1 00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:08,800 Speaker 1: Hello and welcome. It could happen here with me Andrew 2 00:00:08,920 --> 00:00:12,280 Speaker 1: of the YouTube channel andrewism and today I'm joined by 3 00:00:12,600 --> 00:00:19,000 Speaker 1: Miya and care Hello. Hello, Hello, Hello, and I want 4 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:23,119 Speaker 1: to talk about cities because I very recently published a 5 00:00:23,200 --> 00:00:26,000 Speaker 1: video on Sula Punk City Planet. I mean, I don't 6 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:29,240 Speaker 1: know why you're all gonna hear this podcast, but I 7 00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:32,760 Speaker 1: did recently publish it, and you can check that out 8 00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:35,279 Speaker 1: of my channel. And I thought i'd share a bit 9 00:00:35,320 --> 00:00:39,519 Speaker 1: about a bit more about one particular historical urban planet 10 00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:42,360 Speaker 1: movement that I talk about in that video, and that 11 00:00:42,520 --> 00:00:48,280 Speaker 1: is Ebanez A. Howard's Garden Cities movement and his book 12 00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:53,680 Speaker 1: Garden Cities of Tomorrow. Are all familiar with either, No, 13 00:00:55,320 --> 00:01:02,040 Speaker 1: I don't think so. Yeah, so Ebane's A Howard. Side note, 14 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:03,520 Speaker 1: by the way, I don't know who looks at a 15 00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:08,520 Speaker 1: child and names them Abnez A. Howard, But he presented 16 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:12,200 Speaker 1: this idea of the garden city concept in eighteen ninety 17 00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:15,480 Speaker 1: eight in a book called Tomorrow, A Peaceful Path through 18 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:19,240 Speaker 1: Real Reform. Later he republished in nineteen or two under 19 00:01:19,240 --> 00:01:22,560 Speaker 1: the name of Garden Cities or Tomorrow, and take notes 20 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:25,120 Speaker 1: in the title of the book of the use of 21 00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:29,839 Speaker 1: reform and peaceful path because it does highlight a noticeable 22 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:34,480 Speaker 1: lack within Howard's vision that will discuss later. He wants 23 00:01:34,520 --> 00:01:37,680 Speaker 1: to provide access to the benefits of both town living 24 00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:40,720 Speaker 1: and a country living. As he describes, a town and 25 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:44,440 Speaker 1: country are like magnets drawing people to them, you know. So, 26 00:01:44,520 --> 00:01:50,320 Speaker 1: According to him, town offers vibrant society and opportunity and transportation, 27 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:53,840 Speaker 1: but it lacks the beauty of nature. It has pollution, 28 00:01:53,880 --> 00:01:56,680 Speaker 1: and has crowded, it has disease. I mean, this is 29 00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:02,240 Speaker 1: Victoria and era cities. He's talking about place with stink 30 00:02:03,080 --> 00:02:06,840 Speaker 1: um in contrast, and the country and country offers the 31 00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:10,040 Speaker 1: space and the beauty of nature and it's abundance, but 32 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:13,200 Speaker 1: it lacks society and it can feel isolated, and it 33 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:16,320 Speaker 1: really spread out. So you wanted to create a hybrid 34 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:20,600 Speaker 1: of both concepts, a third magnet of town country, the 35 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:25,240 Speaker 1: combined the benefits of both. I believe the secret. Sorry, 36 00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:27,000 Speaker 1: I have to. I have to jump in here and 37 00:02:27,040 --> 00:02:31,079 Speaker 1: make a secret, secret third thing. Yes, yes, thank you, Yeah, 38 00:02:31,960 --> 00:02:35,120 Speaker 1: that country, but a secret third thing. We fulfilled our 39 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:38,560 Speaker 1: We fulfilled our contractual obligations. One joke, all right, I'm 40 00:02:38,560 --> 00:02:40,680 Speaker 1: got a side optical, Andrew, you take it from here. 41 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:45,840 Speaker 1: So yeah, a secret third thing, how I would believe 42 00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:49,440 Speaker 1: that the ideal living conditions for people of all economic 43 00:02:49,520 --> 00:02:53,880 Speaker 1: backgrounds could be created by establishing these town country cities 44 00:02:54,120 --> 00:03:00,480 Speaker 1: with very specific parameters, run by strong government institutions. And 45 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:05,799 Speaker 1: Ebenezer Howard's context. Again, no offense to the ebenez As 46 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:08,640 Speaker 1: the world. But jeez, I can't. I can't let go 47 00:03:08,680 --> 00:03:12,120 Speaker 1: of those amplications. I think I think we need to 48 00:03:12,160 --> 00:03:15,600 Speaker 1: bring back the name Ebenezer. Actually it's it's it's been 49 00:03:15,639 --> 00:03:18,560 Speaker 1: too long since I've seen an infant named Ebenezer, meaning 50 00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:21,560 Speaker 1: I've never seen one. I think I feel like we 51 00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:25,720 Speaker 1: should see more. Just absolutely absurd. All the timing names. 52 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:27,959 Speaker 1: What do you what do you call the baby? Do 53 00:03:27,960 --> 00:03:30,960 Speaker 1: you call them ebby or something like? How do you 54 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:35,120 Speaker 1: call the baby Ebenezer? The baby's name? Why would you 55 00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:39,080 Speaker 1: you call it the baby's name? You could call it Nieza. 56 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:46,400 Speaker 1: You could eventually call it Weezaks, horrible nickname. That is awful. 57 00:03:46,840 --> 00:03:49,280 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, that is okay. I'm here on the amplications. 58 00:03:49,560 --> 00:03:53,480 Speaker 1: I do never I never want to hear that again. Yeah, 59 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:57,280 Speaker 1: I digress Howard's writing. I'm just gonna call them. Howard 60 00:03:57,360 --> 00:04:02,000 Speaker 1: Howard's Rights in Journey Revolution was in response to well 61 00:04:02,160 --> 00:04:06,200 Speaker 1: the Industrial Revolution, response to the urban slums, the pollution, 62 00:04:06,680 --> 00:04:09,680 Speaker 1: the lack of access to the countryside, and much of 63 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:12,680 Speaker 1: his book is dedicated the idea that cities as they 64 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:16,320 Speaker 1: existed in his time were not sustainable in the long run. 65 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:19,880 Speaker 1: By the middle of the nineteenth century, over half of 66 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:23,880 Speaker 1: Britain's population lived in towns, and in nineteen hundred that 67 00:04:23,960 --> 00:04:27,840 Speaker 1: proportion had a resun to over three quarters. But English 68 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:32,960 Speaker 1: towns and cities presented social environmental problems of an unprecedented scale, 69 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:36,120 Speaker 1: and much of Britain's history in that period could be 70 00:04:36,279 --> 00:04:41,240 Speaker 1: connected with the efforts to ameliorate the frightening conditions that 71 00:04:41,279 --> 00:04:44,719 Speaker 1: a lot of people lived in. When it comes to 72 00:04:44,800 --> 00:04:49,400 Speaker 1: the design, Howard wanted to create these highly structured, carefully 73 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:54,359 Speaker 1: laid out communities to provide the best conditions possible for 74 00:04:54,720 --> 00:04:58,440 Speaker 1: every kind of person he saw. He wanted to put 75 00:04:58,480 --> 00:05:02,200 Speaker 1: just like large areas of land from aristocratic owners as 76 00:05:02,200 --> 00:05:04,440 Speaker 1: a setting up garden cities that would house up to 77 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:09,400 Speaker 1: thirty two thousand people in individual homes on six thousand acres. 78 00:05:09,440 --> 00:05:13,920 Speaker 1: And that whole vision of individual homes is I think 79 00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:17,720 Speaker 1: it belies a limitation the imagination there, but it's it's 80 00:05:17,720 --> 00:05:21,600 Speaker 1: someone understandable considering the historical conditions at the time, where 81 00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:26,640 Speaker 1: people were living in these overcrowded slums and stuff, and 82 00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:30,160 Speaker 1: the dream was really to have a home of your 83 00:05:30,200 --> 00:05:32,880 Speaker 1: own that you didn't have to crowd out. It didn't 84 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:36,839 Speaker 1: be crowded, you couldn't have to share with others. But anyway, 85 00:05:36,839 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 1: I think a sustainable city should trade the sprawl that 86 00:05:39,520 --> 00:05:43,640 Speaker 1: single family homes generate for more dense development. For the 87 00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:48,640 Speaker 1: most part, that is, but I digress once again. That's 88 00:05:48,680 --> 00:05:51,640 Speaker 1: not all his plan entailed. His garden cities would also 89 00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:57,000 Speaker 1: include a huge public garden with public buildings like a 90 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:01,919 Speaker 1: town hall, lecture halls, theaters, and a hospitepital, an enormous 91 00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:05,960 Speaker 1: arcade called the Crystal Palace not arcadies in video game, 92 00:06:07,600 --> 00:06:12,200 Speaker 1: where residents would browse covered market and enjoy a winter garden, 93 00:06:13,480 --> 00:06:23,800 Speaker 1: neighborhoods with cooperative kitchens and shared gardens, schools, playgrounds and churches, factories, warehouses, farms, workshops, 94 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:27,920 Speaker 1: and access to a train line. In its ideal form, 95 00:06:28,440 --> 00:06:31,880 Speaker 1: the garden city to become a network of smaller garden 96 00:06:31,880 --> 00:06:36,599 Speaker 1: cities built around the larger central town. The idealized vision 97 00:06:36,600 --> 00:06:40,520 Speaker 1: of the garden city contained very specific utopian elements, like 98 00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:44,520 Speaker 1: small communities planned on a concentric pattern that an accommodated 99 00:06:44,560 --> 00:06:49,279 Speaker 1: housing industry and agriculture surrounded by green belts that would 100 00:06:49,279 --> 00:06:53,080 Speaker 1: limit their growth. Now, there's a diagram that he did 101 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:56,840 Speaker 1: up for his book that has been popularized that represents 102 00:06:56,920 --> 00:07:00,760 Speaker 1: like a sort of a concentric circle design. But he 103 00:07:00,839 --> 00:07:04,520 Speaker 1: didn't believe that that necessarily had to be the shape 104 00:07:05,080 --> 00:07:07,680 Speaker 1: of the garden city. He still wanted the city to 105 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:12,960 Speaker 1: be adapted to the local layout somewhat. And these elements 106 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:19,120 Speaker 1: of garden city design were all into dependent you know. 107 00:07:19,160 --> 00:07:23,080 Speaker 1: He wanted strong community engagement, he wanted community ownership of land. 108 00:07:23,560 --> 00:07:27,160 Speaker 1: Although he wasn't a socialist, mind you. He was a Georgeist. 109 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:31,680 Speaker 1: Oh god, wait, that explains it. That explains so much 110 00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:36,480 Speaker 1: about all of his politics. Of course, he was a Georgist. Yeah, 111 00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:43,520 Speaker 1: quite an interesting crew of characters. He wanted mixed ten 112 00:07:43,600 --> 00:07:46,800 Speaker 1: year homes and homes in types that were generally affordable. 113 00:07:47,560 --> 00:07:51,600 Speaker 1: You know, to go on another digression, I find georgis 114 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:57,640 Speaker 1: Owe to be such an interesting fixation of a philosophy. 115 00:07:58,600 --> 00:08:02,080 Speaker 1: It's like, you know, looking all the problems in society, 116 00:08:03,600 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 1: and you know what, we need a land tax. That'll 117 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:13,440 Speaker 1: salt thing. I mean, obviously that's not all it is, 118 00:08:13,640 --> 00:08:17,720 Speaker 1: to the to the that political philosophy, that economic approach. 119 00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:21,360 Speaker 1: But I just found I just find it every time 120 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:24,680 Speaker 1: I think about it. I find it funny that it 121 00:08:24,800 --> 00:08:28,920 Speaker 1: was just really like the whole movement was basically this 122 00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:37,320 Speaker 1: one like um tax proposal. It's really that was the 123 00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:41,960 Speaker 1: whole focus of it. Yeah, it's really funny too, because 124 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:45,240 Speaker 1: I mean it has one of the sort of largest 125 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:50,400 Speaker 1: like collapses of any ideology ever. Like it is like 126 00:08:50,440 --> 00:08:52,240 Speaker 1: it was just a very like very it was. It 127 00:08:52,280 --> 00:08:54,520 Speaker 1: was a big It was a big ideology. You know, 128 00:08:54,960 --> 00:08:59,680 Speaker 1: it literally helped to develop the game, the board game 129 00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:01,520 Speaker 1: and plea, you know what. It's like, it was a 130 00:09:01,600 --> 00:09:04,480 Speaker 1: huge thing. This is something I've actually been looking into 131 00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:06,160 Speaker 1: a lot. But I've been trying to track down some 132 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:08,920 Speaker 1: of the original like nineteen twenties copies of Monopoly that's 133 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:12,720 Speaker 1: more based on the second game. Yes, I've been trying 134 00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:16,240 Speaker 1: to find the ones that were like pre pre pre 135 00:09:16,320 --> 00:09:20,280 Speaker 1: Parker Brothers um and I've I've I found I found 136 00:09:20,320 --> 00:09:22,000 Speaker 1: a few, a few, I found a few like two 137 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:25,439 Speaker 1: months ago, but before I could order them, it was 138 00:09:25,480 --> 00:09:27,640 Speaker 1: sold to somebody else on eBay. So I've been trying 139 00:09:27,679 --> 00:09:31,600 Speaker 1: to track down another another one in the UH in 140 00:09:31,640 --> 00:09:33,800 Speaker 1: the past few months, and it's been a bit more challenging, 141 00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:38,840 Speaker 1: just because I'm kind of a monopoly freak. Yeah, it's 142 00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:44,240 Speaker 1: um it's really interesting to see how um that game 143 00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:50,480 Speaker 1: was developed and then changed over time, and how Hasbur 144 00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:53,760 Speaker 1: was stepped in? Isn't Hosbur Poker Brothers without was stepped in? 145 00:09:53,880 --> 00:10:01,760 Speaker 1: And did there do to kind of basically rewrote the 146 00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:10,120 Speaker 1: history of the board game entirely. Yeah, but anyway. Elements 147 00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:13,480 Speaker 1: to the Garden City strong community engagement, communitytionship with land, 148 00:10:13,559 --> 00:10:17,080 Speaker 1: mixed tenure homes, homes in type so generally affordable, a 149 00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:21,040 Speaker 1: wide range of local jobs with easy commuting distances of homes, 150 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:25,240 Speaker 1: well designed homes with gardens combining the best of town 151 00:10:25,280 --> 00:10:29,200 Speaker 1: and country, and green infrastructure that enhances a natural environment, 152 00:10:29,520 --> 00:10:33,640 Speaker 1: with strong cultural, recreational and shopping facilities in addition to 153 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:40,480 Speaker 1: integrated and accessible transportation. It's not all sunshine and roses, though, 154 00:10:43,520 --> 00:10:45,440 Speaker 1: I Mean you could look at the sort of the 155 00:10:45,480 --> 00:10:52,280 Speaker 1: cream washing elements of the Garden City design and even 156 00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:55,000 Speaker 1: in the time they were criticized. I mean, they were 157 00:10:55,040 --> 00:10:58,520 Speaker 1: praised for being an alternative to the overcrowed industrial cities, 158 00:10:59,360 --> 00:11:02,199 Speaker 1: but they were also criticized for damage in the economy, 159 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:05,560 Speaker 1: being destructive to the beauty of nature, and being inconvenient. 160 00:11:07,360 --> 00:11:11,559 Speaker 1: You know, they weren't able to be Furthermore, because they 161 00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:15,520 Speaker 1: had this sort of top down design philosophy, they weren't 162 00:11:15,520 --> 00:11:23,000 Speaker 1: able to truly reflect the natural and organic developments of 163 00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:27,600 Speaker 1: a town or a country, you know, so secretly thing 164 00:11:27,880 --> 00:11:31,760 Speaker 1: couldn't do either other things that the original two stuff 165 00:11:31,760 --> 00:11:45,520 Speaker 1: could do. And then of course you have the mustached 166 00:11:45,559 --> 00:11:50,000 Speaker 1: man himself, Marie Bucchin, stepping in in the limits of 167 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:55,679 Speaker 1: the city to evicerate the idea of the garden city. 168 00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:02,160 Speaker 1: He talks about how Howard's scheme was basically a system 169 00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:06,520 Speaker 1: of benevolent capitalism that presumed to avoid the extremes of 170 00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:12,280 Speaker 1: communism and individualism, and as a result, his entire book 171 00:12:12,480 --> 00:12:18,040 Speaker 1: was quote permeated by an underlying assumption. So typically British 172 00:12:18,160 --> 00:12:21,000 Speaker 1: that are compromise going to be struck between an intrinsically 173 00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:26,319 Speaker 1: irrational material reality and a moral ideology of high minded conciliation. 174 00:12:27,400 --> 00:12:32,800 Speaker 1: Microst Yeah, I feel like the most brutal part of 175 00:12:32,880 --> 00:12:38,680 Speaker 1: that is just the typically British. Yeah, I mean anything learning. 176 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:42,480 Speaker 1: Look at really the plan that Howard had, you know, 177 00:12:42,640 --> 00:12:45,599 Speaker 1: the offices and industrial factories and shopping centers that he 178 00:12:45,679 --> 00:12:49,840 Speaker 1: intended to provide the garden city with. Those spaces are 179 00:12:49,960 --> 00:12:55,559 Speaker 1: battlegrounds of conflicting social interests. You know, there's alienated labor, 180 00:12:55,679 --> 00:12:59,320 Speaker 1: their income differences, their disparities of work time and free time. 181 00:13:00,440 --> 00:13:03,640 Speaker 1: All all that conflict is not addressed just because you 182 00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:09,520 Speaker 1: make a pretty city. You know, there's no resolution to 183 00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:13,280 Speaker 1: the problems created under a capitalist factory office or shopping 184 00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:17,719 Speaker 1: center just because you have a nice transit system and 185 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:21,679 Speaker 1: a green belt. I feel like some of some of 186 00:13:21,760 --> 00:13:24,240 Speaker 1: these same problems to crop up on some of the 187 00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:26,800 Speaker 1: solar punk stuff online as well. I mean we've an 188 00:13:26,880 --> 00:13:30,760 Speaker 1: attacked him definitely greenwashing throughout the solar punk aesthetic and stuff. 189 00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:32,880 Speaker 1: But yeah, I mean it is it is an interesting, 190 00:13:34,280 --> 00:13:37,400 Speaker 1: an interesting, interesting aspect that keeps propping up, and it's 191 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:40,920 Speaker 1: just intriguing that it like dates back over a hundred 192 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:46,679 Speaker 1: years ago, like this same exact thing. Yeah, exactly, and 193 00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:51,640 Speaker 1: funny enough, you know, his garden cities we even fallen 194 00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:56,840 Speaker 1: short of utopias that were thought of before his time, 195 00:13:57,800 --> 00:14:02,240 Speaker 1: you know, like not even just utopias, but also actual 196 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:08,800 Speaker 1: historical political experiments that you try to address various social problems, 197 00:14:09,520 --> 00:14:13,839 Speaker 1: you know, Like unlike the Greek polis, which had some 198 00:14:14,040 --> 00:14:18,439 Speaker 1: basis of face to face democracy, Howard just had a 199 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:24,480 Speaker 1: central council and a department structure based on elections. Unlike 200 00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:31,840 Speaker 1: in Thomas Moore's utopia, there's no proposal for rotating agricultural 201 00:14:31,880 --> 00:14:36,240 Speaker 1: and industrial work. Unlike the Paris Commune of eighteen seventy one, 202 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:42,160 Speaker 1: which was established long before Howard wrote his book, he 203 00:14:42,360 --> 00:14:45,360 Speaker 1: had no sort of incorporation of that sort of political 204 00:14:45,560 --> 00:14:52,160 Speaker 1: experimentation in the Garden city development. The criticism really is 205 00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:55,880 Speaker 1: how superficial a lot of howards ideas are, right, Like, 206 00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,880 Speaker 1: there was just a lack of social analysis analysis in 207 00:14:59,040 --> 00:15:05,840 Speaker 1: favor of just design. Yeah, Georgism, Like sure it would 208 00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:09,360 Speaker 1: probably be like better than what we have now. Well yeah, 209 00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:12,720 Speaker 1: but but it by no means like fixes all of 210 00:15:12,760 --> 00:15:16,480 Speaker 1: the systemic issue. It's like Amsterdam, right, I would rather 211 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:22,560 Speaker 1: have capitalism while riding a bike. But Bokchin also talks 212 00:15:22,600 --> 00:15:26,080 Speaker 1: about how these communities not encompass the full range of 213 00:15:26,160 --> 00:15:31,040 Speaker 1: possibilities a human experience again quote because you know Bukchen 214 00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:37,160 Speaker 1: is Loki a boss. Right. Neighborliness is mistaken for organic 215 00:15:37,280 --> 00:15:40,680 Speaker 1: social intercourse and mutual aid. Well manicured parks for the 216 00:15:40,760 --> 00:15:45,120 Speaker 1: harmonization of humanity with Nietzsche. The proximity of workplaces for 217 00:15:45,160 --> 00:15:47,240 Speaker 1: the development of a new meaning for work and its 218 00:15:47,280 --> 00:15:51,920 Speaker 1: integrasement play, an eclectic mix of ranch houses, slab like apartments, 219 00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:56,680 Speaker 1: and bachelor type flats for spontaneous architectural variety, shopping mark 220 00:15:56,760 --> 00:15:59,520 Speaker 1: plazas in a vast expanse of lawn for the agora, 221 00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:05,160 Speaker 1: lecture halls for cultural centers, hobby classes for vocational variety, 222 00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:11,080 Speaker 1: benevolent trusts, so municipal councils for self administration. One can 223 00:16:11,160 --> 00:16:15,000 Speaker 1: add endlessly to this list of misplaced criteria for community 224 00:16:15,320 --> 00:16:17,920 Speaker 1: that saved to offer skate rather than clarify the high 225 00:16:17,920 --> 00:16:23,560 Speaker 1: attainment of the urban tradition. Indeed, the appearance of community 226 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:27,840 Speaker 1: serves the ideological function of concealing the incompleteness of an 227 00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:34,400 Speaker 1: intimate and shared social life. Again boom, you know, and 228 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:36,080 Speaker 1: people are brought together. You know, they have all these 229 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:41,480 Speaker 1: conveniences in these pleasant trees, but they're still culturally impoverished, 230 00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:46,960 Speaker 1: they're still atomized, they still deal this stark reality of 231 00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:51,560 Speaker 1: capitalism in the spaces that they're they're gonna inevitably spend 232 00:16:51,680 --> 00:16:55,080 Speaker 1: most of their day at work. Like it's nice that 233 00:16:55,160 --> 00:16:57,760 Speaker 1: the city is well designed, but how much of it 234 00:16:57,800 --> 00:16:59,440 Speaker 1: are you going to get to see if you still 235 00:16:59,520 --> 00:17:02,840 Speaker 1: have to go to work for eight hours plus a d. 236 00:17:04,359 --> 00:17:06,280 Speaker 1: I mean, if anything, at least you know, the commune 237 00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:09,159 Speaker 1: will probably be shure to But that's about it, and 238 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:11,520 Speaker 1: that's me if you get a job in the city itself. 239 00:17:12,600 --> 00:17:16,119 Speaker 1: This is interesting because in some ways, the invention of 240 00:17:16,240 --> 00:17:19,720 Speaker 1: the suburb in the in the years after this kind 241 00:17:19,760 --> 00:17:23,000 Speaker 1: of tried to solve for this issue while also just 242 00:17:23,280 --> 00:17:26,520 Speaker 1: doing it in an incredibly racist way. Like you can 243 00:17:26,560 --> 00:17:28,520 Speaker 1: you can you can see the invention of the suburb 244 00:17:28,560 --> 00:17:31,200 Speaker 1: of trying to create these little nestled communities but also 245 00:17:31,280 --> 00:17:36,480 Speaker 1: getting away from the the the urban center, which was 246 00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:40,280 Speaker 1: seen as this like scary place full of people who 247 00:17:40,359 --> 00:17:43,640 Speaker 1: were non white. So you have like this white flight 248 00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:47,080 Speaker 1: thing that developed this notion of the suburbs, which in 249 00:17:47,520 --> 00:17:51,119 Speaker 1: some ways kind of does this but in a in 250 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:55,320 Speaker 1: a much worse way. Actually, it makes it makes the 251 00:17:55,359 --> 00:17:57,360 Speaker 1: idea of the Garden City look like a much better 252 00:17:57,440 --> 00:18:00,720 Speaker 1: alternative to what the suburbs did. And it's it's just 253 00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:03,440 Speaker 1: interesting that even the version of this that got implemented 254 00:18:03,720 --> 00:18:05,160 Speaker 1: was just done in a way that it's so much 255 00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:11,159 Speaker 1: more dystopian and depressing. Yeah, I mean, and Bookchin addresses 256 00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:14,440 Speaker 1: that that comparison to the suburbs as well. Right, he said, 257 00:18:14,520 --> 00:18:17,960 Speaker 1: in the best of cases, the new towns differ from 258 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:22,400 Speaker 1: suburbs primarily because job commuting is short and most services 259 00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:25,679 Speaker 1: can be supplied within the community itself. In the worst 260 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:29,919 Speaker 1: of cases, they are essentially bedroom suburbs of the metropolis 261 00:18:30,280 --> 00:18:33,359 Speaker 1: and add enormously to its congestion during wook and hours. 262 00:18:34,040 --> 00:18:36,720 Speaker 1: I can't I can't believe Bookchin beat me to the 263 00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:43,400 Speaker 1: punch on this one. I'm devastated. This is the first 264 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:46,520 Speaker 1: time booctions ever has has ever has ever beaten me. 265 00:18:46,760 --> 00:18:52,720 Speaker 1: This is this is this is truly terrible. So but 266 00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:56,320 Speaker 1: despite some of these flaws and criticisms, how it was 267 00:18:56,359 --> 00:18:59,560 Speaker 1: passionate about his idea, all right, I mean, he published 268 00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:02,720 Speaker 1: the book. He also organized like he's actually he's not 269 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:06,160 Speaker 1: sitting on Twitter, right, He's actually doing something about his ideas. 270 00:19:06,680 --> 00:19:10,000 Speaker 1: So he organized this Garden City Association in eighteen ninety 271 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:13,160 Speaker 1: nine in England to promote the ideas of social justice, 272 00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:17,240 Speaker 1: economic efficiency, beautification, health and well being in the context 273 00:19:17,280 --> 00:19:23,359 Speaker 1: of City Planet. That Garden City Association later became the 274 00:19:23,480 --> 00:19:26,200 Speaker 1: Town and Country Plan and Association, which still exists to 275 00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:29,800 Speaker 1: this day. Women played a very active role and continue 276 00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:32,320 Speaker 1: to play very active role in the organization. I mean, 277 00:19:32,400 --> 00:19:36,280 Speaker 1: as Howard says himself in his book, women's influence is 278 00:19:36,320 --> 00:19:39,640 Speaker 1: too often ignored here that ladies, this guy's a feminist. 279 00:19:41,480 --> 00:19:44,399 Speaker 1: But when the garden city is built as a chokey 280 00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:46,480 Speaker 1: will be woman's share. And the work he found to 281 00:19:46,520 --> 00:19:48,840 Speaker 1: have been a large one. Women are among our most 282 00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:56,280 Speaker 1: active missionaries. And so he's doing some Abdullah shit now 283 00:19:56,680 --> 00:20:01,680 Speaker 1: that yeah yeah, yeah, yeah, he's liberating life, you know. 284 00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:07,600 Speaker 1: But yeah. The TCP in the Town Country Planet Association 285 00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:11,639 Speaker 1: has continued to campaign for a new generation of garden 286 00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:17,080 Speaker 1: cities based on modern modern garden city principles. They will 287 00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:21,399 Speaker 1: cross sector and government influence policy in legislation. There is 288 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:28,119 Speaker 1: awareness through guidance and training. They promote affordable homes and inclusive, 289 00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:32,320 Speaker 1: healthy and climate resilient places, and they try to create 290 00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:36,399 Speaker 1: text world barriers opportunities and practical solutions necessary to make 291 00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:43,200 Speaker 1: new garden cities a reality. They also are genuinely interested 292 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:45,880 Speaker 1: in empowering people to have a real influence over decisions 293 00:20:45,880 --> 00:20:49,280 Speaker 1: about the environments and to secure social justice within in 294 00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:53,800 Speaker 1: between communities, or at least that is what their website says. 295 00:20:56,119 --> 00:21:01,240 Speaker 1: Outside of the TCPA, the idea of goden City definitely 296 00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:04,480 Speaker 1: sort of rooted itself in urban planning and the urban 297 00:21:04,520 --> 00:21:08,040 Speaker 1: planning tradition, and it did sort of feed into this 298 00:21:08,280 --> 00:21:11,159 Speaker 1: rise of green spaces within urban landscapes that we now 299 00:21:11,320 --> 00:21:15,040 Speaker 1: find around the world. The concept of the garden city 300 00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:20,320 Speaker 1: is definitely still revisited today, but it's considerably different from 301 00:21:20,359 --> 00:21:25,879 Speaker 1: the origin idea. It's also taken the garden city as 302 00:21:25,920 --> 00:21:31,800 Speaker 1: an inspiration as an esthetic inspiration to create greater integration 303 00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:36,720 Speaker 1: between urban areas and green spaces in a time though, 304 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:42,520 Speaker 1: going back to the late nineteenth early twentieth century, Howard 305 00:21:42,720 --> 00:21:45,840 Speaker 1: was a successful fundraise again he was trying to get 306 00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:48,840 Speaker 1: things going in the first years of the twentieth century. 307 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:52,440 Speaker 1: He built two garden cities, Letchworth Garden City and Wellwyn 308 00:21:52,760 --> 00:21:58,399 Speaker 1: Garden City, both in Hertfordshire, England, and both still exist today. 309 00:21:59,680 --> 00:22:04,720 Speaker 1: Let's ruth was originally quite successful. It was first you know, 310 00:22:04,800 --> 00:22:09,720 Speaker 1: an ancient parish from like the eleventh century and remained 311 00:22:09,720 --> 00:22:11,679 Speaker 1: a small rural village. And so the start of twentieth 312 00:22:11,760 --> 00:22:14,960 Speaker 1: century when the land was purchased by a company called 313 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,159 Speaker 1: First Garden City Limited, which was founded by Howard and supporters, 314 00:22:18,960 --> 00:22:25,440 Speaker 1: and they went on to establish the United Kingdom's first 315 00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:32,520 Speaker 1: roundabout the Solar Shot Circus, a lot of urban like 316 00:22:33,080 --> 00:22:38,560 Speaker 1: park land and open spaces, including a green space named 317 00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:44,639 Speaker 1: after Howard called Howard Park. But after Howard's passing, the 318 00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:47,080 Speaker 1: First Garden City Limited was sort of taken over in 319 00:22:47,160 --> 00:22:53,760 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty and the company so it changed how the 320 00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:59,320 Speaker 1: town was managed. The residents of the local council kind 321 00:22:59,359 --> 00:23:04,840 Speaker 1: of lost some say the original Goden City ideals were reduced, 322 00:23:05,560 --> 00:23:10,440 Speaker 1: and the corporation eventually became for the first the company 323 00:23:10,520 --> 00:23:14,399 Speaker 1: created a cooperation transferred ownership to the corporation which was 324 00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:17,920 Speaker 1: now called Letchworth Garden City Cooperation, and then that cooperation 325 00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:20,960 Speaker 1: was replaced by a charter will body in the nineteen 326 00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:25,200 Speaker 1: nineties called Letchworth god City Heritage Foundation, which continues to 327 00:23:25,240 --> 00:23:29,119 Speaker 1: own and manage the estate to this day. Leachworth was 328 00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:32,199 Speaker 1: a sort of an interesting experiment. The people who were founded, 329 00:23:32,280 --> 00:23:37,720 Speaker 1: who helped to found that town, were very much otherworldly 330 00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:43,080 Speaker 1: as some people would described them. They for example, they 331 00:23:43,160 --> 00:23:48,879 Speaker 1: had some people describe them as health freaks. They actually 332 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:54,159 Speaker 1: voted on a ban to set against the selling of alcohol, 333 00:23:56,160 --> 00:23:58,919 Speaker 1: a ban on the selling of alcohol in public premises? 334 00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:06,000 Speaker 1: Oh boy, so which is I mean for a British village, 335 00:24:06,119 --> 00:24:09,920 Speaker 1: right in the early nineteen hundreds to vote against having 336 00:24:09,920 --> 00:24:15,560 Speaker 1: a pub? Unheard of? Right? They did eventually create a pub. 337 00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:21,000 Speaker 1: That pub didn't serve any alcohol. Bumber bumber, hate to 338 00:24:21,040 --> 00:24:24,720 Speaker 1: see it. Yeah, but lat truth was still like a 339 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:28,040 Speaker 1: real pioneer, you know. It's approached to blend in Tallent 340 00:24:28,119 --> 00:24:32,720 Speaker 1: country was used in the Australian capital Canberra, in hell Rao, 341 00:24:32,800 --> 00:24:35,879 Speaker 1: in Germany, in Tapanila and Finland, and in Messa Parks 342 00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:39,000 Speaker 1: and that field, and of course in the other garden 343 00:24:39,080 --> 00:24:42,760 Speaker 1: city well win. How what had arranged for that land 344 00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:46,280 Speaker 1: to be purchased by a company called Second Gotain City Limited. 345 00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,119 Speaker 1: Real creative there, And of first they were going to 346 00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:54,720 Speaker 1: call the city digs Well, but a couple of days 347 00:24:54,800 --> 00:24:56,840 Speaker 1: later they changed their mind, probably because they realized as 348 00:24:56,880 --> 00:25:00,600 Speaker 1: a dumb name, and then they decided to call Yeah. 349 00:25:01,320 --> 00:25:03,440 Speaker 1: I wasn't gonna say anything, but yeah, that's not that's 350 00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:06,920 Speaker 1: not a great name. Yeah. And so the town is 351 00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:09,399 Speaker 1: laid out along these tree line boulevards. It's sort of 352 00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:13,399 Speaker 1: a New George and Town Center. Um. There's a lot 353 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:16,920 Speaker 1: of grass out of parks, as to be expected. And 354 00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:21,000 Speaker 1: the planners had intended to create the Guarden City to 355 00:25:21,119 --> 00:25:25,560 Speaker 1: have like one shop called Welwyn Stores, which was basically 356 00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:40,200 Speaker 1: a monopoly that all the residents were expected to shop at. Lastly, 357 00:25:40,280 --> 00:25:42,560 Speaker 1: I think I want to bring up one final inspiration. 358 00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:44,560 Speaker 1: I was about to one on whether I would include 359 00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:45,960 Speaker 1: this one or not, but I said, you know what 360 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:49,440 Speaker 1: I might be entertaining and I might want to talk 361 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:55,560 Speaker 1: about it further in the future. A certain character by 362 00:25:55,600 --> 00:26:02,160 Speaker 1: the name of Walt Disney. Oh no, this is Epcot. 363 00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:05,760 Speaker 1: This is this is this is the extramental prototypical City 364 00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:11,040 Speaker 1: of Tomorrow. Yes, no, this is the Florida Project. Oh no, 365 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:18,159 Speaker 1: Disney's Epcot was designed in concentric circles with radiats. This 366 00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:26,200 Speaker 1: is the worst job scare. Oh, but it should be noted, 367 00:26:26,520 --> 00:26:31,400 Speaker 1: or rather should be expected that, unlike Howard, mister Disney 368 00:26:31,680 --> 00:26:35,800 Speaker 1: envisioned having a lot of personal control over the day 369 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:40,760 Speaker 1: to day management of life in his city. So really, 370 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:44,000 Speaker 1: Epcot was only loosely inspired by Howard's idea of combining 371 00:26:44,080 --> 00:26:50,640 Speaker 1: the populace with industry. Um, this city would have had 372 00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:55,360 Speaker 1: a hotel at the center with more than thirty stories 373 00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:58,919 Speaker 1: and a convention center. There would be an internationally themed 374 00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:04,199 Speaker 1: town center. Um, there would be a mega mole. There 375 00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:09,680 Speaker 1: would be themed restaurants, shops, and attractions. There would be 376 00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:15,760 Speaker 1: a monorail. Yeah he was, he was a car free 377 00:27:15,840 --> 00:27:24,760 Speaker 1: community advocate of Disney. Yeah. Like his plan was that 378 00:27:25,040 --> 00:27:29,800 Speaker 1: nobody would drive in Epcot. Delivery trucks and other autobiles 379 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:33,480 Speaker 1: and other automobiles that needed to enter the city were 380 00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:36,200 Speaker 1: to be kept underground. So it's kind of like a 381 00:27:36,280 --> 00:27:40,040 Speaker 1: fusion of Ebone's ah what an elon musk that sucks? 382 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:44,280 Speaker 1: That sucks. Yeah. Also, this city would be climb a 383 00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:50,240 Speaker 1: controlled with a glass roof. Yes, I mean, And it's 384 00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:53,040 Speaker 1: funny because like he couldn't even do this properly, Like 385 00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:55,880 Speaker 1: he couldn't even build this. Instead, instead they got turned 386 00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:59,840 Speaker 1: into like a like a like a bare skeleton of 387 00:28:00,119 --> 00:28:03,560 Speaker 1: his original plan. Was because Epcot will failed in so 388 00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:05,920 Speaker 1: in so many ways, the reason being that he ended 389 00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:09,680 Speaker 1: up dying right. Yeah, yes, Like even on his deathbed, 390 00:28:09,720 --> 00:28:12,320 Speaker 1: he was still sketching up designs for epcots, so he 391 00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:20,359 Speaker 1: never really got to implement it. Pro life Dictator dies anyways. Yeah, actual, 392 00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:25,040 Speaker 1: like the actual like living communities in in Disney World 393 00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:29,200 Speaker 1: Florida are are so different and in many ways they're 394 00:28:29,320 --> 00:28:33,000 Speaker 1: They're just like another suburb, um, except you're in a 395 00:28:33,080 --> 00:28:39,120 Speaker 1: suburb owned by Disney. Yeah yeah, And I mean it's 396 00:28:39,160 --> 00:28:41,440 Speaker 1: gonna be a peek into what life would have been 397 00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:44,320 Speaker 1: like on the epcot. Right, your home would have been 398 00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:48,760 Speaker 1: pre fabricated and modula certain materials and technologies could be 399 00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:50,600 Speaker 1: tested as soon as they were viable. By the way, 400 00:28:50,800 --> 00:28:52,920 Speaker 1: why they have nothing against free fab homes. I think 401 00:28:52,960 --> 00:28:56,840 Speaker 1: they could be very useful, um, But Disney's idea was basically, 402 00:28:56,960 --> 00:28:58,880 Speaker 1: your home is pre fab so that any time he 403 00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:04,040 Speaker 1: wanted to install an update on it, he could. It's great, 404 00:29:04,240 --> 00:29:06,320 Speaker 1: you know, like the entire city was basically like a 405 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:11,400 Speaker 1: guinea pig for any technologies he came up with. UM, 406 00:29:12,680 --> 00:29:16,080 Speaker 1: and so he wants to really retain absolute control of 407 00:29:16,120 --> 00:29:20,680 Speaker 1: the city, Like they wouldn't even own anything Disney alone 408 00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:23,400 Speaker 1: would own the land so that he and his successes 409 00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:26,320 Speaker 1: can make updates and changes without ever being snowed down 410 00:29:26,440 --> 00:29:31,000 Speaker 1: by this pesky thing called citizens votes and rights and 411 00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:34,240 Speaker 1: all that. It's funny because this is actually now under 412 00:29:34,280 --> 00:29:39,400 Speaker 1: attack by Ron de Santis in Florida. The sovereignty of 413 00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:44,080 Speaker 1: Disney may like change a lot, and I think already 414 00:29:44,120 --> 00:29:46,920 Speaker 1: stripped it. Yes, but but how this plays out in 415 00:29:47,040 --> 00:29:50,280 Speaker 1: actuality is yet to be determined. But it is funny 416 00:29:50,360 --> 00:29:53,120 Speaker 1: that this is actually like this is a very very 417 00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:55,720 Speaker 1: recent thing, Like it's just like a week or so. 418 00:29:56,160 --> 00:29:58,880 Speaker 1: But see what we can see here is one of 419 00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:02,240 Speaker 1: the inevitable transitions as as as we as we saw 420 00:30:02,320 --> 00:30:05,480 Speaker 1: in British colonial rule in India, which is that direct 421 00:30:05,560 --> 00:30:10,680 Speaker 1: corporate rules always replaced by injurrect corporate rule via the state. Yeah, 422 00:30:10,960 --> 00:30:14,720 Speaker 1: pretty much. Yeah, it's in some ways we will probably 423 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:17,400 Speaker 1: learn that it was better to live under Disney than 424 00:30:17,520 --> 00:30:22,160 Speaker 1: run Descantis. But that's not saying much. Next time he 425 00:30:22,280 --> 00:30:29,240 Speaker 1: opens up a discentist would No, no, it's just it's 426 00:30:29,280 --> 00:30:33,960 Speaker 1: just it's literally just like eighteen Giitmo exhibitions. Oh lord, 427 00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:37,840 Speaker 1: I mean, descentist world will just be the United States 428 00:30:37,920 --> 00:30:44,280 Speaker 1: when descents poidential election. True, sad but true. But let 429 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:46,600 Speaker 1: me tell you a bit more about Epcot. Right, if 430 00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:48,920 Speaker 1: you were eighteen, you know older, you have to have 431 00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:55,200 Speaker 1: a job. Well, so you don't get to retire. Nobody's 432 00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:57,800 Speaker 1: allowed to retire. You only get to stop working if 433 00:30:57,880 --> 00:31:07,760 Speaker 1: you either die or leave amazing one way out. Also, 434 00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:10,920 Speaker 1: and the reason being, he believed this would prevent slums 435 00:31:11,120 --> 00:31:14,920 Speaker 1: or ghettos from foremen in any part of his magical city, 436 00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:18,120 Speaker 1: because I mean, if everyone has a job, then nobody 437 00:31:18,160 --> 00:31:21,440 Speaker 1: will be struggling to pay rent or eat. Right. Funnily enough, 438 00:31:21,480 --> 00:31:23,680 Speaker 1: of course, a lot of Disney workers today can't afford 439 00:31:23,720 --> 00:31:31,720 Speaker 1: to pay rent or eat. But hey, the theoretically everybody 440 00:31:31,760 --> 00:31:35,560 Speaker 1: in Epcot would have their basic needs met. Also, though 441 00:31:36,840 --> 00:31:39,200 Speaker 1: in exchange for that, they wouldn't have any privacy because 442 00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:41,920 Speaker 1: Epcott was also supposed to be like a tourist attraction. 443 00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:44,360 Speaker 1: You know, you look outside you were new, and tourists 444 00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:48,720 Speaker 1: are like looking inside you were new. That was a 445 00:31:48,840 --> 00:31:54,560 Speaker 1: thing that was Epcot thankfully doesn't it wasn't fully implemented. 446 00:31:55,640 --> 00:31:58,560 Speaker 1: I mean, some people have said that Singapore is like 447 00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:02,760 Speaker 1: a dystopian city state run by Disney. But we could 448 00:32:02,760 --> 00:32:07,200 Speaker 1: talk about that him at the time. That's the basic 449 00:32:07,320 --> 00:32:13,000 Speaker 1: rundown on garden cities, past, present, and future. The idea 450 00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:16,479 Speaker 1: of it, I think was, you know, notable, admirable, good effort, 451 00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:22,000 Speaker 1: but flowed um and because it lacks a strong ideological 452 00:32:22,120 --> 00:32:26,320 Speaker 1: foundation and economic foundation and analysis that took into a 453 00:32:26,440 --> 00:32:31,760 Speaker 1: county contentions speak within society that you know, manifests in 454 00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:37,640 Speaker 1: the urban landscape. And I think it's a clear warning 455 00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:40,360 Speaker 1: that for solo punks and for really people who are 456 00:32:40,360 --> 00:32:43,400 Speaker 1: interested in urban planet as a whole, that you know, 457 00:32:43,520 --> 00:32:47,040 Speaker 1: aesthetics is not everything. Design is not everything. You know, 458 00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:51,240 Speaker 1: they asked me some some meat to those um, let's 459 00:32:51,240 --> 00:32:54,800 Speaker 1: say some meats underneath that flesh. It's a really weird analogy, 460 00:32:54,920 --> 00:33:01,920 Speaker 1: but yeah, yeah, no, but like yeah, the principle of Okay, 461 00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:03,720 Speaker 1: I'm just gonna I'm gonna, I'm gonna abandon the Walter 462 00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:06,400 Speaker 1: Benjamin thing I was gonna do there, but no, try it, 463 00:33:06,640 --> 00:33:10,480 Speaker 1: keep keep going, keep We're gonna Benjamin thing I have 464 00:33:10,600 --> 00:33:13,000 Speaker 1: I have. I haven't actually read any of his stuff 465 00:33:13,040 --> 00:33:16,720 Speaker 1: in like five years, but one of Benjamin's things was 466 00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:19,480 Speaker 1: when politics is sort of displaced, you're converted into esthetic, 467 00:33:19,560 --> 00:33:22,880 Speaker 1: it becomes fascism. So don't do that. In fact, have 468 00:33:23,080 --> 00:33:25,880 Speaker 1: actual politics and not simply reduce your politics too an 469 00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:31,920 Speaker 1: aesthetic or to aesthetics, et cetera, et cetera. Yeah, true, true. 470 00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:35,800 Speaker 1: All right, Well that's it for me. You can follow 471 00:33:35,840 --> 00:33:38,600 Speaker 1: me on YouTube dot com slash Andreism, on Twitter at 472 00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:43,040 Speaker 1: er School of Saying True, and on picture dotcom slash Andreism. 473 00:33:44,040 --> 00:33:47,720 Speaker 1: You can find us at happen here pod or cools 474 00:33:47,760 --> 00:33:50,400 Speaker 1: on Media on Twitter and Instagram. Um, and you can 475 00:33:50,480 --> 00:33:54,560 Speaker 1: find me tweeting about my desire to understand the mechanics 476 00:33:54,640 --> 00:33:59,040 Speaker 1: of how Disney World operates at Hungry Boutie, mostly on Twitter. Yeah. 477 00:34:04,800 --> 00:34:07,160 Speaker 1: It could Happen here as a production of cool Zone Media. 478 00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:10,080 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from cool Zone Media, visit our website 479 00:34:10,120 --> 00:34:12,320 Speaker 1: cool zonemedia dot com or check us out on the 480 00:34:12,400 --> 00:34:15,760 Speaker 1: iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. 481 00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:18,520 Speaker 1: You can find sources for It could Happen Here, updated 482 00:34:18,600 --> 00:34:22,600 Speaker 1: monthly at Coolzonemedia dot com slash sources. Thanks for listening.