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Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature feature production of iHeartRadio. I'm your host of.

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Speaker 2: Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology and evolutionary biology,

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Speaker 2: and today on the show, we are talking about biomimicry.

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Speaker 2: It is when humans plagiarize from animals.

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Speaker 1: We are not.

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Speaker 2: Given any royalties to these creatures, and yet we use

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Speaker 2: them as inspiration for our inventions.

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Speaker 1: We're talking about shark.

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Speaker 2: Skin suits in a non hannibal elector way, butterfly money.

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Speaker 2: We're talking about gecko tape. And I have a guest

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Speaker 2: who is bringing up some mystery animals even to me,

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Speaker 2: So discover this more as we answer the age old

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Speaker 2: question have you ever rubbed a shark?

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Speaker 1: Joining me today is host.

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Speaker 2: Of the Maximum Fun Network podcast Just the Zoo of Us,

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Speaker 2: Ellen Weatherford, Welcome woo.

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Speaker 3: Nobody listening can see me dancing. I'm dancing.

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Speaker 1: Feel the energy.

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Speaker 3: Just imagine in your head that I'm dancing and it's

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Speaker 3: like really good, like I'm doing a really really like.

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Speaker 2: The subtle vibrations of the air waves into the microphone

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Speaker 2: as you dance does give an energy to the audio,

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Speaker 2: a dance energy. Ellen, have you ever have you ever

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Speaker 2: rubbed a shark.

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Speaker 3: I have rubbed a shark. It's kind of fun. How

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Speaker 3: you ask, because I just told this story like on

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Speaker 3: like two weeks ago, maybe on our podcast. So my

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Speaker 3: husband and I when we were just friends. This was

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Speaker 3: prior to our relationship with a bunch of other friends. Yeah,

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Speaker 3: I got shark. Sond We were out with a bunch

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Speaker 3: of friends on the beach in the middle of the night.

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Speaker 3: We were flying kites at like I don't know, eleven pm.

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Speaker 3: It's pitch black dark. I've got my dog out on

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Speaker 3: this beach. And she runs up and finds a dead

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Speaker 3: bonnet head shark on the beach. Yeah. This is in Florida,

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Speaker 3: by the way, I should have said. And Christian, who

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Speaker 3: is now my husband, picks it up and he's like,

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Speaker 3: you know, checking it out. He's he's looking at he's

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Speaker 3: interested in sharks and stuff. Sure, And I was like,

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Speaker 3: that's me, but I yeah. He's like, I'll mess with

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Speaker 3: it a little bit. And I have historically been absolutely

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Speaker 3: terrified of anything that lives in the water. I don't

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Speaker 3: want to touch it. If it's in the water, I

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Speaker 3: don't want to touch it. And so Christian asks me,

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Speaker 3: because he knows I'm I'm also just a perilously curious person.

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Speaker 3: And he says, do you know what a shark feels like?

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Speaker 3: And I was like, no, I don't. Uh what does

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Speaker 3: it feel like? He goes, I'm not gonna tell you.

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Speaker 3: I was like why not? And he's like, because I

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Speaker 3: think you should get over your fear and touch it.

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Speaker 3: It's dead, it can't do anything to you. So if

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Speaker 3: you want to find out what it feels like, you

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Speaker 3: got to touch it. And he knew that my curiosity

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Speaker 3: was going to get the better of me. And I did,

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Speaker 3: in fact touch the shark and.

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Speaker 1: I rubbed it how to feel.

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Speaker 3: I don't know if you want me to spoil what

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Speaker 3: the texture is. I've rubbed a.

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Speaker 2: Shark before, I've rubbed rays, I've rubbed sharks, I've rubbed

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Speaker 2: a lot of things. Your fear about touching things in

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Speaker 2: the ocean is actually pretty reasonable, because there are some

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Speaker 2: things that if you touch, you could die.

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Speaker 3: Most things will mess you up.

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Speaker 1: A lot of things in the ocean will mess you up.

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Speaker 2: Like if you see a little yellow octopus with its

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Speaker 2: adorable and it's got bright blue rings, and you know,

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Speaker 2: don't touch that one. It'll kill you with a touch

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Speaker 2: A toxin, So your instinct is correct. But usually a shark,

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Speaker 2: especially dead one, is not going to hurt you if

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Speaker 2: you rub it. So what did it feel like, Ellen,

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Speaker 2: when you were rubbing that dead shark.

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Speaker 3: So if you were to pet it as one would

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Speaker 3: a dog, when you pet it from like head to

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Speaker 3: tail in that direction, feels kind of like what you

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Speaker 3: would expect it to, like a sort of smooth feeling

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Speaker 3: from head to tail. But if you were to go

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Speaker 3: in the opposite direction, it is really really rough and

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Speaker 3: sand papery and like a like a really coarse grit

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Speaker 3: sand paper, like you could you could actually get a

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Speaker 3: rash from like rubbing it in the opposite direction.

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Speaker 2: In fact, researchers do sometimes get rashes, like when they

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Speaker 2: handle sharks getting too much.

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Speaker 3: It seems like the least cool injury you could get

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Speaker 3: when working with sharks.

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Speaker 2: It sounds like it sounds like you could be easily

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Speaker 2: misunderstood if you're like, I got a rash from rubbing

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Speaker 2: this shark. But yeah, it's it's not it's not ideal

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Speaker 2: thing to rub in the wrong direction, and it's actually

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Speaker 2: kind of reminds me a bit of cat tongues, you know,

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Speaker 2: like that, Yeah, like they're kind of smooth in one direction,

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Speaker 2: but they're super sand papery and rough in the other direction.

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Speaker 1: And have you ever liked.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, and they don't look that way, Like when you

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Speaker 3: just look at them, you can't.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, when you look at a distance, you're like, that's

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Speaker 2: just a little tongue that should feel gross and wet,

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Speaker 2: but it's like actually really rough. And when you look

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Speaker 2: at it more closely, you see all these like kind

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Speaker 2: of tiny like hooks, like it looks a little bit

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Speaker 2: like velcrow. And that's what causes that sort of coarse

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Speaker 2: texture with sharks. The thing that's causing that coarse texture

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Speaker 2: is denticles, which I.

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Speaker 1: Love the word. It is just such a fun word.

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Speaker 3: And dentical can' out stress enough the d at the

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Speaker 3: beginning delta, we're not talking about tentacles. They're not covered

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Speaker 3: in tiny little tentacles that would be LOVECRAFTI.

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Speaker 2: In I can only assume that denticles comes from the

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Speaker 2: same I'm gonna say Latin root as dentin or dental

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Speaker 2: meaning tooth, because it is these are tooth like projections,

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Speaker 2: and when you look at a shark skin close up,

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Speaker 2: it kind of looks like tiny teeth all lined up

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Speaker 2: kind of like dragon scales, I want to say, And

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Speaker 2: so it makes sense then, right, like imagine you're petting

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Speaker 2: a dragon, as I do all the time, and you're

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Speaker 2: petting it in one way where the scales are sort

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Speaker 2: of like the direction the scales are facing, then it

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Speaker 2: will be smooth. But if you pet against it, it's

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Speaker 2: gonna be really rough in sand paper. And so that's

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Speaker 2: why that shark feels like you could sort of you know,

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Speaker 2: finish a wood project, a table that you've.

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Speaker 1: Been working on.

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Speaker 3: This is my shark lathed.

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Speaker 1: Yeah you like.

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Speaker 2: You like this banister? I I evened it out with shark,

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Speaker 2: so uh yeah.

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Speaker 1: So they have these these.

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Speaker 2: These denticles and they are really interesting because they offer

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Speaker 2: these shark a few cool perks. One is obviously kind

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Speaker 2: of some armor, right, Like it makes their skin a

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Speaker 2: little harder, a little tougher, And you'd think that maybe

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Speaker 2: this is for like shark on shark sort of attacks,

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Speaker 2: but like it, which is true. It can make them

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Speaker 2: a little more tough endurable like against other sharks or

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Speaker 2: whales or large you know fish. But it has a

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Speaker 2: lot of use actually for the small things, so like barnacles, parasites, bacteria.

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Speaker 1: Even algae.

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Speaker 2: It the surface makes it harder for them to adhere to,

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Speaker 2: to stick to, and so there it's kind of like

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Speaker 2: you know, like if you have a section cup and

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Speaker 2: you put it on like glass, like that's stuck on

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Speaker 2: there forever and it's really hard to get it off.

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Speaker 1: But if you put it on like.

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Speaker 2: A wall that's kind of bumpy, you stick it on there,

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Speaker 2: it doesn't have as much like suction. It's harder to

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Speaker 2: like stick on there. Even though like barnacles don't necessarily

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Speaker 2: use like section to stick on things. It's like a

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Speaker 2: similar concept board. It's like their their adherence to the

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Speaker 2: shark is made more difficult by the fact that it

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Speaker 2: has this like sharp bumpy texture.

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Speaker 3: Like disrupts the sort of adherence to exactly. It's it's

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Speaker 3: funny that you say suction because the like, just two

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Speaker 3: weeks ago, I was talking to a researcher named Amani

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Speaker 3: Weber Schultz who studies were moras and they do suction

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Speaker 3: right onto like the underside or the side of a shark.

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Speaker 3: And a lot of the things we talked about was

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Speaker 3: that she actually studies denticals on different types of sharks

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Speaker 3: and was telling me about how not only do like

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Speaker 3: different species of sharks have different shapes of the denticals,

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Speaker 3: just like how different sharks have different teeth, right, Like

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Speaker 3: you can you can identify, like what shark a tooth

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Speaker 3: came from by the shape of it. And it goes

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Speaker 3: for the denticals too, that if you really zoom in,

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Speaker 3: you could look and like the denticals will have different shapes.

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Speaker 3: But then they'd have different shaped denticals on different parts

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Speaker 3: of their body, like the ones that the nose would

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Speaker 3: be different than the ones at the tail. She was

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Speaker 3: telling me about that, my mind was blown. Like she was.

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Speaker 3: She had some really amazing research that they did on

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Speaker 3: shark scales, because it is so much more complicated than

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Speaker 3: you might think. When you just look at a shark,

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Speaker 3: like you can't even really tell they have those now

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Speaker 3: they're tiny.

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Speaker 2: You really can only see them under a microscope and

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Speaker 2: you can feel them with your hand because of the roughness.

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Speaker 1: But yeah, that's interesting. I mean, like remoras are.

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Speaker 2: Not necessarily bad for sharks. It's a debate whether there

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Speaker 2: it's a mutualistic versus like a commensal relationship, meaning like

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Speaker 2: the remora might benefit more from the shark than the

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Speaker 2: shark benefits from the remorra, but the remorra is not

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Speaker 2: hurting the shark.

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Speaker 1: So like the I think it's interesting.

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Speaker 2: So like, I think the reason the remora can kind

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Speaker 2: of stick to the shark one thing is that the

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Speaker 2: remort is probably picking a part of the shark that's

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Speaker 2: a little smoother. Also, but also the remorra is larger

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Speaker 2: than say a barnacle, so it's like the larger it

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Speaker 2: is like if you stick a plunger to a wall,

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Speaker 2: you might get some suction where it's like a section cup,

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Speaker 2: you might not get it. I mean again, I'm not

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Speaker 2: saying that the small animals use like section necessarily.

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Speaker 1: It's just like the that surface.

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Speaker 2: Becomes as you zoom out, it becomes smoother, and then

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Speaker 2: as you zoom in, like when you're smaller and smaller,

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Speaker 2: that's even bumpier for you as a tiny animal trying

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Speaker 2: to like stick on to the shark.

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Speaker 3: It's funny how like physics works differently when you're just

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Speaker 3: tiny exactly. You know we're gonna talk about physics.

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Speaker 1: We're going to talk about that some more.

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Speaker 2: I mean, I'm I'm not like a doctor of physics

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Speaker 2: or of anything, despite what you might think in terms

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Speaker 2: of my you know, garage clinic, but no, I don't

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Speaker 2: have any like I don't have a great understanding of physics,

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Speaker 2: but yeah, it is. It is crazy. So the these denticles,

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Speaker 2: in addition to providing a hostile environment for like bacteria, algae, barnacles,

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Speaker 2: also reduce drag underwater, so it breaks up the resis

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Speaker 2: distance from the water and allows them to basically cut

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Speaker 2: more through the water. So like you know, just like

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Speaker 2: with air, will create drag, if you're a shark under

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Speaker 2: the water, you're also gonna encounter some drag, like the

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Speaker 2: resistance of the water against your shape and your body

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Speaker 2: that slows you down. And so by reducing drag, they

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Speaker 2: also so they make themselves more energy efficient, they make

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Speaker 2: themselves faster and quieter. All of this is very important

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Speaker 2: for an apex predator like a shark that wants to

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Speaker 2: be well, not always apex depends on the size of

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Speaker 2: the shark, but a shark that wants to be quiet,

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Speaker 2: it's an ambush predator generally speaking. And it also is

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Speaker 2: it benefits the shark to get to an animal quick

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Speaker 2: more quickly than say other sharks or other predators. So

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Speaker 2: all these things really benefit the shark, it also benefits

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Speaker 2: Olympic swimmers, or at least used to.

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Speaker 3: So.

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Speaker 2: The most obvious use of shark skin in terms of

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Speaker 2: human innovation is like a swimsuit to make us swim

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Speaker 2: good and speedo, which is apparently not just a type

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Speaker 2: of swimsuit. It's like a company made a swimsuit out

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Speaker 2: of basically like manufactured fake shark skin. It's not made

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Speaker 2: out of actual shark called fast skin that uses microscopic

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Speaker 2: structures that are similar to denticles to reduce drag, and

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Speaker 2: it was used by Olympic swimmers and it was so

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Speaker 2: good that, like in two thousand and eight, the Olympic

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Speaker 2: Committee was like, Okay, stop, you can't use this anymore.

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Speaker 2: Guys are going too fast, You're breaking too many records

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Speaker 2: and we don't like it, which seems weird to me

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Speaker 2: because it seems fun that we're getting people to be

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Speaker 2: faster and faster. I don't know, I'm not like an

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Speaker 2: Olympics uh expert. I don't really know what the term

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Speaker 2: for Olympics fans.

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Speaker 3: Is an Olympian OLYMPI I don't think that's.

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Speaker 2: Is that like, is that someone who's into the Olympics

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Speaker 2: or someone who competes in the Olympics.

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Speaker 3: I think it's actually someone who lives in Olympia, Washington.

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Speaker 1: Olympus heads, Olympics heads.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, so it's I feel like if I was in

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Speaker 3: that position where we're like, oh, we got to do

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Speaker 3: something about these guys swimming too fast with it. Instead,

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Speaker 3: just make the fast skin mandatory for everybody, right level

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Speaker 3: the playing playing field, but faster, everybody going as fast

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Speaker 3: as they can.

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Speaker 2: I think a good compromise is like, you can use

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Speaker 2: the fast skin, but you also have to dress like

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Speaker 2: a little shark, so like you need a little dorsal

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Speaker 2: sh need a little shark outfit.

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Speaker 3: Like when I was a kid, they sold these like

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Speaker 3: goggle like goggles that had the shark fin on and

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Speaker 3: also these like flippery sort of maybe this was Shark

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Speaker 3: Boy in lave a Girl tie in Merch, but they

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Speaker 3: definitely and March for that movie almost certainly.

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Speaker 1: That's a deep cut. But no.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, if okay, look compromise Merman and women mer people.

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Speaker 3: Put everyone in a murr person tail.

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Speaker 2: Everyone everyone gottaware Mermaid outfit shark, but the shark.

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Speaker 1: Kind the Murman, Merman and Mermaid.

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Speaker 2: Sorry, I feel like we should have more inclusive like

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Speaker 2: merh murpholk murfolk. That's it murfolks, and they have to

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Speaker 2: be shark based murpholk.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I think that's what everybody do. Make it mandatory

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Speaker 3: for everybody, then it's equal merfolcification.

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Speaker 2: So in addition to turning Olympians into murph folk, there

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Speaker 2: are other applications for man made dentacles. You can use

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Speaker 2: it to, like in paint to make the holes of

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Speaker 2: ships more resistant to barnacle attachment, and in medical settings

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Speaker 2: actually to prevent bacteria from growing on surface they're like

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Speaker 2: working on sort of they like basically surfaces in a

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Speaker 2: hospital make them more resistant to bacteria. One way to

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Speaker 2: do that would be to make the service disruptive to

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Speaker 2: the growth of bacteria by doing something similar to shirkskin

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Speaker 2: with like little projections. And then also to improve aerodynamics,

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Speaker 2: right like whend turbines, airplanes, it's a constant like air,

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Speaker 2: obviously different than water, but similar concept supply in terms

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Speaker 2: of breaking up wind reserves, wind resistance. So like some

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Speaker 2: things that work in terms of hydrodynamics might also work

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Speaker 2: in aerodynamics. And that is all I know about the

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Speaker 2: physics of this situation and nothing more.

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Speaker 3: We maybe at a disadvantage here, because I also, uh,

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Speaker 3: not only do I not know anything about physics, tried

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Speaker 3: to learn about physics. I took a physics class in

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Speaker 3: college and I immediately failed, like within two weeks. They

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Speaker 3: were like. I was like, they weally, I don't know

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Speaker 3: how you have an f already.

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Speaker 1: Because I want to.

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Speaker 2: I once answered a question so bad on a physics

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Speaker 2: test in high school. My teacher was like, wait, this

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Speaker 2: was you, and I said yes, and he was like

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Speaker 2: this made me so upset, and he was like heartbroken

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Speaker 2: that I would answer it so bad. He was like,

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Speaker 2: this made me really sad. I'm like, wow, I've broken

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Speaker 2: my teacher. I answered a question so bad.

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Speaker 3: I'm a biology person, leave me alone.

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Speaker 1: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: I don't even know what I was at that point.

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Speaker 2: I was a World of Warcraft person who wasn't No.

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Speaker 1: I was very studious.

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Speaker 2: I just sometimes would get very much in my own head,

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Speaker 2: like during a test, like overthinking it to the point

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Speaker 2: of writing a small paragraph that made no sense. Anyways,

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Speaker 2: I traumatized my physics teachers the point, So Ellen, you

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Speaker 2: have some you have some human innovations of your own

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Speaker 2: that you wanted to draw attention to.

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Speaker 3: I do. And luckily my first one ties in so

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Speaker 3: perfectly to the one that you were just fantastic because

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Speaker 3: you were talking about, you know, using animal adaptations for

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Speaker 3: increased fluid dynamics, right like better in the case of

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Speaker 3: shark skin, this is hydrodynamic, mineus aerodynamic. Nice. So to

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Speaker 3: kind of set the scene a little bit, it's Japan,

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Speaker 3: it's the nineteen nineties.

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Speaker 1: I'm already sold.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, Evangelian is huge city pop playing in the background.

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Speaker 2: I have a very limited understanding of Japanese culture in

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Speaker 2: the nineties outside of anime.

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Speaker 3: That's all I got. I'm so sorry, Like.

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Speaker 1: I am a rube, I'm not city pop is playing.

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Speaker 3: It's a vibe. Now. The original Shinkansen bullet tree had

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Speaker 3: a problem. They were way, way, way too loud. So

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Speaker 3: these bullet trains had this kind of like blunt, rounded nose,

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Speaker 3: and when the bullet train would go through a tunnel,

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Speaker 3: which these tunnels were often like around neighborhoods and offices

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Speaker 3: and places where people are going to be. So when

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Speaker 3: this train with the rounded nose would go through a tunnel,

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Speaker 3: they would make a booming sound. Every single time. It

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Speaker 3: would be like a sonic boom that would like wake

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Speaker 3: people up at night.

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Speaker 2: That sounds a bad I love train, it's not ideal. Yeah,

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Speaker 2: that would make me turn against trains.

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Speaker 3: Like I have lived with a train with train tracks

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Speaker 3: literally in our backyard, Like, yeah, we have a tram

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Speaker 3: that train would go by.

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Speaker 1: We have a tram that runs like right outside, and

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Speaker 1: it's fine because it's Oh.

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Speaker 3: We had a slight train, great trains going through a

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Speaker 3: backyard where like when the trains would go by, our

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Speaker 3: dishes would shake in the cabinets and you kind of

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Speaker 3: get used to it after a while. But this was

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Speaker 3: like this was a legitimate, like sonic boom that was

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Speaker 3: happening every single time of training.

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Speaker 2: It's like that's a form of torture to like wake

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Speaker 2: people up with loud noises.

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Speaker 3: Maybe it was intentional. I don't know. Maybe there was

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Speaker 3: some sort of CIA. I don't know.

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Speaker 1: Thomas the tank engine gone CIA.

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Speaker 3: He's an agent of the state. So this engineer named

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Speaker 3: ag Nakatsu had to figure out how to make them

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Speaker 3: quieter because this was a menace. Ag Nakatsu was also

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Speaker 3: a bird watcher. He spent a lot of time out

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Speaker 3: watching watching birds.

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Speaker 1: Am I right? What?

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Speaker 3: Oh my god? I could never would be so embarrassing.

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Speaker 3: I'd never do that my binoculars in the background.

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Speaker 1: I'd never get excited about gray tits.

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Speaker 3: I've never done that. I've never taken pictures from five

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Speaker 3: hundred feet away of a grebe that I wanted to

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Speaker 3: identify later. So being a birdwatcher, he knew about kingfish, which,

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Speaker 3: if you're not totally familiar with what a kingfisher is,

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00:20:03,680 --> 00:20:07,399
Speaker 3: it's kind of a stout shaped bird with a really

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Speaker 3: really long, really really pointy beak. A kuka burra is

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Speaker 3: a type of kingfisher. So he was familiar with kingfishers

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Speaker 3: with this really long, really pointy beak. Now, the important

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Speaker 3: thing is that kingfishers often dive into the water because

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Speaker 3: they eat fish. And when they dive into water, they

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Speaker 3: do it at really really high speeds. But they don't splash,

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Speaker 3: like they just kind of seamlessly like dive into the

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Speaker 3: water totally.

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Speaker 2: Like, yeah, it is beautiful, it is gorgeous.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, like these these guys are they have the game cornered.

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Speaker 3: It is beautiful. So the reason they're able to do

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Speaker 3: this is because their long, pointy, tapered beaks are pushing

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Speaker 3: the water to the side rather than in front, so

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Speaker 3: it's making the water go around their head and behind

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Speaker 3: them rather than like bunching all of it up in

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00:20:59,040 --> 00:21:02,520
Speaker 3: the front and making it splashed to the sides. So

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00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:06,359
Speaker 3: Nakatsu and his team gathered a bunch of data on

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Speaker 3: Kingfisher beaks, right, they did like you know, high speed

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00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:13,479
Speaker 3: videos and observations, and they measured the curvature of the

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00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:16,720
Speaker 3: beak and the length and the proportions and everything like that.

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Speaker 3: Used all of that, used what they learned from Kingfisher beaks,

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Speaker 3: and tested out simulations of different shapes of trains and

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00:21:24,680 --> 00:21:28,399
Speaker 3: settled on this long tapered It wasn't completely pointy in

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00:21:28,440 --> 00:21:30,840
Speaker 3: the front, but it was much less rounded than it

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00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:34,600
Speaker 3: had been originally. And so in nineteen ninety seven, the

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00:21:34,640 --> 00:21:39,160
Speaker 3: West Japan Railway Company introduces the five hundred series, which

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00:21:39,240 --> 00:21:42,720
Speaker 3: has a long pointed nose that mimics the beak of

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Speaker 3: a Kingfisher. And not only were the tunnel booms eliminated,

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00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:51,600
Speaker 3: so problem solved, Mission accomplished. We did it, boys, uh.

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00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:55,000
Speaker 3: But the trains were also so aerodynamic that they ran

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Speaker 3: faster and consumed less electricity, so they worked better than

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00:22:00,040 --> 00:22:02,199
Speaker 3: they did before, and they were cheaper to run, so

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00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:05,000
Speaker 3: all around total win.

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00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:09,159
Speaker 1: I'm looking at these trains and they're pointy. I like it.

399
00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:10,160
Speaker 3: It's a pretty train.

400
00:22:12,359 --> 00:22:17,000
Speaker 1: One. This is beautiful. I love these trains. It's so cool.

401
00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:18,440
Speaker 3: Girly pop train girl.

402
00:22:18,760 --> 00:22:23,600
Speaker 2: It's like she is man, she is ready, she is

403
00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:24,920
Speaker 2: slaying sleigh train.

404
00:22:25,960 --> 00:22:26,840
Speaker 1: That's fantastic.

405
00:22:26,920 --> 00:22:28,200
Speaker 3: This is maybe a kawai train.

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00:22:31,160 --> 00:22:36,760
Speaker 2: I certainly, yes, it's a Oh there's a hello kitty train.

407
00:22:36,880 --> 00:22:40,000
Speaker 1: Oh my god, man, that's very cool that.

408
00:22:40,200 --> 00:22:42,720
Speaker 2: This is so cool though, because I love it when

409
00:22:42,760 --> 00:22:47,080
Speaker 2: it's like there's an animal that looks because you look

410
00:22:47,080 --> 00:22:50,679
Speaker 2: at a kingfisher and it's they're adorable.

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00:22:50,880 --> 00:22:53,280
Speaker 1: Number one, they're also gorgeous.

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00:22:53,320 --> 00:22:58,040
Speaker 2: They are beautiful, right, especially like there's different kinds of species,

413
00:22:58,080 --> 00:23:00,560
Speaker 2: like you mentioned, some are more colorful than others, but

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00:23:00,600 --> 00:23:03,000
Speaker 2: there's ones that are like bright blue and orange, and

415
00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:03,640
Speaker 2: like even.

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00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:05,440
Speaker 1: Their beaks are quite pretty. They can be sort of.

417
00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:10,840
Speaker 2: Purply orange and they but the funny thing about them

418
00:23:11,119 --> 00:23:14,480
Speaker 2: is like they have proportional with their body. Their beak

419
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:16,159
Speaker 2: is huge and their head and.

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00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:17,200
Speaker 3: Their head is so big.

421
00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:19,679
Speaker 2: It's big, so they look like kind of like a bobblehead.

422
00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:22,960
Speaker 2: And their tail is really short and stumpy, and so

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00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:27,040
Speaker 2: they're not really built to be great flyers, like they're

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00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:30,520
Speaker 2: fine at flying, but it's really the the diving is

425
00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:34,320
Speaker 2: where they shine because otherwise they kind of they have

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00:23:34,400 --> 00:23:38,560
Speaker 2: a funny looking little body with a little stumptail, and

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00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:42,440
Speaker 2: so it is interesting because it's like we look at

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00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:46,119
Speaker 2: things like penguins and it's like, man, why would penguins,

429
00:23:46,600 --> 00:23:49,720
Speaker 2: you know, rid themselves of the ability to fly? That

430
00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:52,399
Speaker 2: flying seems really cool and really great, But then you

431
00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:57,320
Speaker 2: look at them underwater and they're beautiful swimmers, just elegant, amazing.

432
00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:01,280
Speaker 2: Same things with puffins, which actually puffins can fly, but

433
00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:03,320
Speaker 2: they you know, when you look at them underwater, they're

434
00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:06,560
Speaker 2: incredibly graceful. And these birds that look kind of like

435
00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:10,240
Speaker 2: they tend to be very cute as well, like puffins

436
00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:16,280
Speaker 2: Kingfisher's penguins. Somehow, being more hydro dynamic makes makes you cute.

437
00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:21,840
Speaker 3: And oh, I didn't mention like why the trains were

438
00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:24,480
Speaker 3: booming when they were going through the tunnel, because apparently

439
00:24:24,560 --> 00:24:27,399
Speaker 3: there's like this is once again getting into like the

440
00:24:27,440 --> 00:24:30,880
Speaker 3: physics of it, but when the train it's specifically when

441
00:24:30,880 --> 00:24:33,760
Speaker 3: the train is going through a tunnel at high speeds,

442
00:24:33,840 --> 00:24:37,040
Speaker 3: because the boom had not been an issue when trains

443
00:24:37,040 --> 00:24:40,280
Speaker 3: were slower, but when the trains are going really fast

444
00:24:40,280 --> 00:24:43,919
Speaker 3: through an enclosed tunnel, basically all of the air that

445
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:46,919
Speaker 3: the train is pushing up against bunches up at the

446
00:24:46,960 --> 00:24:49,440
Speaker 3: nose of the train and just kind of doesn't have

447
00:24:49,720 --> 00:24:52,440
Speaker 3: enough space around the train to escape. Yeah, because of

448
00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:53,000
Speaker 3: the tunnel.

449
00:24:53,119 --> 00:24:53,879
Speaker 1: Yeah.

450
00:24:53,960 --> 00:24:55,919
Speaker 3: Yeah, So it's bunching up all of the air and

451
00:24:55,960 --> 00:24:59,000
Speaker 3: creating this like air cushion up in front of the train,

452
00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:01,520
Speaker 3: so that when all that air gets pushed out of

453
00:25:01,560 --> 00:25:03,879
Speaker 3: the mouth of the tunnel, it just explodes.

454
00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:04,160
Speaker 1: Yeah.

455
00:25:04,200 --> 00:25:06,360
Speaker 2: It's like it's like you have a like you fill

456
00:25:06,359 --> 00:25:08,320
Speaker 2: a plastic bag with air and then you slap it

457
00:25:08,880 --> 00:25:11,600
Speaker 2: and it pops. It makes a big popping sound, but

458
00:25:11,680 --> 00:25:13,600
Speaker 2: you're doing that with like a train in a tunnel.

459
00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:17,840
Speaker 3: Yeah, So when trains were slower, didn't really have that problem,

460
00:25:17,960 --> 00:25:20,000
Speaker 3: right because you just like it just goes out there,

461
00:25:20,119 --> 00:25:21,480
Speaker 3: you know, it's it's not going.

462
00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:21,919
Speaker 1: That it's fast.

463
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:24,439
Speaker 2: Yeah, Like, I mean I think there's a there's a

464
00:25:24,560 --> 00:25:29,320
Speaker 2: similar reason, although obviously without the tunnel aspect, for sonic

465
00:25:29,359 --> 00:25:33,960
Speaker 2: booms for planes, right, Like it's like for super fast planes,

466
00:25:34,640 --> 00:25:39,959
Speaker 2: it's just like it is pushing the air, you know,

467
00:25:40,040 --> 00:25:42,919
Speaker 2: creating that sort of bunching effect even though it's like

468
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:46,560
Speaker 2: it's just going so so fast that it creates that

469
00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:50,240
Speaker 2: kind of like impact of like breaking through this like

470
00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:51,600
Speaker 2: cone of air.

471
00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:55,479
Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean you look at like jets, you know, like, oh,

472
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:57,960
Speaker 3: look at fighter jets, and they have the exact same

473
00:25:58,119 --> 00:26:02,080
Speaker 3: like shape of the nose as kingfisher beaks. Right, Like

474
00:26:02,119 --> 00:26:04,640
Speaker 3: it's it's nearly exactly the same. You can definitely see

475
00:26:04,680 --> 00:26:06,399
Speaker 3: like a lot. And also, you know, you look at

476
00:26:06,440 --> 00:26:09,760
Speaker 3: a fighter jet. I was just at the Boeing Museum

477
00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:13,120
Speaker 3: of Flight. The Museum of Flight is in like Tequila,

478
00:26:13,200 --> 00:26:14,879
Speaker 3: really cool, close to where I live, and I have

479
00:26:14,920 --> 00:26:16,639
Speaker 3: a three year old, so we've gone to the Museum

480
00:26:16,680 --> 00:26:20,560
Speaker 3: of Flight like fifty times. And the jets are weirdly

481
00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:23,080
Speaker 3: shaped almost exactly like a Kingfisher, not just in the

482
00:26:23,119 --> 00:26:26,520
Speaker 3: pointy knows, but the fact that like the wings are

483
00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:30,359
Speaker 3: not super long, the tail is pretty short, like the

484
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:32,760
Speaker 3: things that you were saying about, Like, yeah, the stumpy

485
00:26:32,760 --> 00:26:35,320
Speaker 3: tail right kind of like in a lot of different

486
00:26:35,359 --> 00:26:37,120
Speaker 3: ways reminds me of the Kingfisher's so.

487
00:26:37,200 --> 00:26:42,119
Speaker 2: Cool, it is, really, it's it's neat because the physics

488
00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:46,919
Speaker 2: that guide animal evolution is also something that we have

489
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:50,320
Speaker 2: to pay attention to and so all these things that

490
00:26:50,400 --> 00:26:54,080
Speaker 2: we develop are going to converge in terms of natural shapes,

491
00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:57,000
Speaker 2: either animals, plants, you know.

492
00:26:57,080 --> 00:26:58,280
Speaker 1: Water droplets, whatever.

493
00:26:58,400 --> 00:27:02,159
Speaker 2: Like we we can't even though we are inventors and

494
00:27:02,200 --> 00:27:04,800
Speaker 2: we can kind of do things like we at the end,

495
00:27:05,080 --> 00:27:08,840
Speaker 2: everything on our planet and in the universe has to

496
00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:12,080
Speaker 2: obey physics, and so we're gonna keep running into these

497
00:27:12,080 --> 00:27:15,280
Speaker 2: parallel structures, which is very cool. And I love that

498
00:27:15,359 --> 00:27:19,000
Speaker 2: there's these King Fisher trains that are sometimes pink and purple.

499
00:27:21,119 --> 00:27:22,840
Speaker 3: The cutter, the better, the cutter the better.

500
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:26,000
Speaker 2: I think that that cuteness may also have some kind

501
00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:28,919
Speaker 2: of like aerodynamic thing. I haven't proven it yet, but

502
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:30,240
Speaker 2: I'm gonna say.

503
00:27:30,560 --> 00:27:33,560
Speaker 3: Health design will always bend towards cuteness.

504
00:27:33,600 --> 00:27:35,760
Speaker 2: I feel like Hello Kitty will just like make the

505
00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:38,480
Speaker 2: air around the train and go like okay, like and

506
00:27:38,680 --> 00:27:41,840
Speaker 2: reduce wind resistance, because who can resist Hello Kitty.

507
00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:44,320
Speaker 3: The air simply steps around like right this way.

508
00:27:44,280 --> 00:27:47,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, right this way, ma'am, Miss miss Hello. I guess

509
00:27:47,600 --> 00:27:47,920
Speaker 1: is her.

510
00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:50,080
Speaker 3: Name, miss miss Kitty, Miss Kitty?

511
00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:52,720
Speaker 1: Okay, I did, I thought her first name's not Hello?

512
00:27:53,760 --> 00:27:56,000
Speaker 3: Please call me hello. Miss Kitty was my mother.

513
00:27:55,840 --> 00:27:58,199
Speaker 1: Sorry, miss Kitty. Yes, miss Kitty is my mother's name.

514
00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:01,240
Speaker 2: All right, well, where take a quick break and wait.

515
00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:04,679
Speaker 2: When we get back, we are going to discuss more

516
00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:11,240
Speaker 2: inventions inspired or one might say, stolen from animals. Okay,

517
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:16,960
Speaker 2: so let's talk about gecko feet, right, they're weird.

518
00:28:17,119 --> 00:28:17,919
Speaker 1: Huh.

519
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:20,440
Speaker 3: Always I'm always game to talk about gecko feet.

520
00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:24,720
Speaker 2: Gecko feet? Have you ever interacted with a gecko?

521
00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:26,280
Speaker 1: Boy?

522
00:28:26,520 --> 00:28:30,880
Speaker 3: Have I? I have had? No? Okay, so I've had

523
00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:34,359
Speaker 3: pet leopard geckos. But leopard geckos kind of don't count

524
00:28:34,400 --> 00:28:37,280
Speaker 3: for what we're talking about because they're actually like ground.

525
00:28:37,320 --> 00:28:40,160
Speaker 3: They don't climb or just like stick on things. Yeah,

526
00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:42,160
Speaker 3: the leopard geckos stay on the ground, so not important.

527
00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:42,960
Speaker 3: We'll forget about them.

528
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:45,760
Speaker 1: No, cute, don't forget about it.

529
00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:46,440
Speaker 3: You're cute.

530
00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:49,560
Speaker 1: There's stubby little tails. Their little face is so good.

531
00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:50,960
Speaker 1: You're so good.

532
00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:54,560
Speaker 3: But I did spend a couple of years working at

533
00:28:54,600 --> 00:28:56,760
Speaker 3: a pet store, and the pet store i worked at

534
00:28:56,800 --> 00:29:02,440
Speaker 3: sold crested geckos, which are the little the ones that

535
00:29:02,520 --> 00:29:04,600
Speaker 3: like it's like those sticky hands that you get at

536
00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:07,560
Speaker 3: the store, like you can just like smack them on

537
00:29:07,720 --> 00:29:10,360
Speaker 3: and they love just jump down on sides of stuff.

538
00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 3: Oh my god, those things scared me so bad because

539
00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:16,480
Speaker 3: I was always so scared to clean their cage because

540
00:29:16,480 --> 00:29:18,400
Speaker 3: I knew they were going to jump on and jump.

541
00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:21,400
Speaker 2: I had one, so like I had one in college

542
00:29:22,960 --> 00:29:25,680
Speaker 2: because we had you are not really technically allowed to

543
00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:27,560
Speaker 2: have pets, and says like, all right, how do.

544
00:29:27,520 --> 00:29:30,040
Speaker 1: I smuggle an animal into my room? Because I love them?

545
00:29:30,600 --> 00:29:32,040
Speaker 1: And so I got a crust a gecko.

546
00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:39,080
Speaker 2: I look, I feel like I was not well equipped

547
00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:41,960
Speaker 2: as a college student who has already sleep deprived to

548
00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:44,560
Speaker 2: give this leopard gecko its best life.

549
00:29:45,360 --> 00:29:46,080
Speaker 1: But I tried.

550
00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:49,520
Speaker 2: I would like feed it because like I would feed

551
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:57,920
Speaker 2: it baby food mixed with cricket powder, which was nutritionally sufficient.

552
00:29:58,040 --> 00:30:01,520
Speaker 2: But I fear that this poor get go was probably

553
00:30:01,760 --> 00:30:05,560
Speaker 2: very bored, and so like I would take it out

554
00:30:05,680 --> 00:30:08,160
Speaker 2: quite a bit and let it just jump around and

555
00:30:08,200 --> 00:30:10,280
Speaker 2: then freak out when I couldn't find it, because it's like,

556
00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:12,080
Speaker 2: oh god, I'm gonna step on it.

557
00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:13,320
Speaker 1: But then I'd always find it.

558
00:30:13,920 --> 00:30:17,960
Speaker 2: And it had these amazing feet that like when you

559
00:30:18,000 --> 00:30:21,240
Speaker 2: look at them, they're kind of flat and splayed out

560
00:30:21,800 --> 00:30:25,800
Speaker 2: and almost leaflike each toe and each toe would have

561
00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:27,880
Speaker 2: all these ridges and they're so.

562
00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:30,080
Speaker 3: Sticky, velvety, very velvety.

563
00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:34,840
Speaker 2: It's very soft, and they are They stick to walls,

564
00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:37,360
Speaker 2: they stick to my shirt, my skin, and yet there's

565
00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:38,480
Speaker 2: no residue left behind.

566
00:30:38,480 --> 00:30:40,480
Speaker 1: They're not slimy, they're not gooey.

567
00:30:40,520 --> 00:30:44,120
Speaker 2: There's no like glue like secretion that's coming out of

568
00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:46,240
Speaker 2: these guys. So it's like it's still this it's like

569
00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:51,080
Speaker 2: this weird sticky feeling, and yet when unless it poops

570
00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:54,760
Speaker 2: on me, there's no residue left behind, And so what

571
00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:57,080
Speaker 2: is what's going on with those feet?

572
00:30:57,600 --> 00:31:00,000
Speaker 1: So it's really incredible, and it.

573
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:02,880
Speaker 2: Involves physics that it's a little above my pay grade,

574
00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:06,400
Speaker 2: but I'll do my best. So they are not covered

575
00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:10,000
Speaker 2: in slime, but they have a bunch of these tiny ridges,

576
00:31:10,200 --> 00:31:14,080
Speaker 2: and each ridge is covered in hundreds of thousands of

577
00:31:14,160 --> 00:31:20,080
Speaker 2: microscopic hairs. And uh, these microscopic hairs use something called

578
00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:27,160
Speaker 2: weak Vanderval's force that helps them adhere to surfaces, which

579
00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:31,000
Speaker 2: you know Vander's valls you climb up zim so the

580
00:31:31,200 --> 00:31:34,400
Speaker 2: vander I think I used that joke the last time

581
00:31:34,440 --> 00:31:36,280
Speaker 2: I talked about these geckos, but you know.

582
00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:37,600
Speaker 3: Well I wasn't here.

583
00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:39,360
Speaker 1: So we're making the recycling.

584
00:31:39,400 --> 00:31:43,040
Speaker 2: Recycling is good for the planet, so recycling jokes must

585
00:31:43,040 --> 00:31:46,200
Speaker 2: also be good. So the Vanderwald's force is a weak

586
00:31:46,240 --> 00:31:50,040
Speaker 2: electrostatic force that occurs when two molecules are really close

587
00:31:50,080 --> 00:31:53,520
Speaker 2: to each other, but not too close, so it's like this,

588
00:31:53,680 --> 00:31:55,640
Speaker 2: there's this like if they're too far, you don't have

589
00:31:55,680 --> 00:31:58,560
Speaker 2: to force it all. If you're too close, you actually

590
00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:01,000
Speaker 2: it's like a slight repair hell force, kind of like

591
00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:04,000
Speaker 2: when you hold two magnets together with the same polarity,

592
00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:05,200
Speaker 2: they kind of repel each other.

593
00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:06,840
Speaker 1: But if you're at this sort.

594
00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:11,880
Speaker 2: Of Goldilock zone, there's a slight weak attraction between these molecules,

595
00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:17,880
Speaker 2: and it has something to do with electron density, and

596
00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:23,480
Speaker 2: there sort of ends my ability to comprehend where it's

597
00:32:23,560 --> 00:32:26,480
Speaker 2: like there is like you know, but the general idea

598
00:32:26,480 --> 00:32:31,040
Speaker 2: of like electrons or molecules and electrons is that they're

599
00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:35,000
Speaker 2: usually trying to find some kind of balance of like

600
00:32:35,200 --> 00:32:37,760
Speaker 2: the number of electrons, and so if you have sort

601
00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:41,280
Speaker 2: of a lopsided electron density, you might have a slight

602
00:32:41,320 --> 00:32:44,800
Speaker 2: attraction to another molecule because they have like electrons that

603
00:32:44,840 --> 00:32:46,520
Speaker 2: are like, oh, I can sort of fill in this

604
00:32:46,840 --> 00:32:49,600
Speaker 2: space that's less dense or it could repel it, right,

605
00:32:49,680 --> 00:32:52,400
Speaker 2: like if it's like dense, and then it like kind

606
00:32:52,400 --> 00:32:53,480
Speaker 2: of pushes against the other.

607
00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:55,800
Speaker 3: And it may help people to know that like the

608
00:32:55,920 --> 00:33:01,000
Speaker 3: electrons themselves have like a negative electric char yes, and

609
00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:03,680
Speaker 3: the protons and the nucleus of the atom have a

610
00:33:03,720 --> 00:33:07,280
Speaker 3: positive electric charge. Or like you can get like just

611
00:33:07,280 --> 00:33:09,480
Speaker 3: like how magnets have like a north and south pole, right,

612
00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:14,800
Speaker 3: like a positive and negative positively charged areas attract negatively

613
00:33:14,920 --> 00:33:18,000
Speaker 3: charged areas. But if the negatively charged areas are too

614
00:33:18,040 --> 00:33:19,719
Speaker 3: close together, then they be like no, no, no, no, no,

615
00:33:19,720 --> 00:33:21,360
Speaker 3: no exactly exactly.

616
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:24,960
Speaker 2: So, but it's so strange because it's like it's happening

617
00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:28,800
Speaker 2: on this extremely tiny scale, and then it's also like

618
00:33:28,920 --> 00:33:32,040
Speaker 2: you know, on the atomic scale. And then it's it's

619
00:33:32,080 --> 00:33:35,360
Speaker 2: something that the it's not just like a force that

620
00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:38,880
Speaker 2: is consistent. It depends on the position of molecules. Like

621
00:33:38,880 --> 00:33:41,479
Speaker 2: if they're too close, they are somewhat repellent, but then

622
00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:44,440
Speaker 2: if they're like just close enough, there's a slight attraction.

623
00:33:45,520 --> 00:33:47,040
Speaker 1: Physics is wacky.

624
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:49,120
Speaker 3: There's a sc I want to say that, like the

625
00:33:49,440 --> 00:33:52,480
Speaker 3: don't the ridges in it like give it a higher

626
00:33:52,520 --> 00:33:55,600
Speaker 3: surface area, so there's like more attract.

627
00:33:55,280 --> 00:34:00,400
Speaker 2: Too exactly, yes, And so when you they also, each

628
00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:04,480
Speaker 2: hair ends not just like that's the end of the hair,

629
00:34:04,520 --> 00:34:06,960
Speaker 2: but it actually ends in sort of like a bristles

630
00:34:07,080 --> 00:34:12,640
Speaker 2: or like a dandelion puff of things called so the

631
00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:16,360
Speaker 2: hairs themselves are called cite, and then on top of

632
00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:21,640
Speaker 2: the hairs, the like bristles are called spatula. And so

633
00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:25,160
Speaker 2: because there's millions of these hairs, and then on each

634
00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:29,440
Speaker 2: hair there's like hundreds of these spitula, there's hundreds of

635
00:34:29,440 --> 00:34:35,759
Speaker 2: millions of like points of connection to the surface. And

636
00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:38,320
Speaker 2: so even though the van der Vald's force is super

637
00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:43,080
Speaker 2: super weak, when you have a ton of it, right,

638
00:34:43,239 --> 00:34:46,080
Speaker 2: like a ton of hairs and a ton of connections,

639
00:34:46,200 --> 00:34:47,279
Speaker 2: it's strong enough to.

640
00:34:47,280 --> 00:34:50,040
Speaker 1: Hold up the little body of a gecko.

641
00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:53,720
Speaker 2: Maybe not a human body, right, we've never invented gecko

642
00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:54,840
Speaker 2: shoes that work.

643
00:34:55,200 --> 00:34:56,560
Speaker 1: But like, if you're light.

644
00:34:56,480 --> 00:34:59,759
Speaker 2: Enough and you have enough of these these hairs, these

645
00:35:00,320 --> 00:35:03,680
Speaker 2: connection points that are tiny enough that they can get

646
00:35:03,680 --> 00:35:06,360
Speaker 2: close enough, like they have to be tiny, right, so

647
00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:09,040
Speaker 2: that they can actually get close enough to the molecules

648
00:35:09,080 --> 00:35:11,719
Speaker 2: on the surface. And so like you have all of

649
00:35:11,760 --> 00:35:15,680
Speaker 2: these little teeny tiny, you know, nano like points of

650
00:35:15,760 --> 00:35:19,120
Speaker 2: contact that each one is like very weakly attracted to

651
00:35:19,360 --> 00:35:21,880
Speaker 2: the surface, but then you add it up times hundreds

652
00:35:21,920 --> 00:35:24,960
Speaker 2: of millions and then you get like an actual force

653
00:35:25,040 --> 00:35:27,759
Speaker 2: that you can observe. You actually can observe this even

654
00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:30,880
Speaker 2: if you don't have a gecko in your life. When

655
00:35:30,920 --> 00:35:35,200
Speaker 2: you're using microfiber cloths to clean your glasses, or you know,

656
00:35:35,600 --> 00:35:37,920
Speaker 2: to dust or something like, you have a sort of

657
00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:40,520
Speaker 2: dust that has like a little bit of you know,

658
00:35:40,600 --> 00:35:43,399
Speaker 2: microfiber or something, and it like like it attracts dust

659
00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:49,520
Speaker 2: to it just like slightly, and that also uses Vandrvald's forces.

660
00:35:49,600 --> 00:35:54,840
Speaker 2: So you know, this is very cool, and obviously we

661
00:35:54,920 --> 00:35:59,520
Speaker 2: need to exploit it for our own human needs for

662
00:35:59,680 --> 00:36:03,160
Speaker 2: tape that doesn't leave residue, because that is like the

663
00:36:03,280 --> 00:36:06,200
Speaker 2: number one issue facing humanity is tape that leaves too

664
00:36:06,280 --> 00:36:06,920
Speaker 2: much residue.

665
00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:10,600
Speaker 3: So we need everybody we've got on this.

666
00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:14,360
Speaker 2: Every like every mind, take them away from cancer research

667
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:17,600
Speaker 2: and get get you on some tape that doesn't leave

668
00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:19,279
Speaker 2: that gross residue on walls.

669
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:23,040
Speaker 3: Do you think that there's like a lobby against this

670
00:36:23,160 --> 00:36:31,040
Speaker 3: product by big googonig like bring them down many goog on.

671
00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:34,600
Speaker 1: Googn's pockets run deep? Is all I'm gonna say, but.

672
00:36:34,760 --> 00:36:37,120
Speaker 3: Uh, follow the money, follow the money.

673
00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:43,239
Speaker 2: So yeah, it's researchers looked into how to recreate this

674
00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:47,879
Speaker 2: and they used carbon nanotubes, which are like very very

675
00:36:47,960 --> 00:36:51,240
Speaker 2: very teeny tiny structures that you can use with carbon

676
00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:57,840
Speaker 2: molecules and uh, you can create these like uh, you know,

677
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:04,520
Speaker 2: like electron microscope structures essentially, and they created kind of

678
00:37:04,680 --> 00:37:07,440
Speaker 2: like similar to like the gecko feet where it's like

679
00:37:07,840 --> 00:37:13,600
Speaker 2: not just like a uniform surface of the carbon nanotubes,

680
00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:16,719
Speaker 2: but like sort of like these this like you know,

681
00:37:16,960 --> 00:37:21,560
Speaker 2: micro pattern of these things making points of contact, and

682
00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:23,720
Speaker 2: that allowed them to create a tape that's like super

683
00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:28,040
Speaker 2: sticky using these Vandrvold's forces but doesn't actually have like

684
00:37:28,080 --> 00:37:31,640
Speaker 2: a residue, and it's called nanotape and you can actually

685
00:37:31,640 --> 00:37:32,040
Speaker 2: buy it.

686
00:37:32,040 --> 00:37:34,680
Speaker 1: It's like been out for I don't know, around a decade.

687
00:37:35,880 --> 00:37:40,880
Speaker 3: I have definitely seen people like on TikTok or something

688
00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:44,560
Speaker 3: talking about like hanging up posters with nano tape. It's

689
00:37:44,560 --> 00:37:47,200
Speaker 3: like it's supposed to be a very renter friendly basically

690
00:37:47,200 --> 00:37:49,640
Speaker 3: because it doesn't pull up the tape, it doesn't leave

691
00:37:49,640 --> 00:37:51,440
Speaker 3: a hole behind in the wall. It just it's like

692
00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:54,880
Speaker 3: it never happens. But the drawback is that it's really

693
00:37:54,960 --> 00:37:55,560
Speaker 3: really weak.

694
00:37:55,719 --> 00:37:58,919
Speaker 1: It's very weak. But don't hang a shell a little bit. Yeah,

695
00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:00,400
Speaker 1: you can't hang a shell with it.

696
00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:05,960
Speaker 2: You can hang posters, maybe a super lightweight picture frame

697
00:38:07,080 --> 00:38:10,520
Speaker 2: with a bunch of the tape. But yeah, it's very weak.

698
00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:15,200
Speaker 2: But that's because Vanderval's forces are weak. But you could

699
00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:19,600
Speaker 2: probably like tape a gecko to your wall with.

700
00:38:19,440 --> 00:38:22,040
Speaker 1: This nano tape, just the one gecko, just one gecko.

701
00:38:22,560 --> 00:38:25,000
Speaker 2: Like if you put it on a gecko's back, now

702
00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:28,280
Speaker 2: the gecko can be sticky on both sides.

703
00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:31,680
Speaker 3: Then you drop the gecko and you see which side

704
00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:34,520
Speaker 3: it lands on. And like the cat with a buttered

705
00:38:34,520 --> 00:38:35,759
Speaker 3: toast on its back.

706
00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:39,480
Speaker 2: Don't actually put nanotape on gecko. Be nice to gecko.

707
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:44,520
Speaker 2: Probably be a better owner to gecko than I was

708
00:38:44,760 --> 00:38:47,920
Speaker 2: in college. Like it wasn't mean to the gecko. I

709
00:38:48,040 --> 00:38:51,360
Speaker 2: just feel like it did not get enough stimulation mentally,

710
00:38:51,520 --> 00:38:52,600
Speaker 2: This poor little gecko.

711
00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:57,120
Speaker 3: The only thing I remember about the crested geckos that

712
00:38:57,160 --> 00:38:58,759
Speaker 3: I took care of in our store. First of all,

713
00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:03,680
Speaker 3: so soft, their whole body velvety, so soft. You don't

714
00:39:03,680 --> 00:39:06,440
Speaker 3: think of reptiles as being soft, but they're legitimately very

715
00:39:06,440 --> 00:39:10,000
Speaker 3: soft and pleasant to touch. And also their food, which

716
00:39:10,040 --> 00:39:12,399
Speaker 3: is like a powdered food that you'd like mix with

717
00:39:12,440 --> 00:39:15,879
Speaker 3: like moisture, smelled amazing.

718
00:39:16,520 --> 00:39:17,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, No, I mixed it.

719
00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:19,600
Speaker 2: I would mix so it was like this powder is

720
00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:21,799
Speaker 2: like maybe it wasn't powdered crickets, but some kind of

721
00:39:21,800 --> 00:39:23,480
Speaker 2: protein powder mixed with baby food.

722
00:39:24,520 --> 00:39:28,279
Speaker 3: I was always so so so tempted to just just

723
00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:29,760
Speaker 3: take a little, just a little.

724
00:39:29,560 --> 00:39:33,000
Speaker 2: Taste to like vitamins. It tastes like kids vitamins. It was,

725
00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:34,839
Speaker 2: you know, so it just.

726
00:39:34,800 --> 00:39:36,640
Speaker 3: Makes me want it more. I love vias.

727
00:39:36,840 --> 00:39:38,799
Speaker 2: I just feel like I should have made like a

728
00:39:38,840 --> 00:39:42,320
Speaker 2: tiny baby Bjorn and taken this gecko out and about

729
00:39:42,360 --> 00:39:45,400
Speaker 2: with me just because like, I just feel like this

730
00:39:45,480 --> 00:39:47,880
Speaker 2: geka must have been bored because I would.

731
00:39:47,719 --> 00:39:48,640
Speaker 1: Try to play with it.

732
00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:52,840
Speaker 2: But you know, other than it just launching itself across

733
00:39:52,880 --> 00:39:55,240
Speaker 2: the room, like what else is there? Like it's like, great,

734
00:39:55,320 --> 00:39:57,160
Speaker 2: the same futan over and over again.

735
00:39:57,719 --> 00:40:00,319
Speaker 1: So I don't know, and.

736
00:40:00,440 --> 00:40:02,719
Speaker 3: So nice hear ge goos. Don't drop them or put

737
00:40:02,719 --> 00:40:03,120
Speaker 3: tape on.

738
00:40:03,080 --> 00:40:06,200
Speaker 2: Them exactly, don't, I mean, but let them jump around,

739
00:40:06,400 --> 00:40:09,480
Speaker 2: give them, give them fun stuff, build like it.

740
00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:11,120
Speaker 3: Take them to a trampoline park.

741
00:40:11,320 --> 00:40:15,640
Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, uh yeah, I'm gonna say if it's like

742
00:40:15,800 --> 00:40:18,839
Speaker 2: crusted Gecko day at the trampoline park where it's only

743
00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:21,200
Speaker 2: crusted gekis play.

744
00:40:21,160 --> 00:40:23,640
Speaker 3: Or indoor skydiving. Man, if you've took they can jump

745
00:40:23,640 --> 00:40:25,320
Speaker 3: around as much as they want.

746
00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:28,000
Speaker 1: If you took a crusted gecko to chuck e cheese,

747
00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:29,600
Speaker 1: you'd never find that thing again.

748
00:40:30,600 --> 00:40:32,000
Speaker 3: That's gone. It's gone.

749
00:40:32,160 --> 00:40:34,560
Speaker 1: It's gone. So Elle, you got you got something for me?

750
00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:36,800
Speaker 1: You got some kind of invention for me to hear about.

751
00:40:37,680 --> 00:40:43,279
Speaker 3: I do. I have a second invention. So have you

752
00:40:43,320 --> 00:40:46,680
Speaker 3: ever heard of a little fish called the yellow box?

753
00:40:46,880 --> 00:40:48,440
Speaker 1: Yeshot? Love it.

754
00:40:49,480 --> 00:40:50,720
Speaker 3: They're so cute.

755
00:40:50,800 --> 00:40:52,920
Speaker 1: They're cute and they move so funny.

756
00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:56,000
Speaker 2: It's like they because they got the teeny little itty

757
00:40:56,120 --> 00:40:59,640
Speaker 2: bitty fins, but they beat them real hard, like so

758
00:40:59,719 --> 00:41:02,520
Speaker 2: kind of like, I mean, not the same as hummingbirds

759
00:41:02,520 --> 00:41:05,120
Speaker 2: because it works kind of different underwater, but it's a

760
00:41:05,160 --> 00:41:07,280
Speaker 2: similar effect where they just kind of like boop boop

761
00:41:07,280 --> 00:41:08,200
Speaker 2: boop move around.

762
00:41:09,200 --> 00:41:12,720
Speaker 3: Yeah. Yeah, So anybody who's not familiar with the yellow

763
00:41:12,760 --> 00:41:15,799
Speaker 3: box fish will be astonished to learn that it is

764
00:41:15,880 --> 00:41:19,240
Speaker 3: named for the distinct square shape of it's a body

765
00:41:19,400 --> 00:41:22,880
Speaker 3: and could you do fair boxy, which is kind of

766
00:41:22,880 --> 00:41:24,279
Speaker 3: like you have to kind of be looking at them

767
00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:27,040
Speaker 3: from like dead on to see like the box shape,

768
00:41:27,080 --> 00:41:29,040
Speaker 3: because from the side they kind of look like a

769
00:41:29,200 --> 00:41:32,440
Speaker 3: maybe just a chunky fish. But what's really kind of surprising,

770
00:41:32,520 --> 00:41:34,920
Speaker 3: like you said, is that despite their very sort of

771
00:41:35,040 --> 00:41:38,680
Speaker 3: bulky and unwieldy form, they are the opposite of hydrodynamic

772
00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:41,440
Speaker 3: right just there a complete blunt face.

773
00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:44,440
Speaker 1: But they're like a zion shape.

774
00:41:44,760 --> 00:41:47,239
Speaker 3: Yes, yes, like the s And I'm glad you said that,

775
00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:53,239
Speaker 3: because that's along a similar vein. But they're surprisingly agile swimmers,

776
00:41:53,680 --> 00:41:56,680
Speaker 3: so they can have these little bursts of speed where

777
00:41:56,719 --> 00:41:59,880
Speaker 3: they can swim forward really really fast, but they're really

778
00:42:00,160 --> 00:42:04,160
Speaker 3: really good at making tight turns, so they can turn

779
00:42:04,200 --> 00:42:05,920
Speaker 3: on a dime. They don't have to like a lot

780
00:42:05,960 --> 00:42:08,000
Speaker 3: of other fish maybe need to be kind of like

781
00:42:08,320 --> 00:42:11,480
Speaker 3: moving forward while they swim or like while they turn.

782
00:42:11,360 --> 00:42:15,120
Speaker 2: They got to drifted a little bit. But these guys, yeah, because.

783
00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:17,680
Speaker 3: They can just ye on a dime, they can kind

784
00:42:17,680 --> 00:42:20,520
Speaker 3: of swivel around, and they're really really agile in the water.

785
00:42:21,040 --> 00:42:24,719
Speaker 3: So because they're such you know, skilled little swimmers, the

786
00:42:24,760 --> 00:42:30,880
Speaker 3: engineers at Mercedes Benz were inspired to try modeling a

787
00:42:30,960 --> 00:42:33,399
Speaker 3: car after the box fish.

788
00:42:33,360 --> 00:42:35,879
Speaker 2: Slap slap in one of these box fish, Like, how

789
00:42:36,200 --> 00:42:38,279
Speaker 2: what can I do today to get you inside one

790
00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:39,200
Speaker 2: of these bad boys?

791
00:42:41,719 --> 00:42:44,399
Speaker 3: You slaping the side of it, like this bad boy

792
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:47,440
Speaker 3: can fish so much planked in in it, Yeah, making a.

793
00:42:47,400 --> 00:42:49,800
Speaker 1: Wet squelching sound every time he hits.

794
00:42:49,680 --> 00:42:53,840
Speaker 3: The fish, which I'm already excited about because this is

795
00:42:53,920 --> 00:42:56,080
Speaker 3: just a cute fish and I love a cute car.

796
00:42:56,600 --> 00:43:00,840
Speaker 3: So I'm like, I'm I'm here for it really just visibly,

797
00:43:00,880 --> 00:43:02,759
Speaker 3: I want to just esthetically, I'm down.

798
00:43:02,920 --> 00:43:04,799
Speaker 2: I feel like it should be the same rules as

799
00:43:04,840 --> 00:43:07,560
Speaker 2: the Olympians rules, where if you make a box fish car,

800
00:43:07,640 --> 00:43:10,640
Speaker 2: it has still look like a big box fish.

801
00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:12,719
Speaker 3: It needs to have the spots on it, yeah, and

802
00:43:13,960 --> 00:43:15,879
Speaker 3: need to make like it would have been great if

803
00:43:15,880 --> 00:43:18,720
Speaker 3: they It needs.

804
00:43:18,560 --> 00:43:20,960
Speaker 1: To have bubbles come out of the tailpipe somehow.

805
00:43:21,880 --> 00:43:23,600
Speaker 3: It needs to be as cute as but you got

806
00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:26,520
Speaker 3: to lean into it. They didn't lean into it as

807
00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:29,239
Speaker 3: much as I wanted them to. And this was just

808
00:43:29,320 --> 00:43:32,520
Speaker 3: a concept car. This didn't actually make it to the market.

809
00:43:33,080 --> 00:43:34,960
Speaker 3: This was introduced in two thousand and five and it

810
00:43:35,000 --> 00:43:39,600
Speaker 3: was called the bionic, which is maybe too cool of

811
00:43:39,640 --> 00:43:44,640
Speaker 3: a name for what the car actually looked like. Because bionic,

812
00:43:44,760 --> 00:43:48,360
Speaker 3: I feel I associate with bionicles, which I don't know

813
00:43:48,400 --> 00:43:52,799
Speaker 3: if they're but it was like robot toys toys, yeah,

814
00:43:52,880 --> 00:43:55,080
Speaker 3: little robot toys that were popular when I was a kid.

815
00:43:55,080 --> 00:43:56,919
Speaker 3: I don't know if they're still popular, but it makes

816
00:43:56,920 --> 00:44:01,040
Speaker 3: me think of like a very cool transformer zesque sort

817
00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:02,360
Speaker 3: of robot and looking.

818
00:44:02,200 --> 00:44:05,359
Speaker 1: At it, it's a box. Thing I appreciate is they

819
00:44:05,360 --> 00:44:06,920
Speaker 1: did make it shiny and yellow.

820
00:44:08,360 --> 00:44:10,279
Speaker 3: It's a very pretty color, so it's it's neat.

821
00:44:10,360 --> 00:44:13,239
Speaker 2: I mean, boxfish are The cute thing about box fish

822
00:44:13,480 --> 00:44:15,400
Speaker 2: is that they aren't like shiny and yellow, but they

823
00:44:15,400 --> 00:44:18,360
Speaker 2: are bright yellow and they some species at least have

824
00:44:18,440 --> 00:44:21,680
Speaker 2: these like like little black thoughts. They're black polka dot

825
00:44:22,080 --> 00:44:26,760
Speaker 2: and adorable, so cute.

826
00:44:25,560 --> 00:44:28,520
Speaker 1: So it's it's yeah.

827
00:44:28,520 --> 00:44:31,440
Speaker 2: I can see though that the shape is sort of

828
00:44:31,480 --> 00:44:35,000
Speaker 2: box fish like. It's not nearly as cute as box fish,

829
00:44:35,480 --> 00:44:36,960
Speaker 2: but it is, And.

830
00:44:36,920 --> 00:44:39,520
Speaker 3: They did kind of back off on like the squareness

831
00:44:39,560 --> 00:44:42,360
Speaker 3: of it. It does have like still sort of an

832
00:44:42,440 --> 00:44:44,120
Speaker 3: identifiable car shape.

833
00:44:44,640 --> 00:44:47,520
Speaker 2: But what is like, what is the physics concept behind this?

834
00:44:47,800 --> 00:44:50,680
Speaker 2: Like why is this Okay, why is this shape good?

835
00:44:51,600 --> 00:44:55,040
Speaker 3: So the engineers believed like this was The thought process

836
00:44:55,200 --> 00:44:58,320
Speaker 3: was that the square shape of the box fish was

837
00:44:58,360 --> 00:45:02,680
Speaker 3: both reducing drag in the water and stabilizing the body.

838
00:45:02,960 --> 00:45:06,400
Speaker 3: So the thinking was that if the fish tilted in

839
00:45:06,560 --> 00:45:12,040
Speaker 3: one direction, the water swirling around it would push against

840
00:45:12,080 --> 00:45:16,399
Speaker 3: the projecting angles of the body, so like it would

841
00:45:16,440 --> 00:45:19,920
Speaker 3: have these sharp angles on like sort of all sides

842
00:45:19,960 --> 00:45:24,080
Speaker 3: of its body to push against swirling water when it tilted.

843
00:45:24,440 --> 00:45:27,000
Speaker 3: So the idea was that this was keeping it upright

844
00:45:27,120 --> 00:45:32,279
Speaker 3: when it made these sharp turns. But this introduced a paradox.

845
00:45:32,719 --> 00:45:36,960
Speaker 3: So the stabilization from that kind of maneuvering should make

846
00:45:37,000 --> 00:45:41,200
Speaker 3: it more difficult for the fish to make sudden tight turns.

847
00:45:41,680 --> 00:45:45,160
Speaker 3: Right if the if the angles are pushing against the water,

848
00:45:45,680 --> 00:45:48,120
Speaker 3: then that should make it not very good at making

849
00:45:48,200 --> 00:45:51,680
Speaker 3: tight turns. So people were kind of baffled as to

850
00:45:51,840 --> 00:45:55,680
Speaker 3: how the fish's box shape could be both more maneuverable

851
00:45:55,960 --> 00:45:59,239
Speaker 3: and more stable, because those two things should be a

852
00:45:59,320 --> 00:46:00,879
Speaker 3: kind of a trade off from each other. You should

853
00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:04,319
Speaker 3: either be more maneuverable or more stable, not both. So

854
00:46:04,800 --> 00:46:07,520
Speaker 3: in twenty fifteen, this was ten years after the bionic

855
00:46:08,440 --> 00:46:11,040
Speaker 3: was sort of displayed. Like I said, it didn't really

856
00:46:11,080 --> 00:46:13,879
Speaker 3: go anywhere. It was just a cool idea. Ten years later,

857
00:46:13,920 --> 00:46:17,760
Speaker 3: researchers printed, not printed, They made no, they did print.

858
00:46:17,920 --> 00:46:22,480
Speaker 3: They made three D printed models of box fish, and

859
00:46:22,520 --> 00:46:26,000
Speaker 3: they ran fluid dynamic simulations where they would like put

860
00:46:26,040 --> 00:46:28,080
Speaker 3: them in, you know, a box full of water and

861
00:46:28,120 --> 00:46:30,840
Speaker 3: like jet water over it, basically to see how the

862
00:46:30,840 --> 00:46:32,960
Speaker 3: water flows over their bodies and move them around to

863
00:46:32,960 --> 00:46:36,400
Speaker 3: see like how the water flowed around them. This was

864
00:46:36,440 --> 00:46:40,080
Speaker 3: to test how well they actually reduced drag, and it

865
00:46:40,160 --> 00:46:43,320
Speaker 3: turned out that they were terrible at it. They created

866
00:46:43,719 --> 00:46:47,200
Speaker 3: a ton of drag in the water, so they produced

867
00:46:47,320 --> 00:46:51,560
Speaker 3: twice as much drag as non box shaped fish. And

868
00:46:51,600 --> 00:46:55,440
Speaker 3: they also found that their shape actually destabilized them in

869
00:46:55,560 --> 00:46:58,439
Speaker 3: the water and made them more likely to spin out

870
00:46:58,640 --> 00:47:01,120
Speaker 3: with the flow of water around them. So like they

871
00:47:01,120 --> 00:47:05,920
Speaker 3: were not stable at all, like highly maneuverable, not stable.

872
00:47:06,280 --> 00:47:08,520
Speaker 3: So if they were to kind of continue on with

873
00:47:08,600 --> 00:47:10,439
Speaker 3: this car design, you would have a car that could

874
00:47:10,440 --> 00:47:12,399
Speaker 3: make tight turns, but it was going to be falling over,

875
00:47:12,520 --> 00:47:13,600
Speaker 3: like it was going to be tiling.

876
00:47:13,840 --> 00:47:18,600
Speaker 2: Well, the thing is that like box fish don't use wheels,

877
00:47:19,040 --> 00:47:22,520
Speaker 2: so like the location is different, it's not them like

878
00:47:22,680 --> 00:47:27,000
Speaker 2: on a road encountering wind resistance. It's them under the

879
00:47:27,080 --> 00:47:32,920
Speaker 2: water encounting like water resistance. But also the locomotion is

880
00:47:32,960 --> 00:47:35,320
Speaker 2: from the little the cute, little stubby fence.

881
00:47:36,280 --> 00:47:38,080
Speaker 3: Yes, that was kind of what they came to the

882
00:47:38,080 --> 00:47:41,400
Speaker 3: conclusion of because they had always kind of like the

883
00:47:41,440 --> 00:47:45,400
Speaker 3: paradox was under the assumption that the shape of the

884
00:47:45,440 --> 00:47:50,080
Speaker 3: fish was providing its stability. But after running these simulations

885
00:47:50,080 --> 00:47:52,800
Speaker 3: and finding that it actually wasn't, the scientists were like, well,

886
00:47:53,120 --> 00:47:55,640
Speaker 3: how do they actually swim so well? Because you can

887
00:47:55,680 --> 00:47:58,000
Speaker 3: see the end result they're a good swimmer, So like,

888
00:47:58,239 --> 00:47:59,640
Speaker 3: how are they a good swimmer if they're not? Like,

889
00:47:59,640 --> 00:48:01,799
Speaker 3: how are they not spinning out every time you know,

890
00:48:01,880 --> 00:48:04,120
Speaker 3: a stiff breeze rolls by. I don't know what the

891
00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:06,600
Speaker 3: equivalent oc current? Yeah, So like why why are they

892
00:48:06,640 --> 00:48:09,520
Speaker 3: not spinning out at all times? And the scientists were like,

893
00:48:09,800 --> 00:48:13,400
Speaker 3: I mean they have fins like they cars don't have fins,

894
00:48:13,719 --> 00:48:19,520
Speaker 3: like they have something carss.

895
00:48:17,239 --> 00:48:19,319
Speaker 1: And cool lightning strike.

896
00:48:20,719 --> 00:48:22,200
Speaker 3: And that is of course to make it go faster.

897
00:48:22,400 --> 00:48:25,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, light makes it go fast.

898
00:48:26,200 --> 00:48:30,719
Speaker 3: Yeah, So the fish's tiny little fins are actually perfect

899
00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:33,799
Speaker 3: because they're so little and so stubby, they can make

900
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:37,160
Speaker 3: very very quick, rapid movements in the water, so they

901
00:48:37,239 --> 00:48:41,520
Speaker 3: can make tiny adjustments to fix their tilt and keep

902
00:48:41,560 --> 00:48:44,319
Speaker 3: them stable when they would otherwise be spinning out.

903
00:48:45,160 --> 00:48:52,040
Speaker 2: Likes it's more like a drone and not like a car.

904
00:48:53,239 --> 00:48:57,280
Speaker 3: Yeah, like really great for like staying in one spot

905
00:48:57,400 --> 00:49:00,680
Speaker 3: and like swiveling around, but not super great for going

906
00:49:00,719 --> 00:49:04,640
Speaker 3: forward very fast. Right, And that that research. By the way,

907
00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:07,520
Speaker 3: I found the paper. It was called box fish swimming paradox.

908
00:49:07,600 --> 00:49:11,360
Speaker 3: Resolved forces by the flow of water around the body

909
00:49:11,400 --> 00:49:15,759
Speaker 3: promote maneuverability. And that was by Weasenberg at All in

910
00:49:15,800 --> 00:49:18,720
Speaker 3: the Journal of the Rural Society in February of twenty fifteen.

911
00:49:20,160 --> 00:49:21,799
Speaker 1: At All the at All.

912
00:49:21,560 --> 00:49:24,120
Speaker 3: Family, Like they're killing it.

913
00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:26,920
Speaker 1: They're killing it, so many papers.

914
00:49:28,239 --> 00:49:30,200
Speaker 3: Yeah, So I thought it was kind of funny that

915
00:49:30,320 --> 00:49:33,800
Speaker 3: like all of this, this entire car was designed based

916
00:49:33,800 --> 00:49:37,040
Speaker 3: on like an assumption. But I mean, you know, people

917
00:49:37,080 --> 00:49:39,960
Speaker 3: hadn't checked at that point. It was a pretty reasonable assumption.

918
00:49:40,040 --> 00:49:40,920
Speaker 1: Cry But.

919
00:49:42,400 --> 00:49:45,800
Speaker 3: Than ten years later scientists were like, yeah, isn't that weird?

920
00:49:45,840 --> 00:49:46,560
Speaker 3: We should check.

921
00:49:47,320 --> 00:49:49,319
Speaker 1: Try to make a car in the shape of a

922
00:49:49,600 --> 00:49:52,160
Speaker 1: box and see all we can see.

923
00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:55,160
Speaker 3: Yeah, like we can see like cars did hit the

924
00:49:55,200 --> 00:49:58,239
Speaker 3: consumer market that are box shaped, right. My husband had

925
00:49:58,280 --> 00:50:01,719
Speaker 3: one at the time when we got together, one of

926
00:50:01,760 --> 00:50:03,920
Speaker 3: those Scions. Yeah, the Sion box cars.

927
00:50:04,320 --> 00:50:08,640
Speaker 1: We would always it's nice, there's wind.

928
00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:10,839
Speaker 3: Would always there was certainly a lot of that, and

929
00:50:10,880 --> 00:50:14,279
Speaker 3: we would make a joke because sometimes we were little Hellians,

930
00:50:14,320 --> 00:50:17,520
Speaker 3: we were little hooligans, you know, speeding around at night

931
00:50:17,560 --> 00:50:19,839
Speaker 3: and stuff, and we would joke that if we ever

932
00:50:20,040 --> 00:50:22,120
Speaker 3: like spun out or if the car flipped or something,

933
00:50:22,120 --> 00:50:23,239
Speaker 3: it would be like rolling a dike.

934
00:50:26,040 --> 00:50:30,520
Speaker 2: It's just like, there's really windy part when you're driving

935
00:50:30,600 --> 00:50:35,239
Speaker 2: sort of up California, near northern California, there's some of

936
00:50:35,280 --> 00:50:37,839
Speaker 2: this farmland that just gets super windy because there's no

937
00:50:38,080 --> 00:50:42,080
Speaker 2: like mountains around to disrupt the wind. And I like,

938
00:50:42,360 --> 00:50:44,640
Speaker 2: I was like, am I is my car just gonna

939
00:50:44,640 --> 00:50:47,520
Speaker 2: get tipped over because it's shaped like a box and

940
00:50:47,560 --> 00:50:50,080
Speaker 2: this is windy. Every time it feels like, yeah, it

941
00:50:50,120 --> 00:50:52,120
Speaker 2: feels like I'm just gonna get like blown away and

942
00:50:52,160 --> 00:50:54,160
Speaker 2: then just tumbleweed my way off the road.

943
00:50:55,640 --> 00:50:59,600
Speaker 1: Well, it's good. Try everybody with the box fish car.

944
00:50:59,640 --> 00:51:03,840
Speaker 3: Good, honestly, keep making it. It's a cute car.

945
00:51:04,120 --> 00:51:08,879
Speaker 1: Make a box fish. I want a box fish drone shape.

946
00:51:09,080 --> 00:51:12,680
Speaker 3: Make more cars for purely aesthetic tell you or cuteness?

947
00:51:12,719 --> 00:51:15,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, the cars are boring now I hate them. So

948
00:51:16,200 --> 00:51:19,640
Speaker 2: they're all this gray, gray or black and shape like

949
00:51:19,680 --> 00:51:21,839
Speaker 2: a turd.

950
00:51:22,960 --> 00:51:25,120
Speaker 3: Bring back the bionics car.

951
00:51:25,320 --> 00:51:27,359
Speaker 1: Let's have bionical cars. All right.

952
00:51:27,360 --> 00:51:29,319
Speaker 2: Well, we're going to take a quick break and when

953
00:51:29,360 --> 00:51:32,480
Speaker 2: we get back, two more inventions that will change your

954
00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:36,040
Speaker 2: life or not, I don't know, but they're inspired by animals.

955
00:51:37,480 --> 00:51:37,879
Speaker 1: All right.

956
00:51:38,200 --> 00:51:42,239
Speaker 2: So Ellen, what's what's your two favorite things in the world?

957
00:51:43,440 --> 00:51:46,919
Speaker 3: My two? I can only pick two. I'm gonna say

958
00:51:47,280 --> 00:51:55,840
Speaker 3: Cappy Baris and the Ben and Jerry's dirt cut flavor.

959
00:51:55,880 --> 00:51:58,800
Speaker 2: Oh that's a good those are two good things. Mine

960
00:51:59,320 --> 00:52:02,160
Speaker 2: mine is a butterfly wings and money.

961
00:52:03,239 --> 00:52:07,040
Speaker 3: Mmmm, I do those great things. I love both of.

962
00:52:06,960 --> 00:52:07,640
Speaker 1: Them I have.

963
00:52:07,840 --> 00:52:10,880
Speaker 2: But you're kind of like the bin and like if

964
00:52:10,920 --> 00:52:12,920
Speaker 2: I could chill out with a Kapy Barra and have

965
00:52:13,000 --> 00:52:15,920
Speaker 2: Ben Jerry's dirt Cup ice cream and hang out with

966
00:52:15,960 --> 00:52:18,879
Speaker 2: the Kara bar at the same time, that'd be cool.

967
00:52:18,920 --> 00:52:23,360
Speaker 2: But the thing is I can use the money to

968
00:52:23,440 --> 00:52:26,239
Speaker 2: get the to get the Ben and Jerry's and the butter.

969
00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:27,960
Speaker 3: It's true, money will unlock all of those experiences.

970
00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:32,640
Speaker 2: And the butterfly wings to fly myself to Kapy Barra

971
00:52:33,120 --> 00:52:36,320
Speaker 2: world where you can hang out with the kaby burrows.

972
00:52:36,600 --> 00:52:39,040
Speaker 2: It's not a real thing, but I want it like

973
00:52:39,080 --> 00:52:41,680
Speaker 2: a Jurassic Park. But for Cappy barras so.

974
00:52:43,200 --> 00:52:46,320
Speaker 3: Much lower steaks. If they had like the containment breach,

975
00:52:46,440 --> 00:52:48,160
Speaker 3: it would not be an issue.

976
00:52:48,280 --> 00:52:53,680
Speaker 2: Right And so look, you know what, like wh what

977
00:52:53,800 --> 00:52:57,120
Speaker 2: if money was butterfly wings, that would be much prettier

978
00:52:57,239 --> 00:53:03,040
Speaker 2: than stupid old dead presidents. And there is a potential

979
00:53:03,120 --> 00:53:07,279
Speaker 2: to use butterfly wings structure in money for things like

980
00:53:07,520 --> 00:53:13,719
Speaker 2: counterfeit protection. So butterfly wings like that of the morpho butterfly,

981
00:53:14,520 --> 00:53:19,520
Speaker 2: can offer these really amazing iridescined hues. Sometimes butterfly wings

982
00:53:19,520 --> 00:53:21,839
Speaker 2: will have like may actually have some pigment in it,

983
00:53:21,880 --> 00:53:26,240
Speaker 2: but a lot of times butterfly wings actually produce color

984
00:53:26,440 --> 00:53:31,280
Speaker 2: not through pigment but through structural coloration. So we see

985
00:53:31,320 --> 00:53:35,400
Speaker 2: color when light of different wavelengths bounce off a surface

986
00:53:35,560 --> 00:53:39,560
Speaker 2: and then bonk into light sensitive receptors at the back

987
00:53:39,600 --> 00:53:44,799
Speaker 2: of our eye. Pigments work by basically they absorb all

988
00:53:44,880 --> 00:53:48,759
Speaker 2: of the wavelengths of light that you don't see, and

989
00:53:48,800 --> 00:53:52,400
Speaker 2: then only the wavelength of light that it does not absorb.

990
00:53:52,840 --> 00:53:56,239
Speaker 2: That bounces off of the pigment into your eyeball is

991
00:53:56,280 --> 00:54:01,480
Speaker 2: what you see. So like jazz, it's about all of

992
00:54:01,520 --> 00:54:04,200
Speaker 2: the colors that it does not absorb. So like an

993
00:54:04,239 --> 00:54:08,640
Speaker 2: apple absorbs everything except for the red wavelength, and so

994
00:54:09,000 --> 00:54:14,719
Speaker 2: it looks like a red apple. Now, structural coloration it's

995
00:54:14,719 --> 00:54:19,520
Speaker 2: still all about wavelengths of light hitting your eyeball, but

996
00:54:19,920 --> 00:54:23,480
Speaker 2: instead of it being about absorbing light other than the

997
00:54:23,480 --> 00:54:26,960
Speaker 2: one color wavelength that you see, it actually works by

998
00:54:27,160 --> 00:54:31,719
Speaker 2: bending length through tiny structures, usually little tiny ridges or

999
00:54:31,800 --> 00:54:35,160
Speaker 2: kind of hole like structures that kind of act like

1000
00:54:35,360 --> 00:54:39,360
Speaker 2: microscopic prisms. So instead of absorbing the light, it is

1001
00:54:39,480 --> 00:54:44,120
Speaker 2: refracting and bending and changing the direction in wavelength of

1002
00:54:44,239 --> 00:54:48,360
Speaker 2: the light. And so this is one of the reasons

1003
00:54:48,360 --> 00:54:52,200
Speaker 2: that structural coloration often results in this like iridescence. So

1004
00:54:52,360 --> 00:54:55,480
Speaker 2: colors that like shimmer and shift as you change the

1005
00:54:55,520 --> 00:54:58,360
Speaker 2: angle at which you view them or change the direction

1006
00:54:58,560 --> 00:55:03,640
Speaker 2: of the light. So the light wavelengths actually can interfere

1007
00:55:03,640 --> 00:55:05,279
Speaker 2: with each other, just like you know, like when you're

1008
00:55:05,320 --> 00:55:07,760
Speaker 2: looking at a surface of water and you have ripples.

1009
00:55:08,760 --> 00:55:11,759
Speaker 2: Sometimes the ripples can be additive and sometimes they can

1010
00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:14,239
Speaker 2: be subtractive, like they can interfere with each other that

1011
00:55:14,640 --> 00:55:18,920
Speaker 2: amplifies the ripple effect. And sometimes they can interfere and

1012
00:55:19,000 --> 00:55:22,120
Speaker 2: basically cancel each other out. And this can happen with

1013
00:55:22,360 --> 00:55:27,040
Speaker 2: light with a surface where it's like one wavelength of

1014
00:55:27,120 --> 00:55:31,120
Speaker 2: light is sort of hitting the surface at one angle

1015
00:55:31,360 --> 00:55:34,839
Speaker 2: and kind of maybe below or near another wavelength light.

1016
00:55:34,960 --> 00:55:37,680
Speaker 2: And then as they're refracted, if they're kind of bonking

1017
00:55:37,680 --> 00:55:42,919
Speaker 2: into each other, they can actually either amplify and create

1018
00:55:42,960 --> 00:55:47,279
Speaker 2: a stronger brighter wavelength or cancel each other out and

1019
00:55:47,320 --> 00:55:49,000
Speaker 2: make it minmal. So like when you're looking at a

1020
00:55:49,040 --> 00:55:51,640
Speaker 2: morpho wing, sometimes it shifts can even like kind of

1021
00:55:51,680 --> 00:55:56,160
Speaker 2: shift between like bright bright like almost blindingly bright blue

1022
00:55:56,760 --> 00:55:59,239
Speaker 2: or like black, like you can't see any of it,

1023
00:55:59,320 --> 00:56:02,520
Speaker 2: so it's like that's why you get that weird iridescent

1024
00:56:03,160 --> 00:56:03,960
Speaker 2: shift in color.

1025
00:56:05,000 --> 00:56:07,880
Speaker 3: Taking pictures of them can be a nightmare, yeah, because

1026
00:56:07,920 --> 00:56:10,200
Speaker 3: you have to get it from like the perfect angle.

1027
00:56:10,719 --> 00:56:12,440
Speaker 3: And then even when you I feel like when you

1028
00:56:12,480 --> 00:56:15,480
Speaker 3: take a picture of one, you don't really get the

1029
00:56:15,520 --> 00:56:19,000
Speaker 3: same effect, like it just it doesn't look as good. Yeah,

1030
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:20,960
Speaker 3: you really have to see it in person to really.

1031
00:56:20,840 --> 00:56:23,360
Speaker 2: Right, because once you've taken the picture, when you've taken

1032
00:56:23,400 --> 00:56:27,279
Speaker 2: the picture. You've there is no longer the actual structural

1033
00:56:27,320 --> 00:56:31,480
Speaker 2: coloration of the wing. You have pigment. You've turned the

1034
00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:35,560
Speaker 2: structural coloration. The camera has captured the light information from

1035
00:56:35,560 --> 00:56:38,480
Speaker 2: the structural coloration, but then it's turned it into what

1036
00:56:38,600 --> 00:56:42,799
Speaker 2: is essentially pigment, right or like, you know, pixels work

1037
00:56:42,840 --> 00:56:45,760
Speaker 2: a little different from pigment because it's actually like emitting

1038
00:56:45,840 --> 00:56:49,080
Speaker 2: light directly at you. But you know, if you look

1039
00:56:49,080 --> 00:56:51,560
Speaker 2: at a photograph, that's turned it into pigment, or if

1040
00:56:51,560 --> 00:56:53,400
Speaker 2: you're looking at it on the screen, it's turned it

1041
00:56:53,440 --> 00:56:59,640
Speaker 2: into pixels that are emitting light. So everything from butterfly

1042
00:56:59,680 --> 00:57:02,840
Speaker 2: wings to bird feathers, even some species of snakes have

1043
00:57:02,920 --> 00:57:05,520
Speaker 2: scales that can do this. There are some types of

1044
00:57:05,560 --> 00:57:09,680
Speaker 2: plants that can use structural coloration to create these amazing effects.

1045
00:57:09,760 --> 00:57:14,759
Speaker 2: And so what people are working on is turning that

1046
00:57:14,880 --> 00:57:19,480
Speaker 2: literally into money. So, like there's this company called nanotech Security,

1047
00:57:19,520 --> 00:57:23,680
Speaker 2: which is totally not a cyberpunk dystopia money security company.

1048
00:57:23,320 --> 00:57:24,640
Speaker 1: That's going to steal your soul.

1049
00:57:25,680 --> 00:57:28,680
Speaker 2: It is trying to introduce structural coloration to money to

1050
00:57:28,840 --> 00:57:32,360
Speaker 2: help prevent counterfeit dollars. So the idea is that if

1051
00:57:32,400 --> 00:57:35,040
Speaker 2: you create a portion of the money that has like

1052
00:57:35,120 --> 00:57:40,120
Speaker 2: these microscopic structures that offer an iridescent image. It would

1053
00:57:40,160 --> 00:57:45,160
Speaker 2: be so hard and expensive to try to counterfeit that

1054
00:57:45,160 --> 00:57:49,280
Speaker 2: that it would be a way to prevent counterfeit money,

1055
00:57:49,440 --> 00:57:52,720
Speaker 2: so like it'd be super like to create that kind

1056
00:57:52,760 --> 00:57:58,960
Speaker 2: of microscopic nanostructure would be quite a challenge for someone

1057
00:57:58,960 --> 00:58:01,880
Speaker 2: who's like, I'm going to put this dollar in photoshop

1058
00:58:01,880 --> 00:58:04,720
Speaker 2: a hip print. I don't know what how counterfeiting works.

1059
00:58:04,800 --> 00:58:10,200
Speaker 2: I'm sure it's more complicated than that, but so far

1060
00:58:10,480 --> 00:58:13,960
Speaker 2: they have not created this yet. There's no butterfly wing money.

1061
00:58:14,760 --> 00:58:17,880
Speaker 2: I think it would be cool if we just now,

1062
00:58:17,880 --> 00:58:20,680
Speaker 2: I don't want to hurt actual butterflies, so not like

1063
00:58:20,880 --> 00:58:24,040
Speaker 2: real butterfly wings, but just making money in the shape

1064
00:58:24,080 --> 00:58:25,280
Speaker 2: of butterfly wings.

1065
00:58:26,040 --> 00:58:28,720
Speaker 3: And if that was the currency.

1066
00:58:28,120 --> 00:58:30,800
Speaker 2: Exactly, like, haven't it cool because then we could have

1067
00:58:31,000 --> 00:58:35,360
Speaker 2: a real sort of like fairy cottage core aesthetic to

1068
00:58:35,480 --> 00:58:40,000
Speaker 2: our late stage malignant capitalism that I think would be

1069
00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:41,000
Speaker 2: kind of fun.

1070
00:58:42,800 --> 00:58:46,880
Speaker 3: I like that. I'm imagining that maybe the different like

1071
00:58:47,280 --> 00:58:50,439
Speaker 3: amounts of currency could be like different types of butterfly wings.

1072
00:58:50,840 --> 00:58:52,920
Speaker 3: Maybe like a monarch is worth a certain.

1073
00:58:52,680 --> 00:58:56,360
Speaker 1: Amount exactly like a mor fo is. Maybe like a

1074
00:58:56,400 --> 00:58:58,960
Speaker 1: fifty dollar atlas.

1075
00:58:59,000 --> 00:59:02,240
Speaker 3: We've become full circle. We've come full circle as a nation.

1076
00:59:02,440 --> 00:59:04,800
Speaker 3: We've looped all the way back around to having monarchs

1077
00:59:04,800 --> 00:59:05,640
Speaker 3: on our money again.

1078
00:59:08,360 --> 00:59:11,200
Speaker 2: Maybe like a I don't know what would be what

1079
00:59:11,280 --> 00:59:13,000
Speaker 2: would be like a one dollar bill?

1080
00:59:13,120 --> 00:59:16,800
Speaker 1: Who would get stuck with that? Uh?

1081
00:59:17,440 --> 00:59:18,360
Speaker 3: Maybe like a moth?

1082
00:59:19,760 --> 00:59:24,840
Speaker 1: Poor moths, just normal moth. Yeah, anyone?

1083
00:59:24,880 --> 00:59:27,200
Speaker 3: Who? Okay, have you played Skyrim?

1084
00:59:27,600 --> 00:59:32,520
Speaker 2: I have I Skyrim, No, but I know of it.

1085
00:59:32,640 --> 00:59:36,880
Speaker 2: I have definitely seen Skyrim. I've seen a Skyrim.

1086
00:59:37,040 --> 00:59:40,680
Speaker 3: I've seen aware, aware of it. Uh. So when you're

1087
00:59:40,680 --> 00:59:42,880
Speaker 3: playing Skyrim, if you're playing Skyrim for the first time,

1088
00:59:42,960 --> 00:59:45,320
Speaker 3: there's an experience. There's like a cannon event, there's like

1089
00:59:45,360 --> 00:59:48,440
Speaker 3: an experience when you're playing Skyrim. You know, a lot

1090
00:59:48,440 --> 00:59:50,440
Speaker 3: of what you're doing is like you can as you're

1091
00:59:50,480 --> 00:59:52,800
Speaker 3: walking through the world of Skyrim, you can like forage

1092
00:59:52,840 --> 00:59:57,800
Speaker 3: basically you'll pass by like plants. Yeah, yeah, you could

1093
00:59:57,800 --> 01:00:00,439
Speaker 3: just when you pass things, it'll say like collect thing,

1094
01:00:00,480 --> 01:00:03,600
Speaker 3: and you can just you know, harvest things. And so I,

1095
01:00:03,640 --> 01:00:05,520
Speaker 3: like many other people, have had this experience of just

1096
01:00:05,520 --> 01:00:09,680
Speaker 3: walking observing, just taking in the beauty of the world

1097
01:00:09,680 --> 01:00:13,280
Speaker 3: of Skyrim, and then who comes along but a sweet

1098
01:00:13,280 --> 01:00:17,720
Speaker 3: little butterfly, a beautiful, just lovely little butterfly. And the

1099
01:00:17,800 --> 01:00:21,120
Speaker 3: thing comes up the prompt says collect blue butterfly, and

1100
01:00:21,160 --> 01:00:26,160
Speaker 3: I'm like, I get to catch butterflies. How blissful? This

1101
01:00:26,240 --> 01:00:28,760
Speaker 3: is amazing. I'm gonna just catch it, thinking like in

1102
01:00:28,800 --> 01:00:31,919
Speaker 3: a jar. Perhaps I'm just going to catch this little

1103
01:00:31,960 --> 01:00:33,840
Speaker 3: butterfly and keep it as my little pet.

1104
01:00:33,960 --> 01:00:34,320
Speaker 1: Yeah.

1105
01:00:34,360 --> 01:00:38,080
Speaker 3: So I collect the butterfly and it says added to inventory,

1106
01:00:38,480 --> 01:00:42,040
Speaker 3: two butterfly wings. I was like, that's not what I wanted.

1107
01:00:44,400 --> 01:00:45,680
Speaker 1: You just reach out.

1108
01:00:45,560 --> 01:00:48,880
Speaker 2: With a big, meaty fist and grab it and just

1109
01:00:49,280 --> 01:00:50,800
Speaker 2: yank off.

1110
01:00:50,920 --> 01:00:53,960
Speaker 3: I will like, grip it apart. I was like, I

1111
01:00:54,000 --> 01:00:57,280
Speaker 3: feel like I was just manipulated into doing an animal

1112
01:00:57,320 --> 01:00:58,680
Speaker 3: cruelty that I didn't mean to.

1113
01:00:58,920 --> 01:01:02,280
Speaker 2: Yeah, there is a mod to Skyrim where it turns

1114
01:01:02,320 --> 01:01:06,080
Speaker 2: all the dragons into Thomas the tank Engines and that Yes,

1115
01:01:06,360 --> 01:01:09,560
Speaker 2: I saw that video, and that's pretty much the only

1116
01:01:09,600 --> 01:01:13,160
Speaker 2: thing that Sebber made me want to play Skyrim, because

1117
01:01:13,200 --> 01:01:16,360
Speaker 2: otherwise I feel like I would be too scared of

1118
01:01:16,400 --> 01:01:19,320
Speaker 2: all the dragons. But if it's Thomas the Tank Engines,

1119
01:01:20,440 --> 01:01:21,560
Speaker 2: I think I could handle it.

1120
01:01:22,400 --> 01:01:25,080
Speaker 3: I'm just thinking that if if butterfly wings were a

1121
01:01:25,160 --> 01:01:28,200
Speaker 3: valid currency in Skyrim, that would be great, and that

1122
01:01:28,280 --> 01:01:29,360
Speaker 3: you could just collect those.

1123
01:01:30,080 --> 01:01:33,959
Speaker 2: Yeah, right, like and then if you can, like uh,

1124
01:01:34,320 --> 01:01:36,919
Speaker 2: I don't know, fairies can use them as accessories.

1125
01:01:36,960 --> 01:01:37,880
Speaker 1: I don't really know.

1126
01:01:37,920 --> 01:01:42,800
Speaker 2: How Skyrim works, but I feel like butterfly wing money

1127
01:01:43,040 --> 01:01:44,120
Speaker 2: might make.

1128
01:01:46,040 --> 01:01:47,240
Speaker 1: Capitalism less lame.

1129
01:01:48,600 --> 01:01:52,320
Speaker 3: On the one hand, it would be bad to like

1130
01:01:52,440 --> 01:01:55,960
Speaker 3: incentivize people to take wings off of butterflies. On the

1131
01:01:56,000 --> 01:01:59,240
Speaker 3: other hand, it would be cool if that would encourage

1132
01:01:59,280 --> 01:02:04,280
Speaker 3: people to perhaps make environmental choices that would like increase

1133
01:02:04,360 --> 01:02:08,120
Speaker 3: the population of butterflies. Yeah, so like maybe I do

1134
01:02:08,200 --> 01:02:09,560
Speaker 3: think the environmental incentive.

1135
01:02:09,680 --> 01:02:12,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, I do think these should be like fake butterfly wings.

1136
01:02:12,640 --> 01:02:15,680
Speaker 2: I don't think these should be literal like rip the

1137
01:02:15,720 --> 01:02:18,520
Speaker 2: wings off of a butterfly and then buy a Snicker's

1138
01:02:18,560 --> 01:02:23,360
Speaker 2: bar with it. Situation that might be untenable. But yeah,

1139
01:02:23,440 --> 01:02:25,680
Speaker 2: like if we could, if we could like produce sort

1140
01:02:25,720 --> 01:02:30,360
Speaker 2: of like artificial butterfly wing currency, that'd be awesome.

1141
01:02:30,680 --> 01:02:36,280
Speaker 3: Last thing, what if what if spotted lantern fly wings

1142
01:02:37,080 --> 01:02:41,080
Speaker 3: were money? Ah, then we're incentivizing people to go out

1143
01:02:41,160 --> 01:02:43,000
Speaker 3: and take the wings and kill the spot.

1144
01:02:42,920 --> 01:02:47,240
Speaker 2: Of light buttered lantern flies are super invasive. Uh I think,

1145
01:02:47,440 --> 01:02:49,600
Speaker 2: I mean they were on the East coast, but I

1146
01:02:49,600 --> 01:02:51,600
Speaker 2: think they're spreading out outwards.

1147
01:02:51,960 --> 01:02:52,680
Speaker 1: But yeah, they are.

1148
01:02:52,960 --> 01:02:55,520
Speaker 3: They're like reproducing faster than anyone could kill them.

1149
01:02:55,640 --> 01:02:57,960
Speaker 2: It's bad because they you know, like when you have

1150
01:02:58,000 --> 01:03:00,720
Speaker 2: a super invasive species like that, they put shout or

1151
01:03:00,760 --> 01:03:06,200
Speaker 2: eat or out compete native species and that's bad. So

1152
01:03:06,280 --> 01:03:08,440
Speaker 2: when you see a spotted lantern fly, which they're kind

1153
01:03:08,440 --> 01:03:10,840
Speaker 2: of pretty actually because they have like black and white

1154
01:03:10,840 --> 01:03:13,920
Speaker 2: spot wings and like sort of a reddish pink, it's

1155
01:03:14,000 --> 01:03:14,880
Speaker 2: it's it's pretty.

1156
01:03:15,760 --> 01:03:20,280
Speaker 1: But where are they there are they from?

1157
01:03:19,400 --> 01:03:24,480
Speaker 2: A yeah, and so like they are, it's not it's

1158
01:03:24,520 --> 01:03:28,600
Speaker 2: not good because as invasive species, they are wreaking havoc

1159
01:03:28,720 --> 01:03:32,520
Speaker 2: on the sort of native species and you are supposed

1160
01:03:32,560 --> 01:03:35,280
Speaker 2: to kill them on site. I think, yeah, like either

1161
01:03:35,320 --> 01:03:37,760
Speaker 2: as currency or one of those things. Like they used

1162
01:03:37,760 --> 01:03:40,880
Speaker 2: to have the like machines where you could put bottles

1163
01:03:40,880 --> 01:03:44,200
Speaker 2: in them and then like you get money for recycling bottles.

1164
01:03:44,240 --> 01:03:46,840
Speaker 2: Like if we could have a bounty, a bounty, if

1165
01:03:46,840 --> 01:03:52,240
Speaker 2: we could have bounty on on uh yeah, these guys,

1166
01:03:52,280 --> 01:03:54,280
Speaker 2: like that would be fun and then we could all

1167
01:03:54,280 --> 01:03:56,280
Speaker 2: pretend to be like hardcore bounty hunters.

1168
01:03:56,320 --> 01:03:57,760
Speaker 1: When we're squishing bugs.

1169
01:03:58,360 --> 01:04:01,120
Speaker 3: You could be super cool about it, get like kidded.

1170
01:04:00,840 --> 01:04:03,240
Speaker 1: Out, Yeah, like wear a necklace of their wings.

1171
01:04:03,360 --> 01:04:05,720
Speaker 3: Yeah, because now you're an eco warrior.

1172
01:04:06,200 --> 01:04:09,400
Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly, you're killing. It's like if all the if

1173
01:04:09,440 --> 01:04:11,400
Speaker 2: we could like pay people for it, and so like

1174
01:04:11,400 --> 01:04:14,080
Speaker 2: all the trophy hunters who like kill animals that don't

1175
01:04:14,120 --> 01:04:15,760
Speaker 2: need to be killed, and then we can get them

1176
01:04:15,800 --> 01:04:18,960
Speaker 2: on the case, like, look, this will now people will

1177
01:04:19,480 --> 01:04:23,120
Speaker 2: reward you for for draining the life out of an animal.

1178
01:04:24,000 --> 01:04:26,920
Speaker 3: I'm just saying, if we've already got like we're already

1179
01:04:26,920 --> 01:04:29,560
Speaker 3: having to suffer through capitalism, we might as well like

1180
01:04:29,640 --> 01:04:33,760
Speaker 3: make it work for us one situation, right exactly, Let's

1181
01:04:33,800 --> 01:04:35,440
Speaker 3: get one good use out of it.

1182
01:04:36,240 --> 01:04:39,400
Speaker 2: Yeah, let's uh, let's turn our sites towards killing the

1183
01:04:39,520 --> 01:04:42,520
Speaker 2: right thing this time. We got it wrong a lot

1184
01:04:42,560 --> 01:04:44,960
Speaker 2: of times, but this time I think we'll get it right.

1185
01:04:45,640 --> 01:04:47,320
Speaker 1: Ellen, you got one more invention?

1186
01:04:48,440 --> 01:04:52,120
Speaker 3: I do? I have one more? And once again, this

1187
01:04:52,160 --> 01:04:55,200
Speaker 3: one actually slots pretty well along with what you were

1188
01:04:55,200 --> 01:04:58,560
Speaker 3: talking about, because mine is also about it's not a bug,

1189
01:04:58,880 --> 01:05:01,880
Speaker 3: but it is an arthropod. And I think if you're

1190
01:05:01,920 --> 01:05:04,960
Speaker 3: like a bug chaotic person like if you're like bug

1191
01:05:05,040 --> 01:05:10,400
Speaker 3: inclusive and bugs. If it's little guys, then it's bug.

1192
01:05:10,560 --> 01:05:11,480
Speaker 1: That's my.

1193
01:05:13,160 --> 01:05:17,400
Speaker 3: Crabs is bugs. This is about millipedes.

1194
01:05:17,480 --> 01:05:19,920
Speaker 1: Oh yes, millipedes is bugs for sure.

1195
01:05:20,120 --> 01:05:24,480
Speaker 3: Millipedes gotta be my favorite bug. Like obsessed with these

1196
01:05:24,480 --> 01:05:28,520
Speaker 3: little guys. They're so friendly, they're friends shaped, they won't

1197
01:05:28,560 --> 01:05:31,520
Speaker 3: like bite you, like, they're so chill and cool.

1198
01:05:31,720 --> 01:05:34,520
Speaker 2: And I had one crawl up my leg when I

1199
01:05:34,560 --> 01:05:36,960
Speaker 2: was a kid. I think it was trying to just

1200
01:05:37,360 --> 01:05:39,800
Speaker 2: make friends with me with its many, many, many tiny

1201
01:05:40,040 --> 01:05:45,400
Speaker 2: tickling little legs. I was not into it just to

1202
01:05:45,440 --> 01:05:50,280
Speaker 2: have this thing. Yeah, just the startling aspect of this

1203
01:05:50,360 --> 01:05:54,040
Speaker 2: thing crawling up my legs saying hello with all those legs.

1204
01:05:54,680 --> 01:05:54,800
Speaker 3: Uh.

1205
01:05:55,560 --> 01:05:58,920
Speaker 2: You know, I didn't love that experience. But now I

1206
01:05:58,960 --> 01:06:01,680
Speaker 2: feel like that I've got on some distance. I like

1207
01:06:01,680 --> 01:06:02,720
Speaker 2: them blim a new one.

1208
01:06:03,560 --> 01:06:06,320
Speaker 3: Also, I feel like, if you don't if you don't

1209
01:06:06,480 --> 01:06:09,320
Speaker 3: confidently know the difference between a millipede and a centipede,

1210
01:06:09,600 --> 01:06:13,960
Speaker 3: which centipedes will bite you and they're very mean, I

1211
01:06:13,960 --> 01:06:16,520
Speaker 3: could definitely, you know, see, if you didn't know whether

1212
01:06:16,560 --> 01:06:18,400
Speaker 3: it was a millipede or somepede, you would just probably

1213
01:06:18,480 --> 01:06:19,360
Speaker 3: err on the side of caution.

1214
01:06:19,760 --> 01:06:21,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, bite you.

1215
01:06:21,680 --> 01:06:27,240
Speaker 2: Millipedes are round and shiny and nice, and cinipedes like.

1216
01:06:27,200 --> 01:06:28,400
Speaker 3: A little sausage.

1217
01:06:28,560 --> 01:06:31,280
Speaker 1: Yeah they look, there's fun. Sausage shaped.

1218
01:06:31,360 --> 01:06:35,120
Speaker 2: Centipedes are mean and pointy and auchi shaped.

1219
01:06:37,040 --> 01:06:37,240
Speaker 1: Well.

1220
01:06:37,360 --> 01:06:41,200
Speaker 3: So importantly for the millipedes, millipedes have two sets of

1221
01:06:41,280 --> 01:06:44,600
Speaker 3: legs per body segment, as opposed to centipedes, which only

1222
01:06:44,600 --> 01:06:47,200
Speaker 3: have one pair of legs. So millipedes have way more legs.

1223
01:06:47,240 --> 01:06:48,720
Speaker 3: Many have tiny, tiny little legs.

1224
01:06:48,760 --> 01:06:51,080
Speaker 1: They have a million of the peds.

1225
01:06:51,240 --> 01:06:56,160
Speaker 3: A milla of them. So each pair of millipede legs

1226
01:06:56,440 --> 01:07:01,200
Speaker 3: moves symmetrically while both legs on eye their side lift

1227
01:07:01,240 --> 01:07:03,600
Speaker 3: at the same time, which is different from how like

1228
01:07:03,760 --> 01:07:08,080
Speaker 3: vertebrates walk. For example, you don't like, you know, lift

1229
01:07:08,200 --> 01:07:10,480
Speaker 3: both of your front legs and both of your back

1230
01:07:10,560 --> 01:07:13,640
Speaker 3: legs at the same time. You know, like, vertebrates don't

1231
01:07:13,640 --> 01:07:16,800
Speaker 3: typically walk like that, but millipedes do. So the individual

1232
01:07:16,880 --> 01:07:20,320
Speaker 3: pairs each move with a wave motion, so that when

1233
01:07:20,320 --> 01:07:23,640
Speaker 3: the millipede is walking forwards, the waves ripple from the

1234
01:07:23,680 --> 01:07:25,880
Speaker 3: back of the body towards the head. So if you

1235
01:07:25,920 --> 01:07:28,919
Speaker 3: were like looking really really closely at a millipede, that

1236
01:07:29,040 --> 01:07:32,200
Speaker 3: like kind of like a crowd in a stadium doing

1237
01:07:32,240 --> 01:07:34,600
Speaker 3: the wave. How like everyone throws their hands up at

1238
01:07:34,600 --> 01:07:36,520
Speaker 3: the same time. That's kind of what their feet are doing.

1239
01:07:37,080 --> 01:07:39,400
Speaker 3: But it moves, Yeah, it moves from the back of

1240
01:07:39,440 --> 01:07:43,280
Speaker 3: the body towards the head. But millipedes can also walk backwards,

1241
01:07:43,640 --> 01:07:45,479
Speaker 3: in which case they just do it in reverse, so.

1242
01:07:45,400 --> 01:07:48,080
Speaker 1: The wave that actual wave reversus.

1243
01:07:48,760 --> 01:07:50,840
Speaker 3: Yeah, so they can do like from from the head

1244
01:07:50,840 --> 01:07:53,240
Speaker 3: to the back to move backwards. It is really really cool.

1245
01:07:53,800 --> 01:07:58,120
Speaker 3: And importantly, having so many points of contact with the

1246
01:07:58,160 --> 01:08:01,600
Speaker 3: surface beneath them makes also their legs are really really

1247
01:08:01,640 --> 01:08:05,160
Speaker 3: short and their body is short and round. This makes

1248
01:08:05,160 --> 01:08:08,800
Speaker 3: them extremely stable. Like, you are not going to knock

1249
01:08:08,800 --> 01:08:12,120
Speaker 3: a millipede over unless you're like human sized. You could

1250
01:08:12,160 --> 01:08:13,360
Speaker 3: be really big, but.

1251
01:08:15,560 --> 01:08:19,280
Speaker 2: Crawling up your leg and you run around a few times, yeah,

1252
01:08:19,439 --> 01:08:23,280
Speaker 2: then it takes a little bit of panicked running for

1253
01:08:23,360 --> 01:08:24,080
Speaker 2: it to fall off.

1254
01:08:25,160 --> 01:08:28,120
Speaker 3: Well, so keep in mind that they're like detrit divores, right,

1255
01:08:28,160 --> 01:08:31,000
Speaker 3: So they're usually crawling around on things like logs and

1256
01:08:31,080 --> 01:08:33,280
Speaker 3: dirt and rocks. They're low on the ground, they have

1257
01:08:33,320 --> 01:08:35,960
Speaker 3: to crawl over a lot of uneven terrain. There's a

1258
01:08:36,000 --> 01:08:38,679
Speaker 3: lot of obstacles. They have to crawl over and around

1259
01:08:39,160 --> 01:08:41,479
Speaker 3: so and they get so incredibly stable.

1260
01:08:41,560 --> 01:08:44,240
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's like they've got such stubby legs and a

1261
01:08:44,280 --> 01:08:47,040
Speaker 2: round body, but they are so stable and.

1262
01:08:47,040 --> 01:08:50,000
Speaker 3: So able to and really good at like maneuvering around

1263
01:08:50,160 --> 01:08:55,639
Speaker 3: obstacles over stuff, like they're good at it. So the

1264
01:08:55,760 --> 01:08:59,640
Speaker 3: sort of combination of the flexibility and the resilience of

1265
01:08:59,720 --> 01:09:03,960
Speaker 3: this style of walking has inspired designs for robots. So

1266
01:09:04,000 --> 01:09:05,280
Speaker 3: the one that I could find when I was looking

1267
01:09:05,320 --> 01:09:07,120
Speaker 3: around all about this a little bit is a tiny

1268
01:09:07,720 --> 01:09:10,680
Speaker 3: like only like a millimeter or two long. So this

1269
01:09:10,760 --> 01:09:15,840
Speaker 3: is tiny, tiny, soft bodied robot that was developed by

1270
01:09:16,160 --> 01:09:18,960
Speaker 3: that has been developed by the Max Planck Institute for

1271
01:09:19,040 --> 01:09:23,600
Speaker 3: Intelligence Systems. And it may I think, you know, I

1272
01:09:23,640 --> 01:09:26,080
Speaker 3: haven't seen them anything about them actually rolling this out

1273
01:09:26,160 --> 01:09:27,760
Speaker 3: or like using it. I think it's kind of maybe

1274
01:09:27,760 --> 01:09:30,400
Speaker 3: still in development. They're still kind of working with it

1275
01:09:30,680 --> 01:09:32,280
Speaker 3: to see if they can use it someday. But it

1276
01:09:32,320 --> 01:09:36,559
Speaker 3: may someday be used to move through the human body.

1277
01:09:36,800 --> 01:09:39,599
Speaker 1: Ooh, millipedes inside my blood stream.

1278
01:09:40,920 --> 01:09:43,040
Speaker 3: Robot millipedes inside your blood stream.

1279
01:09:43,080 --> 01:09:43,680
Speaker 1: I'm into it.

1280
01:09:43,800 --> 01:09:47,920
Speaker 3: Uh, not cyberpunk at all. I'm sure get those buds.

1281
01:09:47,880 --> 01:09:50,599
Speaker 1: In my body.

1282
01:09:51,040 --> 01:09:53,479
Speaker 3: I want bug blood, Get me bug blood.

1283
01:09:53,560 --> 01:09:56,120
Speaker 2: Get them up in there, have them wiggle around and

1284
01:09:56,160 --> 01:09:59,040
Speaker 2: do their medicines, medicines on me in there.

1285
01:09:59,280 --> 01:10:01,760
Speaker 3: It is what is the idea is that they're meant

1286
01:10:01,800 --> 01:10:05,000
Speaker 3: to carry medicines through that's a door. So if you

1287
01:10:05,080 --> 01:10:07,599
Speaker 3: have like medicine, I think it's meant to be used

1288
01:10:07,600 --> 01:10:09,839
Speaker 3: as maybe like a possible alternative to surgery.

1289
01:10:10,000 --> 01:10:12,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, doctor about you have like yeah, it's just a

1290
01:10:12,720 --> 01:10:13,240
Speaker 1: little guy.

1291
01:10:13,600 --> 01:10:15,639
Speaker 3: You just let them zip and zoom up through your

1292
01:10:15,760 --> 01:10:18,360
Speaker 3: bloodstream and just don't think about it too hard, Like,

1293
01:10:18,439 --> 01:10:19,559
Speaker 3: don't think about it too much.

1294
01:10:19,600 --> 01:10:22,360
Speaker 2: I like thinking about bugs in my blood stream doing

1295
01:10:22,400 --> 01:10:23,840
Speaker 2: medicine on my heart.

1296
01:10:24,520 --> 01:10:27,600
Speaker 3: The thing is, you've already got little critters in there, and.

1297
01:10:27,640 --> 01:10:31,480
Speaker 1: They're not doing anything that great. Like you got.

1298
01:10:32,640 --> 01:10:35,160
Speaker 2: Yeah you got little time, You got little crabs on

1299
01:10:35,200 --> 01:10:37,240
Speaker 2: your eyelashes and they're just hanging out there.

1300
01:10:38,160 --> 01:10:40,640
Speaker 3: Like yeah, you you definitely have more creatures on you

1301
01:10:40,720 --> 01:10:42,679
Speaker 3: than you think you do. So like, what's one more.

1302
01:10:42,800 --> 01:10:44,680
Speaker 3: It's not gonna hurt. And this one's a robot, so

1303
01:10:44,720 --> 01:10:46,839
Speaker 3: it's fine. It's a doctor to anything.

1304
01:10:47,080 --> 01:10:49,559
Speaker 2: This robot didn't go to five years of medical school

1305
01:10:49,600 --> 01:10:50,400
Speaker 2: to be called robot.

1306
01:10:50,439 --> 01:10:56,080
Speaker 3: It's a doctor, robot, doctor, robot millipede. Yeah, which doctor

1307
01:10:56,160 --> 01:11:00,680
Speaker 3: Robot Millipede. Great band name there, it is, but it

1308
01:11:00,720 --> 01:11:02,720
Speaker 3: is also very cyberpunk, you know, like the idea of

1309
01:11:02,720 --> 01:11:05,960
Speaker 3: like putting robots in your body. We've had a lot

1310
01:11:05,960 --> 01:11:07,160
Speaker 3: of cyberpunk talk.

1311
01:11:07,560 --> 01:11:12,120
Speaker 1: Yeah, right in future and so.

1312
01:11:11,600 --> 01:11:13,720
Speaker 3: So this I came across this stuff when I was

1313
01:11:13,760 --> 01:11:16,280
Speaker 3: doing notes for an episode on millipedes years ago, and

1314
01:11:16,320 --> 01:11:18,800
Speaker 3: then this morning I was kind of refreshing, and I

1315
01:11:18,840 --> 01:11:20,120
Speaker 3: was like, you know what, I'm gonna lookround. I'm gonna

1316
01:11:20,120 --> 01:11:21,559
Speaker 3: see if anything else has been Because I took these

1317
01:11:21,600 --> 01:11:24,519
Speaker 3: notes years ago, I did find a new paper, a

1318
01:11:24,560 --> 01:11:29,960
Speaker 3: research article from November of twenty twenty three where researchers

1319
01:11:30,360 --> 01:11:35,840
Speaker 3: looked at millipede turning and bending as inspiration to develop

1320
01:11:36,000 --> 01:11:39,960
Speaker 3: navigational strategies for robots. So they basically looked at the

1321
01:11:40,000 --> 01:11:43,960
Speaker 3: ways that millipedes can use their legs to turn their

1322
01:11:44,040 --> 01:11:48,160
Speaker 3: body and get around obstacles and stuff, and are like

1323
01:11:48,280 --> 01:11:50,439
Speaker 3: using that to develop strategies for how we can get

1324
01:11:50,560 --> 01:11:53,120
Speaker 3: robots to do the same thing. Because you imagine, just

1325
01:11:53,160 --> 01:11:55,719
Speaker 3: like scale up a millipede to like a huge size,

1326
01:11:55,720 --> 01:11:57,920
Speaker 3: you could you know, you could use that for things

1327
01:11:58,000 --> 01:12:02,000
Speaker 3: like Mars, like exploration or a moon exploration, like you're

1328
01:12:02,000 --> 01:12:05,559
Speaker 3: gonna need a robot to get around bumpy rocks and stuff.

1329
01:12:07,000 --> 01:12:10,040
Speaker 3: And that paper was called leg Body Coordination Strategies for

1330
01:12:10,160 --> 01:12:15,600
Speaker 3: Obstacle Avoidance and Narrow Space Navigation of Multi Segmented Legged Robots.

1331
01:12:15,680 --> 01:12:19,120
Speaker 3: And that was by ming Chinda at All in Frontiers

1332
01:12:19,120 --> 01:12:20,200
Speaker 3: in Neurobiotics.

1333
01:12:20,240 --> 01:12:24,240
Speaker 2: Very cool, three, very cool. Just one note about the

1334
01:12:24,280 --> 01:12:28,000
Speaker 2: paper name a little long. I could call it. We

1335
01:12:28,040 --> 01:12:31,320
Speaker 2: put we put robot bugs on Mars question mark?

1336
01:12:32,320 --> 01:12:32,679
Speaker 3: What if?

1337
01:12:32,720 --> 01:12:33,400
Speaker 1: What if? Robot?

1338
01:12:33,400 --> 01:12:34,320
Speaker 3: What if bug? Robot? Bug?

1339
01:12:34,400 --> 01:12:35,960
Speaker 1: Robot on Mars question mark?

1340
01:12:36,800 --> 01:12:40,040
Speaker 2: I think it's the idea cross and a lot fewer words.

1341
01:12:40,520 --> 01:12:43,439
Speaker 2: But now that is that is ratatech. I love that.

1342
01:12:44,000 --> 01:12:47,680
Speaker 2: I love bug robots. Bring it, sock it to me,

1343
01:12:48,040 --> 01:12:51,960
Speaker 2: like I'll allow the singularity to happen if they're all

1344
01:12:52,040 --> 01:12:54,840
Speaker 2: cool bug shaped robots. Like if I got to look

1345
01:12:54,880 --> 01:12:57,840
Speaker 2: at like a humanoid robot being like we're in charge now,

1346
01:12:57,960 --> 01:13:01,040
Speaker 2: I'm president now, it's like, eh, I don't love that.

1347
01:13:01,439 --> 01:13:03,760
Speaker 2: But if it's like a robot bug going like I'm

1348
01:13:03,800 --> 01:13:06,519
Speaker 2: president now, it's like, all right, you know what, Yeah,

1349
01:13:06,640 --> 01:13:07,360
Speaker 2: it's your turn.

1350
01:13:07,560 --> 01:13:08,880
Speaker 1: That's fine.

1351
01:13:09,439 --> 01:13:11,920
Speaker 3: Maybe you'll do a better job. Probably, maybe you take

1352
01:13:11,960 --> 01:13:14,519
Speaker 3: a swing at this. Yeah, sorry about the mess we left.

1353
01:13:14,800 --> 01:13:17,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, we didn't do a great job, but you guys

1354
01:13:17,120 --> 01:13:19,360
Speaker 2: are And I feel like in the Matrix they kind

1355
01:13:19,360 --> 01:13:21,439
Speaker 2: of make the robots all sort of like squiggly and

1356
01:13:21,479 --> 01:13:23,439
Speaker 2: bug like, and like if I was a human in

1357
01:13:23,479 --> 01:13:26,160
Speaker 2: the Matrix, I'm like, Wow, you guys built us like

1358
01:13:26,320 --> 01:13:27,839
Speaker 2: Disneyland for our brains.

1359
01:13:27,840 --> 01:13:28,799
Speaker 1: It's kind of nice.

1360
01:13:29,720 --> 01:13:32,599
Speaker 3: The bug robot takes office and he's like, who closed

1361
01:13:32,720 --> 01:13:36,639
Speaker 3: last night? This is a mess. This sucks you guys

1362
01:13:36,760 --> 01:13:37,280
Speaker 3: live like.

1363
01:13:37,280 --> 01:13:39,040
Speaker 1: This, but that's cool.

1364
01:13:39,280 --> 01:13:41,800
Speaker 2: I also I appreciate that, like millipedes have like such

1365
01:13:41,880 --> 01:13:44,719
Speaker 2: tiny brains and tiny nervous systems, but they are capable

1366
01:13:44,720 --> 01:13:48,479
Speaker 2: of such complex movement, right, like the undulating waves of

1367
01:13:48,520 --> 01:13:50,519
Speaker 2: their legs. Like if I was a millipede, I would

1368
01:13:50,520 --> 01:13:53,160
Speaker 2: immediately get confused and fall over to like.

1369
01:13:53,320 --> 01:13:56,200
Speaker 3: We're struggling with the two I've got. Yeah, Like I'm

1370
01:13:56,280 --> 01:13:58,639
Speaker 3: already yeah, my life on just the two.

1371
01:13:59,040 --> 01:14:02,360
Speaker 2: Like when you're like climb stairs and sneeze at the

1372
01:14:02,400 --> 01:14:04,200
Speaker 2: same time and I try it, I fall down and

1373
01:14:04,240 --> 01:14:08,920
Speaker 2: almost kill myself. It's an either or Yeah, So I man.

1374
01:14:09,000 --> 01:14:11,839
Speaker 2: Props to the millipedes and props to tiny doctor bugs

1375
01:14:11,880 --> 01:14:15,360
Speaker 2: that are gonna be like crawl up in our body

1376
01:14:15,439 --> 01:14:18,080
Speaker 2: fluids and do doctor stuff inside.

1377
01:14:18,680 --> 01:14:21,320
Speaker 3: Let him, I don't let him. Well, we can't talk

1378
01:14:21,320 --> 01:14:25,200
Speaker 3: about robot bugs without talking about Wildlild West. Of course obligatory.

1379
01:14:25,520 --> 01:14:27,800
Speaker 1: I've never seen it. That was the one with Will Smith.

1380
01:14:27,920 --> 01:14:30,679
Speaker 3: You're not missing anything. Yes, it did have Will Smith

1381
01:14:30,680 --> 01:14:34,840
Speaker 3: and it famously he turned down the role as I

1382
01:14:34,880 --> 01:14:37,240
Speaker 3: think it was Neo and the Matrix. I think he

1383
01:14:37,280 --> 01:14:40,400
Speaker 3: did actually turned down the leading role in the Matrix

1384
01:14:40,439 --> 01:14:43,240
Speaker 3: to do Wild Wild West instead, which was notoriously a

1385
01:14:43,360 --> 01:14:46,800
Speaker 3: very terrible movie. It was very very bad. But one

1386
01:14:46,840 --> 01:14:52,040
Speaker 3: of the sort of most uh intriguing things about the

1387
01:14:52,080 --> 01:14:54,799
Speaker 3: movie is that at the end, a giant robot spider

1388
01:14:54,840 --> 01:14:56,679
Speaker 3: shows up, a giant It's like a steak.

1389
01:14:56,720 --> 01:14:57,160
Speaker 1: Explain it.

1390
01:14:57,280 --> 01:14:59,120
Speaker 3: Just keep in mind, keep in mind this is like,

1391
01:14:59,720 --> 01:15:05,120
Speaker 3: you know, steampunk West's Steampunk West. This giant steampunk robot

1392
01:15:05,200 --> 01:15:09,760
Speaker 3: spider shows up at that and it's just there. There's

1393
01:15:12,280 --> 01:15:15,599
Speaker 3: they kind of like hinted at, like there was something like, oh,

1394
01:15:15,640 --> 01:15:19,519
Speaker 3: there's something, and then oh, it's a giant robot Spider's.

1395
01:15:19,080 --> 01:15:21,880
Speaker 1: Jeff, you know, he's around.

1396
01:15:23,080 --> 01:15:25,000
Speaker 3: But it is kind of like this, you know, the

1397
01:15:25,040 --> 01:15:28,360
Speaker 3: idea being that like this bug body shape is very

1398
01:15:28,479 --> 01:15:31,519
Speaker 3: very stable and good at getting around, and it's already

1399
01:15:31,760 --> 01:15:36,520
Speaker 3: it lends itself to robotics. Yeah, yeah, it feels very mechanical.

1400
01:15:36,880 --> 01:15:39,720
Speaker 3: And yeah, there's a giant robot spider. There's like not

1401
01:15:39,800 --> 01:15:40,360
Speaker 3: to spoil it.

1402
01:15:40,439 --> 01:15:44,519
Speaker 1: Sorry, yeah, oh god, now I can never watch. Yeah. No,

1403
01:15:44,560 --> 01:15:46,520
Speaker 1: there's hydraulic there's hydraulics.

1404
01:15:46,520 --> 01:15:49,599
Speaker 2: There's pisted in action with spider legs that lends itself

1405
01:15:49,600 --> 01:15:52,799
Speaker 2: well to like robot, you know stuff.

1406
01:15:53,200 --> 01:15:54,680
Speaker 1: So I'm into it.

1407
01:15:54,800 --> 01:15:55,320
Speaker 3: Scuttling.

1408
01:15:55,479 --> 01:15:59,719
Speaker 2: I like a scuttling robot that you know that gets

1409
01:15:59,880 --> 01:16:02,960
Speaker 2: in my interstitial body fluids.

1410
01:16:02,960 --> 01:16:03,639
Speaker 1: So that's great.

1411
01:16:04,360 --> 01:16:04,599
Speaker 3: Ellen.

1412
01:16:04,840 --> 01:16:06,720
Speaker 2: Before we go, we got play a little game. It's

1413
01:16:06,800 --> 01:16:09,760
Speaker 2: called them Yes Squawk and Mystery Animal Sound Game. Every

1414
01:16:09,800 --> 01:16:12,840
Speaker 2: week I play Mystery Animals Sound except for last week

1415
01:16:12,880 --> 01:16:15,639
Speaker 2: and the week before because I played a Listener Questions

1416
01:16:15,680 --> 01:16:21,400
Speaker 2: episode and then a Easter rerun. But from two weeks

1417
01:16:21,400 --> 01:16:26,360
Speaker 2: ago we had a Mister animalson and it the clue

1418
01:16:27,160 --> 01:16:30,639
Speaker 2: was like, don't be when I hear this, I'll pack

1419
01:16:30,760 --> 01:16:41,599
Speaker 2: my bag, all right, Ellen, who do you think is? Yeah,

1420
01:16:41,600 --> 01:16:42,479
Speaker 2: it's pretty bad.

1421
01:16:43,800 --> 01:16:46,720
Speaker 3: The hint that you gave led me to believe it

1422
01:16:46,760 --> 01:16:47,320
Speaker 3: wasn't I'll.

1423
01:16:47,240 --> 01:16:50,320
Speaker 1: Packa I think I said it.

1424
01:16:50,680 --> 01:16:53,840
Speaker 2: I think I said it a little bit less spoilery.

1425
01:16:53,960 --> 01:16:54,400
Speaker 1: Last time.

1426
01:16:54,439 --> 01:16:56,920
Speaker 2: It's like I'm packing my bags when I hear this,

1427
01:16:57,040 --> 01:16:59,880
Speaker 2: But this time I couldn't. I couldn't help, but do

1428
01:17:00,160 --> 01:17:00,519
Speaker 2: the pun.

1429
01:17:02,200 --> 01:17:05,120
Speaker 3: I have to meta game and say that based on

1430
01:17:05,200 --> 01:17:07,880
Speaker 3: the hint, I think it was an alpaca, but also

1431
01:17:07,920 --> 01:17:09,960
Speaker 3: if it is, if I'm right and it's an olt paka,

1432
01:17:10,200 --> 01:17:11,560
Speaker 3: I will be shocked.

1433
01:17:11,720 --> 01:17:15,200
Speaker 1: Yeah it's an alpaca, there's no way. Yeah, it's an

1434
01:17:15,360 --> 01:17:16,240
Speaker 1: pack alarm call.

1435
01:17:17,439 --> 01:17:21,080
Speaker 2: They make a horrible sound when they are alarmed.

1436
01:17:21,160 --> 01:17:23,840
Speaker 3: Yeah, that sucks. It's not do that.

1437
01:17:23,920 --> 01:17:25,519
Speaker 1: They should stop this.

1438
01:17:25,640 --> 01:17:27,800
Speaker 3: You should teach them a different one. Yeah, y'all can't

1439
01:17:27,840 --> 01:17:28,280
Speaker 3: be doing this.

1440
01:17:28,479 --> 01:17:31,800
Speaker 2: Like the recording device is clearly struggling here, like it

1441
01:17:31,880 --> 01:17:32,479
Speaker 2: is peaking.

1442
01:17:33,240 --> 01:17:34,280
Speaker 3: Uh, they're clipping.

1443
01:17:34,720 --> 01:17:37,559
Speaker 1: It is clipping. I am trying.

1444
01:17:37,600 --> 01:17:40,080
Speaker 3: For a second, I legitimately thought, I was like, are

1445
01:17:40,080 --> 01:17:42,640
Speaker 3: you having an audio issue? Is this a weird like?

1446
01:17:42,880 --> 01:17:44,840
Speaker 3: I thought so the audio get corrupted?

1447
01:17:45,320 --> 01:17:46,040
Speaker 1: I thought so too.

1448
01:17:46,120 --> 01:17:49,280
Speaker 2: In fact, I'm gonna like, I'm gonna find a different one,

1449
01:17:49,320 --> 01:17:52,439
Speaker 2: just so you can get the sense that this is

1450
01:17:52,479 --> 01:17:54,040
Speaker 2: not just a crappy recording.

1451
01:17:54,240 --> 01:18:04,519
Speaker 1: It is a terrible sound as well. Yeah, there it is.

1452
01:18:05,120 --> 01:18:08,280
Speaker 1: There's that good stuff right, direct that right into my

1453
01:18:08,360 --> 01:18:08,880
Speaker 1: ear holes.

1454
01:18:09,920 --> 01:18:12,400
Speaker 3: Yeah that sucks, that's awful like that.

1455
01:18:12,800 --> 01:18:16,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, that's fun. But you know, our packas are very

1456
01:18:16,520 --> 01:18:19,559
Speaker 2: very defensive, very territorial, and they will use this as

1457
01:18:19,920 --> 01:18:23,040
Speaker 2: a warning call for the rest of the alpaca herd

1458
01:18:23,560 --> 01:18:26,800
Speaker 2: to be on high alert, and they will, they will

1459
01:18:26,840 --> 01:18:30,280
Speaker 2: stomp and they will be aggressive if they feel like

1460
01:18:30,400 --> 01:18:34,280
Speaker 2: they are in danger. They are not demure creatures much

1461
01:18:34,360 --> 01:18:35,000
Speaker 2: like donkeys.

1462
01:18:35,320 --> 01:18:37,280
Speaker 1: They are not demure.

1463
01:18:37,320 --> 01:18:40,479
Speaker 2: In fact, sometimes like llamas or our packs are used

1464
01:18:40,479 --> 01:18:43,439
Speaker 2: by farmers with like other animals to basically protect them

1465
01:18:43,479 --> 01:18:47,200
Speaker 2: and be like be their buddies because they're very very

1466
01:18:47,200 --> 01:18:50,000
Speaker 2: protective of their territory and their herd.

1467
01:18:50,560 --> 01:18:55,000
Speaker 3: They know they're worth they have boundaries, They excellent communication skills. Honestly,

1468
01:18:55,680 --> 01:18:56,519
Speaker 3: it's been to therapy.

1469
01:18:57,800 --> 01:19:02,920
Speaker 2: So onto the next mystery animals found the hants is this.

1470
01:19:02,920 --> 01:19:04,559
Speaker 1: This is a very common sound.

1471
01:19:05,200 --> 01:19:08,080
Speaker 2: So it's not so much about the trick, isn't so

1472
01:19:08,200 --> 01:19:12,839
Speaker 2: much about who, but the time timing is everything.

1473
01:19:19,840 --> 01:19:22,519
Speaker 3: Yeah, I'm gonna say some kind of groundhog, a prairie

1474
01:19:22,520 --> 01:19:23,160
Speaker 3: dog or something.

1475
01:19:23,280 --> 01:19:23,519
Speaker 1: Great.

1476
01:19:23,600 --> 01:19:27,040
Speaker 2: Yeah, Well we will find out next time on Creature feature.

1477
01:19:27,040 --> 01:19:28,519
Speaker 2: If you think you know who is making that sound,

1478
01:19:28,560 --> 01:19:30,879
Speaker 2: you can write to me at Creature futurepod at gmail

1479
01:19:30,920 --> 01:19:34,960
Speaker 2: dot com. And Ellen, thank you so much for joining

1480
01:19:35,000 --> 01:19:38,400
Speaker 2: me today. You're always a delight. Where can people find you?

1481
01:19:39,640 --> 01:19:42,240
Speaker 3: Of course they can find me on Just the Zoo

1482
01:19:42,240 --> 01:19:45,000
Speaker 3: of Us, which is a podcast on the Maximum Fun

1483
01:19:45,080 --> 01:19:49,360
Speaker 3: network where we review animals. We alternate between me and

1484
01:19:49,400 --> 01:19:54,640
Speaker 3: my husband doing our own notes and reporting our scores

1485
01:19:54,960 --> 01:19:56,800
Speaker 3: that we give the animals to each other. And then

1486
01:19:56,840 --> 01:19:59,080
Speaker 3: we have guest guest episodes where I bring on really

1487
01:19:59,120 --> 01:20:02,679
Speaker 3: cool people like Amani Weber Schultz, so I talked about earlier,

1488
01:20:02,680 --> 01:20:05,960
Speaker 3: who is a shark researcher who researches formras and shark

1489
01:20:06,040 --> 01:20:08,880
Speaker 3: denticles and stuff. So we have really cool people on.

1490
01:20:09,120 --> 01:20:11,560
Speaker 3: You can find it wherever you get podcasts or on

1491
01:20:11,760 --> 01:20:12,800
Speaker 3: maximum fun dot org.

1492
01:20:13,120 --> 01:20:15,960
Speaker 1: Nice. I thank you guys so much for listening.

1493
01:20:16,280 --> 01:20:18,040
Speaker 2: If you're enjoying the show and you leave a rating

1494
01:20:18,120 --> 01:20:20,840
Speaker 2: or review, that absolutely.

1495
01:20:20,280 --> 01:20:20,800
Speaker 1: Helps the show.

1496
01:20:20,840 --> 01:20:23,320
Speaker 2: I read every single one and thanks to the Space

1497
01:20:23,360 --> 01:20:26,920
Speaker 2: Classic score. There's super awesome song Exolumina. Creature features the

1498
01:20:27,000 --> 01:20:31,760
Speaker 2: production of iHeartRadio, four more products, four more podcasts like

1499
01:20:31,960 --> 01:20:34,560
Speaker 2: this just heard visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple.

1500
01:20:34,280 --> 01:20:36,120
Speaker 1: Podcast, or I Guess what Are you listen to your

1501
01:20:36,160 --> 01:20:38,880
Speaker 1: favorite shows? Not Your mother can't tell it, can't tell

1502
01:20:38,920 --> 01:20:41,240
Speaker 1: you how to live your life. You gotta gotta steer

1503
01:20:41,280 --> 01:20:44,000
Speaker 1: your ship. See you next Wednesday.