WEBVTT - Ep. 580 : MeatEater Kids V

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<v Speaker 1>Part one, Why It's the way it is.

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<v Speaker 2>On today's Why It's the way it is, we're going

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<v Speaker 2>to talk about something called predator swamping. You might hear

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<v Speaker 2>that and picture a wolf running through a swamp. That's

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<v Speaker 2>not what this is, though predator swamping can involve wolves.

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<v Speaker 2>Predator swamping is a strategy. It's a technique or a

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<v Speaker 2>way in which prey animals, meaning you know, animals that

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<v Speaker 2>are consumed by other animals, in which prey animals can

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<v Speaker 2>produce their babies in a way that reduces, okay, or

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<v Speaker 2>diminishes the chance that their babies are going to be.

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<v Speaker 3>Killed by predators.

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<v Speaker 2>Now, to do this, let's picture ourselves up in the

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<v Speaker 2>Arctic Okay, up in the far North. So let's say

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<v Speaker 2>we're gonna go up to the top end of Alaska

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<v Speaker 2>where the northern border of Alaska comes up against the

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<v Speaker 2>Arctic Ocean. There aren't any trees up there. It's a

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<v Speaker 2>type of low brush called tundra. It's a lot of water,

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of mosquitoes, there's a consistent wind that comes

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<v Speaker 2>off the ocean, Okay, and it's just a big, broad,

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<v Speaker 2>wide open landscape. And in some of these areas of

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<v Speaker 2>northern Alaska along the coast, huge congregations of cariboo will

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<v Speaker 2>gather during the spring calving season. When I say huge

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<v Speaker 2>congregations the cariboo, I mean it could be thousands. It

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<v Speaker 2>could be tens of thousands of.

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<v Speaker 3>Cariboo will all.

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<v Speaker 2>Gather on this landscape in the spring to have their babies.

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<v Speaker 2>Why do they do this. It could be a bunch

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<v Speaker 2>of reasons why they go up there. Mosquitos, like I said,

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<v Speaker 2>are terrible, but there's a breeze off the ocean that

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<v Speaker 2>can keep the mosquitoes down and that can be helpful

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<v Speaker 2>to them because the mosquitos up there can get so

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<v Speaker 2>bad they'll kill a baby cariboo. They'll draw so much

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<v Speaker 2>blood that a baby caribou can literally die from blood loss.

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<v Speaker 2>But there's another reason they go up there. Cariboo have

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<v Speaker 2>a lot of predators. Their primary predators in that area

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<v Speaker 2>are wolves and grizzly bears. Okay, when all these caribou

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<v Speaker 2>gather up, thousands of caribou gather up, they draw in

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<v Speaker 2>some predators. Okay, packs of wolves are going to show up,

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<v Speaker 2>grizzly bears are going to show up, and they're there

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<v Speaker 2>and they know what's gonna happen. They know that all

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<v Speaker 2>those caribou are gonna start having babies, and they know

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<v Speaker 2>that those babies are going to be very vulnerable for

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<v Speaker 2>a few hours, for a couple of days, because once

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<v Speaker 2>they're a couple days old, they can get up and run.

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<v Speaker 3>With their mom. But when they're being born and in

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<v Speaker 3>the first few hours of their.

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<v Speaker 2>Life, they can be vulnerable, meaning wolves can just run

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<v Speaker 2>up and grab them.

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<v Speaker 3>So back to these huge groups.

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<v Speaker 2>Now, picture that over the course of a couple days,

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<v Speaker 2>Over the course of a few days, every single mom

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<v Speaker 2>of caribou all of a sudden has her baby.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay, they swamp.

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<v Speaker 2>Let's say they swamp the landscape with babies and they're

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<v Speaker 2>all being born at the same time. Now, what are

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<v Speaker 2>those predators gonna do. They're gonna get some sure, right,

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<v Speaker 2>each of those wolves is gonna get one, they're gonna

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<v Speaker 2>get two. But then after a couple of days, all

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<v Speaker 2>those baby caribou were able to run around, and the

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<v Speaker 2>wolves had their chance, right, they had their chance to

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<v Speaker 2>prey on baby caribou.

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<v Speaker 3>But the chance was super short. It was a period

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<v Speaker 3>of just a few days. And it's over imagine a difference.

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<v Speaker 2>So let's keep that id in mind, where they swamp

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<v Speaker 2>the landscape with babies, way more babies on the ground

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<v Speaker 2>at any given time, way more babies on the ground

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<v Speaker 2>than those wolves would ever have a chance of picking up.

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<v Speaker 2>But picture of caribou did it differently. Picture if they

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<v Speaker 2>trickled in over the.

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<v Speaker 3>Course of months.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, they come in over the course of months, and

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<v Speaker 2>every day a few of those caribou mommies have their babies.

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<v Speaker 2>What's gonna happen then, Well, every day all summer, those

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<v Speaker 2>wolves are gonna be nabbing up whatever baby caribou hit

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<v Speaker 2>the ground. It's just gonna keep happening, and they're gonna

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<v Speaker 2>keep eating them. It's gonna keep happening, and they're gonna

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<v Speaker 2>keep eating them. In the end, that caribou herd would

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<v Speaker 2>probably lose way way more caribou calves than they would

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<v Speaker 2>have had they just all done it at once. It

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<v Speaker 2>created so much food on the ground, so many fawns

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<v Speaker 2>on the ground all at once, that it kept the

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<v Speaker 2>predators busy long enough for everybody else to get up

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<v Speaker 2>and get ready to go. That strategy is predator swamping.

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<v Speaker 2>You're producing so many babies that the predators don't have

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<v Speaker 2>a chance of eating them all, you know some are

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<v Speaker 2>gonna survive. There's another really famous case or often mentioned

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<v Speaker 2>case of predator swamping, which is baby sea turtles that

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<v Speaker 2>synchronize their hatch. Okay, so mama turtles come up on

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<v Speaker 2>a beach, they all lay their babies. Now, if every

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<v Speaker 2>night some of those babies popped out of the hole

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<v Speaker 2>and made a break for the ocean, they're just gonna

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<v Speaker 2>get picked off. But picture on some perfect night, thousands

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<v Speaker 2>of those little babies all of a sudden, miraculously, in

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<v Speaker 2>a synchronized way, all at once, thousands of those babies

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<v Speaker 2>come out of their holes and run to the ocean.

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<v Speaker 3>What's gonna happen.

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<v Speaker 2>Maybe there's a few birds around, there's a few crabs around.

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<v Speaker 2>They don't have a chance to get them all. They

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<v Speaker 2>can get a couple, but they're not gonna get them

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<v Speaker 2>all because they all came at once.

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<v Speaker 3>That is predator swamping. One of the reasons.

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<v Speaker 2>Why some animals synchronize the birth of their young, or

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<v Speaker 2>synchronize the hatching of their young as a way to

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<v Speaker 2>make sure that some are gonna get lost, but most

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<v Speaker 2>are gonna make it.

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<v Speaker 4>Part two.

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<v Speaker 5>Guess that critter, it's time for guess that critter. Where

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<v Speaker 5>we play animal sounds and you've got to guess what

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<v Speaker 5>animal is making those sounds. You'll learn some neat facts

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<v Speaker 5>about these animals and develop your ear to better identify

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<v Speaker 5>their sounds in the wild or in this case, maybe

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<v Speaker 5>in your attic too. And don't worry, we'll throw in

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<v Speaker 5>some clues along the way. Now, listen closely. These are

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<v Speaker 5>the cries from a whole flock flying overhead. Groups of hundreds,

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<v Speaker 5>if not thousands, will fill the sky during their spring

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<v Speaker 5>and fall migrations, and their calls can be heard from

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<v Speaker 5>miles away. These critters prefer open areas, such as meadows,

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<v Speaker 5>agricultural fields, and the edges and shorelines of marshes and

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<v Speaker 5>lakes in the mountains. You might occasionally find them feeding

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<v Speaker 5>in high altitude alpine zones or even open avalanche shoots

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<v Speaker 5>where sliding snow has scrubbed away all the trees. They're omnivorous,

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<v Speaker 5>meaning they'll eat just about anything with their long sharp beak, berries, roots, forbes,

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<v Speaker 5>agricultural crops such as wheat, alfalfa, and corn, plus all

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<v Speaker 5>manner of insects and even small vertebrates. That's a critter

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<v Speaker 5>with a backbone, such as rodents, lizards, frogs, and baby birds.

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<v Speaker 5>They can grow nearly four feet tall and weigh over

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<v Speaker 5>ten pounds. They're gray in color with a bright crimson

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<v Speaker 5>red patch on their heads, so they're easy to see

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<v Speaker 5>and also easy to hear. Their calls can sound like rattling, bugling, hissing,

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<v Speaker 5>and honking. Here's what a male can sound like. These

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<v Speaker 5>animals sure can dance during courtship. They twirl and jump,

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<v Speaker 5>pump their heads, stretch their wings, and bow. You may

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<v Speaker 5>hear them making these dueting sounds while dancing. These animals

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<v Speaker 5>lay eggs and raise one brood or family of young

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<v Speaker 5>per year. Juveniles stay close to their parents for nine

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<v Speaker 5>to ten months after hatching before they go off on

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<v Speaker 5>their own. The babies of this bird species are known

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<v Speaker 5>as colts. Here's what one sounds like, and here are

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<v Speaker 5>what slightly older juveniles sound like. Okay, it's time for

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<v Speaker 5>the reveal. It's a sand hill crane. Their name comes

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<v Speaker 5>from habitats that they use in and around the Sand

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<v Speaker 5>Hills region of Nebraska, although they can be encountered throughout

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<v Speaker 5>much of North America as they migrate back and forth

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<v Speaker 5>from northern breeding grounds and southern wintering grounds. Thousands and

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<v Speaker 5>thousands of birds gather every year in the Texas Panhandle.

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<v Speaker 5>They can live for a very long time. The oldest

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<v Speaker 5>one on record was at least thirty seven years old.

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<v Speaker 5>Mating pairs of males and females will stay together for

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<v Speaker 5>years so long as they're able to successfully reproduce together.

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<v Speaker 5>When one of them dies, the other will seek out

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<v Speaker 5>a new mate. You can legally hunt sand Hill grains

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<v Speaker 5>in seventeen states. Their meat is thought to be so

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<v Speaker 5>tasty and so similar to beef that they've earned the

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<v Speaker 5>nickname Ribbi of the Sky.

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<v Speaker 1>Part three Trivia.

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<v Speaker 6>And now it's time for Meat Eater Kids Trivia, the

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<v Speaker 6>other only game show where conservation always wins. This is

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<v Speaker 6>a quiz show for kids who love the outdoors. Take

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<v Speaker 6>it away, Spencer.

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<v Speaker 4>Today, I'm joined by Jimmy, Rosie, Matthew, Aina, Mabel Hayden,

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<v Speaker 4>and Conley. Each player will earn ten dollars for conservation

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<v Speaker 4>with every question they get right.

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<v Speaker 3>Today.

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<v Speaker 4>There's a potential for this room to earn up to

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<v Speaker 4>two hundred and ten dollars this week. That donation is

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<v Speaker 4>going to the Land Access Initiative, which provides more access

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<v Speaker 4>to public lands for hunting, fishing, hiking, camping, swimming, and

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<v Speaker 4>whatever else you like doing outdoors. Let's see how much

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<v Speaker 4>money our players can raise. Question one, Which of these

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<v Speaker 4>states does not touch the apple Lachian Mountains? Is it Kentucky,

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<v Speaker 4>Pennsylvania or California? Which of these states does not touch

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<v Speaker 4>the apple Latchian Mountains? Kentucky, Pennsylvania, California. Rosie with the

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<v Speaker 4>quickest answer, Rosie, do you have this one right?

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<v Speaker 7>I think you think? Okay? Is anybody else in you're confident?

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<v Speaker 3>Hayden?

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<v Speaker 4>Your markers already down? Do you know this one? I know?

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<v Speaker 4>Which of these states does not touch the Appalachian Mountains?

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<v Speaker 1>Process of elimination?

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<v Speaker 4>Okay, Kentucky, Pennsylvania or California. Two of those states touched

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<v Speaker 4>the Appalachian Mountains. One of them does not. Does everybody

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<v Speaker 4>have an answer?

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<v Speaker 5>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah, go ahead and reveal your answers.

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<v Speaker 1>Rosie, uh Pennsylvania, Mabel California, Aina, California, Hayden California, Conley.

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<v Speaker 8>California, Matthew California.

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<v Speaker 4>Jimmy California. The correct answer is California. Almost everybody got

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<v Speaker 4>that one right. The thirteen Appalachian Mountain states are Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi,

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<v Speaker 4>New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,

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<v Speaker 4>and West Virginia. California is about two thousand miles from

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<v Speaker 4>the Appalachian Mountains, which would be about a thirty hour drive.

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<v Speaker 4>How many of you been to a state with the

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<v Speaker 4>Appalachian Mountains?

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<v Speaker 7>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 4>And Conley? Okay, Jimmy, what state were you in with

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<v Speaker 4>the Appalachian Mountains? I don't actually know, Okay, I just

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<v Speaker 4>remember Conley.

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<v Speaker 7>What state have you been in with the Apple Aachian?

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<v Speaker 1>I want to Alabama?

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<v Speaker 7>Really?

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<v Speaker 4>Did you see the Appalachian Mountains there?

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<v Speaker 8>I don't think so.

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<v Speaker 7>Don't think so. How about over here? Maybe line North Carolina?

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<v Speaker 1>Every year, every single year you're seeing Apple Aachians. We've

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<v Speaker 1>never gone and seen them. We're just in the on

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<v Speaker 1>the beach.

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<v Speaker 7>Okay, you might be able to see them from there.

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<v Speaker 4>How to the Apple Aachians? How are they different than

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<v Speaker 4>the rockies that you guys live by here?

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<v Speaker 7>Do they look different? Yeah? What do you think?

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<v Speaker 4>They're older?

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<v Speaker 1>So they're wait, that's the right thinking about the right thing, right, Yes,

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<v Speaker 1>I am they're older, so they're like more flat and

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<v Speaker 1>not its like crooking.

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<v Speaker 4>Because of the land.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm gonna get to science at mini lectures.

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<v Speaker 3>Still.

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<v Speaker 4>Question two, What word is defined as a smaller river

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<v Speaker 4>that flows into a bigger river? Is it tributary, savannah

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<v Speaker 4>or tide? What word is defined as a smaller river

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<v Speaker 4>that flows into a bigger river, tributary, savannah or tide. Jimmy,

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<v Speaker 4>you know this one.

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<v Speaker 7>I think so, Jimmy. It looked like you didn't even

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<v Speaker 7>need the choices. You are that confident. Wait, what's the

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<v Speaker 7>thing again?

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<v Speaker 4>Like, the definition is a small river that flows into

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<v Speaker 4>a bigger river. Your choices are tributary, savannah or tide.

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<v Speaker 7>A very confident room.

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<v Speaker 4>Matthew is still thinking tributary, savannah or tide. Is everybody ready?

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<v Speaker 1>Yep?

0:13:50.480 --> 0:13:52.400
<v Speaker 4>Go ahead and reveal your answers.

0:13:52.600 --> 0:13:57.240
<v Speaker 8>Rosie tributary, Mabel tributary.

0:13:56.679 --> 0:14:03.440
<v Speaker 4>Tributary, Hayden, Conley tributary, Matthew, Jimmy, tributary. The correct answer

0:14:03.600 --> 0:14:08.040
<v Speaker 4>is tributary. Almost everybody got that one right. The definition

0:14:08.080 --> 0:14:11.240
<v Speaker 4>of a savannah is a type of grassland with scattered trees.

0:14:11.400 --> 0:14:14.800
<v Speaker 4>The definition of tide is the periodic rise and fall

0:14:14.880 --> 0:14:17.800
<v Speaker 4>of waters in the ocean, and a tributary is a

0:14:17.880 --> 0:14:20.960
<v Speaker 4>small body of water that flows into a big body

0:14:20.960 --> 0:14:24.360
<v Speaker 4>of water. Can you guys name some tributaries.

0:14:23.560 --> 0:14:24.720
<v Speaker 7>For the Missouri River?

0:14:26.560 --> 0:14:29.880
<v Speaker 1>Jefferson, There you go. There's three of them. We literally

0:14:29.960 --> 0:14:31.800
<v Speaker 1>went to the place where they all go in Conley.

0:14:31.840 --> 0:14:35.440
<v Speaker 4>Did she take yours? What's the other one?

0:14:35.520 --> 0:14:35.960
<v Speaker 7>Madison?

0:14:36.120 --> 0:14:40.320
<v Speaker 4>There you go, Madison. There's a lot of choices the Missouri.

0:14:40.520 --> 0:14:43.920
<v Speaker 4>You've got the Yellowstone, the Jefferson, the Madison, the Gallot,

0:14:43.960 --> 0:14:46.120
<v Speaker 4>and basically any of the creeks and rivers that you

0:14:46.160 --> 0:14:50.120
<v Speaker 4>guys live by are a direct or indirect tributary to

0:14:50.200 --> 0:14:51.120
<v Speaker 4>the Missouri River.

0:14:51.600 --> 0:14:52.240
<v Speaker 3>Question three?

0:14:52.600 --> 0:14:56.400
<v Speaker 4>Which of these animals has the most teeth? Is it

0:14:56.440 --> 0:14:59.640
<v Speaker 4>a tiger, a great white shark for a beaver?

0:15:02.000 --> 0:15:03.880
<v Speaker 7>Which of these animals?

0:15:04.040 --> 0:15:08.360
<v Speaker 4>Which of these animals has the most teeth? Tiger, great

0:15:08.400 --> 0:15:12.840
<v Speaker 4>white shark or a beaver? The way you think that's it,

0:15:13.040 --> 0:15:14.480
<v Speaker 4>I think it's suposed to be a trick queshion.

0:15:14.520 --> 0:15:16.400
<v Speaker 1>So we're gonna like think of something that we're gonna

0:15:16.400 --> 0:15:20.760
<v Speaker 1>be like, wait, is this actually it? We're all gonna

0:15:20.760 --> 0:15:22.280
<v Speaker 1>say something and it's not gonna be any of no

0:15:22.280 --> 0:15:26.600
<v Speaker 1>one's gonna get it right real or we're just gonna

0:15:26.640 --> 0:15:28.560
<v Speaker 1>all be I know real well.

0:15:28.640 --> 0:15:31.640
<v Speaker 4>Which one has the most teeth tiger, great white shark

0:15:31.880 --> 0:15:32.440
<v Speaker 4>or beaver?

0:15:33.240 --> 0:15:34.640
<v Speaker 7>Is everybody ready?

0:15:34.600 --> 0:15:38.400
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, go ahead and reveal your answers.

0:15:38.600 --> 0:15:47.880
<v Speaker 8>Rosie, great white shark, Mabel, great white shark, Hayden great what, Conley, Matthew, Jimmy,

0:15:49.080 --> 0:15:49.800
<v Speaker 8>great white shark.

0:15:50.400 --> 0:15:51.880
<v Speaker 7>The correct answer.

0:15:53.280 --> 0:15:56.280
<v Speaker 4>Is a great white shark. This was not a trick question.

0:15:56.520 --> 0:16:00.240
<v Speaker 4>You all knew it one hundred percent right. Beaver have

0:16:00.280 --> 0:16:03.720
<v Speaker 4>twenty teeth, tigers have thirty teeth, and great white sharks

0:16:03.720 --> 0:16:07.240
<v Speaker 4>have three hundred teeth. The animal would be most teeth

0:16:07.320 --> 0:16:12.000
<v Speaker 4>in the world is a snail, which has twenty thousand teeth. Humans,

0:16:12.000 --> 0:16:14.440
<v Speaker 4>on the other hand, have thirty two teeth, which take

0:16:14.480 --> 0:16:17.120
<v Speaker 4>about two minutes to brush. That means if a snail

0:16:17.160 --> 0:16:19.360
<v Speaker 4>were to brush their teeth at the same pace, it

0:16:19.400 --> 0:16:22.280
<v Speaker 4>would take over twenty hours to complete the job.

0:16:22.360 --> 0:16:25.640
<v Speaker 7>Wait, how they're so tiny?

0:16:25.680 --> 0:16:28.240
<v Speaker 4>It's like sandpaper. You know what sandpaper is, That's what

0:16:28.240 --> 0:16:30.520
<v Speaker 4>their teeth look like. They got twenty thousand of those.

0:16:30.640 --> 0:16:34.720
<v Speaker 4>So how you're asking the wrong person. I feel like

0:16:34.760 --> 0:16:36.480
<v Speaker 4>I know a lot of things for you, Matthew, but

0:16:36.560 --> 0:16:37.280
<v Speaker 4>I don't know.

0:16:37.160 --> 0:16:39.120
<v Speaker 7>How they have twenty thousand teeth. Now I got a

0:16:39.200 --> 0:16:40.200
<v Speaker 7>question for the room.

0:16:40.520 --> 0:16:44.120
<v Speaker 4>So snails have thousands of teeth and dragonflies have thousands

0:16:44.120 --> 0:16:46.840
<v Speaker 4>of compound eyes. Would you, guys rather be a dentist

0:16:46.880 --> 0:16:49.240
<v Speaker 4>for a snail or an eye doctor for a dragon?

0:16:49.360 --> 0:16:50.440
<v Speaker 7>Eye doctor for a drug?

0:16:50.560 --> 0:16:52.960
<v Speaker 4>Why? You sound very confident. It's like you've thought about

0:16:53.000 --> 0:16:54.040
<v Speaker 4>that question all your.

0:16:53.960 --> 0:16:57.120
<v Speaker 5>Life has because it would be very, very, very difficult

0:16:57.200 --> 0:16:58.040
<v Speaker 5>in the first place.

0:16:58.280 --> 0:17:00.160
<v Speaker 4>And I don't think I'm gonna warm it for.

0:17:00.240 --> 0:17:01.000
<v Speaker 3>Your snails teeth?

0:17:01.320 --> 0:17:02.440
<v Speaker 7>Okay, please?

0:17:02.520 --> 0:17:06.040
<v Speaker 4>Good reason, Oh, Rosie, Rosie has She's gonna bring us

0:17:06.080 --> 0:17:09.160
<v Speaker 4>the Devil's advocate here. Why do you think it should

0:17:09.160 --> 0:17:10.320
<v Speaker 4>be a snail teeth instead?

0:17:10.520 --> 0:17:12.720
<v Speaker 5>So being an eye doctor for driving?

0:17:12.920 --> 0:17:15.159
<v Speaker 8>Like, what if they need glasses, then we're supposed to

0:17:15.160 --> 0:17:16.640
<v Speaker 8>do just make twenty thousand of them.

0:17:16.720 --> 0:17:18.920
<v Speaker 7>That's a good point. What if that snail needs braces?

0:17:18.920 --> 0:17:24.840
<v Speaker 1>Though, well, you're not your dentists probably really time.

0:17:26.200 --> 0:17:29.320
<v Speaker 4>The correct answer, You're right puts an How about Phil?

0:17:29.359 --> 0:17:30.520
<v Speaker 7>Phil? What would you rather do?

0:17:30.920 --> 0:17:31.479
<v Speaker 6>I doctor?

0:17:31.680 --> 0:17:33.680
<v Speaker 7>Obviously, Okay, I'm doing.

0:17:34.040 --> 0:17:35.040
<v Speaker 3>How dare you I'm doing?

0:17:35.080 --> 0:17:38.439
<v Speaker 4>That's it for today's rounder trivia, Phil the engineer? How

0:17:38.520 --> 0:17:41.200
<v Speaker 4>much money did we raise? Well? They raised one hundred

0:17:41.240 --> 0:17:44.080
<v Speaker 4>and ninety dollars one hundred and ninety dollars going to

0:17:44.119 --> 0:17:46.960
<v Speaker 4>the Land Access Initiative. Well done, kids. Join us next

0:17:47.000 --> 0:17:49.800
<v Speaker 4>time for more Meat Eater Kids Trivia, the only other

0:17:49.840 --> 0:17:52.280
<v Speaker 4>game show where conservation always wins.

0:17:55.760 --> 0:17:58.720
<v Speaker 6>Thank you so much for listening to Meat Eater Kids.

0:17:58.960 --> 0:18:01.040
<v Speaker 6>We hope you enjoyed listening to the show as much

0:18:01.040 --> 0:18:03.920
<v Speaker 6>as we enjoyed making it. If you'd like to hear more,

0:18:04.240 --> 0:18:06.720
<v Speaker 6>had your parents leave the show a review, write us

0:18:06.760 --> 0:18:08.040
<v Speaker 6>an email and tell.

0:18:07.920 --> 0:18:08.840
<v Speaker 3>Your friends about it.

0:18:09.400 --> 0:18:13.280
<v Speaker 6>Until then, get outside and don't stop being for me

0:18:13.600 --> 0:18:17.600
<v Speaker 6>here day