WEBVTT - How Time Travel Works (Live at SD Comic-Con) 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.520 It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff you should know 0:00:08.119 --> 0:00:17.119 from house Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to 0:00:17.360 --> 0:00:20.200 the podcast pre rap. I guess it's what you call that, 0:00:20.200 --> 0:00:27.000 a right, Chuck? Yeah, sure, prolog Forward is a good one. Um. 0:00:27.040 --> 0:00:31.120 I'm Josh and that's Chuck, and we are introducing a 0:00:31.160 --> 0:00:34.559 live podcast that we recorded in San Diego just a 0:00:34.600 --> 0:00:39.839 little while ago. Wait, July twelve, I think I don't remember. 0:00:40.000 --> 0:00:42.040 I believe it was the twelfth of July. It was 0:00:42.080 --> 0:00:44.519 great fun though. At common Con. Yeah, it was a 0:00:44.520 --> 0:00:48.440 big deal. Um, there were people who waited in line 0:00:48.960 --> 0:00:51.880 to get in. Some of those very people didn't get 0:00:51.920 --> 0:00:55.160 in got turned away to see us. That was weird. 0:00:55.560 --> 0:00:58.920 All those people were sorry for the people that came 0:00:58.960 --> 0:01:01.080 that weren't fans of the show, and if you happen 0:01:01.080 --> 0:01:03.760 to be listening now, then welcome and thank you for 0:01:03.840 --> 0:01:07.679 coming just out of interest. That was pretty weird, you know, 0:01:07.720 --> 0:01:09.120 to see people They're like, I don't know who these 0:01:09.160 --> 0:01:12.360 guys are, but it sounds interesting. Those were the three 0:01:12.760 --> 0:01:16.559 people who had their arms crossed in front of their chests. Yeah, 0:01:17.000 --> 0:01:21.399 expectantly and then disappointed. Um, so we're gonna just kind 0:01:21.400 --> 0:01:24.280 of get into this. If if anything seems out of 0:01:24.319 --> 0:01:27.200 place or you're freaked out by people laughing, just remember 0:01:27.200 --> 0:01:29.840 it's the recording of a live podcast. Jerry did a 0:01:29.880 --> 0:01:33.160 great job recording it, and um, so here's us doing 0:01:33.240 --> 0:01:40.560 time travel at Comic Con two thousand twelve. But those, 0:01:40.600 --> 0:01:43.720 if you don't know, we have a podcast called stuff. 0:01:43.720 --> 0:01:47.760 You know, it's on a website called how stuff dot com, 0:01:48.040 --> 0:01:51.360 our beloved website, and pretty soon we are going to 0:01:51.400 --> 0:01:56.360 be on the Science Channel too in January. Right, Um, 0:01:57.000 --> 0:01:59.520 time travel, Yeah, let's do Time Traveler. Everybody ready to 0:01:59.560 --> 0:02:01.800 learn a little bit about time travel. We're just gonna 0:02:01.840 --> 0:02:04.680 do our thing. We're recording this live. Everybody, say hi 0:02:04.720 --> 0:02:09.320 to everybody who's not here. For fans of the show, 0:02:09.360 --> 0:02:13.160 we have our producer, Jerry is actually here. I want 0:02:13.160 --> 0:02:21.320 to say hi Jerry. Alright, brass tacks, Jerry, did you 0:02:21.360 --> 0:02:24.800 press record yet? Okay? So we are recording kid alright, 0:02:24.840 --> 0:02:29.400 so um chuck, gosh, have you ever heard of a 0:02:29.440 --> 0:02:34.079 guy named Andrew Basaguel? I never know what to say 0:02:34.120 --> 0:02:36.320 here because I do, But should I say now? Just 0:02:36.320 --> 0:02:39.239 say maybe? Maybe? Okay? So let me tell you a 0:02:39.280 --> 0:02:42.519 little bit about this guy. All right. He's a Seattle attorney. 0:02:42.720 --> 0:02:46.399 Oh I know this guy, Okay, And ever since two 0:02:46.400 --> 0:02:49.480 thousand four has been talking publicly about how he was 0:02:49.560 --> 0:02:52.919 part of something that he says it was called Project Pegasus, 0:02:53.600 --> 0:02:58.000 which was supposedly a DARPA initiative for time travel. Yeah, 0:02:58.080 --> 0:03:01.960 the U. S. Government was using children because apparently children 0:03:02.000 --> 0:03:06.120 were specifically suited for time travel, which I didn't know 0:03:06.440 --> 0:03:08.840 more so than adults. We should say that this guy 0:03:08.919 --> 0:03:11.440 is the only source for this information. That's kind of 0:03:11.440 --> 0:03:14.960 a big qualifier, very much. Um. But so he does 0:03:15.000 --> 0:03:17.480 have a pretty good story, like Um. Throughout the seventies, 0:03:17.480 --> 0:03:20.440 from age seven to twelve, he uh did a lot 0:03:20.480 --> 0:03:24.359 of Lincoln assignments. I guess he traveled to Gettysburg at 0:03:24.400 --> 0:03:26.880 one point, um, where he was captured in a famous 0:03:26.960 --> 0:03:30.520 Josephine Cobb photograph. And I went and looked, and I 0:03:30.520 --> 0:03:32.840 mean it could be him. It's really blurry photographs. There 0:03:34.440 --> 0:03:37.280 were several guys, but it was from eighteen sixty three, 0:03:37.320 --> 0:03:40.040 so they didn't know what they were doing back then. Um. 0:03:40.080 --> 0:03:42.640 And then he also traveled a Ford Steater several times, 0:03:43.160 --> 0:03:46.080 where at one point he ran into another version of 0:03:46.160 --> 0:03:48.480 himself from another time that had traveled back there for 0:03:48.520 --> 0:03:51.920 that same night the Lincoln assassination, by the way, so um, 0:03:52.080 --> 0:03:53.560 and all of this, by the way, was based on 0:03:53.640 --> 0:03:57.080 technology that was made from schematics found among the personal 0:03:57.080 --> 0:04:00.760 effects um of Nikola Tesla, that's who died in New York. 0:04:02.160 --> 0:04:04.880 So supposedly the US government ransacked the department, came up 0:04:04.880 --> 0:04:07.640 with us bill these time portals. Now, far be it 0:04:07.680 --> 0:04:10.000 from me to cast this persions on another person's story, 0:04:10.280 --> 0:04:14.040 Chuck in. My motto is to each his own always. Yes, 0:04:14.440 --> 0:04:17.760 we should like clink swords when we say um. But 0:04:18.400 --> 0:04:21.400 I would buy this guy's story a little more if 0:04:21.440 --> 0:04:23.640 he said that he was traveling to the future. Because 0:04:23.720 --> 0:04:27.040 after researching for this presentation it's doing a little bit 0:04:27.040 --> 0:04:28.760 of time travel research, I found that there are a 0:04:28.800 --> 0:04:34.440 lot of bona fide, legitimate physicist cosmologists who say that, yes, 0:04:34.560 --> 0:04:36.919 it is entirely possible to travel to the future, and 0:04:37.000 --> 0:04:39.400 we kind of do it every day. It's pretty exciting. 0:04:39.560 --> 0:04:41.400 It's just yeah, it's it's true. Do you want to 0:04:41.440 --> 0:04:43.680 talk about it now? Yeah? You know, Josh, there's an 0:04:43.680 --> 0:04:47.560 old joke in the scientific community, in the time travel community, 0:04:47.600 --> 0:04:50.360 about a Let me see if I get this right 0:04:50.760 --> 0:04:54.560 about an immigrant who comes to the United States las 0:04:54.600 --> 0:04:57.680 I would, I imagine, and he lost he lost his watch. 0:04:57.800 --> 0:05:00.000 It's really sad. And he goes up to a science 0:05:00.040 --> 0:05:04.279 tis and he says, please, what's this time? I don't 0:05:04.279 --> 0:05:06.960 know what country that is. That's that's a general maybe 0:05:07.040 --> 0:05:11.440 European act. Okay, he's European. And the scientist replies, I'm sorry, 0:05:11.480 --> 0:05:14.160 you'll have to ask a philosopher. I'm just a physicist. 0:05:15.200 --> 0:05:17.640 Kind of a silly joke, a good time travel scientists. 0:05:18.800 --> 0:05:23.120 This kills it in lab rooms, but it is a 0:05:23.120 --> 0:05:24.760 silly joke, but it really gets to the heart of 0:05:24.760 --> 0:05:27.560 the matter. When you're talking time travel, it is very 0:05:27.640 --> 0:05:30.960 much a philosophical question, and it is Uh, if time 0:05:31.000 --> 0:05:34.680 flows like a river, like some people think, in one direction, Uh, 0:05:34.720 --> 0:05:37.360 the question is can you stop that flow, can you 0:05:37.440 --> 0:05:40.800 reverse that flow? Can you go back in time? Or 0:05:40.800 --> 0:05:42.680 can you speed up the flow and go forward in time? 0:05:42.760 --> 0:05:45.120 That's kind of the question. Yeah. I find it hardening 0:05:45.160 --> 0:05:48.520 to see like physicists and philosophers getting along having a 0:05:48.560 --> 0:05:54.200 beer talking about time traveler having their brains melt together. Um, 0:05:54.240 --> 0:05:56.920 and you were talking about time flowing like a river. 0:05:57.880 --> 0:06:00.520 Can I talk about my boy Stephen Hawking? Yeah? Sure, 0:06:00.600 --> 0:06:04.160 Do we have any Hawking fans in here? Same here? 0:06:04.320 --> 0:06:09.480 I love that guy. Yeah, he's my Hawking is my homeboy. Um. 0:06:09.960 --> 0:06:12.839 Stephen Hawking was talking about how he wrote this this 0:06:13.000 --> 0:06:15.279 really great article or essay or whatever you want to 0:06:15.279 --> 0:06:17.919 call it for the Daily Mail of all people, UM 0:06:17.960 --> 0:06:20.960 about time travel, and then he talks about time as 0:06:20.960 --> 0:06:23.719 a river. He says, it's very poetically. It's like a 0:06:23.800 --> 0:06:26.719 river because it flows in one direction, you know, and 0:06:27.160 --> 0:06:29.800 we're all just kind of going along with it. But 0:06:30.200 --> 0:06:32.760 it's also a bit like a river in that UM 0:06:32.800 --> 0:06:36.280 in different spots, it travels at different speeds, and if 0:06:36.279 --> 0:06:38.360 we can figure out how to exploit those different spots, 0:06:38.480 --> 0:06:40.160 then we can get to like the brass texts of 0:06:40.240 --> 0:06:43.760 time travel. Yeah, Hawking basically thinks you can travel into 0:06:43.760 --> 0:06:46.480 the future. All you have to go is really really, 0:06:46.520 --> 0:06:50.719 really really fast. And we're talking, uh, I think the 0:06:50.800 --> 0:06:54.720 stat is the fastest thing ever was Apollo ten yea 0:06:56.200 --> 0:06:59.320 thousand miles an hour. That's very very fast. If you 0:06:59.320 --> 0:07:01.000 want a time travel wall, Hawking says, you need to 0:07:01.000 --> 0:07:05.080 go two thousand times faster than that. That's really fast 0:07:05.160 --> 0:07:08.360 man interject something. Sure, I actually did the math, and 0:07:08.520 --> 0:07:13.160 Hawking got his math wrong way tim from what he 0:07:13.200 --> 0:07:15.200 goes on to say that you need to get very 0:07:15.240 --> 0:07:19.400 close to the speed of light. You have to go 0:07:19.480 --> 0:07:23.280 like twenty thousand times more, not two thousands. So I 0:07:23.360 --> 0:07:27.640 just corrected. Homeboy been hawking and it's math. And I 0:07:27.640 --> 0:07:29.360 hope he doesn't hear this because there will be a 0:07:29.440 --> 0:07:32.600 SmackDown afterward. I'm sure be like, oh, you know math, 0:07:32.680 --> 0:07:34.800 huh well. And one of the big problems with going 0:07:34.840 --> 0:07:37.400 that fast is fuel. In order to go that fast, 0:07:37.440 --> 0:07:40.480 you need a humongous ship that can carry fuel enough 0:07:40.560 --> 0:07:44.400 to travel. I think he said six years, like ramping 0:07:44.400 --> 0:07:47.520 it up speed wise, right, And that's not very likely 0:07:47.560 --> 0:07:50.160 at least any time. You would need the seed ship 0:07:50.920 --> 0:07:54.560 to go towards the speed of light, accelerating constantly for 0:07:54.600 --> 0:07:56.960 six years. And then like the fourth year you'd started 0:07:57.040 --> 0:08:00.320 time travel, could you hit speed of light which is 0:08:00.320 --> 0:08:03.320 like six d million miles an hour pretty fast? Um? 0:08:03.360 --> 0:08:06.760 And then I think at that point time goes um 0:08:06.840 --> 0:08:10.160 an hour on the ship equals two hours back on Earth, 0:08:10.760 --> 0:08:13.200 so you're starting to travel into the future relative to 0:08:13.240 --> 0:08:15.640 the Earth. Right. Then after another two years, you get 0:08:15.640 --> 0:08:18.760 to like the speed of light, which is like six 0:08:18.880 --> 0:08:23.320 hundred and sixty. That's when like a day, is it 0:08:23.400 --> 0:08:25.880 a day? A day on the ship equals like a 0:08:26.000 --> 0:08:29.559 year on Earth, which okay, then that's that's time travel. 0:08:29.600 --> 0:08:32.839 It's that's very very fast. And if you turned around 0:08:32.840 --> 0:08:34.960 and went back to Earth, you could be like, check 0:08:35.040 --> 0:08:37.839 me out, I'm from the past. Because really, this is 0:08:37.880 --> 0:08:40.840 another thing I figured out from from researching. This is 0:08:40.960 --> 0:08:44.000 time travel is really it doesn't matter if you don't 0:08:44.000 --> 0:08:46.360 have anyone to show it off to, Like you can 0:08:46.400 --> 0:08:48.640 go travel out and outer space as long as you 0:08:48.679 --> 0:08:50.719 want and live forever. But if no one's there to 0:08:50.760 --> 0:08:57.480 see it, who cares? You know? Exactly the philosopher's exactly. Yeah, 0:08:57.720 --> 0:09:02.680 So you go ahead. Are we at Carl Sagan or yeah, okay, 0:09:03.040 --> 0:09:04.679 that's always a great question to ask, are we at 0:09:04.679 --> 0:09:09.120 Carl Sagan? So Carl Sagan, who's my homeboy, has a 0:09:09.200 --> 0:09:13.960 viewpoint that sort of body slams the skeptics of the world. 0:09:14.320 --> 0:09:16.760 And I know there are skeptics, and skeptics like to 0:09:16.920 --> 0:09:20.640 unite and tell people things a lot with great vigor, 0:09:21.120 --> 0:09:23.760 but I am not one. I've always been more of 0:09:23.800 --> 0:09:25.800 a molder than a scully you know what I'm saying, 0:09:26.760 --> 0:09:29.600 And uh yeah, thank you for that. And here's what 0:09:29.640 --> 0:09:32.959 Carl Sagan has to say, because basically what skepticals say is, well, 0:09:33.040 --> 0:09:35.600 if you can dime travel, then why aren't we always 0:09:35.679 --> 0:09:39.839 visited by time travels all the time? That's skeptics. That's 0:09:39.840 --> 0:09:42.559 what skeptics sound like. I think we just said a 0:09:42.600 --> 0:09:46.920 skeptical form there than and Dunning, he's gone. Uh So 0:09:47.000 --> 0:09:48.719 Carl Sagan has this to say about gonna read it 0:09:48.720 --> 0:09:51.280 because I cannot summarize it any better than he says it. 0:09:51.559 --> 0:09:53.600 He says, first of all, it might be that you 0:09:53.640 --> 0:09:55.600 can build a time machine to go into the future 0:09:56.040 --> 0:09:58.679 but not into the past, and we don't know about it, 0:09:58.720 --> 0:10:02.240 but couzy, because we haven't yet invented that time machine. 0:10:02.840 --> 0:10:06.600 Little brain melting, but it makes sense. Secondly, it might 0:10:06.640 --> 0:10:10.160 be that time travel into the past is possible, but 0:10:10.200 --> 0:10:13.079 they haven't gotten to our time yet. They're just really 0:10:13.120 --> 0:10:15.560 far into the future. And the further back in time 0:10:15.600 --> 0:10:19.360 you go, the more expensive it is. That when I'm 0:10:19.360 --> 0:10:23.439 a little bit like a little economics into it. Uh. 0:10:23.480 --> 0:10:26.880 And then thirdly, maybe backward time travel is possible, but 0:10:27.040 --> 0:10:29.760 only up to the moment that time travel is invented, 0:10:30.280 --> 0:10:32.439 so we haven't invented it yet, so it can't come 0:10:32.480 --> 0:10:36.840 to us. We are s o l So that is like, yeah, 0:10:37.280 --> 0:10:41.040 you need to be drinking something to understand that. Uh 0:10:41.200 --> 0:10:43.440 so No, not really, not really. He's just saying like 0:10:43.520 --> 0:10:46.080 maybe there's like a like you just can't go back 0:10:46.120 --> 0:10:49.240 beyond the point where time travel is invented. He's just 0:10:49.280 --> 0:10:51.880 being a rabble rouser. And the final thing he says 0:10:51.960 --> 0:10:55.640 is there's a possibility that time travel is really perfectly possible, 0:10:55.840 --> 0:10:58.599 but it requires such a great advance on our technology 0:10:58.679 --> 0:11:01.640 that the human civil is Asian will destroy itself before 0:11:01.679 --> 0:11:04.440 they can invent it. That's the gloom and Doom one exactly. 0:11:04.760 --> 0:11:07.400 But and segands raising all these points to say, like, 0:11:07.480 --> 0:11:10.160 you know, if somebody's saying, if time travel is possible, 0:11:10.200 --> 0:11:12.199 where are all the time travelers? And he's saying, hey, 0:11:12.240 --> 0:11:15.360 hey man, keep an open mind. That's what he used 0:11:15.360 --> 0:11:18.199 to say. And put on this turtleneck, right, let's all 0:11:18.240 --> 0:11:20.760 just wear turtlenecks. Everyone will mellow out. And I like 0:11:20.800 --> 0:11:23.520 Carl Sagan. And there was one other thing about um 0:11:23.600 --> 0:11:27.400 hawkings view. He made a good point where if you 0:11:27.640 --> 0:11:29.920 aren't a show off, and you don't need to time 0:11:29.960 --> 0:11:33.640 travel just to impress your friends in the future. Um, 0:11:33.840 --> 0:11:37.280 you could use the same ship that's going super super 0:11:37.280 --> 0:11:39.280 fast towards the speed of light to just go to 0:11:39.320 --> 0:11:41.680 other parts of the Milky Way. It would come in 0:11:41.720 --> 0:11:44.839 handy very much for these long distance trips. Right. So, UM, 0:11:45.160 --> 0:11:47.640 say you wanted to make it to the iryan Nebula, 0:11:47.880 --> 0:11:53.480 you could do this several foul goption Chucks come in, Man, 0:11:53.559 --> 0:11:57.960 you hear something, Joshing Chuck, come in this time pilot 0:11:58.040 --> 0:12:05.560 John Hodgman speaking to you from the future. Hey, Hogy, 0:12:07.120 --> 0:12:09.760 she probably shouldn't be talking to me because I can't 0:12:09.760 --> 0:12:12.400 hear you. This is a time message. It only goes 0:12:12.400 --> 0:12:14.920 in one direction backwards, and I'm not even sure that 0:12:14.960 --> 0:12:16.760 I reached you. It all depends on if I got 0:12:16.800 --> 0:12:20.600 the time coordinates correct time coordinates by the way, just 0:12:20.760 --> 0:12:25.000 latitude and longitude and altitude and time. But listen, Josh 0:12:25.040 --> 0:12:27.160 and Chuck, if you're getting this message, I need you 0:12:27.200 --> 0:12:30.000 to do something. Things have gone horribly wrong and this 0:12:30.160 --> 0:12:33.200 time stream and it's all because of something that happens 0:12:33.559 --> 0:12:38.640 at comic conve that you are intimately involved with. Basically, 0:12:38.679 --> 0:12:42.760 you piss off John Sweden because you's already pressn't so 0:12:42.920 --> 0:12:46.040 I urge you look at a picture of John Sweden 0:12:46.040 --> 0:12:48.360 and don't piss him off, because if you do, he 0:12:48.400 --> 0:12:51.320 gets so angry and he hates podcasts and then he 0:12:51.440 --> 0:12:56.720 becomes a dictator and and stops making movies. But if 0:12:56.760 --> 0:13:02.200 you recognize him, I guarantee you he will make um 0:13:02.240 --> 0:13:07.079 another season of Firefly completely. Also, Josh and checked that 0:13:07.280 --> 0:13:11.600 person in the Wookie costume is not a Wookie. H Okay, Well, 0:13:11.640 --> 0:13:14.959 I hope that fixes everything. It's really not good here 0:13:15.000 --> 0:13:16.720 in the future, so I hope you can fix it. 0:13:18.040 --> 0:13:21.160 I also hope that this message went to my time 0:13:21.200 --> 0:13:23.600 stream in the past and didn't get booted off to 0:13:23.640 --> 0:13:27.240 another multiverse, in which case is this is reaching you 0:13:27.240 --> 0:13:30.000 in a different multiverse. Watch out for the flood and 0:13:30.000 --> 0:13:34.800 ghostly piranha um. They will eat your face off. All right, 0:13:34.920 --> 0:13:37.240 I've got to go. It's all the time I have 0:13:39.000 --> 0:13:43.840 so to speak. Time pilot John Hodgman from Unnamed Future 0:13:43.880 --> 0:13:50.360 signing off goodbye and wow, I was a guy. He 0:13:50.600 --> 0:13:53.160 is always looking out or you never know when the 0:13:53.320 --> 0:13:56.080 future John Hodgman is going to pop in. Does anyone 0:13:56.080 --> 0:13:59.679 know what Joss Wheden looks like, Okay, we need to 0:13:59.720 --> 0:14:02.400 pick later. He's not here. Is anyone going to the 0:14:02.400 --> 0:14:06.679 firefly panel? Yeah, you better go get in lined right 0:14:06.679 --> 0:14:14.280 after this? Yeah, which we should we talk about methods 0:14:14.280 --> 0:14:17.200 of time travel? Maybe? Oh yeah, go ahead. Okay, So 0:14:17.320 --> 0:14:20.960 if you're talking time travel, which we are, Uh, there 0:14:20.960 --> 0:14:23.120 are two directions. You can go go into the future 0:14:23.760 --> 0:14:26.600 or you can go into the past. I'm a past guy. 0:14:26.840 --> 0:14:28.880 I'd always like to see the Old West. You were 0:14:28.880 --> 0:14:30.720 going to see Old West? Well, I just want to 0:14:30.720 --> 0:14:36.240 be a gun slinger. Yeah, and we're less right. But 0:14:36.400 --> 0:14:38.640 if you want to advance into the future, here's what 0:14:38.640 --> 0:14:41.800 you're gonna have to do. You're gonna have to exploit uh, spacetime, 0:14:42.200 --> 0:14:44.600 which isn't the easiest thing in the world, but it's possible. 0:14:44.800 --> 0:14:47.920 It actually happens every day up in the sky with 0:14:48.160 --> 0:14:52.920 GPS satellites. I don't know that guy's nodding, he knows, uh, 0:14:52.960 --> 0:14:55.120 But many of you may not know that these satellites 0:14:55.160 --> 0:14:58.520 actually a crew an extra third of a billionth of 0:14:58.520 --> 0:15:01.720 a second every day. It doesn't sound like much, but 0:15:01.960 --> 0:15:04.640 it's time trouble and it's kind of cool. And the 0:15:04.680 --> 0:15:08.720 reason this happens is time passes faster in orbit. Uh. 0:15:08.800 --> 0:15:11.760 Down here on Earth. Basically, Earth is like a big 0:15:11.800 --> 0:15:15.800 dope st Bernard like dragging on time, and all the 0:15:15.880 --> 0:15:18.680 mass on Earth is just slowing down time in little 0:15:18.720 --> 0:15:20.880 tiny increments. Out there in deep space, you don't have 0:15:20.880 --> 0:15:22.640 to worry about that kind of thing. And that's called 0:15:22.640 --> 0:15:27.320 gravi gravitational time dilation, and it's a real thing. Uh, 0:15:27.360 --> 0:15:29.800 and we observe this all the time scientists. Two astronomers 0:15:29.800 --> 0:15:33.520 do UH. When they see light in deep space. They'll 0:15:33.560 --> 0:15:37.080 see light moving in uh in a straight line, and 0:15:37.120 --> 0:15:41.120 if it gets close enough to a sufficiently large object 0:15:41.600 --> 0:15:46.320 like say Sagittarius A, which have which has the mass 0:15:46.360 --> 0:15:52.040 of four million sons, time will actually bend and they 0:15:52.040 --> 0:15:55.560 see this, and it's called the gravitational lensing effect. So uh, 0:15:55.640 --> 0:15:58.200 if you were to, let's say, travel to Sagittarius A 0:15:58.720 --> 0:16:01.560 and circle it is black hole and if you don't 0:16:01.560 --> 0:16:03.480 fall in, which would be bad, Actually it might be 0:16:03.480 --> 0:16:05.560 pretty cool. It would be really what would be bad. 0:16:05.680 --> 0:16:07.560 There's a word for it, like what happens to you 0:16:08.720 --> 0:16:13.880 kind of It's called spaghettification, like the the infinite density 0:16:14.040 --> 0:16:16.360 of the center of a black hole. Just finge you 0:16:16.480 --> 0:16:19.560 out into a spaghetti version of yourself that is not 0:16:19.640 --> 0:16:24.000 alive anymore. Could use that actually would be a good look. So, um, 0:16:24.040 --> 0:16:26.080 if you were to be able to circle sagittaries a 0:16:26.480 --> 0:16:30.160 for a little while, uh without falling in, you would 0:16:30.160 --> 0:16:33.280 experience time at half the rate on Earth, which is 0:16:33.280 --> 0:16:35.600 time trouble again, and you come back to Earth and 0:16:35.640 --> 0:16:38.320 you show off for everybody. Yeah, and that's basically the 0:16:38.360 --> 0:16:41.240 center of this sagittary, say, is a really super dense point. 0:16:41.240 --> 0:16:45.400 It's called a singularity. But don't confuse that with the singularity, 0:16:45.680 --> 0:16:49.520 two very different things. That's a that's another big future problem. Yeah, 0:16:49.920 --> 0:16:51.840 I'll be in big trouble at the singularity. Yet, Can 0:16:51.880 --> 0:16:54.920 I throw out some of my favorite, um, please, universal 0:16:55.080 --> 0:17:00.000 cosmic anomalies? So Chuck was talking about a black hole. Um, 0:17:00.040 --> 0:17:03.600 one of my favorites is called the carring or curring. 0:17:03.920 --> 0:17:06.879 We can't figure out how you say it. Honestly, we looked, 0:17:06.920 --> 0:17:09.359 We really looked, so probably for the rest of the 0:17:09.400 --> 0:17:14.080 time when I say it, I'm gonna say curring or carring, Okay, okay, um. 0:17:14.119 --> 0:17:16.520 And basically, this is like a black hole that forms 0:17:16.520 --> 0:17:19.600 from a lot of neutron stars that have collapsed, and 0:17:19.720 --> 0:17:23.040 neutron stars are about the size of Manhattan, but they 0:17:23.080 --> 0:17:26.320 have like the mass of our sun, so they're super dense, 0:17:26.560 --> 0:17:28.560 and a bunch of will form into this ring that 0:17:28.640 --> 0:17:31.480 kind of turns into this whirlpool um and because of 0:17:31.560 --> 0:17:35.639 the centrifugal force of these things, they're a singularity doesn't form. 0:17:35.640 --> 0:17:39.840 Hence spaghettification doesn't befall you when you go through the 0:17:39.840 --> 0:17:42.560 center of these things. But it's still a black hole, right. 0:17:43.680 --> 0:17:45.280 They think that if you go through, though, it's a 0:17:45.320 --> 0:17:47.879 one way ticket because probably on the other side is 0:17:47.920 --> 0:17:50.560 what's called a white hole, which is the opposite of 0:17:50.560 --> 0:17:53.280 a black hole, and it pushes light and matter out 0:17:53.280 --> 0:17:55.240 away from it, so there's no way of getting back. 0:17:55.640 --> 0:17:58.119 But it's still possible that you can travel through time 0:17:58.240 --> 0:18:01.280 at the very least to another part of space. Yeah. Right, 0:18:02.240 --> 0:18:04.080 So you want me to tell you about another one, Well, 0:18:04.560 --> 0:18:07.600 this next one is my favorite. Oh, the the Einstein 0:18:07.720 --> 0:18:12.480 rosen Bridge, which wow, that got applause. Yeah, and here 0:18:12.560 --> 0:18:16.639 comes the rest also known as a wormhole. Yeah, but 0:18:16.720 --> 0:18:19.600 everyone calls it a wormhole because like you couldn't have 0:18:19.600 --> 0:18:22.159 a TV show called Through the Einstein rosen Bridge with 0:18:22.200 --> 0:18:26.000 Morgan Freeman. I guess you could. But through the wormhole 0:18:26.000 --> 0:18:28.760 with Morgan Freeman is like catchy, right, it's sexy. It 0:18:28.880 --> 0:18:33.000 is very sexy, super sexy. Um. And so an Einstein 0:18:33.160 --> 0:18:35.919 rosen bridge or a wormhole. Uh, it's it's kind of 0:18:35.960 --> 0:18:39.280 actually easy to grasp if if you consider time or 0:18:39.320 --> 0:18:43.240 space spacetime, it's like a flat sheet that you fold 0:18:43.280 --> 0:18:45.920 it in half and you left some space in between, right, 0:18:46.320 --> 0:18:48.040 and then you have a sheet if you want to demonstrate, 0:18:48.080 --> 0:18:51.159 do you I like this? Uh? And then gravity is 0:18:51.200 --> 0:18:54.240 pushing towards the center, towards this empty space in the middle. 0:18:54.359 --> 0:18:55.800 So if you have the sheet like that and you 0:18:55.800 --> 0:18:59.000 put like a baseball on either side, these depressions are 0:18:59.000 --> 0:19:01.720 going to form that are kind of akin to um, 0:19:01.800 --> 0:19:06.479 the bending of time time delation, gravitational time delations thing. 0:19:06.680 --> 0:19:09.639 And if the depressions that they form connect, you've got 0:19:09.720 --> 0:19:12.919 a wormhole. Boom. Yeah, and you may be able to 0:19:12.920 --> 0:19:15.239 travel through this. No one knows for certain, but it's 0:19:15.240 --> 0:19:17.480 this kind of like the physicist or at the point 0:19:17.560 --> 0:19:19.720 now where they're like, oh, and there's also this other 0:19:19.760 --> 0:19:21.679 weird thing and maybe you can travel through time and 0:19:21.720 --> 0:19:24.280 that is that what they say, that's kind of what 0:19:24.320 --> 0:19:27.120 they say. But so, Chuck is an Old West kind 0:19:27.160 --> 0:19:29.840 of time travel guy. I like time travel of the 0:19:29.880 --> 0:19:32.679 past two UM. I tend to think the time travel 0:19:32.720 --> 0:19:35.439 of the future is the one we're gonna accomplish first. 0:19:36.480 --> 0:19:38.800 But the reason most physicists pooh poo the idea of 0:19:38.840 --> 0:19:43.440 traveling back in time is because paradoxes our eyes. And 0:19:43.480 --> 0:19:46.080 when a paradox arises, usually that means like the point 0:19:46.160 --> 0:19:48.280 is moot, Like you can't argue it any further with 0:19:48.359 --> 0:19:51.080 a learned person. Yeah, we uh. This is a point 0:19:51.080 --> 0:19:54.679 where we talk about something called causality. And everything we 0:19:54.720 --> 0:19:58.439 know here on planet Earth, as I say, is based 0:19:58.520 --> 0:20:00.360 on and in a time sense, it's based on cause 0:20:00.359 --> 0:20:03.159 and effect, and it's a one way street. Something happens 0:20:03.200 --> 0:20:05.639 first and that leads to something that happens after. You 0:20:05.680 --> 0:20:09.600 can't have something. You can't have an effect without the cause, right, 0:20:09.760 --> 0:20:12.000 And it's a one way street going then in that direction, 0:20:12.080 --> 0:20:15.159 cause effect, cause effat, cause effects cause out and you 0:20:15.200 --> 0:20:19.199 have um. One of the big, great famous paradoxes is 0:20:19.240 --> 0:20:22.760 the grandfather paradox. Right, the status of all paradoxes, which 0:20:22.760 --> 0:20:25.440 is it kind of demonstrates Yeah, this bums Chuck out 0:20:25.480 --> 0:20:27.960 because the grandfather is like, it's like, what the grandfather 0:20:28.040 --> 0:20:31.080 do you know? Um? But let's say that you went 0:20:31.119 --> 0:20:34.160 back to kill your grandfather, right, you're an assassin. Maybe 0:20:34.200 --> 0:20:36.800 you'll do anything for money, a looper if you will. 0:20:37.960 --> 0:20:41.080 And uh, And you go back and you you walk 0:20:41.160 --> 0:20:43.560 up to your grandfather and you shoot him and kill 0:20:43.640 --> 0:20:45.720 him dead. But this is the vision of your grandfather 0:20:45.800 --> 0:20:50.960 before he's conceived your father. Therefore you can't possibly exist. Therefore, 0:20:51.480 --> 0:20:53.520 how could you get back to time travel in the 0:20:53.520 --> 0:20:56.760 first place to kill yourself? That's so sad, it is, 0:20:56.760 --> 0:21:02.280 said the grandmother. Paradox, that's where you go back. And 0:21:02.359 --> 0:21:03.879 they couldn't call it that they did. They tried it 0:21:03.880 --> 0:21:05.800 and they were like, go back and kill your grandmother? 0:21:05.880 --> 0:21:09.240 Are you serious? They're like, can you just call a 0:21:09.280 --> 0:21:11.639 grandfather at least because maybe he hits you once or something. 0:21:13.040 --> 0:21:14.600 You know, at the very least he made you mow 0:21:14.680 --> 0:21:17.320 the lawn for a nickel or something. Yeah, grandmother just 0:21:17.320 --> 0:21:20.800 caddles you and pet you chicken and pie or at 0:21:20.880 --> 0:21:24.080 least mine. Did you miss you miss Granny Bryant? Don't 0:21:24.119 --> 0:21:26.520 you do? Um? Although she lived to be a hundred 0:21:26.680 --> 0:21:28.800 I know that's a right hold age. That's a right 0:21:28.840 --> 0:21:34.119 poled age. Um, that's called a sidebar. There's also so 0:21:34.200 --> 0:21:39.199 that's a that's an inconsistent uh, inconsistent cause of loop night. 0:21:39.920 --> 0:21:42.840 My favorite is the consistent cause a loop. Yeah, this 0:21:42.880 --> 0:21:45.920 is pretty cool because it's paradox free, which means it 0:21:45.960 --> 0:21:48.879 could actually happen. And there's a physicist named Paul Davies 0:21:49.000 --> 0:21:52.000 who describes it like this. Let's say a math professor 0:21:52.119 --> 0:21:56.560 travels into the future and steals this really valuable math theorem. 0:21:56.680 --> 0:21:59.880 Then he goes back to the past and he gives 0:22:00.119 --> 0:22:02.920 theorem to a student, and that student ends up growing 0:22:02.960 --> 0:22:05.800 up to be the very person he stole it from. 0:22:05.880 --> 0:22:10.360 Everyone's going pretty awesome. No one dies in paradox free, right. 0:22:11.119 --> 0:22:14.399 My favorite example of this, though, is, um, well, we 0:22:14.480 --> 0:22:17.200 have a special guest here named Brian who's gonna help 0:22:17.320 --> 0:22:19.600