WEBVTT - How Mary the Jewess Helped Your Hollandaise 0:00:02.759 --> 0:00:06.400 Welcome to Criminalia, a production of Shonda Land Audio in 0:00:06.480 --> 0:00:16.200 partnership with I Heart Radio. If you've ever melted chocolate 0:00:16.440 --> 0:00:19.400 or had a glass of whiskey, or if you've ever 0:00:19.480 --> 0:00:22.639 used purple paint, you can thank our guest today, a 0:00:22.720 --> 0:00:26.000 woman considered to be the mother of Western alchemy. Welcome 0:00:26.000 --> 0:00:30.800 to Criminalia. I'm Maria Marquis and I'm Holly Fry. Quote 0:00:31.000 --> 0:00:34.400 one becomes too, two becomes three, and out of the 0:00:34.479 --> 0:00:38.080 third comes the one as the fourth. That is the 0:00:38.159 --> 0:00:42.400 most famous axiom attributed to Marry the Jewess, who it said, 0:00:42.800 --> 0:00:46.120 is the first known alchemist of the Western world. She 0:00:46.400 --> 0:00:49.640 is known to have invented processes and apparatus that went 0:00:49.640 --> 0:00:52.200 on to be used for centuries, both in and out 0:00:52.200 --> 0:00:55.600 of the scientific community. In fact, one of them, as 0:00:55.640 --> 0:00:58.560 Maria hinted at, you may have used in your home kitchen. 0:00:59.360 --> 0:01:02.920 Mary lived some time during the first through maybe the 0:01:03.080 --> 0:01:05.720 third century CE, which is a pretty wide delta, But 0:01:05.880 --> 0:01:07.520 I mean, what can you do when your timeline is 0:01:07.600 --> 0:01:11.200 roughly two thousand years ago. She lived in Egypt, and 0:01:11.280 --> 0:01:13.240 at the time of Mary's life, the region was a 0:01:13.280 --> 0:01:17.760 province of the Roman Empire. Alchemy can be described as 0:01:17.840 --> 0:01:22.440 a combination of ancient chemical science and speculative philosophy. We've 0:01:22.480 --> 0:01:25.640 been talking about it all season, and those who practiced 0:01:25.680 --> 0:01:29.600 it had a few goals in mind. The popular image 0:01:29.600 --> 0:01:32.840 of an alchemist was an individual who wanted to transmute 0:01:32.880 --> 0:01:36.360 base metals into silver or gold, and of course, as 0:01:36.360 --> 0:01:40.920 we've discussed, they also wanted to discover the key to immortality. 0:01:41.120 --> 0:01:44.640 Perhaps in your imagination there is a cauldron or maybe 0:01:44.680 --> 0:01:49.480 a room full of glass vials and overflowing bookshelves, and 0:01:49.640 --> 0:01:53.080 for some alchemists that we've talked about, that could be accurate. 0:01:53.480 --> 0:01:55.840 What we know is that along the way, many made 0:01:55.880 --> 0:02:00.600 some significant contributions to science. For example, among many other things, 0:02:00.680 --> 0:02:04.200 alchemy gave us a better understanding of metallurgy and how 0:02:04.240 --> 0:02:07.960 to extract metals from ores. It also gave us things 0:02:08.000 --> 0:02:11.760 like European porcelain, and it laid out the basis for 0:02:11.800 --> 0:02:16.240 the science of toxicology. Really, alchemy laid the groundwork for 0:02:16.320 --> 0:02:19.640 modern day chemistry and medicine. But let's go into reverse 0:02:19.680 --> 0:02:23.600 for just a moment. Alchemy came to the West. It 0:02:23.720 --> 0:02:27.560 wasn't started in the West. In China. There is a 0:02:27.680 --> 0:02:31.160 long history, and I mean thousands of years of Daoist monks, 0:02:31.240 --> 0:02:34.520 using alchemy to focus on the external world as well 0:02:34.560 --> 0:02:37.960 as the inner force of the body. Indian alchemists were 0:02:38.000 --> 0:02:41.280 focused on transmuting gold and prolonging life, long before the 0:02:41.280 --> 0:02:45.519 Western world knew anything about these sorts of practices. It's 0:02:45.560 --> 0:02:50.480 believed that Western alchemy practices began probably around b C. 0:02:51.400 --> 0:02:55.480 At the time of Egyptian king Hermes Trismegistus. As a 0:02:55.520 --> 0:02:58.160 side note, that is what he was named by the Greeks, 0:02:58.240 --> 0:03:01.360 but he was also known as Talk the Egyptians, and 0:03:01.440 --> 0:03:05.760 that is how he is deified. Egyptian alchemists presented their 0:03:05.800 --> 0:03:09.800 first document, the Emerald Tablet of Hermes. That's a tablet 0:03:09.840 --> 0:03:12.960 which was said to contain the secret of the prima material. 0:03:13.639 --> 0:03:16.239 The prima material was considered to be the matter that 0:03:16.400 --> 0:03:20.880 was the foundation for everything else. By the sixteenth century 0:03:20.960 --> 0:03:24.560 in Europe, alchemists naturally kind of fell into two categories. 0:03:25.120 --> 0:03:28.440 Those who were focused on chemical processes and apparatus, which 0:03:28.720 --> 0:03:32.520 is more like the precursor to today's chemistry, and those 0:03:32.560 --> 0:03:35.040 who were focused on the metaphysical side of the practice. 0:03:35.080 --> 0:03:37.640 And this was the group who went looking for gold 0:03:37.720 --> 0:03:41.520 and immortality. Unlike the alchemists we've been talking about who 0:03:41.520 --> 0:03:45.560 have been perhaps stereotypically trying to turn lead into gold. 0:03:46.040 --> 0:03:49.120 It doesn't appear that Mary was much interested in discovering 0:03:49.120 --> 0:03:53.120 the philosopher's stone that had eluded alchemists everywhere. Perhaps she 0:03:53.280 --> 0:03:55.200 was on the side, but no one seems to have 0:03:55.280 --> 0:03:58.760 left any evidence that that was the case. Mary, it seems, 0:03:58.840 --> 0:04:02.720 was most interesting it in practical chemical processes. Think of 0:04:02.760 --> 0:04:06.720 her work as a a mix of today's analytical chemistry 0:04:06.800 --> 0:04:12.720 and chemical engineering, or maybe like today's industrial chemists. None 0:04:12.800 --> 0:04:15.840 of Mary's own writings have survived over the last two 0:04:15.920 --> 0:04:20.040 thousand years, but quotations credited to her have been found 0:04:20.080 --> 0:04:23.760 in hermetic writings, most notably the work The Dialogue of 0:04:23.839 --> 0:04:27.320 Mary and Eros on the Magistry of Hermes, written by 0:04:27.360 --> 0:04:32.440 an anonymous Christian philosopher. In it is also vocabulary that 0:04:32.480 --> 0:04:37.159 would eventually become part of the language of alchemists, including lyukosis, 0:04:37.320 --> 0:04:42.039 which is whitening, and xanthosis, which is yellowing. The famous 0:04:42.080 --> 0:04:46.480 tenth century index of Arabic books called the Katab Alphorist, 0:04:46.600 --> 0:04:50.040 compiled by ib And al Nadeem, site Mary too as 0:04:50.080 --> 0:04:53.560 one of the fifty two most famous alchemists. But let's 0:04:53.600 --> 0:04:56.280 note that these works were written between eight and ten 0:04:56.360 --> 0:05:01.440 centuries after she lived. It in on Idem also highlights 0:05:01.480 --> 0:05:04.080 that Mary was able to prepare cop put more to him. 0:05:04.520 --> 0:05:06.960 Cop up more to him could be considered just a 0:05:07.120 --> 0:05:11.520 useless substance leftover from a chemical operation, but alchemists didn't 0:05:11.640 --> 0:05:15.159 overlook it. It's also a type of purple hematite iron 0:05:15.200 --> 0:05:18.839 oxide pigment. You may know it as cardinal purple, and 0:05:18.880 --> 0:05:22.599 it's often used in oil paints and various dyes. There 0:05:22.640 --> 0:05:25.039 are probably several reasons we could get into why this 0:05:25.120 --> 0:05:29.000 discovery was notable, but let's talk about the Roman citizen 0:05:29.080 --> 0:05:33.320 ry to your everyday person. This discovery wasn't just about 0:05:33.360 --> 0:05:37.080 making iron oxide. The pigment made it way easier to 0:05:37.120 --> 0:05:41.360 get a purple shirt or purple paint. Tirian purple, which 0:05:41.400 --> 0:05:45.200 was known as Phoenician red or Imperial purple, was expensive, 0:05:45.320 --> 0:05:48.279 and it's because it took a substantial amount of labor 0:05:48.360 --> 0:05:52.000 to produce. Tirian purple is a biological pigment and it's 0:05:52.040 --> 0:05:55.359 made by extracting the dye from tens of thousands of 0:05:55.480 --> 0:05:59.279 rock snails. One Roman gown it was said needed ten 0:05:59.400 --> 0:06:03.800 thousands shells to be dyed in this manner. We're going 0:06:03.839 --> 0:06:06.000 to take a break for a word from our sponsor, 0:06:06.600 --> 0:06:09.760 and when we return we will talk about distillation and 0:06:09.800 --> 0:06:21.920 how Mary's inventions change the alchemy landscape. Welcome back to Criminalia. 0:06:22.640 --> 0:06:26.480 Let's talk about who Zosimos of Panopolis is and why 0:06:26.560 --> 0:06:30.760 he's important to Mary's story. So we catch up with 0:06:30.839 --> 0:06:33.479 Mary's story when she appeared in the works of the 0:06:33.520 --> 0:06:37.400 writer Zosimos of Panopolis, also known by the Latin name 0:06:37.520 --> 0:06:42.120 Zosimos Alchemista, which means Zosimos the Alchemist. He was an 0:06:42.120 --> 0:06:45.800 Egyptian alchemist and gnostic mystic who wrote more than a 0:06:45.880 --> 0:06:50.120 century after Mary's death. It's believed that while his information 0:06:50.200 --> 0:06:55.120 is pretty strong, he likely misidentified Mary as a quote 0:06:55.279 --> 0:06:59.520 sister of Moses, and she's still often identified as Miriam 0:06:59.600 --> 0:07:03.440 the pro Fit, the sister of Moses. Miriam the Prophet 0:07:03.560 --> 0:07:06.279 is a biblical woman who is also known as Mary 0:07:06.320 --> 0:07:09.920 the Jewess, as well as Maria the Hebrew, Maria the Sage, 0:07:10.000 --> 0:07:13.480 and Mary the Prophetess. The Arabs know her as the 0:07:13.560 --> 0:07:18.080 daughter of Plato. She was likely considered Mary or Maria 0:07:18.360 --> 0:07:23.040 the Wise. Zes Simos was not Mary's contemporary, and when 0:07:23.080 --> 0:07:25.520 he mentions her, he often points out that she was 0:07:25.600 --> 0:07:29.040 quote one of the sages and had lived in times past. 0:07:29.680 --> 0:07:32.600 He writes of her work, her experiments and inventions, that 0:07:32.960 --> 0:07:35.000 we don't get a picture of her life outside of 0:07:35.040 --> 0:07:38.440 her work through his writings, because he was really all business. 0:07:39.440 --> 0:07:41.600 It was believed that he may have based his text 0:07:41.680 --> 0:07:45.040 on Furnaces and Apparatus is on a text written by 0:07:45.080 --> 0:07:48.240 Mary herself, and he also quotes her extensively in his 0:07:48.320 --> 0:07:53.400 work The Coloring of Precious Stones. Writing at the beginning 0:07:53.560 --> 0:07:57.080 of the fourth century, CE, Zosimos gives us some of 0:07:57.080 --> 0:08:01.120 the oldest surviving texts on alchemy, and his works include 0:08:01.600 --> 0:08:06.280 Agatha demon an alchemist in Late Roman Egypt, Pseudo Democritis, 0:08:06.320 --> 0:08:10.760 author of the four Books of Pseudo Democritis, and Hermes Transmegistus, 0:08:10.880 --> 0:08:14.040 whom we mentioned earlier. He provided one of the first 0:08:14.080 --> 0:08:17.480 definitions of alchemy as the study of quote, the composition 0:08:17.480 --> 0:08:23.080 of waters, movement, growth, embodying and disembodying, drawing the spirits 0:08:23.120 --> 0:08:27.720 from bodies, and bonding the spirits within bodies. Zosimos is 0:08:27.760 --> 0:08:30.640 considered one of the most important sources of the history 0:08:30.640 --> 0:08:34.160 of Egyptian alchemy, and he's also included in a compendium 0:08:34.200 --> 0:08:37.680 of alchemical writings that was probably put together during the 0:08:37.720 --> 0:08:42.719 Byzantine Empire in the seventh or eighth century C. There 0:08:42.760 --> 0:08:46.840 are recordings of Mary's story in addition to Zassimos's writings 0:08:47.160 --> 0:08:50.200 at the Fannius, who was the Bishop of Salamis, mentions 0:08:50.240 --> 0:08:53.040 Mary as Mary the Jewis and two of his works, 0:08:53.480 --> 0:08:58.079 Great Questions and Small Questions. Mary's legacy was also translated 0:08:58.120 --> 0:09:01.480 into Arabic writings, where she was written as a contemporary 0:09:01.520 --> 0:09:04.160 of Jesus Christ, which would put her life at the 0:09:04.280 --> 0:09:07.760 very beginning of the first century C. It was also 0:09:07.800 --> 0:09:11.600 suggested she was a contemporary of Austin's, a Persian brother 0:09:11.640 --> 0:09:14.800 in law of Xerxes, who lived as long ago as 0:09:15.000 --> 0:09:20.160 roughly five hundred BC. So even with mentions of contemporaries, 0:09:20.160 --> 0:09:22.800 there's enough contradiction that it's tricky to pin down her 0:09:22.840 --> 0:09:28.160 exact position on a timeline. Some of the experiments attributed 0:09:28.200 --> 0:09:31.120 to Mary and her inventions continue to be used in 0:09:31.160 --> 0:09:35.000 modern day chemistry. According to William Newman, professor in the 0:09:35.040 --> 0:09:38.520 Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University, 0:09:38.640 --> 0:09:43.000 we quote the earliest real distillation apparatus can be identified 0:09:43.320 --> 0:09:45.559 as something like a still found in the works of 0:09:45.640 --> 0:09:50.600 Zosimos of Panopolis. He attributes these discoveries to marry the Hebrew, 0:09:51.080 --> 0:09:54.520 and once you have good distillation apparatus, lots of things 0:09:54.520 --> 0:09:59.960 are possible, Newman continues, quote Mysteriously, for some reason, nobody 0:10:00.040 --> 0:10:03.520 he actually tried to isolate ethel alcohol out of wine 0:10:03.640 --> 0:10:06.640 or beer until much later. But when they did, they 0:10:06.720 --> 0:10:10.800 had to have decent stills, and he's talking about Mary's stills. 0:10:11.640 --> 0:10:14.920 The idea of distillation is described in the Emerald Tablet 0:10:15.040 --> 0:10:19.080 as quote. It rises from Earth to heaven and descends 0:10:19.080 --> 0:10:22.520 again to Earth, thereby combining within itself the powers of 0:10:22.559 --> 0:10:26.320 both the above and the below. Distillation was one of 0:10:26.320 --> 0:10:29.160 the key stages in the process of transmitting base metals 0:10:29.200 --> 0:10:32.560 into gold, and you had to know how to distill. 0:10:32.720 --> 0:10:35.520 You had to, and it was Mary who invented and 0:10:35.600 --> 0:10:39.920 described the alchemical apparatus and processes to do so. It's 0:10:39.920 --> 0:10:44.440 like the most poetic description of distillation. You had to 0:10:44.720 --> 0:10:49.800 You had to rises from Earth to heaven. We are 0:10:49.840 --> 0:10:52.200 going to take a break for a word from our sponsor, 0:10:52.440 --> 0:10:54.520 and when we come back, we're going to talk about 0:10:54.559 --> 0:11:06.120 Mary's relationship to Carl Jung. Welcome back to criminalia. We're 0:11:06.160 --> 0:11:09.040 going to talk now about three of Mary's inventions, including 0:11:09.080 --> 0:11:14.359 one that you probably have used in your home. These inventions, 0:11:14.800 --> 0:11:18.000 let's talk about the apparatus called the Kara tacas. First, 0:11:18.840 --> 0:11:22.680 Kara Takas copied the process of distillation that naturally occurs 0:11:22.679 --> 0:11:25.240 in nature, and the device went on to become a 0:11:25.320 --> 0:11:28.959 staple in chemistry lambs. The apparatus is made of an 0:11:28.960 --> 0:11:31.480 air tight container with a sheet of copper on its 0:11:31.520 --> 0:11:35.400 upper side, and it's used to heat substances to collect vapors. 0:11:35.520 --> 0:11:38.800 If you've ever listened to people talk about distillation of spirits, 0:11:39.320 --> 0:11:42.840 that all sounds pretty familiar. When it is used, it's 0:11:42.840 --> 0:11:47.520 sealed connections form a tight vacuum. As part of her work, 0:11:47.600 --> 0:11:52.120 Mary studied sulfur compounds and discovered what we call Mary's black. 0:11:52.720 --> 0:11:55.800 Mary's black is a black sulfide coating on metal, and 0:11:55.840 --> 0:12:00.240 it's produced during the process of katakas. Mary's device was 0:12:00.360 --> 0:12:04.400 later modified by a German agricultural chemist named Franz von 0:12:04.559 --> 0:12:09.760 Sockslet in eighteen seventy nine, and the extractor today still 0:12:09.840 --> 0:12:14.559 bears his name, the Sockslet extractor. The Socolet extractor apparatus 0:12:14.600 --> 0:12:17.400 is pretty similar to what Mary had made herself. It's 0:12:17.440 --> 0:12:20.319 a glass reservoir set between a lower flask at the 0:12:20.320 --> 0:12:22.920 bottom and a condenser at the top. It's one of 0:12:22.960 --> 0:12:26.600 the most popular techniques for extraction of certain components called 0:12:26.640 --> 0:12:31.640 semi volatile organic compounds from solid materials, and the solvent 0:12:31.760 --> 0:12:35.400 that's used in the process removes any insoluble impurities that 0:12:35.440 --> 0:12:39.800 were in the original material. Of note. In addition to 0:12:39.840 --> 0:12:43.280 the extractor, Von Sockslet had a hand in nutritional science 0:12:43.320 --> 0:12:47.280 as well. Louis Pasteur, for instance, we all know, invented 0:12:47.320 --> 0:12:51.480 the food preparation process known as pasteurization that was patented 0:12:51.520 --> 0:12:55.839 in eighteen sixty five to fight the quote diseases of wine. 0:12:56.160 --> 0:12:59.360 It was Franz in eight six who proposed that the 0:12:59.400 --> 0:13:04.680 process applied to milk and other beverages. Mary's also credited 0:13:04.720 --> 0:13:07.800 as having invented an apparatus called the triba coast, which 0:13:07.840 --> 0:13:11.720 is kind of a three armed apparatus that was also 0:13:11.880 --> 0:13:16.959 used for distillation. It's actually not one clear whether Mary 0:13:17.040 --> 0:13:21.040 did or did not invent the triba coast, but Zosimos 0:13:21.080 --> 0:13:25.160 credits the first description of this instrument to her. In 0:13:25.280 --> 0:13:28.559 her writings quoted by him, she recommends that the copper 0:13:28.720 --> 0:13:31.120 or bronze used to make the tubes on the Treba 0:13:31.160 --> 0:13:33.679 coast should be the thickness of a frying pan, and 0:13:33.720 --> 0:13:36.280 that the joints between the tubes and the steelheads should 0:13:36.320 --> 0:13:40.960 be sealed with flour paste. That's pretty specific and that's 0:13:40.960 --> 0:13:44.560 actually still used today, and this is the one that 0:13:44.640 --> 0:13:48.559 most of us are going to recognize. Mary also invented 0:13:48.600 --> 0:13:52.040 a water bath technique known as the beam Marie that 0:13:52.200 --> 0:13:57.119 literally is French for Marie's bath. This apparatus is basically 0:13:57.240 --> 0:14:00.760 a heated but not boiling water bath, and it works 0:14:00.760 --> 0:14:04.120 similarly to a double boiler, which basically is just two pots, 0:14:04.200 --> 0:14:06.920 so a larger one with warm water in it and 0:14:07.000 --> 0:14:11.400 a smaller, more shallow pot that nestles inside that larger one. 0:14:11.720 --> 0:14:15.080 The setup applies indirect heat through steam, and it can 0:14:15.120 --> 0:14:19.080 maintain a base that's in a liquid state or reliquefy 0:14:19.120 --> 0:14:22.560 a solidified base. In the laboratory, it can be used 0:14:22.600 --> 0:14:25.920 to incubate samples at a constant temperature over a period 0:14:25.960 --> 0:14:29.400 of time. This water bath method has also been the 0:14:29.440 --> 0:14:33.080 preferred heat source instead of an open flame for heating 0:14:33.080 --> 0:14:36.480 flammable chemicals. It's a way to prevent a fire from starting. 0:14:37.040 --> 0:14:40.080 In the culinary world, still today, it's used to make 0:14:40.200 --> 0:14:43.240 cheesecakes and set custards such as crambrew let, or plan. 0:14:44.040 --> 0:14:47.000 It's a preferred method because the steam that develops keeps 0:14:47.040 --> 0:14:49.600 the surface of the food from drying out as it bakes. 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:53.640 Need to melt chocolate, The bomb Marie is for you 0:14:53.720 --> 0:14:59.120 because this technique prevents the fat from separating and liquefying 0:14:59.200 --> 0:15:04.120 honey warming high fat sauces like hollandaise. There's really no 0:15:04.280 --> 0:15:07.120 end to the uses for the bombrie and how it 0:15:07.120 --> 0:15:09.920 can make like a perfectly smooth thing out of something 0:15:09.960 --> 0:15:13.040 that was one solid. It is also used across the 0:15:13.080 --> 0:15:15.720 food service industry is a way to keep dishes warm 0:15:15.840 --> 0:15:19.160 for an extended period of time. Because she did live 0:15:19.280 --> 0:15:22.040 so long ago, we did see stories about Mary that 0:15:22.320 --> 0:15:26.080 may or may not be factual. For instance, though we 0:15:26.080 --> 0:15:29.520 weren't able to dig deeply into this because we're not 0:15:29.680 --> 0:15:34.440 experts in ancient alchemy. Yet we did read about the 0:15:34.480 --> 0:15:37.360 idea that Mary believed medals had different genders, and by 0:15:37.440 --> 0:15:40.360 joining genders together you could create a new entity, a 0:15:40.440 --> 0:15:43.600 new substance. There is a quote that's attributed to her 0:15:43.680 --> 0:15:46.400 that goes join the male and the female, and you 0:15:46.440 --> 0:15:49.680 will find what is salt. The idea is interesting, but 0:15:50.240 --> 0:15:53.360 whether or not Mary believed that, we really can't be sure. 0:15:54.840 --> 0:15:58.520 It's also believed that Mary may have founded an academy 0:15:58.560 --> 0:16:02.400 where she taught alchemy in the Egyptian city of Alexandria. 0:16:02.680 --> 0:16:05.280 Could be so, but again this is one that's difficult 0:16:05.320 --> 0:16:09.239 to verify. Actually, there are more than a few problems 0:16:09.560 --> 0:16:12.080 that we ran into when trying to look at Mary's 0:16:12.120 --> 0:16:15.200 life and peace at altogether. We've talked about some of them. 0:16:15.280 --> 0:16:19.000 But Mary, it said, was also the one who discovered 0:16:19.080 --> 0:16:23.360 hydrochloric acid, but that is pretty hotly debated. It may 0:16:23.400 --> 0:16:28.200 have been discovered by Jabir ibben Hyan in d or 0:16:28.360 --> 0:16:32.880 perhaps it should be credited to William Prout in four. 0:16:33.560 --> 0:16:37.359 And then there's George. Sincellis George, who was a Byzantine 0:16:37.440 --> 0:16:41.640 chronicler of the eighth century that places his work minimum 0:16:41.640 --> 0:16:46.120 five centuries after Mary's life, described Mary as a teacher 0:16:46.160 --> 0:16:50.400 of the philosopher Democritis, whom she hadn't met in Memphis, Egypt, 0:16:50.720 --> 0:16:54.280 during the time of Pericles. Problem with all that is 0:16:54.320 --> 0:16:56.960 that the time of Pericles is a period between roughly 0:16:57.520 --> 0:17:00.720 four sixty one to four nine b c eat. That 0:17:00.760 --> 0:17:04.320 means in something like six hundred years before the earliest 0:17:04.359 --> 0:17:07.040 point where we know that Mary could have been alive. 0:17:07.680 --> 0:17:11.400 So teasing out her life outside of Alchemy can be 0:17:11.760 --> 0:17:16.359 really something of a challenge. That quote Holly shared at 0:17:16.400 --> 0:17:19.119 the beginning of the episode really does live on for Mary. 0:17:19.160 --> 0:17:21.840 And let's go back to how important that quote has 0:17:21.880 --> 0:17:26.200 remained over the centuries. It was one becomes two, two 0:17:26.200 --> 0:17:29.000 becomes three, and out of the third comes the one 0:17:29.119 --> 0:17:34.080 as the fourth. Carl Jung, the famous psychiatrist and psychoanalyst 0:17:34.119 --> 0:17:38.439 who founded analytical psychology, has said that Mary's rule runs 0:17:38.480 --> 0:17:41.280 like a light motif throughout almost the whole of the 0:17:41.400 --> 0:17:46.240 lifetime of Alchemy, extending over more than seventeen centuries, and 0:17:46.280 --> 0:17:48.439 according to him, the quote can be seen as a 0:17:48.480 --> 0:17:52.480 metaphor for his idea of the principle of individual ation, 0:17:53.400 --> 0:17:57.000 the central process of human development, when an individual achieves 0:17:57.160 --> 0:18:06.280 their sense of individuality. A very merry thing, it seems, Ali, 0:18:07.119 --> 0:18:09.880 But you got going on in the caldron today for MARYE. 0:18:11.680 --> 0:18:15.960 You know some things, some things. This one is a 0:18:16.560 --> 0:18:20.080 fruity little number, and I am calling it Mary's Black 0:18:20.480 --> 0:18:25.200 because it's black. This is a super simple one and 0:18:25.520 --> 0:18:29.560 you can serve it a couple of different ways. I 0:18:29.640 --> 0:18:33.200 initially did one that's like a very basic poured into 0:18:33.240 --> 0:18:38.600 a chilled cocktail glass. It is one ounce of blue curasou, 0:18:39.119 --> 0:18:44.119 one ounce of strawberry vodka, two ounces of pomegranate juice, 0:18:44.640 --> 0:18:47.760 and a couple of dashes of floral bidders. The floral 0:18:47.760 --> 0:18:51.800 bidders really changed the flavor profile, so just know if 0:18:51.840 --> 0:18:54.600 you skip it, you'll have a slightly different drink. Now 0:18:54.800 --> 0:18:57.480 this I just shook it all and poured it into 0:18:57.480 --> 0:19:00.359 a glass together. It's got a very sharp flavor because 0:19:00.400 --> 0:19:05.359 of that pomegranate juice. So if that altogether is too 0:19:05.400 --> 0:19:08.840 harsh for a sip, you can just pour club soda 0:19:08.840 --> 0:19:10.960 on top an ounce or two and soften it up 0:19:10.960 --> 0:19:13.560 a little around the edges. You can also soften it 0:19:13.560 --> 0:19:15.400 with ginger ale. If you want, whatever you want. It's 0:19:15.440 --> 0:19:18.760 your it's your alchemy. It's fine, it's your drink, it's 0:19:18.760 --> 0:19:22.360 your cauldron. But it's it's super easy to put together, 0:19:22.760 --> 0:19:24.960 and I wanted to do something that included at least 0:19:25.040 --> 0:19:28.439 two different alcohols. Since we owe Mary a little bit 0:19:28.480 --> 0:19:30.520 of a debt, of gratitude for the cauldron existing in 0:19:30.560 --> 0:19:36.000 the first place. This one is very easy to do 0:19:36.320 --> 0:19:40.879 as a mocktail. Keep the pomegranate juice. Obviously, if you recall, 0:19:40.960 --> 0:19:42.840 I don't remember what season it was. There was another 0:19:42.880 --> 0:19:46.560 cocktail where I mentioned that you can get non alcoholic 0:19:46.640 --> 0:19:49.439 blue curasau in most grocery stores. It's like over with 0:19:49.560 --> 0:19:52.240 the syrups, like with the simple syrups and stuff. But yeah, 0:19:52.320 --> 0:19:56.399 you can use that. And then in lieu of strawberry vodka. 0:19:56.480 --> 0:19:58.920 You have some options here, right. You can do if 0:19:58.960 --> 0:20:02.160 you want to blend some strawberries to the point where 0:20:02.160 --> 0:20:04.159 they get pretty juicy, you could do that and put 0:20:04.240 --> 0:20:06.640 it in. You could also just slice some and put 0:20:06.720 --> 0:20:09.040 it in. You could muddle them. Basically, just get some 0:20:09.080 --> 0:20:11.960 fresh strawberries and add them to this whole business. And 0:20:12.000 --> 0:20:15.440 then you know, bitter's optional, but yes, same same basic thing. 0:20:15.600 --> 0:20:18.719 The strawberry is add such a nice thing. I originally 0:20:18.800 --> 0:20:23.080 did this with regular vodka and it just wasn't quite right. 0:20:24.080 --> 0:20:26.560 You need that strawberry flavor to make the other two 0:20:26.600 --> 0:20:29.280 play together nicely. It's like builds a bridge between the 0:20:29.280 --> 0:20:32.280 citrus and the pomegranate. It is really my kind of 0:20:32.359 --> 0:20:37.399 drink because I'm the cranberry tart, cherry pomegranate. I'm like, 0:20:37.520 --> 0:20:40.439 let me yeah, And it's a black drink, which I 0:20:40.440 --> 0:20:43.560 think we've only had. We had we'd have a couple 0:20:44.119 --> 0:20:46.879 we've had. I think we've had to and one of 0:20:46.920 --> 0:20:50.280 them we did with charcoal, and I always liked doing 0:20:50.280 --> 0:20:52.199 them with not charcoal. We did one not too long 0:20:52.240 --> 0:20:55.400 ago that involved cola in the mix to turn it dart. Yeah. 0:20:55.800 --> 0:20:58.359 I thought about also trying it with gin. There's a 0:20:58.440 --> 0:21:01.840 purple gin that I like to use. Yeah. Nope, Oh 0:21:03.800 --> 0:21:06.280 it didn't. It just wasn't. It wasn't horrible. It just 0:21:06.359 --> 0:21:09.199 tasted weird. It was like I couldn't even describe what 0:21:09.320 --> 0:21:12.520 was wrong about it. I didn't dance on the palette. 0:21:13.640 --> 0:21:16.920 I understand why angels dancing on the tip of my 0:21:16.960 --> 0:21:19.760 tongue when I drink this. There you go. So yes, 0:21:19.840 --> 0:21:23.600 that is Mary's Black, and hopefully if you make it, 0:21:23.760 --> 0:21:26.639 you find that it does dance on your palette. We 0:21:26.680 --> 0:21:28.720 are so grateful for the time you spend with us. 0:21:28.720 --> 0:21:30.800 So thank you for being with us and hearing Mary's 0:21:30.800 --> 0:21:33.120 story this week, and we hope you will come right 0:21:33.160 --> 0:21:36.000 back next week because we have a little more alchemy 0:21:36.040 --> 0:21:48.040 to discuss. Criminalia is a production of Shonda land Audio 0:21:48.119 --> 0:21:51.480 in partnership with I heart Radio. For more podcasts from 0:21:51.480 --> 0:21:54.440 Shonda land Audio, please visit the I heart Radio app, 0:21:54.640 --> 0:21:57.720 Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.