WEBVTT - Sunken Dangers 0:00:03.800 --> 0:00:06.680 Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff 0:00:06.680 --> 0:00:13.880 Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 0:00:13.920 --> 0:00:16.280 My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Julie Douglass. Julie, 0:00:16.280 --> 0:00:19.040 have you ever seen or read Peter Benchley's The Deep? 0:00:19.680 --> 0:00:21.720 I've not, but I know of it. Yeah, the movie 0:00:21.800 --> 0:00:27.240 had I think Nicknoledy in it, Speedos or something Better Days. Yeah, 0:00:27.280 --> 0:00:30.680 it is Better Days day. But um, but as I 0:00:30.720 --> 0:00:33.800 recall that, the plot is basically, um, everyone gets excited 0:00:33.800 --> 0:00:37.000 because there's like a World War two vessel uh shipwreck 0:00:37.479 --> 0:00:39.560 all right down there on the sea floor, and it's 0:00:39.560 --> 0:00:41.800 just loaded with morphine. So people are like, hey, let's 0:00:41.800 --> 0:00:43.720 go down and get that morphine and then sell it 0:00:43.760 --> 0:00:46.560 and we'll be rich. Or maybe they're just really into morphine. 0:00:46.600 --> 0:00:49.120 I don't know. But but then the thing is underneath 0:00:49.240 --> 0:00:52.240 that shipwreck, there's a second shipwreck. It's like an old 0:00:52.360 --> 0:00:56.240 like Spanish galleon filled with gold. And then but then 0:00:56.240 --> 0:00:59.240 there's more under that. There's a third shipwreck, and that 0:00:59.360 --> 0:01:01.960 is an old has tech vessel and it's filled with 0:01:02.000 --> 0:01:04.880 silver and uh and like and like other treasures. And 0:01:04.880 --> 0:01:07.720 then underneath that there's a fourth wreck and this one's 0:01:07.720 --> 0:01:11.520 actually an alien spaceship that Nick Nolty is able to 0:01:11.560 --> 0:01:15.039 dive down to and bear he discovers his long lost father, 0:01:15.480 --> 0:01:19.040 who is Culo. Right, So spoilers abound there and then 0:01:19.600 --> 0:01:21.800 shows up and then the cracking shows up, but the 0:01:21.840 --> 0:01:24.680 Nautilus comes to the rescue. Yeah, yeah, yeah, that is 0:01:24.720 --> 0:01:27.319 not always the way. Yeah yeah, I mean, if you 0:01:27.319 --> 0:01:29.080 guys haven't figured out we're talking about today, we are 0:01:29.120 --> 0:01:34.240 talking about the ocean and all the tritus that lives 0:01:34.319 --> 0:01:38.280 in there. Yeah, because we don't. We hear a fair 0:01:38.280 --> 0:01:40.959 amount about sunken treasure ships every now and then. It's 0:01:41.000 --> 0:01:45.480 like it's great, uh, you know, boys, life, pirate adventure, fair. 0:01:46.240 --> 0:01:48.920 But the reality is there is we have dropped a 0:01:48.920 --> 0:01:51.680 lot of stuff onto the ocean floor, and and it's 0:01:51.680 --> 0:01:53.800 not all just like you know that. You also see 0:01:53.800 --> 0:01:56.040 stuff about like oh a ship, a ship sinks and 0:01:56.080 --> 0:01:59.360 it becomes a natural environment for fish, it becomes a 0:01:59.400 --> 0:02:01.920 new coral reef for something. And you see situations where 0:02:01.920 --> 0:02:04.600 people take these stripped vessels out and sink them so 0:02:04.680 --> 0:02:06.800 that the various forms of sea lift can make it home. 0:02:07.560 --> 0:02:10.080 But in reality, you have a whole lot of ships 0:02:10.080 --> 0:02:14.760 that have gone down with oil aboard with unexploded ordinance aboard, 0:02:15.440 --> 0:02:18.680 well with with human lives aboard as well, not that 0:02:18.680 --> 0:02:21.480 that's as much of an environmental factor at all, right, 0:02:21.560 --> 0:02:25.360 but some some areas are essentially in underwater graveyards, right, Yeah, 0:02:25.560 --> 0:02:27.760 So in this podcast, we're going to talk about these 0:02:27.760 --> 0:02:31.200 sunken dangers and what they what they mean for the environment. Yeah, 0:02:31.200 --> 0:02:34.919 and not only that, um, you know, how they how 0:02:34.960 --> 0:02:38.240 they affect the oceans, which we have like even like 0:02:38.320 --> 0:02:41.400 the most minutest understanding about right now, and we'll talk 0:02:41.400 --> 0:02:44.680 about more about that later. But this really is something 0:02:44.680 --> 0:02:47.840 that's very important to our existence. So let's talk about 0:02:47.880 --> 0:02:51.600 those tankers. Yeah, so stinking tankers. A lot of this 0:02:51.720 --> 0:02:54.640 originates from the Second World War. In first and foremost, 0:02:54.680 --> 0:02:57.280 it's it's easy for those of us who grew up 0:02:57.320 --> 0:03:00.280 for years and years decades after the Second War War 0:03:00.600 --> 0:03:05.480 to forget that this was a truly global scenario. This 0:03:05.600 --> 0:03:08.400 was a major deal. Like like nations around the world 0:03:08.560 --> 0:03:12.040 became immersed in total warfare. And I think my battleship 0:03:12.120 --> 0:03:14.160 is just not the cry of a board game, right right. 0:03:14.160 --> 0:03:17.480 It was. WARAR two was the single largest saw the 0:03:17.480 --> 0:03:21.000 single largest loss of shipping in a relatively short period 0:03:21.040 --> 0:03:23.440 of time that the world has ever witnessed to. To 0:03:23.480 --> 0:03:26.000 put some numbers on that, I have some stats here 0:03:26.040 --> 0:03:28.360 that come from Sea Australia, which is an organization that 0:03:28.680 --> 0:03:31.960 has concerned itself with the fate of these various vessels 0:03:32.000 --> 0:03:35.200 and their potential impact in the environment. They said, seventy 0:03:35.200 --> 0:03:39.320 eight hundred sunken World War two vessels worldwide, including eight 0:03:39.400 --> 0:03:42.040 hundred and sixty oil tankers, and they've been setting there 0:03:42.440 --> 0:03:43.880 in many cases, you know, in the bottom of the 0:03:44.080 --> 0:03:47.840 sea floor for sixty years or more seventy I guess 0:03:47.840 --> 0:03:51.280 now we're looking at um just corroding Asia Pacific Regional 0:03:51.320 --> 0:03:55.160 Loan thirteen million tons of sunken vessels in the Pacific, 0:03:55.360 --> 0:03:59.040 including three hundred and thirty tankers and oilers, and then Atlantic, 0:03:59.080 --> 0:04:02.640 Mediterranean and Indian Ocean somewhere in the neighborhood of three thousand, 0:04:02.720 --> 0:04:05.320 nine hundred and fifty vessels over a thousand tons of 0:04:05.360 --> 0:04:08.880 ship and nine of those are thought to be oil tankers. 0:04:09.320 --> 0:04:12.120 Because you have you have ships sinking each other, of submarines, 0:04:12.440 --> 0:04:14.440 you have you have stuff just going down due to 0:04:14.520 --> 0:04:18.160 weather or other factors, and the state that these vessels 0:04:18.160 --> 0:04:20.600 go down there, it varies, you know, because in some 0:04:20.680 --> 0:04:23.680 cases they're sustaining damage before they go down. Stuff is 0:04:23.720 --> 0:04:26.600 blowing up before they go down. H So they're they're 0:04:26.640 --> 0:04:29.960 not exactly tightly wrapped containers. In some cases, the oil 0:04:30.040 --> 0:04:33.480 is burning off in the explosion, or most of it is. 0:04:33.560 --> 0:04:35.880 In other cases, a vessel is hit in such a 0:04:35.920 --> 0:04:39.000 way that most of the oil may be intact and 0:04:39.040 --> 0:04:41.520 it just goes down there and and it's just sitting 0:04:41.920 --> 0:04:44.840 until that container that it's in, that that metal container 0:04:45.279 --> 0:04:48.520 finally deteriorates enough for it to leak out into the 0:04:48.520 --> 0:04:53.159 surrounding environment. Well. Of note recently is the s S Montebello, 0:04:53.240 --> 0:04:56.560 which was sunk by Japanese submarine seventy years ago off 0:04:56.560 --> 0:04:59.719 the coast of central California. Three million gallons of oil 0:05:00.160 --> 0:05:05.320 loaded onto the vessel before it departed on December one, 0:05:05.400 --> 0:05:08.320 and it now sits nine hundred feet below in frigid 0:05:08.320 --> 0:05:11.520 ocean water. It looks like, based on what has been 0:05:11.560 --> 0:05:14.600 released from the survey, and it looks like there's there's 0:05:14.600 --> 0:05:17.479 no oil down there, so really okay, yeah, yeah, it 0:05:17.480 --> 0:05:19.320 looks like there was some concern because this was definitely 0:05:19.360 --> 0:05:22.160 one of those cases where they they thought that like 0:05:22.200 --> 0:05:25.880 the portion of the ship that was hit was was 0:05:25.920 --> 0:05:27.479 not the portion with the oil, so they thought that 0:05:27.520 --> 0:05:29.520 the oil could be intact. But it looks like the 0:05:29.560 --> 0:05:33.799 oil is gone now, so thank you, Robert Lamb. Yeah, 0:05:33.839 --> 0:05:37.240 but but that's just one case out of many. And 0:05:37.279 --> 0:05:39.719 you have to have another factor to remember here is 0:05:39.800 --> 0:05:42.640 that we don't have a countdown for how long any 0:05:42.680 --> 0:05:44.920 of these vessels have because because on top of their 0:05:44.960 --> 0:05:48.040 conditions varying depending on the model of the ship and 0:05:48.040 --> 0:05:51.240 the conditions that it's sank under, you have environmental concerns 0:05:51.240 --> 0:05:53.520 as well. Yeah, And I mean the thing is too 0:05:53.600 --> 0:05:55.440 is that this is uh as you As you noted, 0:05:55.480 --> 0:05:58.040 there are eight hundred and sixty second oil tankers and 0:05:58.120 --> 0:06:01.000 so this is not new news to anybody. And in fact, 0:06:01.360 --> 0:06:03.640 there's another ship that's ink in nineteen fifty three near 0:06:03.640 --> 0:06:06.680 San Francisco called the s S. Jacob Lukembach, and it 0:06:06.839 --> 0:06:10.320 slowly leaked some of the four seventy five thousand gallons 0:06:10.360 --> 0:06:13.640 of oil that freighter was carrying um and it fouled 0:06:13.680 --> 0:06:16.599 that coast for decades. So you know, this is again 0:06:16.680 --> 0:06:19.480 not new news, but I think that it's one of 0:06:19.520 --> 0:06:21.880 those things that people are starting to back up and 0:06:21.920 --> 0:06:25.640 realize to the extent to which it could be damaging. 0:06:26.160 --> 0:06:28.720 After all these eventually, any shipwreck, I mean, it's going 0:06:28.760 --> 0:06:31.719 to deteriorate to the to the to the state where 0:06:31.720 --> 0:06:33.640 stuff is gonna leak out, right, if there's something in 0:06:33.680 --> 0:06:35.680 there to leak. Uh. And and and then also you have 0:06:35.720 --> 0:06:38.920 cases where if something sinks in a into deep enough water, 0:06:38.960 --> 0:06:41.440 you're gonna have pressure that's going to crunch the hole 0:06:41.440 --> 0:06:43.960 down even more so, so a number of people are 0:06:44.000 --> 0:06:47.000 keeping trying to keep tabs on on on some of 0:06:47.000 --> 0:06:50.640 these tankers and uh, and try and evaluate what kind 0:06:50.680 --> 0:06:53.560 of a threat they pose, and in some cases something 0:06:53.560 --> 0:06:55.560 can be done about it. In two thousand three, the U. S. 0:06:55.640 --> 0:06:58.920 Navy successfully extracted fuel from a sunken World War two 0:06:58.960 --> 0:07:02.279 tanker off the coast of Micronesia, and they were actually 0:07:02.279 --> 0:07:06.920 able to recoup some of the costs by reselling the salvage. Doi. Okay, 0:07:06.960 --> 0:07:10.000 so yeah, there are some cases where we can do 0:07:10.040 --> 0:07:12.280 something about it. But what do you do about the 0:07:12.400 --> 0:07:16.480 radioactive waste dumping? Right? Yes, radioactive shipwrecks were in many 0:07:16.480 --> 0:07:20.920 cases submarine rex There have been several of these of note, 0:07:21.040 --> 0:07:24.120 cases where a nuclear submarine or a submarine with you know, 0:07:24.160 --> 0:07:27.480 with nuclear capabilities, has sunk to the bottom of the ocean. 0:07:27.960 --> 0:07:31.440 Nineteen sixty three USS Thrasher off the coast of New England, 0:07:31.920 --> 0:07:35.520 UM n U S S Scorpion lost in the mid Atlantic. 0:07:36.040 --> 0:07:39.360 And then you've seen several different Soviet subs nineteen seventy 0:07:39.920 --> 0:07:43.040 November Class sub off the coast of Spain, eighty six 0:07:43.400 --> 0:07:46.560 off the coast of Ramuda, eighty nine off the coast 0:07:46.560 --> 0:07:48.840 of Norway, and then in two thousand of the Kursk 0:07:49.320 --> 0:07:52.720 again off the coast of Norway. Yeah. Yeah, And then 0:07:52.800 --> 0:07:55.520 you have the problem of Russia dumping radioactive waste into 0:07:55.520 --> 0:07:59.760 the Arctic Sea. UM while there have been some contested 0:08:00.120 --> 0:08:02.480 x because of course you've got um, you know, Russia 0:08:02.520 --> 0:08:04.000 saying no, this is not the case. And then you 0:08:04.000 --> 0:08:07.840 have other independent groups that have uh actually confirmed some 0:08:07.920 --> 0:08:10.080 of the data. What we do know for sure is 0:08:10.120 --> 0:08:13.800 that in the nineteen fifties the effluent from the nuclear 0:08:13.840 --> 0:08:17.520 weapons factory in there Chadovinsk was dumped into the river 0:08:17.600 --> 0:08:20.280 Ticha and it ended up in the Arctic Ocean. And 0:08:20.280 --> 0:08:22.920 then between nineteen sixty four and nineteen eighty six, some 0:08:23.080 --> 0:08:27.160 seven thousand tons of solid radioactive waste in sixteen hundred 0:08:27.160 --> 0:08:30.040 cubic meters of liquid waste was pitched into the car 0:08:30.240 --> 0:08:33.840 and Barren Sea from the base in Murmansk, which served 0:08:33.840 --> 0:08:37.960 the Soviet fleet um of nuclear powered naval and merchant ships. So, 0:08:38.960 --> 0:08:43.360 and you have also nuclear reactors from at least eighteen 0:08:43.440 --> 0:08:48.720 nuclear uh excuse me that eighteen nuclear reactor submarines and 0:08:48.760 --> 0:08:51.800 ice breakers which were dumped into the barren Sea in 0:08:51.880 --> 0:08:55.480 an entire nuclear sub which was sunk deliberately after an 0:08:55.480 --> 0:08:59.120 accident in May nineteen sixty eight. So just this is 0:08:59.120 --> 0:09:03.199 a very sort of scary area to be in, obviously, 0:09:03.440 --> 0:09:05.280 and a lot of its neighbors are not very happy 0:09:05.320 --> 0:09:09.040 that in Norway fishing industry obviously, I was like, hey, 0:09:09.080 --> 0:09:10.840 I think, could we get a little bit more information, 0:09:10.880 --> 0:09:13.520 but this is what we know now, But some of 0:09:13.520 --> 0:09:16.839 this has been leaking out. Yeah, no pun intended, right. 0:09:16.920 --> 0:09:20.160 But another thing that's interesting about both the radioactive and 0:09:20.240 --> 0:09:24.959 the the oil based threats here or that they kind 0:09:24.960 --> 0:09:27.760 of feel like they're like the ghosts of a previous 0:09:27.800 --> 0:09:30.000 age that have come back to haunt us. In the 0:09:30.000 --> 0:09:31.600 case of the World War two vessels, they're like the 0:09:31.600 --> 0:09:33.920 remnants of a time when so many of the nations 0:09:33.920 --> 0:09:37.280 of the Earth were immersed in in global warfare, and 0:09:37.320 --> 0:09:39.240 certainly we we haven't gotten to the point where we 0:09:39.280 --> 0:09:42.360 have completely put aside the idea of of nuclear weapons. 0:09:42.720 --> 0:09:46.319 But it's worth noting that the scorpion, again this was 0:09:47.280 --> 0:09:49.360 and it's sunk under ten thousand feet of water about 0:09:49.360 --> 0:09:53.520 four hundred miles southwest of Azarez, and uh, it had 0:09:53.600 --> 0:09:59.880 to mark forty five anti submarine torpedoes. Those are nuclear torpedoes. 0:10:00.200 --> 0:10:03.160 They were designed by the United States to use against 0:10:03.200 --> 0:10:06.760 high speed, deep diving enemy submarines, which I mean, for 0:10:06.800 --> 0:10:09.000 those of you who keep up with the history of 0:10:09.000 --> 0:10:11.480 of nuclear armaments, that may make more sense to you, 0:10:11.720 --> 0:10:14.800 but for me, I somehow did not realize that. I mean, 0:10:14.840 --> 0:10:18.360 I knew that, you know, submarines have traditionally been given 0:10:18.400 --> 0:10:21.280 the role of of of becoming a mobile platform from 0:10:21.280 --> 0:10:24.520 which the launch intercontinental ballistic missiles and and deliver a 0:10:24.600 --> 0:10:27.760 nuclear payload from anywhere around the world virtually. But the 0:10:27.840 --> 0:10:31.280 idea that you could have one submarine using a nuclear 0:10:31.280 --> 0:10:35.439 weapon against another submarine in the same ocean as itself 0:10:35.520 --> 0:10:38.880 just completely blows my mind. Uh. I mean, it's just 0:10:38.920 --> 0:10:42.079 that that we were, that we've been that stupid and 0:10:42.559 --> 0:10:45.160 in in in recent memory. You know, well, I think too. 0:10:45.200 --> 0:10:47.400 I mean some of this is that, um, you know, 0:10:47.440 --> 0:10:51.360 at the time that this was being enacted, that we 0:10:51.360 --> 0:10:53.840 were not really uh thinking about the future. Right, We're 0:10:53.840 --> 0:10:56.959 thinking seventy years from now, what's going to happen to this? Um? 0:10:57.000 --> 0:10:58.720 And I don't think that we have the understanding that 0:10:58.760 --> 0:11:00.320 we do now of the oceans are at least the 0:11:00.320 --> 0:11:04.280 tiny understanding of of what how important ocean life is 0:11:04.320 --> 0:11:06.480 to us, right and with the with the with the 0:11:06.520 --> 0:11:08.400 tankers and all the various vessels that were lost in 0:11:08.440 --> 0:11:09.680 the Second re War. I mean a lot of that 0:11:09.760 --> 0:11:12.480 was the war is going on. We gotta get stuff 0:11:12.520 --> 0:11:14.800 from point A to point B, defeat some troops. Gets 0:11:15.040 --> 0:11:17.160 get oil from point A to point B to uh 0:11:17.240 --> 0:11:19.880 to fuel these these aircraft these right, right. And not 0:11:19.920 --> 0:11:23.120 only is the uh you know, the oceans, the seas 0:11:23.200 --> 0:11:25.960 are and not only are these uh you know, seemingly 0:11:26.040 --> 0:11:30.200 limitless resources great dumping grounds. To write. Another case it's 0:11:30.240 --> 0:11:34.960 worth mentioning, is the Tybee Island mid air collision. Oh yeah, this, 0:11:35.080 --> 0:11:36.760 and of course Tybee Island is off the coast of 0:11:37.000 --> 0:11:43.600 our you know, real pretty out there coastal region near Brunswick, Georgia, 0:11:43.679 --> 0:11:46.920 which I always remember because a newspaper editor I used 0:11:46.920 --> 0:11:50.400 to work with came from there and journalism jobs. They 0:11:50.400 --> 0:11:52.559 would always have a listing for Brunswick, like they were 0:11:52.600 --> 0:11:56.400 constantly needing new editorial staff, and they always had a 0:11:56.440 --> 0:11:59.920 real fancy right up where they were like, come work 0:12:00.080 --> 0:12:02.480 by the beach, and it made it sound really awesome. 0:12:02.600 --> 0:12:04.920 But of course they were always looking for somebody, so 0:12:05.080 --> 0:12:07.080 you're like, oh, man, I bet it really sucks there. 0:12:07.200 --> 0:12:09.600 Well maybe that or they just really needed a lot 0:12:09.640 --> 0:12:13.400 of coverage for the Brunswick chili cookoffs. That's true, right, 0:12:14.200 --> 0:12:17.600 But but Tybee Island though, the fifty eight Air Force 0:12:17.640 --> 0:12:20.760 B forty seven strato jet was on a simulated combat 0:12:20.800 --> 0:12:22.960 mission when it collided with an F eight six Saber 0:12:23.520 --> 0:12:26.480 near Savannah, Georgia, and uh, the B forty seven was 0:12:26.520 --> 0:12:30.200 carrying one Mark fifteen hydrogen bomb without its core at 0:12:30.200 --> 0:12:33.760 the time of the accident. So this nuclear payload is 0:12:33.840 --> 0:12:36.560 lost and has never been found. Like at one point 0:12:36.559 --> 0:12:39.040 they thought they were. They they sort of had an 0:12:39.040 --> 0:12:41.920 idea of where it was based on some radioactive signatures, 0:12:42.000 --> 0:12:43.679 but then they just found that found out that the 0:12:43.960 --> 0:12:47.719 radioactive signature wasn't anything substantial, And they're like, well, that's 0:12:47.760 --> 0:12:49.280 not it. We don't know where it is, so it 0:12:49.280 --> 0:12:52.040 could be along at the bottom of the sea or not, 0:12:52.640 --> 0:12:56.120 that's what I'm hearing. Well someone's garage. Well yeah, well, 0:12:56.120 --> 0:12:57.679 I mean if you put it like that, it's maybe not. 0:12:57.960 --> 0:13:00.640 I mean it's down there somewhere, but yeah, but still, 0:13:00.640 --> 0:13:04.000 you know, I mean it's not it could be in 0:13:04.000 --> 0:13:06.959 someone's garage. Yeah. Yeah. It's like if someone someone were 0:13:06.960 --> 0:13:09.000 to say, I know I have a musket around the 0:13:09.040 --> 0:13:11.160 house here, but I really don't remember where I put it, 0:13:11.760 --> 0:13:13.400 or you know, it's like where did I put that 0:13:13.440 --> 0:13:15.800 hand grenade? Well, yeah, I mean it's like any sort 0:13:15.840 --> 0:13:18.360 of plot on TV or you know in the movies 0:13:18.400 --> 0:13:20.600 where you've got the gun, the smoking gun, you know, 0:13:20.800 --> 0:13:24.440 I mean that's essentially with that is so uh really giant, 0:13:24.720 --> 0:13:28.040 huge gun. Let's talk about this ocean and why it 0:13:28.160 --> 0:13:30.120 is such a mystery to us and why it's so 0:13:30.160 --> 0:13:32.760 important to us. Well, I mean for starters, it's most 0:13:32.800 --> 0:13:39.439 of the planet, yes, and uh, only that it is 0:13:39.559 --> 0:13:44.040 estimated has is unmapped is pretty important. There is actually 0:13:44.080 --> 0:13:47.000 more known about the Moon's surface than the ocean depths, 0:13:47.000 --> 0:13:52.600 so said aquatic filmmaker Fabian costUS. Of course, grandson of 0:13:52.640 --> 0:13:56.760 ocean diving pioneer Jacqusto and Um named his son Fabian. 0:13:58.240 --> 0:14:01.920 What you could say Fabian and prefer Fabian. I don't 0:14:01.960 --> 0:14:03.960 know if you if there's a Fabian out there, let 0:14:04.040 --> 0:14:09.360 us know how you prefer your name to be pronounced um. 0:14:09.559 --> 0:14:12.240 But it's thought that there are some points and where 0:14:12.280 --> 0:14:15.480 the ocean is more than thirty thousand feet deep, Okay, 0:14:15.720 --> 0:14:18.920 And you know they use this analogy that twelve men 0:14:19.000 --> 0:14:21.280 have stepped foot on the Moon, but only two people 0:14:21.320 --> 0:14:23.440 have been to the Mariana Trench, which is the deepest 0:14:23.440 --> 0:14:27.000 part of the ocean at roughly seven miles deep. And 0:14:27.240 --> 0:14:29.640 if you were to take like ship based sonar and 0:14:29.720 --> 0:14:33.000 other measurements, and you were to map such a small 0:14:33.040 --> 0:14:35.360 percentage of the ocean floor, it would take a single 0:14:35.400 --> 0:14:38.960 ship two hundred years or ten ships twenty years to 0:14:38.960 --> 0:14:41.840 measure all the ocean floor depths. And this is according 0:14:41.880 --> 0:14:45.600 to the U. S. Navy. So I bring that up 0:14:45.640 --> 0:14:50.320 only because, um, you know, we really don't understand what 0:14:50.600 --> 0:14:55.480 is beneath the surface of the water. Yeah. And in fact, 0:14:55.520 --> 0:14:58.320 I mean there are things like undersea waterfalls that we've 0:14:58.400 --> 0:15:03.600 recently discovered um lakes tools lebrine pools are particularly interesting 0:15:03.880 --> 0:15:07.440 where it basically it looks this thick layer of of 0:15:07.440 --> 0:15:11.200 of salty water just setting down there on the bottom 0:15:11.320 --> 0:15:13.200 and uh, and it looks like a set like it 0:15:13.240 --> 0:15:16.200 really throws your perception off because it looks like a 0:15:16.320 --> 0:15:18.720 lake on the on the on the floor of the 0:15:18.800 --> 0:15:21.160 ocean like that. There's a slight you know, color and 0:15:21.920 --> 0:15:26.360 gleaming difference. Right, so people, I don't understand how deep 0:15:26.480 --> 0:15:28.880 is that? What is that? What's underneath that? Um So 0:15:28.920 --> 0:15:31.640 there's and then of course extremophiles, which we've learned about 0:15:31.800 --> 0:15:35.440 hydrothermal fence. There are all sorts of really incredible things 0:15:35.480 --> 0:15:38.680 that we have found. And there's this great marine biologist 0:15:38.960 --> 0:15:41.240 named Sylvia Earle, who is, you know, one of the 0:15:41.240 --> 0:15:43.040 two people to have dived down to the depth of 0:15:44.160 --> 0:15:47.600 fifty feet more than fifty years ago. And she says 0:15:47.640 --> 0:15:50.360 that it's absolutely scandalous that we've yet to dive past 0:15:50.440 --> 0:15:53.200 the depths of the ocean skin because that's what she's 0:15:53.320 --> 0:15:56.000 calling in this cyr analogy. And she says that there's 0:15:56.040 --> 0:15:59.640 in fact one little blue green bacterium that's responsible for 0:15:59.680 --> 0:16:02.760 the oxygen in one of every five breaths you take 0:16:03.840 --> 0:16:06.320 the oxygen, which is amazing. And she's saying, this is 0:16:06.320 --> 0:16:09.120 the kind of information that we just didn't know, you know, 0:16:09.160 --> 0:16:12.760 five years, ten years, twenty years ago, how important the 0:16:12.800 --> 0:16:15.840 ocean's ecosystem is to our existence, or sixty or seventy 0:16:15.880 --> 0:16:18.360 years ago when we were sinking ship after ship and 0:16:18.640 --> 0:16:22.360 exactly exact. Yeah, And she was on the panel at 0:16:22.360 --> 0:16:25.280 the World Science Festival in twos and ten, and uh 0:16:25.600 --> 0:16:28.400 there they talked about coral to being the longest living 0:16:28.480 --> 0:16:31.880 organism at four thousand years old and also one of 0:16:31.880 --> 0:16:35.280 the slowest growing organisms, which I think we all know. Um, 0:16:35.440 --> 0:16:38.040 but they're basically saying that the trawlers are scraping the 0:16:38.080 --> 0:16:41.240 bottom of the ocean and clear cutting the coral, which 0:16:41.440 --> 0:16:44.440 we know now is a cornerstone of the ocean's ecosystem. 0:16:44.640 --> 0:16:48.280 So uh, now consider that that statistic about how into 0:16:48.280 --> 0:16:50.600 our action is derived from the ocean, and consider you know, 0:16:50.600 --> 0:16:53.880 how important coral is to see life and how we 0:16:53.920 --> 0:16:56.640 are clear cutting it. And it's very interesting, And they 0:16:56.680 --> 0:16:59.240 make the point in the panel, um, if you were 0:16:59.280 --> 0:17:02.000 to do the same thing to our sky, the same 0:17:02.040 --> 0:17:04.600 sort of trawling through the air. You know, can you 0:17:04.640 --> 0:17:07.560 imagine the sort of wreckage that you would incur. I mean, 0:17:07.600 --> 0:17:12.160 you would scoop up in your nets, you know, some birds, trees, people, cars, 0:17:12.960 --> 0:17:15.159 You would be clear cutting a lot of of life 0:17:15.280 --> 0:17:17.439 in that way. So when you when they put it 0:17:17.480 --> 0:17:19.400 in that perspective, you can really kind of see how 0:17:19.440 --> 0:17:23.040 important it is that we we think differently about the 0:17:23.040 --> 0:17:24.840 ocean and the way we approach it. All right, So 0:17:24.840 --> 0:17:26.840 there you go, sunken dangerous. Yeah, I think about that 0:17:26.920 --> 0:17:30.159 next time you're you're surfing. We're out in the ocean, 0:17:30.200 --> 0:17:34.720 just enjoying the beautiful weather and the scenery. Yeah. Uh, well, 0:17:34.760 --> 0:17:37.040 hey robot, why don't you bring us some listener mail 0:17:37.080 --> 0:17:40.800 and we'll get to that portion of the episode. See 0:17:40.800 --> 0:17:42.560 what we have here, all right, we heard from a 0:17:42.600 --> 0:17:45.399 listener by the name of Corey. Corey writes in and 0:17:45.600 --> 0:17:49.119 Corey's email was was rather lengthy, so we're kind of 0:17:49.160 --> 0:17:51.280 skipping around in it. Yeah, very interesting, but a bit 0:17:51.280 --> 0:17:53.800 too long for reading all of it. And this comes 0:17:53.800 --> 0:17:56.320 off we did the episode about martyrs in which we 0:17:56.320 --> 0:18:01.080 were talking about um about pain, relationship with pain, and uh, 0:18:01.160 --> 0:18:03.240 we didn't really go much into the idea. I think 0:18:03.240 --> 0:18:05.159 we just briefly mentioned, Oh yeah, there are people that 0:18:05.200 --> 0:18:07.800 are straight edge. I wonder how that factors. But into it, 0:18:08.160 --> 0:18:11.640 straight edge individuals, of course, they don't take drugs or alcohol, 0:18:11.640 --> 0:18:13.960 and they kind of have a make it part of 0:18:13.960 --> 0:18:18.959 their their lifestop choice, and they're going to avoid these temptations, right, 0:18:19.040 --> 0:18:22.320 even if you know, obviously something that that stopped short 0:18:22.359 --> 0:18:24.800 of death. Right, they're going to try to avoid any 0:18:24.800 --> 0:18:28.360 sort of medications. And so I was curious. I figured, hey, 0:18:28.359 --> 0:18:31.000 we probably have some straight edge listeners out there. I mean, 0:18:31.040 --> 0:18:33.520 just based on our demographic and our number of listeners, 0:18:33.520 --> 0:18:36.920 that stood reason that they were there listening. And they 0:18:36.960 --> 0:18:40.480 were because Corey writes in says, Hello, Robert and Julie. 0:18:40.480 --> 0:18:42.879 First off, love you guys. Keep doing what it is 0:18:42.920 --> 0:18:45.119 you do so well. Now, in regard to your question 0:18:45.160 --> 0:18:48.160 about a correlation between being straight edge and pain tolerance, 0:18:48.400 --> 0:18:50.879 I can't speak to any case studies or anything, but 0:18:50.920 --> 0:18:54.199 my my personal experience being straight edge might imply a 0:18:54.240 --> 0:18:58.680 greater pain tolerance. Um. They and they. Corey points out 0:18:58.720 --> 0:19:01.320 that the they say, for the majority of my life, 0:19:01.600 --> 0:19:05.560 I was very strictly a straight edge. Uh. When I 0:19:05.640 --> 0:19:08.600 was three, I suffered a serious concussion that fractured my 0:19:08.600 --> 0:19:10.399 skull and left me unconscious for the better part of 0:19:10.440 --> 0:19:13.240 two days. In the aftermath of this injury, I suffered 0:19:13.320 --> 0:19:15.919 headaches for close to a decade and have more than 0:19:16.000 --> 0:19:19.080 my fair share of them today. I have had several 0:19:19.119 --> 0:19:23.520 broken bones, frostbite real Minnesota frostbite where your flesh turns 0:19:23.560 --> 0:19:28.560 black and dyes, fractures, uh, wildly painful cysts, and migrains, 0:19:28.560 --> 0:19:31.680 to name a few of my great epics in pain tolerance. 0:19:31.960 --> 0:19:33.520 It seems to me people go to a great deal 0:19:33.520 --> 0:19:35.560 of effort to avoid pain, but in reality, pain has 0:19:35.640 --> 0:19:38.560 little to no consequence. It is not like emotional trauma 0:19:38.760 --> 0:19:41.040 that can haunt you for decades and decades. Pain hit, 0:19:41.200 --> 0:19:44.679 it hurts, and it's forgotten almost as fast as it comes. 0:19:44.720 --> 0:19:48.080 In fact, it's really hard to relive a physical pain, 0:19:48.119 --> 0:19:50.280 So why do people try to try so hard to 0:19:50.320 --> 0:19:53.399 avoid it or even fear it so much? Also, I 0:19:53.440 --> 0:19:56.879 have a close friend whom is who is straight edge. UH. 0:19:57.119 --> 0:19:59.560 This guy has a pain tolerance. We go rock climbing 0:19:59.600 --> 0:20:01.679 together and and I'm frequently amazed at how long he 0:20:01.720 --> 0:20:04.800 can hold very very painful holks. I have seen him 0:20:04.960 --> 0:20:07.720 support his entire weight on a finger jam which is 0:20:07.800 --> 0:20:10.240 essentially jamming your fingers into a crack in the rock 0:20:10.520 --> 0:20:13.040 and getting into stick. Some finger jams are not that 0:20:13.080 --> 0:20:15.040 big a deal, but this particular finger jam was in 0:20:15.040 --> 0:20:17.000 a place where the rocks were very sharp and not 0:20:17.080 --> 0:20:20.160 well suited to finger jamming. It's the sort of finger 0:20:20.240 --> 0:20:23.520 jam that rips the skin and uh leaves a little 0:20:23.560 --> 0:20:25.960 indented cuts where the rock digs in. And this guy 0:20:26.000 --> 0:20:28.399 practically did a one hand pull up with just the 0:20:28.400 --> 0:20:31.359 support of that fingerjam. He is crazy tough, trust me. 0:20:31.800 --> 0:20:34.360 In conclusion, I wonder if having a low paint tolerance 0:20:34.400 --> 0:20:37.200 may actually be a contributing factor in the body chemistry 0:20:37.240 --> 0:20:39.720 that leads to addiction or vice versa. Maybe the body 0:20:39.760 --> 0:20:42.440 chemistry that supports high paint tolerance has an effect which 0:20:42.480 --> 0:20:46.439 reduces to the draw to substances that alter physiological states. 0:20:46.600 --> 0:20:49.600 Because I just prefer sober Corey to alter Corey for 0:20:49.800 --> 0:20:52.000 no other fact than I can't imagine a me that's 0:20:52.040 --> 0:20:54.200 better than I already am. What do you guys think, Well, 0:20:54.200 --> 0:20:56.200 that's a very positive way to look at it. Yeah, yeah, 0:20:56.280 --> 0:20:59.360