WEBVTT - Why Garden Cities Aren't Enough ft. Andrew 0:00:05.040 --> 0:00:08.800 Hello and welcome. It could happen here with me Andrew 0:00:08.920 --> 0:00:12.280 of the YouTube channel andrewism and today I'm joined by 0:00:12.600 --> 0:00:19.000 Miya and care Hello. Hello, Hello, Hello, and I want 0:00:19.000 --> 0:00:23.119 to talk about cities because I very recently published a 0:00:23.200 --> 0:00:26.000 video on Sula Punk City Planet. I mean, I don't 0:00:26.000 --> 0:00:29.240 know why you're all gonna hear this podcast, but I 0:00:29.280 --> 0:00:32.760 did recently publish it, and you can check that out 0:00:32.760 --> 0:00:35.279 of my channel. And I thought i'd share a bit 0:00:35.320 --> 0:00:39.519 about a bit more about one particular historical urban planet 0:00:39.520 --> 0:00:42.360 movement that I talk about in that video, and that 0:00:42.520 --> 0:00:48.280 is Ebanez A. Howard's Garden Cities movement and his book 0:00:48.680 --> 0:00:53.680 Garden Cities of Tomorrow. Are all familiar with either, No, 0:00:55.320 --> 0:01:02.040 I don't think so. Yeah, so Ebane's A Howard. Side note, 0:01:02.080 --> 0:01:03.520 by the way, I don't know who looks at a 0:01:03.600 --> 0:01:08.520 child and names them Abnez A. Howard, But he presented 0:01:08.520 --> 0:01:12.200 this idea of the garden city concept in eighteen ninety 0:01:12.240 --> 0:01:15.480 eight in a book called Tomorrow, A Peaceful Path through 0:01:15.600 --> 0:01:19.240 Real Reform. Later he republished in nineteen or two under 0:01:19.240 --> 0:01:22.560 the name of Garden Cities or Tomorrow, and take notes 0:01:22.760 --> 0:01:25.120 in the title of the book of the use of 0:01:25.880 --> 0:01:29.839 reform and peaceful path because it does highlight a noticeable 0:01:29.920 --> 0:01:34.480 lack within Howard's vision that will discuss later. He wants 0:01:34.520 --> 0:01:37.680 to provide access to the benefits of both town living 0:01:38.040 --> 0:01:40.720 and a country living. As he describes, a town and 0:01:40.800 --> 0:01:44.440 country are like magnets drawing people to them, you know. So, 0:01:44.520 --> 0:01:50.320 According to him, town offers vibrant society and opportunity and transportation, 0:01:50.840 --> 0:01:53.840 but it lacks the beauty of nature. It has pollution, 0:01:53.880 --> 0:01:56.680 and has crowded, it has disease. I mean, this is 0:01:57.360 --> 0:02:02.240 Victoria and era cities. He's talking about place with stink 0:02:03.080 --> 0:02:06.840 um in contrast, and the country and country offers the 0:02:06.880 --> 0:02:10.040 space and the beauty of nature and it's abundance, but 0:02:10.160 --> 0:02:13.200 it lacks society and it can feel isolated, and it 0:02:13.240 --> 0:02:16.320 really spread out. So you wanted to create a hybrid 0:02:16.400 --> 0:02:20.600 of both concepts, a third magnet of town country, the 0:02:20.680 --> 0:02:25.240 combined the benefits of both. I believe the secret. Sorry, 0:02:25.280 --> 0:02:27.000 I have to. I have to jump in here and 0:02:27.040 --> 0:02:31.079 make a secret, secret third thing. Yes, yes, thank you, Yeah, 0:02:31.960 --> 0:02:35.120 that country, but a secret third thing. We fulfilled our 0:02:35.200 --> 0:02:38.560 We fulfilled our contractual obligations. One joke, all right, I'm 0:02:38.560 --> 0:02:40.680 got a side optical, Andrew, you take it from here. 0:02:43.000 --> 0:02:45.840 So yeah, a secret third thing, how I would believe 0:02:45.880 --> 0:02:49.440 that the ideal living conditions for people of all economic 0:02:49.520 --> 0:02:53.880 backgrounds could be created by establishing these town country cities 0:02:54.120 --> 0:03:00.480 with very specific parameters, run by strong government institutions. And 0:03:00.560 --> 0:03:05.799 Ebenezer Howard's context. Again, no offense to the ebenez As 0:03:05.880 --> 0:03:08.640 the world. But jeez, I can't. I can't let go 0:03:08.680 --> 0:03:12.120 of those amplications. I think I think we need to 0:03:12.160 --> 0:03:15.600 bring back the name Ebenezer. Actually it's it's it's been 0:03:15.639 --> 0:03:18.560 too long since I've seen an infant named Ebenezer, meaning 0:03:18.600 --> 0:03:21.560 I've never seen one. I think I feel like we 0:03:21.600 --> 0:03:25.720 should see more. Just absolutely absurd. All the timing names. 0:03:26.480 --> 0:03:27.959 What do you what do you call the baby? Do 0:03:27.960 --> 0:03:30.960 you call them ebby or something like? How do you 0:03:31.000 --> 0:03:35.120 call the baby Ebenezer? The baby's name? Why would you 0:03:35.120 --> 0:03:39.080 you call it the baby's name? You could call it Nieza. 0:03:39.360 --> 0:03:46.400 You could eventually call it Weezaks, horrible nickname. That is awful. 0:03:46.840 --> 0:03:49.280 Oh yeah, that is okay. I'm here on the amplications. 0:03:49.560 --> 0:03:53.480 I do never I never want to hear that again. Yeah, 0:03:53.600 --> 0:03:57.280 I digress Howard's writing. I'm just gonna call them. Howard 0:03:57.360 --> 0:04:02.000 Howard's Rights in Journey Revolution was in response to well 0:04:02.160 --> 0:04:06.200 the Industrial Revolution, response to the urban slums, the pollution, 0:04:06.680 --> 0:04:09.680 the lack of access to the countryside, and much of 0:04:09.720 --> 0:04:12.680 his book is dedicated the idea that cities as they 0:04:12.720 --> 0:04:16.320 existed in his time were not sustainable in the long run. 0:04:17.040 --> 0:04:19.880 By the middle of the nineteenth century, over half of 0:04:19.920 --> 0:04:23.880 Britain's population lived in towns, and in nineteen hundred that 0:04:23.960 --> 0:04:27.840 proportion had a resun to over three quarters. But English 0:04:27.880 --> 0:04:32.960 towns and cities presented social environmental problems of an unprecedented scale, 0:04:33.600 --> 0:04:36.120 and much of Britain's history in that period could be 0:04:36.279 --> 0:04:41.240 connected with the efforts to ameliorate the frightening conditions that 0:04:41.279 --> 0:04:44.719 a lot of people lived in. When it comes to 0:04:44.800 --> 0:04:49.400 the design, Howard wanted to create these highly structured, carefully 0:04:49.440 --> 0:04:54.359 laid out communities to provide the best conditions possible for 0:04:54.720 --> 0:04:58.440 every kind of person he saw. He wanted to put 0:04:58.480 --> 0:05:02.200 just like large areas of land from aristocratic owners as 0:05:02.200 --> 0:05:04.440 a setting up garden cities that would house up to 0:05:04.520 --> 0:05:09.400 thirty two thousand people in individual homes on six thousand acres. 0:05:09.440 --> 0:05:13.920 And that whole vision of individual homes is I think 0:05:14.800 --> 0:05:17.720 it belies a limitation the imagination there, but it's it's 0:05:17.720 --> 0:05:21.600 someone understandable considering the historical conditions at the time, where 0:05:21.600 --> 0:05:26.640 people were living in these overcrowded slums and stuff, and 0:05:28.200 --> 0:05:30.160 the dream was really to have a home of your 0:05:30.200 --> 0:05:32.880 own that you didn't have to crowd out. It didn't 0:05:32.920 --> 0:05:36.839 be crowded, you couldn't have to share with others. But anyway, 0:05:36.839 --> 0:05:39.360 I think a sustainable city should trade the sprawl that 0:05:39.520 --> 0:05:43.640 single family homes generate for more dense development. For the 0:05:43.640 --> 0:05:48.640 most part, that is, but I digress once again. That's 0:05:48.680 --> 0:05:51.640 not all his plan entailed. His garden cities would also 0:05:51.720 --> 0:05:57.000 include a huge public garden with public buildings like a 0:05:57.120 --> 0:06:01.919 town hall, lecture halls, theaters, and a hospitepital, an enormous 0:06:02.160 --> 0:06:05.960 arcade called the Crystal Palace not arcadies in video game, 0:06:07.600 --> 0:06:12.200 where residents would browse covered market and enjoy a winter garden, 0:06:13.480 --> 0:06:23.800 neighborhoods with cooperative kitchens and shared gardens, schools, playgrounds and churches, factories, warehouses, farms, workshops, 0:06:23.880 --> 0:06:27.920 and access to a train line. In its ideal form, 0:06:28.440 --> 0:06:31.880 the garden city to become a network of smaller garden 0:06:31.880 --> 0:06:36.599 cities built around the larger central town. The idealized vision 0:06:36.600 --> 0:06:40.520 of the garden city contained very specific utopian elements, like 0:06:40.600 --> 0:06:44.520 small communities planned on a concentric pattern that an accommodated 0:06:44.560 --> 0:06:49.279 housing industry and agriculture surrounded by green belts that would 0:06:49.279 --> 0:06:53.080 limit their growth. Now, there's a diagram that he did 0:06:53.279 --> 0:06:56.840 up for his book that has been popularized that represents 0:06:56.920 --> 0:07:00.760 like a sort of a concentric circle design. But he 0:07:00.839 --> 0:07:04.520 didn't believe that that necessarily had to be the shape 0:07:05.080 --> 0:07:07.680 of the garden city. He still wanted the city to 0:07:07.680 --> 0:07:12.960 be adapted to the local layout somewhat. And these elements 0:07:12.960 --> 0:07:19.120 of garden city design were all into dependent you know. 0:07:19.160 --> 0:07:23.080 He wanted strong community engagement, he wanted community ownership of land. 0:07:23.560 --> 0:07:27.160 Although he wasn't a socialist, mind you. He was a Georgeist. 0:07:29.040 --> 0:07:31.680 Oh god, wait, that explains it. That explains so much 0:07:32.680 --> 0:07:36.480 about all of his politics. Of course, he was a Georgist. Yeah, 0:07:36.560 --> 0:07:43.520 quite an interesting crew of characters. He wanted mixed ten 0:07:43.600 --> 0:07:46.800 year homes and homes in types that were generally affordable. 0:07:47.560 --> 0:07:51.600 You know, to go on another digression, I find georgis 0:07:51.640 --> 0:07:57.640 Owe to be such an interesting fixation of a philosophy. 0:07:58.600 --> 0:08:02.080 It's like, you know, looking all the problems in society, 0:08:03.600 --> 0:08:08.960 and you know what, we need a land tax. That'll 0:08:09.000 --> 0:08:13.440 salt thing. I mean, obviously that's not all it is, 0:08:13.640 --> 0:08:17.720 to the to the that political philosophy, that economic approach. 0:08:17.840 --> 0:08:21.360 But I just found I just find it every time 0:08:21.360 --> 0:08:24.680 I think about it. I find it funny that it 0:08:24.800 --> 0:08:28.920 was just really like the whole movement was basically this 0:08:29.040 --> 0:08:37.320 one like um tax proposal. It's really that was the 0:08:37.320 --> 0:08:41.960 whole focus of it. Yeah, it's really funny too, because 0:08:42.000 --> 0:08:45.240 I mean it has one of the sort of largest 0:08:46.240 --> 0:08:50.400 like collapses of any ideology ever. Like it is like 0:08:50.440 --> 0:08:52.240 it was just a very like very it was. It 0:08:52.280 --> 0:08:54.520 was a big It was a big ideology. You know, 0:08:54.960 --> 0:08:59.680 it literally helped to develop the game, the board game 0:08:59.720 --> 0:09:01.520 and plea, you know what. It's like, it was a 0:09:01.600 --> 0:09:04.480 huge thing. This is something I've actually been looking into 0:09:04.520 --> 0:09:06.160 a lot. But I've been trying to track down some 0:09:06.200 --> 0:09:08.920 of the original like nineteen twenties copies of Monopoly that's 0:09:09.040 --> 0:09:12.720 more based on the second game. Yes, I've been trying 0:09:12.760 --> 0:09:16.240 to find the ones that were like pre pre pre 0:09:16.320 --> 0:09:20.280 Parker Brothers um and I've I've I found I found 0:09:20.320 --> 0:09:22.000 a few, a few, I found a few like two 0:09:22.000 --> 0:09:25.439 months ago, but before I could order them, it was 0:09:25.480 --> 0:09:27.640 sold to somebody else on eBay. So I've been trying 0:09:27.679 --> 0:09:31.600 to track down another another one in the UH in 0:09:31.640 --> 0:09:33.800 the past few months, and it's been a bit more challenging, 0:09:34.320 --> 0:09:38.840 just because I'm kind of a monopoly freak. Yeah, it's 0:09:39.080 --> 0:09:44.240 um it's really interesting to see how um that game 0:09:46.200 --> 0:09:50.480 was developed and then changed over time, and how Hasbur 0:09:50.600 --> 0:09:53.760 was stepped in? Isn't Hosbur Poker Brothers without was stepped in? 0:09:53.880 --> 0:10:01.760 And did there do to kind of basically rewrote the 0:10:01.840 --> 0:10:10.120 history of the board game entirely. Yeah, but anyway. Elements 0:10:10.160 --> 0:10:13.480 to the Garden City strong community engagement, communitytionship with land, 0:10:13.559 --> 0:10:17.080 mixed tenure homes, homes in type so generally affordable, a 0:10:17.160 --> 0:10:21.040 wide range of local jobs with easy commuting distances of homes, 0:10:21.440 --> 0:10:25.240 well designed homes with gardens combining the best of town 0:10:25.280 --> 0:10:29.200 and country, and green infrastructure that enhances a natural environment, 0:10:29.520 --> 0:10:33.640 with strong cultural, recreational and shopping facilities in addition to 0:10:33.800 --> 0:10:40.480 integrated and accessible transportation. It's not all sunshine and roses, though, 0:10:43.520 --> 0:10:45.440 I Mean you could look at the sort of the 0:10:45.480 --> 0:10:52.280 cream washing elements of the Garden City design and even 0:10:52.320 --> 0:10:55.000 in the time they were criticized. I mean, they were 0:10:55.040 --> 0:10:58.520 praised for being an alternative to the overcrowed industrial cities, 0:10:59.360 --> 0:11:02.199 but they were also criticized for damage in the economy, 0:11:02.280 --> 0:11:05.560 being destructive to the beauty of nature, and being inconvenient. 0:11:07.360 --> 0:11:11.559 You know, they weren't able to be Furthermore, because they 0:11:11.600 --> 0:11:15.520 had this sort of top down design philosophy, they weren't 0:11:15.520 --> 0:11:23.000 able to truly reflect the natural and organic developments of 0:11:23.360 --> 0:11:27.600 a town or a country, you know, so secretly thing 0:11:27.880 --> 0:11:31.760 couldn't do either other things that the original two stuff 0:11:31.760 --> 0:11:45.520 could do. And then of course you have the mustached 0:11:45.559 --> 0:11:50.000 man himself, Marie Bucchin, stepping in in the limits of 0:11:50.000 --> 0:11:55.679 the city to evicerate the idea of the garden city. 0:11:57.000 --> 0:12:02.160 He talks about how Howard's scheme was basically a system 0:12:02.160 --> 0:12:06.520 of benevolent capitalism that presumed to avoid the extremes of 0:12:06.559 --> 0:12:12.280 communism and individualism, and as a result, his entire book 0:12:12.480 --> 0:12:18.040 was quote permeated by an underlying assumption. So typically British 0:12:18.160 --> 0:12:21.000 that are compromise going to be struck between an intrinsically 0:12:21.040 --> 0:12:26.319 irrational material reality and a moral ideology of high minded conciliation. 0:12:27.400 --> 0:12:32.800 Microst Yeah, I feel like the most brutal part of 0:12:32.880 --> 0:12:38.680 that is just the typically British. Yeah, I mean anything learning. 0:12:38.720 --> 0:12:42.480 Look at really the plan that Howard had, you know, 0:12:42.640 --> 0:12:45.599 the offices and industrial factories and shopping centers that he 0:12:45.679 --> 0:12:49.840 intended to provide the garden city with. Those spaces are 0:12:49.960 --> 0:12:55.559 battlegrounds of conflicting social interests. You know, there's alienated labor, 0:12:55.679 --> 0:12:59.320 their income differences, their disparities of work time and free time. 0:13:00.440 --> 0:13:03.640 All all that conflict is not addressed just because you 0:13:03.720 --> 0:13:09.520 make a pretty city. You know, there's no resolution to 0:13:09.600 --> 0:13:13.280 the problems created under a capitalist factory office or shopping 0:13:13.400 --> 0:13:17.719 center just because you have a nice transit system and 0:13:18.800 --> 0:13:21.679 a green belt. I feel like some of some of 0:13:21.760 --> 0:13:24.240 these same problems to crop up on some of the 0:13:24.360 --> 0:13:26.800 solar punk stuff online as well. I mean we've an 0:13:26.880 --> 0:13:30.760 attacked him definitely greenwashing throughout the solar punk aesthetic and stuff. 0:13:31.200 --> 0:13:32.880 But yeah, I mean it is it is an interesting, 0:13:34.280 --> 0:13:37.400 an interesting, interesting aspect that keeps propping up, and it's 0:13:37.960 --> 0:13:40.920 just intriguing that it like dates back over a hundred 0:13:41.000 --> 0:13:46.679 years ago, like this same exact thing. Yeah, exactly, and 0:13:46.960 --> 0:13:51.640 funny enough, you know, his garden cities we even fallen 0:13:51.760 --> 0:13:56.840 short of utopias that were thought of before his time, 0:13:57.800 --> 0:14:02.240 you know, like not even just utopias, but also actual 0:14:02.400 --> 0:14:08.800 historical political experiments that you try to address various social problems, 0:14:09.520 --> 0:14:13.839 you know, Like unlike the Greek polis, which had some 0:14:14.040 --> 0:14:18.439 basis of face to face democracy, Howard just had a 0:14:18.520 --> 0:14:24.480 central council and a department structure based on elections. Unlike 0:14:24.560 --> 0:14:31.840 in Thomas Moore's utopia, there's no proposal for rotating agricultural 0:14:31.880 --> 0:14:36.240 and industrial work. Unlike the Paris Commune of eighteen seventy one, 0:14:36.840 --> 0:14:42.160 which was established long before Howard wrote his book, he 0:14:42.360 --> 0:14:45.360 had no sort of incorporation of that sort of political 0:14:45.560 --> 0:14:52.160 experimentation in the Garden city development. The criticism really is 0:14:52.200 --> 0:14:55.880 how superficial a lot of howards ideas are, right, Like, 0:14:56.000 --> 0:14:58.880 there was just a lack of social analysis analysis in 0:14:59.040 --> 0:15:05.840 favor of just design. Yeah, Georgism, Like sure it would 0:15:05.880 --> 0:15:09.360 probably be like better than what we have now. Well yeah, 0:15:09.360 --> 0:15:12.720 but but it by no means like fixes all of 0:15:12.760 --> 0:15:16.480 the systemic issue. It's like Amsterdam, right, I would rather 0:15:16.600 --> 0:15:22.560 have capitalism while riding a bike. But Bokchin also talks 0:15:22.600 --> 0:15:26.080 about how these communities not encompass the full range of 0:15:26.160 --> 0:15:31.040 possibilities a human experience again quote because you know Bukchen 0:15:31.240 --> 0:15:37.160 is Loki a boss. Right. Neighborliness is mistaken for organic 0:15:37.280 --> 0:15:40.680 social intercourse and mutual aid. Well manicured parks for the 0:15:40.760 --> 0:15:45.120 harmonization of humanity with Nietzsche. The proximity of workplaces for 0:15:45.160 --> 0:15:47.240 the development of a new meaning for work and its 0:15:47.280 --> 0:15:51.920 integrasement play, an eclectic mix of ranch houses, slab like apartments, 0:15:51.960 --> 0:15:56.680 and bachelor type flats for spontaneous architectural variety, shopping mark 0:15:56.760 --> 0:15:59.520 plazas in a vast expanse of lawn for the agora, 0:16:00.320 --> 0:16:05.160 lecture halls for cultural centers, hobby classes for vocational variety, 0:16:05.680 --> 0:16:11.080 benevolent trusts, so municipal councils for self administration. One can 0:16:11.160 --> 0:16:15.000 add endlessly to this list of misplaced criteria for community 0:16:15.320 --> 0:16:17.920 that saved to offer skate rather than clarify the high 0:16:17.920 --> 0:16:23.560 attainment of the urban tradition. Indeed, the appearance of community 0:16:23.960 --> 0:16:27.840 serves the ideological function of concealing the incompleteness of an 0:16:27.920 --> 0:16:34.400 intimate and shared social life. Again boom, you know, and 0:16:34.520 --> 0:16:36.080 people are brought together. You know, they have all these 0:16:36.120 --> 0:16:41.480 conveniences in these pleasant trees, but they're still culturally impoverished, 0:16:41.560 --> 0:16:46.960 they're still atomized, they still deal this stark reality of 0:16:47.240 --> 0:16:51.560 capitalism in the spaces that they're they're gonna inevitably spend 0:16:51.680 --> 0:16:55.080 most of their day at work. Like it's nice that 0:16:55.160 --> 0:16:57.760 the city is well designed, but how much of it 0:16:57.800 --> 0:16:59.440 are you going to get to see if you still 0:16:59.520 --> 0:17:02.840 have to go to work for eight hours plus a d. 0:17:04.359 --> 0:17:06.280 I mean, if anything, at least you know, the commune 0:17:06.280 --> 0:17:09.159 will probably be shure to But that's about it, and 0:17:09.280 --> 0:17:11.520 that's me if you get a job in the city itself. 0:17:12.600 --> 0:17:16.119 This is interesting because in some ways, the invention of 0:17:16.240 --> 0:17:19.720 the suburb in the in the years after this kind 0:17:19.760 --> 0:17:23.000 of tried to solve for this issue while also just 0:17:23.280 --> 0:17:26.520 doing it in an incredibly racist way. Like you can 0:17:26.560 --> 0:17:28.520 you can you can see the invention of the suburb 0:17:28.560 --> 0:17:31.200 of trying to create these little nestled communities but also 0:17:31.280 --> 0:17:36.480 getting away from the the the urban center, which was 0:17:36.720 --> 0:17:40.280 seen as this like scary place full of people who 0:17:40.359 --> 0:17:43.640 were non white. So you have like this white flight 0:17:43.760 --> 0:17:47.080 thing that developed this notion of the suburbs, which in 0:17:47.520 --> 0:17:51.119 some ways kind of does this but in a in 0:17:51.200 --> 0:17:55.320 a much worse way. Actually, it makes it makes the 0:17:55.359 --> 0:17:57.360 idea of the Garden City look like a much better 0:17:57.440 --> 0:18:00.720 alternative to what the suburbs did. And it's it's just 0:18:00.800 --> 0:18:03.440 interesting that even the version of this that got implemented 0:18:03.720 --> 0:18:05.160 was just done in a way that it's so much 0:18:05.200 --> 0:18:11.159 more dystopian and depressing. Yeah, I mean, and Bookchin addresses 0:18:11.200 --> 0:18:14.440 that that comparison to the suburbs as well. Right, he said, 0:18:14.520 --> 0:18:17.960 in the best of cases, the new towns differ from 0:18:18.000 --> 0:18:22.400 suburbs primarily because job commuting is short and most services 0:18:22.480 --> 0:18:25.679 can be supplied within the community itself. In the worst 0:18:25.800 --> 0:18:29.919 of cases, they are essentially bedroom suburbs of the metropolis 0:18:30.280 --> 0:18:33.359 and add enormously to its congestion during wook and hours. 0:18:34.040 --> 0:18:36.720 I can't I can't believe Bookchin beat me to the 0:18:36.920 --> 0:18:43.400 punch on this one. I'm devastated. This is the first 0:18:43.440 --> 0:18:46.520 time booctions ever has has ever has ever beaten me. 0:18:46.760 --> 0:18:52.720 This is this is this is truly terrible. So but 0:18:53.400 --> 0:18:56.320 despite some of these flaws and criticisms, how it was 0:18:56.359 --> 0:18:59.560 passionate about his idea, all right, I mean, he published 0:18:59.600 --> 0:19:02.720 the book. He also organized like he's actually he's not 0:19:02.800 --> 0:19:06.160 sitting on Twitter, right, He's actually doing something about his ideas. 0:19:06.680 --> 0:19:10.000 So he organized this Garden City Association in eighteen ninety 0:19:10.080 --> 0:19:13.160 nine in England to promote the ideas of social justice, 0:19:13.240 --> 0:19:17.240 economic efficiency, beautification, health and well being in the context 0:19:17.280 --> 0:19:23.359 of City Planet. That Garden City Association later became the 0:19:23.480 --> 0:19:26.200 Town and Country Plan and Association, which still exists to 0:19:26.280 --> 0:19:29.800 this day. Women played a very active role and continue 0:19:29.800 --> 0:19:32.320 to play very active role in the organization. I mean, 0:19:32.400 --> 0:19:36.280 as Howard says himself in his book, women's influence is 0:19:36.320 --> 0:19:39.640 too often ignored here that ladies, this guy's a feminist. 0:19:41.480 --> 0:19:44.399 But when the garden city is built as a chokey 0:19:44.440 --> 0:19:46.480 will be woman's share. And the work he found to 0:19:46.520 --> 0:19:48.840 have been a large one. Women are among our most 0:19:48.920 --> 0:19:56.280 active missionaries. And so he's doing some Abdullah shit now 0:19:56.680 --> 0:20:01.680 that yeah yeah, yeah, yeah, he's liberating life, you know. 0:20:05.000 --> 0:20:07.600 But yeah. The TCP in the Town Country Planet Association 0:20:09.040 --> 0:20:11.639 has continued to campaign for a new generation of garden 0:20:11.720 --> 0:20:17.080 cities based on modern modern garden city principles. They will 0:20:17.160 --> 0:20:21.399 cross sector and government influence policy in legislation. There is 0:20:21.440 --> 0:20:28.119 awareness through guidance and training. They promote affordable homes and inclusive, 0:20:28.280 --> 0:20:32.320 healthy and climate resilient places, and they try to create 0:20:32.640 --> 0:20:36.399 text world barriers opportunities and practical solutions necessary to make 0:20:36.520 --> 0:20:43.200 new garden cities a reality. They also are genuinely interested 0:20:43.280 --> 0:20:45.880 in empowering people to have a real influence over decisions 0:20:45.880 --> 0:20:49.280 about the environments and to secure social justice within in 0:20:49.359 --> 0:20:53.800 between communities, or at least that is what their website says. 0:20:56.119 --> 0:21:01.240 Outside of the TCPA, the idea of goden City definitely 0:21:01.320 --> 0:21:04.480 sort of rooted itself in urban planning and the urban 0:21:04.520 --> 0:21:08.040 planning tradition, and it did sort of feed into this 0:21:08.280 --> 0:21:11.159 rise of green spaces within urban landscapes that we now 0:21:11.320 --> 0:21:15.040 find around the world. The concept of the garden city 0:21:15.320 --> 0:21:20.320 is definitely still revisited today, but it's considerably different from 0:21:20.359 --> 0:21:25.879 the origin idea. It's also taken the garden city as 0:21:25.920 --> 0:21:31.800 an inspiration as an esthetic inspiration to create greater integration 0:21:31.800 --> 0:21:36.720 between urban areas and green spaces in a time though, 0:21:37.640 --> 0:21:42.520 going back to the late nineteenth early twentieth century, Howard 0:21:42.720 --> 0:21:45.840 was a successful fundraise again he was trying to get 0:21:45.920 --> 0:21:48.840 things going in the first years of the twentieth century. 0:21:48.880 --> 0:21:52.440 He built two garden cities, Letchworth Garden City and Wellwyn 0:21:52.760 --> 0:21:58.399 Garden City, both in Hertfordshire, England, and both still exist today. 0:21:59.680 --> 0:22:04.720 Let's ruth was originally quite successful. It was first you know, 0:22:04.800 --> 0:22:09.720 an ancient parish from like the eleventh century and remained 0:22:09.720 --> 0:22:11.679 a small rural village. And so the start of twentieth 0:22:11.760 --> 0:22:14.960 century when the land was purchased by a company called 0:22:15.000 --> 0:22:18.159 First Garden City Limited, which was founded by Howard and supporters, 0:22:18.960 --> 0:22:25.440 and they went on to establish the United Kingdom's first 0:22:25.560 --> 0:22:32.520 roundabout the Solar Shot Circus, a lot of urban like 0:22:33.080 --> 0:22:38.560 park land and open spaces, including a green space named 0:22:38.600 --> 0:22:44.639 after Howard called Howard Park. But after Howard's passing, the 0:22:45.040 --> 0:22:47.080 First Garden City Limited was sort of taken over in 0:22:47.160 --> 0:22:53.760 nineteen sixty and the company so it changed how the 0:22:53.840 --> 0:22:59.320 town was managed. The residents of the local council kind 0:22:59.359 --> 0:23:04.840 of lost some say the original Goden City ideals were reduced, 0:23:05.560 --> 0:23:10.440 and the corporation eventually became for the first the company 0:23:10.520 --> 0:23:14.399 created a cooperation transferred ownership to the corporation which was 0:23:14.640 --> 0:23:17.920 now called Letchworth Garden City Cooperation, and then that cooperation 0:23:18.040 --> 0:23:20.960 was replaced by a charter will body in the nineteen 0:23:21.080 --> 0:23:25.200 nineties called Letchworth god City Heritage Foundation, which continues to 0:23:25.240 --> 0:23:29.119 own and manage the estate to this day. Leachworth was 0:23:29.160 --> 0:23:32.199 a sort of an interesting experiment. The people who were founded, 0:23:32.280 --> 0:23:37.720 who helped to found that town, were very much otherworldly 0:23:37.840 --> 0:23:43.080 as some people would described them. They for example, they 0:23:43.160 --> 0:23:48.879 had some people describe them as health freaks. They actually 0:23:49.000 --> 0:23:54.159 voted on a ban to set against the selling of alcohol, 0:23:56.160 --> 0:23:58.919 a ban on the selling of alcohol in public premises? 0:24:00.880 --> 0:24:06.000 Oh boy, so which is I mean for a British village, 0:24:06.119 --> 0:24:09.920 right in the early nineteen hundreds to vote against having 0:24:09.920 --> 0:24:15.560 a pub? Unheard of? Right? They did eventually create a pub. 0:24:16.640 --> 0:24:21.000 That pub didn't serve any alcohol. Bumber bumber, hate to 0:24:21.040 --> 0:24:24.720 see it. Yeah, but lat truth was still like a 0:24:24.840 --> 0:24:28.040 real pioneer, you know. It's approached to blend in Tallent 0:24:28.119 --> 0:24:32.720 country was used in the Australian capital Canberra, in hell Rao, 0:24:32.800 --> 0:24:35.879 in Germany, in Tapanila and Finland, and in Messa Parks 0:24:35.920 --> 0:24:39.000 and that field, and of course in the other garden 0:24:39.080 --> 0:24:42.760 city well win. How what had arranged for that land 0:24:42.760 --> 0:24:46.280 to be purchased by a company called Second Gotain City Limited. 0:24:47.000 --> 0:24:50.119 Real creative there, And of first they were going to 0:24:50.200 --> 0:24:54.720 call the city digs Well, but a couple of days 0:24:54.800 --> 0:24:56.840 later they changed their mind, probably because they realized as 0:24:56.880 --> 0:25:00.600 a dumb name, and then they decided to call Yeah. 0:25:01.320 --> 0:25:03.440 I wasn't gonna say anything, but yeah, that's not that's 0:25:03.480 --> 0:25:06.920 not a great name. Yeah. And so the town is 0:25:06.960 --> 0:25:09.399 laid out along these tree line boulevards. It's sort of 0:25:09.440 --> 0:25:13.399 a New George and Town Center. Um. There's a lot 0:25:13.440 --> 0:25:16.920 of grass out of parks, as to be expected. And 0:25:17.520 --> 0:25:21.000 the planners had intended to create the Guarden City to 0:25:21.119 --> 0:25:25.560 have like one shop called Welwyn Stores, which was basically 0:25:25.760 --> 0:25:40.200 a monopoly that all the residents were expected to shop at. Lastly, 0:25:40.280 --> 0:25:42.560 I think I want to bring up one final inspiration. 0:25:42.600 --> 0:25:44.560 I was about to one on whether I would include 0:25:44.560 --> 0:25:45.960 this one or not, but I said, you know what 0:25:46.480 --> 0:25:49.440 I might be entertaining and I might want to talk 0:25:49.440 --> 0:25:55.560 about it further in the future. A certain character by 0:25:55.600 --> 0:26:02.160 the name of Walt Disney. Oh no, this is Epcot. 0:26:02.320 --> 0:26:05.760 This is this is this is the extramental prototypical City 0:26:05.800 --> 0:26:11.040 of Tomorrow. Yes, no, this is the Florida Project. Oh no, 0:26:11.520 --> 0:26:18.159 Disney's Epcot was designed in concentric circles with radiats. This 0:26:18.440 --> 0:26:26.200 is the worst job scare. Oh, but it should be noted, 0:26:26.520 --> 0:26:31.400 or rather should be expected that, unlike Howard, mister Disney 0:26:31.680 --> 0:26:35.800 envisioned having a lot of personal control over the day 0:26:35.800 --> 0:26:40.760 to day management of life in his city. So really, 0:26:40.840 --> 0:26:44.000 Epcot was only loosely inspired by Howard's idea of combining 0:26:44.080 --> 0:26:50.640 the populace with industry. Um, this city would have had 0:26:51.520 --> 0:26:55.360 a hotel at the center with more than thirty stories 0:26:55.440 --> 0:26:58.919 and a convention center. There would be an internationally themed 0:26:59.000 --> 0:27:04.199 town center. Um, there would be a mega mole. There 0:27:04.240 --> 0:27:09.680 would be themed restaurants, shops, and attractions. There would be 0:27:09.720 --> 0:27:15.760 a monorail. Yeah he was, he was a car free 0:27:15.840 --> 0:27:24.760 community advocate of Disney. Yeah. Like his plan was that 0:27:25.040 --> 0:27:29.800 nobody would drive in Epcot. Delivery trucks and other autobiles 0:27:30.080 --> 0:27:33.480 and other automobiles that needed to enter the city were 0:27:33.520 --> 0:27:36.200 to be kept underground. So it's kind of like a 0:27:36.280 --> 0:27:40.040 fusion of Ebone's ah what an elon musk that sucks? 0:27:40.320 --> 0:27:44.280 That sucks. Yeah. Also, this city would be climb a 0:27:44.400 --> 0:27:50.240 controlled with a glass roof. Yes, I mean, And it's 0:27:50.280 --> 0:27:53.040 funny because like he couldn't even do this properly, Like 0:27:53.200 --> 0:27:55.880 he couldn't even build this. Instead, instead they got turned 0:27:55.920 --> 0:27:59.840 into like a like a like a bare skeleton of 0:28:00.119 --> 0:28:03.560 his original plan. Was because Epcot will failed in so 0:28:03.800 --> 0:28:05.920 in so many ways, the reason being that he ended 0:28:06.000 --> 0:28:09.680 up dying right. Yeah, yes, Like even on his deathbed, 0:28:09.720 --> 0:28:12.320 he was still sketching up designs for epcots, so he 0:28:12.400 --> 0:28:20.359 never really got to implement it. Pro life Dictator dies anyways. Yeah, actual, 0:28:20.440 --> 0:28:25.040 like the actual like living communities in in Disney World 0:28:25.040 --> 0:28:29.200 Florida are are so different and in many ways they're 0:28:29.320 --> 0:28:33.000 They're just like another suburb, um, except you're in a 0:28:33.080 --> 0:28:39.120 suburb owned by Disney. Yeah yeah, And I mean it's 0:28:39.160 --> 0:28:41.440 gonna be a peek into what life would have been 0:28:41.520 --> 0:28:44.320 like on the epcot. Right, your home would have been 0:28:44.360 --> 0:28:48.760 pre fabricated and modula certain materials and technologies could be 0:28:48.800 --> 0:28:50.600 tested as soon as they were viable. By the way, 0:28:50.800 --> 0:28:52.920 why they have nothing against free fab homes. I think 0:28:52.960 --> 0:28:56.840