1 00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:02,880 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 2 00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:08,960 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology? With 3 00:00:09,039 --> 00:00:17,640 Speaker 1: tech Stuff from how stuff looks dot com. Hello again, everyone, 4 00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:19,919 Speaker 1: and welcome to tech stuff. My name is Chris Poulette, 5 00:00:19,880 --> 00:00:22,400 Speaker 1: and I'm an editor at how Stuff works dot com. 6 00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:25,840 Speaker 1: Sitting across from me as usual as wait for it, 7 00:00:26,920 --> 00:00:30,600 Speaker 1: senior writer Jonathan Strickland, Ships at a distance have every 8 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:34,920 Speaker 1: man's wish on board. All right, today we're gonna talk 9 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:39,520 Speaker 1: about a boat. You're are you doing that to goad 10 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:43,559 Speaker 1: me or the people writing in what that should be 11 00:00:43,560 --> 00:00:46,879 Speaker 1: called a ship and boat? Okay, wait, before we get started, 12 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,240 Speaker 1: this is a personal pet peeve like Jonathan Strickland. In fact, 13 00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:54,240 Speaker 1: I want there to be a special musical sting for 14 00:00:54,760 --> 00:00:59,400 Speaker 1: personal pet peeve of Jonathan Strickland. Make a note of 15 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:02,360 Speaker 1: it in a way. So my personal pet peeve in 16 00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:07,959 Speaker 1: this in today's episode always involves things that are very 17 00:01:07,959 --> 00:01:11,920 Speaker 1: difficult to define and that there are not specific parameters 18 00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:16,080 Speaker 1: where a thing is categorized as one thing versus another thing. 19 00:01:16,959 --> 00:01:21,919 Speaker 1: Now here's an example, ship versus boat. So a ship 20 00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:25,440 Speaker 1: technically is a vessel large enough to carry a boat 21 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,560 Speaker 1: and a boat is technically a vessel small enough to 22 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:32,280 Speaker 1: be carried upon a ship. I have a problem with this. 23 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:36,720 Speaker 1: There should be a specific size where a boat becomes 24 00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:40,360 Speaker 1: a ship or a ship is degraded down to a boat. Also, 25 00:01:40,840 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: mountain versus hill, what's up with that mountain? Hill? And 26 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:48,040 Speaker 1: the hill is smaller than a mountain? Says to my 27 00:01:48,080 --> 00:01:52,240 Speaker 1: personal pet, Peeve. I'm pretty sure, yeah, that the Titanic 28 00:01:52,360 --> 00:01:54,840 Speaker 1: is large enough to be considered a ship. Okay, fine, 29 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:57,919 Speaker 1: So this boat even now was made back in alright, 30 00:01:57,920 --> 00:01:59,800 Speaker 1: so lett's talk about let's talk about this all right. 31 00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:05,640 Speaker 1: So is it's famous, right, obviously famous because of the 32 00:02:05,640 --> 00:02:09,000 Speaker 1: the disaster, the sinking of the Titanic. I was expecting 33 00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:12,320 Speaker 1: to say because of that documentary on Titanic. There are 34 00:02:12,320 --> 00:02:15,480 Speaker 1: many documentaries on Titanic, and some of them are actually documentaries. 35 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:17,799 Speaker 1: Well yeah, and and the reason that it came up 36 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:22,680 Speaker 1: was because there we just passed the anniversary. Also, Leonardo 37 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:26,200 Speaker 1: DiCaprio was in the office the other day, that's not true, 38 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:32,000 Speaker 1: thinking of the Titanic and was apologizing for her performance. 39 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:35,239 Speaker 1: And no, it's not true either. That's really sweet. So 40 00:02:35,320 --> 00:02:38,560 Speaker 1: we we uh, we have just passed the you know, 41 00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:42,440 Speaker 1: people talking about um the Titanic, and and it's sort 42 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:44,919 Speaker 1: of romanticized in a way, not because of the movie, 43 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:49,000 Speaker 1: but because, I guess because it was supposedly unsinkable, because 44 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:53,480 Speaker 1: it was so immensely Titanic. Yeah, and it was also 45 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:58,079 Speaker 1: there's also an era of romanticism again, one of those 46 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:00,160 Speaker 1: things where you look back on a time and you 47 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:03,720 Speaker 1: romanticize it because you know, it seems it seems this 48 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:08,720 Speaker 1: sort of uh, ethereal time that we can only imagine now. 49 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:11,160 Speaker 1: I mean, we can see the pictures in the film 50 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:15,639 Speaker 1: and everything, but still it feels like otherworldly because it's 51 00:03:15,680 --> 00:03:19,520 Speaker 1: not our experience. Yes, the Titanic sank on April fourteenth, 52 00:03:19,639 --> 00:03:22,800 Speaker 1: nineteen twelve. Now it had two thousand, two hundred eight 53 00:03:22,880 --> 00:03:28,040 Speaker 1: passengers and eight officers and crew members aboard. Out of those, 54 00:03:28,680 --> 00:03:33,639 Speaker 1: about one thousand, five hundred thirteen or so the records, 55 00:03:33,840 --> 00:03:39,040 Speaker 1: very depending on who you ask, about a thousand, five thousand, 56 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:43,560 Speaker 1: hundred seventeen or somewhere thereabouts died. And in fact, there 57 00:03:43,600 --> 00:03:47,120 Speaker 1: were only room for one thousand, one hundred seventy six 58 00:03:47,240 --> 00:03:52,120 Speaker 1: passengers in the lifeboats. They didn't have enough lifeboats for 59 00:03:52,160 --> 00:03:57,320 Speaker 1: the entire crew and passenger list. Uh and it's you know, 60 00:03:57,360 --> 00:04:02,240 Speaker 1: it's it's certainly one of the most famous tragedies to 61 00:04:02,640 --> 00:04:05,320 Speaker 1: happen in the travel industry. It's one of those things 62 00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:09,040 Speaker 1: that is legendary, really, and the legend has just grown 63 00:04:09,240 --> 00:04:13,040 Speaker 1: over the years since the sinking. A little bit other 64 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:15,680 Speaker 1: more information about the people who died, just something that 65 00:04:15,680 --> 00:04:19,800 Speaker 1: I thought was kind of interesting and tragic. So h 66 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:24,240 Speaker 1: there were three hundred and twenty nine first class passengers 67 00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:29,760 Speaker 1: on the Titanic. On three of them died. That's thirty 68 00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:32,760 Speaker 1: seven percent of the actually all of them are dead now, 69 00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:36,360 Speaker 1: but at the time, seven percent of the first class 70 00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:43,520 Speaker 1: passengers died. Third class passengers there were uh seven and 71 00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:48,280 Speaker 1: ten of them. Five hundred and twenty seven of them 72 00:04:48,400 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: died in the sinking of the Titanic, which is about 73 00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:58,760 Speaker 1: seventy four of them, So thirty seven percent first class passengers. 74 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:03,160 Speaker 1: Third class passengers wished in the sinking, which is led 75 00:05:03,160 --> 00:05:05,520 Speaker 1: to quite a bit of discussion about how the third 76 00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 1: class passengers were treated and uh and how preferential treatment 77 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:12,760 Speaker 1: was given to first class passengers. Uh and there are 78 00:05:12,760 --> 00:05:18,880 Speaker 1: plenty of conflicting reports about crew members actually restraining third 79 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:22,279 Speaker 1: class passengers from getting to the lifeboats until all the 80 00:05:22,279 --> 00:05:25,040 Speaker 1: first class passengers were taken care of, or as many 81 00:05:25,080 --> 00:05:30,400 Speaker 1: as possible. So lots of different reasons why this tragedy 82 00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:32,640 Speaker 1: has lived on in our minds. But we wanted to 83 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:36,240 Speaker 1: talk a little bit about the technology aboard the Titanic, 84 00:05:36,760 --> 00:05:39,400 Speaker 1: the development of the Titanic, and also some technology that 85 00:05:39,520 --> 00:05:42,919 Speaker 1: was developed as a result of the or at least 86 00:05:43,480 --> 00:05:47,719 Speaker 1: pushed forward as a result of the Titanic sinking. Uh. 87 00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:50,760 Speaker 1: I would say that the Titanic is the story. The 88 00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:53,960 Speaker 1: Titanic is intertwined with technology. Yes, I mean it was 89 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:58,000 Speaker 1: that the ship was supposedly cutting edge. It had been 90 00:05:58,800 --> 00:06:03,919 Speaker 1: theoretically designed to prevent something like this from happening. Um, 91 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:05,760 Speaker 1: and uh, you know, it had a lot of high 92 00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:10,120 Speaker 1: tech equipment on board. Um it also uh you know, 93 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:15,040 Speaker 1: it's it's it's equipment had some success. I would say 94 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:17,120 Speaker 1: that some of the systems did exactly what they were 95 00:06:17,120 --> 00:06:20,120 Speaker 1: supposed to. They performed very very well, and other systems 96 00:06:20,640 --> 00:06:26,159 Speaker 1: failed terribly, leading to uh, ultimately to more passengers dying. 97 00:06:26,680 --> 00:06:28,840 Speaker 1: And um, you know there are things like the number 98 00:06:28,880 --> 00:06:33,200 Speaker 1: of lifeboats, which are not necessarily technological issues that were 99 00:06:33,839 --> 00:06:35,719 Speaker 1: you know, that were problems, and of course they were 100 00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:39,400 Speaker 1: problems but we wanted to focus specifically on the technologies 101 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:43,120 Speaker 1: because um, at the time the ship was designed to be, 102 00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:45,640 Speaker 1: you know, top of the line, and in fact it 103 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:48,760 Speaker 1: was I believe the larger ship uh that had been 104 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:51,679 Speaker 1: built for pat you know, for cruises at that time. 105 00:06:51,880 --> 00:06:55,039 Speaker 1: And its sister ships because there were two other the 106 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:58,320 Speaker 1: Gigantic and the Britannic. No, not the Britannic, which was 107 00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:02,000 Speaker 1: originally called the Britannic. It was the Olympic Olympia maybe 108 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: was the Olympia but not yeah, so the but but 109 00:07:06,400 --> 00:07:08,920 Speaker 1: those three ships. What happened was back in nineteen o 110 00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:14,440 Speaker 1: seven there was a dinner meeting between J. Bruce Ismay, 111 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:18,120 Speaker 1: who was the son of Thomas Isnay Ismay, who is 112 00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:22,920 Speaker 1: the founder of the White Star Line ocean liner company. 113 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:26,600 Speaker 1: So these this was a company that was managing and 114 00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:29,920 Speaker 1: maintaining these huge ocean liners, which was the way to 115 00:07:29,960 --> 00:07:33,120 Speaker 1: travel back then if you're going to go overseas. But 116 00:07:33,240 --> 00:07:37,000 Speaker 1: the problem was that or perhaps the opportunity, I should say, 117 00:07:37,000 --> 00:07:40,559 Speaker 1: the opportunity was there to create luxury liners that would 118 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:46,000 Speaker 1: improve passenger comfort and the ideas by providing this these comforts, 119 00:07:46,360 --> 00:07:48,480 Speaker 1: more people would want to travel and you would have 120 00:07:48,480 --> 00:07:52,280 Speaker 1: a much more successful business because the liners previously we're 121 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:55,800 Speaker 1: pretty plain. You know, it just was it was just 122 00:07:55,880 --> 00:07:59,560 Speaker 1: a you would get a very plain lodgings and you 123 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:02,160 Speaker 1: would be on board the ship for days and days 124 00:08:02,720 --> 00:08:07,040 Speaker 1: trying to cross oceans, and it wasn't terribly luxurious or comfortable. 125 00:08:07,320 --> 00:08:09,480 Speaker 1: So the idea was, let's let's change that. Let's make 126 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:13,160 Speaker 1: these luxury liners that can can cater to the comfort 127 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:18,000 Speaker 1: of passengers, and so uh he had a Ismael had 128 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:21,720 Speaker 1: a dinner with a fellow named Lord Peery, and Lord 129 00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:25,560 Speaker 1: Peery was the chairman of Harland and Wolf shipbuilders, and 130 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:28,280 Speaker 1: the two of them started talking about a couple of 131 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:32,080 Speaker 1: liners that had recently launched, the Mauritania and the Lusitania, 132 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:36,160 Speaker 1: and both of these ships were larger, larger than any 133 00:08:36,480 --> 00:08:40,240 Speaker 1: previous ones at that point, and were known for their 134 00:08:40,800 --> 00:08:45,400 Speaker 1: their amenities, and so Ismael was thinking, we could do that. 135 00:08:45,520 --> 00:08:48,880 Speaker 1: Why don't we design some ships that can even put 136 00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:53,400 Speaker 1: these behind and and make these seem primitive in comparison. 137 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:56,479 Speaker 1: And the Titanic was one of the three ships designed 138 00:08:56,559 --> 00:08:58,800 Speaker 1: to do such a thing, and it was at the 139 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:02,080 Speaker 1: time one of the yeah, one of the largest vessels 140 00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:04,640 Speaker 1: on the ocean. It was two and a half feet 141 00:09:04,760 --> 00:09:10,600 Speaker 1: long two or so almost two sixty ninety two point 142 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:14,040 Speaker 1: five ft wide, which is about twenty eight ms, and 143 00:09:14,080 --> 00:09:18,800 Speaker 1: it weighed about forty five thousand tons, so big ship, 144 00:09:18,920 --> 00:09:22,680 Speaker 1: which meant a couple of things. It meant one that 145 00:09:23,240 --> 00:09:27,920 Speaker 1: maneuvering such a ship was challenging because it was so large. 146 00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:29,439 Speaker 1: That was not the kind of ship that's going to 147 00:09:29,520 --> 00:09:31,920 Speaker 1: stop on a dime or turn in a very tight 148 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:36,000 Speaker 1: radius in order to chin a quarter an order dollar 149 00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:38,720 Speaker 1: in order to change the course of this ship and 150 00:09:38,800 --> 00:09:42,560 Speaker 1: to change its its speed required quite a bit of leeway, 151 00:09:42,640 --> 00:09:45,960 Speaker 1: which was one of the big problems that the Titanic 152 00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:50,480 Speaker 1: encountered when it had its famous tragedy on a few 153 00:09:50,520 --> 00:09:55,400 Speaker 1: days later after it launched. So that was one of 154 00:09:55,520 --> 00:09:58,360 Speaker 1: the main things about it was just its sheer size. 155 00:09:58,760 --> 00:10:04,680 Speaker 1: It had these enormous turbines that were operated off of 156 00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:09,960 Speaker 1: the exhausting that the There was these reciprocating engines aboard 157 00:10:10,040 --> 00:10:14,360 Speaker 1: the Titanic, two of them that would create steam there. 158 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:18,959 Speaker 1: The engines themselves were almost forty ft tall, and uh 159 00:10:19,160 --> 00:10:22,760 Speaker 1: the steam would power these turbines that would turn these 160 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:27,000 Speaker 1: uh three blade propellers that were twenty three and a 161 00:10:27,080 --> 00:10:29,800 Speaker 1: half feet in diameter. It's about seven meters or so. 162 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:34,800 Speaker 1: And uh, there was also a four blade propeller that 163 00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:37,440 Speaker 1: was seventeen ft in diameter or about five meters, that 164 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:41,319 Speaker 1: was located near the ship's rudder, which helped the Titanic 165 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:45,600 Speaker 1: attain speeds close to twenty four knots. So you've got 166 00:10:45,640 --> 00:10:49,280 Speaker 1: this massive ship and this huge engine and these big 167 00:10:49,960 --> 00:10:53,760 Speaker 1: turbines and propellers to help move it through the water. 168 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:59,959 Speaker 1: And yes, it did not maneuver um nimbly, right new 169 00:11:00,080 --> 00:11:05,760 Speaker 1: BLI nimbly. It was not a nimble type of vessel. 170 00:11:06,280 --> 00:11:10,000 Speaker 1: Was It was very impressive, but not designed to, you know, 171 00:11:10,080 --> 00:11:16,240 Speaker 1: do slalomn courses unless they were miles wide. Yeah. And 172 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:21,120 Speaker 1: and this is when technology plays a part two. Um, 173 00:11:21,160 --> 00:11:25,760 Speaker 1: should we talk about the probably the most famous uh 174 00:11:25,880 --> 00:11:30,560 Speaker 1: technological system. Uh. I've got a couple of ideas of 175 00:11:30,559 --> 00:11:32,160 Speaker 1: what you could be talking about. Are you talking about 176 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:39,000 Speaker 1: Marconi's invention? I was talking about Bill Marconi's invention. Bill, Yes, 177 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:45,760 Speaker 1: Phil Marconi? Alright, fine, So Billy, Uh, where'd you get 178 00:11:45,800 --> 00:11:50,720 Speaker 1: Bill from? I'd go with Gil Marconi. Yeah. Anyway, Marconi 179 00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:55,040 Speaker 1: of course famous for um not inventing the radio, because 180 00:11:55,040 --> 00:11:58,840 Speaker 1: Tesla did that. But if you've heard he is famous 181 00:11:58,880 --> 00:12:01,200 Speaker 1: for inventing the radios, he was for inventing the radio. 182 00:12:01,240 --> 00:12:03,480 Speaker 1: But there are plenty of people who argued that Tesla 183 00:12:03,520 --> 00:12:06,319 Speaker 1: did actually invented the radio. That was me poking fun 184 00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:11,920 Speaker 1: at Marconi. Uh, but Mark, he certainly, he certainly made 185 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:17,600 Speaker 1: the radio a practical invention as opposed to just a curiosity. Well, 186 00:12:17,720 --> 00:12:21,199 Speaker 1: Marconi's thing was radio. Tesla was, you know, sort of 187 00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:22,880 Speaker 1: busy with all kinds of different things. Yeah, he was. 188 00:12:22,920 --> 00:12:26,680 Speaker 1: He was a little less focused, but um, he did 189 00:12:26,720 --> 00:12:30,000 Speaker 1: patent radio and then Marconi got the patent overturned. Anyway, 190 00:12:30,040 --> 00:12:32,160 Speaker 1: that's a different story we've talked about before in this podcast. 191 00:12:32,200 --> 00:12:36,199 Speaker 1: So Marconi has this radio system that ships were starting 192 00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:39,520 Speaker 1: to use at the time the Titanic launched. There were 193 00:12:39,520 --> 00:12:42,720 Speaker 1: several ships that had radio systems, but they were still 194 00:12:42,800 --> 00:12:48,600 Speaker 1: relatively new and uh they could only really transmit radio 195 00:12:48,640 --> 00:12:51,320 Speaker 1: waves and short little bursts, so they were perfect for 196 00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:55,000 Speaker 1: things like Morse code, but they were not designed for 197 00:12:55,280 --> 00:13:00,520 Speaker 1: voice transmission, right, So uh, it was it was a 198 00:13:00,520 --> 00:13:03,200 Speaker 1: spark transmitter, right. You had to have you had to 199 00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:06,160 Speaker 1: have operators on board your ship who would be able 200 00:13:06,320 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: to to take messages, convert them to Morse code and 201 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:13,760 Speaker 1: send them in as well as receive messages. And the 202 00:13:13,800 --> 00:13:17,880 Speaker 1: Titanic had two operators, which was unusual for a lot 203 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:20,520 Speaker 1: of ships. Many ships only had the one, and in fact, 204 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:24,760 Speaker 1: it was fairly common practice aboard these ships for you know, 205 00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:27,920 Speaker 1: at certain times a night, the operator would turn in, 206 00:13:28,400 --> 00:13:30,480 Speaker 1: like they would be the end of the operator shift, 207 00:13:30,480 --> 00:13:32,240 Speaker 1: and they'd go to bed and there'd be no one 208 00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:35,920 Speaker 1: manning the radio at that time. That will prove to 209 00:13:35,920 --> 00:13:39,880 Speaker 1: be important. So there were the two who were aboard 210 00:13:39,880 --> 00:13:45,400 Speaker 1: the Titanic were Harold Bride who survived the ordeal, and 211 00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:48,640 Speaker 1: Jack Phillips who went down with the ship UH and 212 00:13:48,720 --> 00:13:53,160 Speaker 1: these two men were in charge of manning this radio 213 00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:56,760 Speaker 1: and um monitoring messages that were coming in and sending 214 00:13:56,760 --> 00:13:59,720 Speaker 1: messages that were going out. One of the problems that 215 00:14:00,080 --> 00:14:05,880 Speaker 1: happened that that helped contribute to this tragedy. A lot 216 00:14:05,880 --> 00:14:09,600 Speaker 1: of people talk about how the Titanic received several reports, 217 00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:13,200 Speaker 1: at least four reports from four different ships about ice 218 00:14:13,320 --> 00:14:16,360 Speaker 1: in the area directly ahead of where the Titanic was 219 00:14:16,360 --> 00:14:20,640 Speaker 1: was going, and that if the Titanic had heated these reports, 220 00:14:20,680 --> 00:14:23,440 Speaker 1: perhaps they could have either altered the course or changed 221 00:14:23,480 --> 00:14:27,520 Speaker 1: the speed, and maybe tragedy could have been averted. But 222 00:14:27,760 --> 00:14:31,560 Speaker 1: here's the issue, back here, back at this time where 223 00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:37,000 Speaker 1: people are using these these you know, these transmitters. Uh, 224 00:14:37,120 --> 00:14:39,800 Speaker 1: it all depended on how powerful your transmitter was, whether 225 00:14:39,880 --> 00:14:41,880 Speaker 1: or not you would pick something up. You could overpower 226 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:46,360 Speaker 1: someone else's transmitter because everyone's just essentially broadcasting full blast. 227 00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:49,680 Speaker 1: There's no there's no fine tuning at this point. It's 228 00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:52,680 Speaker 1: either on or it's off. And there were a lot 229 00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:55,680 Speaker 1: of people who wanted to send messages out from the 230 00:14:55,720 --> 00:14:58,000 Speaker 1: Titanic because it was a very novel thing to do, 231 00:14:58,440 --> 00:15:00,320 Speaker 1: and there were a lot of people on the shores 232 00:15:00,400 --> 00:15:02,720 Speaker 1: of the United States who wanted to send messages to 233 00:15:02,920 --> 00:15:06,400 Speaker 1: the people aboard the Titanic. So the operators were constantly 234 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:10,240 Speaker 1: busy sending out messages. And in fact, at one point 235 00:15:11,320 --> 00:15:14,560 Speaker 1: a message came in from from I think it was 236 00:15:14,600 --> 00:15:19,360 Speaker 1: the California, Yes, the r MS Californian, Californian and it's 237 00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:23,680 Speaker 1: just about eleven pm, and uh, I won't bother trying 238 00:15:23,720 --> 00:15:26,920 Speaker 1: to affect a my poor version of the British accent, 239 00:15:27,320 --> 00:15:29,240 Speaker 1: but it says, say, old man, we are stopped and 240 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:34,560 Speaker 1: surrounded by ice and uh sailed then about let's stopped 241 00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:37,120 Speaker 1: it surrounded by ice. See now now you've got the 242 00:15:37,560 --> 00:15:42,080 Speaker 1: both that and the early early twentieth century movie I'm 243 00:15:42,120 --> 00:15:45,600 Speaker 1: talking way too fast. It's a dirigible competition. Um. And 244 00:15:45,680 --> 00:15:51,600 Speaker 1: about ten minutes later, um, the telegraph operator on Titanic 245 00:15:51,800 --> 00:15:54,600 Speaker 1: and this just gets me and it probably will YouTube 246 00:15:55,160 --> 00:15:59,520 Speaker 1: when you hear it. The Titanic sends back, keep out, 247 00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:02,360 Speaker 1: shut up, shut up, I am busy. I'm working Cape Race, 248 00:16:02,480 --> 00:16:06,720 Speaker 1: which is on the coast of Canada. Yes, So what 249 00:16:06,760 --> 00:16:10,360 Speaker 1: was going on was that the the operator aboard the 250 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:15,920 Speaker 1: Titanic was communicating with Cape Race and sending personal messages exactly. 251 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:17,520 Speaker 1: It was all these messages that were coming in and 252 00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:21,440 Speaker 1: going out from past two and from passengers on the 253 00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:27,120 Speaker 1: Titanic and folks on the shore. So the problem here 254 00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:29,360 Speaker 1: is that for an operator to be able to hear 255 00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:32,400 Speaker 1: these messages. Now these, depending on the power of the transmitter, 256 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:36,760 Speaker 1: these radio messages could go a really long distance, like 257 00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:40,400 Speaker 1: the Titanic could broadcast five miles in the daytime and 258 00:16:40,440 --> 00:16:43,440 Speaker 1: two thousand miles at night. And we've talked about this, 259 00:16:43,560 --> 00:16:47,240 Speaker 1: how using shortwave radio you can bounce radio waves off 260 00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:49,640 Speaker 1: the ionosphere and make it go further. We talked about 261 00:16:49,640 --> 00:16:54,160 Speaker 1: that in our numbers station podcasts. Remember, well that works 262 00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:58,560 Speaker 1: best at night. Um, the during the daytime, the ionosphere 263 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:01,000 Speaker 1: just it behaves differently than it does at night. So 264 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:04,160 Speaker 1: at night the Titanic could broadcast these messages much further. 265 00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:08,040 Speaker 1: And uh. The problem is that in order to listen 266 00:17:08,440 --> 00:17:13,119 Speaker 1: in for incoming messages, you had to listen very carefully. Well, 267 00:17:13,160 --> 00:17:18,120 Speaker 1: if another ship nearby was broadcasting, then that broadcast would 268 00:17:18,160 --> 00:17:21,720 Speaker 1: overpower any incoming messages from the shore. Because the shore 269 00:17:21,760 --> 00:17:24,800 Speaker 1: is much further away, the signals weaker, so the signal 270 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:28,119 Speaker 1: from a nearby ship would be much louder. So the 271 00:17:28,160 --> 00:17:31,280 Speaker 1: shut up, shut up part is really the operators saying, 272 00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:34,639 Speaker 1: I have to turn my sense, the sensitivity of this 273 00:17:34,680 --> 00:17:36,520 Speaker 1: all the way up so I could pick up messages. 274 00:17:36,560 --> 00:17:38,639 Speaker 1: So when you talk, it's like someone shouting with a 275 00:17:38,680 --> 00:17:42,280 Speaker 1: bullhorn right next to my ear. So please shut up, 276 00:17:42,280 --> 00:17:44,719 Speaker 1: because I'm trying to listen to these messages. Now, if 277 00:17:44,760 --> 00:17:47,800 Speaker 1: they had actually heated that warning, send that up to 278 00:17:47,840 --> 00:17:50,600 Speaker 1: the bridge. Now that According to some reports, the bridge 279 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:53,159 Speaker 1: did receive a couple of different reports about ice, but 280 00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:55,720 Speaker 1: not all of them. So, like I think most of 281 00:17:55,720 --> 00:17:59,040 Speaker 1: the reports I read suggests that two of the reports 282 00:17:59,040 --> 00:18:02,720 Speaker 1: that came in never to the bridge, and although based 283 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:06,000 Speaker 1: upon the way that everything turned out, maybe it wouldn't 284 00:18:05,920 --> 00:18:09,000 Speaker 1: have mattered anyway, because it seemed like a lot of 285 00:18:09,040 --> 00:18:12,280 Speaker 1: the crew were fairly confident that, you know, they could 286 00:18:12,440 --> 00:18:15,800 Speaker 1: maneuver through the ice without any problem, which as we 287 00:18:16,359 --> 00:18:21,040 Speaker 1: see it's not the case. Um. But yeah, at least 288 00:18:21,040 --> 00:18:26,600 Speaker 1: half of the messages did not get to the bridge anyway. So, Uh. 289 00:18:27,640 --> 00:18:30,159 Speaker 1: The radio was very much day of the art at 290 00:18:30,160 --> 00:18:32,880 Speaker 1: the time. However, it was still so primitive. The fact 291 00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:35,439 Speaker 1: that you couldn't just switch a channel and have a 292 00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:37,840 Speaker 1: dedicated channel so that you didn't have to worry about 293 00:18:37,880 --> 00:18:42,240 Speaker 1: overwriting someone else's messages, that was a problem. And uh, 294 00:18:42,400 --> 00:18:44,320 Speaker 1: and the fact that it was since it was such 295 00:18:44,359 --> 00:18:46,560 Speaker 1: a novelty and everyone wanted to use it to communicate, 296 00:18:46,680 --> 00:18:48,719 Speaker 1: was a problem because it meant that the operator couldn't 297 00:18:48,760 --> 00:18:53,840 Speaker 1: actually concentrate on really important information coming in. Another problem 298 00:18:53,880 --> 00:18:56,719 Speaker 1: with the radio being being so early is that they 299 00:18:56,760 --> 00:19:02,840 Speaker 1: had different UM different designation for I AM in trouble. Yeah, 300 00:19:03,359 --> 00:19:08,200 Speaker 1: now officially UM, the one that we're probably most familiar 301 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:14,760 Speaker 1: with UM s OS had actually been adopted mostly had 302 00:19:14,800 --> 00:19:17,840 Speaker 1: been adopted by the German Navy. Well, German navy did 303 00:19:17,880 --> 00:19:21,520 Speaker 1: that first, they did, um, well, the Marconi company first, 304 00:19:21,680 --> 00:19:26,280 Speaker 1: uh set up c q D as it's uh, it's 305 00:19:26,320 --> 00:19:29,720 Speaker 1: as as it's distressed call, which is why I not 306 00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:31,800 Speaker 1: say that any better, it's what And that's what the 307 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:35,720 Speaker 1: Titanic was using c q D. Yeah, and basically that 308 00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:41,160 Speaker 1: that's actually a homophonic French um for c Q being 309 00:19:41,359 --> 00:19:46,760 Speaker 1: st SAKU which is short for security A basically meaning um, 310 00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:51,080 Speaker 1: you know, help and be being for distress. So basically 311 00:19:51,080 --> 00:19:55,960 Speaker 1: saying hey, I need help, I'm in distress. Um. Now, Germany, 312 00:19:56,520 --> 00:19:59,480 Speaker 1: that was in February one, now a little bit more 313 00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:02,800 Speaker 1: than a year later, in April onet En five, Uh, 314 00:20:02,920 --> 00:20:04,840 Speaker 1: Germany said no, we're going to go with s O 315 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:08,280 Speaker 1: S three dots, three dashes, three dots. It's easy to say, 316 00:20:08,359 --> 00:20:10,879 Speaker 1: it's very easy to transmit, and it's very easy to 317 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:15,840 Speaker 1: inderstand um. And they had saved other ships. In June tenth, 318 00:20:15,920 --> 00:20:18,880 Speaker 1: nineteen nine, the Slavonia used s O S. Yeah, that's 319 00:20:18,880 --> 00:20:21,680 Speaker 1: what s S stands for it save other ships. No, 320 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:24,080 Speaker 1: actually it doesn't stand for anything. A lot of people 321 00:20:24,119 --> 00:20:26,879 Speaker 1: think it stands for save our ship. Now the and 322 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:29,120 Speaker 1: the reason is just as Chris said, it's because the 323 00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:32,760 Speaker 1: Morse code for it is UH is very easy to 324 00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:36,040 Speaker 1: transmit and detect. That's the only reason s OS is 325 00:20:36,160 --> 00:20:39,879 Speaker 1: used as a as an alert is because once you 326 00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:42,760 Speaker 1: hear it, you know, did it? It did? Did it? 327 00:20:43,160 --> 00:20:45,560 Speaker 1: Once you hear that, you got it. Yeah, it's pretty 328 00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:47,760 Speaker 1: it's pretty simple, and I think uh a lot of 329 00:20:47,840 --> 00:20:50,479 Speaker 1: people now know exactly what it means. As a matter 330 00:20:50,480 --> 00:20:52,440 Speaker 1: of fact, somebody had it for their ringtone on their 331 00:20:52,440 --> 00:20:56,400 Speaker 1: phone somewhere and I'm going to somebody actually, I mean, 332 00:20:56,800 --> 00:21:01,040 Speaker 1: is someone in distress? Yeah? How many how many movies? 333 00:21:01,119 --> 00:21:04,320 Speaker 1: Has somebody been captured and you know, locked in some 334 00:21:04,359 --> 00:21:07,040 Speaker 1: cellar thing and they start like hammering on a pipe. 335 00:21:07,080 --> 00:21:11,199 Speaker 1: Some pull out their keys and they just start tapping 336 00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:14,000 Speaker 1: against the pipe. And then mcgiver realizes that he's got 337 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:16,200 Speaker 1: a bottle cap, some bubblegum and a knife and he 338 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:18,399 Speaker 1: can turn that into a nuclear reaction. If only had 339 00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:20,400 Speaker 1: a duct tape, he could have made a tongue machine man. 340 00:21:20,560 --> 00:21:23,720 Speaker 1: That would have been great anyway. Yeah, So the problem 341 00:21:23,760 --> 00:21:27,639 Speaker 1: here is that with the different the different UH codes 342 00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:31,600 Speaker 1: for distress, not all ships understood what the Titanic was 343 00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:34,040 Speaker 1: sending out. Once the Titanic did start sending out the 344 00:21:34,080 --> 00:21:38,320 Speaker 1: stress signals, some of the nearby ships didn't know to respond, 345 00:21:38,359 --> 00:21:41,480 Speaker 1: and it wasn't until later in the night when they 346 00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:45,600 Speaker 1: started to the the operators decided to actually include s 347 00:21:45,640 --> 00:21:50,640 Speaker 1: OS as well as CQD and um there, I actually 348 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:52,679 Speaker 1: have a list of some of the messages that were 349 00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:55,360 Speaker 1: sent out. I I do as well. Um, yeah, so 350 00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:58,760 Speaker 1: there's one at twelve fifteen am. Actually, before we do that, 351 00:21:58,800 --> 00:22:00,879 Speaker 1: I should go through really quickly and just do a 352 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:05,120 Speaker 1: quick time of events, like what happened when, because then 353 00:22:05,160 --> 00:22:07,919 Speaker 1: that will give some context to these messages. So it 354 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:12,600 Speaker 1: was an eleven thirty five pm on April that they 355 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:15,080 Speaker 1: spotted the iceberg, where it was about a quarter of 356 00:22:15,080 --> 00:22:17,960 Speaker 1: a mile ahead. Unfortunately, they would have needed at least 357 00:22:17,960 --> 00:22:22,560 Speaker 1: half It was the fourteen Oh, you're right, you're right right, 358 00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:24,720 Speaker 1: the fifteenth this when it actually sunk. Fourteenth was when 359 00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:28,680 Speaker 1: it struck. I'm sorry, April fourt uh, Chris is completely right. 360 00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:32,760 Speaker 1: So April fourteen pm is when they spot the iceberg. 361 00:22:32,800 --> 00:22:34,639 Speaker 1: It's a quarter mile ahead. No, Unfortunately, they would have 362 00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:37,760 Speaker 1: needed a half mile to actually stop the ship or 363 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:40,280 Speaker 1: move around it. So the best they could do is 364 00:22:40,560 --> 00:22:43,120 Speaker 1: kind of skirt the edge of the iceberg. But here's 365 00:22:43,119 --> 00:22:45,480 Speaker 1: the thing about icebergs. The part you see up on 366 00:22:45,600 --> 00:22:49,480 Speaker 1: top is just a tiny fraction of the iceberg. There's 367 00:22:49,520 --> 00:22:53,800 Speaker 1: a whole lot of iceberg underneath the waters the waterline, 368 00:22:54,640 --> 00:22:57,520 Speaker 1: and uh, the problem was that part of this underwater 369 00:22:57,760 --> 00:23:01,280 Speaker 1: section of the iceberg jutted out and the and it's 370 00:23:01,280 --> 00:23:03,879 Speaker 1: scraped the side of the Titanic. It actually made six 371 00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:07,119 Speaker 1: gashes in the Titanics hall, which and we'll talk about 372 00:23:07,119 --> 00:23:10,119 Speaker 1: why that happened to It wasn't a head on collision, no, no, 373 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:13,080 Speaker 1: it hit It hit just one side of the Titanic, 374 00:23:13,119 --> 00:23:15,560 Speaker 1: but that was enough to to cause it the problem. 375 00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:19,879 Speaker 1: So so they spot the iceberg eleven forties so just 376 00:23:20,040 --> 00:23:25,360 Speaker 1: five minutes later, that's when the Titanic scrapes against the iceberg. Uh. 377 00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:29,440 Speaker 1: And then by midnight, the watertight compartments, of which there 378 00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:33,520 Speaker 1: were sixteen in the within the Titanic, they start to 379 00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:36,359 Speaker 1: fill up. Now six of them, five or six, depending 380 00:23:36,359 --> 00:23:40,320 Speaker 1: on who you asked. We're filling up with water. Originally, 381 00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:45,400 Speaker 1: the shipbuilders said that the Titanic would be perfectly fine 382 00:23:45,800 --> 00:23:48,560 Speaker 1: if three of those water tight compartments flooded, it would 383 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:50,920 Speaker 1: still be able to sail as if there were no problems, 384 00:23:51,160 --> 00:23:54,159 Speaker 1: and it could continue with four of them flooded, but 385 00:23:54,200 --> 00:23:56,960 Speaker 1: it would have some problems. But with five or six flooded, 386 00:23:57,000 --> 00:23:58,920 Speaker 1: it was just a matter of time before the Titanic 387 00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:01,920 Speaker 1: would sink. And I'll go into more about that and 388 00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:04,479 Speaker 1: a little bit too. So at one twenty in the morning, 389 00:24:05,359 --> 00:24:09,879 Speaker 1: the bow of the of the Titanic begins to pitch 390 00:24:10,040 --> 00:24:13,359 Speaker 1: into the water. So the weight from the water coming 391 00:24:13,359 --> 00:24:18,600 Speaker 1: into those water tight containment areas is making the ship tilt, 392 00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:23,679 Speaker 1: and that's actually causing more problems with flooding. Then at 393 00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:27,680 Speaker 1: two am, the bottle starts to submerge and the propellers 394 00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:30,760 Speaker 1: actually lift out of the water because of the weight 395 00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:32,480 Speaker 1: from the water in the in the bow end of 396 00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:37,800 Speaker 1: the ship wouldn't be the screws just okay, technically yes. 397 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:41,000 Speaker 1: At to ten, the Titanic starts to tilt about forty 398 00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:45,440 Speaker 1: five degrees and the steel structure that underlies the ship 399 00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:48,439 Speaker 1: starts to give way because the weight of the the 400 00:24:48,560 --> 00:24:50,600 Speaker 1: end lifted out of the water is too much for it. 401 00:24:51,080 --> 00:24:54,119 Speaker 1: At to twelve, the stern raises up out of the 402 00:24:54,119 --> 00:24:56,560 Speaker 1: water and the bow completely fills with the water and 403 00:24:56,560 --> 00:25:00,720 Speaker 1: starts to grow heavier. At to eighteen, the bow rips loose, 404 00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:04,080 Speaker 1: so the bow starts to sink into the ocean. The 405 00:25:04,119 --> 00:25:09,400 Speaker 1: stern meanwhile rises up almost completely vertical because it has 406 00:25:09,720 --> 00:25:13,120 Speaker 1: lots of air still within it. So the stern is 407 00:25:13,119 --> 00:25:15,400 Speaker 1: is free of the bow. The bow is now sinking 408 00:25:15,400 --> 00:25:20,680 Speaker 1: into the ocean. Um and then the stern starts to sink. 409 00:25:20,720 --> 00:25:24,359 Speaker 1: At to twenty in the morning and to twenty nine, uh, 410 00:25:24,520 --> 00:25:27,360 Speaker 1: the bow hits the ocean floor. At to fifty six, 411 00:25:27,880 --> 00:25:30,720 Speaker 1: the stern hits the ocean floor, and the stern is 412 00:25:30,760 --> 00:25:33,480 Speaker 1: in really bad shape because it had so much air 413 00:25:33,520 --> 00:25:36,480 Speaker 1: inside of it while it was sinking. Uh, there were 414 00:25:36,560 --> 00:25:41,240 Speaker 1: implosions within the ship itself because the pressure that was 415 00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:44,760 Speaker 1: building up just ended up. The pressure from outside the 416 00:25:44,800 --> 00:25:47,720 Speaker 1: ship and the air pressure inside the ship created this 417 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:52,400 Speaker 1: situation where because it wasn't truly flooded like the bow was, um, 418 00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:54,879 Speaker 1: you had these implosions. And which is why if you 419 00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:57,840 Speaker 1: ever see any of the documentaries where there are sub 420 00:25:57,920 --> 00:26:02,400 Speaker 1: marines that are exploring the show, the stern looks destroyed. 421 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:05,639 Speaker 1: The bow looks almost preserved, and the stern does not. 422 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:10,119 Speaker 1: And that's why so with that in mind, looking at 423 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:13,879 Speaker 1: some of the messages that were sent out, so at 424 00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:18,359 Speaker 1: forty you have the the collision. At twelve fifteen in 425 00:26:18,359 --> 00:26:22,399 Speaker 1: the morning on April fift because we've just passed midnight, 426 00:26:23,480 --> 00:26:26,080 Speaker 1: the Titanic sends out a message to any ship, says 427 00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:31,080 Speaker 1: c q D Titanic and gives the coordinates. And then 428 00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:35,760 Speaker 1: at twelve seventeen, just two minutes later, that's when they 429 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:38,399 Speaker 1: write c q D c q D s O S. 430 00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:41,840 Speaker 1: Titanic gives the position, require media assistance. Come at once. 431 00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:46,719 Speaker 1: We struck an iceberg sinking. Um. And at twelve twenty 432 00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:50,840 Speaker 1: a m. They message, specifically to the Carpathia. Yeah. They 433 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:55,600 Speaker 1: A couple of ships responded, uh, pretty much right away, Um, 434 00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:59,639 Speaker 1: the Frankfurt UH and the Olympic, the sister ship of 435 00:26:59,760 --> 00:27:06,240 Speaker 1: the UH Titanic. Um. We we're quite a distance away, unfortunately. Um. 436 00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:08,600 Speaker 1: The Frankfort was about a hundred seventy miles or so 437 00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:11,160 Speaker 1: away and the Olympic was almost five hundred miles away. 438 00:27:11,160 --> 00:27:14,240 Speaker 1: But here again, this high tech transmitter that the Marconi 439 00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:17,479 Speaker 1: Company had on their they were able to there were 440 00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:19,359 Speaker 1: a lot of ships that were aware of what was 441 00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:21,639 Speaker 1: going on. Now, whether or not they could make it 442 00:27:21,680 --> 00:27:25,359 Speaker 1: there in time to save people. Thankfully, the Carpathio was 443 00:27:25,520 --> 00:27:30,199 Speaker 1: somewhat close, although the Californian was the closest. Here's the 444 00:27:30,240 --> 00:27:33,440 Speaker 1: issue is that after the Californian operator received the message 445 00:27:33,480 --> 00:27:38,120 Speaker 1: saying shut up, the Californian operator just started, it's time 446 00:27:38,160 --> 00:27:40,080 Speaker 1: to go to bed. I'm not paid enough to put 447 00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:43,359 Speaker 1: up with this, and they and closed down shop and 448 00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:45,040 Speaker 1: went to bed. And that's like we said, that was 449 00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:48,399 Speaker 1: that was regular practice on board ships that after you 450 00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:52,320 Speaker 1: each the end of your shift, you you closed down, 451 00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:54,879 Speaker 1: you turned off the radio, and you caught some sleep. 452 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:57,520 Speaker 1: So that's exactly what the operator of the Californian did. 453 00:27:57,600 --> 00:28:01,320 Speaker 1: If the operator had stayed on in the Californian could 454 00:28:01,320 --> 00:28:05,119 Speaker 1: have responded much more quickly potentially anyway than the Carpathia 455 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:08,040 Speaker 1: did and probably would have saved some of you know, 456 00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:10,200 Speaker 1: some of the some of the people who died would 457 00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:13,639 Speaker 1: have likely have been rescued had had the Californian been 458 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:17,399 Speaker 1: able to respond in time. However, you know, I think, well, 459 00:28:17,520 --> 00:28:19,159 Speaker 1: never mind that that was one of the things that 460 00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:22,280 Speaker 1: kind of got me, you know, sort of a gut 461 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:26,120 Speaker 1: wrenching feeling when the operator told them to shut up. Yeah, 462 00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:30,359 Speaker 1: the twelve help. Twelve twenty five in the morning, the 463 00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:33,159 Speaker 1: Carpathias sends a message to the Titanic saying, shall I 464 00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:36,720 Speaker 1: tell my captain do require assistance? And a minute later 465 00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:40,880 Speaker 1: Titanic response with yes, come quick. And then at twelve 466 00:28:40,880 --> 00:28:44,720 Speaker 1: thirty two, so six minutes after that, the Carpathia messages 467 00:28:44,760 --> 00:28:47,440 Speaker 1: putting about and heading for you. So at that point 468 00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:50,560 Speaker 1: the Carpathia does start to make its way towards the Titanic. 469 00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:57,360 Speaker 1: Um and uh. And the messages continued from the the 470 00:28:57,400 --> 00:29:01,080 Speaker 1: Titanic and and they get pretty it's pretty rough s 471 00:29:01,120 --> 00:29:03,840 Speaker 1: os Titanic sinking by the head we are about all 472 00:29:03,920 --> 00:29:08,120 Speaker 1: down sinking. It was at twelve forty in the morning. Um. 473 00:29:08,160 --> 00:29:12,680 Speaker 1: And then that uh. They kept sending messages is as 474 00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:15,560 Speaker 1: fast as they could, yea, hoping that somebody else might 475 00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:18,160 Speaker 1: be close enough and they might tune in and uh 476 00:29:18,200 --> 00:29:20,880 Speaker 1: and come help, which is why they kept on switching 477 00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:25,120 Speaker 1: between c q D and S O S and uh. Yeah. 478 00:29:25,240 --> 00:29:28,440 Speaker 1: It it continued all the way up to the ship 479 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:32,960 Speaker 1: actually sinking. I mean the last see if I've got 480 00:29:32,960 --> 00:29:35,160 Speaker 1: the very last message here, I think the very last 481 00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:41,600 Speaker 1: one is right at around between between two fifteen am 482 00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:44,120 Speaker 1: and two am, so this is right about when the 483 00:29:44,120 --> 00:29:47,680 Speaker 1: ship itself was going under um and it said that 484 00:29:47,760 --> 00:29:50,160 Speaker 1: the last message was s O S s O S 485 00:29:50,280 --> 00:29:53,040 Speaker 1: c q D c q D Titanic. We are sinking fast. 486 00:29:53,040 --> 00:29:56,520 Speaker 1: Passengers are being put into boats Titanic and that was 487 00:29:56,560 --> 00:30:00,680 Speaker 1: the last message. And as I said, Bride Um escaped. 488 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:03,840 Speaker 1: He he survived, but Phillips went down with the ship. 489 00:30:03,920 --> 00:30:08,760 Speaker 1: He was supposedly signaling all the way up until the 490 00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:11,320 Speaker 1: very end. Uh. And in fact, I read one report 491 00:30:11,360 --> 00:30:15,120 Speaker 1: that said that Brian had said when he came in 492 00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:17,200 Speaker 1: to check on Phillips to try and tell him to leave, 493 00:30:17,880 --> 00:30:21,640 Speaker 1: Phillips was still there sending out messages frantically and listening 494 00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:25,320 Speaker 1: for messages while another passenger or a crew member was 495 00:30:25,320 --> 00:30:31,440 Speaker 1: trying to remove phillips life vest, and that Phillips was 496 00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:34,400 Speaker 1: just letting it happened because he was stuck, you know, 497 00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:38,320 Speaker 1: staying at his post, which shows a level of dedication 498 00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:42,200 Speaker 1: that that I think borders on the fanatic um. And 499 00:30:42,320 --> 00:30:44,960 Speaker 1: it also is interesting in that I remember I read 500 00:30:45,240 --> 00:30:49,080 Speaker 1: an interview with a guy who specifically said that in 501 00:30:49,120 --> 00:30:52,880 Speaker 1: this day Phillips and Bride could be considered the computer nerds. 502 00:30:53,560 --> 00:30:56,040 Speaker 1: Of of that era, Like, these were guys who were 503 00:30:56,120 --> 00:30:59,320 Speaker 1: absolutely obsessed with radio and they loved it and they 504 00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:01,760 Speaker 1: lived it, and that this was just something that they 505 00:31:01,800 --> 00:31:07,440 Speaker 1: found engrossing and fascinating and that kind of I can 506 00:31:07,520 --> 00:31:11,000 Speaker 1: kind of understand that. I've I've met some computer nerds, 507 00:31:11,440 --> 00:31:14,960 Speaker 1: and I say that term with all affection, who I 508 00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:17,000 Speaker 1: think you would have to use a crowbar to separate 509 00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:20,000 Speaker 1: them from their computer. So it's a very similar situation. 510 00:31:21,360 --> 00:31:24,200 Speaker 1: Let's let's talk a bit about some of the reasons 511 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:27,880 Speaker 1: why the Titanic did sink. The damage to the hull 512 00:31:28,680 --> 00:31:33,720 Speaker 1: UM didn't look as severe as what you might imagine something, 513 00:31:33,960 --> 00:31:37,000 Speaker 1: you know, like a hole being large enough to sink 514 00:31:37,080 --> 00:31:39,880 Speaker 1: a ship like the Titanic. But part of the problem 515 00:31:39,880 --> 00:31:42,440 Speaker 1: is that these gashes that hit along the side of 516 00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:45,640 Speaker 1: the hull, some of them were quite long and and 517 00:31:46,440 --> 00:31:50,120 Speaker 1: bridged more than one watertight compartment. Yeah, and there were 518 00:31:50,160 --> 00:31:53,000 Speaker 1: there were a lot of things going on here. Um. 519 00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:57,400 Speaker 1: Part of a good bit of it was apparently human error, 520 00:31:57,680 --> 00:32:01,840 Speaker 1: I mean not just in in um making mistakes like uh, 521 00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:08,239 Speaker 1: you know, mistakes not ignoring the messages, um, not you know, 522 00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:12,440 Speaker 1: over confidence in the ship's ability to take on an iceberg. 523 00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:16,520 Speaker 1: But but also you know the way they um from 524 00:32:16,520 --> 00:32:19,160 Speaker 1: what I understand, they left some of the watertight compartments open, 525 00:32:19,760 --> 00:32:23,000 Speaker 1: which allowed water to pass from one another. And you know, 526 00:32:23,040 --> 00:32:28,000 Speaker 1: there were apparently some mistakes in constructing the ship to um. 527 00:32:28,400 --> 00:32:32,800 Speaker 1: The steel apparently was particularly brittle. Yeah, there's um. And 528 00:32:32,880 --> 00:32:35,200 Speaker 1: of course I'm sure that the cold water didn't help anything. 529 00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:37,400 Speaker 1: That's actually yeah, that's actually a real problem with the 530 00:32:38,400 --> 00:32:46,440 Speaker 1: So the steel was semi killed low carbon steel and 531 00:32:46,520 --> 00:32:51,880 Speaker 1: the carbon the process, the process of of making the steel, uh, 532 00:32:52,120 --> 00:32:56,720 Speaker 1: introduced some sulfur into the mix. And steel with a 533 00:32:56,800 --> 00:33:01,520 Speaker 1: high sulfur content that is put to low temperatures and 534 00:33:01,680 --> 00:33:05,720 Speaker 1: experiences a high velocity impact tends to be brittle. Now, 535 00:33:05,760 --> 00:33:09,440 Speaker 1: normally the way steel would react if you had created, 536 00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:13,840 Speaker 1: you know, a very strong steel mix, Uh, it would 537 00:33:13,920 --> 00:33:17,640 Speaker 1: normally deform. So it bends, right. So, I mean, we've 538 00:33:17,680 --> 00:33:22,000 Speaker 1: all seen steel that's been dented. So every time I 539 00:33:22,080 --> 00:33:24,000 Speaker 1: go shopping and look at the cars in the parking lot, 540 00:33:24,080 --> 00:33:26,320 Speaker 1: there you go, so there and that's just the ones 541 00:33:26,360 --> 00:33:30,160 Speaker 1: that he he hits. Um. The uh, Yeah, the steel 542 00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,400 Speaker 1: tends to bend. It deforms first before it breaks. Now, 543 00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:36,280 Speaker 1: when it's brittle, it'll break rather than deform, and so 544 00:33:36,400 --> 00:33:39,280 Speaker 1: the uh that's a bad thing. You know, if the 545 00:33:39,400 --> 00:33:42,680 Speaker 1: deforms that can it can hold on to its integrity 546 00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:44,320 Speaker 1: a little bit better than it could if it just 547 00:33:44,400 --> 00:33:47,760 Speaker 1: shears away. So there are plenty of pictures online where 548 00:33:47,760 --> 00:33:51,160 Speaker 1: you can see steel bars that were um to have 549 00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:54,640 Speaker 1: high sulfur content versus ones that don't, that are subjected 550 00:33:54,720 --> 00:33:58,800 Speaker 1: to uh to temperatures that the Titanic would have been 551 00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:02,520 Speaker 1: subjected to at that time, and hit with a high 552 00:34:02,560 --> 00:34:07,680 Speaker 1: velocity weight and regular steel bends and the steel that 553 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:12,720 Speaker 1: was the same sort of uh of composite as that 554 00:34:12,719 --> 00:34:15,560 Speaker 1: that that was used in the Titanic breaks in half 555 00:34:15,640 --> 00:34:18,719 Speaker 1: like there's no there's no bending, it just it just shatters. 556 00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:20,640 Speaker 1: So that was part of the problem, was that the 557 00:34:20,680 --> 00:34:23,919 Speaker 1: steel just shattered rather than bent in and so water 558 00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:27,360 Speaker 1: was able to come in uh without problem. Another issue 559 00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:30,560 Speaker 1: was that these watertight compartments they had watertight doors that 560 00:34:30,640 --> 00:34:34,280 Speaker 1: could drop automatically or manually, and they did seal those. 561 00:34:34,320 --> 00:34:38,160 Speaker 1: But the issue there is that the watertight compartments only 562 00:34:38,200 --> 00:34:41,920 Speaker 1: went so far up. They went above where the waterline is. 563 00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:45,560 Speaker 1: All right, so you've got the water line on the ship. 564 00:34:45,920 --> 00:34:50,080 Speaker 1: Anything that's above that water line, the walls stopped, so 565 00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:55,360 Speaker 1: there was a gap there in these quote unquote watertight compartments. Well, 566 00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:58,560 Speaker 1: when these six compartments or five or six compartments started 567 00:34:58,560 --> 00:35:01,640 Speaker 1: to take on water, it made the ship start to 568 00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:04,600 Speaker 1: lift and started to to move to one side. As 569 00:35:04,640 --> 00:35:06,799 Speaker 1: we mentioned earlier, the bowt was starting to go under. 570 00:35:07,480 --> 00:35:11,240 Speaker 1: And once that happened, uh, the water started to make 571 00:35:11,360 --> 00:35:15,280 Speaker 1: the ship tilt, and as it was tilting, the water 572 00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:19,480 Speaker 1: could flow over parts of these these uh, these walls, 573 00:35:20,080 --> 00:35:23,120 Speaker 1: because that the ship was no longer upright, So that 574 00:35:23,160 --> 00:35:26,400 Speaker 1: meant that water could start spreading into other unaffected water 575 00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:32,479 Speaker 1: tight compartments quote unquote watertight compartments. Uh, because the since 576 00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:35,080 Speaker 1: the walls didn't go all the way up, so you 577 00:35:35,120 --> 00:35:39,160 Speaker 1: had water rushing into otherwise safe compartments, and it just 578 00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:42,560 Speaker 1: made the problem worse. In fact, I've seen some reports 579 00:35:42,560 --> 00:35:45,520 Speaker 1: that suggest that perhaps if the Titanic didn't have all 580 00:35:45,520 --> 00:35:49,720 Speaker 1: those watertight compartments uh, and instead the water was free 581 00:35:49,760 --> 00:35:55,040 Speaker 1: to just flow across the entire underwater surface of the boat, 582 00:35:55,600 --> 00:35:57,719 Speaker 1: the ship still would have sunk, but it would have 583 00:35:57,760 --> 00:36:01,719 Speaker 1: sunk in a in a less a more controlled, more 584 00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:04,320 Speaker 1: controlled manner would have taken more. It would have taken longer, 585 00:36:04,480 --> 00:36:06,839 Speaker 1: so rescue ships would have had more time to get there, 586 00:36:06,840 --> 00:36:12,440 Speaker 1: perhaps rescuing many more people. And it wouldn't have necessarily 587 00:36:12,760 --> 00:36:16,719 Speaker 1: pitched over and broken in half like it actually did, 588 00:36:16,840 --> 00:36:19,800 Speaker 1: so it would have just just started to lose buoyancy 589 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:23,200 Speaker 1: and continue to sink, which would have been much better 590 00:36:23,280 --> 00:36:27,279 Speaker 1: news for everyone involved, obviously. Um So, so part of 591 00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:30,080 Speaker 1: the issue we have here is a system that was 592 00:36:30,120 --> 00:36:36,280 Speaker 1: designed to help prevent sinking actually contributing to sinking potentially. Anyway, 593 00:36:36,320 --> 00:36:39,600 Speaker 1: this is all based upon a lot of after the 594 00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:46,799 Speaker 1: fact supposition, right um, and then you know there the 595 00:36:46,920 --> 00:36:49,360 Speaker 1: other issues involved are the fact that they didn't have 596 00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:52,480 Speaker 1: enough lifeboats aboard, and part of that was that the 597 00:36:52,880 --> 00:36:56,239 Speaker 1: ship was so new that there wasn't a designation for 598 00:36:56,320 --> 00:36:59,520 Speaker 1: how many lifeboats it should have. Uh, most reports I 599 00:36:59,560 --> 00:37:04,400 Speaker 1: say say that I had sixteen lifeboats aboard, that there 600 00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:06,560 Speaker 1: were actually more than that, but that the sixteen lifeboats 601 00:37:06,560 --> 00:37:08,920 Speaker 1: were the ones that were ready to go because uh, 602 00:37:09,040 --> 00:37:12,120 Speaker 1: they were supposed to have two rows of these lifeboats, 603 00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:16,239 Speaker 1: but one row was removed for aesthetic reasons. So well, 604 00:37:16,320 --> 00:37:19,120 Speaker 1: I mean it was hey, you know, it was unsinkable 605 00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:21,560 Speaker 1: right there, wasn't any reason to have lifeboats. Well, yeah, 606 00:37:21,640 --> 00:37:26,279 Speaker 1: and UH, the sixteen lifeboats were UM. That was that 607 00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:29,240 Speaker 1: was the bare minimum for a ship of ten thousand 608 00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:33,799 Speaker 1: tons and as dictated by by an authorization council. But 609 00:37:34,120 --> 00:37:37,879 Speaker 1: the problem was that the Titanic was larger than that. 610 00:37:38,280 --> 00:37:42,880 Speaker 1: But the the the regulations hadn't caught up to the innovation. 611 00:37:43,680 --> 00:37:45,800 Speaker 1: The ten thousand tons was as big as it got 612 00:37:45,880 --> 00:37:49,759 Speaker 1: in the regulations, so there was no uh, there was 613 00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:52,440 Speaker 1: no correcting for the fact that Titanic was actually larger 614 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:55,640 Speaker 1: than what the top level was in these regulations, so 615 00:37:55,680 --> 00:37:58,680 Speaker 1: it had the bare minimum UM. So that was also 616 00:37:58,719 --> 00:38:02,880 Speaker 1: another issue. There were pretty much everything that could go wrong. 617 00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:05,319 Speaker 1: I guess not everything that could go wrong did go 618 00:38:05,320 --> 00:38:08,560 Speaker 1: wrong because people did survive, which is good. Yeah, and 619 00:38:08,560 --> 00:38:11,879 Speaker 1: that that radio system kept on going UM as long 620 00:38:11,920 --> 00:38:16,400 Speaker 1: as the telegraph operators were able to power it UM. 621 00:38:16,440 --> 00:38:19,400 Speaker 1: But that was the department one. The problem that once 622 00:38:19,719 --> 00:38:23,399 Speaker 1: the water began flooding UM the areas of the ship 623 00:38:23,480 --> 00:38:28,080 Speaker 1: that provided power the turbines UM, then the UH system 624 00:38:28,160 --> 00:38:31,560 Speaker 1: started losing power. The signal was much less effective. And 625 00:38:31,600 --> 00:38:34,760 Speaker 1: you UM, there are reports two of of communications between 626 00:38:34,800 --> 00:38:37,640 Speaker 1: other ships where they're explaining you know, hey, this is 627 00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:40,160 Speaker 1: what's going on. The Titanics going down. We need to 628 00:38:40,160 --> 00:38:43,080 Speaker 1: get over there. Who needs help? You know, Messages back 629 00:38:43,120 --> 00:38:46,319 Speaker 1: and forth to explain, and you start to get in 630 00:38:46,360 --> 00:38:49,799 Speaker 1: the early hours of the fifteen, you start to see 631 00:38:49,800 --> 00:38:51,920 Speaker 1: things like, well, we haven't heard from them since you 632 00:38:51,960 --> 00:38:53,680 Speaker 1: know such and such time. We haven't heard from them 633 00:38:53,680 --> 00:38:55,560 Speaker 1: since midnight. We haven't heard from them, even though they 634 00:38:55,600 --> 00:38:58,360 Speaker 1: broadcast since then the power was going down. Their signal 635 00:38:58,840 --> 00:39:03,600 Speaker 1: uh strength was waning. Um until that the power went out. 636 00:39:04,080 --> 00:39:09,200 Speaker 1: So um. You know they that system worked very very well. UM. 637 00:39:09,239 --> 00:39:13,680 Speaker 1: But of course after uh, you know, this tragedy, they 638 00:39:13,719 --> 00:39:17,640 Speaker 1: started trying to find ways to prevent it from happening again. Um. 639 00:39:17,719 --> 00:39:22,400 Speaker 1: In nineteen twelve, July five, UM, the International Radio Telegraph Convention, 640 00:39:22,440 --> 00:39:25,279 Speaker 1: and they had they had confirmed s OS as the 641 00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:28,960 Speaker 1: distress call, roughly about the time the Germans had. But again, 642 00:39:29,120 --> 00:39:32,520 Speaker 1: you know, not everyone had adopted it. Um. And you 643 00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:35,920 Speaker 1: know obviously that the Titanics operators knew about it, but 644 00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:39,360 Speaker 1: they were sticking with the Marconi c QD. Yeah, they 645 00:39:39,600 --> 00:39:42,600 Speaker 1: alternate back and forth, going for whatever would help. But 646 00:39:42,680 --> 00:39:46,040 Speaker 1: they yeah, they signed uh the order in London on 647 00:39:46,239 --> 00:39:51,880 Speaker 1: July UH again, formally adopting s OS as the International 648 00:39:51,960 --> 00:39:55,880 Speaker 1: Maritime Distress Signal UM, which was supposed to take effect 649 00:39:55,920 --> 00:39:59,960 Speaker 1: in nineteen thirteen UM. The United States had their own 650 00:40:00,160 --> 00:40:05,359 Speaker 1: Radio Act that was pasted in August UM, and they 651 00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:09,600 Speaker 1: basically started. Countries began working together to prevent another tragedy 652 00:40:09,680 --> 00:40:13,200 Speaker 1: like this. They convened an International Convention for the Safety 653 00:40:13,239 --> 00:40:18,360 Speaker 1: of Life at Sea UM designed to agree on standards 654 00:40:18,360 --> 00:40:21,080 Speaker 1: to use. They started using may Day as the spoken 655 00:40:21,080 --> 00:40:26,280 Speaker 1: distress call once radio communications were given by voice over radio, 656 00:40:26,360 --> 00:40:31,560 Speaker 1: and on November and they started using filler Hurts as 657 00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:35,320 Speaker 1: the new frequency, so its a dedicated frequency for distress signals, 658 00:40:35,320 --> 00:40:38,960 Speaker 1: which again this helps out substantially because you can send 659 00:40:39,480 --> 00:40:42,319 Speaker 1: person to person. You know, hey, having a lovely time. 660 00:40:42,360 --> 00:40:46,360 Speaker 1: Hey look at the iceberg. Yeah exactly. You can have 661 00:40:46,440 --> 00:40:51,960 Speaker 1: that is capital capital and then you know, hey, I 662 00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:56,320 Speaker 1: need help may Day ont um. They began to change 663 00:40:56,320 --> 00:40:59,080 Speaker 1: that as time went on, too, but they would you know, 664 00:40:59,120 --> 00:41:07,520 Speaker 1: the Titanic really galvanized UM Maritime UM distress procedures much 665 00:41:07,560 --> 00:41:09,759 Speaker 1: more than they had been before. It was all it 666 00:41:09,840 --> 00:41:13,080 Speaker 1: was a new technology in these days, and so they said, 667 00:41:13,120 --> 00:41:14,960 Speaker 1: you know, hey, we can use this to our advantage. 668 00:41:15,040 --> 00:41:19,040 Speaker 1: Let's agree on something we can all you know, use together. 669 00:41:19,120 --> 00:41:23,759 Speaker 1: And eventually by by night regulations were in place that 670 00:41:23,840 --> 00:41:28,000 Speaker 1: required ships exceeding six hundred tons they must have a 671 00:41:28,000 --> 00:41:31,799 Speaker 1: wireless apparatus on them. And part of that was so 672 00:41:31,840 --> 00:41:35,120 Speaker 1: that they could respond to distress calls, not just be 673 00:41:35,200 --> 00:41:37,839 Speaker 1: able to make them, but respond to them or relay them, 674 00:41:38,400 --> 00:41:42,279 Speaker 1: because again, depending upon the ship's position and UM and 675 00:41:42,400 --> 00:41:46,520 Speaker 1: it's and its own ability to transmit uh, those those 676 00:41:46,520 --> 00:41:51,799 Speaker 1: signals might not go to the best now the potential rescuers. 677 00:41:52,520 --> 00:41:55,239 Speaker 1: So yeah, and then you had ships also employing more 678 00:41:55,360 --> 00:41:59,200 Speaker 1: operators so that they could have a continual a continual 679 00:41:59,360 --> 00:42:02,959 Speaker 1: shift of operators so that you didn't have times when 680 00:42:03,600 --> 00:42:07,040 Speaker 1: the station was unmanned. That and you didn't have the 681 00:42:07,600 --> 00:42:11,719 Speaker 1: likelihood that your telegraph operators are worn out. Um. It 682 00:42:11,760 --> 00:42:14,239 Speaker 1: was suggested in one of the passages I read that 683 00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:18,200 Speaker 1: the Titanics radio to radio operators were so busy sending 684 00:42:18,200 --> 00:42:23,160 Speaker 1: personal messages that um, by the time the accident happened 685 00:42:23,480 --> 00:42:27,680 Speaker 1: and they hit the iceberg, that they were both pretty 686 00:42:27,680 --> 00:42:32,160 Speaker 1: worn out. And and frankly that might have been part 687 00:42:32,160 --> 00:42:35,600 Speaker 1: of the reason behind the shut up, because he was look, 688 00:42:35,640 --> 00:42:37,719 Speaker 1: I'm trying to send messages. Here, get out of my way. 689 00:42:37,800 --> 00:42:39,200 Speaker 1: I gotta do this so I can go to bed. 690 00:42:39,400 --> 00:42:42,920 Speaker 1: Definitely that might have played a part. And we also 691 00:42:42,960 --> 00:42:46,200 Speaker 1: saw developments and things like sonar. Actually sonar was in 692 00:42:46,200 --> 00:42:49,000 Speaker 1: the experimental stages when the Titanic launch. It did exist, 693 00:42:49,040 --> 00:42:51,440 Speaker 1: but the Titanic wasn't equipped but with it, nor did 694 00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:54,359 Speaker 1: it have radar which probably could have I assume could 695 00:42:54,360 --> 00:42:56,920 Speaker 1: have it, or at least these days can detect the 696 00:42:56,960 --> 00:43:02,320 Speaker 1: top of an iceberg. So so those those innovations began, 697 00:43:02,840 --> 00:43:05,359 Speaker 1: there was a lot more focus put towards them in 698 00:43:05,480 --> 00:43:09,719 Speaker 1: order to employ them in things like cruise travel and 699 00:43:09,800 --> 00:43:13,400 Speaker 1: just travel in general, so that ships could be much 700 00:43:13,480 --> 00:43:16,600 Speaker 1: more safe. Um, it wouldn't be until the nineteen seventies, 701 00:43:16,600 --> 00:43:19,799 Speaker 1: the late nineteen seventies that we would develop a technology 702 00:43:19,880 --> 00:43:24,239 Speaker 1: sufficient to let us actually explore. For the Titanic, we 703 00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:27,400 Speaker 1: knew generally where it went down, but there it was 704 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:30,480 Speaker 1: in very deep water t feet if I remember correctly, 705 00:43:31,440 --> 00:43:34,640 Speaker 1: pretty pretty deep. Yeah, So it wasn't until the late 706 00:43:34,680 --> 00:43:38,400 Speaker 1: nineteen seventies that that people began to develop the technology 707 00:43:38,440 --> 00:43:41,240 Speaker 1: that would be capable of diving down to that depth 708 00:43:41,320 --> 00:43:45,680 Speaker 1: and getting information. One of the first was a Texas 709 00:43:45,680 --> 00:43:50,360 Speaker 1: oil magnate named Jack Grimm, and Grim really poured a 710 00:43:50,360 --> 00:43:54,160 Speaker 1: whole lot of money into launching some expeditions to try 711 00:43:54,239 --> 00:44:00,000 Speaker 1: and find the Titanic in nineteen nine eight three. Uh. 712 00:44:00,080 --> 00:44:04,120 Speaker 1: But because of some bad weather, some equipment problems, and 713 00:44:04,440 --> 00:44:07,120 Speaker 1: just you know, trying to find these two pieces of 714 00:44:07,160 --> 00:44:10,760 Speaker 1: a giant ship and an enormous ocean, they were unsuccessful. 715 00:44:10,960 --> 00:44:12,799 Speaker 1: It wouldn't be until a few years later. It was 716 00:44:12,840 --> 00:44:17,640 Speaker 1: on September one that the very first video image of 717 00:44:17,680 --> 00:44:21,840 Speaker 1: the Titanic was captured um by and by a submarine. 718 00:44:22,560 --> 00:44:28,839 Speaker 1: And uh. Since then, we have had several expeditions down 719 00:44:28,880 --> 00:44:32,399 Speaker 1: to the Titanic, some of which have retrieved things from 720 00:44:32,440 --> 00:44:35,279 Speaker 1: the Titanic and brought them back up. A lot of 721 00:44:35,280 --> 00:44:39,960 Speaker 1: different pictures were taken um and uh. And in fact, 722 00:44:40,160 --> 00:44:43,239 Speaker 1: James Cameron, and of course the director of the documentary 723 00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:50,680 Speaker 1: Titanic ended up. You should clarify that Jomes Cameron, the doctor, 724 00:44:50,760 --> 00:44:53,799 Speaker 1: the director of a film called Titanic, which was not 725 00:44:53,840 --> 00:44:58,040 Speaker 1: a documentary, also did a documentary about the Titanic. Um 726 00:44:59,080 --> 00:45:01,200 Speaker 1: he captured a lot of Yeah, I know, that's why 727 00:45:01,200 --> 00:45:04,120 Speaker 1: I didn't went ahead and I broke my joke for 728 00:45:04,160 --> 00:45:08,120 Speaker 1: the purposes of this one podcast. Um. Yes, so he 729 00:45:08,640 --> 00:45:11,440 Speaker 1: actually did do quite a bit of this research. He 730 00:45:11,520 --> 00:45:14,880 Speaker 1: was involved in it pretty heavily. And um and of 731 00:45:14,920 --> 00:45:18,880 Speaker 1: course Cameron has continued his fascination with the deep sea. 732 00:45:19,000 --> 00:45:22,040 Speaker 1: He's since gone down deeper than any other person in 733 00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:26,000 Speaker 1: the world. Uh. It's pretty darn fascinating down the trenches, 734 00:45:26,400 --> 00:45:29,840 Speaker 1: down the trench. Yeah really so yeah, I mean, this 735 00:45:30,080 --> 00:45:34,560 Speaker 1: was it's a story that still fascinates today a hundred 736 00:45:34,640 --> 00:45:37,280 Speaker 1: years later. And if if you're ever in a city 737 00:45:37,320 --> 00:45:43,240 Speaker 1: that has a Titanic museum exhibition, there was a traveling 738 00:45:43,280 --> 00:45:46,200 Speaker 1: one a few years ago that was going from one 739 00:45:46,280 --> 00:45:48,560 Speaker 1: museum to the next. I've actually seen it a couple 740 00:45:48,560 --> 00:45:52,360 Speaker 1: of times. And uh, and it is really interesting to 741 00:45:52,480 --> 00:45:55,400 Speaker 1: kind of get a look at what not just the 742 00:45:55,960 --> 00:45:58,360 Speaker 1: problems that the Titanic face, but what life was actually 743 00:45:58,440 --> 00:46:01,040 Speaker 1: like aboard the ship, what the first class passengers, what 744 00:46:01,120 --> 00:46:04,640 Speaker 1: their experience was as opposed to the third class passengers 745 00:46:04,680 --> 00:46:09,360 Speaker 1: down in steerage, the differences. Nine day, they had Turkish 746 00:46:09,480 --> 00:46:13,200 Speaker 1: baths on board the Titanic. It was an amazing vessel. 747 00:46:13,320 --> 00:46:16,480 Speaker 1: It was phenomenal and and uh and meanwhile they have 748 00:46:16,520 --> 00:46:19,239 Speaker 1: Turkish baths for the first class passengers. They had two 749 00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:26,040 Speaker 1: bathtubs for steerage. UM. Just to go into the technology 750 00:46:26,160 --> 00:46:29,600 Speaker 1: developments to UH, A lot of what they developed in 751 00:46:29,640 --> 00:46:33,600 Speaker 1: the early and mid twentieth century in the in the 752 00:46:33,640 --> 00:46:36,279 Speaker 1: follow up to the Titanic disaster stayed in place for 753 00:46:36,320 --> 00:46:39,279 Speaker 1: a long time. The mid seventies saw the beginning of 754 00:46:39,320 --> 00:46:46,120 Speaker 1: a telecommunion communications network specifically designed for UH sea vessels 755 00:46:46,120 --> 00:46:49,520 Speaker 1: sea going vessels UM satellite network called in Mar sat 756 00:46:50,120 --> 00:46:53,319 Speaker 1: UM and UH. As a matter of fact, the first 757 00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:58,800 Speaker 1: satellites started working in UM and they started changing the 758 00:46:59,600 --> 00:47:04,200 Speaker 1: frequent season now point five to five mega hurts UM. 759 00:47:04,239 --> 00:47:08,240 Speaker 1: And there is a satellite emergency position beacon that works 760 00:47:08,280 --> 00:47:11,480 Speaker 1: at four hundred six mega hurts or one point six 761 00:47:11,560 --> 00:47:15,120 Speaker 1: giga hurts. Now, of course UM that was in effect 762 00:47:15,360 --> 00:47:20,520 Speaker 1: when the Costa Concordia hit a reef off off the 763 00:47:20,560 --> 00:47:24,759 Speaker 1: coast of Italy. UM that probably you're aware of, that 764 00:47:24,840 --> 00:47:29,840 Speaker 1: happened earlier the year. We're recording this on Janu UM. 765 00:47:29,880 --> 00:47:32,120 Speaker 1: And I think it kind of it's it's ironic for 766 00:47:32,160 --> 00:47:35,680 Speaker 1: two reasons. One, UM, it does sort of underscore the 767 00:47:35,719 --> 00:47:39,400 Speaker 1: fact that you know, these measures are still very very necessary. 768 00:47:39,480 --> 00:47:40,920 Speaker 1: And UH, you know the fact that it was a 769 00:47:41,040 --> 00:47:45,120 Speaker 1: very large um ocean liner with past you know, passenger 770 00:47:45,160 --> 00:47:49,759 Speaker 1: liner that uh ripped a big gash in the side 771 00:47:49,760 --> 00:47:52,400 Speaker 1: of the hull um traveling in this case not an 772 00:47:52,440 --> 00:47:56,440 Speaker 1: iceberg but rocks um and uh you know, they were 773 00:47:56,480 --> 00:48:00,480 Speaker 1: moving with emergency power. Thankfully most of the people got 774 00:48:00,480 --> 00:48:05,239 Speaker 1: off that ship. Okay, um, But apparently there were not 775 00:48:05,440 --> 00:48:08,440 Speaker 1: any distress calls sent through the Global Maritime Distress and 776 00:48:08,480 --> 00:48:11,920 Speaker 1: Safety System g m d S S to let to 777 00:48:12,040 --> 00:48:16,279 Speaker 1: let the Italian Coast Guard. Now, um, so that would 778 00:48:16,320 --> 00:48:22,719 Speaker 1: have probably helped. Yeah, yep, So I mean, obviously there's 779 00:48:22,760 --> 00:48:25,480 Speaker 1: some we could put as many systems as we like 780 00:48:25,600 --> 00:48:29,719 Speaker 1: in place. Unless people actually uh follow them and and 781 00:48:29,719 --> 00:48:33,399 Speaker 1: and and uh activate them, it doesn't really help. From 782 00:48:33,400 --> 00:48:36,520 Speaker 1: what I've read, it was passengers calling the coastguard on 783 00:48:36,560 --> 00:48:40,879 Speaker 1: their cell phones that let them know that something was awry. Yeah, 784 00:48:40,880 --> 00:48:44,480 Speaker 1: that's that's not good. Oh and um before this will 785 00:48:44,520 --> 00:48:47,439 Speaker 1: be a nice little way to finish this, okay. So 786 00:48:48,440 --> 00:48:53,640 Speaker 1: back in when the ship was was built, the cost 787 00:48:53,719 --> 00:48:58,200 Speaker 1: was roughout seven and a half million dollars, So today 788 00:48:59,080 --> 00:49:03,719 Speaker 1: that would cost undred and sixties seven million dollars. That 789 00:49:03,920 --> 00:49:06,719 Speaker 1: is quite a princely some It is a princely. Some 790 00:49:07,040 --> 00:49:09,680 Speaker 1: was also really expensive to uh to travel aboard it. 791 00:49:09,760 --> 00:49:12,440 Speaker 1: I remember that the first class ticket would be the 792 00:49:12,440 --> 00:49:16,960 Speaker 1: equivalent of around seventy grand and uh, you know a 793 00:49:16,960 --> 00:49:19,319 Speaker 1: lot of money to go across the ocean. Yes, it is. 794 00:49:19,480 --> 00:49:23,279 Speaker 1: And to think about, you know, I think to the 795 00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:27,480 Speaker 1: other reasons, um, you know for the Titanic going down 796 00:49:27,560 --> 00:49:30,960 Speaker 1: in history. Sorry, no pun intended. Um, I don't want 797 00:49:31,000 --> 00:49:33,160 Speaker 1: to make light of that. Uh that were you know, 798 00:49:33,239 --> 00:49:36,320 Speaker 1: the famous passengers who were on board, Uh, some of 799 00:49:36,360 --> 00:49:39,359 Speaker 1: whom died, some of whom didn't, or the people who 800 00:49:39,680 --> 00:49:42,080 Speaker 1: didn't go You hear about the famous people who didn't 801 00:49:42,120 --> 00:49:43,640 Speaker 1: make it, you know, people who went on to do 802 00:49:44,080 --> 00:49:47,040 Speaker 1: you know things that have gone down in history. Uh, 803 00:49:47,360 --> 00:49:50,480 Speaker 1: like would that have happened? Um? You know that's its 804 00:49:50,520 --> 00:49:53,600 Speaker 1: first voyage. The fact that it was supposed to be unsinkable. 805 00:49:54,120 --> 00:49:56,480 Speaker 1: You know, all these things tied together. But it certainly 806 00:49:56,520 --> 00:50:01,359 Speaker 1: sped at least two musicals, the Unsingable Molly Brown than Titanic. Yeah. 807 00:50:02,280 --> 00:50:05,120 Speaker 1: Um yeah, it's just catching a place in our imagination 808 00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:08,120 Speaker 1: and in our technology. So it's uh, you know, I 809 00:50:08,320 --> 00:50:11,000 Speaker 1: played an important part in our lives. Yep. So guys, 810 00:50:11,000 --> 00:50:15,279 Speaker 1: if you have any suggestions for future topics, perhaps the 811 00:50:15,480 --> 00:50:19,279 Speaker 1: things that happened in the past. Let us know, send 812 00:50:19,360 --> 00:50:22,200 Speaker 1: us an email. 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