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Speaker 1: Part one, Why It's the way it is.

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Speaker 2: On today's Why It's the way it is, we're going

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Speaker 2: to talk about something called predator swamping. You might hear

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Speaker 2: that and picture a wolf running through a swamp. That's

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Speaker 2: not what this is, though predator swamping can involve wolves.

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Speaker 2: Predator swamping is a strategy. It's a technique or a

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Speaker 2: way in which prey animals, meaning you know, animals that

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Speaker 2: are consumed by other animals, in which prey animals can

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Speaker 2: produce their babies in a way that reduces, okay, or

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Speaker 2: diminishes the chance that their babies are going to be.

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Speaker 3: Killed by predators.

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Speaker 2: Now, to do this, let's picture ourselves up in the

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Speaker 2: Arctic Okay, up in the far North. So let's say

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Speaker 2: we're gonna go up to the top end of Alaska

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Speaker 2: where the northern border of Alaska comes up against the

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Speaker 2: Arctic Ocean. There aren't any trees up there. It's a

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Speaker 2: type of low brush called tundra. It's a lot of water,

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Speaker 2: a lot of mosquitoes, there's a consistent wind that comes

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Speaker 2: off the ocean, Okay, and it's just a big, broad,

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Speaker 2: wide open landscape. And in some of these areas of

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Speaker 2: northern Alaska along the coast, huge congregations of cariboo will

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Speaker 2: gather during the spring calving season. When I say huge

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Speaker 2: congregations the cariboo, I mean it could be thousands. It

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Speaker 2: could be tens of thousands of.

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Speaker 3: Cariboo will all.

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Speaker 2: Gather on this landscape in the spring to have their babies.

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Speaker 2: Why do they do this. It could be a bunch

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Speaker 2: of reasons why they go up there. Mosquitos, like I said,

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Speaker 2: are terrible, but there's a breeze off the ocean that

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Speaker 2: can keep the mosquitoes down and that can be helpful

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Speaker 2: to them because the mosquitos up there can get so

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Speaker 2: bad they'll kill a baby cariboo. They'll draw so much

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Speaker 2: blood that a baby caribou can literally die from blood loss.

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Speaker 2: But there's another reason they go up there. Cariboo have

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Speaker 2: a lot of predators. Their primary predators in that area

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Speaker 2: are wolves and grizzly bears. Okay, when all these caribou

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Speaker 2: gather up, thousands of caribou gather up, they draw in

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Speaker 2: some predators. Okay, packs of wolves are going to show up,

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Speaker 2: grizzly bears are going to show up, and they're there

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Speaker 2: and they know what's gonna happen. They know that all

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Speaker 2: those caribou are gonna start having babies, and they know

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Speaker 2: that those babies are going to be very vulnerable for

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Speaker 2: a few hours, for a couple of days, because once

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Speaker 2: they're a couple days old, they can get up and run.

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Speaker 3: With their mom. But when they're being born and in

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Speaker 3: the first few hours of their.

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Speaker 2: Life, they can be vulnerable, meaning wolves can just run

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Speaker 2: up and grab them.

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Speaker 3: So back to these huge groups.

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Speaker 2: Now, picture that over the course of a couple days,

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Speaker 2: Over the course of a few days, every single mom

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Speaker 2: of caribou all of a sudden has her baby.

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Speaker 3: Okay, they swamp.

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Speaker 2: Let's say they swamp the landscape with babies and they're

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Speaker 2: all being born at the same time. Now, what are

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Speaker 2: those predators gonna do. They're gonna get some sure, right,

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Speaker 2: each of those wolves is gonna get one, they're gonna

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Speaker 2: get two. But then after a couple of days, all

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Speaker 2: those baby caribou were able to run around, and the

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Speaker 2: wolves had their chance, right, they had their chance to

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Speaker 2: prey on baby caribou.

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Speaker 3: But the chance was super short. It was a period

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Speaker 3: of just a few days. And it's over imagine a difference.

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Speaker 2: So let's keep that id in mind, where they swamp

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Speaker 2: the landscape with babies, way more babies on the ground

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Speaker 2: at any given time, way more babies on the ground

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Speaker 2: than those wolves would ever have a chance of picking up.

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Speaker 2: But picture of caribou did it differently. Picture if they

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Speaker 2: trickled in over the.

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Speaker 3: Course of months.

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Speaker 2: Okay, they come in over the course of months, and

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Speaker 2: every day a few of those caribou mommies have their babies.

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Speaker 2: What's gonna happen then, Well, every day all summer, those

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Speaker 2: wolves are gonna be nabbing up whatever baby caribou hit

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Speaker 2: the ground. It's just gonna keep happening, and they're gonna

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Speaker 2: keep eating them. It's gonna keep happening, and they're gonna

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Speaker 2: keep eating them. In the end, that caribou herd would

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Speaker 2: probably lose way way more caribou calves than they would

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Speaker 2: have had they just all done it at once. It

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Speaker 2: created so much food on the ground, so many fawns

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Speaker 2: on the ground all at once, that it kept the

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Speaker 2: predators busy long enough for everybody else to get up

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Speaker 2: and get ready to go. That strategy is predator swamping.

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Speaker 2: You're producing so many babies that the predators don't have

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Speaker 2: a chance of eating them all, you know some are

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Speaker 2: gonna survive. There's another really famous case or often mentioned

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Speaker 2: case of predator swamping, which is baby sea turtles that

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Speaker 2: synchronize their hatch. Okay, so mama turtles come up on

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Speaker 2: a beach, they all lay their babies. Now, if every

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Speaker 2: night some of those babies popped out of the hole

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Speaker 2: and made a break for the ocean, they're just gonna

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Speaker 2: get picked off. But picture on some perfect night, thousands

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Speaker 2: of those little babies all of a sudden, miraculously, in

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Speaker 2: a synchronized way, all at once, thousands of those babies

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Speaker 2: come out of their holes and run to the ocean.

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Speaker 3: What's gonna happen.

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Speaker 2: Maybe there's a few birds around, there's a few crabs around.

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Speaker 2: They don't have a chance to get them all. They

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Speaker 2: can get a couple, but they're not gonna get them

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Speaker 2: all because they all came at once.

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Speaker 3: That is predator swamping. One of the reasons.

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Speaker 2: Why some animals synchronize the birth of their young, or

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Speaker 2: synchronize the hatching of their young as a way to

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Speaker 2: make sure that some are gonna get lost, but most

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Speaker 2: are gonna make it.

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Speaker 4: Part two.

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Speaker 5: Guess that critter, it's time for guess that critter. Where

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Speaker 5: we play animal sounds and you've got to guess what

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Speaker 5: animal is making those sounds. You'll learn some neat facts

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Speaker 5: about these animals and develop your ear to better identify

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Speaker 5: their sounds in the wild or in this case, maybe

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Speaker 5: in your attic too. And don't worry, we'll throw in

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Speaker 5: some clues along the way. Now, listen closely. These are

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Speaker 5: the cries from a whole flock flying overhead. Groups of hundreds,

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Speaker 5: if not thousands, will fill the sky during their spring

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Speaker 5: and fall migrations, and their calls can be heard from

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Speaker 5: miles away. These critters prefer open areas, such as meadows,

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Speaker 5: agricultural fields, and the edges and shorelines of marshes and

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Speaker 5: lakes in the mountains. You might occasionally find them feeding

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Speaker 5: in high altitude alpine zones or even open avalanche shoots

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Speaker 5: where sliding snow has scrubbed away all the trees. They're omnivorous,

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Speaker 5: meaning they'll eat just about anything with their long sharp beak, berries, roots, forbes,

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Speaker 5: agricultural crops such as wheat, alfalfa, and corn, plus all

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Speaker 5: manner of insects and even small vertebrates. That's a critter

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Speaker 5: with a backbone, such as rodents, lizards, frogs, and baby birds.

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Speaker 5: They can grow nearly four feet tall and weigh over

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Speaker 5: ten pounds. They're gray in color with a bright crimson

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Speaker 5: red patch on their heads, so they're easy to see

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Speaker 5: and also easy to hear. Their calls can sound like rattling, bugling, hissing,

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Speaker 5: and honking. Here's what a male can sound like. These

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Speaker 5: animals sure can dance during courtship. They twirl and jump,

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Speaker 5: pump their heads, stretch their wings, and bow. You may

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Speaker 5: hear them making these dueting sounds while dancing. These animals

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Speaker 5: lay eggs and raise one brood or family of young

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Speaker 5: per year. Juveniles stay close to their parents for nine

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Speaker 5: to ten months after hatching before they go off on

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Speaker 5: their own. The babies of this bird species are known

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Speaker 5: as colts. Here's what one sounds like, and here are

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Speaker 5: what slightly older juveniles sound like. Okay, it's time for

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Speaker 5: the reveal. It's a sand hill crane. Their name comes

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Speaker 5: from habitats that they use in and around the Sand

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Speaker 5: Hills region of Nebraska, although they can be encountered throughout

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Speaker 5: much of North America as they migrate back and forth

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Speaker 5: from northern breeding grounds and southern wintering grounds. Thousands and

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Speaker 5: thousands of birds gather every year in the Texas Panhandle.

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Speaker 5: They can live for a very long time. The oldest

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Speaker 5: one on record was at least thirty seven years old.

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Speaker 5: Mating pairs of males and females will stay together for

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Speaker 5: years so long as they're able to successfully reproduce together.

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Speaker 5: When one of them dies, the other will seek out

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Speaker 5: a new mate. You can legally hunt sand Hill grains

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Speaker 5: in seventeen states. Their meat is thought to be so

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Speaker 5: tasty and so similar to beef that they've earned the

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Speaker 5: nickname Ribbi of the Sky.

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Speaker 1: Part three Trivia.

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Speaker 6: And now it's time for Meat Eater Kids Trivia, the

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Speaker 6: other only game show where conservation always wins. This is

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Speaker 6: a quiz show for kids who love the outdoors. Take

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Speaker 6: it away, Spencer.

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Speaker 4: Today, I'm joined by Jimmy, Rosie, Matthew, Aina, Mabel Hayden,

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Speaker 4: and Conley. Each player will earn ten dollars for conservation

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Speaker 4: with every question they get right.

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Speaker 3: Today.

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Speaker 4: There's a potential for this room to earn up to

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Speaker 4: two hundred and ten dollars this week. That donation is

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Speaker 4: going to the Land Access Initiative, which provides more access

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Speaker 4: to public lands for hunting, fishing, hiking, camping, swimming, and

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Speaker 4: whatever else you like doing outdoors. Let's see how much

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Speaker 4: money our players can raise. Question one, Which of these

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Speaker 4: states does not touch the apple Lachian Mountains? Is it Kentucky,

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Speaker 4: Pennsylvania or California? Which of these states does not touch

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Speaker 4: the apple Latchian Mountains? Kentucky, Pennsylvania, California. Rosie with the

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Speaker 4: quickest answer, Rosie, do you have this one right?

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Speaker 7: I think you think? Okay? Is anybody else in you're confident?

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Speaker 3: Hayden?

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Speaker 4: Your markers already down? Do you know this one? I know?

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Speaker 4: Which of these states does not touch the Appalachian Mountains?

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Speaker 1: Process of elimination?

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Speaker 4: Okay, Kentucky, Pennsylvania or California. Two of those states touched

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Speaker 4: the Appalachian Mountains. One of them does not. Does everybody

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Speaker 4: have an answer?

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Speaker 5: Yeah?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, go ahead and reveal your answers.

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Speaker 1: Rosie, uh Pennsylvania, Mabel California, Aina, California, Hayden California, Conley.

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Speaker 8: California, Matthew California.

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Speaker 4: Jimmy California. The correct answer is California. Almost everybody got

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Speaker 4: that one right. The thirteen Appalachian Mountain states are Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi,

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Speaker 4: New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,

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Speaker 4: and West Virginia. California is about two thousand miles from

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Speaker 4: the Appalachian Mountains, which would be about a thirty hour drive.

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Speaker 4: How many of you been to a state with the

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Speaker 4: Appalachian Mountains?

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Speaker 7: Yeah?

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Speaker 4: And Conley? Okay, Jimmy, what state were you in with

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Speaker 4: the Appalachian Mountains? I don't actually know, Okay, I just

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Speaker 4: remember Conley.

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Speaker 7: What state have you been in with the Apple Aachian?

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Speaker 1: I want to Alabama?

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Speaker 7: Really?

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Speaker 4: Did you see the Appalachian Mountains there?

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Speaker 8: I don't think so.

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Speaker 7: Don't think so. How about over here? Maybe line North Carolina?

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Speaker 1: Every year, every single year you're seeing Apple Aachians. We've

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Speaker 1: never gone and seen them. We're just in the on

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Speaker 1: the beach.

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Speaker 7: Okay, you might be able to see them from there.

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Speaker 4: How to the Apple Aachians? How are they different than

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Speaker 4: the rockies that you guys live by here?

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Speaker 7: Do they look different? Yeah? What do you think?

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Speaker 4: They're older?

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Speaker 1: So they're wait, that's the right thinking about the right thing, right, Yes,

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Speaker 1: I am they're older, so they're like more flat and

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Speaker 1: not its like crooking.

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Speaker 4: Because of the land.

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna get to science at mini lectures.

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Speaker 3: Still.

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Speaker 4: Question two, What word is defined as a smaller river

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Speaker 4: that flows into a bigger river? Is it tributary, savannah

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Speaker 4: or tide? What word is defined as a smaller river

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Speaker 4: that flows into a bigger river, tributary, savannah or tide. Jimmy,

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Speaker 4: you know this one.

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Speaker 7: I think so, Jimmy. It looked like you didn't even

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Speaker 7: need the choices. You are that confident. Wait, what's the

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Speaker 7: thing again?

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Speaker 4: Like, the definition is a small river that flows into

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Speaker 4: a bigger river. Your choices are tributary, savannah or tide.

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Speaker 7: A very confident room.

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Speaker 4: Matthew is still thinking tributary, savannah or tide. Is everybody ready?

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Speaker 1: Yep?

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Speaker 4: Go ahead and reveal your answers.

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Speaker 8: Rosie tributary, Mabel tributary.

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Speaker 4: Tributary, Hayden, Conley tributary, Matthew, Jimmy, tributary. The correct answer

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Speaker 4: is tributary. Almost everybody got that one right. The definition

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Speaker 4: of a savannah is a type of grassland with scattered trees.

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Speaker 4: The definition of tide is the periodic rise and fall

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Speaker 4: of waters in the ocean, and a tributary is a

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Speaker 4: small body of water that flows into a big body

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Speaker 4: of water. Can you guys name some tributaries.

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Speaker 7: For the Missouri River?

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Speaker 1: Jefferson, There you go. There's three of them. We literally

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Speaker 1: went to the place where they all go in Conley.

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Speaker 4: Did she take yours? What's the other one?

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Speaker 7: Madison?

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Speaker 4: There you go, Madison. There's a lot of choices the Missouri.

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Speaker 4: You've got the Yellowstone, the Jefferson, the Madison, the Gallot,

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Speaker 4: and basically any of the creeks and rivers that you

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Speaker 4: guys live by are a direct or indirect tributary to

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Speaker 4: the Missouri River.

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Speaker 3: Question three?

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Speaker 4: Which of these animals has the most teeth? Is it

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Speaker 4: a tiger, a great white shark for a beaver?

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Speaker 7: Which of these animals?

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Speaker 4: Which of these animals has the most teeth? Tiger, great

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Speaker 4: white shark or a beaver? The way you think that's it,

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Speaker 4: I think it's suposed to be a trick queshion.

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Speaker 1: So we're gonna like think of something that we're gonna

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Speaker 1: be like, wait, is this actually it? We're all gonna

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Speaker 1: say something and it's not gonna be any of no

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Speaker 1: one's gonna get it right real or we're just gonna

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Speaker 1: all be I know real well.

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Speaker 4: Which one has the most teeth tiger, great white shark

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Speaker 4: or beaver?

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Speaker 7: Is everybody ready?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, go ahead and reveal your answers.

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Speaker 8: Rosie, great white shark, Mabel, great white shark, Hayden great what, Conley, Matthew, Jimmy,

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Speaker 8: great white shark.

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Speaker 7: The correct answer.

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Speaker 4: Is a great white shark. This was not a trick question.

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Speaker 4: You all knew it one hundred percent right. Beaver have

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Speaker 4: twenty teeth, tigers have thirty teeth, and great white sharks

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Speaker 4: have three hundred teeth. The animal would be most teeth

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Speaker 4: in the world is a snail, which has twenty thousand teeth. Humans,

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Speaker 4: on the other hand, have thirty two teeth, which take

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Speaker 4: about two minutes to brush. That means if a snail

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Speaker 4: were to brush their teeth at the same pace, it

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Speaker 4: would take over twenty hours to complete the job.

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Speaker 7: Wait, how they're so tiny?

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Speaker 4: It's like sandpaper. You know what sandpaper is, That's what

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Speaker 4: their teeth look like. They got twenty thousand of those.

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Speaker 4: So how you're asking the wrong person. I feel like

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Speaker 4: I know a lot of things for you, Matthew, but

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Speaker 4: I don't know.

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Speaker 7: How they have twenty thousand teeth. Now I got a

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Speaker 7: question for the room.

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Speaker 4: So snails have thousands of teeth and dragonflies have thousands

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Speaker 4: of compound eyes. Would you, guys rather be a dentist

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Speaker 4: for a snail or an eye doctor for a dragon?

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Speaker 7: Eye doctor for a drug?

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Speaker 4: Why? You sound very confident. It's like you've thought about

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Speaker 4: that question all your.

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Speaker 5: Life has because it would be very, very, very difficult

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Speaker 5: in the first place.

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Speaker 4: And I don't think I'm gonna warm it for.

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Speaker 3: Your snails teeth?

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Speaker 7: Okay, please?

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Speaker 4: Good reason, Oh, Rosie, Rosie has She's gonna bring us

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Speaker 4: the Devil's advocate here. Why do you think it should

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Speaker 4: be a snail teeth instead?

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Speaker 5: So being an eye doctor for driving?

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Speaker 8: Like, what if they need glasses, then we're supposed to

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Speaker 8: do just make twenty thousand of them.

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Speaker 7: That's a good point. What if that snail needs braces?

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Speaker 1: Though, well, you're not your dentists probably really time.

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Speaker 4: The correct answer, You're right puts an How about Phil?

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Speaker 7: Phil? What would you rather do?

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Speaker 6: I doctor?

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Speaker 7: Obviously, Okay, I'm doing.

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Speaker 3: How dare you I'm doing?

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Speaker 4: That's it for today's rounder trivia, Phil the engineer? How

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Speaker 4: much money did we raise? Well? They raised one hundred

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Speaker 4: and ninety dollars one hundred and ninety dollars going to

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Speaker 4: the Land Access Initiative. Well done, kids. Join us next

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Speaker 4: time for more Meat Eater Kids Trivia, the only other

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Speaker 4: game show where conservation always wins.

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Speaker 6: Thank you so much for listening to Meat Eater Kids.

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Speaker 6: We hope you enjoyed listening to the show as much

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Speaker 6: as we enjoyed making it. If you'd like to hear more,

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Speaker 6: had your parents leave the show a review, write us

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Speaker 6: an email and tell.

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Speaker 3: Your friends about it.

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Speaker 6: Until then, get outside and don't stop being for me

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Speaker 6: here day