.

694
00:37:17,800 --> 00:37:21,279
Speaker 1: You know you respond well to praise, So write us,

695
00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:23,919
Speaker 1: send us an email. Our address is tech Stuff at

696
00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:27,240
Speaker 1: Discovery dot com, or drop us a line on social media.

697
00:37:27,320 --> 00:37:30,480
Speaker 1: We are on Twitter, Tumbler, and Facebook. Our handle is

698
00:37:30,520 --> 00:37:33,279
Speaker 1: tech stuff hs W and Lauren and I will talk

699
00:37:33,280 --> 00:37:39,319
Speaker 1: to you again really soon for more on this and

700
00:37:39,360 --> 00:37:41,919
Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Does it, how staff works dot

701
00:37:41,960 --> 00:37:47,760
Speaker 1: com