WEBVTT - Ep 187 Hypothermia Part 2: How it helps 0:00:00.040 --> 0:00:03.000 In nineteen sixty seven, I was treated with hypothermia by 0:00:03.000 --> 0:00:05.880 immersion in ice cold water as part of a local study, 0:00:06.280 --> 0:00:10.480 and then developed subcutaneous fat necrosis. Both myself and one 0:00:10.480 --> 0:00:13.080 other case were reported by the neonatal team who looked 0:00:13.119 --> 0:00:16.560 after me to have had otherwise favorable short term outcomes, 0:00:16.840 --> 0:00:19.800 but on the basis of this complication, these early studies 0:00:19.840 --> 0:00:23.759 of hypothermia were stopped. I was born weighing three thousand, 0:00:23.840 --> 0:00:27.720 nine hundred seventy grams at full term after an uncomplicated pregnancy, 0:00:27.840 --> 0:00:32.000 labor and delivery. As reported, at one minute after birth, 0:00:32.040 --> 0:00:35.920 I became apnic and did not respond to resuscitation. After 0:00:36.000 --> 0:00:38.240 five minutes, I was placed in an ice water bath. 0:00:38.600 --> 0:00:41.360 My breathing was reported to recover after twenty eight minutes 0:00:41.360 --> 0:00:44.880 of hypothermia. At forty five minutes of life, my capillary 0:00:44.920 --> 0:00:48.000 pH was six point nine but recovered steadily, and I 0:00:48.120 --> 0:00:52.520 was discharged at day three. Subcutaneous fat necrosis developed between 0:00:52.520 --> 0:00:55.560 two and four weeks of age. The calcium deposits were 0:00:55.640 --> 0:00:59.280 largely cleared by six months. My serum calcium remained normal, 0:00:59.320 --> 0:01:01.720 and my weight gain and in development were considered appropriate 0:01:01.760 --> 0:01:04.520 at that age, but no further follow up was reported 0:01:05.200 --> 0:01:07.640 fifty three years after these events. I have had a 0:01:07.720 --> 0:01:10.480 very normal life. Although my mother tease me about my 0:01:10.520 --> 0:01:13.480 skin in childhood, I never had any apparent skin problems 0:01:13.480 --> 0:01:16.160 as a child or later. I was a keen sportsman 0:01:16.200 --> 0:01:18.880 at school. My handwriting was never a strength, and so 0:01:18.959 --> 0:01:21.319 I taught myself to touch type, which turned out to be 0:01:21.319 --> 0:01:24.160 an advantage in the computer age. At the same time, 0:01:24.280 --> 0:01:26.440 it is interesting to note that I can easily thread 0:01:26.480 --> 0:01:30.399 a needle. Academically, I did very well throughout school and university. 0:01:30.560 --> 0:01:33.080 I was awarded my PhD in nineteen ninety eight and 0:01:33.120 --> 0:01:35.920 have served at my current institution as department chair and 0:01:35.959 --> 0:01:39.679 faculty Senate president. In retrospect, I strongly believe that the 0:01:39.680 --> 0:01:42.720 benefits of treatment clearly outweighed the costs, and that the 0:01:42.720 --> 0:01:46.560 abrupt cessation of these early studies of therapeutic hypothermia represented 0:01:46.600 --> 0:01:49.480 a missed opportunity. If the opinion of my parents had 0:01:49.520 --> 0:01:52.320 been sought at the time, or subsequently my opinion, we 0:01:52.320 --> 0:02:43.400 would have favored continued trialing of this promising treatment. Fascinating, 0:02:43.960 --> 0:02:47.600 it's really an interesting I don't know that I've ever 0:02:47.680 --> 0:02:53.079 read a report or like of someone who had been 0:02:53.120 --> 0:02:57.560 a recipient of therapeutic hypothermia, like especially from so long ago, 0:02:57.720 --> 0:03:02.600 Like it's really interesting. Yeah, it's really good. Fine, Darren, 0:03:03.560 --> 0:03:06.600 thank you. I don't remember how I found it, but 0:03:06.800 --> 0:03:08.320 well I can tell you where it's from. 0:03:10.720 --> 0:03:10.800 Do. 0:03:11.000 --> 0:03:15.640 That was by Robert Carlson in Pediatric Research from twenty 0:03:15.680 --> 0:03:18.240 twenty one and article titled fifty three years of follow 0:03:18.320 --> 0:03:22.160 up of an infant with neonatal encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia. 0:03:22.480 --> 0:03:25.960 It's fascinating and I feel like that, yeah, the first 0:03:25.960 --> 0:03:29.000 hand account much much later because it's not like he 0:03:29.400 --> 0:03:31.200 remembers this happening. 0:03:31.200 --> 0:03:34.480 Right, It's like he's clearly reading some of the like medical, 0:03:35.160 --> 0:03:38.720 you know, records of his birth and treatment thereafter, and 0:03:38.800 --> 0:03:41.760 then and then talking about his life since Like it's 0:03:41.800 --> 0:03:42.520 so interesting. 0:03:42.840 --> 0:03:46.480 Yeah, and I'm I'm so curious to know how this 0:03:46.560 --> 0:03:49.640 episode shakes out with like what you find. But like 0:03:49.720 --> 0:03:52.680 the point I feel like, I feel like the thing 0:03:52.760 --> 0:03:54.560 that stuck out to me when it comes to that 0:03:54.720 --> 0:03:57.880 is that maybe it was a little bit of missed opportunity, 0:03:58.000 --> 0:04:01.120 Maybe it was a little bit of you know, understandable 0:04:01.160 --> 0:04:06.080 hesitation to pursue trials, but ultimately it's like, how do you, 0:04:07.400 --> 0:04:11.600 how do you make scientific discoveries that do not harm 0:04:11.880 --> 0:04:14.880 people or have the potential to harm people? And that's yeah. 0:04:14.920 --> 0:04:16.520 You know, we've come a long way in the twentieth 0:04:16.560 --> 0:04:22.440 century because of that. So yeah, anyway, Hi, I'm Aaron Welsh. 0:04:21.760 --> 0:04:23.480 And I'm Erin alman Updyke. 0:04:23.279 --> 0:04:25.440 And this is this podcast will kill You. 0:04:25.800 --> 0:04:29.480 And we're coming back with our second part on hypothermia, 0:04:29.760 --> 0:04:31.040 as promised. 0:04:31.520 --> 0:04:35.400 As promised, this is hypothermia can be good, Cold can 0:04:35.440 --> 0:04:35.840 be good. 0:04:36.040 --> 0:04:37.640 Cold is not always bad. 0:04:37.920 --> 0:04:42.880 Yeah, yeah, however you want to say it. Yes, it's 0:04:43.360 --> 0:04:49.480 the history of therapeutic hypothermia. It's really so much to learn. 0:04:50.160 --> 0:04:55.640 I am thrilled. I know literally nothing about the history 0:04:55.680 --> 0:04:56.960 prior to two thousand and two. 0:04:57.720 --> 0:05:02.599 Oh yep, oky dook. Well, I'll teach to some things 0:05:02.600 --> 0:05:06.000 that I have discovered. Great, but we've got a few 0:05:06.200 --> 0:05:09.080 a few things. This is off to a great start erin, 0:05:10.720 --> 0:05:13.520 we've got a few things to tackle before we can 0:05:13.560 --> 0:05:17.000 get into like the meat of the episode. It's quarantin 0:05:17.040 --> 0:05:17.679 any time. 0:05:17.760 --> 0:05:23.000 It's quarantin any time. We're still we changed it. Yeah. 0:05:23.240 --> 0:05:25.520 Oh, uncommon cold, the uncommon cold. 0:05:25.640 --> 0:05:28.120 Yeah, that's what we're drinking. That's what we're drinking. Yep, 0:05:28.560 --> 0:05:35.480 we should probably do that again though, right, Nah, Okay. 0:05:34.640 --> 0:05:41.280 This is gold erin, this is gold It's an uncommon cold. 0:05:41.920 --> 0:05:47.800 It's a hobn arrow margarita, spicy margarita because it's blended. 0:05:47.920 --> 0:05:50.480 It's cold, there's ice in it, but also there's like 0:05:50.520 --> 0:05:55.320 a little bit of warmth, you know. Yeah, and also 0:05:55.400 --> 0:05:58.039 alcohol does not make is not a treatment for hypothermia, 0:05:58.080 --> 0:06:02.400 as we covered last episode as the Room. Yeah, it's 0:06:02.400 --> 0:06:05.520 on our website, this podcast will kill You dot com. 0:06:05.560 --> 0:06:08.760 It's on our social media channels, toy. 0:06:08.520 --> 0:06:10.400 This is going really well, really well. 0:06:11.040 --> 0:06:14.120 Our website has lots of good things. It's got transcripts, 0:06:14.240 --> 0:06:17.479 it's got sources for all of our episodes, links to 0:06:18.000 --> 0:06:21.520 merch links to Patreon, bookshop, dot Orgiphilia account, Goodreads list, 0:06:22.000 --> 0:06:24.960 music by Bloodmobile. If I haven't already said that, contact 0:06:25.120 --> 0:06:29.719 us form firsthand account form reach out, reach out. We 0:06:29.800 --> 0:06:30.560 love to hear from you. 0:06:31.200 --> 0:06:34.160 We also love to hear when you have a great 0:06:34.279 --> 0:06:39.480 rating or review to write about us, So if you 0:06:39.520 --> 0:06:41.840 could leave us one of those, we'd really appreciate it. 0:06:42.320 --> 0:06:45.480 I haven't done that already, Thank you if you have, 0:06:46.240 --> 0:06:50.440 and subscribe on YouTube exactly right, channel. Can we get 0:06:50.480 --> 0:06:52.240 into the episode. 0:06:52.440 --> 0:07:09.920 Certainly, but it's like a break. I left off last 0:07:09.920 --> 0:07:15.160 week with the story of the amazing recovery of Anna Bagenholm, 0:07:15.200 --> 0:07:20.080 whose body temperature dropped to thirteen point seven degrees celsius 0:07:20.200 --> 0:07:24.960 or fifty six point six degrees fahrenheit. What I still 0:07:25.040 --> 0:07:25.680 can't get over it. 0:07:26.920 --> 0:07:29.280 Yeah, it is that, like the is that in the 0:07:29.280 --> 0:07:31.520 Guinness Book of World Records? Like is that the record? 0:07:31.720 --> 0:07:34.040 Or I don't trust the Guinness Book of World Records 0:07:34.080 --> 0:07:37.000 anymore the g I ever did, but like, yeah, not 0:07:37.400 --> 0:07:38.960 after a gallstone. 0:07:38.840 --> 0:07:42.840 Missaply hugely lost faith. 0:07:43.000 --> 0:07:44.120 But yeah, she might be in there. 0:07:44.680 --> 0:07:44.800 Wo. 0:07:45.320 --> 0:07:48.080 But in that episode Arin last week, you also took 0:07:48.160 --> 0:07:50.920 us through all the ways that the cold can hurt 0:07:51.040 --> 0:07:54.160 or even kill us, and how we can reverse or 0:07:54.200 --> 0:07:57.760 halt some of that damage. But it would be unfair 0:07:58.240 --> 0:08:00.680 to the cold for us to end the story there 0:08:01.200 --> 0:08:05.760 just showing its villainous side, Because while the cold has 0:08:05.800 --> 0:08:09.480 claimed many lives and fingers and toes and noses, it 0:08:09.560 --> 0:08:13.480 has also saved many as harnessed by modern medicine. And 0:08:13.520 --> 0:08:15.800 so this week I want to tell the story of 0:08:15.880 --> 0:08:20.480 how humans have attempted to use cold, successfully or unsuccessfully, 0:08:21.000 --> 0:08:26.280 to save or prolonged lives. We have long used cold 0:08:26.320 --> 0:08:29.600 as a topical treatment for various aches and pains, swollen joints, 0:08:29.640 --> 0:08:34.120 battle trauma, and fever. Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman physicians 0:08:34.240 --> 0:08:37.520 all called for cold to be used in various ailments. 0:08:37.640 --> 0:08:40.640 You know, the oldest medical writing hailing the benefits of 0:08:40.720 --> 0:08:45.360 cold comes from the Edwin Smith Scroll dating to sixteen 0:08:45.400 --> 0:08:50.440 hundred BCE. It details a recipe to cool blisters, so 0:08:50.480 --> 0:08:52.960 it's more about like a cooling sensation in the cold itself, 0:08:53.040 --> 0:08:53.760 but still. 0:08:53.720 --> 0:08:56.160 Like still, yeah, cold can feel good. 0:08:56.360 --> 0:08:59.560 Cold can feel good. And Hippocrates, of course was a 0:08:59.559 --> 0:09:03.640 big liver in cold, especially for those of a warmer temperament. 0:09:04.440 --> 0:09:08.000 And he also wrote that this is yeah, infants left 0:09:08.000 --> 0:09:13.240 out in winter like left out infants survived longer than 0:09:13.280 --> 0:09:16.240 babies left out in the summer months. 0:09:16.679 --> 0:09:22.240 That's I'm sorry, I wrote, yeah, like, first of all, 0:09:22.440 --> 0:09:25.719 what also second of all, I could miss this a 0:09:25.720 --> 0:09:28.560 little bit, but you just said of a warmer temperament. 0:09:29.000 --> 0:09:32.960 Oh yeah, you know, like tempers or not tempers? Oh 0:09:33.000 --> 0:09:36.280 like humors? Humors, Oh my god, you just did a whole. 0:09:36.000 --> 0:09:37.760 Episode, just did a whole episode on it. 0:09:38.080 --> 0:09:40.400 Honestly, this sweater is making me overheat. 0:09:41.240 --> 0:09:43.559 Well maybe you have a warm temperament and you need. 0:09:43.400 --> 0:09:48.079 Some cold next week hyperthermia. Just kidding, but no, so 0:09:48.200 --> 0:09:49.480 I I have no idea. 0:09:49.840 --> 0:09:50.719 Was this experiment? 0:09:50.840 --> 0:09:52.080 Was this just like lore? 0:09:52.520 --> 0:09:52.760 You know? 0:09:53.520 --> 0:09:54.640 Yeah, I don't know. 0:09:55.320 --> 0:10:00.360 I mean so like babies can definitely overheat, yes, in 0:10:00.720 --> 0:10:04.959 warmer temperatures, in many cases more quickly than they will. 0:10:05.200 --> 0:10:07.440 But like we said last week, because of their body 0:10:07.480 --> 0:10:10.720 surface area to volume ratio, they're also you know, going 0:10:10.760 --> 0:10:13.079 to get be more susceptible to hype both roma too, 0:10:13.160 --> 0:10:16.800 So it's it is both. And how about that both? 0:10:16.880 --> 0:10:19.920 And I mean really anything is possible with Hippocrates, Like 0:10:21.160 --> 0:10:26.160 it's like I yeah, I don't know. But beginning in 0:10:26.200 --> 0:10:29.160 the sixteen hundreds or so, there was a shift in 0:10:29.240 --> 0:10:33.040 thinking like if a little localized cold was helpful to 0:10:33.120 --> 0:10:36.840 relieve joint pain and whatnot, that a full body cold 0:10:36.880 --> 0:10:42.120 soak would be even better. Right. Cold baths became all 0:10:42.240 --> 0:10:45.320 the rage, and advocates claimed that they cured every ailment 0:10:45.440 --> 0:10:48.160 under the sun, especially fevers, which honestly, maybe they did, 0:10:48.240 --> 0:10:50.800 I don't know, But by the way, this made me 0:10:50.800 --> 0:10:53.040 think I was I did a little digging in this 0:10:53.080 --> 0:10:57.360 episode because I was like, oh, yeah, fevers that sometimes 0:10:57.480 --> 0:11:00.240 can be adaptive, that sometimes can help us to fight 0:11:00.280 --> 0:11:04.280 off infections. Can hypothermia ever be adaptive in that way? 0:11:04.400 --> 0:11:07.240 Is there any reason that it would be protective? So 0:11:07.280 --> 0:11:09.719 I did some digging, and yes, I did find that 0:11:09.840 --> 0:11:13.680 a few people suggested that maybe a hypothermic response, like 0:11:13.960 --> 0:11:18.120 sometimes people get hypothermic incepsis, for instance, could be a 0:11:18.200 --> 0:11:20.880 last ditch effort to conserve energy and protect it gets 0:11:20.920 --> 0:11:23.920 damage from inflammation. But I also see your face right now, 0:11:23.960 --> 0:11:27.439 which is very questioning, and that's that's how I feel too, 0:11:27.720 --> 0:11:30.360 because how do you disentangle that from the body just 0:11:30.400 --> 0:11:33.320 not having the energy to maintain a fever or even 0:11:33.440 --> 0:11:35.000 just like normal body temperature? 0:11:35.400 --> 0:11:37.920 Right And I will say, like, what is the what 0:11:38.040 --> 0:11:40.400 is the driver of it? I don't know, but what 0:11:40.520 --> 0:11:44.199 is the outcome of it? We do know that hypothermia 0:11:44.280 --> 0:11:48.280 in case like unintentional hypothermia, We're going to talk later 0:11:48.559 --> 0:11:51.880 and today about like intentionally reducing someone's body temperature. But 0:11:52.200 --> 0:11:54.960 if someone is so sick with an infection and they 0:11:55.040 --> 0:11:57.960 end up hypothermic, it's usually quite a bad sign that 0:11:58.000 --> 0:12:00.439 things are not going well and they're usually poor outcomes. 0:12:00.679 --> 0:12:03.880 Yeah, so it's yeah, it's not like it seems to 0:12:03.920 --> 0:12:06.960 me that we have no evidence to suggest or very 0:12:07.000 --> 0:12:09.160 little and not none that I found that it's an 0:12:09.200 --> 0:12:11.720 adaptive response and it's more just the body shutting down. 0:12:12.200 --> 0:12:14.040 Yeah, it's not like our It's not like a fever 0:12:14.080 --> 0:12:16.720 where our hypothalmis is like, hey, let's raise the body temperature. 0:12:16.720 --> 0:12:19.560 Our hypothemist doesn't go, hey let's lower the body temperature. 0:12:19.679 --> 0:12:19.880 Didn't. 0:12:19.920 --> 0:12:22.520 I didn't find any data that happens in humans and 0:12:22.640 --> 0:12:24.920 other animals like you talked about, they're doing all the time. 0:12:25.200 --> 0:12:27.680 They're doing it for other reasons too. It's like not, 0:12:27.800 --> 0:12:34.680 it's yeah, exactly. Yeah, okay, anyway, I love this one 0:12:34.679 --> 0:12:38.000 of already. I'm glad, don't we love to just like 0:12:38.040 --> 0:12:42.800 some easy swing and just bat down ideas. Yeah, hypotheses, No, 0:12:45.520 --> 0:12:49.760 I got Okay. So, one of the biggest cheerleaders for 0:12:50.120 --> 0:12:53.240 cold baths was this guy named James Curry, and I 0:12:53.320 --> 0:12:56.120 mentioned him in our Fever episode last year as the 0:12:56.160 --> 0:13:01.000 mastermind behind many enthusiastic cold water treatments, where he continually 0:13:01.040 --> 0:13:04.360 doused people with freezing water, even past the point where 0:13:04.400 --> 0:13:06.600 they were like no, please, no, no, more. 0:13:07.920 --> 0:13:08.360 Remember this. 0:13:09.840 --> 0:13:11.840 Well, I don't know. I don't remember if I got 0:13:11.840 --> 0:13:14.360 into this in the episode. But one of the reasons 0:13:14.400 --> 0:13:18.000 that he became so evangelical about cold water treatment is 0:13:18.000 --> 0:13:21.640 because in the early seventeen seventies he observed a shipwreck 0:13:21.760 --> 0:13:25.720 in the freezing waters of the North Channel. When rescue 0:13:25.760 --> 0:13:28.880 finally came, the survivors tended to be those who stayed 0:13:28.920 --> 0:13:31.440 in the water, while those who waited on top of 0:13:31.480 --> 0:13:35.400 the ship more often perished. And that made me think 0:13:35.440 --> 0:13:40.880 of Titanic and Jack and Rose, you know, because by 0:13:40.920 --> 0:13:43.280 this logic, shouldn't Jack have survived. 0:13:43.960 --> 0:13:45.880 Spoilers, He doesn't. 0:13:46.320 --> 0:13:50.720 He doesn't spoilers. Sorry if that's a spoiler for it, 0:13:50.559 --> 0:13:53.600 And it got spoiled for me by a neighborhood friend 0:13:53.840 --> 0:13:56.720 in when it came out and it was trauma like that, 0:13:56.840 --> 0:13:59.439 like has made me hate spoilers so much, you know 0:13:59.480 --> 0:14:01.880 how I feel like would be I do like dealers, But. 0:14:01.920 --> 0:14:04.920 Yeah, it also I just want to say that that 0:14:04.960 --> 0:14:07.319 does not make any sense because of what we talked 0:14:07.320 --> 0:14:11.120 about last week with how water is a much better 0:14:11.240 --> 0:14:14.240 conductor of heat than air, and so immersion in even 0:14:14.280 --> 0:14:17.160 I mean, the water in Titanic was like below freezing, 0:14:17.480 --> 0:14:21.200 very cold. But even immersion in like water that's like 0:14:21.320 --> 0:14:24.400 sixty or seventy degrees can cause hypothermia in a number 0:14:24.440 --> 0:14:28.400 of hours, where it would take a very very prolonged 0:14:28.400 --> 0:14:31.080 exposure with no clothes at all to be hypothermic in 0:14:31.120 --> 0:14:32.040 those temperatures in air. 0:14:32.360 --> 0:14:36.000 Yeah, I mean, you know, if only we had Curry 0:14:36.120 --> 0:14:39.200 himself here to question only only bro. 0:14:39.680 --> 0:14:41.200 Yeah, what was your sample size? 0:14:41.360 --> 0:14:44.320 And I think he was watching from a distance, and 0:14:44.400 --> 0:14:46.880 how he could even know were the people who were 0:14:46.920 --> 0:14:49.560 on the shipwreck like or on the remains of the 0:14:49.600 --> 0:14:51.760 boat where they also soaked in water? Did they fall 0:14:51.760 --> 0:14:52.400 off occasionally? 0:14:52.400 --> 0:14:52.560 You know? 0:14:52.640 --> 0:14:54.960 Like right, was it that they were soaking wet and 0:14:55.000 --> 0:14:57.240 then there was wind chill or something like that? Maybe 0:14:57.760 --> 0:15:00.440 was the air temperature colder and the water temperture was 0:15:00.480 --> 0:15:02.440 not that cold and then there was a winch maybe. 0:15:02.480 --> 0:15:05.200 I mean the bottom line is that he was like 0:15:05.520 --> 0:15:08.760 convinced cold water is where it is at. 0:15:09.000 --> 0:15:12.720 Well, we know you can't change their minds, you can't. 0:15:12.840 --> 0:15:17.080 Yeah. And oh, by the way, speaking of Titanic, so 0:15:17.280 --> 0:15:21.880 of the nearly fifteen hundred deaths from the Titanic, from 0:15:21.880 --> 0:15:25.120 that Titanic, I mean, I don't need to say, anymore 0:15:25.440 --> 0:15:30.480 were classified as drowning when in fact they were probably hypothermia. Yeah, 0:15:30.920 --> 0:15:33.120 makes just an interesting I think that kind of but 0:15:33.200 --> 0:15:35.520 it shows to me it demonstrates sort of the public's 0:15:35.600 --> 0:15:41.280 understanding of hypothermia and what was happening in that situation. Yeah, okay. 0:15:41.920 --> 0:15:44.760 So the other reason that Curry was psyched about cold 0:15:44.800 --> 0:15:47.640 baths was reading about the experience of this guy, doctor 0:15:47.680 --> 0:15:50.680 William Wright, who used cold water to treat a fever 0:15:50.840 --> 0:15:53.320 that he had, which was likely typhoid fever. All right, 0:15:53.680 --> 0:15:58.120 quote September ninth. Having given the necessary directions, about three 0:15:58.160 --> 0:16:00.880 o'clock in the afternoon, I stripped off all my clothes 0:16:01.360 --> 0:16:03.920 and threw a sea cloak loosely about me till I 0:16:03.920 --> 0:16:06.880 got upon deck. When the cloak was also laid aside. 0:16:07.520 --> 0:16:11.160 Three buckets full of cold salt water were then thrown 0:16:11.200 --> 0:16:14.000 at once on me. The shock was great, but I 0:16:14.080 --> 0:16:18.320 felt immediate relief. The headache and other pains instantly abated, 0:16:18.360 --> 0:16:22.960 and a fine glow and diaphoresis succeeded. Towards evening, however, 0:16:23.240 --> 0:16:26.600 the febrile symptoms threatened return, and I had recourse again 0:16:26.640 --> 0:16:29.440 to the same method as before, with the same good effect. 0:16:29.720 --> 0:16:32.240 I now took food with an appetite and for the 0:16:32.280 --> 0:16:35.360 first time had a sound night's rest en. 0:16:36.360 --> 0:16:40.680 I love that image. What is a sea cloak? Can 0:16:40.760 --> 0:16:41.840 I have one? 0:16:41.960 --> 0:16:46.000 I'm assuming towel. No, I'm picturing. 0:16:50.040 --> 0:16:53.400 I'm picturing something quite much more majestic than a towel. 0:16:53.840 --> 0:16:57.000 I'm calling my towel sea cloak. From this point forward, 0:16:57.760 --> 0:17:00.760 can you help me fold the sea clad folks? Please? 0:17:01.400 --> 0:17:03.240 Do you know that never in a million years would 0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:04.600 I assumed that it's a towel. 0:17:06.960 --> 0:17:09.880 I have no idea. Somebody, we need to look this up. 0:17:13.000 --> 0:17:14.960 Of course it's a towel, but I never. 0:17:15.160 --> 0:17:20.320 Know it might not be. It's just a branding opportunity. 0:17:20.680 --> 0:17:21.480 It really is. 0:17:21.560 --> 0:17:27.440 Someone make a seat cloak, Okay, but also like that's 0:17:27.480 --> 0:17:30.159 a hih so that is the account that made this 0:17:30.200 --> 0:17:33.080 guy Curry be like cold baths, cold bass for everyone, 0:17:33.200 --> 0:17:34.000 cold bass for everything. 0:17:34.200 --> 0:17:37.600 Yeah, I mean it's it's not that much different than 0:17:37.680 --> 0:17:41.240 like watching a TikTok video today and being like cold baths. 0:17:42.640 --> 0:17:44.719 I think you can find a lot of those videos 0:17:44.760 --> 0:17:46.960 on tiktoks. People are really into cold baths. 0:17:47.040 --> 0:17:50.200 Yeah, yes, yeah, yep, uh and so, but this like 0:17:50.320 --> 0:17:54.040 really took many different places by storm spas sprung up 0:17:54.040 --> 0:17:56.480 where you could alternate between hot and cold waters, which 0:17:56.560 --> 0:17:59.880 is quite delightful, and the benefits of cold water plunges 0:18:00.200 --> 0:18:03.160 widely hailed even before the TikTok bros you know, came 0:18:03.200 --> 0:18:07.359 on the scene. But cold treatments weren't always used with consent. 0:18:08.400 --> 0:18:12.280 In the sixteen hundreds, cold water dunking was occasionally employed 0:18:12.320 --> 0:18:15.199 as a cure for mental illness, where it proved not 0:18:15.240 --> 0:18:19.840 only ineffective but also cruel, torturous, and even deadly. In 0:18:19.880 --> 0:18:24.800 some cases, there were dunking stations built on the grounds 0:18:24.840 --> 0:18:25.800 of some asylums. 0:18:26.240 --> 0:18:28.720 Oh my gosh, that's awful. 0:18:29.080 --> 0:18:32.600 The logic behind this was that, okay, well, if mental 0:18:32.640 --> 0:18:36.439 illness is caused by a fevered brain, you need to 0:18:36.480 --> 0:18:40.120 cool it by any means necessary. So as an example, 0:18:40.680 --> 0:18:43.520 in seventeen twenty five, a woman who was accused of 0:18:43.600 --> 0:18:48.240 neglecting her husband was forced, while restrained, to stand under 0:18:48.280 --> 0:18:52.560 a torrent fifteen tons of freezing water for ninety minutes 0:18:53.040 --> 0:18:58.120 until she promised she would become a loving and obedient wife. Torture. 0:18:58.480 --> 0:18:59.800 That's like, I mean, what else do you call this? 0:19:00.080 --> 0:19:00.280 Really? 0:19:00.320 --> 0:19:02.720 Torture? Just actual torture? Yeah, yeah. 0:19:02.960 --> 0:19:07.880 What uh, and not to mention ineffective on medical grounds, 0:19:08.119 --> 0:19:09.720 but even if it were effective, it's not like that 0:19:09.720 --> 0:19:10.800 would justify its use. 0:19:11.320 --> 0:19:14.680 Also, it's not a mental disorder to not be nice 0:19:14.680 --> 0:19:15.360 to your husband. 0:19:17.840 --> 0:19:18.119 I know. 0:19:18.240 --> 0:19:21.199 I I told my husband this, and he was like, 0:19:21.240 --> 0:19:24.280 what is neglectful? Like what what does that? What does 0:19:24.359 --> 0:19:24.800 that mean? 0:19:25.040 --> 0:19:25.119 Right? 0:19:25.160 --> 0:19:25.360 Yeah? 0:19:25.400 --> 0:19:29.800 Right, so many questions. Sandwich wasn't made crispy enough, or 0:19:29.840 --> 0:19:32.280 like it was too crispy and it you know when 0:19:32.320 --> 0:19:33.160 it scratches the. 0:19:33.119 --> 0:19:37.080 Top, Yeah, the Captain crunch syndrome. Yeah, just shreds the 0:19:37.160 --> 0:19:37.880 roof of your mouth. 0:19:39.000 --> 0:19:40.080 She made his sandwich like that? 0:19:40.280 --> 0:19:43.560 Mm hmm. I mean, well, yeah, I still don't think 0:19:43.560 --> 0:19:46.040 it deserves fifteen tons of freezing water. But you know 0:19:46.240 --> 0:19:47.800 that's just my opinion, just. 0:19:47.720 --> 0:19:50.080 Our opinion, just our opinion, Okay. 0:19:50.200 --> 0:19:52.520 But yeah, And so as as much as I would 0:19:52.600 --> 0:19:54.680 like to tell you that this type of thing fell 0:19:54.680 --> 0:19:57.240 out of favor and was never used again by anyone 0:19:57.280 --> 0:20:02.159 in medicine, unfortunately I I cannot. In fact, it was 0:20:02.200 --> 0:20:05.879 the tortuous use of cold on non consenting individuals that 0:20:06.080 --> 0:20:10.119 led to cold therapy being dismissed as an illegitimate and 0:20:10.200 --> 0:20:15.040 groundless therapy, even when one doctor showed evidence to the contrary. 0:20:17.440 --> 0:20:21.000 While in medical school in the early twentieth century, Temple 0:20:21.080 --> 0:20:24.960 Fay was stumped by a question on a quiz, why 0:20:25.000 --> 0:20:31.280 does metastatic cancer rarely appear in the limbs? He had 0:20:31.320 --> 0:20:32.879 no idea. He was like, I don't know what to 0:20:32.920 --> 0:20:35.440 put here. So he asked his professor, like, hey, what's 0:20:35.760 --> 0:20:39.280 the answer to this? And his professor was like, I 0:20:39.320 --> 0:20:39.880 don't know either. 0:20:39.920 --> 0:20:44.840 Actually, why did they put it on the quiz? 0:20:45.080 --> 0:20:46.520 I don't know, I don't know. 0:20:47.320 --> 0:20:48.280 Okay, yep. 0:20:48.560 --> 0:20:52.399 But the puzzles stuck with him, and so in the 0:20:52.480 --> 0:20:55.960 nineteen thirties, Fay decided that he wanted to try to 0:20:56.000 --> 0:21:00.200 solve it. His primary hypothesis had to do with temperature, 0:21:00.400 --> 0:21:02.720 so he figured that parts of the body with higher 0:21:02.720 --> 0:21:07.400 temperatures were more likely to promote cancer growth, while cooler 0:21:07.440 --> 0:21:11.840 parts the extremities discouraged growth. It would stand to reason, then, 0:21:11.880 --> 0:21:14.639 that if you cooled a metastatic growth, you could arrest 0:21:14.680 --> 0:21:19.320 cancer development. So, operating under this logic, Fay devised a 0:21:19.359 --> 0:21:24.520 few local refrigeration experiments, first in chicken embryos than tissue culture, 0:21:24.600 --> 0:21:28.000 and then in humans. His first patient was a woman 0:21:28.040 --> 0:21:32.040 who was experiencing extreme pain from a cervical carcinoma. He 0:21:32.119 --> 0:21:35.280 inserted a device of his own making into the mass, 0:21:35.760 --> 0:21:39.040 like a hollow metal capsule through which water flowed in 0:21:39.080 --> 0:21:43.320 a closed system, and he set it to cooling. Forty 0:21:43.359 --> 0:21:47.600 eight hours later, the patient was pain free, and within 0:21:47.720 --> 0:21:50.560 five days the tumor had actually shrunk a fair bit 0:21:50.600 --> 0:21:54.359 around the edges of wow. The results encouraged Fay to 0:21:54.440 --> 0:21:58.439 invent more cooling instruments and setups rubber bags, tubing ice baths, 0:21:58.480 --> 0:22:01.680 and he tested out his hypothesis on other cancer patients. 0:22:02.840 --> 0:22:07.400 His results suggested he was onto something. Ninety five percent 0:22:07.480 --> 0:22:12.000 of his patients reported an alleviation in pain, and twenty 0:22:12.000 --> 0:22:14.679 to twenty five percent reported that their tumors shrank or 0:22:14.760 --> 0:22:17.919 grew more slowly. I mean, this was the nineteen thirties, 0:22:17.960 --> 0:22:20.159 so keep in mind that, like other treatment options for 0:22:20.359 --> 0:22:26.359 cancer were really limited. Yeah, and when he presented his results, 0:22:26.640 --> 0:22:31.879 the broader medical community was stunned. They had dismissed his 0:22:31.960 --> 0:22:35.280 ideas initially as just quackery, Like what do you mean, 0:22:35.280 --> 0:22:37.439 You're just going to refrigerate that body part and suddenly 0:22:37.520 --> 0:22:40.160 you're all healed. And now they're like, hey, actually, maybe 0:22:40.160 --> 0:22:43.200 there is something to therapeutic cooling. What other applications can 0:22:43.240 --> 0:22:48.520 we find for this? And Fay himself would have likely 0:22:48.600 --> 0:22:51.879 gone on to develop his cold therapy further if a 0:22:51.920 --> 0:22:56.040 couple of things had not happened. The first was a 0:22:56.119 --> 0:22:59.560 series of cold therapy programs that began in the nineteen 0:22:59.600 --> 0:23:02.920 forties at a few hospitals in the US, notably McLain 0:23:03.000 --> 0:23:08.199 Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. Doctors would administer barbiturates to the 0:23:08.240 --> 0:23:11.960 patients of theirs who were the most seriously debilitated by 0:23:11.960 --> 0:23:14.919 mental illness, and then place them in cold water for 0:23:15.040 --> 0:23:19.680 periods ranging from ten to thirty eight hours. Oh jeez. Yeah, 0:23:20.200 --> 0:23:23.439