1 00:00:02,360 --> 00:00:05,880 Speaker 1: Happy Saturday. One of the TV shows I have enjoyed 2 00:00:05,920 --> 00:00:09,280 Speaker 1: watching on TV is Supergirl, which has just ended its run, 3 00:00:09,440 --> 00:00:13,480 Speaker 1: and in one of the last episodes, I saw something familiar, 4 00:00:14,280 --> 00:00:16,799 Speaker 1: and that was the tomb of Innesta Castro, which is 5 00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:20,240 Speaker 1: an Alcabasa Portugal. When I saw this on the screen, 6 00:00:20,280 --> 00:00:22,160 Speaker 1: I was like, hey, wait, didn't we do a podcast 7 00:00:22,200 --> 00:00:24,320 Speaker 1: on this? Yes, in fact, we did, so I thought 8 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:26,759 Speaker 1: we would share it for anybody who watch a Supergirl 9 00:00:26,800 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 1: and would like some historical backstory. And if you don't 10 00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:31,600 Speaker 1: watch Supergirl, of course, it is an interesting episode on 11 00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:34,680 Speaker 1: its own. You don't have to be into Supergirl to 12 00:00:35,240 --> 00:00:39,120 Speaker 1: appreciate it. And this episode originally came out on January 13 00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:43,920 Speaker 1: and was a little bit of an early Valentine's Day episode, 14 00:00:44,040 --> 00:00:49,960 Speaker 1: So enjoy Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, 15 00:00:50,240 --> 00:00:59,640 Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radio, Hello, and Welcome to 16 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:05,480 Speaker 1: the Punk Gusty and I'm Tracy Wilson. Tracy. Valentine's Day 17 00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:10,640 Speaker 1: is coming up. I know it's um not a holiday 18 00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:14,119 Speaker 1: I usually have like the standard associations with It's always 19 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:15,959 Speaker 1: more of like a friends and family holiday to me. 20 00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:21,199 Speaker 1: But people sometimes like some themed stuff, so I didn't 21 00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:22,640 Speaker 1: want to be too on the nose, where a little 22 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:26,520 Speaker 1: ahead of Valentine's Day. Uh, you know, various romantic topics 23 00:01:26,520 --> 00:01:29,760 Speaker 1: have been suggested, but I don't always like to be 24 00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:34,520 Speaker 1: literal and happy because I'm just contrary. Um. And a 25 00:01:34,520 --> 00:01:37,559 Speaker 1: lot of the stories that we have done around Valentine's 26 00:01:37,640 --> 00:01:42,480 Speaker 1: Day have been relatively tragic in their love story nous, 27 00:01:42,520 --> 00:01:48,840 Speaker 1: I'm thinking Abillard and Hellouise. Yeah. Uh. And thankfully our 28 00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:51,560 Speaker 1: listener Tressa wrote in with an idea that I loved. 29 00:01:51,760 --> 00:01:54,640 Speaker 1: And while this one can definitely be categorized as romantic, 30 00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:58,640 Speaker 1: there's also some deception. There's some cheating, a little bit 31 00:01:58,680 --> 00:02:01,080 Speaker 1: of murder, a little bit of gore for those of 32 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:03,880 Speaker 1: us in the crowd who like darker fare. We're talking 33 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:06,760 Speaker 1: today about the person who is sometimes referred to as 34 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:09,960 Speaker 1: the corpse Bread of Portugal and as de Castro, and 35 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:12,480 Speaker 1: the story of her love affair with Prince Pedro, who 36 00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:15,600 Speaker 1: later became Padrew the first puts Romeo and Juliet to 37 00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:19,240 Speaker 1: shame in the intensity and tragedy categories, and it has 38 00:02:19,280 --> 00:02:22,080 Speaker 1: in fact been rumored that these two fourteenth century lovers 39 00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:26,120 Speaker 1: were the inspiration for Shakespeare's tale, and this is one 40 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:29,079 Speaker 1: of those stories that also has a lot of versions 41 00:02:29,120 --> 00:02:32,320 Speaker 1: of it because it's been told and retold for centuries. 42 00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:36,080 Speaker 1: It is uh such a good story in terms of 43 00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:38,359 Speaker 1: like it has all of the ingredients you would want 44 00:02:38,400 --> 00:02:41,000 Speaker 1: in a good and engaging story. Uh. That it is, 45 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:43,639 Speaker 1: you know, a big part of Portugal's history and their 46 00:02:43,760 --> 00:02:46,120 Speaker 1: oral tradition. Uh. And that means that some of the 47 00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:50,160 Speaker 1: details have shifted and changed in various tellings. Some details 48 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:53,160 Speaker 1: are probably fabricated. And we're gonna talk a little bit 49 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:55,960 Speaker 1: about the mythology that this has taken on and some 50 00:02:56,040 --> 00:02:59,360 Speaker 1: of the more glaring cases of artistic license that happened 51 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:01,720 Speaker 1: related to their story a little later in the podcast. 52 00:03:01,760 --> 00:03:05,080 Speaker 1: But first we'll give you the basic story, and that 53 00:03:05,200 --> 00:03:09,320 Speaker 1: story starts out with Pedro, sometimes known as Peter, who 54 00:03:09,360 --> 00:03:13,720 Speaker 1: would become Pedro, the first King of Portugal on April eighth, 55 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:16,840 Speaker 1: thirteen twenty. The king of Portugal at that time a 56 00:03:16,840 --> 00:03:20,600 Speaker 1: Fonso the Fourth and his consort Beatrice of Castile had 57 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:23,280 Speaker 1: a son, and that son with Pedro, we don't know 58 00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:26,760 Speaker 1: a lot about his childhood. There's not many details about 59 00:03:26,800 --> 00:03:28,560 Speaker 1: him as a young boy, but we know that in 60 00:03:28,639 --> 00:03:31,160 Speaker 1: thirteen thirty nine or thirteen forty, right, around the age 61 00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:35,440 Speaker 1: of nineteen or twenty, Pedro married Constanza of Castile, but 62 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:39,480 Speaker 1: Pedro found Constanza's lady in waiting and As de Castro 63 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:44,480 Speaker 1: far more appealing, and As was actually a cousin of Constanza, 64 00:03:44,600 --> 00:03:47,800 Speaker 1: and Pedro was utterly entranced by her. There is one 65 00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:51,040 Speaker 1: history where it says that he was taken in completely 66 00:03:51,120 --> 00:03:54,600 Speaker 1: by her heron like nick. So she was a very elegant, 67 00:03:54,720 --> 00:03:57,880 Speaker 1: lovely lady, and she was the great granddaughter of King 68 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:01,240 Speaker 1: Sancho the fourth of Castile, though her father had been 69 00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:05,840 Speaker 1: an illegitimate grandson of Sancho the fourth. Inez Perez de 70 00:04:05,920 --> 00:04:09,280 Speaker 1: Castro was born sometime in the early thirteen twenties and 71 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:13,520 Speaker 1: her father was Pedro Bernandez de Castro. That's the illegitimate 72 00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:17,400 Speaker 1: grandson of King Sancho the fourth. We just mentioned. She 73 00:04:17,520 --> 00:04:21,360 Speaker 1: had traveled to Portugal to become Constanza's lady in waiting, 74 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:25,040 Speaker 1: and Pedro and Constanza were married as planned, but he 75 00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:29,200 Speaker 1: was clearly not devoted to his new bride but to 76 00:04:29,279 --> 00:04:32,240 Speaker 1: her cousin, and he was apparently madly in love with 77 00:04:32,279 --> 00:04:35,040 Speaker 1: an Is. This wasn't just like an infatuation, or if 78 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:37,680 Speaker 1: it was, it was a very deep one. He just 79 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:40,560 Speaker 1: was completely enthralled by her, and he said to have 80 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:43,640 Speaker 1: sent her messages by dropping his letters to her in 81 00:04:43,680 --> 00:04:46,560 Speaker 1: a water pipe that flowed from his residence to her 82 00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:50,320 Speaker 1: quarters at the monastery of Santa Clara Avella. As you 83 00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:54,680 Speaker 1: can imagine, Pedro's new wife was displeased at this insulting 84 00:04:54,720 --> 00:04:58,279 Speaker 1: behavior on her husband's part, and so when she and 85 00:04:58,320 --> 00:05:01,960 Speaker 1: Pedro had their first child, a son, also named Pedro, 86 00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:08,039 Speaker 1: Constanza invited Eniz to be the child's godmother. So that 87 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:13,640 Speaker 1: seems like a really nice gesture, it wasn't. Constanza's motivation 88 00:05:13,760 --> 00:05:16,159 Speaker 1: was this. She was counting on the fact that, in 89 00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:18,880 Speaker 1: the eyes of the Catholic Church and as becoming the 90 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:23,279 Speaker 1: baby Pedro's godmother would make her considered a close family 91 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:27,320 Speaker 1: and so the idea was that with that connection established, 92 00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:31,679 Speaker 1: Constanza was hoping to spin the relationship between her husband 93 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:36,600 Speaker 1: and her cousin as having a patina of incestuousness. So 94 00:05:36,640 --> 00:05:41,240 Speaker 1: it wasn't enough that it was infidelity, right, it had 95 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:45,680 Speaker 1: the added ammunition of also being incestuous. But that plan 96 00:05:45,880 --> 00:05:48,400 Speaker 1: did not seem to have any real impact on the 97 00:05:48,440 --> 00:05:53,479 Speaker 1: situation at all, regardless of how anyone else felt about them. 98 00:05:53,560 --> 00:05:56,840 Speaker 1: The lovers, Pedro and Enez were just devoted to one 99 00:05:56,839 --> 00:05:59,800 Speaker 1: another as much as they had been before. And additionally, 100 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,640 Speaker 1: co Steins's baby wound up living sadly only a few weeks, 101 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:07,280 Speaker 1: so the idea that Inez was family through her godmother 102 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:12,200 Speaker 1: position lost all impact. In thirteen forty four, the King, 103 00:06:12,279 --> 00:06:14,560 Speaker 1: who was troubled by all of this drama in the 104 00:06:14,600 --> 00:06:18,640 Speaker 1: Pedro Constanza and his love triangle, and concerned for both 105 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:21,120 Speaker 1: the peace of the royal household and the impact that 106 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:24,680 Speaker 1: this affair could have on the regency, banished and As 107 00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:27,400 Speaker 1: from Portugal and she was sent back to Castile. But 108 00:06:28,160 --> 00:06:29,880 Speaker 1: that did not put an end to the affair either. 109 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:33,400 Speaker 1: Pedro just traveled to seen As whenever he possibly could. 110 00:06:34,120 --> 00:06:39,200 Speaker 1: On November thirty five, Constanza died. She had given birth 111 00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:41,719 Speaker 1: to her third child with Pedro at that point, a 112 00:06:41,800 --> 00:06:45,360 Speaker 1: son named Fernando that was two weeks before her death, 113 00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:48,400 Speaker 1: and the baby survived and became next in line to 114 00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:52,719 Speaker 1: the throne after his father. Yeah, you'll often see that 115 00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:55,400 Speaker 1: written up as though she died in childbirth, which isn't 116 00:06:55,560 --> 00:06:59,000 Speaker 1: entirely correct. She was very ill and it, you know, 117 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:01,839 Speaker 1: was that the stress on her body that eventually led 118 00:07:01,880 --> 00:07:04,160 Speaker 1: to her demise, but it was actually a couple of 119 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:09,720 Speaker 1: weeks later. So immediately after Constanza's death, Pedro took advantage 120 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:12,880 Speaker 1: of his unfettered single status and went straight to Castile 121 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:15,360 Speaker 1: to get in his and bring her back to Portugal. 122 00:07:15,840 --> 00:07:18,760 Speaker 1: And from that point on they maintained a home in Coimbra, 123 00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:22,360 Speaker 1: which I probably butchered in my apologies. Uh. And while 124 00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:26,040 Speaker 1: they lived there, they lived as husband and wife. Once 125 00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:29,360 Speaker 1: they were no longer conducting an affair in secret, which 126 00:07:29,400 --> 00:07:33,320 Speaker 1: we are putting in finger quotes because everybody knew about 127 00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:37,760 Speaker 1: this secret even though it was supposedly clandestine, Inez and 128 00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:43,320 Speaker 1: Pedro started a family. They eventually had four children, a Fonso, Beatrice, Jooo, 129 00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:46,960 Speaker 1: and Denise Alfonso. Their first son died when he was 130 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:49,400 Speaker 1: still a baby, and the other three were born over 131 00:07:49,440 --> 00:07:52,320 Speaker 1: the span of seven years from thirteen forty seven to 132 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:57,200 Speaker 1: thirteen fifty four. So if things played out merely as 133 00:07:57,280 --> 00:07:59,880 Speaker 1: at this point the fulfilled love story of Pedro and 134 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:03,240 Speaker 1: and is that we have right at this point in 135 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:05,400 Speaker 1: the telling, it might have been a more or less 136 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 1: happily ever after situation. Pedro and Az at this point 137 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:12,080 Speaker 1: are finally together, they have children that they love, They're 138 00:08:12,080 --> 00:08:16,000 Speaker 1: living as a family and everything seems great. But as 139 00:08:16,040 --> 00:08:19,080 Speaker 1: the two of them were expanding their family, and as 140 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:23,520 Speaker 1: his brothers Alvaro and Fernando were bending Pedro's ear about 141 00:08:23,520 --> 00:08:27,360 Speaker 1: a plan they had hatched. The Castor brothers allegedly wanted 142 00:08:27,400 --> 00:08:31,240 Speaker 1: their sister's beloved Prince Pedro of Portugal to take advantage 143 00:08:31,280 --> 00:08:35,000 Speaker 1: of the weak situation of his cousin, Pedro of Castile, 144 00:08:35,679 --> 00:08:39,080 Speaker 1: who was inheritor to the throne of Castile. So yes, 145 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:43,520 Speaker 1: to make things a little confusing, especially in an audio format, 146 00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:46,520 Speaker 1: there were two Pedros at this point. Yeah, there were 147 00:08:46,520 --> 00:08:49,680 Speaker 1: actually multiple Pedro's ruling Europe in the very short period 148 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:52,000 Speaker 1: of time. So it gets really confusing when you're reading, 149 00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:55,600 Speaker 1: uh any any of the histories, you kind of have 150 00:08:55,640 --> 00:08:58,520 Speaker 1: to highlight and color code them. And as you may recall, 151 00:08:58,679 --> 00:09:01,680 Speaker 1: Pedro of Portugal was the grandson of King Sancho the 152 00:09:01,679 --> 00:09:05,000 Speaker 1: fourth of Castile, so he did have a lineage connection 153 00:09:05,559 --> 00:09:08,719 Speaker 1: to the Castile throne on his mother's side, uh And 154 00:09:08,880 --> 00:09:13,480 Speaker 1: he was kind of being convinced Bianeza's brothers that making 155 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:15,800 Speaker 1: a claim for the throne was a good idea, but 156 00:09:15,920 --> 00:09:19,200 Speaker 1: his father, King Afonso the fourth, was really not enthused 157 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:21,720 Speaker 1: with this whole drama. I feel like King Afonso is 158 00:09:21,720 --> 00:09:25,959 Speaker 1: constantly going wise, They're always drama around Pedro and his uh. 159 00:09:26,040 --> 00:09:28,520 Speaker 1: He was concerned that, thanks to the bad influence of 160 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:31,840 Speaker 1: the Castros, his entire kingdom was going to be in peril, 161 00:09:32,240 --> 00:09:35,760 Speaker 1: and there was some legitimate concern there it was not 162 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:39,720 Speaker 1: in Portugal's interest to get involved in Castile's squabbles over 163 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:43,800 Speaker 1: the line of succession. Also, Afonso was worried that Ineza's 164 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:47,920 Speaker 1: scheming brothers would try to insert their sister's children with 165 00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:51,240 Speaker 1: Pedro of Portugal and to Portugal's line for the throne, 166 00:09:51,559 --> 00:09:55,120 Speaker 1: which would almost certainly lead to a civil war. Prince 167 00:09:55,120 --> 00:09:58,320 Speaker 1: Pedro's son, Ferdinand, who he had had with Constanza, was 168 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:01,280 Speaker 1: next in line for the throne, and King Afonso wanted 169 00:10:01,320 --> 00:10:05,240 Speaker 1: to ensure that transition. And there was also some concern 170 00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:08,160 Speaker 1: that Ferdinand, who was a rather frail child, could be 171 00:10:08,200 --> 00:10:11,800 Speaker 1: an easy target for someone with designs on the Portuguese throne. 172 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:17,720 Speaker 1: So there was certainly a valid, uh you know, interest 173 00:10:17,840 --> 00:10:22,720 Speaker 1: in stamping out any potential um uprisings. And to top 174 00:10:22,760 --> 00:10:25,880 Speaker 1: all of those concerns off, King Afonso the Fourth would 175 00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:29,280 Speaker 1: have really liked to make another political alliance by marrying 176 00:10:29,320 --> 00:10:32,199 Speaker 1: his widowed son to an eligible and well placed royal 177 00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:35,880 Speaker 1: from another family. But Pedro had no interest in any 178 00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:39,000 Speaker 1: other woman but in his so next we will talk 179 00:10:39,040 --> 00:10:42,680 Speaker 1: about how Pedro's father dealt with this problem, but first 180 00:10:42,720 --> 00:10:45,520 Speaker 1: we will pause for a word from one of our sponsors. 181 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:54,840 Speaker 1: So Afonso, to deal with this issue, consulted with his 182 00:10:54,880 --> 00:10:58,520 Speaker 1: most trusted advisers, and they suggested a course of action 183 00:10:58,559 --> 00:11:01,920 Speaker 1: that would put an end to the problem instantly and permanently. 184 00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:04,960 Speaker 1: And by the nature of those words, you have probably 185 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:07,640 Speaker 1: guessed that the solution that they put forth was to 186 00:11:07,679 --> 00:11:11,040 Speaker 1: get rid of an Az entirely. And the king weighed 187 00:11:11,080 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 1: this possibility in his mind, but he was really having 188 00:11:13,640 --> 00:11:18,840 Speaker 1: difficulty making the decision to have and As killed. However, 189 00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:24,240 Speaker 1: on January seven, five, Nas was murdered. I'll find to 190 00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:26,679 Speaker 1: the fourth had known of this plot to kill her, 191 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:29,200 Speaker 1: and he had in fact been involved with it, But 192 00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:32,240 Speaker 1: he had continued to be torn between his desire to 193 00:11:32,280 --> 00:11:34,079 Speaker 1: do what he thought was best for the country and 194 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:37,880 Speaker 1: the family line, and his very real feelings for these 195 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:40,480 Speaker 1: children that in As and his son had had together. 196 00:11:40,600 --> 00:11:44,719 Speaker 1: He was their grandfather, and and As allegedly begged the 197 00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:47,800 Speaker 1: king for her life when he and his men arrived 198 00:11:47,960 --> 00:11:50,360 Speaker 1: at her home with her children right there with her, 199 00:11:51,320 --> 00:11:54,720 Speaker 1: and he, unable to fully commit one way or the other, 200 00:11:55,280 --> 00:11:58,320 Speaker 1: turned and left, telling his men to do whatever they wanted, 201 00:11:58,800 --> 00:12:01,559 Speaker 1: and apparently what they want to do was murder in Z. 202 00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:04,160 Speaker 1: So they stabbed her to death, and she was buried 203 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:08,160 Speaker 1: in the monastery at Santa Clara. It's also possible that 204 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:12,319 Speaker 1: Pedro had learned about this plot himself, and encyclopedia, written 205 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:14,480 Speaker 1: in eighteen thirty six switched to be fair as much 206 00:12:14,559 --> 00:12:17,240 Speaker 1: later claimed that the Queen had gotten wind of this 207 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:20,400 Speaker 1: treachery and warned her son, but that Pedro dismissed the 208 00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:23,960 Speaker 1: information as propaganda that was just intended to frighten him 209 00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:27,760 Speaker 1: away from me. Nice Prince Pedro was, of course i 210 00:12:27,920 --> 00:12:30,600 Speaker 1: rate at the loss of his love and z and 211 00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:34,280 Speaker 1: this murder catalyzed a rebellion against the king, with Pedro 212 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:36,840 Speaker 1: at the lead, and as his brothers joined him in 213 00:12:36,880 --> 00:12:39,280 Speaker 1: this revolt, and over the course of several months, the 214 00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:43,400 Speaker 1: bereaved and irate Pedro and his men waged a war 215 00:12:43,440 --> 00:12:47,439 Speaker 1: against Pedro's father, a fonse of the force. In the end, 216 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:50,720 Speaker 1: Queen Beatrice had to get involved As the wife of 217 00:12:50,760 --> 00:12:53,560 Speaker 1: a Fonder the fourth and the mother of Prince Pedro, 218 00:12:53,720 --> 00:12:56,320 Speaker 1: she was able to broke her a piece between the 219 00:12:56,360 --> 00:12:59,960 Speaker 1: two men, father and son forgave each other at least 220 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:03,400 Speaker 1: ston word and Pedro pardoned the men who had murdered Eniz, 221 00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:07,360 Speaker 1: and things settled down in the royal family for the 222 00:13:07,440 --> 00:13:11,560 Speaker 1: next two years. But then Afonso the Fourth died, leaving 223 00:13:11,600 --> 00:13:15,760 Speaker 1: Pedro as his successor to the throne. Pedro the First 224 00:13:15,760 --> 00:13:19,200 Speaker 1: of Portugal was crowned in thirteen fifty seven, becoming the 225 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:23,040 Speaker 1: eighth King of Portugal, and almost immediately after assuming his 226 00:13:23,120 --> 00:13:26,440 Speaker 1: role as monarch, Pedro made it plain that while he 227 00:13:26,559 --> 00:13:29,120 Speaker 1: claimed to have forgiven it as his death, he was 228 00:13:29,160 --> 00:13:33,200 Speaker 1: still very angry. The men who had been part of 229 00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:36,680 Speaker 1: the murder plot had all fled Portugal even after Pedro 230 00:13:36,840 --> 00:13:39,719 Speaker 1: and Alfonso had made their truth, and Pedro wanted them 231 00:13:39,760 --> 00:13:43,320 Speaker 1: brought back to face justice. He was able to negotiate 232 00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:46,199 Speaker 1: for the return of the two of the men, Pedro 233 00:13:46,280 --> 00:13:50,600 Speaker 1: Coelo and Alvarez Gonsalves, who had fled to Castile in 234 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:55,199 Speaker 1: exchange for other fugitives that country wanted from Portugal. Portugal 235 00:13:56,200 --> 00:13:59,319 Speaker 1: the third man had fled to Aragon and the Portuguese 236 00:13:59,440 --> 00:14:03,360 Speaker 1: king was not able to secure his return. The two 237 00:14:03,360 --> 00:14:06,760 Speaker 1: men that were returned to Pedro the First face torture 238 00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:08,640 Speaker 1: for what they had done, and then they were put 239 00:14:08,679 --> 00:14:13,439 Speaker 1: to death in a gruesome execution parallelling what King Pedro 240 00:14:13,559 --> 00:14:16,640 Speaker 1: the First felt when Anez was killed. The men had 241 00:14:16,640 --> 00:14:19,600 Speaker 1: their hearts cut out, one had his pulled out through 242 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:23,400 Speaker 1: his back, the other through his chest, and King Pedro 243 00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:26,280 Speaker 1: is said to have witnessed the executions as his servants 244 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:30,360 Speaker 1: brought him his dinner. Pedro the First calculated move to 245 00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:33,480 Speaker 1: wait until he came to power and then exact his 246 00:14:33,560 --> 00:14:37,400 Speaker 1: revenge earned him the nickname Pedro the Cruel. It's also 247 00:14:37,440 --> 00:14:41,120 Speaker 1: worth noting that there were three men named Pedro ruling 248 00:14:41,200 --> 00:14:44,080 Speaker 1: in the area at the time, when over Castile, one 249 00:14:44,120 --> 00:14:47,520 Speaker 1: over Aragon, and then Pedro the First of Portugal, when 250 00:14:47,560 --> 00:14:51,600 Speaker 1: all of them have been given the name Pedro the 251 00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:56,400 Speaker 1: Cruel in various writings. As we said, especially confusing in 252 00:14:56,440 --> 00:15:01,440 Speaker 1: an audio format, Pedro the First of Portugal is also 253 00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:05,320 Speaker 1: referred to as Pedro the Jest. Yeah, just to further 254 00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:08,200 Speaker 1: confuse things, there is also a Pedro the First of 255 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:11,680 Speaker 1: Brazil that sometimes when you do a search, you will 256 00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:14,560 Speaker 1: realize that other historians have conflated the two of them 257 00:15:14,560 --> 00:15:17,120 Speaker 1: a little bit. So there's a lot of untangling and 258 00:15:17,120 --> 00:15:20,160 Speaker 1: like sort of thread combing you have to do to 259 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,600 Speaker 1: figure out what, when and where people are referring to 260 00:15:23,640 --> 00:15:28,680 Speaker 1: which Pedro. But the executions of Ineza's killers did not 261 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:32,960 Speaker 1: bring King Pedro the First any sort of peace. Several 262 00:15:33,040 --> 00:15:36,400 Speaker 1: years after his reign began, Pedro announced on June twelfth, 263 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:39,320 Speaker 1: thirteen sixty that, in fact he and he and Anez 264 00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:43,200 Speaker 1: had been secretly married two years after Constanza had died. 265 00:15:44,360 --> 00:15:47,920 Speaker 1: Two men, a bishop and that bishop's attendant, were named 266 00:15:47,920 --> 00:15:50,840 Speaker 1: as having witnessed the wedding, and while no specific date 267 00:15:50,880 --> 00:15:53,360 Speaker 1: of the nuptials could be recalled by any of the men, 268 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:57,040 Speaker 1: this announcement was backed up by a papal document indicating 269 00:15:57,080 --> 00:16:00,280 Speaker 1: that Pedro had gotten consent to remarry from the Pope, 270 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:03,760 Speaker 1: and that papal document was publicly displayed as proof and 271 00:16:03,840 --> 00:16:07,680 Speaker 1: validation of the marriage to Anz. This declaration had an 272 00:16:07,720 --> 00:16:12,120 Speaker 1: important impact. First, it made Anez de Castro Queen of Portugal, 273 00:16:12,280 --> 00:16:17,960 Speaker 1: although posthumously, and second it also legitimized their three surviving 274 00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:21,200 Speaker 1: children and opened up futures for them that otherwise would 275 00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:24,240 Speaker 1: have just been unthinkable. But this also meant that as 276 00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:27,840 Speaker 1: Queen Inez was entitled to a much grander final resting 277 00:16:27,880 --> 00:16:31,040 Speaker 1: place than she had initially been given, So she was, 278 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:34,880 Speaker 1: at Pedro's request, exhumed from the Santa Clara monastery and 279 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:37,640 Speaker 1: moved to the Tomb of Kings, where she was reinterred 280 00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:40,760 Speaker 1: in a tomb on April two of thirteen sixty one. 281 00:16:41,320 --> 00:16:46,080 Speaker 1: Her final burial ceremony was extravagant and regal in every way. 282 00:16:46,280 --> 00:16:49,840 Speaker 1: Her body was escorted from Santa Clara and Coimbra to 283 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:55,320 Speaker 1: the monastery of Alcobasa by a full parade of maids, noblemen, clergy, 284 00:16:55,440 --> 00:16:59,480 Speaker 1: and horses, with a reported thousand men carrying candles to 285 00:16:59,640 --> 00:17:03,160 Speaker 1: ensure that there was always light on her. One historian 286 00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:06,200 Speaker 1: who wrote about these events in the eighteen nineties described 287 00:17:06,240 --> 00:17:11,080 Speaker 1: the processional as being led by two lines of stars. 288 00:17:11,080 --> 00:17:14,439 Speaker 1: Just such a beautiful image, and as de Castro's tomb, 289 00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:17,000 Speaker 1: which still exists, and we'll talk about this some more, 290 00:17:17,440 --> 00:17:20,840 Speaker 1: is quite a thing to behold. It is an intricately 291 00:17:20,960 --> 00:17:24,440 Speaker 1: carved white marble work of art. It depicts and as 292 00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:28,679 Speaker 1: lying atop it protected by angels, while scenes of the 293 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:32,639 Speaker 1: New Testament are carved into the sides, and the entire 294 00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:36,120 Speaker 1: tomb sits atop six figures which bear the weight, which 295 00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:40,000 Speaker 1: have human faces but animal bodies, and the sculpture of 296 00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:43,000 Speaker 1: a naz wears beautiful robes in the crown of a queen. 297 00:17:43,640 --> 00:17:46,520 Speaker 1: But the artist or artists involved who created this example 298 00:17:46,600 --> 00:17:51,760 Speaker 1: of Gothic funerary sculpture remain unknown. Pedro lived another six 299 00:17:51,920 --> 00:17:55,560 Speaker 1: years after Inez was laid to rest again for the 300 00:17:55,600 --> 00:17:59,480 Speaker 1: second time. He was assassinated in thirteen sixty seven and 301 00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:04,240 Speaker 1: was then seeded by his son Ferdinand. The first Pedro's tomb, 302 00:18:04,320 --> 00:18:07,240 Speaker 1: which was placed next to his beloved is also lavishly 303 00:18:07,320 --> 00:18:11,080 Speaker 1: carved of marble. The sides on his feature scenes from St. 304 00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:15,000 Speaker 1: Bartholomew's life and legan Is. Pedro has represented atop the 305 00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:18,359 Speaker 1: tomb with angels surrounding him. The sides of the tomb 306 00:18:18,359 --> 00:18:22,359 Speaker 1: feature scenes from St. Bartholomew's life and ligan As. Pedro 307 00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:26,119 Speaker 1: has represented atop the tomb with angels surrounding him. He 308 00:18:26,280 --> 00:18:28,399 Speaker 1: is wearing a crown and in his left hand is 309 00:18:28,440 --> 00:18:31,240 Speaker 1: his sword, and there is also a dog at his feet. 310 00:18:31,720 --> 00:18:34,560 Speaker 1: There are many other details to it. It's really quite beautiful. 311 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:38,240 Speaker 1: His tomb also sits on six stone figures like Inness, 312 00:18:38,280 --> 00:18:41,159 Speaker 1: but his figures are lions, and it also features the 313 00:18:41,160 --> 00:18:44,640 Speaker 1: crest of Portugal. Next up, we will talk a little 314 00:18:44,680 --> 00:18:47,560 Speaker 1: about the mythology of Pedro in a NEETs, but first 315 00:18:47,600 --> 00:18:50,000 Speaker 1: we will take another quick break for a word from 316 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:58,280 Speaker 1: one of our awesome sponsors. As Holly mentioned at the 317 00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:00,720 Speaker 1: top of the show, this is one of the historical 318 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:03,760 Speaker 1: stories that, both because of its age and it's very 319 00:19:03,840 --> 00:19:08,440 Speaker 1: romantic and pretty dramatic nature, has been blurred by retellings 320 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:12,320 Speaker 1: over the centuries. For example, while Inis was most likely 321 00:19:12,480 --> 00:19:15,240 Speaker 1: killed at Santa Clara of Veja, where she and Pedro 322 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:18,560 Speaker 1: had been living with their children, the story is often 323 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:23,040 Speaker 1: told that she died in a completely different location, Quinta 324 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:27,640 Speaker 1: dust Lagrimas, which translates into a state of tears. According 325 00:19:27,680 --> 00:19:31,919 Speaker 1: to myth, her blood still stains the stones there, and 326 00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:35,879 Speaker 1: there are some tales that she haunts the place. Yeah, 327 00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:39,159 Speaker 1: and while many versions of the story uh indicate that 328 00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:41,760 Speaker 1: and As was stabbed when she was killed, some say 329 00:19:41,800 --> 00:19:45,639 Speaker 1: she was decapitated, and to make things extra gruesome, that 330 00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:48,439 Speaker 1: this happened while at least one and possibly all of 331 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:51,720 Speaker 1: her children looked on. And this is contradictory to some 332 00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:53,640 Speaker 1: of the other mythology that we're going to talk about 333 00:19:53,640 --> 00:19:57,439 Speaker 1: in just a moment. Additionally, while Pedro the First of 334 00:19:57,520 --> 00:20:00,800 Speaker 1: Portugal had the nickname of Pedro the Cruel, he really 335 00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:03,440 Speaker 1: seemed like a kind monarch when it came to his people. 336 00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:06,639 Speaker 1: He cut spending on the part of the nobility to 337 00:20:06,720 --> 00:20:10,359 Speaker 1: ease the burden on the more common people. He also 338 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:15,240 Speaker 1: reformed the Portuguese justice system and instituted the beneplacidal reggio, 339 00:20:15,320 --> 00:20:18,359 Speaker 1: which was a means by which any decree, act or 340 00:20:18,520 --> 00:20:21,080 Speaker 1: document of the church had to be approved by the 341 00:20:21,080 --> 00:20:24,479 Speaker 1: monarchy before it could be released publicly, and this is 342 00:20:24,680 --> 00:20:27,199 Speaker 1: possibly also why he was known as Pedro the Just. 343 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:30,480 Speaker 1: The people he reigned over saw him as benevolent, while 344 00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:32,879 Speaker 1: the nobility may have called him cruel more because of 345 00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:36,760 Speaker 1: the cutbacks that he forced on him rather than necessarily 346 00:20:36,800 --> 00:20:40,320 Speaker 1: his vengeance plot. He is also sometimes characterized as being 347 00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:44,320 Speaker 1: called just because of his affinity for seeking justice, and 348 00:20:44,440 --> 00:20:47,439 Speaker 1: even to the degree that at times the execution of 349 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:50,520 Speaker 1: Aneza's murderers is described as having been carried out by 350 00:20:50,600 --> 00:20:54,119 Speaker 1: Pedro himself, including tearing the men's hearts out with his 351 00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:58,800 Speaker 1: bare hands. Another area where this mythology of star cross 352 00:20:58,880 --> 00:21:02,520 Speaker 1: lovers takes on some fantastic claims is in the various 353 00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:07,680 Speaker 1: descriptions of Inness's royal burial after her exhimation, and some 354 00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:11,000 Speaker 1: versions of the story Pedro placed his deceased beloved on 355 00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:13,760 Speaker 1: a throne before her in hum placed a crown on 356 00:21:13,800 --> 00:21:16,440 Speaker 1: her head, and then kissed her hand, and then made 357 00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:19,320 Speaker 1: the entire court pledge their loyalty to the queen and 358 00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:23,480 Speaker 1: also kiss her hand in turn. Some versions say they 359 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:26,880 Speaker 1: had to kiss the hem of her gown. Okay, so 360 00:21:26,920 --> 00:21:29,040 Speaker 1: if you think about this for just a moment, the 361 00:21:29,119 --> 00:21:32,919 Speaker 1: math involved makes this super gruesome. There were six years 362 00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:36,040 Speaker 1: between Enness's murder and her exhimation, so if any of 363 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:40,159 Speaker 1: this putting on the throne, kissing the hand did happen, 364 00:21:40,280 --> 00:21:42,600 Speaker 1: it is a marvel that the entire court would not 365 00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:47,040 Speaker 1: have fainted in horror. It takes I think on average, 366 00:21:47,040 --> 00:21:49,520 Speaker 1: I'm I'm completely pulling this out of air. So if 367 00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:53,080 Speaker 1: I'm incorrect, know that it's not verified information. Something like 368 00:21:53,160 --> 00:21:57,000 Speaker 1: eight to twelve years for a not embalmed body to decompose, 369 00:21:57,080 --> 00:21:59,600 Speaker 1: so you can imagine what state she might have been 370 00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:03,520 Speaker 1: in after six years. Additionally, if she had been beheaded, 371 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:06,240 Speaker 1: this whole affair would have been even stranger, and there 372 00:22:06,560 --> 00:22:08,680 Speaker 1: doesn't seem to be any mention of a head Listen 373 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:12,080 Speaker 1: as ever, having been put on the throne in her 374 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:16,840 Speaker 1: deceased state. One of the important things to consider when 375 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:19,800 Speaker 1: turning over the various accounts of Pedro and in AZ's 376 00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:22,760 Speaker 1: love story is the fact that they were all written 377 00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:25,520 Speaker 1: quite some time after the fact. I mean, this was 378 00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:29,439 Speaker 1: a fourteenth century story, and a lot of the accounts 379 00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:33,199 Speaker 1: that we talked about were from the nineteenth century. A 380 00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:36,159 Speaker 1: great deal of the chronicling of Portuguese history that was 381 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:39,359 Speaker 1: done by writers officially entrusted with the task by the 382 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:43,080 Speaker 1: crown would have wanted to legitimize and honor the lineage 383 00:22:43,119 --> 00:22:45,639 Speaker 1: of the royal family they were serving at the time 384 00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:49,320 Speaker 1: they were writing it. Yeah, the earliest ones are in 385 00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:51,879 Speaker 1: I think the late fourteen hundreds and it goes on 386 00:22:51,960 --> 00:22:55,679 Speaker 1: from there. So any any given regent that was asking 387 00:22:55,720 --> 00:22:58,520 Speaker 1: a writer to write down the chronicles may have wanted 388 00:22:58,560 --> 00:23:01,760 Speaker 1: to position things in one way or another, but they 389 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:05,840 Speaker 1: were always to make that regent look the best. So uh, 390 00:23:05,880 --> 00:23:09,679 Speaker 1: that's the scoop. Uh. There have been many, many, many 391 00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:12,760 Speaker 1: fictionalized versions of the pedro in and his love story. 392 00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:16,159 Speaker 1: Over the centuries, that pair has been the subject of 393 00:23:16,320 --> 00:23:20,919 Speaker 1: poems and novels, and paintings and sculptures, operas and ballets. 394 00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:23,439 Speaker 1: Just about any creative medium that you can think of 395 00:23:23,520 --> 00:23:26,199 Speaker 1: has been used to convey the romance and tragedy of 396 00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:28,959 Speaker 1: this piece of Portuguese history. And as we mentioned at 397 00:23:28,960 --> 00:23:31,080 Speaker 1: the very beginning of the show, it's possible that their 398 00:23:31,119 --> 00:23:34,679 Speaker 1: story was actually the inspiration for Romeo and Juliet. The 399 00:23:34,760 --> 00:23:38,320 Speaker 1: monastery at Alcabasa, where the lovers were entombed, is now 400 00:23:38,359 --> 00:23:42,120 Speaker 1: a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Gets situated in central Portugal, 401 00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:45,520 Speaker 1: north of Lisbon, and dates to the twelfth century. It 402 00:23:45,640 --> 00:23:48,879 Speaker 1: was founded by King Alfonso the First and is closely 403 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:53,440 Speaker 1: related to the beginnings of the Portuguese monarchy. Yeah, there's 404 00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:57,680 Speaker 1: some beautiful pictures on the UNESCO site of this monastery 405 00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:01,439 Speaker 1: and then h in eighteen ten Tina leven, some of 406 00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:05,119 Speaker 1: the sculptural details of those beautifully carved tombs were damaged 407 00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:09,200 Speaker 1: by Napoleon's troops. The looting and apparent beating of these 408 00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:12,439 Speaker 1: pieces of art that was done by the French at 409 00:24:12,440 --> 00:24:15,840 Speaker 1: the time has left some of the delicate work permanently spoiled, 410 00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:19,679 Speaker 1: Pedro and Andez do remain there in their tombs, although 411 00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:22,119 Speaker 1: they are no longer placed side by side. They had 412 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:24,119 Speaker 1: to be moved apart a bit to make room for 413 00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:27,199 Speaker 1: the many visitors who often come to see the doomed 414 00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:35,600 Speaker 1: lovers happy Valent. It's a good story though. It really 415 00:24:35,680 --> 00:24:38,280 Speaker 1: is a compelling one and very interesting even when you 416 00:24:38,280 --> 00:24:41,560 Speaker 1: strip it down to the bare bones. Uh, there's a 417 00:24:41,560 --> 00:24:51,320 Speaker 1: lot of intrigue there. Yeah, it's good stuff. Hey, so 418 00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:54,480 Speaker 1: much for joining us on this Saturday. Since this episode 419 00:24:54,600 --> 00:24:56,320 Speaker 1: is out of the archive, if you heard an email 420 00:24:56,320 --> 00:24:58,720 Speaker 1: address or a Facebook U r L or something similar 421 00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:01,640 Speaker 1: over the course of the show, that could be obsolete now. 422 00:25:02,040 --> 00:25:06,240 Speaker 1: Our current email address is History Podcast at i heart 423 00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:10,040 Speaker 1: radio dot com. 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