WEBVTT - A Titanic TechStuff Episode 0:00:00.320 --> 0:00:02.880 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.200 --> 0:00:08.960 It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology? With 0:00:09.039 --> 0:00:17.640 tech Stuff from how stuff looks dot com. Hello again, everyone, 0:00:17.680 --> 0:00:19.919 and welcome to tech stuff. My name is Chris Poulette, 0:00:19.880 --> 0:00:22.400 and I'm an editor at how Stuff works dot com. 0:00:22.400 --> 0:00:25.840 Sitting across from me as usual as wait for it, 0:00:26.920 --> 0:00:30.600 senior writer Jonathan Strickland, Ships at a distance have every 0:00:30.640 --> 0:00:34.920 man's wish on board. All right, today we're gonna talk 0:00:35.000 --> 0:00:39.520 about a boat. You're are you doing that to goad 0:00:39.680 --> 0:00:43.559 me or the people writing in what that should be 0:00:43.560 --> 0:00:46.879 called a ship and boat? Okay, wait, before we get started, 0:00:47.200 --> 0:00:51.240 this is a personal pet peeve like Jonathan Strickland. In fact, 0:00:51.920 --> 0:00:54.240 I want there to be a special musical sting for 0:00:54.760 --> 0:00:59.400 personal pet peeve of Jonathan Strickland. Make a note of 0:00:59.440 --> 0:01:02.360 it in a way. So my personal pet peeve in 0:01:02.400 --> 0:01:07.959 this in today's episode always involves things that are very 0:01:07.959 --> 0:01:11.920 difficult to define and that there are not specific parameters 0:01:12.240 --> 0:01:16.080 where a thing is categorized as one thing versus another thing. 0:01:16.959 --> 0:01:21.919 Now here's an example, ship versus boat. So a ship 0:01:22.120 --> 0:01:25.440 technically is a vessel large enough to carry a boat 0:01:25.800 --> 0:01:28.560 and a boat is technically a vessel small enough to 0:01:28.560 --> 0:01:32.280 be carried upon a ship. I have a problem with this. 0:01:32.800 --> 0:01:36.720 There should be a specific size where a boat becomes 0:01:36.720 --> 0:01:40.360 a ship or a ship is degraded down to a boat. Also, 0:01:40.840 --> 0:01:45.640 mountain versus hill, what's up with that mountain? Hill? And 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:48.040 the hill is smaller than a mountain? Says to my 0:01:48.080 --> 0:01:52.240 personal pet, Peeve. I'm pretty sure, yeah, that the Titanic 0:01:52.360 --> 0:01:54.840 is large enough to be considered a ship. Okay, fine, 0:01:54.960 --> 0:01:57.919 So this boat even now was made back in alright, 0:01:57.920 --> 0:01:59.800 so lett's talk about let's talk about this all right. 0:01:59.840 --> 0:02:05.640 So is it's famous, right, obviously famous because of the 0:02:05.640 --> 0:02:09.000 the disaster, the sinking of the Titanic. I was expecting 0:02:09.080 --> 0:02:12.320 to say because of that documentary on Titanic. There are 0:02:12.320 --> 0:02:15.480 many documentaries on Titanic, and some of them are actually documentaries. 0:02:15.560 --> 0:02:17.799 Well yeah, and and the reason that it came up 0:02:17.880 --> 0:02:22.680 was because there we just passed the anniversary. Also, Leonardo 0:02:22.720 --> 0:02:26.200 DiCaprio was in the office the other day, that's not true, 0:02:26.600 --> 0:02:32.000 thinking of the Titanic and was apologizing for her performance. 0:02:32.000 --> 0:02:35.239 And no, it's not true either. That's really sweet. So 0:02:35.320 --> 0:02:38.560 we we uh, we have just passed the you know, 0:02:38.680 --> 0:02:42.440 people talking about um the Titanic, and and it's sort 0:02:42.480 --> 0:02:44.919 of romanticized in a way, not because of the movie, 0:02:44.960 --> 0:02:49.000 but because, I guess because it was supposedly unsinkable, because 0:02:49.000 --> 0:02:53.480 it was so immensely Titanic. Yeah, and it was also 0:02:53.560 --> 0:02:58.079 there's also an era of romanticism again, one of those 0:02:58.080 --> 0:03:00.160 things where you look back on a time and you 0:03:00.480 --> 0:03:03.720 romanticize it because you know, it seems it seems this 0:03:03.840 --> 0:03:08.720 sort of uh, ethereal time that we can only imagine now. 0:03:09.000 --> 0:03:11.160 I mean, we can see the pictures in the film 0:03:11.200 --> 0:03:15.639 and everything, but still it feels like otherworldly because it's 0:03:15.680 --> 0:03:19.520 not our experience. Yes, the Titanic sank on April fourteenth, 0:03:19.639 --> 0:03:22.800 nineteen twelve. Now it had two thousand, two hundred eight 0:03:22.880 --> 0:03:28.040 passengers and eight officers and crew members aboard. Out of those, 0:03:28.680 --> 0:03:33.639 about one thousand, five hundred thirteen or so the records, 0:03:33.840 --> 0:03:39.040 very depending on who you ask, about a thousand, five thousand, 0:03:39.120 --> 0:03:43.560 hundred seventeen or somewhere thereabouts died. And in fact, there 0:03:43.600 --> 0:03:47.120 were only room for one thousand, one hundred seventy six 0:03:47.240 --> 0:03:52.120 passengers in the lifeboats. They didn't have enough lifeboats for 0:03:52.160 --> 0:03:57.320 the entire crew and passenger list. Uh and it's you know, 0:03:57.360 --> 0:04:02.240 it's it's certainly one of the most famous tragedies to 0:04:02.640 --> 0:04:05.320 happen in the travel industry. It's one of those things 0:04:05.320 --> 0:04:09.040 that is legendary, really, and the legend has just grown 0:04:09.240 --> 0:04:13.040 over the years since the sinking. A little bit other 0:04:13.400 --> 0:04:15.680 more information about the people who died, just something that 0:04:15.680 --> 0:04:19.800 I thought was kind of interesting and tragic. So h 0:04:19.920 --> 0:04:24.240 there were three hundred and twenty nine first class passengers 0:04:24.800 --> 0:04:29.760 on the Titanic. On three of them died. That's thirty 0:04:29.760 --> 0:04:32.760 seven percent of the actually all of them are dead now, 0:04:32.839 --> 0:04:36.360 but at the time, seven percent of the first class 0:04:36.400 --> 0:04:43.520 passengers died. Third class passengers there were uh seven and 0:04:43.600 --> 0:04:48.280 ten of them. Five hundred and twenty seven of them 0:04:48.400 --> 0:04:52.520 died in the sinking of the Titanic, which is about 0:04:52.680 --> 0:04:58.760 seventy four of them, So thirty seven percent first class passengers. 0:04:58.800 --> 0:05:03.160 Third class passengers wished in the sinking, which is led 0:05:03.160 --> 0:05:05.520 to quite a bit of discussion about how the third 0:05:05.520 --> 0:05:09.479 class passengers were treated and uh and how preferential treatment 0:05:09.520 --> 0:05:12.760 was given to first class passengers. Uh and there are 0:05:12.760 --> 0:05:18.880 plenty of conflicting reports about crew members actually restraining third 0:05:18.880 --> 0:05:22.279 class passengers from getting to the lifeboats until all the 0:05:22.279 --> 0:05:25.040 first class passengers were taken care of, or as many 0:05:25.080 --> 0:05:30.400 as possible. So lots of different reasons why this tragedy 0:05:30.600 --> 0:05:32.640 has lived on in our minds. But we wanted to 0:05:32.640 --> 0:05:36.240 talk a little bit about the technology aboard the Titanic, 0:05:36.760 --> 0:05:39.400 the development of the Titanic, and also some technology that 0:05:39.520 --> 0:05:42.919 was developed as a result of the or at least 0:05:43.480 --> 0:05:47.719 pushed forward as a result of the Titanic sinking. Uh. 0:05:47.880 --> 0:05:50.760 I would say that the Titanic is the story. The 0:05:50.800 --> 0:05:53.960 Titanic is intertwined with technology. Yes, I mean it was 0:05:54.080 --> 0:05:58.000 that the ship was supposedly cutting edge. It had been 0:05:58.800 --> 0:06:03.919 theoretically designed to prevent something like this from happening. Um, 0:06:04.000 --> 0:06:05.760 and uh, you know, it had a lot of high 0:06:05.760 --> 0:06:10.120 tech equipment on board. Um it also uh you know, 0:06:10.160 --> 0:06:15.040 it's it's it's equipment had some success. I would say 0:06:15.080 --> 0:06:17.120 that some of the systems did exactly what they were 0:06:17.120 --> 0:06:20.120 supposed to. They performed very very well, and other systems 0:06:20.640 --> 0:06:26.159 failed terribly, leading to uh, ultimately to more passengers dying. 0:06:26.680 --> 0:06:28.840 And um, you know there are things like the number 0:06:28.880 --> 0:06:33.200 of lifeboats, which are not necessarily technological issues that were 0:06:33.839 --> 0:06:35.719 you know, that were problems, and of course they were 0:06:35.760 --> 0:06:39.400 problems but we wanted to focus specifically on the technologies 0:06:39.480 --> 0:06:43.120 because um, at the time the ship was designed to be, 0:06:43.320 --> 0:06:45.640 you know, top of the line, and in fact it 0:06:45.680 --> 0:06:48.760 was I believe the larger ship uh that had been 0:06:48.800 --> 0:06:51.679 built for pat you know, for cruises at that time. 0:06:51.880 --> 0:06:55.039 And its sister ships because there were two other the 0:06:55.080 --> 0:06:58.320 Gigantic and the Britannic. No, not the Britannic, which was 0:06:58.360 --> 0:07:02.000 originally called the Britannic. It was the Olympic Olympia maybe 0:07:02.040 --> 0:07:06.320 was the Olympia but not yeah, so the but but 0:07:06.400 --> 0:07:08.920 those three ships. What happened was back in nineteen o 0:07:09.120 --> 0:07:14.440 seven there was a dinner meeting between J. Bruce Ismay, 0:07:14.640 --> 0:07:18.120 who was the son of Thomas Isnay Ismay, who is 0:07:18.160 --> 0:07:22.920 the founder of the White Star Line ocean liner company. 0:07:23.000 --> 0:07:26.600 So these this was a company that was managing and 0:07:26.680 --> 0:07:29.920 maintaining these huge ocean liners, which was the way to 0:07:29.960 --> 0:07:33.120 travel back then if you're going to go overseas. But 0:07:33.240 --> 0:07:37.000 the problem was that or perhaps the opportunity, I should say, 0:07:37.000 --> 0:07:40.559 the opportunity was there to create luxury liners that would 0:07:40.720 --> 0:07:46.000 improve passenger comfort and the ideas by providing this these comforts, 0:07:46.360 --> 0:07:48.480 more people would want to travel and you would have 0:07:48.480 --> 0:07:52.280 a much more successful business because the liners previously we're 0:07:52.400 --> 0:07:55.800 pretty plain. You know, it just was it was just 0:07:55.880 --> 0:07:59.560 a you would get a very plain lodgings and you 0:07:59.560 --> 0:08:02.160 would be on board the ship for days and days 0:08:02.720 --> 0:08:07.040 trying to cross oceans, and it wasn't terribly luxurious or comfortable. 0:08:07.320 --> 0:08:09.480 So the idea was, let's let's change that. Let's make 0:08:09.480 --> 0:08:13.160 these luxury liners that can can cater to the comfort 0:08:13.160 --> 0:08:18.000 of passengers, and so uh he had a Ismael had 0:08:18.040 --> 0:08:21.720 a dinner with a fellow named Lord Peery, and Lord 0:08:21.720 --> 0:08:25.560 Peery was the chairman of Harland and Wolf shipbuilders, and 0:08:25.600 --> 0:08:28.280 the two of them started talking about a couple of 0:08:28.400 --> 0:08:32.080 liners that had recently launched, the Mauritania and the Lusitania, 0:08:32.880 --> 0:08:36.160 and both of these ships were larger, larger than any 0:08:36.480 --> 0:08:40.240 previous ones at that point, and were known for their 0:08:40.800 --> 0:08:45.400 their amenities, and so Ismael was thinking, we could do that. 0:08:45.520 --> 0:08:48.880 Why don't we design some ships that can even put 0:08:48.920 --> 0:08:53.400 these behind and and make these seem primitive in comparison. 0:08:53.440 --> 0:08:56.479 And the Titanic was one of the three ships designed 0:08:56.559 --> 0:08:58.800 to do such a thing, and it was at the 0:08:58.840 --> 0:09:02.080 time one of the yeah, one of the largest vessels 0:09:02.120 --> 0:09:04.640 on the ocean. It was two and a half feet 0:09:04.760 --> 0:09:10.600 long two or so almost two sixty ninety two point 0:09:10.600 --> 0:09:14.040 five ft wide, which is about twenty eight ms, and 0:09:14.080 --> 0:09:18.800 it weighed about forty five thousand tons, so big ship, 0:09:18.920 --> 0:09:22.680 which meant a couple of things. It meant one that 0:09:23.240 --> 0:09:27.920 maneuvering such a ship was challenging because it was so large. 0:09:27.960 --> 0:09:29.439 That was not the kind of ship that's going to 0:09:29.520 --> 0:09:31.920 stop on a dime or turn in a very tight 0:09:32.000 --> 0:09:36.000 radius in order to chin a quarter an order dollar 0:09:36.160 --> 0:09:38.720 in order to change the course of this ship and 0:09:38.800 --> 0:09:42.560 to change its its speed required quite a bit of leeway, 0:09:42.640 --> 0:09:45.960 which was one of the big problems that the Titanic 0:09:46.040 --> 0:09:50.480 encountered when it had its famous tragedy on a few 0:09:50.520 --> 0:09:55.400 days later after it launched. So that was one of 0:09:55.520 --> 0:09:58.360 the main things about it was just its sheer size. 0:09:58.760 --> 0:10:04.680 It had these enormous turbines that were operated off of 0:10:04.760 --> 0:10:09.960 the exhausting that the There was these reciprocating engines aboard 0:10:10.040 --> 0:10:14.360 the Titanic, two of them that would create steam there. 0:10:14.040 --> 0:10:18.959 The engines themselves were almost forty ft tall, and uh 0:10:19.160 --> 0:10:22.760 the steam would power these turbines that would turn these 0:10:22.840 --> 0:10:27.000 uh three blade propellers that were twenty three and a 0:10:27.080 --> 0:10:29.800 half feet in diameter. It's about seven meters or so. 0:10:30.880 --> 0:10:34.800 And uh, there was also a four blade propeller that 0:10:34.920 --> 0:10:37.440 was seventeen ft in diameter or about five meters, that 0:10:37.520 --> 0:10:41.319 was located near the ship's rudder, which helped the Titanic 0:10:41.400 --> 0:10:45.600 attain speeds close to twenty four knots. So you've got 0:10:45.640 --> 0:10:49.280 this massive ship and this huge engine and these big 0:10:49.960 --> 0:10:53.760 turbines and propellers to help move it through the water. 0:10:53.920 --> 0:10:59.959 And yes, it did not maneuver um nimbly, right new 0:11:00.080 --> 0:11:05.760 BLI nimbly. It was not a nimble type of vessel. 0:11:06.280 --> 0:11:10.000 Was It was very impressive, but not designed to, you know, 0:11:10.080 --> 0:11:16.240 do slalomn courses unless they were miles wide. Yeah. And 0:11:16.240 --> 0:11:21.120 and this is when technology plays a part two. Um, 0:11:21.160 --> 0:11:25.760 should we talk about the probably the most famous uh 0:11:25.880 --> 0:11:30.560 technological system. Uh. I've got a couple of ideas of 0:11:30.559 --> 0:11:32.160 what you could be talking about. Are you talking about 0:11:32.200 --> 0:11:39.000 Marconi's invention? I was talking about Bill Marconi's invention. Bill, Yes, 0:11:40.000 --> 0:11:45.760 Phil Marconi? Alright, fine, So Billy, Uh, where'd you get 0:11:45.800 --> 0:11:50.720 Bill from? I'd go with Gil Marconi. Yeah. Anyway, Marconi 0:11:51.000 --> 0:11:55.040 of course famous for um not inventing the radio, because 0:11:55.040 --> 0:11:58.840 Tesla did that. But if you've heard he is famous 0:11:58.880 --> 0:12:01.200 for inventing the radios, he was for inventing the radio. 0:12:01.240 --> 0:12:03.480 But there are plenty of people who argued that Tesla 0:12:03.520 --> 0:12:06.319 did actually invented the radio. That was me poking fun 0:12:06.400 --> 0:12:11.920 at Marconi. Uh, but Mark, he certainly, he certainly made 0:12:12.000 --> 0:12:17.600 the radio a practical invention as opposed to just a curiosity. Well, 0:12:17.720 --> 0:12:21.199 Marconi's thing was radio. Tesla was, you know, sort of 0:12:21.240 --> 0:12:22.880 busy with all kinds of different things. Yeah, he was. 0:12:22.920 --> 0:12:26.680 He was a little less focused, but um, he did 0:12:26.720 --> 0:12:30.000 patent radio and then Marconi got the patent overturned. Anyway, 0:12:30.040 --> 0:12:32.160 that's a different story we've talked about before in this podcast. 0:12:32.200 --> 0:12:36.199 So Marconi has this radio system that ships were starting 0:12:36.240 --> 0:12:39.520 to use at the time the Titanic launched. There were 0:12:39.520 --> 0:12:42.720 several ships that had radio systems, but they were still 0:12:42.800 --> 0:12:48.600 relatively new and uh they could only really transmit radio 0:12:48.640 --> 0:12:51.320 waves and short little bursts, so they were perfect for 0:12:51.360 --> 0:12:55.000 things like Morse code, but they were not designed for 0:12:55.280 --> 0:13:00.520 voice transmission, right, So uh, it was it was a 0:13:00.520 --> 0:13:03.200 spark transmitter, right. You had to have you had to 0:13:03.240 --> 0:13:06.160 have operators on board your ship who would be able 0:13:06.320 --> 0:13:10.760 to to take messages, convert them to Morse code and 0:13:10.760 --> 0:13:13.760 send them in as well as receive messages. And the 0:13:13.800 --> 0:13:17.880 Titanic had two operators, which was unusual for a lot 0:13:17.920 --> 0:13:20.520 of ships. Many ships only had the one, and in fact, 0:13:21.000 --> 0:13:24.760 it was fairly common practice aboard these ships for you know, 0:13:24.800 --> 0:13:27.920 at certain times a night, the operator would turn in, 0:13:28.400 --> 0:13:30.480 like they would be the end of the operator shift, 0:13:30.480 --> 0:13:32.240 and they'd go to bed and there'd be no one 0:13:32.400 --> 0:13:35.920 manning the radio at that time. That will prove to 0:13:35.920 --> 0:13:39.880 be important. So there were the two who were aboard 0:13:39.880 --> 0:13:45.400 the Titanic were Harold Bride who survived the ordeal, and 0:13:45.600 --> 0:13:48.640 Jack Phillips who went down with the ship UH and 0:13:48.720 --> 0:13:53.160 these two men were in charge of manning this radio 0:13:53.360 --> 0:13:56.760 and um monitoring messages that were coming in and sending 0:13:56.760 --> 0:13:59.720 messages that were going out. One of the problems that 0:14:00.080 --> 0:14:05.880 happened that that helped contribute to this tragedy. A lot 0:14:05.880 --> 0:14:09.600 of people talk about how the Titanic received several reports, 0:14:09.720 --> 0:14:13.200 at least four reports from four different ships about ice 0:14:13.320 --> 0:14:16.360 in the area directly ahead of where the Titanic was 0:14:16.360 --> 0:14:20.640 was going, and that if the Titanic had heated these reports, 0:14:20.680 --> 0:14:23.440 perhaps they could have either altered the course or changed 0:14:23.480 --> 0:14:27.520 the speed, and maybe tragedy could have been averted. But 0:14:27.760 --> 0:14:31.560 here's the issue, back here, back at this time where 0:14:31.600 --> 0:14:37.000 people are using these these you know, these transmitters. Uh, 0:14:37.120 --> 0:14:39.800 it all depended on how powerful your transmitter was, whether 0:14:39.880 --> 0:14:41.880 or not you would pick something up. You could overpower 0:14:41.920 --> 0:14:46.360 someone else's transmitter because everyone's just essentially broadcasting full blast. 0:14:47.040 --> 0:14:49.680 There's no there's no fine tuning at this point. It's 0:14:49.680 --> 0:14:52.680 either on or it's off. And there were a lot 0:14:52.720 --> 0:14:55.680 of people who wanted to send messages out from the 0:14:55.720 --> 0:14:58.000 Titanic because it was a very novel thing to do, 0:14:58.440 --> 0:15:00.320 and there were a lot of people on the shores 0:15:00.400 --> 0:15:02.720 of the United States who wanted to send messages to 0:15:02.920 --> 0:15:06.400 the people aboard the Titanic. So the operators were constantly 0:15:06.440 --> 0:15:10.240 busy sending out messages. And in fact, at one point 0:15:11.320 --> 0:15:14.560 a message came in from from I think it was 0:15:14.600 --> 0:15:19.360 the California, Yes, the r MS Californian, Californian and it's 0:15:19.400 --> 0:15:23.680 just about eleven pm, and uh, I won't bother trying 0:15:23.720 --> 0:15:26.920 to affect a my poor version of the British accent, 0:15:27.320 --> 0:15:29.240 but it says, say, old man, we are stopped and 0:15:29.280 --> 0:15:34.560 surrounded by ice and uh sailed then about let's stopped 0:15:34.560 --> 0:15:37.120 it surrounded by ice. See now now you've got the 0:15:37.560 --> 0:15:42.080 both that and the early early twentieth century movie I'm 0:15:42.120 --> 0:15:45.600 talking way too fast. It's a dirigible competition. Um. And 0:15:45.680 --> 0:15:51.600 about ten minutes later, um, the telegraph operator on Titanic 0:15:51.800 --> 0:15:54.600 and this just gets me and it probably will YouTube 0:15:55.160 --> 0:15:59.520 when you hear it. The Titanic sends back, keep out, 0:15:59.600 --> 0:16:02.360 shut up, shut up, I am busy. I'm working Cape Race, 0:16:02.480 --> 0:16:06.720 which is on the coast of Canada. Yes, So what 0:16:06.760 --> 0:16:10.360 was going on was that the the operator aboard the 0:16:10.360 --> 0:16:15.920 Titanic was communicating with Cape Race and sending personal messages exactly. 0:16:15.920 --> 0:16:17.520 It was all these messages that were coming in and 0:16:17.560 --> 0:16:21.440 going out from past two and from passengers on the 0:16:21.440 --> 0:16:27.120 Titanic and folks on the shore. So the problem here 0:16:27.320 --> 0:16:29.360 is that for an operator to be able to hear 0:16:29.400 --> 0:16:32.400 these messages. Now these, depending on the power of the transmitter, 0:16:32.560 --> 0:16:36.760 these radio messages could go a really long distance, like 0:16:37.000 --> 0:16:40.400 the Titanic could broadcast five miles in the daytime and 0:16:40.440 --> 0:16:43.440 two thousand miles at night. And we've talked about this, 0:16:43.560 --> 0:16:47.240 how using shortwave radio you can bounce radio waves off 0:16:47.240 --> 0:16:49.640 the ionosphere and make it go further. We talked about 0:16:49.640 --> 0:16:54.160 that in our numbers station podcasts. Remember, well that works 0:16:54.200 --> 0:16:58.560 best at night. Um, the during the daytime, the ionosphere 0:16:58.680 --> 0:17:01.000 just it behaves differently than it does at night. So 0:17:01.120 --> 0:17:04.160 at night the Titanic could broadcast these messages much further. 0:17:04.880 --> 0:17:08.040 And uh. The problem is that in order to listen 0:17:08.440 --> 0:17:13.119 in for incoming messages, you had to listen very carefully. Well, 0:17:13.160 --> 0:17:18.120 if another ship nearby was broadcasting, then that broadcast would 0:17:18.160 --> 0:17:21.720 overpower any incoming messages from the shore. Because the shore 0:17:21.760 --> 0:17:24.800 is much further away, the signals weaker, so the signal 0:17:24.880 --> 0:17:28.119 from a nearby ship would be much louder. So the 0:17:28.160 --> 0:17:31.280 shut up, shut up part is really the operators saying, 0:17:31.480 --> 0:17:34.639 I have to turn my sense, the sensitivity of this 0:17:34.680 --> 0:17:36.520 all the way up so I could pick up messages. 0:17:36.560 --> 0:17:38.639 So when you talk, it's like someone shouting with a 0:17:38.680 --> 0:17:42.280 bullhorn right next to my ear. So please shut up, 0:17:42.280 --> 0:17:44.719 because I'm trying to listen to these messages. Now, if 0:17:44.760 --> 0:17:47.800 they had actually heated that warning, send that up to 0:17:47.840 --> 0:17:50.600 the bridge. Now that According to some reports, the bridge 0:17:50.600 --> 0:17:53.159 did receive a couple of different reports about ice, but 0:17:53.240 --> 0:17:55.720 not all of them. So, like I think most of 0:17:55.720 --> 0:17:59.040 the reports I read suggests that two of the reports 0:17:59.040 --> 0:18:02.720 that came in never to the bridge, and although based 0:18:02.800 --> 0:18:06.000 upon the way that everything turned out, maybe it wouldn't 0:18:05.920 --> 0:18:09.000 have mattered anyway, because it seemed like a lot of 0:18:09.040 --> 0:18:12.280 the crew were fairly confident that, you know, they could 0:18:12.440 --> 0:18:15.800 maneuver through the ice without any problem, which as we 0:18:16.359 --> 0:18:21.040 see it's not the case. Um. But yeah, at least 0:18:21.040 --> 0:18:26.600 half of the messages did not get to the bridge anyway. So, Uh. 0:18:27.640 --> 0:18:30.159 The radio was very much day of the art at 0:18:30.160 --> 0:18:32.880 the time. However, it was still so primitive. The fact 0:18:32.880 --> 0:18:35.439 that you couldn't just switch a channel and have a 0:18:35.480 --> 0:18:37.840 dedicated channel so that you didn't have to worry about 0:18:37.880 --> 0:18:42.240 overwriting someone else's messages, that was a problem. And uh, 0:18:42.400 --> 0:18:44.320 and the fact that it was since it was such 0:18:44.359 --> 0:18:46.560 a novelty and everyone wanted to use it to communicate, 0:18:46.680 --> 0:18:48.719 was a problem because it meant that the operator couldn't 0:18:48.760 --> 0:18:53.840 actually concentrate on really important information coming in. Another problem 0:18:53.880 --> 0:18:56.719 with the radio being being so early is that they 0:18:56.760 --> 0:19:02.840 had different UM different designation for I AM in trouble. Yeah, 0:19:03.359 --> 0:19:08.200 now officially UM, the one that we're probably most familiar 0:19:08.240 --> 0:19:14.760 with UM s OS had actually been adopted mostly had 0:19:14.800 --> 0:19:17.840 been adopted by the German Navy. Well, German navy did 0:19:17.880 --> 0:19:21.520 that first, they did, um, well, the Marconi company first, 0:19:21.680 --> 0:19:26.280 uh set up c q D as it's uh, it's 0:19:26.320 --> 0:19:29.720 as as it's distressed call, which is why I not 0:19:29.960 --> 0:19:31.800 say that any better, it's what And that's what the 0:19:31.840 --> 0:19:35.720 Titanic was using c q D. Yeah, and basically that 0:19:35.880 --> 0:19:41.160 that's actually a homophonic French um for c Q being 0:19:41.359 --> 0:19:46.760 st SAKU which is short for security A basically meaning um, 0:19:46.880 --> 0:19:51.080 you know, help and be being for distress. So basically 0:19:51.080 --> 0:19:55.960 saying hey, I need help, I'm in distress. Um. Now, Germany, 0:19:56.520 --> 0:19:59.480 that was in February one, now a little bit more 0:19:59.560 --> 0:20:02.800 than a year later, in April onet En five, Uh, 0:20:02.920 --> 0:20:04.840 Germany said no, we're going to go with s O 0:20:05.080 --> 0:20:08.280 S three dots, three dashes, three dots. It's easy to say, 0:20:08.359 --> 0:20:10.879 it's very easy to transmit, and it's very easy to 0:20:10.880 --> 0:20:15.840 inderstand um. And they had saved other ships. In June tenth, 0:20:15.920 --> 0:20:18.880 nineteen nine, the Slavonia used s O S. Yeah, that's 0:20:18.880 --> 0:20:21.680 what s S stands for it save other ships. No, 0:20:22.080 --> 0:20:24.080 actually it doesn't stand for anything. A lot of people 0:20:24.119 --> 0:20:26.879 think it stands for save our ship. Now the and 0:20:27.000 --> 0:20:29.120 the reason is just as Chris said, it's because the 0:20:29.200 --> 0:20:32.760 Morse code for it is UH is very easy to 0:20:32.800 --> 0:20:36.040 transmit and detect. That's the only reason s OS is 0:20:36.160 --> 0:20:39.879 used as a as an alert is because once you 0:20:39.920 --> 0:20:42.760 hear it, you know, did it? It did? Did it? 0:20:43.160 --> 0:20:45.560 Once you hear that, you got it. Yeah, it's pretty 0:20:45.600 --> 0:20:47.760 it's pretty simple, and I think uh a lot of 0:20:47.840 --> 0:20:50.479 people now know exactly what it means. As a matter 0:20:50.480 --> 0:20:52.440 of fact, somebody had it for their ringtone on their 0:20:52.440 --> 0:20:56.400 phone somewhere and I'm going to somebody actually, I mean, 0:20:56.800 --> 0:21:01.040 is someone in distress? Yeah? How many how many movies? 0:21:01.119 --> 0:21:04.320 Has somebody been captured and you know, locked in some 0:21:04.359 --> 0:21:07.040 cellar thing and they start like hammering on a pipe. 0:21:07.080 --> 0:21:11.199 Some pull out their keys and they just start tapping 0:21:11.200 --> 0:21:14.000 against the pipe. And then mcgiver realizes that he's got 0:21:14.000 --> 0:21:16.200 a bottle cap, some bubblegum and a knife and he 0:21:16.240 --> 0:21:18.399 can turn that into a nuclear reaction. If only had 0:21:18.440 --> 0:21:20.400 a duct tape, he could have made a tongue machine man. 0:21:20.560 --> 0:21:23.720 That would have been great anyway. Yeah, So the problem 0:21:23.760 --> 0:21:27.639 here is that with the different the different UH codes 0:21:27.720 --> 0:21:31.600 for distress, not all ships understood what the Titanic was 0:21:31.640 --> 0:21:34.040 sending out. Once the Titanic did start sending out the 0:21:34.080 --> 0:21:38.320 stress signals, some of the nearby ships didn't know to respond, 0:21:38.359 --> 0:21:41.480 and it wasn't until later in the night when they 0:21:41.520 --> 0:21:45.600 started to the the operators decided to actually include s 0:21:45.640 --> 0:21:50.640 OS as well as CQD and um there, I actually 0:21:50.640 --> 0:21:52.679 have a list of some of the messages that were 0:21:52.720 --> 0:21:55.360 sent out. I I do as well. Um, yeah, so 0:21:55.440 --> 0:21:58.760 there's one at twelve fifteen am. Actually, before we do that, 0:21:58.800 --> 0:22:00.879 I should go through really quickly and just do a 0:22:01.000 --> 0:22:05.120 quick time of events, like what happened when, because then 0:22:05.160 --> 0:22:07.919 that will give some context to these messages. So it 0:22:08.000 --> 0:22:12.600 was an eleven thirty five pm on April that they 0:22:12.680 --> 0:22:15.080 spotted the iceberg, where it was about a quarter of 0:22:15.080 --> 0:22:17.960 a mile ahead. Unfortunately, they would have needed at least 0:22:17.960 --> 0:22:22.560 half It was the fourteen Oh, you're right, you're right right, 0:22:22.640 --> 0:22:24.720 the fifteenth this when it actually sunk. Fourteenth was when 0:22:24.720 --> 0:22:28.680 it struck. I'm sorry, April fourt uh, Chris is completely right. 0:22:28.800 --> 0:22:32.760 So April fourteen pm is when they spot the iceberg. 0:22:32.800 --> 0:22:34.639 It's a quarter mile ahead. No, Unfortunately, they would have 0:22:34.680 --> 0:22:37.760 needed a half mile to actually stop the ship or 0:22:37.800 --> 0:22:40.280 move around it. So the best they could do is 0:22:40.560 --> 0:22:43.120 kind of skirt the edge of the iceberg. But here's 0:22:43.119 --> 0:22:45.480 the thing about icebergs. The part you see up on 0:22:45.600 --> 0:22:49.480 top is just a tiny fraction of the iceberg. There's 0:22:49.520 --> 0:22:53.800 a whole lot of iceberg underneath the waters the waterline, 0:22:54.640 --> 0:22:57.520 and uh, the problem was that part of this underwater 0:22:57.760 --> 0:23:01.280 section of the iceberg jutted out and the and it's 0:23:01.280 --> 0:23:03.879 scraped the side of the Titanic. It actually made six 0:23:04.000 --> 0:23:07.119 gashes in the Titanics hall, which and we'll talk about 0:23:07.119 --> 0:23:10.119 why that happened to It wasn't a head on collision, no, no, 0:23:10.240 --> 0:23:13.080 it hit It hit just one side of the Titanic, 0:23:13.119 --> 0:23:15.560 but that was enough to to cause it the problem. 0:23:15.640 --> 0:23:19.879 So so they spot the iceberg eleven forties so just 0:23:20.040 --> 0:23:25.360 five minutes later, that's when the Titanic scrapes against the iceberg. Uh. 0:23:25.400 --> 0:23:29.440 And then by midnight, the watertight compartments, of which there 0:23:29.440 --> 0:23:33.520 were sixteen in the within the Titanic, they start to 0:23:33.520 --> 0:23:36.359 fill up. Now six of them, five or six, depending 0:23:36.359 --> 0:23:40.320 on who you asked. We're filling up with water. Originally, 0:23:41.440 --> 0:23:45.400 the shipbuilders said that the Titanic would be perfectly fine 0:23:45.800 --> 0:23:48.560 if three of those water tight compartments flooded, it would 0:23:48.560 --> 0:23:50.920 still be able to sail as if there were no problems, 0:23:51.160 --> 0:23:54.159 and it could continue with four of them flooded, but 0:23:54.200 --> 0:23:56.960 it would have some problems. But with five or six flooded, 0:23:57.000 --> 0:23:58.920 it was just a matter of time before the Titanic 0:23:58.920 --> 0:24:01.920 would sink. And I'll go into more about that and 0:24:02.000 --> 0:24:04.479 a little bit too. So at one twenty in the morning, 0:24:05.359 --> 0:24:09.879 the bow of the of the Titanic begins to pitch 0:24:10.040 --> 0:24:13.359 into the water. So the weight from the water coming 0:24:13.359 --> 0:24:18.600 into those water tight containment areas is making the ship tilt, 0:24:19.880 --> 0:24:23.679 and that's actually causing more problems with flooding. Then at 0:24:23.720 --> 0:24:27.680 two am, the bottle starts to submerge and the propellers 0:24:27.720 --> 0:24:30.760 actually lift out of the water because of the weight 0:24:30.800 --> 0:24:32.480 from the water in the in the bow end of 0:24:32.480 --> 0:24:37.800 the ship wouldn't be the screws just okay, technically yes. 0:24:37.840 --> 0:24:41.000 At to ten, the Titanic starts to tilt about forty 0:24:41.040 --> 0:24:45.440 five degrees and the steel structure that underlies the ship 0:24:45.600 --> 0:24:48.439 starts to give way because the weight of the the 0:24:48.560 --> 0:24:50.600 end lifted out of the water is too much for it. 0:24:51.080 --> 0:24:54.119