1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,920 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:07,480 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey y'all, I'm Eves. Welcome to This Day 3 00:00:07,480 --> 00:00:10,360 Speaker 1: in History Class, a show where we one day ship 4 00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:13,520 Speaker 1: nuggets of history straight to your brain through your ear hole. 5 00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:27,000 Speaker 1: Today is February. The day was February eighteen seventy nine 6 00:00:28,040 --> 00:00:33,280 Speaker 1: Indian poet and activists Sarah Ginie Naidoo was born. Nido 7 00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:36,040 Speaker 1: was also the first Indian woman to be President of 8 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:39,879 Speaker 1: the Indian National Congress. Her poetry earned her the nickname 9 00:00:40,080 --> 00:00:44,720 Speaker 1: the Nightingale of India. Naidoo was born in Hyderabad, India. 10 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:47,479 Speaker 1: Her mother was a poet and her father was a 11 00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:51,919 Speaker 1: scientist and philosopher. She was the oldest of eight children, 12 00:00:52,280 --> 00:00:55,680 Speaker 1: and some of her siblings were activists and poets. Ni 13 00:00:55,680 --> 00:00:59,040 Speaker 1: Do spoke several languages and she began writing poetry at 14 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:04,040 Speaker 1: an early age. She began attending Madras University at age twelve. 15 00:01:05,280 --> 00:01:07,840 Speaker 1: Several years later, she moved to England to study at 16 00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:11,880 Speaker 1: King's College and Girton College. There, she became involved in 17 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:16,120 Speaker 1: the campaign for women's suffrage. When she returned to India 18 00:01:16,160 --> 00:01:19,440 Speaker 1: in eighteen ninety eight, she married a non Brahmin doctor, 19 00:01:19,959 --> 00:01:23,000 Speaker 1: though he was from a different cast The families approved 20 00:01:23,040 --> 00:01:27,199 Speaker 1: of the marriage. The couple eventually had several children together. 21 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:32,080 Speaker 1: Her first collection of poems, The Golden Threshold, was published 22 00:01:32,080 --> 00:01:36,480 Speaker 1: in nineteen o five. That same year, the British partitioned Bengal, 23 00:01:36,880 --> 00:01:41,160 Speaker 1: which separated the majority Muslim Eastern areas from the largely 24 00:01:41,240 --> 00:01:45,840 Speaker 1: Hindu western areas. Having gained an interest in politics through 25 00:01:45,880 --> 00:01:49,520 Speaker 1: her experiences in England, Naidu turned her attention to the 26 00:01:49,520 --> 00:01:54,880 Speaker 1: Indian National Congress and Gandhi's Non Cooperation Movement. The Indian 27 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:57,919 Speaker 1: National Congress is a political party that formed in eighteen 28 00:01:57,960 --> 00:02:00,560 Speaker 1: eighty five and was at the four front of the 29 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:05,400 Speaker 1: Indian independence movement. The Non Cooperation Movement was a non 30 00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:08,880 Speaker 1: violent effort to get the British government to grant self 31 00:02:08,919 --> 00:02:13,480 Speaker 1: governance to India. Naido joined the Indian National Congress in 32 00:02:13,560 --> 00:02:18,480 Speaker 1: nineteen o five. She traveled around India speaking about women's education, 33 00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:23,640 Speaker 1: helping impoverished people in nationalism. She met with social and 34 00:02:23,639 --> 00:02:30,560 Speaker 1: political leaders and artists like Gopol Christiana Goklikur and Sarahah Devidrani. 35 00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:36,000 Speaker 1: In nineteen seventeen, Naidoo helped found the Women's Indian Association 36 00:02:36,440 --> 00:02:40,680 Speaker 1: along with Annie Bessent, Margaret cousins and others. In the 37 00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:44,160 Speaker 1: following years, she continued to argue for women's suffrage and 38 00:02:44,360 --> 00:02:48,080 Speaker 1: speak out against issues like child marriage and sati when 39 00:02:48,160 --> 00:02:51,160 Speaker 1: Hindu widows would earn themselves to death on their deceased 40 00:02:51,280 --> 00:02:57,160 Speaker 1: husband's funeral. Pires Naido also joined Gandhi's Satya Graha movement, 41 00:02:57,600 --> 00:03:02,360 Speaker 1: one of non violent resistance. In nine she became the 42 00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:07,120 Speaker 1: first Indian woman to lead the Indian National Congress. Naidia 43 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:10,040 Speaker 1: was jailed a few times for her anti British activities, 44 00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:14,320 Speaker 1: including for manufacturing salt and for her involvement in the 45 00:03:14,400 --> 00:03:17,920 Speaker 1: Quit India movement, which advocated for an end to British 46 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:22,160 Speaker 1: rule in India. India gained independence from Britain in nineteen 47 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:25,920 Speaker 1: forty seven. That year, she became the first governor of 48 00:03:26,040 --> 00:03:31,080 Speaker 1: Uttar Pradesh, then called the United Provinces. Throughout her life, 49 00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:35,440 Speaker 1: Nadou continued to write poetry and incorporated it into her speeches. 50 00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:39,880 Speaker 1: Some of her other published poetry collections include The Bird 51 00:03:39,960 --> 00:03:43,560 Speaker 1: of Time and The Broken Wing. Some of her poems 52 00:03:43,560 --> 00:03:48,000 Speaker 1: were published posthumously. Her poetry is known for being lyrical, 53 00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:52,680 Speaker 1: with rich imagery, conveying messages of love, belonging, and separation. 54 00:03:53,640 --> 00:03:57,800 Speaker 1: She died in nineteen forty nine in Uttar Pradesh. I'm 55 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:00,000 Speaker 1: Eve Jeff Coote and hopefully you know a little more 56 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:03,640 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. 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